Wikipedia simplewiki https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk MOS MOS talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 652 10882706 10711222 2026-06-09T22:21:04Z ~2026-33967-06 1819346 wrote how reading is useful 10882706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses}} {{wiktionary}} [[File:Fritz von Uhde - Das Bilderbuch I (1889).jpg|thumb|A girl reading a book]] '''Reading''' is understanding [[writing]] in a [[language]]. Fundamentally, reading is the way people look at certain marks and know what they mean. Once it was possible to go through life without reading. Writing goes back in human history only a few thousand years, and 200 years ago ''most men could not read or write''. We know this is true because they could not write their own names on marriage records in churches. Most men worked in [[farming]], and you can do most of that job without being able to read. The wives could read: they lived at home before marriage and their mothers taught them. The boys went to work at, say, nine or ten, and never learnt to read. Reading is understanding what is [[print]]ed or written.<ref>Russell Stauffer 1970. ''Language experience approach to the teaching of reading''. New York, Harper & Row.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Anthony V. Manzo|author2=Ula Casale Manzo|title=Teaching children to be literate: a reflective approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKSXmrQIbEkC&pg=PA283|year=1995|publisher=LiteracyLeaders|isbn=978-0-15-300560-2|pages=283–285}}</ref> It is how you get [[information]] about something that is written. It can only be done if one knows the language. Otherwise, you can only learn from other people telling you verbally, or from practical demonstration. Reaing helps you understand nnnoowledge and. helps you learn more about certain topics. Tung tung tung sahur. == Some things you do when you read == * Make [[Prediction|predictions]]/[[Hypothesis|hypotheses]] about the writing and ideas from the title of the reading material. * Read and group parts of the material. * Review all its words, understand the main idea, the details, facts, and sequences of the story,. * Make a logical judgment about a character's attitudes, behaviors, and conditions in the story. * Make reasonable predictions about what the next section will be about in the reading material. One of the things writing does is create imaginary worlds. On the other hand, writing can be about practical life. That is a huge range of possibilities. [[Writing]] had to be invented: it sometimes comes as a shock to realise this.<ref>Gaur, Albertine 1992. ''A history of writing''. The [[British Library]] ISBN 0-7123-0270-0.</ref> Much later, [[printing]] was invented. That took writing out of churches into the wider world, the world we all live in. ==Related pages== *[[Literacy]] *[[Literature]] *[[Aliteracy]] *[[Writing]] *[[Printing]] *[[Primary education]] *[[Doctor of Philosophy]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{-}} {{stub}} {{Literacy}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Reading]] sioyquj6w4sghv2h1e3ssvvsv3gjmvn 10882715 10882706 2026-06-09T22:43:41Z Asteralee 1508758 Moved things down and modified some stuff 10882715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses}} [[File:Fritz von Uhde - Das Bilderbuch I (1889).jpg|thumb|A girl reading a book]] '''Reading''' is understanding [[writing]] in a [[language]]. Fundamentally, reading is the way people look at certain marks and know what they mean. Once it was possible to go through life without reading. Writing goes back in human history only a few thousand years, and 200 years ago ''most men could not read or write''. We know this is true because they could not write their own names on marriage records in churches. Most men worked in [[farming]], and you can do most of that job without being able to read. The wives could read: they lived at home before marriage and their mothers taught them. The boys went to work at, say, nine or ten, and never learnt to read. Reading is understanding what is [[print]]ed or written.<ref>Russell Stauffer 1970. ''Language experience approach to the teaching of reading''. New York, Harper & Row.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Anthony V. Manzo|author2=Ula Casale Manzo|title=Teaching children to be literate: a reflective approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKSXmrQIbEkC&pg=PA283|year=1995|publisher=LiteracyLeaders|isbn=978-0-15-300560-2|pages=283–285}}</ref> It is how you get [[information]] about something that is written. It can only be done if one knows the language. Otherwise, you can only learn from other people telling you verbally, or from practical demonstration. == Some things you do when you read == * Make [[Prediction|predictions]] or [[Hypothesis|hypotheses]] about the writing and ideas from the title of the reading material. * Read and group parts of the material. * Review all its words, understand the main idea, the details, facts, and [[wikt:sequence|sequences]] of the story,. * Make a logical judgment about a character's attitudes, behaviors, and conditions in the story. * Make reasonable predictions about what the next section will be about in the reading material. One of the things writing does is create imaginary worlds. On the other hand, writing can be about practical life. That is a huge range of possibilities. [[Writing]] had to be invented: it sometimes comes as a shock to realise this.<ref>Gaur, Albertine 1992. ''A history of writing''. The [[British Library]] ISBN 0-7123-0270-0.</ref> Much later, [[printing]] was invented. That took writing out of churches into the wider world, the world we all live in. ==Related pages== *[[Literacy]] *[[Literature]] *[[Aliteracy]] *[[Writing]] *[[Printing]] *[[Primary education]] *[[Doctor of Philosophy]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{wiktionary-inline}} {{Literacy}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Reading]] {{stub}} 1ftnb5ln3v16mass3j0efbx0jm10ahh 10882716 10882715 2026-06-09T22:43:54Z Asteralee 1508758 new key for [[Category:Reading]]: " " using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{otheruses}} [[File:Fritz von Uhde - Das Bilderbuch I (1889).jpg|thumb|A girl reading a book]] '''Reading''' is understanding [[writing]] in a [[language]]. Fundamentally, reading is the way people look at certain marks and know what they mean. Once it was possible to go through life without reading. Writing goes back in human history only a few thousand years, and 200 years ago ''most men could not read or write''. We know this is true because they could not write their own names on marriage records in churches. Most men worked in [[farming]], and you can do most of that job without being able to read. The wives could read: they lived at home before marriage and their mothers taught them. The boys went to work at, say, nine or ten, and never learnt to read. Reading is understanding what is [[print]]ed or written.<ref>Russell Stauffer 1970. ''Language experience approach to the teaching of reading''. New York, Harper & Row.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Anthony V. Manzo|author2=Ula Casale Manzo|title=Teaching children to be literate: a reflective approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKSXmrQIbEkC&pg=PA283|year=1995|publisher=LiteracyLeaders|isbn=978-0-15-300560-2|pages=283–285}}</ref> It is how you get [[information]] about something that is written. It can only be done if one knows the language. Otherwise, you can only learn from other people telling you verbally, or from practical demonstration. == Some things you do when you read == * Make [[Prediction|predictions]] or [[Hypothesis|hypotheses]] about the writing and ideas from the title of the reading material. * Read and group parts of the material. * Review all its words, understand the main idea, the details, facts, and [[wikt:sequence|sequences]] of the story,. * Make a logical judgment about a character's attitudes, behaviors, and conditions in the story. * Make reasonable predictions about what the next section will be about in the reading material. One of the things writing does is create imaginary worlds. On the other hand, writing can be about practical life. That is a huge range of possibilities. [[Writing]] had to be invented: it sometimes comes as a shock to realise this.<ref>Gaur, Albertine 1992. ''A history of writing''. The [[British Library]] ISBN 0-7123-0270-0.</ref> Much later, [[printing]] was invented. That took writing out of churches into the wider world, the world we all live in. ==Related pages== *[[Literacy]] *[[Literature]] *[[Aliteracy]] *[[Writing]] *[[Printing]] *[[Primary education]] *[[Doctor of Philosophy]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{wiktionary-inline}} {{Literacy}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Reading| ]] {{stub}} nq5aztocul4tbcred5vzpseccevlp40 0 897 10882428 10531321 2026-06-09T16:03:33Z ~2026-33395-24 1816836 10882428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Holy See}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Vatican City State | native_name = {{small|{{native name|it|Stato della Città del Vaticano|icon=no}}}} | common_name = Vatican City | image_flag = Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Vatican City (2023–present).svg | image_map = Location Vatican City Europe.png | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location Vatican City Europe.png}} | national_motto = | national_anthem = {{native name|it|[[Pontifical Anthem|Inno e Marcia Pontificale]]}}<br/>{{small|''Pontifical Anthem and March''}}<br/>[[File:United States Navy Band - Inno e Marcia Pontificale.ogg]] | capital = {{nowrap|Vatican City}} | official_languages = Italian<br/>For Holy See: Latin<!--The Holy See uses Latin, but the Holy See is not Vatican City State.--><ref group="note">In accordance with paragraph 2 of the ''Legge sulle fonti del diritto'' of 7 June 1929, all laws and regulations of the state are published in the Italian language ''Supplemento per le leggi e disposizioni dello Stato della Città del Vaticano'' attached to the [[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]]. The text of the first seven items published in that supplement is given [http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/FBFEA0E8-B43A-452A-AAA0-1AF49590F658/2615/Supplemento.pdf here.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227194112/http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/FBFEA0E8-B43A-452A-AAA0-1AF49590F658/2615/Supplemento.pdf |date=2010-12-27 }} While the state itself uses only Italian, many other languages are used by institutions situated within the state, such as the [[Holy See]], the [[Pontifical Guard|Pontifical Swiss Guard]], and the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]].<br> The Holy See uses [[Latin]] as an official language and French as a diplomatic language; in addition, its [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]] uses English, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese and Spanish. The Swiss Guard, in which commands on parade are given in German, also uses French and Italian in all its official ceremonies.</ref> Hindi (regional variation) French | latd = 41 | latm = 54.2 | latNS = N | longd = 12 | longm = 27.2 | longEW = E | government_type = [[Ecclesiastical]]; [[sacerdotal]]-[[monarchical]];<br/>[[absolute monarchy]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/index.htm |title=Internet portal of Vatican City State |publisher=Vatican City State |accessdate=9 July 2011 |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030947/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[elective monarchy]];<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA1009 Gerhard Robbers, ''Encyclopedia of World Constitutions'' (Infobase Publishing 2006), p. 1009] {{ISBN|978-0-81606078-8}}</ref> elective [[theocracy]].<ref>[http://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/nick.megoran/pdf/theocracy.pdf Nick Megoran, "Theocracy" in ''International Encyclopedia of Human Geography'', vol. 11, Elsevier 2009, p.226| Quote:elective theocracy (although its representatives would be unlikely to accept that label)] {{ISBN|978-0-08-044911-1}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Pope|Sovereign]] | leader_name1 = [[Pope Leo XIV]] | leader_title2 = [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] | leader_name2 = [[Pietro Parolin]] | legislature = [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|Pontifical Commission]] | area_rank = 250th | area_magnitude = 1 E5 | area_ha = 44 | area_acre = 110 | population_estimate = 526 | population_estimate_rank = 240th | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_density_km2 = 1777 | population_density_sq_mi = 4859 | population_density_rank = 6th | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = | sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]]}} | established_event1 = [[Lateran Treaty]] | established_date1 = 11 February 1929 | currency = Euro (€)^a | currency_code = EUR | country_code = V | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = right<ref group="note">Visitors and tourists are not permitted to drive inside the Vatican without specific permission, which is normally granted only to those who have business with some office in the Vatican.</ref> | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Vatican City|+379]]<ref>[[ITU-T]] assigned code 379 to Vatican City. However, Vatican City is included in the Italian telephone numbering plan and uses the Italian country code 39, followed by 06 (for Rome) and 698.</ref> | iso3166code = VA | sport_code = | vehicle_code = V<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html#Targa www.vatican.va] [[Holy See Press Office]]&nbsp;— General Information. Retrieved 23 October 2009.</ref> | cctld = [[.va]] | footnote_a = Since 1 January 2002 (see [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/sp_ss_scv_info-generale_en.html#Valuta Valuta] at www.vatican.va, retrieved 23 October 2009). Before 2002, the currency was the [[Vatican lira]], on a par with the [[Italian lira]]. | demonym = | area_km2 = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_year = | today = }} '''Vatican City''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Vatican City.ogg|ˈ|v|æ|t|k|ən|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|t|i}}; officially '''Vatican City State''', {{lang-it|Stato della Città del Vaticano}})<ref>"Stato della Città del Vaticano" is the name used in [http://www.vatican.va/vatican_city_state/legislation/documents/scv_doc_20001126_legge-fondamentale-scv_it.html the text] of the state's [[Constitution|Fundamental Law]] and in [http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en.html the state's official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204011806/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en.html |date=2013-12-04 }}.</ref> (also sometimes referred to as '''the Vatican''') is the smallest [[country]] in the world by [[List of countries by area|size]], at {{convert|44|ha|acre}}, and the smallest by population.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/homepage.htm |title=Vatican City State - Homepage |access-date=2009-07-22 |archive-date=2010-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102133940/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/homepage.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is also one of the world's three [[City-state|city-states]]. Its [[territory]] is completely surrounded by [[Italy]] and it is only one of three countries in the world that are [[enclave]]s of another country (the others being [[San Marino]], also in Italy, and [[Lesotho]] in southern Africa). Also, it is the only country in the world that is an enclave of a [[city]], as all of the land around it is part of [[Rome]], the capital of Italy. The Vatican City is a [[city-state]], because all its territory is [[urban]] and built-up. The Vatican City is the [[headquarters]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], and the religion's and country's government [[Holy See]]. Its [[head of state]] or [[sovereign]] is the [[Pope]] which is, in religious contexts, the [[Bishop of Rome]] and head of the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican City is also important for its [[culture]] and [[art]]. The Vatican's masterpieces are very well known in the world: [[St. Peter's Square]], [[St. Peter's Basilica]], the [[Sistine Chapel]], the [[Vatican Museums]] and the [[Apostolic Palace]], where the Pope lives. There are also hundreds of other [[sculpture]]s and [[picture]]s. == History == The Pope used to rule the [[Papal States]], which included most of Italy. Catholic popes had generally tried to stop Italy from becoming one country because they feared they would lose their control of at least one of the Papal States.{{cn}} In 1861 Italy was unified under the King of Savoy, but [[Rome]] and [[Latium]] remained unconquered. On September 20, 1870 Italian troops invaded. Rome became capital of the new [[kingdom]]. The [[Pope]] claimed he was a prisoner of the Italian state and [[excommunication|excommunicated]] all the people who helped invade the Papal state. This stopped Catholics from taking part in public life under Catholic government. In 1929 [[Benito Mussolini]], decided to sign an agreement with [[Pope Pius XI]], called the [[Lateran Treaty]], which gave the territory of the Vatican to the Pope. Another treaty gave the Vatican money each year to compensate for the lost territories. == Politics and Government == The government [[Hierarchy|structure]] is a [[theocracy]] (a country governed by a religion particularly by the [[Holy See]]) with the [[Pope]] as the head. The pope is elected by the College of Cardinals which are [[bishops]] and [[Archbishop|archbishops]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], allowing one to lead both the religion and city-state. The Pope also holds the title of "Bishop of Rome". The Pope is the head of state or sovereign of the Vatican and holds the office until death or resignation therefore his title is officially "the Sovereign". The government and legislature is the [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State]]. == People == [[File:Vatican City map EN.svg|thumb|upright|Map of Vatican City]] === Population === Vatican City has a population of 526. The [[citizen]]s of the Vatican include the [[Pope]], all the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], all the [[Apostolic Nunciature|nuncios]] (who is the [[wikt:equivalent|equivalent]] of an [[ambassador]]) and other [[diplomat]]s, all the [[Swiss Guards]], and other important people. Also, there are 372 Vatican citizens who live in other countries, including cardinals and nuncios. Vatican citizenship cannot be passed to [[children]] and [[spouse]]s; and, except for the Pope and cardinals, Vatican citizenship is lost when the term of office comes to an end, for the Swiss Guards, nuncios and diplomats, and other people working for the Holy See.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Popolazione|url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html|access-date=2020-11-08|website=www.vaticanstate.va}}</ref> === Language === The Vatican does have a law declaring an [[official language]]. [[Italian language|Italian]] is the most used language, and the only official language in Vatican City.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-13|title=What language is spoken at the Vatican? - Visiting The Vatican|url=https://visitingthevatican.com/what-language-is-spoken-at-the-vatican/|access-date=2024-07-27|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Holy See]]'s official language is [[Latin]], but its working language is Italian.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Global Affairs|date=2022-07-20|title=About the Holy See|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/country-pays/holy_see-saint-siege/about-a_propos.aspx?lang=eng|access-date=2024-07-27|website=GAC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6eJJAQAAMAAJ&q=italian.diplomatic.language+holy+see&pg=PP3|title=Background Notes, the Holy See|date=1995|publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication|language=en}}</ref> == Religion == The [[official religion]] of the Vatican is [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Christianity]], and because the country is governed by the [[Holy See]], it is a [[theocracy]]. == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Saint Peter's Square from the dome v2.jpg|St. Peter's square seen from the basilica. Image:StPetersBasilicaEarlyMorning.jpg|The basilica, in early morning </gallery> == References == {{commons}} {{reflist}} ===Notes=== {{reflist|group=note}} {{Europe}} [[Category:Vatican City| ]] [[Category:1929 establishments in Italy]] [[Category:Microstates]] [[Category:Holy See]] 5q8po3ghet8um4sunxd0lzy45foc55k 0 905 10883018 10852343 2026-06-10T09:26:20Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{internet}} :''"The Web" redirects here. For other uses, see [[Web (disambiguation)]]''. The '''World Wide Web''' ("'''WWW'''" or "'''the Web'''", "'''the Webspace"''') is the part of the [[Internet]] that contains [[website]]s and [[webpage]]s. It was invented in 1989 by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] at [[CERN]], [[Geneva City|Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]. Sir Tim Berners-Lee created a new [[markup language]] called [[HTML]]. Each Website is a group of pages linked by [[hypertext]] links that are written in HTML. The [[software]] to see the World Wide Web is called a [[web browser]]. To access the World Wide Web, one also needs a connection to the [[Internet]]. Many companies nowadays offer [[Web hosting service|website hosting]] allowing one to make websites that can be displayed on the World Wide Web, including a custom [[Domain name|domain]] (www.stuff.com) site. == History == [[File:First_Web_Server.jpg|thumb|This [[NeXT Computer]] was used by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] as the first web server and also to write the first web browser – WorldWideWeb.]] The World Wide Web was created by [[Tim Berners-Lee]] in [[1989]] while he was working at [[CERN]], a research center in Switzerland. He wanted to help scientists share documents and information easily over the [[Internet]]. He suggested a system using [[hypertext]], which lets people click on links to move between documents.<ref name="Berners-Lee proposal">{{cite web |url=https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html |title=Information Management: A Proposal |last=Berners-Lee |first=Tim |publisher=W3C |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> In [[1990]], Berners-Lee made the first version of the Web. It included: * The first [[web browser]] and editor, called ''[[WorldWideWeb (web browser)|WorldWideWeb]]'', * The first [[web server]], and * The first [[web page]], which explained what the Web was and how to use it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html |title=The World Wide Web project |publisher=[[CERN]] |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gillies |first=James |last2=Cailliau |first2=Robert |title=How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web |url=https://archive.org/details/howwebwasbornsto00gill |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-19-286207-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |title=European physicists propose 'hypertext' to link databases |work=The New York Times |date=1991-12-10 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/science/european-physicists-propose-hypertext-to-link-databases.html}}</ref> In [[1991]], the Web became available to researchers outside CERN. By [[1993]], it began to grow fast. That year, the [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] browser was released. It was the first popular browser with graphics, which made the Web end helped it spread worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ShortHistory.html |title=A Short History of the Web |last=Berners-Lee |first=Tim |publisher=W3C |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/the-web/20/367 |title=Mosaic: The First Global Web Browser |publisher=Computer History Museum |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> In [[1994]], Berners-Lee started [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) at [[MIT]] to create a couple standards that would keep the Web open and accessible for everyone.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.w3.org/Consortium/ |title=W3C – World Wide Web Consortium |publisher=W3C |access-date=2021-09-13}}</ref> Over time, the Web changed: * In the 2000s, websites became more interactive with [[JavaScript]], [[CSS]], and [[Ajax (programming)|AJAX]], leading to what's called [[Web 2.0]]. * [[Social media]], [[online shopping]], [[streaming media|video streaming]], and [[mobile web|mobile sites]] became common. * Recently, the [[Semantic Web]], [[artificial intelligence|AI]], and [[decentralized web|decentralized we]] ideas have started shaping the Web's future.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fensel |first=Dieter |title=Foundations for the Web of Information and Services: A Review of 20 Years of Semantic Web Research |publisher=Springer |year=2011 |isbn=978-3-642-19796-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://webfoundation.org/2018/03/web-birthday-29/ |title=The web is under threat. Join us and fight for it. |date=2018-03-12 |publisher=World Wide Web Foundation |access-date=2021-09-13 |archive-date=2018-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326152446/https://webfoundation.org/2018/03/web-birthday-29/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Function == The World Wide Web works by combining several technologies so people can view and interact with content on the Internet. When someone opens a website using a [[web browser]], the browser sends a request to a [[web server]] asking for a [[web page]]. The server then sends the content back to the browser. This content is usually written in [[HTML]] (Hypertext Markup Language), which describes the structure of the page.<ref>{{cite book|title=HTML for the World Wide Web|url=https://archive.org/details/html4forworldwid0000cast|last=Castro|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Peachpit Press|year=2000|isbn=}}</ref> Web pages can also include: * [[CSS]] ([[Cascading Style Sheets]]), which control the design and layout of the page,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS |title=CSS: Cascading Style Sheets |publisher=MDN Web Docs |access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref> * and [[JavaScript]], which adds interactivity and lets the page respond to user actions.<ref>{{cite book |last=Flanagan |first=David |title=JavaScript: The Definitive Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/javascriptdefini0000flan |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-596-10199-2}}</ref> Web pages are connected to each other using [[hyperlink]]s. Clicking on a link tells the browser to open a new page. Most websites use a [[client–server model]]: * The browser (the "client") sends requests to the server. * The server sends back the data needed for the page.<ref>{{cite book|title=Client–Server Web Apps with JavaScript and Java|last=Hobbes|first=Thomas|publisher=O'Reilly Media|year=2015|isbn=}}</ref> These messages are usually sent using the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] ([[HTTP]]) or its secure version, [[HTTPS]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Krill |first=Paul |title=HTTP: The Definitive Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/httpdefinitivegu00gour |publisher=O'Reilly Media |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-56592-509-0}}</ref> Some websites also get extra content from other servers, like ads, videos, or social media tools. Many modern websites use [[dynamic web page|dynamic content]], which lets them update part of the page without needing to reload everything.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction |title=Introduction to client-side web APIs |publisher=MDN Web Docs |access-date=2021-09-14}}</ref> == Security and privacy == The Web uses several technologies to protect users and their data. === HTTPS encryption and authentication === Most websites use '''HTTPS''', which adds the TLS [[encryption]] layer on top of HTTP. This keeps data like passwords and personal information safe from eavesdropping and tampering. HTTPS also lets browsers verify a site’s identity using [[digital certificates]], and ensures the content isn’t changed in transit.<ref>{{cite news|date=2016-04-27|title=Hacker Lexicon: What Is HTTPS?|publisher=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/hacker-lexicon-what-is-https-encryption/|access-date=2025-06-26}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2025-04-10|title=Privacy on the web {{!}} MDN|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Privacy|access-date=2025-06-27|website=developer.mozilla.org|language=en-US}}</ref> Modern browsers block certain sensitive features unless the page is delivered via HTTPS. They also enforce security features like HSTS, certificate transparency, and improved cipher suites.<ref name=":0" /> === Tracking and privacy risks === Websites may collect user data such as: * '''IP addresses''', used for basic connection purposes and limited location inference; * '''HTTP cookies''', which help websites remember users or track their activity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kobusińska|first=Anna|last2=Pawluczuk|first2=Kamil|last3=Brzeziński|first3=Jerzy|date=2018-09-01|title=Big Data fingerprinting information analytics for sustainability|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X17329965|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|volume=86|pages=1321–1337|doi=10.1016/j.future.2017.12.061|issn=0167-739X}}</ref> Third-party cookies in particular can follow users across sites.<ref>{{Citation|last=Loshin|first=David|title=Chapter 4 - Customer Lifetime and Value Analytics|date=2013-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124105430000044|work=Using Information to Develop a Culture of Customer Centricity|pages=23–31|editor-last=Loshin|editor-first=David|place=Boston|publisher=Morgan Kaufmann|isbn=978-0-12-410543-0|access-date=2025-06-27|last2=Reifer|first2=Abie|editor2-last=Reifer|editor2-first=Abie}}</ref> Browsers and [[privacy]] tools increasingly block third-party cookies and tracking scripts by default.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-02-27|title=Online Trackers Are Now Shifting To New Invasive CNAME Cloaking Technique - The Hack Report|language=en-US|work=The Hack Report|url=https://thehackreport.com/online-trackers-are-now-shifting-to-new-invasive-cname-cloaking-technique/|access-date=2025-06-27|archive-date=2025-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519151216/https://thehackreport.com/online-trackers-are-now-shifting-to-new-invasive-cname-cloaking-technique/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Example: Wikipedia's approach === Wikipedia shows how a large, community-run site balances openness and privacy: * '''Anonymous editing''' is allowed; these edits show the user’s [[IP address]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-09-30|title=Is Wikipedia Safe? - JoinDeleteMe|url=https://joindeleteme.com/is-site-safe/is-wikipedia-safe/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=joindeleteme.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Wikipedia Works/Chapter 11 - Wikibooks, open books for an open world|url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_Wikipedia_Works/Chapter_11|access-date=2025-06-27|website=en.wikibooks.org|language=en}}</ref> * Basic logs (IP, timestamps) are kept temporarily for site maintenance and then deleted; some logs remain public for accountability.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What user information does Wikipedia retain when a page is viewed?|url=https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/23543/what-user-information-does-wikipedia-retain-when-a-page-is-viewed|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Information Security Stack Exchange|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wikimedia Foundation Privacy Policy - Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki|url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy|access-date=2025-06-27|website=foundation.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> * '''HTTPS is used everywhere''', protecting all page views and edits since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Policy:Privacy policy/Frequently asked questions - Wikimedia Foundation Governance Wiki|url=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Privacy_policy/Frequently_asked_questions|access-date=2025-06-27|website=foundation.wikimedia.org|language=en}}</ref> * The [[Wikimedia Foundation]] implements standard security practices, including encryption, firewalls, and secure data retention.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Couts|first=Andrew|date=2013-06-30|title=Terms & Conditions: Wikipedia is open, but your user data isn’t|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/web/terms-conditions-wikipedia/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Digital Trends|language=en-us}}</ref> == Components == The Web consists of several key components that work together to display and interact with content online. === Web browsers === A '''web browser''' (such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge or Safari) requests web pages from servers, renders HTML/CSS/JavaScript, and provides tools like bookmarks, history, cookies, form support, and security features.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client|url=https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/WorldWideWeb.html|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3.org}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Defining World Wide Web (WWW)|url=https://www.americantv.com/defining-world-wide-web-www.php|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.americantv.com}}</ref> === Web servers === A '''web server''' is a computer (with server software like Apache, Nginx, CERN httpd) that listens for HTTP/HTTPS requests and returns web content—HTML, images, CSS, JavaScript. Servers can also generate pages dynamically using scripting languages.<ref name=":1" /> === Web pages and HTML === * '''Web pages''' are documents written in '''HTML''' (Hypertext Markup Language), which defines elements like headings, paragraphs, images, and links.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HTML Elements|url=https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_elements.asp|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3schools.com|language=en-US}}</ref> === CSS and JavaScript === * '''CSS''' (Cascading Style Sheets) controls page appearance—layout, fonts, colors. * '''JavaScript''' adds interactivity and enables dynamic behavior on the client side.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Components of the World Wide Web|url=https://learnlearn.uk/edexcel-igcse-computer-science/components-of-the-world-wide-web/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Edexcel iGCSE Computer Science|language=en-GB}}</ref> === URLs, HTTP/HTTPS and hyperlinks === * Each resource has a '''URL''' or '''URI''' that uniquely identifies it. * The browser and server exchange data using '''HTTP''' or '''HTTPS'''. * '''Hyperlinks''' connect pages, allowing users to navigate across the Web. === Web platform and Web Components === * The '''Web platform''' refers to open standards like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and APIs maintained by the W3C and other groups.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-28|title=100 Specifications for the Open Web Platform and Counting|url=https://www.w3.org/blog/2011/100-specifications-for-the-ope/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=W3C|language=en}}</ref> * '''Web Components''' let developers create custom HTML elements with their own encapsulated structure, styling (Shadow DOM), and behavior (via JavaScript). They're supported in modern browsers. == Architecture and protocols == The architecture of the Web defines how its parts fit together—from clients and servers to protocols and addressing systems. === Client–server model === The Web uses a '''client–server''' model: a [[web browser]] (client) sends requests to a [[web server]], which then delivers content such as [[HTML]] pages, images, CSS, and JavaScript back to the client. Requests and responses typically travel over an [[Internet]] network, often using separate machines for client and server.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://java.sun.com/developer/Books/jdbc/ch07.pdf|access-date=2025-06-27|website=java.sun.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What is web architecture?|url=https://en.ryte.com/wiki/Web_Architecture/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=en.ryte.com}}</ref> === Resource identification (URIs/URLs) === Each resource on the Web—like a page, image, or video—is uniquely identified by a '''URI''' (or URL). These identifiers let browsers locate and request resources.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3.org}}</ref> === HTTP and HTTPS === * The [[HTTP]] protocol, developed in 1990, defines how browsers ask for resources (with methods like GET and POST) and how servers respond.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ford|first=Paul|title=Meet the Web's Operating System: HTTP|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/04/http/|access-date=2025-06-27|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> * [[HTTPS]] adds TLS (formerly SSL) encryption on top of HTTP. It protects data in transit, verifies server identity, and prevents tampering or eavesdropping.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Understanding the Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS|url=https://www.lifewire.com/what-do-http-and-https-stand-for-3482375|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Lifewire|language=en}}</ref> These protocols run over the **TCP/IP** suite, which ensures reliable data transmission across networks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is TCP/IP and How Does it Work? {{!}} TechTarget|url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/TCP-IP|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Search Networking|language=en}}</ref> === REST and architectural principles === The Web follows the REST architecture style, which promotes stateless, uniform interactions, linking between resources, and scalable systems. It was defined by Roy Fielding in 2000.<ref name=":2" /> According to W3C's architecture documents, the Web is built around: * '''Identification''' of resources via URIs, * '''Representation''' of the resource's current state (HTML, [[JSON]], [[XML]], etc.), * '''Interaction''' using protocols like HTTP and standards to ensure consistency and growth.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Architectural Principles of the World Wide Web|url=https://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-webarch-20020830/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=www.w3.org}}</ref> == Modern trends == In recent years, the Web has evolved beyond static and interactive content into a more '''intelligent''', '''immersive''', and often '''decentralized''' ecosystem. === Decentralized Web (Web 3.0) === Also called Web 3.0, this movement uses technologies like [[blockchain]], peer-to-peer networking, and smart contracts. It aims to return control over data, identity, and assets (e.g., [[Non-fungible token|NFTs]]) to users. Applications include decentralized finance (DeFi), decentralized apps (dApps), and alternative storage systems.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Top Web 3.0 trends and predictions for 2025 and beyond {{!}} TechTarget|url=https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/tip/Top-Web-30-trends-and-predictions|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Search CIO|language=en}}</ref> === AI, Semantic Web & Intelligent Agents === AI and [[machine learning]] power personalization, automation, and smart services. The [[Semantic Web]] adds meaning to data for better machine understanding and smarter search. Emerging agentic features include autonomous software agents that can act on the user’s behalf.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web 3.0 Explained: Key Features, Applications, and Future Trends|url=https://ecos.am/en/blog/what-is-the-web-3-0-concept-and-why-it-is-needed/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=Bitcoin mining: mine the BTC cryptocurrency {{!}} ECOS - Crypto investment platform|language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Immersive & 3D Web (Web3D) === Web browsers now support 3D graphics directly through WebGL, upcoming WebGPU, AR/VR capabilities, and platforms like Web3D. This enables in-browser 3D models, virtual tours, and interactive experiences.<ref name=":3" /> === Edge computing & IoT === A rise in edge computing means more data is processed on devices like [[Smartphone|smartphones]] and sensors. Combined with the [[Internet of things|Internet of Things]] (IoT), it brings real‑world devices online for faster, localized computing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lal|first=Rebecca|date=2022-12-02|title=Web3 Trends That Will Go Big In 2025 (Updated)|url=https://ideausher.com/blog/web3-trends/|access-date=2025-06-27|website=IdeaUsher|language=en-US}}</ref> === Fragmentation, trust & AI safety === There are rising concerns over [[Deepfake|deepfakes]], AI manipulation, and the splintering of the Web into national or corporate islands. Some propose blockchain-based identity, content authenticity schemes, and decentralisation to restore trust, openness, and resist monopolistic control.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dixon|first=Chris|title=Blockchain Innovation Will Put an AI-Powered Internet Back Into Users’ Hands|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/blockchain-open-web-user-data/|access-date=2025-06-27|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-11-09|title=« Le Web non marchand est en train de disparaître »|language=fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2024/11/09/le-web-non-marchand-est-en-train-de-disparaitre_6384643_3232.html|access-date=2025-06-27}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Related pages== *[[Internet Archive]] *[[Minitel]] == Other websites == * [https://citizendium.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web World Wide Web] -Citizendium {{tech-stub}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Internet]] 1x6xr2atvgvpkwh7n2x9v9z939um4nf 4 1905 10882410 10881862 2026-06-09T15:45:38Z NDG 1452189 Reporting [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81|~2026-34130-81]] ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1b) 10882410 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. 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([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882436 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === *{{IPvandal|~2026-34130-81}} &ndash; Long-term abuse. Please protect the page <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small> --[[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 15:45, 9 June 2026 (UTC) *{{vandal|HannaLollies}} &ndash; actions evidently indicate a vandalism-only account. [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 16:12, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 540c99o6of3r53oyq37r7xtk9ogzmfb 10882446 10882436 2026-06-09T16:34:06Z BarrasBot 411705 Removing resolved vandalism entries (1 removed, 1 remaining) 10882446 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === *{{IPvandal|~2026-34130-81}} &ndash; Long-term abuse. Please protect the page <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small> --[[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 15:45, 9 June 2026 (UTC) jdk6j8y7shgxiaqaen65zig7okqdbiv 10882472 10882446 2026-06-09T17:12:08Z BarrasBot 411705 Removing resolved vandalism entries (1 removed, all done!) 10882472 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. 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Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === 1dmgp8x4m1aucd2en3qexrsxff2u9a8 10882569 10882472 2026-06-09T19:39:04Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 Reporting [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1b) 10882569 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. 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Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === *{{IPvandal|~2026-34128-74}} &ndash; Vandalism <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small> --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 19:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) nms6je2s7ih32ktodyjvyz8s8a4abh6 10882617 10882569 2026-06-09T20:26:04Z BarrasBot 411705 Removing resolved vandalism entries (1 removed, all done!) 10882617 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === 1dmgp8x4m1aucd2en3qexrsxff2u9a8 10882673 10882617 2026-06-09T21:31:26Z ~2026-34077-04 1819282 /* User-reported */ 10882673 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === {{Vandal|NDG}} He just claimed on the talk page of Lisa Crites that he does paid editing. His editing style also reflects that he endorses Wikipedia page deletions and asks for money on talk pages. 13r8fzqyfed5h1e3vxcipqoxqdtzep4 10882877 10882673 2026-06-10T03:10:23Z Garsh2 1475106 Reporting [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34116-81|~2026-34116-81]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882877 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === {{Vandal|NDG}} He just claimed on the talk page of Lisa Crites that he does paid editing. His editing style also reflects that he endorses Wikipedia page deletions and asks for money on talk pages. *{{vandal|~2026-34116-81}} &ndash; Abuse of many temp accounts to vandalize [[Western Europe]]. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:10, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 1m34n6j0mwc5epeega36x0l4c2xmtbu 10883006 10882877 2026-06-10T09:10:14Z BarrasBot 411705 Removing resolved vandalism entries (1 removed, 1 stale, 1 remaining) 10883006 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === {{Vandal|NDG}} He just claimed on the talk page of Lisa Crites that he does paid editing. His editing style also reflects that he endorses Wikipedia page deletions and asks for money on talk pages. 13r8fzqyfed5h1e3vxcipqoxqdtzep4 10883059 10883006 2026-06-10T10:23:39Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 /* User-reported */ remove - comment was sarcastic and AN would be more appropriate venue anyway 10883059 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <!--forced no table of contents--> <noinclude> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/header}} <!-- To better help administrators, please use the "{{vandal}}" template if the vandal has an account or the "{{ipvandal}}" template if it is an [[IP|IP address]]. Examples: *"{{vandal|Bad user}}" for a vandal with the account (the user name is "Bad user") *"{{ipvandal|127.0.0.1}}" for a vandal that is an IP address (the address is "127.0.0.1") --> :''Please add new reports at the bottom.''</noinclude> == Current alerts == ===Bot-reported=== <!-- To clear reports made by the bot, go to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot]] and remove the entries on that page. Do not remove this template. --> {{Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress/Bot}} === User-reported === 1dmgp8x4m1aucd2en3qexrsxff2u9a8 4 1913 10882354 10877817 2026-06-09T14:34:50Z Baangla 1688167 /* Deletion request for Henry B. Eyring */ Reply 10882354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Daniel Coelho Gomes == {{DRV|Daniel Coelho Gomes}} I am respectfully asking for a review of the deletion of the article [[Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|Daniel Coelho Gomes]], which was deleted on 14 July 2025. I believe the deletion was based on a procedural misinterpretation of consensus. The administrator's reason for deletion was that the only "keep" vote came from the article's creator. This contradicts Wikipedia's core principle that consensus is determined by the strength of arguments, not by vote counts or contributor roles ([[Wikipedia:Consensus]]). I'm asking for the article to be undeleted because Daniel Gomes is a notable person, as shown by these facts: * He founded a major national project. Daniel Gomes started Arquivo.pt, Portugal's national web archive. This is a significant public project that has preserved over 1 petabyte of data and has won national awards, like the Digital Transformation Award 2024. * His work is widely used. Arquivo.pt is actively used in Wikipedia articles across multiple languages to preserve references, directly supporting Wikipedia's mission of verifiability and knowledge preservation. * He is a recognized expert: ** He is a PhD-holding researcher who co-edited a scholarly book, "The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives" (Springer, 2021). ** He has been interviewed by major media outlets in Portugal and abroad, such as Público, Diário de Notícias, and Hoje Macau, where he is presented as an expert on digital preservation. ** He has also received important academic awards, including the Best Young Researcher Award at a major European conference. ** He is active in public life. Beyond his technical work, he founded the TaraRecuperável.org movement for environmental causes and has participated in parliamentary hearings and public events about this topic. The [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|deletion discussion]] did not properly consider this evidence. The decision to delete was based on who made the "keep" argument, not on the many reliable sources that were provided to prove his notability. I respectfully request that the article be restored, given the clear evidence of notability and the procedural issue in the original closure. Alternatively, I ask that the discussion be relisted so that arguments can be evaluated on their merits, in line with Wikipedia policy. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 13:37, 8 August 2025 (UTC) *'''overturn deletion''' seems to pass notability for founding the national archive of Portugal and on the overall renown of his contributions to the profession '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:04, 7 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Endorse deletion''' None of this changes the reasons why the article was deleted - interviews don't show notability, and being a researcher with a PhD doesn't make you notable either. The awards and coverage surrounding it could bring some notability to the table but you are still lacking any references that count towards GNG. The sources all focused in on the website and this article is not about the website, it is about Gomes. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 17:48, 4 January 2026 (UTC) *:Note: As Ferien was the original nominator, I would like to address their concerns by clarifying how the provided evidence meets the General Notability Guideline (GNG) and Academic Notability (biog), which may have been overlooked in the initial discussion. *:The argument for restoration is based on a sustained pattern of significant coverage across multiple fields (academic, public policy and environmental advocacy) over nearly 20 years. *:1. Evidence of individual expertise (beyond a single project) *:The subject is consistently sought out as an independent expert. The following sources focus on his expertise rather than just the organization he leads: *:* Early Career & Specialist Profiles: National coverage in Público (2006 Front Page) (https://www.publico.pt/jornal?date=20061128) regarding his project Tomba; specialized analysis of the scale of online content in Público (https://static.publico.pt/docs/suplementos/digital.pdf). *:* International Expert Commentary: Articles in Brazil's Observatório da Imprensa on digital memory and vanishing information (https://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/e-noticias/site-arqueologico/) and long-form articles on digital memory and the societal role of archives in Shifter (https://shifter.pt/2021/05/arquivos-digitais-revista/) and Gerador (https://gerador.eu/arquivos-de-media/apesar-dos-esforcos-arquivos-digitais-ainda-deixam-margem-para-duvidas/). *:* Global Academic Recognition: Invited specialist at the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) to discuss the future of digital preservation in museums (https://www.gov.br/ibict/pt-br/central-de-conteudos/noticias/2025/junho/vii-sinpred-reune-especialistas-internacionais-em-fortaleza-para-debater-futuro-da-preservacao-digital-em-museus). *:2. Meeting academic notability criteria *:The subject satisfies the "Notability (people) #Academics" (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#Academics ) criteria through leadership and widely used work: *:* Scholarly Leadership: Co-editor of the Springer volume The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives (2021) (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-63291-5), discussed in international forums like the ANAMED Library (Koç University) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oekXuXMGXyE). *:* Educational Impact: Launched the first free Portuguese-language MOOC on web archiving via NAU (https://www.nau.edu.pt/pt/programas/a-web-do-passado-preservacao-e-pesquisa/). *:3. Independent public advocacy (environmental) *:To address the "one-event" concern, the subject has significant, unrelated notability in environmental policy: *:* National Media: Coverage in Jornal de Notícias (https://www.jn.pt/sociedade/artigo/projeto-portugues-quer-trocar-garrafas-vazias-por-dinheiro/3246097) for the TaraRecuperavel.org movement. *:* Legislative Impact: Participated as a technical expert in a parliamentary hearing at the Portuguese Parliament (https://www.canal.parlamento.pt/cid/3627/audicao-conjunta-sobre-descartaveis-em-plastico-com-associacoes-ambie) regarding deposit-refund legislation. *:4. International utility and procedural merit *:The global impact of his work is evidenced by its active use across multiple Wikipedia editions to preserve references that no longer exist online. Examples include: *:* https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_L_Word *:* https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Kirkland *:* https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminet *:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Synck *:* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movierung *:* https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Davenport_(inventore) *:The original deletion was based on the "role" of the creator rather than the strength of these arguments. Given this breadth of independent, reliable sources, I respectfully request that the article be restored or the discussion relisted. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 18:45, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Flirt4free == {{DRV|Flirt4free }} I am requesting the restoration of the article '''Flirt4free''' .The subject has been covered by news outlets, industry publications, and legal/technical authorities, providing in-depth, independent references beyond passing mentions. Also it has many awards as like as its competitors. The platform has existed since '''1996'''.[https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com] It is one of the oldest platform in this category. In the deleted article draft I mentioned the awards received by this platform from [[:en:XBIZ|XBIZ]], YNOT, [[:en:Cybersocket, Inc.|Cybersocket]], and [[:en:Grabby Awards|the Grabby Awards]] over the years. After the article got deleted, I researched bout it more and got many more coverages of the subject and coverages of its events. The article was deleted by an RFD which I believe was not satisfactory. It had only two comments, one from me and other from an SPA. [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free|Link here]] Below is a categorized list of some of the sources. Which can be used to improve the article. === Legal & Institutional Documentation === * [https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/text/2019/d2019-0015.html WIPO Arbitration Decision] – International legal proceedings referencing the brand. === News & Technology Coverage === * [https://brewminate.com/the-psychology-of-flirtation-understanding-human-behavior-on-flirt4free/ Brewminate: The Psychology of Flirtation on Flirt4Free] * [https://chicagoreader.com/adult/flirt4free-review/ Chicago Reader: Flirt4Free review] * [https://wehoonline.com/live-porn-website-owner-donates-gay-com-la-lgbt-center/ WeHoOnline: Donation of Gay.com Domain] * [https://www.engadget.com/2018-07-02-flirt4free-teledildonics-long-distance-sex.html Engadget: Teledildonics and long-distance technology on Flirt4Free] === Industry & Business Recognition === * [https://www.xbiz.com/news/208655/flirt4free-celebrates-20-year-anniversary XBIZ: 20-Year Anniversary Celebration] – Coverage of two decades of industry presence. * [https://avn.com/news/video/flirt4free-flirt-summit-2020-will-celebrate-its-tenth-anniversary-169380 AVN: Flirt4Free Summit] – Reporting on corporate milestones. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-acquires-camstercom-nakedcom-and-camdollscom-167967 AVN: Acquisitions] – Coverage of corporate growth and expansion. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-launches-text-messaging-platform-flirtsms-164268 AVN: Platform Innovations] – Coverage of new technology features. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-adds-instant-payout-option-for-us-models/ YNOT: Instant Payout Options] – Reporting on platform upgrades for models. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-backing-pineapple-support/ YNOT: Charitable Support] – Coverage of the company’s philanthropic activities. === Supporting Sources & Reviews === Additional independent reviews and commentary: * [https://www.truewin.international/flirt4free-evaluation/ TrueWin International Review] * [https://cammodelagency.com/bg/flirt4free-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4/ Cam Model Agency Review] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org] '''Some other sources:''' * [https://woteyouthdevelopment.org/2020/07/04/flirt4free-review-how-can-you-be-a-little-more-confident-on-line/ Wote Youth Development review] * [https://www.cam-space.net/flirt4free/ Cam-Space review] * [https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com Gridinsoft URL scan] * [https://gss.aero/2022/12/27/just-what-are-flirt4free-credits-what-are-they/ GSS.aero credits explanation] * [https://slither-io.com/flirt4free/ Slither.io link] * [https://www.semrush.com/website/flirt4free.com/overview/?msockid=2e37cb0a86476ad90075c40487cc6bbd SEMrush website overview] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org review] * [https://hogartop.net/flirt4free-reviews/ Hogartop review] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 18:47, 13 September 2025 (UTC) :For reference, here is the RFD discussion: [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free]]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 22:49, 13 September 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. But I have already added the RFD discussion link in the request. Please kindly check the request. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 03:39, 14 September 2025 (UTC) :::Ping to @[[User:Ternera|Ternera]] and @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]. It has been more than 14 days. I would really appreciate your comments about this matter. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:35, 29 September 2025 (UTC) ::::I've no comments to make '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:56, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], Should I post it again? Or would you mind restoring it. I can improve the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:33, 4 November 2025 (UTC) ::::::I'd suggest creating it in your user space and then asking for reviews on [[WP:ST]] '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:09, 4 November 2025 (UTC) :::::::May I get the previous article that I posted? @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:36, 1 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I have restored it to [[User:Dysonneons/Flirt4Free]]. I'll give you a week to improve it and get reviews. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 06:08, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Thanks. will be updating it soon. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 17:47, 10 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]], did you ask for reviews on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]] as fr33kman requested you do before it get moved into article main space? The request was not to ask on the draft talk page in your article space that nobody would have known about, but on the Simple Talk page that actually has people watching it. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 17:53, 4 January 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], My apologies. I misunderstood Fr33kman. I will immediately post it for review on the Simple Talk. I respect the community's process. And very sorry for this late, I was not online. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 07:23, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Hi, @[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], I have successfully added a request [[Wikipedia:Simple talk#Review Flirt4Free|here]]. Please take a look and add your valuable suggestions or, please review the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch == {{DRV|Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch}} Hello, I would like to request undeletion of the article Neeru Yadav (Hockeywali Sarpanch). The subject is notable as she is recognized as the first female sarpanch of Lambi Ahir village in Rajasthan and has been widely covered in independent and reliable media sources for her initiatives in promoting girls' hockey and rural development. At the time of deletion, the article may not have demonstrated sufficient independent reliable sources. However, I have now gathered multiple references from national and regional newspapers, including [insert references here: The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times, etc.], which establish significant coverage and meet Wikipedia’s notability guidelines for biographies. I request administrators to kindly restore the deleted draft to my userspace so that I can work on improving it with proper citations and neutral encyclopedic tone, in line with Wikipedia policies. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Sweta201500487|Sweta201500487]] ([[User talk:Sweta201500487|talk]]) 10:36, 20 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Send to RfD''' There are actually some claims of notability here but I don't think there is sufficient coverage for an article. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 12:30, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == Jeanne Bender == {{DRV|Jeanne Bender}} Hello, I am requesting the undeletion of the article Jeanne Bender so that it can be moved back into the article space. If the consensus is that the notability guidelines are not yet fully met, I would like the article to be restored to my userspace or sandbox so I can rework it to meet Simple English Wikipedia’s standards. I believe the subject meets notability guidelines because: Jeanne Bender is an award-winning American children’s author with international recognition. Her Lindie Lou Adventure Series has been featured in major media outlets including Forbes México, Woman’s World, and Kirkus Reviews. Her works have been recognized by educational associations such as the New Zealand Literacy Association and have won Mom’s Choice Gold Awards. Maintaining a neutral, encyclopedic tone. Using clear and simple language suitable for Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you for your time and consideration. [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:22, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :The “Mom’s Choice Awards” is a website where you pay an application fee, send them your product/book, and they promote it on their site. It’s not a notable award. Name notable awards she has won, please. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:31, 9 October 2025 (UTC) ::Alright I will do [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::What about these :::== Awards and recognition == :::Bender’s ''Lindie Lou Adventure Series'' has received recognition from independent educational and literary organizations: :::* Several books in the series, including ''Flying High'', ''Big City Magic'', and ''Island Treasure'', have been reviewed by ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'', which praised the stories for their engaging narratives and social–emotional themes.<ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/lindie-lou-adventure-series-flying-high-book-1/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Flying High'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/97748835/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Big City Magic'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/island-treasure-bender/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Island Treasure'']</ref> :::* In 2023, ''Island Treasure'' was selected by the [[New Zealand Literacy Association]] (NZLA) for the organization’s annual conference book launch, highlighting its use in literacy education.<ref>[https://lindielou.us/about-the-author.html Lindie Lou – About the Author]</ref> :::* ''Language Magazine'' published an article titled “Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou,” describing how the series is used by teachers, librarians, and reading specialists to support literacy and English as a Second Language programs.<ref>[https://www.languagemagazine.com/2019/09/11/bridging-the-gap-with-lindie-lou/ Language Magazine – Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou]</ref> :::[[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 03:01, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :Please see the AFD on enwiki - [[w:Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jeanne_Bender]] as it has some good analysis into the sources mentioned here. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 18:42, 15 November 2025 (UTC) {{reflist-talk}} == List of Paramount Skydance television programs == * {{DRV|List of Paramount Skydance television programs}} This was as an attributed copy of an English Wikipedia page that was deleted for not being simple enough. As it is mainly a list, I believe I can pretty quickly address the problematic language. I had gone through it and it had already seemed pretty simple, but I guess I had missed some things which is why I hadn't added the simplifying tag. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 11:19, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Could this be restored either in the article space or draft space so I could simplify it? [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 18:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]], if it's just copied from the en wiki article, why not copy it again but in your user space ([[User:Newsjunkie/List of Paramount Skydance television programs]]), disable the categories, simplify it and then ask about moving it to article space once it's been fully simplified? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:15, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::Ok, the specific problematic wording mentioned in this case was "inherited" and "distributor". Is it correct that both these terms are considered too complex or does it depend on context? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paramount_Skydance_television_programs I had also linked the term subsidiary. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:20, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::The [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] page has some useful resources, and in the Other websites section there are some online tools that can be helpful. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:30, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I saw those terms used on some other pages here, especially the second one, so that's why I was wondering. [[Warner Bros. Pictures Animation]] [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:32, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I see that you have brought it over again. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Paramount%2B_original_programming&diff=10736327&oldid=10736114 The changes you have made] are minimal. My suggestion is to put it into your userspace and work on it rather than the article space. In its current state, it should be deleted again as A3. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:37, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::That's a different page actually, and I actually made a few other changes already before putting in, like changing commissioned to ordered, affiliates to local television stations. There is only very limited descriptive text in that article to start with. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 02:59, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Also in terms of the wording you mentioned on the original page, both the related terms distribution and inheritance are on the combined word list at least, so I'm a bit confused how much more simple those should be [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 03:27, 2 February 2026 (UTC) == Sachin Lokapure == Sachin Lokapure page i created with notable reliable source with present on google with some data of patent and news report and his book publication, he also invented revolutionary motiloscope device that why his name quite femus in field of microscopy device [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 17:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :The article has not yet been deleted. It is tagged for deletion as not demonstrating notability, but also being AI-generated. What are the best sources you have that prove he is notable? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:18, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::Find the exact Marathi news URLs (Esakal / ETV Bharat) for citation. ::Locate the specific Indian Patent Office journal entries with Lokapure’s patents [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:23, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::remove tag quick deletion [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:25, 1 February 2026 (UTC) == Quinten Delaere == {{DRV|Quinten Delaere}} Hi @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], I noticed you deleted the page "Quinten Delaere" under criteria G4 (repost of deleted content). I would like to politely request a review of this decision. The previous version was deleted via RfD because the subject was considered only notable for a single event (gaming record). This new version was substantially different. I added new, reliable sources (newspaper Krant van West-Vlaanderen) verifying a separate career as a television actor in Belgium (series Thuis). This directly addressed the concern of the previous deletion by proving notability beyond the single gaming event. Because this draft contained significant new evidence regarding a different career, I believe G4 does not apply here. Could you please reconsider or restore it to userspace so I can improve it further? Thank you, [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :'''Note''' - This subject is being spammed at multiple wikis various multiple accounts. This seems to be the latest attempt. :This is the additional information that was added "Delaere is an actor in the Belgian media. According to the newspaper ''[[Krant van West-Vlaanderen]]'' (KW), he has played a role in the television series ''[[Thuis]]''.<ref name="kw">{{Cite web |last=KW |first=Redactie |date=2025-12-30 |title=Quinten (18) uit Meulebeke verslaat hackers en krijgt erkenning |url=https://kw.be/nieuws/samenleving/quinten-18-uit-meulebeke-verslaat-hackers-en-krijgt-erkenning-ik-wist-dagenlang-niet-of-mijn-dossier-genegeerd-werd-of-serieus-werd-genomen/ |work=KW.be |language=nl-BE |access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref> This series is shown on the channel [[VRT (broadcaster)|VRT]]." :I don't see additional notability provided here. :{{reflist-talk}} [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:02, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :Sorry. I did not know this subject was being spammed at multiple wikis. I'm personally from Belgian and I tought it would be nice to add a fellow belgian to wikipedia. I did not know this was against the rules. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:09, 4 February 2026 (UTC) ::For actors, notability just for acting usually requires multiple significant roles in notable productions - see [[w:WP:NACTOR]]. Minor / short duration parts don't help show notability. I see there's a draft that's being worked at on en wiki - might I suggest pausing here until that process finishes? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:22, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you for the explanation regarding WP:NACTOR and the constructive advice. I will follow your suggestion to pause here and await the outcome of the review process on the English Wikipedia draft. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:27, 4 February 2026 (UTC) == Nida Khan == * {{DRV|Nida Khan}} I created a page about [[Nida Khan]] using a reliable source for every sentence (based on facts) but it has been deleted. Please restore it. Thanks.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:26, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :She is a notable person who has been in the news.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:28, 10 May 2026 (UTC) ::She is as famous as [[Osama bin Laden]] in India.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:48, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::{{re|Eptalon}} Can you help please?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 23:24, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nida_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1|According to the page itself] it was deleted as an attack page. Only sysops can see the deleted page, so no way to really know for sure. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:27, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :I had stated the facts based on the news reports about her, using a reliable source for every sentence. If the page about [[Osama bin Laden]] is not being deleted despite being an attack piece, I don't see why this page about this equally famous lady (at least in India, she is) should be deleted.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 00:03, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::Trying to compare this person to bin Laden is beyond ludicrous. This is a non-public person who has not been convicted of anything. Yes, it was an attack piece as you wrote it. Do not restore. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:17, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::Also, read [[w:WP:BLPCRIME]] and especially "For individuals who are not public figures—that is, individuals not covered by § Public figures—editors must seriously consider not including material in any article that suggests the person has committed, is suspected of, is a person of interest in, or is accused of having committed a crime, unless a conviction has been secured for that crime." Wikipedia articles are NOT the place to air grievances like this ([[w:WP:RIGHTWRONGS]]). Poorly written attack articles like this one have zero place on any Wikipedia site. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::{{re|Ravensfire}} So is it necessary that a person is convicted before a page is created about them if we want to mention what they have done?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:36, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Can I create a page about an unconvicted gunned down terrorist ?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:41, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::You can create a page about the attack, if that has sufficient notability. Read the page I linked to. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:23, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Hello all, the deleted page contained different allegations, many backed by sources. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 05:44, 19 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::They are backed with sources, but this is someone that's not a public figure, is not convicted of anything - there should not be a stand-alone article about this person. That's contrary to [[WP:BLP]]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:41, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion''' - Reads like an attack page, even if sourced. Like Ravensfire has said, this appears to be BLPCRIME situation. She's not a notable individual and basically every sentence in here is an accusation of some kind. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC) == Deletion request for [[Henry_B._Eyring]] == I nominated an [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2026/Henry_B._Eyring#|article for deletion], the result was keep. I'm asking that this be reviewed because [[Wikipedia:Notability| according to the guidelines regarding nobility]], it states "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources '''that are independent of the subject''', it is presumed to be notable." There are no sources on [[Henry_B._Eyring]] that '''are''' independant of his church, therefore, this article fails notability and therefore should not have been kept. There are no arguments that show , by policy, that this article should be kept, all the arguments are the same "He's notable within the church....". As no independant notability exists, per the Notability guideline, this article shouldn't be here, regardless of whether or not it exists on anyother wiki, per [[WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS]]. I'm requesting a review of the keep decision. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:06, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :* (involved) '''Endorse''' closure - @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] assessed consensus correctly. This is not intended as a venue to relitigate discussions, but if you want a policy argument, check out [[WP:ANYBIO]] #2. Combine his publications, speeches, and power in the church, and you have someone with significant contributions to their field. Although not cited directly, I suspect this was the basis for the keep votes (it was for mine). I did not just mention the fact that the enwiki article exits, but I pointed you specifically to its sources. Notability is not an attribute of an article but of its subject, so a topic can be notable even if the article is not well sourced. Conversely, a perfectly written article with dozens of sources could be about a topic that is not notable and therefore deleted. Even if you don't accept all of that, I hope you recognize that there was certainly not consensus to delete. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 21:04, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::: All published by his church, and therefore '''not''' independent of the subject as is required by WP:NOTABILITY. Talking about what's on en.wikipedia is essentially an WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS argument and again, doesn't satisfy the notability requirement. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 02:40, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Bumped to keep relevant and away from the archive ::::<span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:46, 23 May 2026 (UTC) *'''Endorse''' closure. The article isn't the best we have, however, the person appears seems to be notable from what I can see. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:44, 27 May 2026 (UTC) :*I endorse the closure. C&W did the right thing. The article is in very poor shape however so I can see why it was nominated for deletion. : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:46, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::The English Wikipedia has an article on him. As an involved editor, I can make some time to copy the English Wikipedia article and simplify the English used for our page about him. Do I have permission to do so or are you all hell bent on deleting that Simple Wikipedia page about him?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 7lrblkw5whhmdeo8n7i1xc8riam2en2 10882772 10882354 2026-06-10T00:26:55Z Garsh2 1475106 /* Deletion request for Henry B. Eyring */ Reply 10882772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Daniel Coelho Gomes == {{DRV|Daniel Coelho Gomes}} I am respectfully asking for a review of the deletion of the article [[Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|Daniel Coelho Gomes]], which was deleted on 14 July 2025. I believe the deletion was based on a procedural misinterpretation of consensus. The administrator's reason for deletion was that the only "keep" vote came from the article's creator. This contradicts Wikipedia's core principle that consensus is determined by the strength of arguments, not by vote counts or contributor roles ([[Wikipedia:Consensus]]). I'm asking for the article to be undeleted because Daniel Gomes is a notable person, as shown by these facts: * He founded a major national project. Daniel Gomes started Arquivo.pt, Portugal's national web archive. This is a significant public project that has preserved over 1 petabyte of data and has won national awards, like the Digital Transformation Award 2024. * His work is widely used. Arquivo.pt is actively used in Wikipedia articles across multiple languages to preserve references, directly supporting Wikipedia's mission of verifiability and knowledge preservation. * He is a recognized expert: ** He is a PhD-holding researcher who co-edited a scholarly book, "The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives" (Springer, 2021). ** He has been interviewed by major media outlets in Portugal and abroad, such as Público, Diário de Notícias, and Hoje Macau, where he is presented as an expert on digital preservation. ** He has also received important academic awards, including the Best Young Researcher Award at a major European conference. ** He is active in public life. Beyond his technical work, he founded the TaraRecuperável.org movement for environmental causes and has participated in parliamentary hearings and public events about this topic. The [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|deletion discussion]] did not properly consider this evidence. The decision to delete was based on who made the "keep" argument, not on the many reliable sources that were provided to prove his notability. I respectfully request that the article be restored, given the clear evidence of notability and the procedural issue in the original closure. Alternatively, I ask that the discussion be relisted so that arguments can be evaluated on their merits, in line with Wikipedia policy. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 13:37, 8 August 2025 (UTC) *'''overturn deletion''' seems to pass notability for founding the national archive of Portugal and on the overall renown of his contributions to the profession '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:04, 7 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Endorse deletion''' None of this changes the reasons why the article was deleted - interviews don't show notability, and being a researcher with a PhD doesn't make you notable either. The awards and coverage surrounding it could bring some notability to the table but you are still lacking any references that count towards GNG. The sources all focused in on the website and this article is not about the website, it is about Gomes. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 17:48, 4 January 2026 (UTC) *:Note: As Ferien was the original nominator, I would like to address their concerns by clarifying how the provided evidence meets the General Notability Guideline (GNG) and Academic Notability (biog), which may have been overlooked in the initial discussion. *:The argument for restoration is based on a sustained pattern of significant coverage across multiple fields (academic, public policy and environmental advocacy) over nearly 20 years. *:1. Evidence of individual expertise (beyond a single project) *:The subject is consistently sought out as an independent expert. The following sources focus on his expertise rather than just the organization he leads: *:* Early Career & Specialist Profiles: National coverage in Público (2006 Front Page) (https://www.publico.pt/jornal?date=20061128) regarding his project Tomba; specialized analysis of the scale of online content in Público (https://static.publico.pt/docs/suplementos/digital.pdf). *:* International Expert Commentary: Articles in Brazil's Observatório da Imprensa on digital memory and vanishing information (https://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/e-noticias/site-arqueologico/) and long-form articles on digital memory and the societal role of archives in Shifter (https://shifter.pt/2021/05/arquivos-digitais-revista/) and Gerador (https://gerador.eu/arquivos-de-media/apesar-dos-esforcos-arquivos-digitais-ainda-deixam-margem-para-duvidas/). *:* Global Academic Recognition: Invited specialist at the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) to discuss the future of digital preservation in museums (https://www.gov.br/ibict/pt-br/central-de-conteudos/noticias/2025/junho/vii-sinpred-reune-especialistas-internacionais-em-fortaleza-para-debater-futuro-da-preservacao-digital-em-museus). *:2. Meeting academic notability criteria *:The subject satisfies the "Notability (people) #Academics" (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#Academics ) criteria through leadership and widely used work: *:* Scholarly Leadership: Co-editor of the Springer volume The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives (2021) (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-63291-5), discussed in international forums like the ANAMED Library (Koç University) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oekXuXMGXyE). *:* Educational Impact: Launched the first free Portuguese-language MOOC on web archiving via NAU (https://www.nau.edu.pt/pt/programas/a-web-do-passado-preservacao-e-pesquisa/). *:3. Independent public advocacy (environmental) *:To address the "one-event" concern, the subject has significant, unrelated notability in environmental policy: *:* National Media: Coverage in Jornal de Notícias (https://www.jn.pt/sociedade/artigo/projeto-portugues-quer-trocar-garrafas-vazias-por-dinheiro/3246097) for the TaraRecuperavel.org movement. *:* Legislative Impact: Participated as a technical expert in a parliamentary hearing at the Portuguese Parliament (https://www.canal.parlamento.pt/cid/3627/audicao-conjunta-sobre-descartaveis-em-plastico-com-associacoes-ambie) regarding deposit-refund legislation. *:4. International utility and procedural merit *:The global impact of his work is evidenced by its active use across multiple Wikipedia editions to preserve references that no longer exist online. Examples include: *:* https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_L_Word *:* https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Kirkland *:* https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminet *:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Synck *:* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movierung *:* https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Davenport_(inventore) *:The original deletion was based on the "role" of the creator rather than the strength of these arguments. Given this breadth of independent, reliable sources, I respectfully request that the article be restored or the discussion relisted. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 18:45, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Flirt4free == {{DRV|Flirt4free }} I am requesting the restoration of the article '''Flirt4free''' .The subject has been covered by news outlets, industry publications, and legal/technical authorities, providing in-depth, independent references beyond passing mentions. Also it has many awards as like as its competitors. The platform has existed since '''1996'''.[https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com] It is one of the oldest platform in this category. In the deleted article draft I mentioned the awards received by this platform from [[:en:XBIZ|XBIZ]], YNOT, [[:en:Cybersocket, Inc.|Cybersocket]], and [[:en:Grabby Awards|the Grabby Awards]] over the years. After the article got deleted, I researched bout it more and got many more coverages of the subject and coverages of its events. The article was deleted by an RFD which I believe was not satisfactory. It had only two comments, one from me and other from an SPA. [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free|Link here]] Below is a categorized list of some of the sources. Which can be used to improve the article. === Legal & Institutional Documentation === * [https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/text/2019/d2019-0015.html WIPO Arbitration Decision] – International legal proceedings referencing the brand. === News & Technology Coverage === * [https://brewminate.com/the-psychology-of-flirtation-understanding-human-behavior-on-flirt4free/ Brewminate: The Psychology of Flirtation on Flirt4Free] * [https://chicagoreader.com/adult/flirt4free-review/ Chicago Reader: Flirt4Free review] * [https://wehoonline.com/live-porn-website-owner-donates-gay-com-la-lgbt-center/ WeHoOnline: Donation of Gay.com Domain] * [https://www.engadget.com/2018-07-02-flirt4free-teledildonics-long-distance-sex.html Engadget: Teledildonics and long-distance technology on Flirt4Free] === Industry & Business Recognition === * [https://www.xbiz.com/news/208655/flirt4free-celebrates-20-year-anniversary XBIZ: 20-Year Anniversary Celebration] – Coverage of two decades of industry presence. * [https://avn.com/news/video/flirt4free-flirt-summit-2020-will-celebrate-its-tenth-anniversary-169380 AVN: Flirt4Free Summit] – Reporting on corporate milestones. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-acquires-camstercom-nakedcom-and-camdollscom-167967 AVN: Acquisitions] – Coverage of corporate growth and expansion. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-launches-text-messaging-platform-flirtsms-164268 AVN: Platform Innovations] – Coverage of new technology features. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-adds-instant-payout-option-for-us-models/ YNOT: Instant Payout Options] – Reporting on platform upgrades for models. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-backing-pineapple-support/ YNOT: Charitable Support] – Coverage of the company’s philanthropic activities. === Supporting Sources & Reviews === Additional independent reviews and commentary: * [https://www.truewin.international/flirt4free-evaluation/ TrueWin International Review] * [https://cammodelagency.com/bg/flirt4free-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4/ Cam Model Agency Review] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org] '''Some other sources:''' * [https://woteyouthdevelopment.org/2020/07/04/flirt4free-review-how-can-you-be-a-little-more-confident-on-line/ Wote Youth Development review] * [https://www.cam-space.net/flirt4free/ Cam-Space review] * [https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com Gridinsoft URL scan] * [https://gss.aero/2022/12/27/just-what-are-flirt4free-credits-what-are-they/ GSS.aero credits explanation] * [https://slither-io.com/flirt4free/ Slither.io link] * [https://www.semrush.com/website/flirt4free.com/overview/?msockid=2e37cb0a86476ad90075c40487cc6bbd SEMrush website overview] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org review] * [https://hogartop.net/flirt4free-reviews/ Hogartop review] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 18:47, 13 September 2025 (UTC) :For reference, here is the RFD discussion: [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free]]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 22:49, 13 September 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. But I have already added the RFD discussion link in the request. Please kindly check the request. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 03:39, 14 September 2025 (UTC) :::Ping to @[[User:Ternera|Ternera]] and @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]. It has been more than 14 days. I would really appreciate your comments about this matter. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:35, 29 September 2025 (UTC) ::::I've no comments to make '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:56, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], Should I post it again? Or would you mind restoring it. I can improve the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:33, 4 November 2025 (UTC) ::::::I'd suggest creating it in your user space and then asking for reviews on [[WP:ST]] '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:09, 4 November 2025 (UTC) :::::::May I get the previous article that I posted? @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:36, 1 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I have restored it to [[User:Dysonneons/Flirt4Free]]. I'll give you a week to improve it and get reviews. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 06:08, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Thanks. will be updating it soon. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 17:47, 10 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]], did you ask for reviews on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]] as fr33kman requested you do before it get moved into article main space? The request was not to ask on the draft talk page in your article space that nobody would have known about, but on the Simple Talk page that actually has people watching it. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 17:53, 4 January 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], My apologies. I misunderstood Fr33kman. I will immediately post it for review on the Simple Talk. I respect the community's process. And very sorry for this late, I was not online. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 07:23, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Hi, @[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], I have successfully added a request [[Wikipedia:Simple talk#Review Flirt4Free|here]]. Please take a look and add your valuable suggestions or, please review the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch == {{DRV|Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch}} Hello, I would like to request undeletion of the article Neeru Yadav (Hockeywali Sarpanch). The subject is notable as she is recognized as the first female sarpanch of Lambi Ahir village in Rajasthan and has been widely covered in independent and reliable media sources for her initiatives in promoting girls' hockey and rural development. At the time of deletion, the article may not have demonstrated sufficient independent reliable sources. However, I have now gathered multiple references from national and regional newspapers, including [insert references here: The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times, etc.], which establish significant coverage and meet Wikipedia’s notability guidelines for biographies. I request administrators to kindly restore the deleted draft to my userspace so that I can work on improving it with proper citations and neutral encyclopedic tone, in line with Wikipedia policies. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Sweta201500487|Sweta201500487]] ([[User talk:Sweta201500487|talk]]) 10:36, 20 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Send to RfD''' There are actually some claims of notability here but I don't think there is sufficient coverage for an article. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 12:30, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == Jeanne Bender == {{DRV|Jeanne Bender}} Hello, I am requesting the undeletion of the article Jeanne Bender so that it can be moved back into the article space. If the consensus is that the notability guidelines are not yet fully met, I would like the article to be restored to my userspace or sandbox so I can rework it to meet Simple English Wikipedia’s standards. I believe the subject meets notability guidelines because: Jeanne Bender is an award-winning American children’s author with international recognition. Her Lindie Lou Adventure Series has been featured in major media outlets including Forbes México, Woman’s World, and Kirkus Reviews. Her works have been recognized by educational associations such as the New Zealand Literacy Association and have won Mom’s Choice Gold Awards. Maintaining a neutral, encyclopedic tone. Using clear and simple language suitable for Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you for your time and consideration. [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:22, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :The “Mom’s Choice Awards” is a website where you pay an application fee, send them your product/book, and they promote it on their site. It’s not a notable award. Name notable awards she has won, please. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:31, 9 October 2025 (UTC) ::Alright I will do [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::What about these :::== Awards and recognition == :::Bender’s ''Lindie Lou Adventure Series'' has received recognition from independent educational and literary organizations: :::* Several books in the series, including ''Flying High'', ''Big City Magic'', and ''Island Treasure'', have been reviewed by ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'', which praised the stories for their engaging narratives and social–emotional themes.<ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/lindie-lou-adventure-series-flying-high-book-1/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Flying High'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/97748835/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Big City Magic'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/island-treasure-bender/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Island Treasure'']</ref> :::* In 2023, ''Island Treasure'' was selected by the [[New Zealand Literacy Association]] (NZLA) for the organization’s annual conference book launch, highlighting its use in literacy education.<ref>[https://lindielou.us/about-the-author.html Lindie Lou – About the Author]</ref> :::* ''Language Magazine'' published an article titled “Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou,” describing how the series is used by teachers, librarians, and reading specialists to support literacy and English as a Second Language programs.<ref>[https://www.languagemagazine.com/2019/09/11/bridging-the-gap-with-lindie-lou/ Language Magazine – Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou]</ref> :::[[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 03:01, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :Please see the AFD on enwiki - [[w:Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jeanne_Bender]] as it has some good analysis into the sources mentioned here. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 18:42, 15 November 2025 (UTC) {{reflist-talk}} == List of Paramount Skydance television programs == * {{DRV|List of Paramount Skydance television programs}} This was as an attributed copy of an English Wikipedia page that was deleted for not being simple enough. As it is mainly a list, I believe I can pretty quickly address the problematic language. I had gone through it and it had already seemed pretty simple, but I guess I had missed some things which is why I hadn't added the simplifying tag. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 11:19, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Could this be restored either in the article space or draft space so I could simplify it? [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 18:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]], if it's just copied from the en wiki article, why not copy it again but in your user space ([[User:Newsjunkie/List of Paramount Skydance television programs]]), disable the categories, simplify it and then ask about moving it to article space once it's been fully simplified? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:15, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::Ok, the specific problematic wording mentioned in this case was "inherited" and "distributor". Is it correct that both these terms are considered too complex or does it depend on context? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paramount_Skydance_television_programs I had also linked the term subsidiary. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:20, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::The [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] page has some useful resources, and in the Other websites section there are some online tools that can be helpful. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:30, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I saw those terms used on some other pages here, especially the second one, so that's why I was wondering. [[Warner Bros. Pictures Animation]] [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:32, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I see that you have brought it over again. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Paramount%2B_original_programming&diff=10736327&oldid=10736114 The changes you have made] are minimal. My suggestion is to put it into your userspace and work on it rather than the article space. In its current state, it should be deleted again as A3. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:37, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::That's a different page actually, and I actually made a few other changes already before putting in, like changing commissioned to ordered, affiliates to local television stations. There is only very limited descriptive text in that article to start with. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 02:59, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Also in terms of the wording you mentioned on the original page, both the related terms distribution and inheritance are on the combined word list at least, so I'm a bit confused how much more simple those should be [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 03:27, 2 February 2026 (UTC) == Sachin Lokapure == Sachin Lokapure page i created with notable reliable source with present on google with some data of patent and news report and his book publication, he also invented revolutionary motiloscope device that why his name quite femus in field of microscopy device [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 17:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :The article has not yet been deleted. It is tagged for deletion as not demonstrating notability, but also being AI-generated. What are the best sources you have that prove he is notable? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:18, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::Find the exact Marathi news URLs (Esakal / ETV Bharat) for citation. ::Locate the specific Indian Patent Office journal entries with Lokapure’s patents [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:23, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::remove tag quick deletion [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:25, 1 February 2026 (UTC) == Quinten Delaere == {{DRV|Quinten Delaere}} Hi @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], I noticed you deleted the page "Quinten Delaere" under criteria G4 (repost of deleted content). I would like to politely request a review of this decision. The previous version was deleted via RfD because the subject was considered only notable for a single event (gaming record). This new version was substantially different. I added new, reliable sources (newspaper Krant van West-Vlaanderen) verifying a separate career as a television actor in Belgium (series Thuis). This directly addressed the concern of the previous deletion by proving notability beyond the single gaming event. Because this draft contained significant new evidence regarding a different career, I believe G4 does not apply here. Could you please reconsider or restore it to userspace so I can improve it further? Thank you, [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :'''Note''' - This subject is being spammed at multiple wikis various multiple accounts. This seems to be the latest attempt. :This is the additional information that was added "Delaere is an actor in the Belgian media. According to the newspaper ''[[Krant van West-Vlaanderen]]'' (KW), he has played a role in the television series ''[[Thuis]]''.<ref name="kw">{{Cite web |last=KW |first=Redactie |date=2025-12-30 |title=Quinten (18) uit Meulebeke verslaat hackers en krijgt erkenning |url=https://kw.be/nieuws/samenleving/quinten-18-uit-meulebeke-verslaat-hackers-en-krijgt-erkenning-ik-wist-dagenlang-niet-of-mijn-dossier-genegeerd-werd-of-serieus-werd-genomen/ |work=KW.be |language=nl-BE |access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref> This series is shown on the channel [[VRT (broadcaster)|VRT]]." :I don't see additional notability provided here. :{{reflist-talk}} [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:02, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :Sorry. I did not know this subject was being spammed at multiple wikis. I'm personally from Belgian and I tought it would be nice to add a fellow belgian to wikipedia. I did not know this was against the rules. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:09, 4 February 2026 (UTC) ::For actors, notability just for acting usually requires multiple significant roles in notable productions - see [[w:WP:NACTOR]]. Minor / short duration parts don't help show notability. I see there's a draft that's being worked at on en wiki - might I suggest pausing here until that process finishes? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:22, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you for the explanation regarding WP:NACTOR and the constructive advice. I will follow your suggestion to pause here and await the outcome of the review process on the English Wikipedia draft. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:27, 4 February 2026 (UTC) == Nida Khan == * {{DRV|Nida Khan}} I created a page about [[Nida Khan]] using a reliable source for every sentence (based on facts) but it has been deleted. Please restore it. Thanks.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:26, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :She is a notable person who has been in the news.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:28, 10 May 2026 (UTC) ::She is as famous as [[Osama bin Laden]] in India.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:48, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::{{re|Eptalon}} Can you help please?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 23:24, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nida_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1|According to the page itself] it was deleted as an attack page. Only sysops can see the deleted page, so no way to really know for sure. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:27, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :I had stated the facts based on the news reports about her, using a reliable source for every sentence. If the page about [[Osama bin Laden]] is not being deleted despite being an attack piece, I don't see why this page about this equally famous lady (at least in India, she is) should be deleted.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 00:03, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::Trying to compare this person to bin Laden is beyond ludicrous. This is a non-public person who has not been convicted of anything. Yes, it was an attack piece as you wrote it. Do not restore. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:17, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::Also, read [[w:WP:BLPCRIME]] and especially "For individuals who are not public figures—that is, individuals not covered by § Public figures—editors must seriously consider not including material in any article that suggests the person has committed, is suspected of, is a person of interest in, or is accused of having committed a crime, unless a conviction has been secured for that crime." Wikipedia articles are NOT the place to air grievances like this ([[w:WP:RIGHTWRONGS]]). Poorly written attack articles like this one have zero place on any Wikipedia site. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::{{re|Ravensfire}} So is it necessary that a person is convicted before a page is created about them if we want to mention what they have done?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:36, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Can I create a page about an unconvicted gunned down terrorist ?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:41, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::You can create a page about the attack, if that has sufficient notability. Read the page I linked to. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:23, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Hello all, the deleted page contained different allegations, many backed by sources. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 05:44, 19 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::They are backed with sources, but this is someone that's not a public figure, is not convicted of anything - there should not be a stand-alone article about this person. That's contrary to [[WP:BLP]]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:41, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion''' - Reads like an attack page, even if sourced. Like Ravensfire has said, this appears to be BLPCRIME situation. She's not a notable individual and basically every sentence in here is an accusation of some kind. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC) == Deletion request for [[Henry_B._Eyring]] == I nominated an [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2026/Henry_B._Eyring#|article for deletion], the result was keep. I'm asking that this be reviewed because [[Wikipedia:Notability| according to the guidelines regarding nobility]], it states "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources '''that are independent of the subject''', it is presumed to be notable." There are no sources on [[Henry_B._Eyring]] that '''are''' independant of his church, therefore, this article fails notability and therefore should not have been kept. There are no arguments that show , by policy, that this article should be kept, all the arguments are the same "He's notable within the church....". As no independant notability exists, per the Notability guideline, this article shouldn't be here, regardless of whether or not it exists on anyother wiki, per [[WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS]]. I'm requesting a review of the keep decision. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:06, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :* (involved) '''Endorse''' closure - @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] assessed consensus correctly. This is not intended as a venue to relitigate discussions, but if you want a policy argument, check out [[WP:ANYBIO]] #2. Combine his publications, speeches, and power in the church, and you have someone with significant contributions to their field. Although not cited directly, I suspect this was the basis for the keep votes (it was for mine). I did not just mention the fact that the enwiki article exits, but I pointed you specifically to its sources. Notability is not an attribute of an article but of its subject, so a topic can be notable even if the article is not well sourced. Conversely, a perfectly written article with dozens of sources could be about a topic that is not notable and therefore deleted. Even if you don't accept all of that, I hope you recognize that there was certainly not consensus to delete. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 21:04, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::: All published by his church, and therefore '''not''' independent of the subject as is required by WP:NOTABILITY. Talking about what's on en.wikipedia is essentially an WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS argument and again, doesn't satisfy the notability requirement. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 02:40, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Bumped to keep relevant and away from the archive ::::<span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:46, 23 May 2026 (UTC) *'''Endorse''' closure. The article isn't the best we have, however, the person appears seems to be notable from what I can see. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:44, 27 May 2026 (UTC) :*I endorse the closure. C&W did the right thing. The article is in very poor shape however so I can see why it was nominated for deletion. : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:46, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::The English Wikipedia has an article on him. As an involved editor, I can make some time to copy the English Wikipedia article and simplify the English used for our page about him. Do I have permission to do so or are you all hell bent on deleting that Simple Wikipedia page about him?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] you don’t need permission to do pretty much anything here. Sometimes you need consensus, but I wouldn’t say that’s the same thing. Also, we are not deleting the page, this discussion is pointing towards keeping the page. If you feel like improving the article, I think everyone would welcome that. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:26, 10 June 2026 (UTC) knk8vhpqrw7ns895cbyqb12vj8n9icf 10882836 10882772 2026-06-10T01:38:18Z Baangla 1688167 /* Deletion request for Henry B. Eyring */ Reply 10882836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Daniel Coelho Gomes == {{DRV|Daniel Coelho Gomes}} I am respectfully asking for a review of the deletion of the article [[Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|Daniel Coelho Gomes]], which was deleted on 14 July 2025. I believe the deletion was based on a procedural misinterpretation of consensus. The administrator's reason for deletion was that the only "keep" vote came from the article's creator. This contradicts Wikipedia's core principle that consensus is determined by the strength of arguments, not by vote counts or contributor roles ([[Wikipedia:Consensus]]). I'm asking for the article to be undeleted because Daniel Gomes is a notable person, as shown by these facts: * He founded a major national project. Daniel Gomes started Arquivo.pt, Portugal's national web archive. This is a significant public project that has preserved over 1 petabyte of data and has won national awards, like the Digital Transformation Award 2024. * His work is widely used. Arquivo.pt is actively used in Wikipedia articles across multiple languages to preserve references, directly supporting Wikipedia's mission of verifiability and knowledge preservation. * He is a recognized expert: ** He is a PhD-holding researcher who co-edited a scholarly book, "The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives" (Springer, 2021). ** He has been interviewed by major media outlets in Portugal and abroad, such as Público, Diário de Notícias, and Hoje Macau, where he is presented as an expert on digital preservation. ** He has also received important academic awards, including the Best Young Researcher Award at a major European conference. ** He is active in public life. Beyond his technical work, he founded the TaraRecuperável.org movement for environmental causes and has participated in parliamentary hearings and public events about this topic. The [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|deletion discussion]] did not properly consider this evidence. The decision to delete was based on who made the "keep" argument, not on the many reliable sources that were provided to prove his notability. I respectfully request that the article be restored, given the clear evidence of notability and the procedural issue in the original closure. Alternatively, I ask that the discussion be relisted so that arguments can be evaluated on their merits, in line with Wikipedia policy. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 13:37, 8 August 2025 (UTC) *'''overturn deletion''' seems to pass notability for founding the national archive of Portugal and on the overall renown of his contributions to the profession '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:04, 7 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Endorse deletion''' None of this changes the reasons why the article was deleted - interviews don't show notability, and being a researcher with a PhD doesn't make you notable either. The awards and coverage surrounding it could bring some notability to the table but you are still lacking any references that count towards GNG. The sources all focused in on the website and this article is not about the website, it is about Gomes. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 17:48, 4 January 2026 (UTC) *:Note: As Ferien was the original nominator, I would like to address their concerns by clarifying how the provided evidence meets the General Notability Guideline (GNG) and Academic Notability (biog), which may have been overlooked in the initial discussion. *:The argument for restoration is based on a sustained pattern of significant coverage across multiple fields (academic, public policy and environmental advocacy) over nearly 20 years. *:1. Evidence of individual expertise (beyond a single project) *:The subject is consistently sought out as an independent expert. The following sources focus on his expertise rather than just the organization he leads: *:* Early Career & Specialist Profiles: National coverage in Público (2006 Front Page) (https://www.publico.pt/jornal?date=20061128) regarding his project Tomba; specialized analysis of the scale of online content in Público (https://static.publico.pt/docs/suplementos/digital.pdf). *:* International Expert Commentary: Articles in Brazil's Observatório da Imprensa on digital memory and vanishing information (https://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/e-noticias/site-arqueologico/) and long-form articles on digital memory and the societal role of archives in Shifter (https://shifter.pt/2021/05/arquivos-digitais-revista/) and Gerador (https://gerador.eu/arquivos-de-media/apesar-dos-esforcos-arquivos-digitais-ainda-deixam-margem-para-duvidas/). *:* Global Academic Recognition: Invited specialist at the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) to discuss the future of digital preservation in museums (https://www.gov.br/ibict/pt-br/central-de-conteudos/noticias/2025/junho/vii-sinpred-reune-especialistas-internacionais-em-fortaleza-para-debater-futuro-da-preservacao-digital-em-museus). *:2. Meeting academic notability criteria *:The subject satisfies the "Notability (people) #Academics" (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#Academics ) criteria through leadership and widely used work: *:* Scholarly Leadership: Co-editor of the Springer volume The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives (2021) (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-63291-5), discussed in international forums like the ANAMED Library (Koç University) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oekXuXMGXyE). *:* Educational Impact: Launched the first free Portuguese-language MOOC on web archiving via NAU (https://www.nau.edu.pt/pt/programas/a-web-do-passado-preservacao-e-pesquisa/). *:3. Independent public advocacy (environmental) *:To address the "one-event" concern, the subject has significant, unrelated notability in environmental policy: *:* National Media: Coverage in Jornal de Notícias (https://www.jn.pt/sociedade/artigo/projeto-portugues-quer-trocar-garrafas-vazias-por-dinheiro/3246097) for the TaraRecuperavel.org movement. *:* Legislative Impact: Participated as a technical expert in a parliamentary hearing at the Portuguese Parliament (https://www.canal.parlamento.pt/cid/3627/audicao-conjunta-sobre-descartaveis-em-plastico-com-associacoes-ambie) regarding deposit-refund legislation. *:4. International utility and procedural merit *:The global impact of his work is evidenced by its active use across multiple Wikipedia editions to preserve references that no longer exist online. Examples include: *:* https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_L_Word *:* https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Kirkland *:* https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminet *:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Synck *:* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movierung *:* https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Davenport_(inventore) *:The original deletion was based on the "role" of the creator rather than the strength of these arguments. Given this breadth of independent, reliable sources, I respectfully request that the article be restored or the discussion relisted. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 18:45, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Flirt4free == {{DRV|Flirt4free }} I am requesting the restoration of the article '''Flirt4free''' .The subject has been covered by news outlets, industry publications, and legal/technical authorities, providing in-depth, independent references beyond passing mentions. Also it has many awards as like as its competitors. The platform has existed since '''1996'''.[https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com] It is one of the oldest platform in this category. In the deleted article draft I mentioned the awards received by this platform from [[:en:XBIZ|XBIZ]], YNOT, [[:en:Cybersocket, Inc.|Cybersocket]], and [[:en:Grabby Awards|the Grabby Awards]] over the years. After the article got deleted, I researched bout it more and got many more coverages of the subject and coverages of its events. The article was deleted by an RFD which I believe was not satisfactory. It had only two comments, one from me and other from an SPA. [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free|Link here]] Below is a categorized list of some of the sources. Which can be used to improve the article. === Legal & Institutional Documentation === * [https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/text/2019/d2019-0015.html WIPO Arbitration Decision] – International legal proceedings referencing the brand. === News & Technology Coverage === * [https://brewminate.com/the-psychology-of-flirtation-understanding-human-behavior-on-flirt4free/ Brewminate: The Psychology of Flirtation on Flirt4Free] * [https://chicagoreader.com/adult/flirt4free-review/ Chicago Reader: Flirt4Free review] * [https://wehoonline.com/live-porn-website-owner-donates-gay-com-la-lgbt-center/ WeHoOnline: Donation of Gay.com Domain] * [https://www.engadget.com/2018-07-02-flirt4free-teledildonics-long-distance-sex.html Engadget: Teledildonics and long-distance technology on Flirt4Free] === Industry & Business Recognition === * [https://www.xbiz.com/news/208655/flirt4free-celebrates-20-year-anniversary XBIZ: 20-Year Anniversary Celebration] – Coverage of two decades of industry presence. * [https://avn.com/news/video/flirt4free-flirt-summit-2020-will-celebrate-its-tenth-anniversary-169380 AVN: Flirt4Free Summit] – Reporting on corporate milestones. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-acquires-camstercom-nakedcom-and-camdollscom-167967 AVN: Acquisitions] – Coverage of corporate growth and expansion. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-launches-text-messaging-platform-flirtsms-164268 AVN: Platform Innovations] – Coverage of new technology features. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-adds-instant-payout-option-for-us-models/ YNOT: Instant Payout Options] – Reporting on platform upgrades for models. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-backing-pineapple-support/ YNOT: Charitable Support] – Coverage of the company’s philanthropic activities. === Supporting Sources & Reviews === Additional independent reviews and commentary: * [https://www.truewin.international/flirt4free-evaluation/ TrueWin International Review] * [https://cammodelagency.com/bg/flirt4free-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4/ Cam Model Agency Review] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org] '''Some other sources:''' * [https://woteyouthdevelopment.org/2020/07/04/flirt4free-review-how-can-you-be-a-little-more-confident-on-line/ Wote Youth Development review] * [https://www.cam-space.net/flirt4free/ Cam-Space review] * [https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com Gridinsoft URL scan] * [https://gss.aero/2022/12/27/just-what-are-flirt4free-credits-what-are-they/ GSS.aero credits explanation] * [https://slither-io.com/flirt4free/ Slither.io link] * [https://www.semrush.com/website/flirt4free.com/overview/?msockid=2e37cb0a86476ad90075c40487cc6bbd SEMrush website overview] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org review] * [https://hogartop.net/flirt4free-reviews/ Hogartop review] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 18:47, 13 September 2025 (UTC) :For reference, here is the RFD discussion: [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free]]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 22:49, 13 September 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. But I have already added the RFD discussion link in the request. Please kindly check the request. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 03:39, 14 September 2025 (UTC) :::Ping to @[[User:Ternera|Ternera]] and @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]. It has been more than 14 days. I would really appreciate your comments about this matter. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:35, 29 September 2025 (UTC) ::::I've no comments to make '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:56, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], Should I post it again? Or would you mind restoring it. I can improve the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:33, 4 November 2025 (UTC) ::::::I'd suggest creating it in your user space and then asking for reviews on [[WP:ST]] '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:09, 4 November 2025 (UTC) :::::::May I get the previous article that I posted? @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:36, 1 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I have restored it to [[User:Dysonneons/Flirt4Free]]. I'll give you a week to improve it and get reviews. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 06:08, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Thanks. will be updating it soon. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 17:47, 10 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]], did you ask for reviews on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]] as fr33kman requested you do before it get moved into article main space? The request was not to ask on the draft talk page in your article space that nobody would have known about, but on the Simple Talk page that actually has people watching it. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 17:53, 4 January 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], My apologies. I misunderstood Fr33kman. I will immediately post it for review on the Simple Talk. I respect the community's process. And very sorry for this late, I was not online. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 07:23, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Hi, @[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], I have successfully added a request [[Wikipedia:Simple talk#Review Flirt4Free|here]]. Please take a look and add your valuable suggestions or, please review the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch == {{DRV|Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch}} Hello, I would like to request undeletion of the article Neeru Yadav (Hockeywali Sarpanch). The subject is notable as she is recognized as the first female sarpanch of Lambi Ahir village in Rajasthan and has been widely covered in independent and reliable media sources for her initiatives in promoting girls' hockey and rural development. At the time of deletion, the article may not have demonstrated sufficient independent reliable sources. However, I have now gathered multiple references from national and regional newspapers, including [insert references here: The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times, etc.], which establish significant coverage and meet Wikipedia’s notability guidelines for biographies. I request administrators to kindly restore the deleted draft to my userspace so that I can work on improving it with proper citations and neutral encyclopedic tone, in line with Wikipedia policies. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Sweta201500487|Sweta201500487]] ([[User talk:Sweta201500487|talk]]) 10:36, 20 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Send to RfD''' There are actually some claims of notability here but I don't think there is sufficient coverage for an article. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 12:30, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == Jeanne Bender == {{DRV|Jeanne Bender}} Hello, I am requesting the undeletion of the article Jeanne Bender so that it can be moved back into the article space. If the consensus is that the notability guidelines are not yet fully met, I would like the article to be restored to my userspace or sandbox so I can rework it to meet Simple English Wikipedia’s standards. I believe the subject meets notability guidelines because: Jeanne Bender is an award-winning American children’s author with international recognition. Her Lindie Lou Adventure Series has been featured in major media outlets including Forbes México, Woman’s World, and Kirkus Reviews. Her works have been recognized by educational associations such as the New Zealand Literacy Association and have won Mom’s Choice Gold Awards. Maintaining a neutral, encyclopedic tone. Using clear and simple language suitable for Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you for your time and consideration. [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:22, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :The “Mom’s Choice Awards” is a website where you pay an application fee, send them your product/book, and they promote it on their site. It’s not a notable award. Name notable awards she has won, please. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:31, 9 October 2025 (UTC) ::Alright I will do [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::What about these :::== Awards and recognition == :::Bender’s ''Lindie Lou Adventure Series'' has received recognition from independent educational and literary organizations: :::* Several books in the series, including ''Flying High'', ''Big City Magic'', and ''Island Treasure'', have been reviewed by ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'', which praised the stories for their engaging narratives and social–emotional themes.<ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/lindie-lou-adventure-series-flying-high-book-1/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Flying High'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/97748835/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Big City Magic'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/island-treasure-bender/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Island Treasure'']</ref> :::* In 2023, ''Island Treasure'' was selected by the [[New Zealand Literacy Association]] (NZLA) for the organization’s annual conference book launch, highlighting its use in literacy education.<ref>[https://lindielou.us/about-the-author.html Lindie Lou – About the Author]</ref> :::* ''Language Magazine'' published an article titled “Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou,” describing how the series is used by teachers, librarians, and reading specialists to support literacy and English as a Second Language programs.<ref>[https://www.languagemagazine.com/2019/09/11/bridging-the-gap-with-lindie-lou/ Language Magazine – Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou]</ref> :::[[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 03:01, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :Please see the AFD on enwiki - [[w:Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jeanne_Bender]] as it has some good analysis into the sources mentioned here. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 18:42, 15 November 2025 (UTC) {{reflist-talk}} == List of Paramount Skydance television programs == * {{DRV|List of Paramount Skydance television programs}} This was as an attributed copy of an English Wikipedia page that was deleted for not being simple enough. As it is mainly a list, I believe I can pretty quickly address the problematic language. I had gone through it and it had already seemed pretty simple, but I guess I had missed some things which is why I hadn't added the simplifying tag. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 11:19, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Could this be restored either in the article space or draft space so I could simplify it? [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 18:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]], if it's just copied from the en wiki article, why not copy it again but in your user space ([[User:Newsjunkie/List of Paramount Skydance television programs]]), disable the categories, simplify it and then ask about moving it to article space once it's been fully simplified? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:15, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::Ok, the specific problematic wording mentioned in this case was "inherited" and "distributor". Is it correct that both these terms are considered too complex or does it depend on context? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paramount_Skydance_television_programs I had also linked the term subsidiary. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:20, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::The [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] page has some useful resources, and in the Other websites section there are some online tools that can be helpful. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:30, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I saw those terms used on some other pages here, especially the second one, so that's why I was wondering. [[Warner Bros. Pictures Animation]] [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:32, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I see that you have brought it over again. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Paramount%2B_original_programming&diff=10736327&oldid=10736114 The changes you have made] are minimal. My suggestion is to put it into your userspace and work on it rather than the article space. In its current state, it should be deleted again as A3. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:37, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::That's a different page actually, and I actually made a few other changes already before putting in, like changing commissioned to ordered, affiliates to local television stations. There is only very limited descriptive text in that article to start with. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 02:59, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Also in terms of the wording you mentioned on the original page, both the related terms distribution and inheritance are on the combined word list at least, so I'm a bit confused how much more simple those should be [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 03:27, 2 February 2026 (UTC) == Sachin Lokapure == Sachin Lokapure page i created with notable reliable source with present on google with some data of patent and news report and his book publication, he also invented revolutionary motiloscope device that why his name quite femus in field of microscopy device [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 17:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :The article has not yet been deleted. It is tagged for deletion as not demonstrating notability, but also being AI-generated. What are the best sources you have that prove he is notable? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:18, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::Find the exact Marathi news URLs (Esakal / ETV Bharat) for citation. ::Locate the specific Indian Patent Office journal entries with Lokapure’s patents [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:23, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::remove tag quick deletion [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:25, 1 February 2026 (UTC) == Quinten Delaere == {{DRV|Quinten Delaere}} Hi @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], I noticed you deleted the page "Quinten Delaere" under criteria G4 (repost of deleted content). I would like to politely request a review of this decision. The previous version was deleted via RfD because the subject was considered only notable for a single event (gaming record). This new version was substantially different. I added new, reliable sources (newspaper Krant van West-Vlaanderen) verifying a separate career as a television actor in Belgium (series Thuis). This directly addressed the concern of the previous deletion by proving notability beyond the single gaming event. Because this draft contained significant new evidence regarding a different career, I believe G4 does not apply here. Could you please reconsider or restore it to userspace so I can improve it further? Thank you, [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :'''Note''' - This subject is being spammed at multiple wikis various multiple accounts. This seems to be the latest attempt. :This is the additional information that was added "Delaere is an actor in the Belgian media. According to the newspaper ''[[Krant van West-Vlaanderen]]'' (KW), he has played a role in the television series ''[[Thuis]]''.<ref name="kw">{{Cite web |last=KW |first=Redactie |date=2025-12-30 |title=Quinten (18) uit Meulebeke verslaat hackers en krijgt erkenning |url=https://kw.be/nieuws/samenleving/quinten-18-uit-meulebeke-verslaat-hackers-en-krijgt-erkenning-ik-wist-dagenlang-niet-of-mijn-dossier-genegeerd-werd-of-serieus-werd-genomen/ |work=KW.be |language=nl-BE |access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref> This series is shown on the channel [[VRT (broadcaster)|VRT]]." :I don't see additional notability provided here. :{{reflist-talk}} [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:02, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :Sorry. I did not know this subject was being spammed at multiple wikis. I'm personally from Belgian and I tought it would be nice to add a fellow belgian to wikipedia. I did not know this was against the rules. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:09, 4 February 2026 (UTC) ::For actors, notability just for acting usually requires multiple significant roles in notable productions - see [[w:WP:NACTOR]]. Minor / short duration parts don't help show notability. I see there's a draft that's being worked at on en wiki - might I suggest pausing here until that process finishes? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:22, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you for the explanation regarding WP:NACTOR and the constructive advice. I will follow your suggestion to pause here and await the outcome of the review process on the English Wikipedia draft. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:27, 4 February 2026 (UTC) == Nida Khan == * {{DRV|Nida Khan}} I created a page about [[Nida Khan]] using a reliable source for every sentence (based on facts) but it has been deleted. Please restore it. Thanks.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:26, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :She is a notable person who has been in the news.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:28, 10 May 2026 (UTC) ::She is as famous as [[Osama bin Laden]] in India.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:48, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::{{re|Eptalon}} Can you help please?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 23:24, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nida_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1|According to the page itself] it was deleted as an attack page. Only sysops can see the deleted page, so no way to really know for sure. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:27, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :I had stated the facts based on the news reports about her, using a reliable source for every sentence. If the page about [[Osama bin Laden]] is not being deleted despite being an attack piece, I don't see why this page about this equally famous lady (at least in India, she is) should be deleted.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 00:03, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::Trying to compare this person to bin Laden is beyond ludicrous. This is a non-public person who has not been convicted of anything. Yes, it was an attack piece as you wrote it. Do not restore. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:17, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::Also, read [[w:WP:BLPCRIME]] and especially "For individuals who are not public figures—that is, individuals not covered by § Public figures—editors must seriously consider not including material in any article that suggests the person has committed, is suspected of, is a person of interest in, or is accused of having committed a crime, unless a conviction has been secured for that crime." Wikipedia articles are NOT the place to air grievances like this ([[w:WP:RIGHTWRONGS]]). Poorly written attack articles like this one have zero place on any Wikipedia site. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::{{re|Ravensfire}} So is it necessary that a person is convicted before a page is created about them if we want to mention what they have done?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:36, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Can I create a page about an unconvicted gunned down terrorist ?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:41, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::You can create a page about the attack, if that has sufficient notability. Read the page I linked to. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:23, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Hello all, the deleted page contained different allegations, many backed by sources. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 05:44, 19 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::They are backed with sources, but this is someone that's not a public figure, is not convicted of anything - there should not be a stand-alone article about this person. That's contrary to [[WP:BLP]]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:41, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion''' - Reads like an attack page, even if sourced. Like Ravensfire has said, this appears to be BLPCRIME situation. She's not a notable individual and basically every sentence in here is an accusation of some kind. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC) == Deletion request for [[Henry_B._Eyring]] == I nominated an [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2026/Henry_B._Eyring#|article for deletion], the result was keep. I'm asking that this be reviewed because [[Wikipedia:Notability| according to the guidelines regarding nobility]], it states "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources '''that are independent of the subject''', it is presumed to be notable." There are no sources on [[Henry_B._Eyring]] that '''are''' independant of his church, therefore, this article fails notability and therefore should not have been kept. There are no arguments that show , by policy, that this article should be kept, all the arguments are the same "He's notable within the church....". As no independant notability exists, per the Notability guideline, this article shouldn't be here, regardless of whether or not it exists on anyother wiki, per [[WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS]]. I'm requesting a review of the keep decision. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:06, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :* (involved) '''Endorse''' closure - @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] assessed consensus correctly. This is not intended as a venue to relitigate discussions, but if you want a policy argument, check out [[WP:ANYBIO]] #2. Combine his publications, speeches, and power in the church, and you have someone with significant contributions to their field. Although not cited directly, I suspect this was the basis for the keep votes (it was for mine). I did not just mention the fact that the enwiki article exits, but I pointed you specifically to its sources. Notability is not an attribute of an article but of its subject, so a topic can be notable even if the article is not well sourced. Conversely, a perfectly written article with dozens of sources could be about a topic that is not notable and therefore deleted. Even if you don't accept all of that, I hope you recognize that there was certainly not consensus to delete. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 21:04, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::: All published by his church, and therefore '''not''' independent of the subject as is required by WP:NOTABILITY. Talking about what's on en.wikipedia is essentially an WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS argument and again, doesn't satisfy the notability requirement. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 02:40, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Bumped to keep relevant and away from the archive ::::<span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:46, 23 May 2026 (UTC) *'''Endorse''' closure. The article isn't the best we have, however, the person appears seems to be notable from what I can see. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:44, 27 May 2026 (UTC) :*I endorse the closure. C&W did the right thing. The article is in very poor shape however so I can see why it was nominated for deletion. : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:46, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::The English Wikipedia has an article on him. As an involved editor, I can make some time to copy the English Wikipedia article and simplify the English used for our page about him. Do I have permission to do so or are you all hell bent on deleting that Simple Wikipedia page about him?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] you don’t need permission to do pretty much anything here. Sometimes you need consensus, but I wouldn’t say that’s the same thing. Also, we are not deleting the page, this discussion is pointing towards keeping the page. If you feel like improving the article, I think everyone would welcome that. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:26, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ::::OK, thanks!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 01:38, 10 June 2026 (UTC) bgd6q5icwji24oodl4c6i567dfo92s1 10882837 10882836 2026-06-10T01:43:01Z Baangla 1688167 /* Deletion request for Henry_B._Eyring */ 10882837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives/((year)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes}} = Current requests = {{/new request}} == Daniel Coelho Gomes == {{DRV|Daniel Coelho Gomes}} I am respectfully asking for a review of the deletion of the article [[Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|Daniel Coelho Gomes]], which was deleted on 14 July 2025. I believe the deletion was based on a procedural misinterpretation of consensus. The administrator's reason for deletion was that the only "keep" vote came from the article's creator. This contradicts Wikipedia's core principle that consensus is determined by the strength of arguments, not by vote counts or contributor roles ([[Wikipedia:Consensus]]). I'm asking for the article to be undeleted because Daniel Gomes is a notable person, as shown by these facts: * He founded a major national project. Daniel Gomes started Arquivo.pt, Portugal's national web archive. This is a significant public project that has preserved over 1 petabyte of data and has won national awards, like the Digital Transformation Award 2024. * His work is widely used. Arquivo.pt is actively used in Wikipedia articles across multiple languages to preserve references, directly supporting Wikipedia's mission of verifiability and knowledge preservation. * He is a recognized expert: ** He is a PhD-holding researcher who co-edited a scholarly book, "The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives" (Springer, 2021). ** He has been interviewed by major media outlets in Portugal and abroad, such as Público, Diário de Notícias, and Hoje Macau, where he is presented as an expert on digital preservation. ** He has also received important academic awards, including the Best Young Researcher Award at a major European conference. ** He is active in public life. Beyond his technical work, he founded the TaraRecuperável.org movement for environmental causes and has participated in parliamentary hearings and public events about this topic. The [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2025/Daniel_Coelho_Gomes|deletion discussion]] did not properly consider this evidence. The decision to delete was based on who made the "keep" argument, not on the many reliable sources that were provided to prove his notability. I respectfully request that the article be restored, given the clear evidence of notability and the procedural issue in the original closure. Alternatively, I ask that the discussion be relisted so that arguments can be evaluated on their merits, in line with Wikipedia policy. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 13:37, 8 August 2025 (UTC) *'''overturn deletion''' seems to pass notability for founding the national archive of Portugal and on the overall renown of his contributions to the profession '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 21:04, 7 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Endorse deletion''' None of this changes the reasons why the article was deleted - interviews don't show notability, and being a researcher with a PhD doesn't make you notable either. The awards and coverage surrounding it could bring some notability to the table but you are still lacking any references that count towards GNG. The sources all focused in on the website and this article is not about the website, it is about Gomes. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 17:48, 4 January 2026 (UTC) *:Note: As Ferien was the original nominator, I would like to address their concerns by clarifying how the provided evidence meets the General Notability Guideline (GNG) and Academic Notability (biog), which may have been overlooked in the initial discussion. *:The argument for restoration is based on a sustained pattern of significant coverage across multiple fields (academic, public policy and environmental advocacy) over nearly 20 years. *:1. Evidence of individual expertise (beyond a single project) *:The subject is consistently sought out as an independent expert. The following sources focus on his expertise rather than just the organization he leads: *:* Early Career & Specialist Profiles: National coverage in Público (2006 Front Page) (https://www.publico.pt/jornal?date=20061128) regarding his project Tomba; specialized analysis of the scale of online content in Público (https://static.publico.pt/docs/suplementos/digital.pdf). *:* International Expert Commentary: Articles in Brazil's Observatório da Imprensa on digital memory and vanishing information (https://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/e-noticias/site-arqueologico/) and long-form articles on digital memory and the societal role of archives in Shifter (https://shifter.pt/2021/05/arquivos-digitais-revista/) and Gerador (https://gerador.eu/arquivos-de-media/apesar-dos-esforcos-arquivos-digitais-ainda-deixam-margem-para-duvidas/). *:* Global Academic Recognition: Invited specialist at the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT) to discuss the future of digital preservation in museums (https://www.gov.br/ibict/pt-br/central-de-conteudos/noticias/2025/junho/vii-sinpred-reune-especialistas-internacionais-em-fortaleza-para-debater-futuro-da-preservacao-digital-em-museus). *:2. Meeting academic notability criteria *:The subject satisfies the "Notability (people) #Academics" (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(people)#Academics ) criteria through leadership and widely used work: *:* Scholarly Leadership: Co-editor of the Springer volume The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives (2021) (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-63291-5), discussed in international forums like the ANAMED Library (Koç University) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oekXuXMGXyE). *:* Educational Impact: Launched the first free Portuguese-language MOOC on web archiving via NAU (https://www.nau.edu.pt/pt/programas/a-web-do-passado-preservacao-e-pesquisa/). *:3. Independent public advocacy (environmental) *:To address the "one-event" concern, the subject has significant, unrelated notability in environmental policy: *:* National Media: Coverage in Jornal de Notícias (https://www.jn.pt/sociedade/artigo/projeto-portugues-quer-trocar-garrafas-vazias-por-dinheiro/3246097) for the TaraRecuperavel.org movement. *:* Legislative Impact: Participated as a technical expert in a parliamentary hearing at the Portuguese Parliament (https://www.canal.parlamento.pt/cid/3627/audicao-conjunta-sobre-descartaveis-em-plastico-com-associacoes-ambie) regarding deposit-refund legislation. *:4. International utility and procedural merit *:The global impact of his work is evidenced by its active use across multiple Wikipedia editions to preserve references that no longer exist online. Examples include: *:* https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_L_Word *:* https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Kirkland *:* https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminet *:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Synck *:* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movierung *:* https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Davenport_(inventore) *:The original deletion was based on the "role" of the creator rather than the strength of these arguments. Given this breadth of independent, reliable sources, I respectfully request that the article be restored or the discussion relisted. [[User:Adnarimiranda|Adnarimiranda]] ([[User talk:Adnarimiranda|talk]]) 18:45, 6 January 2026 (UTC) == Flirt4free == {{DRV|Flirt4free }} I am requesting the restoration of the article '''Flirt4free''' .The subject has been covered by news outlets, industry publications, and legal/technical authorities, providing in-depth, independent references beyond passing mentions. Also it has many awards as like as its competitors. The platform has existed since '''1996'''.[https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com] It is one of the oldest platform in this category. In the deleted article draft I mentioned the awards received by this platform from [[:en:XBIZ|XBIZ]], YNOT, [[:en:Cybersocket, Inc.|Cybersocket]], and [[:en:Grabby Awards|the Grabby Awards]] over the years. After the article got deleted, I researched bout it more and got many more coverages of the subject and coverages of its events. The article was deleted by an RFD which I believe was not satisfactory. It had only two comments, one from me and other from an SPA. [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free|Link here]] Below is a categorized list of some of the sources. Which can be used to improve the article. === Legal & Institutional Documentation === * [https://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/decisions/text/2019/d2019-0015.html WIPO Arbitration Decision] – International legal proceedings referencing the brand. === News & Technology Coverage === * [https://brewminate.com/the-psychology-of-flirtation-understanding-human-behavior-on-flirt4free/ Brewminate: The Psychology of Flirtation on Flirt4Free] * [https://chicagoreader.com/adult/flirt4free-review/ Chicago Reader: Flirt4Free review] * [https://wehoonline.com/live-porn-website-owner-donates-gay-com-la-lgbt-center/ WeHoOnline: Donation of Gay.com Domain] * [https://www.engadget.com/2018-07-02-flirt4free-teledildonics-long-distance-sex.html Engadget: Teledildonics and long-distance technology on Flirt4Free] === Industry & Business Recognition === * [https://www.xbiz.com/news/208655/flirt4free-celebrates-20-year-anniversary XBIZ: 20-Year Anniversary Celebration] – Coverage of two decades of industry presence. * [https://avn.com/news/video/flirt4free-flirt-summit-2020-will-celebrate-its-tenth-anniversary-169380 AVN: Flirt4Free Summit] – Reporting on corporate milestones. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-acquires-camstercom-nakedcom-and-camdollscom-167967 AVN: Acquisitions] – Coverage of corporate growth and expansion. * [https://avn.com/news/technology/flirt4free-launches-text-messaging-platform-flirtsms-164268 AVN: Platform Innovations] – Coverage of new technology features. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-adds-instant-payout-option-for-us-models/ YNOT: Instant Payout Options] – Reporting on platform upgrades for models. * [https://www.ynot.com/flirt4free-backing-pineapple-support/ YNOT: Charitable Support] – Coverage of the company’s philanthropic activities. === Supporting Sources & Reviews === Additional independent reviews and commentary: * [https://www.truewin.international/flirt4free-evaluation/ TrueWin International Review] * [https://cammodelagency.com/bg/flirt4free-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b4/ Cam Model Agency Review] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org] '''Some other sources:''' * [https://woteyouthdevelopment.org/2020/07/04/flirt4free-review-how-can-you-be-a-little-more-confident-on-line/ Wote Youth Development review] * [https://www.cam-space.net/flirt4free/ Cam-Space review] * [https://gridinsoft.com/online-virus-scanner/url/flirt4free-com Gridinsoft URL scan] * [https://gss.aero/2022/12/27/just-what-are-flirt4free-credits-what-are-they/ GSS.aero credits explanation] * [https://slither-io.com/flirt4free/ Slither.io link] * [https://www.semrush.com/website/flirt4free.com/overview/?msockid=2e37cb0a86476ad90075c40487cc6bbd SEMrush website overview] * [https://datingrating.org/flirt4free-review/ DatingRating.org review] * [https://hogartop.net/flirt4free-reviews/ Hogartop review] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 18:47, 13 September 2025 (UTC) :For reference, here is the RFD discussion: [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Flirt4Free]]. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 22:49, 13 September 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks. But I have already added the RFD discussion link in the request. Please kindly check the request. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 03:39, 14 September 2025 (UTC) :::Ping to @[[User:Ternera|Ternera]] and @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]. It has been more than 14 days. I would really appreciate your comments about this matter. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:35, 29 September 2025 (UTC) ::::I've no comments to make '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:56, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]], Should I post it again? Or would you mind restoring it. I can improve the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:33, 4 November 2025 (UTC) ::::::I'd suggest creating it in your user space and then asking for reviews on [[WP:ST]] '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:09, 4 November 2025 (UTC) :::::::May I get the previous article that I posted? @[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 04:36, 1 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I have restored it to [[User:Dysonneons/Flirt4Free]]. I'll give you a week to improve it and get reviews. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 06:08, 1 December 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Thanks. will be updating it soon. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 17:47, 10 December 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]], did you ask for reviews on [[WP:ST|Simple Talk]] as fr33kman requested you do before it get moved into article main space? The request was not to ask on the draft talk page in your article space that nobody would have known about, but on the Simple Talk page that actually has people watching it. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 17:53, 4 January 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], My apologies. I misunderstood Fr33kman. I will immediately post it for review on the Simple Talk. I respect the community's process. And very sorry for this late, I was not online. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 07:23, 23 February 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Hi, @[[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]], I have successfully added a request [[Wikipedia:Simple talk#Review Flirt4Free|here]]. Please take a look and add your valuable suggestions or, please review the article. Thanks. [[User:Dysonneons|Dysonneons]] ([[User talk:Dysonneons|talk]]) 06:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) == Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch == {{DRV|Neeru Yadav Hockeywali Sarpanch}} Hello, I would like to request undeletion of the article Neeru Yadav (Hockeywali Sarpanch). The subject is notable as she is recognized as the first female sarpanch of Lambi Ahir village in Rajasthan and has been widely covered in independent and reliable media sources for her initiatives in promoting girls' hockey and rural development. At the time of deletion, the article may not have demonstrated sufficient independent reliable sources. However, I have now gathered multiple references from national and regional newspapers, including [insert references here: The Hindu, Indian Express, Hindustan Times, etc.], which establish significant coverage and meet Wikipedia’s notability guidelines for biographies. I request administrators to kindly restore the deleted draft to my userspace so that I can work on improving it with proper citations and neutral encyclopedic tone, in line with Wikipedia policies. Thank you for your consideration. [[User:Sweta201500487|Sweta201500487]] ([[User talk:Sweta201500487|talk]]) 10:36, 20 September 2025 (UTC) *'''Send to RfD''' There are actually some claims of notability here but I don't think there is sufficient coverage for an article. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 12:30, 10 October 2025 (UTC) == Jeanne Bender == {{DRV|Jeanne Bender}} Hello, I am requesting the undeletion of the article Jeanne Bender so that it can be moved back into the article space. If the consensus is that the notability guidelines are not yet fully met, I would like the article to be restored to my userspace or sandbox so I can rework it to meet Simple English Wikipedia’s standards. I believe the subject meets notability guidelines because: Jeanne Bender is an award-winning American children’s author with international recognition. Her Lindie Lou Adventure Series has been featured in major media outlets including Forbes México, Woman’s World, and Kirkus Reviews. Her works have been recognized by educational associations such as the New Zealand Literacy Association and have won Mom’s Choice Gold Awards. Maintaining a neutral, encyclopedic tone. Using clear and simple language suitable for Simple English Wikipedia. Thank you for your time and consideration. [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:22, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :The “Mom’s Choice Awards” is a website where you pay an application fee, send them your product/book, and they promote it on their site. It’s not a notable award. Name notable awards she has won, please. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:31, 9 October 2025 (UTC) ::Alright I will do [[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 02:46, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :::What about these :::== Awards and recognition == :::Bender’s ''Lindie Lou Adventure Series'' has received recognition from independent educational and literary organizations: :::* Several books in the series, including ''Flying High'', ''Big City Magic'', and ''Island Treasure'', have been reviewed by ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'', which praised the stories for their engaging narratives and social–emotional themes.<ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/lindie-lou-adventure-series-flying-high-book-1/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Flying High'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/97748835/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Big City Magic'']</ref><ref>[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeanne-bender/island-treasure-bender/ ''Kirkus Reviews'' – Review of ''Island Treasure'']</ref> :::* In 2023, ''Island Treasure'' was selected by the [[New Zealand Literacy Association]] (NZLA) for the organization’s annual conference book launch, highlighting its use in literacy education.<ref>[https://lindielou.us/about-the-author.html Lindie Lou – About the Author]</ref> :::* ''Language Magazine'' published an article titled “Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou,” describing how the series is used by teachers, librarians, and reading specialists to support literacy and English as a Second Language programs.<ref>[https://www.languagemagazine.com/2019/09/11/bridging-the-gap-with-lindie-lou/ Language Magazine – Bridging the Gap with Lindie Lou]</ref> :::[[User:Emilydaniel|Emilydaniel]] ([[User talk:Emilydaniel|talk]]) 03:01, 9 October 2025 (UTC) :Please see the AFD on enwiki - [[w:Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jeanne_Bender]] as it has some good analysis into the sources mentioned here. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 18:42, 15 November 2025 (UTC) {{reflist-talk}} == List of Paramount Skydance television programs == * {{DRV|List of Paramount Skydance television programs}} This was as an attributed copy of an English Wikipedia page that was deleted for not being simple enough. As it is mainly a list, I believe I can pretty quickly address the problematic language. I had gone through it and it had already seemed pretty simple, but I guess I had missed some things which is why I hadn't added the simplifying tag. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 11:19, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] Could this be restored either in the article space or draft space so I could simplify it? [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 18:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]], if it's just copied from the en wiki article, why not copy it again but in your user space ([[User:Newsjunkie/List of Paramount Skydance television programs]]), disable the categories, simplify it and then ask about moving it to article space once it's been fully simplified? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:15, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::Ok, the specific problematic wording mentioned in this case was "inherited" and "distributor". Is it correct that both these terms are considered too complex or does it depend on context? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Paramount_Skydance_television_programs I had also linked the term subsidiary. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:20, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::The [[Wikipedia:How to write Simple English pages]] page has some useful resources, and in the Other websites section there are some online tools that can be helpful. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 19:30, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :::::I saw those terms used on some other pages here, especially the second one, so that's why I was wondering. [[Warner Bros. Pictures Animation]] [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 19:32, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::::I see that you have brought it over again. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Paramount%2B_original_programming&diff=10736327&oldid=10736114 The changes you have made] are minimal. My suggestion is to put it into your userspace and work on it rather than the article space. In its current state, it should be deleted again as A3. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 02:37, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::That's a different page actually, and I actually made a few other changes already before putting in, like changing commissioned to ordered, affiliates to local television stations. There is only very limited descriptive text in that article to start with. [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 02:59, 2 February 2026 (UTC) :::::Also in terms of the wording you mentioned on the original page, both the related terms distribution and inheritance are on the combined word list at least, so I'm a bit confused how much more simple those should be [[User:Newsjunkie|Newsjunkie]] ([[User talk:Newsjunkie|talk]]) 03:27, 2 February 2026 (UTC) == Sachin Lokapure == Sachin Lokapure page i created with notable reliable source with present on google with some data of patent and news report and his book publication, he also invented revolutionary motiloscope device that why his name quite femus in field of microscopy device [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 17:39, 1 February 2026 (UTC) :The article has not yet been deleted. It is tagged for deletion as not demonstrating notability, but also being AI-generated. What are the best sources you have that prove he is notable? [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 18:18, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::Find the exact Marathi news URLs (Esakal / ETV Bharat) for citation. ::Locate the specific Indian Patent Office journal entries with Lokapure’s patents [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:23, 1 February 2026 (UTC) ::remove tag quick deletion [[User:Lambertrobert1986|Lambertrobert1986]] ([[User talk:Lambertrobert1986|talk]]) 18:25, 1 February 2026 (UTC) == Quinten Delaere == {{DRV|Quinten Delaere}} Hi @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], I noticed you deleted the page "Quinten Delaere" under criteria G4 (repost of deleted content). I would like to politely request a review of this decision. The previous version was deleted via RfD because the subject was considered only notable for a single event (gaming record). This new version was substantially different. I added new, reliable sources (newspaper Krant van West-Vlaanderen) verifying a separate career as a television actor in Belgium (series Thuis). This directly addressed the concern of the previous deletion by proving notability beyond the single gaming event. Because this draft contained significant new evidence regarding a different career, I believe G4 does not apply here. Could you please reconsider or restore it to userspace so I can improve it further? Thank you, [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 19:45, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :'''Note''' - This subject is being spammed at multiple wikis various multiple accounts. This seems to be the latest attempt. :This is the additional information that was added "Delaere is an actor in the Belgian media. According to the newspaper ''[[Krant van West-Vlaanderen]]'' (KW), he has played a role in the television series ''[[Thuis]]''.<ref name="kw">{{Cite web |last=KW |first=Redactie |date=2025-12-30 |title=Quinten (18) uit Meulebeke verslaat hackers en krijgt erkenning |url=https://kw.be/nieuws/samenleving/quinten-18-uit-meulebeke-verslaat-hackers-en-krijgt-erkenning-ik-wist-dagenlang-niet-of-mijn-dossier-genegeerd-werd-of-serieus-werd-genomen/ |work=KW.be |language=nl-BE |access-date=2026-01-31}}</ref> This series is shown on the channel [[VRT (broadcaster)|VRT]]." :I don't see additional notability provided here. :{{reflist-talk}} [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 20:02, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :Sorry. I did not know this subject was being spammed at multiple wikis. I'm personally from Belgian and I tought it would be nice to add a fellow belgian to wikipedia. I did not know this was against the rules. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:09, 4 February 2026 (UTC) ::For actors, notability just for acting usually requires multiple significant roles in notable productions - see [[w:WP:NACTOR]]. Minor / short duration parts don't help show notability. I see there's a draft that's being worked at on en wiki - might I suggest pausing here until that process finishes? [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:22, 4 February 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you for the explanation regarding WP:NACTOR and the constructive advice. I will follow your suggestion to pause here and await the outcome of the review process on the English Wikipedia draft. [[User:Skoshili|Skoshili]] ([[User talk:Skoshili|talk]]) 20:27, 4 February 2026 (UTC) == Nida Khan == * {{DRV|Nida Khan}} I created a page about [[Nida Khan]] using a reliable source for every sentence (based on facts) but it has been deleted. Please restore it. Thanks.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:26, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :She is a notable person who has been in the news.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:28, 10 May 2026 (UTC) ::She is as famous as [[Osama bin Laden]] in India.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:48, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::{{re|Eptalon}} Can you help please?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 23:24, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :::: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nida_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1|According to the page itself] it was deleted as an attack page. Only sysops can see the deleted page, so no way to really know for sure. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:27, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :I had stated the facts based on the news reports about her, using a reliable source for every sentence. If the page about [[Osama bin Laden]] is not being deleted despite being an attack piece, I don't see why this page about this equally famous lady (at least in India, she is) should be deleted.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 00:03, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::Trying to compare this person to bin Laden is beyond ludicrous. This is a non-public person who has not been convicted of anything. Yes, it was an attack piece as you wrote it. Do not restore. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:17, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::Also, read [[w:WP:BLPCRIME]] and especially "For individuals who are not public figures—that is, individuals not covered by § Public figures—editors must seriously consider not including material in any article that suggests the person has committed, is suspected of, is a person of interest in, or is accused of having committed a crime, unless a conviction has been secured for that crime." Wikipedia articles are NOT the place to air grievances like this ([[w:WP:RIGHTWRONGS]]). Poorly written attack articles like this one have zero place on any Wikipedia site. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 02:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::{{re|Ravensfire}} So is it necessary that a person is convicted before a page is created about them if we want to mention what they have done?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:36, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::Can I create a page about an unconvicted gunned down terrorist ?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 06:41, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::You can create a page about the attack, if that has sufficient notability. Read the page I linked to. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:23, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :::::::Hello all, the deleted page contained different allegations, many backed by sources. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 05:44, 19 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::::They are backed with sources, but this is someone that's not a public figure, is not convicted of anything - there should not be a stand-alone article about this person. That's contrary to [[WP:BLP]]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:41, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :'''Endorse deletion''' - Reads like an attack page, even if sourced. Like Ravensfire has said, this appears to be BLPCRIME situation. She's not a notable individual and basically every sentence in here is an accusation of some kind. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:51, 19 May 2026 (UTC) == Deletion request for [[Henry_B._Eyring]] == I nominated an [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2026/Henry_B._Eyring#|article for deletion], the result was keep. I'm asking that this be reviewed because [[Wikipedia:Notability| according to the guidelines regarding nobility]], it states "If a topic has received significant coverage in reliable sources '''that are independent of the subject''', it is presumed to be notable." There are no sources on [[Henry_B._Eyring]] that '''are''' independant of his church, therefore, this article fails notability and therefore should not have been kept. There are no arguments that show , by policy, that this article should be kept, all the arguments are the same "He's notable within the church....". As no independant notability exists, per the Notability guideline, this article shouldn't be here, regardless of whether or not it exists on anyother wiki, per [[WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS]]. I'm requesting a review of the keep decision. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:06, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :* (involved) '''Endorse''' closure - @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] assessed consensus correctly. This is not intended as a venue to relitigate discussions, but if you want a policy argument, check out [[WP:ANYBIO]] #2. Combine his publications, speeches, and power in the church, and you have someone with significant contributions to their field. Although not cited directly, I suspect this was the basis for the keep votes (it was for mine). I did not just mention the fact that the enwiki article exits, but I pointed you specifically to its sources. Notability is not an attribute of an article but of its subject, so a topic can be notable even if the article is not well sourced. Conversely, a perfectly written article with dozens of sources could be about a topic that is not notable and therefore deleted. Even if you don't accept all of that, I hope you recognize that there was certainly not consensus to delete. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 21:04, 11 May 2026 (UTC) ::: All published by his church, and therefore '''not''' independent of the subject as is required by WP:NOTABILITY. Talking about what's on en.wikipedia is essentially an WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS argument and again, doesn't satisfy the notability requirement. <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 02:40, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::::::Bumped to keep relevant and away from the archive ::::<span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 23:46, 23 May 2026 (UTC) *'''Endorse''' closure. The article isn't the best we have, however, the person appears seems to be notable from what I can see. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 13:44, 27 May 2026 (UTC) :*I endorse the closure. C&W did the right thing. The article is in very poor shape however so I can see why it was nominated for deletion. : '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:46, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::The English Wikipedia has an article on him. As an involved editor, I can make some time to copy the English Wikipedia article and simplify the English used for our page about him. Do I have permission to do so or are you all hell bent on deleting that Simple Wikipedia page about him?-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] you don’t need permission to do pretty much anything here. Sometimes you need consensus, but I wouldn’t say that’s the same thing. Also, we are not deleting the page, this discussion is pointing towards keeping the page. If you feel like improving the article, I think everyone would welcome that. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:26, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ::::OK, thanks! I hope {{u|Wekeepwhatwekill}} comes around to accepting the "consensus".-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 01:38, 10 June 2026 (UTC) e6g05bd8impfwdajnzz6vzmchra8hbw 0 2964 10882340 10864665 2026-06-09T14:26:25Z ~2026-33395-24 1816836 10882340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update|reason=No new information past 2023|date=March 2026}} {{Very long}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Russian Federation | common_name = Russia | linking_name = Russia | native_name = {{native name|ru|Российская Федерация}} | image_flag = Flag of Russia.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg | national_anthem = <br />{{nowrap|{{lang|ru|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации}}}}<br />{{transliteration|ru|Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii}}<br />"[[State Anthem of the Russian Federation]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Russian Anthem chorus.ogg]]}} | image_map = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - All Territorial Disputes.svg | map_width = 250px | map_caption = Russia on the globe. Disputed lands are shown in light green.{{Efn|[[Crimea]] was [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed by Russia]] in 2014. However, it is still [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262|internationally seen]] as a part of Ukraine.<ref name="dispute">{{cite web |last=Pifer |first=Steven |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |title=Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation |publisher=[[Brookings Institute]] |date=17 March 2020 |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414045104/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts were also [[Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts|annexed]] (but only partly controlled) in 2022. They are [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4|internationally seen]] as a part of Ukraine. The southernmost [[Kuril Islands]] are claimed by both Japan and Russia after the Soviet occupation of the islands at the end of World War II.<ref name="chapple-2019">{{cite web |last=Chapple |first=Amos |title=The Kurile Islands: Why Russia And Japan Never Made Peace After World War II |date=4 January 2019 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |access-date=26 January 2022 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408173647/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | capital = [[Moscow]] | coordinates = {{Coord|55|45|21|N|37|37|02|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Official<br />{{nobold|and national language}} | languages = [[Russian language|Russian]]<ref name="Russian">{{cite journal |last=Chevalier |first=Joan F. |title=Russian as the National Language: An Overview of Language Planning in the Russian Federation |jstor=43669126 |journal=Russian Language Journal |pages=25–36 |volume=56 |year=2006 |publisher=American Councils for International Education ACTR / ACCELS}}</ref> | languages2_type = {{nobold|Recognised}} {{nowrap|[[national language]]s}} | languages2 = See [[Languages of Russia]] | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 71.7% [[Russians|Russian]] | 3.2% [[Tatars|Tatar]] | 1.1% [[Chechens|Chechen]] | 1.1% [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] | 22.9% [[Ethnic groups in Russia|other]] or not reported }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2021, including Russia and Crimea | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name=EthnicGroups2021>{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=30 December 2022|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|url-status=live}}</ref> | demonym = Russian | government_type = [[Semi-presidential|Mixed republic]] under an [[authoritarian]] [[dictatorship]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Russia|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Vladimir Putin]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Mikhail Mishustin]] | leader_title3 = [[Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia)|Speaker of the<br />Federation Council]] | leader_name3 = [[Valentina Matviyenko]] | leader_title4 = [[Chairman of the State Duma|Speaker of the<br />State Duma]] | leader_name4 = [[Vyacheslav Volodin]] | leader_title5 = [[Chief Justice of the Russian Federation|Chief Justice]] | leader_name5 = [[Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Lebedev|Vyacheslav Lebedev]] | legislature = [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Federal Assembly]] | upper_house = [[Federation Council (Russia)|Federation Council]] | lower_house = [[State Duma]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Russia|Formation]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Kievan Rus']]}} | established_date1 = 879 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Vladimir-Suzdal]]}} | established_date2 = 1157 | established_event3 = [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Grand Duchy of<br>Moscow]] | established_date3 = 1263 | established_event4 = [[Tsardom of Russia]] | established_date4 = 16 January 1547 | established_event5 = [[Russian Empire]] | established_date5 = 2 November 1721 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[February Revolution|Monarchy abolished]]}} | established_date6 = 15 March 1917 | established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|Soviet Union]]}} | established_date7 = 30 December 1922 | established_event8 = {{nowrap|[[:en:Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Declaration of State<br>Sovereignty]]}} | established_date8 = 12 June 1990 | established_event9 = {{nowrap|[[Belovezha Accords|Russian Federation]]}} | established_date9 = 12 December 1991 | established_event10 = [[Constitution of Russia|Current constitution]] | established_date10 = 12 December 1993 | established_event11 = [[Union State|Union State formed]] | established_date11 = 8 December 1999 | area_km2 = 17,098,246 | area_footnote = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |title=World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistics Division |access-date=24 April 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804041700/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publications/pocketbook/files/world-stats-pocketbook-2016.pdf#page=182 |url-status=live }}</ref> (within internationally recognised borders) {{Convert|17,234,028|km2|abbr=on}} (including disputed territories) | area_rank = 1st | percent_water = 13<ref name=gen>{{cite web |title=The Russian federation: general characteristics |url=http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1/010000R |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064121/http://www.gks.ru/scripts/free/1c.exe?XXXX09F.2.1%2F010000R |archive-date=28 July 2011 |website=Federal State Statistics Service |access-date=5 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (including swamps) | population_estimate = {{plainlist| * {{IncreaseNeutral}} 147,182,123 ([[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]])<ref name="census2021">Including 2,482,450 people living on the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annexed]] [[Crimea|Crimean Peninsula]] {{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |script-title=ru:Том 1. Численность и размещение населения |language=ru |work=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{nowrap|(including Crimea)<ref name="gks.ru-popul">{{cite web |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |format=XLS |script-title=ru:Предварительная оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2022 года и в среднем за 2021 год |trans-title=Preliminary estimated population as of 1 January 2022 and on the average for 2021 |language=ru |work=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Russian Federal State Statistics Service]] |access-date=30 January 2022 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324230246/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/PrPopul2022_Site.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>}} * {{IncreaseNeutral}} 144,699,673 * (excluding Crimea)<ref name="gks.ru-popul"/>}} | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 9th | population_density_km2 = 8.4 | population_density_sq_mi = 21.5 | population_density_rank = 181st | GDP_PPP = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $4.771 trillion<ref name="IMFWEORU">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|access-date=2023-05-05|archive-date=2023-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425152149/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=922,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|url-status=live}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2022 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $33,263<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $2.240 trillion<ref name="IMFWEORU"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2022 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{IncreaseNeutral}} $15,480<ref name="IMFWEORU"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/russia/monthly-earnings |title=Russia Monthly Earnings (1992 - 2024) – CEIC Data |language=en|website=ceicdata.com |date=2024-09-30|access-date=2024-12-27}} - Russia Monthly Earnings stood at US$924 in Sep 2024, compared with the previous figure of US$924 in Aug 2024.</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 36.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2020 | Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="WBgini">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation |publisher=World Bank |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513214250/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=RU |url-status=live }}</ref> | HDI = 0.822<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 52nd | currency = [[Russian ruble|Ruble]] ([[₽]]) | currency_code = RUB | utc_offset = +2 to +12 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Russia|+7]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.ru]]|[[.рф]]}} | religion_year = 2023 | religion_ref = <ref name="Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви">{{cite web|title=Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви|url=https://fom.ru/TSennosti/14888|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=22 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви–Tables">{{cite web|title=Передача иконы «Троица» Русской православной церкви|url=https://fom.ru/posts/download/14888|publisher=Фонд Общественное Мнение, ФОМ (Public Opinion Foundation)|language=ru|date=22 June 2023}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space;|{{Tree list}} * 62% [[Christianity in Russia|Christianity]] ** 61% [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodoxy]] ** 1% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] {{Tree list/end}}| 24% [[Irreligion|no religion]]|5% [[Islam in Russia|Islam]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Regional Division of Muslim population in Russia|work=Research Gate|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348448272|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>|2% [[Religion in Russia|other]] (including [[Buddhism in Russia|Buddhism]])|4% unanswered}} }} '''Russia''' ({{Lang-ru|Россия|Rossiya}}, {{IPA-ru|rɐˈsʲijə| }}), or the '''Russian Federation''',{{Efn|{{lang-rus|Российская Федерация|r=Rossiyskaya Federatsiya|p=rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə|links=yes}}}}<ref>"The names "Russian Federation" and "Russia" shall be equal". {{cite web |title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation |work=(Article 1) |url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm |accessdate=25 June 2009 |archive-date=1 March 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020301184936/http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-02.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> is a [[country]] spanning parts of [[Eastern Europe]] and [[North Asia]]. It has land from the [[Baltic Sea]] to the [[Bering Strait]]. By total area ({{convert|17098242|km2|sqmi|sp=us|disp=or}}), it is the [[List of countries by area|largest country in the world]], followed by [[Canada]], and the [[United States]] or [[China]]. Russia's [[population]] is about 146.7 million people. It is the most populous country in [[Europe]]. [[Moscow]], Russia's [[capital city]], is the largest city entirely in [[Europe]] by population; it is also Europe's largest city by area. Other big [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|cities]] include [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], and [[Kazan]]. Russia's [[official language]] is [[Russian language|Russian]]. Russian is the most spoken language in Europe, though only spoken in Russia which is culturally different from most of Europe. It is also the most widely spoken [[Slavic language]]. Many regions of Russia have their own official languages alongside Russian. Russia has land [[border]]s with 14 (16, if counting [[Quasi-state|unrecognized]]) countries, in both Europe and [[Asia]]. These countries are [[Norway]], [[Finland]], [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Poland]], [[Belarus]], [[Ukraine]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], [[Mongolia]], and [[North Korea]].{{Efn|Also has [[Maritime border|maritime borders]] with the [[United States]] and [[Japan]].}} It borders Lithuania and Poland through [[Kaliningrad Oblast]]. It also borders the unrecognized countries of [[South Ossetia]] and [[Abkhazia]] to the south. It is next to 16 [[sea]]s, and 3 [[ocean]]s. It is the country with the most land borders in the world. Russia is made up of 89 [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]]. This includes [[Republic of Crimea|Crimea]], [[Luhansk People's Republic|LPR]], [[Donetsk People's Republic|DPR]], [[Kherson Oblast]] and [[Zaporizhzhia Oblast]] and [[Sevastopol]], which are [[Border dispute|claimed]] by both Russia and Ukraine. There are many different types of federal subjects. There are 48 [[Oblasts of Russia|oblasts]], 24 [[Republics of Russia|republics]], 9 [[Krais of Russia|krais]], 4 [[Autonomous okrugs of Russia|autonomous okrugs]], 3 [[Federal cities of Russia|federal cities]], and 1 [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast|autonomous oblast]] in Russia. The [[economy]] of Russia is one of the largest in the world. It ranks [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|11th in the world]] for highest [[nominal GDP]]. This is mainly because of the large amount of [[Natural resource|natural resources]] found in Russia. However, much of the land is either infertile or covered by [[permafrost]]. The [[Russian ruble|ruble]] is the official [[currency]] of Russia. The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] is the largest [[religion]] in Russia. Russia has the most [[Worship|followers]] of Eastern Orthodoxy out of any other country. About 75% of Russians are followers of Eastern Orthodoxy.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-24|title=ВЦИОМ: Православными себя считают 75% россиян. :: Общество :: РБК|url=https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20100330161117.shtml|access-date=2023-05-05|language=Russian|archive-date=2018-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724002708/https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20100330161117.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Russia is a very large and [[wikt:diverse|diverse]] country. From 1922 to 1991, it was the largest [[Republics of the Soviet Union|republic]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. The [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] (RSFSR) was based on [[communism]]. Today the government of Russia is a [[Semi-presidential|mixed republic]] under an [[authoritarian]] [[dictatorship]]. The [[President of Russia|President]] is chosen by [[direct election]]. Challenging [[candidate]]s do not have [[wikt:access|access]] to the [[mass media]]. They do have full access to [[social media]], [[internet]] [[news]] [[website]]s, and international media. [[Election]] results match [[wikt:domestic|domestic]], [[wikt:international|international]], and [[Exit poll|exit polling]]. The current President of Russia is [[Vladimir Putin]]. The country has turned towards an [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] [[dictatorship]] under Putin's rule.<ref name="Krzywdzinski">{{cite web | title=Russia: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report | website=Freedom House | date=2019-07-20 | url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2023 | access-date=2023-04-17 | archive-date=2023-04-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418072852/https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2023 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |title=Russia – The World Factbook |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The President rules the country, and the [[Federal Assembly (Russia)|Russian Parliament]] plays a [[wikt:secondary|secondary]] role. Russia ranks low in [[Measurement|measurements]] of [[Human rights in Russia|human rights]] and [[freedom of the press]]. [[Corruption in Russia|Corruption]] is also seen as a big issue.<ref name="VOA">{{cite web |title=New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption |url=https://www.voanews.com/europe/new-reports-highlight-russias-deep-seated-culture-corruption |work=[[Voice of America]] |date=26 January 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |archive-date=27 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127020812/https://www.voanews.com/europe/new-reports-highlight-russias-deep-seated-culture-corruption |url-status=live }}</ref> == Etymology == The name ''Russia'' comes from a [[Medieval Latin]] name for the [[Kievan Rus']].<ref>{{cite book|title=Webster's II New College Dictionary.|url=https://archive.org/details/webstersiinewcol00unse|date=1999|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co|isbn=978-0395962145|location=Boston|pages=[https://archive.org/details/webstersiinewcol00unse/page/970 970]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=|last=Kuchkin|first=V. A.|publisher=Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ladomir|year=2014|editor-last=Melnikova|editor-first=E. A.|location=Moscow|pages=700–701|language=ru|script-title=ru:Древняя Русь в средневековом мире|trans-title=Old Rus' in the medieval world|script-chapter=ru:Русская земля|trans-chapter=Russian land|editor-last2=Petrukhina|editor-first2=V. Ya.}}</ref> ''Rus''' comes from the name of the [[Rus' people]]. They were [[Norsemen|Norse]] [[Merchant|merchants]] who settled in northern Russia.<ref>{{cite book|title=Viking Rus|last=Duczko|first=Wladyslaw|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2004|isbn=978-90-04-13874-2|pages=10–11}}</ref> Another Medieval Latin name for Rus' was [[Ruthenia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nazarenko|first=Aleksandr Vasilevich|publisher=Languages of the Rus' culture|year=2001|isbn=978-5-7859-0085-1|pages=40, 42–45, 49–50|language=ru|script-title=ru:Древняя Русь на международных путях: междисциплинарные очерки культурных, торговых, политических связей IX-XII веков|trans-title=Old Rus' on international routes: interdisciplinary essays on cultural, trade, and political ties in the 9th-12th centuries|chapter=1. Имя "Русь" в древнейшей западноевропейской языковой традиции (XI-XII века)|trans-chapter=The name Rus' in the old tradition of Western European language (XI-XII centuries)|author-link=Aleksandr Nazarenko|chapter-url=http://dgve.csu.ru/download/Nazarenko_2001_01.djvu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814143443/http://dgve.csu.ru/download/Nazarenko_2001_01.djvu|archive-date=14 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[wikt:current|current]] [[Russian language|Russian]] name for Russia ({{Lang|rus|Россия|italic=no}} / {{Lang|rus-latn|Rossiya}}) comes from the [[Byzantine Greek]] name for Rus' ({{Lang|grc|Ρωσία|italic=no}} / {{Lang|grc-latn|Rosía}}).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Russians: The People of Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/russians0000miln|last=Milner-Gulland|first=R. R.|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=1997|isbn=978-0-631-21849-4|pages=[https://archive.org/details/russians0000miln/page/n22 1]–4}}</ref> == History == {{main|History of Russia}} === Prehistory === {{See also|Proto-Indo-Europeans}} The first humans went to Russia in the [[Oldowan]] period of the [[Lower Paleolithic]]. ''Homo erectus'' [[Migration|migrated]] to the [[Taman Peninsula]] of [[Southern Russia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shchelinsky|first1=V.E.|last2=Gurova|first2=M.|last3=Tesakov|first3=A.S.|last4=Titov|first4=V.V.|last5=Frolov|first5=P.D.|last6=Simakova|first6=A.N.|date=30 January 2016|title=The Early Pleistocene site of Kermek in western Ciscaucasia (southern Russia): Stratigraphy, biotic record and lithic industry (preliminary results)|journal=[[Quaternary International]]|volume=393|pages=51–69|bibcode=2016QuInt.393...51S|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.032}}</ref> [[Flint]] [[Stone tool|tools]] have been found in [[Dagestan]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chepalyga|first1=A.L.|last2=Amirkhanov|first2=Kh.A.|last3=Trubikhin|first3=V.M.|last4=Sadchikova|first4=T.A.|last5=Pirogov|first5=A.N.|last6=Taimazov|first6=A.I.|year=2011|title=Geoarchaeology of the earliest paleolithic sites (Oldowan) in the North Caucasus and the East Europe|url=http://paleogeo.org/article3.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520090413/http://paleogeo.org/article3.html|archive-date=20 May 2013|access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref> Some of them were over 1.5 million years old. Many [[Fossil|fossils]] of [[Archaic human|ancient humans]] were found in [[Denisova Cave]] in the [[Altai Mountains]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Douka|first1=K.|year=2019|title=Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave|url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1559&context=smhpapers1|journal=Nature|volume=565|issue=7741|pages=640–644|bibcode=2019Natur.565..640D|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0870-z|pmid=30700871|s2cid=59525455|access-date=2023-05-25|archive-date=2020-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506140551/https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1559&context=smhpapers1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Warren|first=Matthew|date=22 August 2018|title=Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=560|issue=7719|pages=417–418|bibcode=2018Natur.560..417W|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-06004-0|pmid=30135540|doi-access=free}}</ref> Russia had some of the last living [[Neanderthal|Neanderthals]] around 45,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Igor V. Ovchinnikov|last2=Anders Götherström|last3=Galina P. Romanova|last4=Vitaliy M. Kharitonov|last5=Kerstin Lidén|last6=William Goodwin|date=30 March 2000|title=Molecular analysis of Neanderthal DNA from the northern Caucasus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2000-03-30_404_6777/page/490|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=404|issue=6777|pages=490–493|bibcode=2000Natur.404..490O|doi=10.1038/35006625|pmid=10761915|s2cid=3101375}}</ref> They were found in [[Mezmaiskaya cave|Mezmaiskaya Cave]] in [[Adygea]]. [[File:Republics of Russia1.png|thumb|300px|left|Map showing the Republics of Russia]] The first known ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' ([[Ust'-Ishim man]]) in Russia lived around 45,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Fu Q, Li H, Moorjani P, Jay F, Slepchenko SM, Bondarev AA, Johnson PL, Aximu-Petri A, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Meyer M, Zwyns N, Salazar-García DC, Kuzmin YV, Keates SG, Kosintsev PA, Razhev DI, Richards MP, Peristov NV, Lachmann M, Douka K, Higham TF, Slatkin M, Hublin JJ, Reich D, Kelso J, Viola TB, Pääbo S|date=23 October 2014|title=Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia|journal=Nature|volume=514|issue=7523|pages=445–449|bibcode=2014Natur.514..445F|doi=10.1038/nature13810|pmc=4753769|pmid=25341783|hdl=10550/42071}}</ref> They lived in [[Western Siberia]]. Fossils of [[Human|humans]] from around 40,000 years ago were found at the [[Archaeological site|archaeological sites]] of [[Kostyonki–Borshchyovo]] and [[Sungir]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Sikora, Martin ''et al.''|year=2017|title=Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers|journal=Science|volume=358|issue=6363|pages=659–662|bibcode=2017Sci...358..659S|doi=10.1126/science.aao1807|pmid=28982795|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dinnis|first1=Rob|last2=Bessudnov|first2=Alexander|last3=Reynolds|first3=Natasha|last4=Devièse|first4=Thibaut|last5=Pate|first5=Abi|last6=Sablin|first6=Mikhail|last7=Sinitsyn|first7=Andrei|last8=Higham|first8=Thomas|year=2019|title=New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia)|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01982049/file/Dinnis%20et%20al%202019%20New%20data%20for%20the%20EUP%20of%20Kostenki%20%28green%20open-access%20post-print%29.pdf|journal=[[Journal of Human Evolution]]|volume=127|pages=21–40|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.11.012|pmid=30777356|s2cid=73486830|access-date=2023-05-25|archive-date=2022-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163036/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01982049/file/Dinnis%20et%20al%202019%20New%20data%20for%20the%20EUP%20of%20Kostenki%20%28green%20open-access%20post-print%29.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Both of these places are in [[European Russia]]. Humans got to [[Arctic Russia]] at least 40,000 years ago. Fossils and [[Artifact (culture)|artifacts]] were found at [[Mamontovaya Kurya]] in the [[Komi Republic]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pavlov|first=Pavel|author2=John Inge Svendsen|author3=Svein Indrelid|date=6 September 2001|title=Human presence in the European Arctic nearly 40,000 years ago|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-09-06_413_6851/page/64|journal=Nature|volume=413|issue=6851|pages=64–67|bibcode=2001Natur.413...64P|doi=10.1038/35092552|pmid=11544525|s2cid=1986562}}</ref> The [[Kurgan hypothesis]] says that the [[Volga]]-[[Dnieper]] region of southern Russia and [[Ukraine]] is the [[homeland]] of the [[Proto-Indo-Europeans]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anthony|first1=David W.|last2=Ringe|first2=Don|date=1 January 2015|title=The Indo-European Homeland from Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives|journal=Annual Review of Linguistics|volume=1|issue=1|pages=199–219|doi=10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812|issn=2333-9683}}</ref> The Indo-Europeans moved across many parts of [[Eurasia]] and spread the [[Indo-European languages]] and [[Yamnaya]] [[ancestry]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Haak|first1=Wolfgang|last2=Lazaridis|first2=Iosif|last3=Patterson|first3=Nick|last4=Rohland|first4=Nadin|last5=Mallick|first5=Swapan|last6=Llamas|first6=Bastien|last7=Brandt|first7=Guido|last8=Nordenfelt|first8=Susanne|last9=Harney|first9=Eadaoin|last10=Stewardson|first10=Kristin|last11=Fu|first11=Qiaomei|date=2015-06-11|title=Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe|journal=Nature|volume=522|issue=7555|pages=207–211|arxiv=1502.02783|bibcode=2015Natur.522..207H|doi=10.1038/nature14317|issn=0028-0836|pmc=5048219|pmid=25731166}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Gibbons|first=Ann|date=10 June 2015|title=Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians|journal=Science|publisher=AAAS|access-date=25 May 2023|archive-date=2 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902191050/https://www.science.org/content/article/nomadic-herders-left-strong-genetic-mark-europeans-and-asians|url-status=live}}</ref> Artifacts from these [[Civilization|civilizations]] were found in [[Ipatovo kurgan|Ipatovo]],<ref name="Belinskij">{{Cite journal |last1=Belinskij |first1=Andrej |last2=Härke |first2=Heinrich |title=The 'Princess' of Ipatovo |journal=Archeology |volume=52 |issue=2 |year=1999 |url=http://cat.he.net/~archaeol/9903/newsbriefs/ipatovo.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610043326/http://cat.he.net/~archaeol/9903/newsbriefs/ipatovo.html |archive-date=10 June 2008 |access-date=26 December 2007}}</ref> [[Sintashta]],<ref name="mounted">{{Cite book|title=Early Riders: The beginnings of mounted warfare in Asia and Europe|author=Drews, Robert|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-0-415-32624-7|location=New York|page=50}}</ref> [[Arkaim]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Koryakova, L.|title=Sintashta-Arkaim Culture|url=http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Sin.Ark.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104055/http://www.csen.org/koryakova2/Korya.Sin.Ark.html|archive-date=28 February 2019|access-date=13 May 2021|publisher=The Center for the Study of the Eurasian Nomads (CSEN)}}</ref> and [[Pazyryk burials|Pazyryk]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1998 NOVA documentary: "Ice Mummies: Siberian Ice Maiden"|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2517siberian.html|access-date=13 May 2021|work=Transcript|archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204101907/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2517siberian.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The earliest known use of [[Horses in warfare|horses in war]] was found in these places as well.<ref name="mounted" /> This region is known as the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe]]. It was named [[Scythia]] in [[classical antiquity]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rostovtsev|first=M.|date=January 1921|title=South Russia in the Prehistoric and Classical Period|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1921-01_26_2/page/203|journal=[[The American Historical Review]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|volume=26|pages=203–224|doi=10.2307/1835935|jstor=1835935|number=2}}</ref> === Antiquity === {{See also|Scythia|Goths|Huns|Khazars}} In the late [[8th century]], [[Greek]] traders [[Settler|settled]] Scythia.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World|author=Jacobson, E.|publisher=Brill|year=1995|isbn=978-90-04-09856-5|page=38}}</ref><ref name="CUP1">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Hind|first=John|title=The Bosporan Kingdom|encyclopedia=The Cambridge Ancient History|volume=VI - The 4th Century BC|pages=476–511|editor1-last=Lewis|editor1-first=D. M.|editor2-last=Boardman|editor2-first=J.|editor3-last=Hornblower|editor3-first=S.|editor4-last=Ostwald|editor4-first=M.|publisher=CUP|location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Greek Colonisation of the Black Sea Area: Historical Interpretation of Archaeology|author=Tsetskhladze, G. R.|publisher=F. Steiner|year=1998|isbn=978-3-515-07302-8|page=48}}</ref> It became part of the [[Kingdom of Pontus]] in 107 BC until Pontus was conquered by the [[Roman Empire]]. The Bosporan Kingdom became a [[client state]] of the Roman Empire until the Bosporan Kingdom was conquered by the [[Nomad|nomadic]] [[Huns]] and [[Pannonian Avars]].<ref>Peter Turchin, ''Historical Dynamics: Why States Rise and Fall'', Princeton University Press, 2003, pp. 185–186. {{ISBN|0-691-11669-5}}.</ref> The [[Khazars]] ruled the lower [[Volga]] [[River basin|basin]] [[Steppe|steppes]] until the [[8th century|8th century AD]].<ref name="Christian">David Christian, ''A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia'', Blackwell Publishing, 1998, pp. 286–288. {{ISBN|0-631-20814-3}}.</ref> They were important [[Alliance|allies]] of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]].<ref>András Róna-Tas, ''Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History'', Central European University Press, 1999, p. 257. {{ISBN|963-9116-48-3}}.</ref> === Kievan Rus' === {{Main|Kievan Rus'|East Slavs}} Russia's history began when the [[Slavic peoples|East Slavs]] settled Western Russia between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|title=Russia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109504/Russia|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2008-01-31|archive-date=2008-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080722203739/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109504/Russia|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Varangians]] and their [[Generation|descendants]] made the first East Slavic [[state]] of [[Kievan Rus']] in the 9th century. They adopted [[Christianity]] from the [[Byzantine Empire]] in 988.<ref name="Curtis">{{cite web|year=1998|editor=Glenn E. Curtis|title=Russia: A Country Study: Kievan Rus' and Mongol Periods|url=http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Kievan.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230631/http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Kievan.html|archive-date=2007-09-27|publisher=Washington, DC: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress|accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref> This form of Christianity influenced Russian culture greatly.<ref name="Curtis" /> Kievan Rus' eventually broke up and the lands were divided into many small [[Feudalism|feudal states]]. The most powerful successor state to Kievan Rus' was the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]].<ref>Mick C. (8 March 2022) [https://theconversation.com/how-moscow-has-long-used-the-historic-kyivan-rus-state-to-justify-expansionism-178092 How Moscow has long used the historic Kyivan Rus state to justify expansionism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229192022/https://theconversation.com/how-moscow-has-long-used-the-historic-kyivan-rus-state-to-justify-expansionism-178092 |date=2022-12-29 }}. ''The Conversation''</ref> This area served as the main force in later Russian unification and the fight against the [[Golden Horde]] from Asia. Moscow slowly gained control of the regions around it and took over the cultural and political life of Kievan Rus'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kievian Russia|url=https://www.expresstorussia.com/experience-russia/kievian-russia.html|access-date=2022-12-29|website=Express to Russia|archive-date=2022-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229192025/https://www.expresstorussia.com/experience-russia/kievian-russia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tsardom of Russia === Tsardom of Russia existed from 1547 to 1721. [[Ivan the Terrible]] was the first ruler of the Tsardom of Russia. He created [[oprichnina]] and annexed many lands ([[Astrakhan]], [[Siberia|parts of Siberia]]). === Russian Empire === [[File:Peter der-Grosse 1838.jpg|upright|thumbnail|[[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] proclaimed the [[Russian Empire]] in 1721.]] In the 18th century, the nation had expanded through conquest, [[annexation]] and [[exploration]]. So [[Russian Empire]], the third-largest empire in history, was formed. It stretched from the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] eastward to the [[Pacific Ocean]] and [[Alaska]]. The empire was ruled by an [[emperor]] called the [[Tsar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=tsar {{!}} title {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/tsar|access-date=2022-12-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226161343/https://www.britannica.com/topic/tsar|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Peter the Great]] ruled Russia from 1689 until 1725.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Peter I {{!}} Biography, Accomplishments, Reforms, Facts, Significance, & Death {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great|access-date=2022-12-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2019-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011215025/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great|url-status=live}}</ref> Peter moved the capital from [[Moscow]] to a new city named [[Saint Petersburg]]. He made Russian society more modern in many ways. For example, his inspectors shaved off the beards of [[passers-by]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Winterhalter|first=Elizabeth|date=2021-07-22|title=Peter the Great's Beard Tax|url=https://daily.jstor.org/peter-the-greats-beard-tax/|access-date=2022-12-29|website=JSTOR Daily|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229194015/https://daily.jstor.org/peter-the-greats-beard-tax/|url-status=live}}</ref> The government began building ships for the Russian navy.<ref name=":1" /> The [[Russo-Japanese War]] started in 1904 and ended in 1905 with Japan winning the war.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russo-Japanese War {{!}} Causes, Summary, Maps, & Significance {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Russo-Japanese-War|access-date=2022-12-29|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230070745/https://www.britannica.com/event/Russo-Japanese-War|url-status=live}}</ref> The Russian defeat was one of the reasons for later [[revolution]]s. === Russian Republic === {{main|Russian Republic}} 1917 was a period of [[Russian Revolution|revolutions]] in Russia. The Government was dissolved after [[October Revolution]] in 1917. The [[Bolshevik]]s (later called "[[Communism|Communists]]") took over the country. They murdered the [[Nicholas II of Russia|Tsar Nicholas II]], as well as other people who stood against them.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBfnjdxFUkUC&pg=PA29|title=The Russian Revolution, 1917|last1=Wade|first1=Rex A.|last2=Wade|first2=Rex A.|date=2005-04-21|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84155-9|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04|archive-date=2023-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122071934/https://books.google.com/books?id=uBfnjdxFUkUC&pg=PA29|url-status=live}}</ref> The Bolsheviks, led by [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Leon Trotsky]], created the first [[Marxism|Marxist]] [[communist]] state. The Duma declared a [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]]. It was better known as the [[:en:Russian Republic|Russian Republic]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927175125/http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=221104 The Russian Revolution] in the [[History (TV channel)|History Channel]] Encyclopedia.</ref> Vladimir Lenin was the [[Premier of the Soviet Union|head of government]] of [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] from 1917 to 1924. The Russian Republic existed from 1917 to 1918. === USSR === From 1924 to 1953, [[Joseph Stalin]] ruled as the absolute dictator of [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joseph Stalin: Death, Quotes & Facts|url=https://www.history.com/topics/russia/joseph-stalin|access-date=2022-12-31|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2018-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912144422/https://www.history.com/topics/russia/joseph-stalin|url-status=live}}</ref> He destroyed anything and anyone that was against his rule. For example, he took the property of farmers and shopkeepers.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Volin|first=Lazar|date=1937|title=Agrarian Collectivism in the Soviet Union: I|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1825998|journal=Journal of Political Economy|volume=45|issue=5|pages=606–633|doi=10.1086/255112|jstor=1825998|s2cid=153383788|issn=0022-3808|access-date=2023-01-03|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103152446/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1825998|url-status=live}}</ref> Many millions of people starved and died in [[famine]]s because of this.<ref>McCauley, Martin (2013). ''Stalin and Stalinism''. Routledge. p. 43.</ref> Stalin also removed, or "purged", all military members who were not loyal to him. Many people were killed or sent to prison camps, or [[gulag]]s, for many years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Gulag|url=https://www.history.com/topics/russia/gulag|access-date=2023-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201234837/https://www.history.com/topics/russia/gulag|url-status=live}}</ref> Many prisoners died in gulags.<ref name=":2" /> Soviet Russia and [[Nazi Germany]] agreed not to attack each other in 1939.<ref>{{Cite web|title=German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact {{!}} History, Facts, & Significance {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/German-Soviet-Nonaggression-Pact|access-date=2023-01-03|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=2009-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826044040/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230972/German-Soviet-Nonaggression-Pact|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 1941, Germany broke the agreement and attacked in [[Operation Barbarossa]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941|url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/invasion-of-the-soviet-union-june-1941|access-date=2023-01-03|website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102194251/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/invasion-of-the-soviet-union-june-1941|url-status=live}}</ref> The attack was part of [[World War II]].<ref name=":3" /> The war lasted in Europe until May 1945, and Russia lost more than 20 million people during that time. In spite of this large loss, Russia was one of the winners of the war and became a world [[superpower]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is Russia a superpower? Very doubtful|url=https://voxukraine.org/en/is-russia-a-superpower-very-doubtful|access-date=2023-01-03|website=voxukraine.org|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153502/https://voxukraine.org/en/is-russia-a-superpower-very-doubtful|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1961, [[Yuri Gagarin]] flew into [[Outer space|space]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/vostok1firsthuma0000cole|title=Vostok 1 : first human in space|last=Cole|first=Michael D.|date=1995|publisher=Springfield, N.J. : Enslow Publishers|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-89490-541-4}}</ref> He was the first man who was in space.<ref name=":4" /> Since this period USSR was considered to be a space power. It was during the [[Space Race|space race]] between USSR and USA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Space Race|url=https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race|access-date=2023-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330020539/https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/space-race|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1922 to 1991, Russia was the largest part of the [[Soviet Union]], or the ''Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'' (USSR). People sometimes used the name "Russia" for the whole Soviet Union, or sometimes "Soviet Russia".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-09-04|title=Article One: Declaration of Rights of the Laboring and Exploited People|url=http://russiannewsnetwork.com/article1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020904232218/http://russiannewsnetwork.com/article1.html|archive-date=2002-09-04|access-date=2023-01-03}}</ref> Russia was only one of 15 [[Soviet Socialist Republic]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klein|first=Christopher|title=What Countries Were Part of the Soviet Union?|url=https://www.history.com/news/what-countries-were-in-soviet-union|access-date=2023-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153503/https://www.history.com/news/what-countries-were-in-soviet-union|url-status=live}}</ref> The republic was in fact named the "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" (RSFSR). The Soviet Union fell apart in 1991.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kramer|first=Mark|date=2003|title=Introduction|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26925259|journal=Journal of Cold War Studies|volume=5|issue=1|pages=3–16|doi=10.1162/152039703322483747|jstor=26925259|issn=1520-3972|access-date=2023-01-03|archive-date=2023-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103153502/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26925259|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia took over the place of the USSR in the [[United Nations]] (UN). === History of present Russian Federation === [[File:Moscow, City May 2010 03.JPG|thumb|[[Moscow International Business Center]] under construction]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] was made the President of Russia in June 1991, in the first direct presidential election in Russian history. Wide-ranging reforms took place, for example [[privatization]] and [[free trade]] laws.<ref name="OECD">{{cite web|title=Russian Federation|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/50/2452793.pdf|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)|accessdate=24 February 2008|archive-date=26 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203432/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/50/2452793.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Radical changes (shock therapy) were recommended by the United States and [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sciolino, E.|date=21 December 1993|title=U.S. is abandoning 'shock therapy' for the Russians|work=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED91F39F932A15751C1A965958260|accessdate=20 January 2008|archive-date=19 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919021034/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEED91F39F932A15751C1A965958260|url-status=live}}</ref> A major economic crisis followed. There was 50% decline in [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and industrial output between 1990 and 1995.<ref name="OECD" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Russia: Economic Conditions in Mid-1996|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ru0119)|publisher=Library of Congress|accessdate=4 March 2011|archive-date=26 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726090900/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+ru0119%29|url-status=live}}</ref> The privatization largely shifted control of enterprises from state agencies to individuals with inside connections in the government system. Many of the newly rich business people took billions in cash and assets outside of the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia: Clawing Its Way Back to Life (int'l edition)|url=http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_48/b3657252.htm|work=BusinessWeek|accessdate=27 December 2007|archive-date=31 August 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000831004712/http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_48/b3657252.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The depression of state and economy led to the collapse of social services. Millions went into poverty, from 1.5% of people being in poverty in the late Soviet era to 39–49% by mid-1993.<ref name="worldbank">{{Cite book|title=Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transformation from Planned to Market Economy|author=Branko Milanovic|publisher=The World Bank|year=1998|pages=186–189}}</ref> The 1990s had extreme corruption and lawlessness, and the rise of criminal gangs and violent crime.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jason Bush|date=19 October 2006|title=What's Behind Russia's Crime Wave?|url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/oct2006/gb20061019_110749_page_2.htm|journal=BusinessWeek Journal|access-date=13 December 2012|archive-date=20 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220105050/http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/oct2006/gb20061019_110749_page_2.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The 1990s had many armed conflicts in the [[North Caucasus]]. There were both local ethnic battles and [[separatist]] [[Islamist]] insurrections. Because the [[Chechnya|Chechen]] separatists declared independence in the early 1990s, a Chechen War was fought between the rebel groups and the Russian military. [[Terrorist]] attacks against [[civilian]]s caused hundreds of deaths. The most notable of these were the [[Moscow theater hostage crisis]] and [[Beslan school siege]]. Russia took responsibility for settling the USSR's external debts, even though its population made up just half of the population of the USSR at the time of its dissolution.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 August 2006|title=Russia pays off USSR's entire debt, sets to become crediting country|url=http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/22-08-2006/84038-paris-club-0|publisher=Pravda.ru|accessdate=27 December 2007|archive-date=19 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819095949/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/22-08-2006/84038-paris-club-0|url-status=live}}</ref> High budget [[Economic deficit|deficits]] caused the [[1998 Russian financial crisis]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Aslund A|title=Russia's Capitalist Revolution|url=http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/aslund0108.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030126/http://www.iie.com/publications/papers/aslund0108.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|accessdate=28 March 2008}}</ref> and resulted in more GDP decline.<ref name="OECD" /> On 31 December 1999, President Yeltsin [[Resignation|resigned]] (quit being the president). The job of president was given to the recently [[Appointment|appointed]] Prime Minister, [[Vladimir Putin]]. Putin then won the 2000 presidential election. Putin stopped the Chechen rebellion quickly, but violence still occurs in the Northern Caucasus at times. High oil prices and initially weak [[currency]] followed by increasing [[Demand|domestic demand]], [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]] and [[investment]]s has helped the economy grow for nine straight years. This improved the standard of living and increased Russia's influence on the world stage. While many reforms made during the Putin presidency have been criticized by Western nations as un-democratic,<ref>{{cite web|author=Treisman, D|title=Is Russia's Experiment with Democracy Over?|url=http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|publisher=UCLA International Institute|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=11 November 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111074502/http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=16294|url-status=live}}</ref> Putin's leadership led to [[stability]] and progress. This won him widespread popularity in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Stone, N|date=4 December 2007|title=No wonder they like Putin|work=The Times|location=UK|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article2994651.ece|accessdate=31 December 2007|archive-date=25 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525073652/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article2994651.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 March 2008, [[Dmitry Medvedev]] was elected [[President of Russia]], whilst Putin became [[Prime Minister of Russia|Prime Minister]]. Putin went back to being the president after the 2012 presidential elections, and Medvedev was made the Prime Minister. On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation attacked Ukraine, starting the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Osborn|first1=Andrew|last2=Nikolskaya|first2=Polina|last3=Nikolskaya|first3=Polina|date=2022-02-24|title=Russia's Putin authorises 'special military operation' against Ukraine|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-authorises-military-operations-donbass-domestic-media-2022-02-24/|access-date=2022-12-31|archive-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224032217/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-authorises-military-operations-donbass-domestic-media-2022-02-24/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 June 2023, [[Wagner Group|the Wagner Group]], a Russian [[paramilitary]] organization, initiated a [[rebellion]] against the government of Russia. The revolt arose amidst escalating tensions between the [[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defense]] and [[Yevgeny Prigozhin]], the leader of [[Wagner Group|Wagner]]. == Size and resources == At {{convert|17075400|km2|sqmi|sp=us|abbr=off}}, Russia is the [[largest country in the world]]. It covers more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's eighth [[List of countries by population|most populous nation]] with 140&nbsp;million people as of 2022. Russia produces a lot of energy made from [[oil]] and [[natural gas]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/4883,news-comment,news-politics,beware-russia-energy-superpower |title=Beware Russia, energy superpower |work=thefirstpost.co.uk |accessdate=14 April 2010 |archive-date=11 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011081110/http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/4883,news-comment,news-politics,beware-russia-energy-superpower |url-status=live }}</ref> Russia extends from eastern [[Europe]] across the whole of [[Asia|northern Asia]]. Russia spans eleven [[time zones]] and has a wide range of [[environments]] and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.ru/en/?module=pages&action=view&id=1|title=Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO: Panorama of Russia|publisher=Unesco.ru|accessdate=29 October 2010|archive-date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110323113010/http://www.unesco.ru/en/?module=pages&action=view&id=1|url-status=live}}</ref> and is the largest producer of [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] in the world.<ref name=IEA-Oil>{{Cite web |url=http://omrpublic.iea.org/omrarchive/18jan12sup.pdf |title=Supply of oil: IEA archive |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2012-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518015934/http://omrpublic.iea.org/omrarchive/18jan12sup.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=cia-gas>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html |title=CIA World Factbook |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2012-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129080858/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2180rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Russia has the world's largest [[forest]] reserves,<ref name="fao.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf |title=FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assesment 2010. Main Report. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy |access-date=2012-12-13 |archive-date=2015-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501011053/http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FAO 2010">[http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i1757r/i1757r.pdf FAO. 2010. Global Forest Resources Assesment 2010. Main Report. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018091350/http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i1757r/i1757r.pdf |date=2012-10-18 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> and its [[lakes]] contain about one-quarter of the world's [[fresh water]].<ref name=loc>{{cite web|last=Library of Congress|title=Topography and drainage|url=http://countrystudies.us/russia/23.htm|accessdate=26 December 2007|archive-date=27 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927170546/http://countrystudies.us/russia/23.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> == Constitution == Russia is a federal semi-presidential republic. It has a president and a [[parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation|work=(Article 80, §1)|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-05.htm|accessdate=27 December 2007|archive-date=12 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212183338/http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-05.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Russia has 85 federal subjects (territorial units). All subjects of the [[federation]] shall be equal. All entities are subject to uniform federal law. Subjects of the federation have two representatives in the parliament. Subjects of the Russian Federation do not have the right to [[secession|secede]] from it. Important issues are decided by the Federation President. Lesser powers are given to the member republics. At the end of the twentieth century, Russia experienced many political changes. Some people fought to leave the federation. Elections are held at all levels. According to Steve White, the present government made it clear that they had no plans of making a "second edition" of the American or British political system. Instead they wanted a system that was closer to Russia's own traditions.<ref>{{cite book|last1=White|first1=Stephen|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=White|title=Developments in Russian Politics 7|url=https://archive.org/details/developmentsinru0000unse_f7k7|year=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-0-230-22449-0|chapter=Classifying Russia's Politics}}</ref> Richard Sakwa wrote that the [[Government of Russia|Russian government]] is considered legitimate by the majority of the Russian people. It seeks to deliver a set of public goods without trying to fit to extra-democratic logic to achieve them. Whether the system is becoming less [[autocratic]] ([[dictator]]ial) is debatable.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sakwa|first1=Richard|editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=White|title=Developments in Russian Politics 7|url=https://archive.org/details/developmentsinru0000unse_f7k7|year=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-0-230-22449-0|chapter=Politics in Russia}}</ref> === Politics === There are four big political parties in Russia. [[United Russia]] (Единая Россия) is the biggest party.<ref name=":0">Reuter, Ora John (March 2010). "[https://ojreuter.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Reuter_EAStudies.pdf The Politics of Dominant Party Formation: United Russia and Russia's Governors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324085847/https://ojreuter.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Reuter_EAStudies.pdf |date=2023-03-24 }}". ''Europe-Asia Studies''. Taylor & Francis. '''62''' (2): 293–327</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan=1 | Name ! Ideology ! Leader ! [[Member of Parliament|MPs]]<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/#government Russia.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/#government |date=2021-01-09 }} The World Factbook.</ref> |- | [[United Russia]]<br><small>''Единая Россия''</small> | [[Conservatism]], [[Centrism]] | [[Dmitry Medvedev]] | align="right"| 324 |- | [[Communist Party of the Russian Federation]]<br><small>''Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации''</small> | [[Communism]], [[Marxism-Leninism]] | [[Gennady Zyuganov]] | align="right"| 57 |- | [[A Just Russia]]<br><small>''Справедливая Россия''</small> | [[Social democracy]], [[Democratic socialism]] | [[Sergei Mironov]] | align="right" | 27 |- | [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]<br><small>''Либерально-Демократическая Партия России''</small> | [[Nationalism]], Authoritarian conservatism | Leonid Slutsky | align="right" | 21 |- | New People<br><small>''Новые люди''</small> | [[Liberalism]]<ref name="parties-and-elections.eu"/> | Alexey Nechayev | align="right" | 13 |- |[[Civic Platform (Russia)|Civic Platform]] ''<small>Гражданская платформа</small>'' |[[Conservatism]], [[Economic liberalism]] [[Liberal conservatism]] |[[Rifat Shaykhutdinov]] |align="right" |1 |- | Party of Growth<br><small>''Партия роста''</small> | [[Liberal conservatism]]<ref name="parties-and-elections.eu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html |title=Parties and Elections in Europe |access-date=2022-07-01 |archive-date=2017-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322072643/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/russia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | Boris Titov<ref>[https://www.orfonline.org/research/political-opposition-russia-2018-composition-challenges-prospects/ Political opposition in Russia in 2018: Composition, challenges and prospects.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712224759/https://www.orfonline.org/research/political-opposition-russia-2018-composition-challenges-prospects/ |date=2022-07-12 }} ORF</ref> | align="right" | 1 |- |[[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]] <small>''Родина''</small> |[[Russian nationalism]] [[National conservatism]] |[[Aleksey Zhuravlyov (politician)|Alexey Zhuravlyov]] |align="right" |1 |- |Independent | | |align="right" |5 |- |'''''<big>Total</big>''''' | | |align="right" | '''''450''''' |} The United Russia is the ruling party, which supports the government.<ref name=":0" /> The other parties in the Duma (Russian parliament) do not criticize the government strongly, for fear of losing their places in the [[Duma]]. Many [[Opposition party|opposition parties]], for the ''People's Freedom Party'' and the ''Other Russia,'' have been unable to register due to the strict rules. In the 2000s, the government led a war in [[Chechnya]], and in the process, [[civil liberties]] and independent media were restricted. Corruption is widespread and human rights, especially in the [[North Caucasus]], are frequently violated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.assembly.coe.int/committeedocs/2010/20100531_caucasus_e.pdf |title=Legal remedies for human rights violations in the NorthCaucasus Region |access-date=2022-12-29 |archive-date=2022-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229190716/http://www.assembly.coe.int/committeedocs/2010/20100531_caucasus_e.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, Putin's government was in a [[2008 South Ossetia war|war with Georgia]] in a dispute over a region with many ethnic Russians. == Geography == The most western point of Russia is near [[Kaliningrad]], formerly named [[Königsberg]]. The most eastern point of Russia is Diomid Island, {{convert|19|nmi}} from mainland [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug|Chukotka]] (Russia) and {{convert|19|nmi|mi km}} from [[Alaska]] ([[USA]]). The most southern point is in [[Caucasus]], on the border with [[Azerbaijan]]. The most northern point is on the [[Franz Josef Land]] [[archipelago]] in [[Arctic Ocean]], {{convert|490|nmi}} from the [[North Pole]]. === Cities and towns === {{Main|List of cities and towns in Russia by population|List of cities and towns in Russia}} Russia's capital and biggest city is [[Moscow]]. The second-biggest city is [[Saint Petersburg]], which was the capital of Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. === Administrative divisions === {{Main|Federal subjects of Russia}} Russia is divided into many different types of [[administrative division]]s. Some of these are called [[Federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]]. They are the top-level subdivision of Russia. Other types of Russian subdivisions include [[Federal districts of Russia|federal districts]] and [[Economic regions of Russia|economic regions]].[[File:Map_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_(2012).svg|thumb|center|500px|Federal subjects of the Russian Federation]] == Demographics == <div style="font-size: 90%"> {| class="wikitable" border="1" table cellspacing="0" style="border:1px black; float:left; margin-left:1em;" ! style="background-color: #F99;" colspan="2"|Ethnic composition (2010) |- |[[Russians]]||80.90% |- |[[Tatars]]||3.87% |- |[[Ukrainians]]||1.40% |- |[[Bashkirs]]||1.15% |- |[[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]||1.05% |- |[[Chechen people|Chechen]]||1.04% |- |[[Armenians]]||0.86% |- |Other/unspecified||9.73% |} {{clear}} </div> [[File:Population of Russia.PNG|thumbnail|right|Population (in millions) 1950–January 2009]] Russia has a [[population]] of 142 million people. Most people (73.7%) live in cities. The population decreased by 5 million people after the fall of the [[Soviet Union]]. The current population growth is close to zero, and the population went down by 0.085% in 2008. Russia's area is about 17 million square kilometers (6.5 million square miles). It is the largest country in the world.<ref>[http://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/largest.html Largest Countries in the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903114350/http://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/largest.html |date=2011-09-03 }} Infoplease - Accessed 7 September 2011</ref> Its [[population density]] is about 8.3 people per square kilometre (21.5 per square mile). This is one of the lowest country densities in the world. The population is most dense in the European part of the country, centering around [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]]. [[Siberia]] has a very low density. === Religion === [[File:Moscow - Cathedral of Christ the Saviour.jpg|thumbnail|upright|[[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (Moscow)|Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]], demolished during the Soviet period, was reconstructed from 1990 to 2000.]] The main [[religion]] in Russia is the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. It is one of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]es.<ref>"[https://docviewer.yandex.com/view/0/?*=rvAv5PGTc%2Fw%2BBFV6QOUZtaf5gYF7InVybCI6InlhLWRpc2stcHVibGljOi8vMWV1aDl5RDFpcnZKeVZNNSswWWFaZktqRFhoOXZDNWhldUlGTU5uQU4zQT0iLCJ0aXRsZSI6IlNyZWRhX2Jsb2tfcHJlc3Nfc20yLnBkZiIsInVpZCI6IjAiLCJub2lmcmFtZSI6ZmFsc2UsInRzIjoxNTI0NDg3NTUzMTcwfQ%3D%3D&page=1 Арена: Атлас религий и национальностей] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508195328/https://docviewer.yandex.com/view/0/?*=rvAv5PGTc%2Fw%2BBFV6QOUZtaf5gYF7InVybCI6InlhLWRpc2stcHVibGljOi8vMWV1aDl5RDFpcnZKeVZNNSswWWFaZktqRFhoOXZDNWhldUlGTU5uQU4zQT0iLCJ0aXRsZSI6IlNyZWRhX2Jsb2tfcHJlc3Nfc20yLnBkZiIsInVpZCI6IjAiLCJub2lmcmFtZSI6ZmFsc2UsInRzIjoxNTI0NDg3NTUzMTcwfQ%3D%3D&page=1 |date=2019-05-08 }}" [Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities] (PDF). Среда (Sreda). 2012.</ref> {{clear}} == Culture == === Music and ballet === [[File:Peter Tschaikowski.jpg|thumbnail|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] (1840–1893), composer|243x243px]] Some very famous [[composer]]s that were born in Russia during the 20th century were [[Alexander Scriabin]], [[Igor Stravinsky]], [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]], and [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]. Russia has produced some of the greatest [[pianists]]: [[Anton Rubinstein]], [[Vladimir Horowitz]] and [[Vladimir Ashkenazy]] are among the all-time greats. Russian composer [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]] created famous ballets, for example [[The Nutcracker]]. The impressario [[Sergei Diaghilev]] was responsible for the development of ballet in the early 20th century with the [[Ballets Russes]]. Dance companies at the [[Mariinsky Theatre]] and the [[Bolshoi Theatre|Bolshoi Ballet]] produced many famous [[dancer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://petersburgcity.com/news/culture/2005/11/18/theatre/|title=A Tale of Two Operas|publisher=Petersburg City|accessdate=2008-01-11|archive-date=2020-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507180340/http://petersburgcity.com/news/culture/2005/11/18/theatre/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Literature === [[File:L.N.Tolstoy Prokudin-Gorsky.jpg|thumbnail|right|258x258px|[[Leo Tolstoy]] wrote ''[[War and Peace]]''.]] Russians have made many famous works of [[literature]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564269/Russian_Literature.html|title=Russian Literature|last=Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2007|accessdate=2008-01-07|archive-date=2009-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820090445/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761564269/Russian_Literature.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Alexander Pushkin]] is considered a founder of modern Russian literature. He was a poet from the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kelly|first=Catriona|title=Russian Literature: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) (Paperback)|url=https://archive.org/details/russianliteratur00kell_0|date=23 August 2001|publisher=Oxford Paperbacks|isbn=0192801449}}</ref> Other famous poets and writers of the 19th century were [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Mikhail Lermontov]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Nikolai Gogol]] (he was born in what is now [[Ukraine]], but during his lifetime Ukraine was a part of Russia), [[Ivan Turgenev]] and [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]]. Many people think Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky are two of the greatest novelists ever.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-29157/Russian-literature|publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2008-04-11|title=Russian literature; Leo Tolstoy|archive-date=2008-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519042015/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-29157/Russian-literature|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Time Magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943893,00.html?promoid=googlep|accessdate=2008-04-10|title=Freaking-Out with Fyodor|author=Otto Friedrich|archive-date=2012-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103141539/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943893,00.html?promoid=googlep|url-status=dead}}</ref> Three Russians won the Nobel Prize for Literature in the 20th century: [[Boris Pasternak]] (1958), [[Mikhail Sholokhov]] (1965) and [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] (1980).<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Nobel Prizes in Literature|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature|access-date=2023-01-29|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008053237/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mikhail Bulgakov]] was one of the most popular writers of the 20th century.<ref>Lovell, Stephen (1998). "Bulgakov as Soviet Culture". ''The Slavonic and East European Review''. Modern Humanities Research Association. '''76''' (1): 28–48. JSTOR 4212557.</ref> === Sports === [[Soccer]], [[ice hockey]] and [[basketball]] are some of the most popular sports in Russia. Boxing, gymnastics, weightlifting, and [[tennis]] are also popular sports. Track suits are popular clothing items for many Russians. Some examples of famous Russian sports people are former tennis world number one [[Maria Sharapova]], who has won three Grand Slam titles, and was the world's highest paid female athlete in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/22/women-athletes-endorsements-biz-sports-cx_tvr_kb_0722athletes.html|accessdate=2008-08-01|author=Tom Van Riper and Kurt Badenhausen|title=Top-Earning Female Athletes|work=Forbes|archive-date=2018-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704010408/https://www.forbes.com/2008/07/22/women-athletes-endorsements-biz-sports-cx_tvr_kb_0722athletes.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[1952 Summer Olympics|1952 Olympic Games]], Soviet and later Russian athletes have been third place in gold medals collected at the Summer Olympics. The [[1980 Summer Olympics|1980 Summer Olympic Games]] were hosted in Moscow, while the [[2014 Winter Olympics]] were hosted in [[Sochi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia – Sochi|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html|access-date=31 May 2021|publisher=[[Formula One]]|archive-date=21 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321211802/https://www.formula1.com/en/information.russia-sochi-autodrom.3nDdZPizsnPEtlHysv115Y.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=3 March 2022|title=Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/60601632|access-date=7 July 2022|work=[[BBC]]|archive-date=5 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605081246/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/60601632|url-status=live}}</ref> For the [[2018 Winter Olympics]], which were held in [[Pyeongchang]], [[South Korea]], a lot of athletes could not compete because the [[International Olympic Committee]] found out they had been [[Doping in sport|doping]]. Those who were not caught doping were able to play in the 2018 Olympics as "Olympic Athletes from Russia". They won two gold medals, and one in ice hockey.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-sports/42242007|title=Russian doping: IOC bans Russia from 2018 Winter Olympics|date=2017-12-05|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en-GB|archive-date=2017-12-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215071324/http://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-sports/42242007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sullivan|first=Emily|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2018/02/25/588597882/after-going-shot-for-shot-olympic-athletes-from-russia-win-mens-hockey-gold|title=After Going Shot For Shot, Olympic Athletes From Russia Win Men's Hockey Gold|work=National Public Radio|date=2018-02-25|access-date=2018-03-07|language=en|archive-date=2018-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306232941/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetorch/2018/02/25/588597882/after-going-shot-for-shot-olympic-athletes-from-russia-win-mens-hockey-gold|url-status=live}}</ref> In 6 appearances, Russian athletes have won a total of 425 medals at the [[summer Olympics]] and 121 at the [[winter Olympics]]. However, more than 30% of these medals were taken from Russia and its teams. ==== Chess ==== [[Chess]] is the main intellectual sport in Russia.<ref>{{cite web|last=Beam|first=Christopher|date=25 September 2009|title=Why are the Russians so good at chess?|url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html|access-date=21 June 2021|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331071732/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2009/09/how-did-russians-get-so-good-at-chess.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the 20th century, there were nine Russian [[List of World Chess Champions|World Chess Champions]], more than all other nations combined.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=160YAAAAIAAJ|title=The Oxford Companion to Chess|last1=Hooper|first1=David|last2=Whyld|first2=Ken|date=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-866164-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQBpr6KAdHkC|title=A Short History of Chess|last=Davidson|first=Henry A.|date=2012-10-10|publisher=Crown|isbn=978-0-307-82829-3|language=en|access-date=2023-02-04|archive-date=2021-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826010239/https://books.google.com/books?id=PQBpr6KAdHkC|url-status=live}}</ref> === Food === [[File:Russian Food 01.jpg|thumb|249x249px|Typical Russian food]] Russian cuisine is one of the most famous in the world. It was divided: Old Russian cuisine, Old Moscow cuisine, Petersburg cuisine. The main thing of Russian food is variety of products used for cooking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russian cuisine|url=https://bridgetomoscow.com/russian-cuisine|access-date=2022-12-30|website=bridgetomoscow.com|language=en|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230110832/https://bridgetomoscow.com/russian-cuisine|url-status=live}}</ref> Typical Russian food includes: [https://bridgetomoscow.com/bliny bliny], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/pelmeni pelmeni], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/salad-olivier olivier salad], [[pie]]s (called ''[[pirog]]i'') etc. Russians have many [[soup]]s such as okroshka, shchi, borsch, ukha, rassolnik. Russian traditional drinks are [[kvass]], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/mors mors], [https://bridgetomoscow.com/sbiten sbiten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230095018/https://bridgetomoscow.com/sbiten |date=2022-12-30 }}, medovukha, [[vodka]], birch sap. ==Related pages== * [[Crime in Russia]] * [[List of rivers of Russia]] * [[Russia at the Olympics]] * [[Russia national football team]] * [[Soviet Union]] * [[Russia at the Olympics]] == References == {{reflist|2}} === Notes === <references group="note"/> <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==Further reading== {{refbegin|3}} * Bartlett, Roger P. ''A history of Russia'' (2005) [https://archive.org/details/historyofrussia00bart online] * Breslauer, George W. and Colton, Timothy J. 2017. ''Russia Beyond Putin'' ([[Daedalus (journal)|Daedalus]]) [https://www.amacad.org/daedalus/russia-beyond-putin online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121032944/https://www.amacad.org/daedalus/russia-beyond-putin |date=2022-01-21 }} * Brown, Archie, ed. ''The Cambridge encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union'' (1982) [https://archive.org/details/cambridgeencyclo00brow online] * {{cite book | last1=Dutkiewicz | first1=P. | last2=Richard | first2=S. | last3=Vladimir | first3=K. | title=The Social History of Post-Communist Russia | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-317-32846-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vo7DCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 | access-date=11 April 2022 }} * Florinsky, Michael T. ed. ''McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Russia and the Soviet Union'' (1961). * Frye, Timothy. ''Weak Strongman: The Limits of Power in Putin's Russia'' (2021) [https://www.amazon.com/Weak-Strongman-Limits-Putins-Russia/dp/0691212465/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331074724/https://www.amazon.com/Weak-Strongman-Limits-Putins-Russia/dp/0691212465 |date=2022-03-31 }} * Greene, by Samuel A. and Graeme B. Robertson. ''Putin v. the People: the Perilous Politics of a Divided Russia'' (Yale UP, 2019) [https://www.amazon.com/Putin-v-People-Perilous-Politics/dp/0300238398/ excerpt] * Hosking, Geoffrey A. ''Russia and the Russians: a history'' (2011) [https://archive.org/details/russiarussianshi2ndehosk online] * Kort, Michael. ''A Brief History of Russia'' (2008) [https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofru0000kort online] * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Russia | volume= 23 |last1= Kropotkin |first1= Peter Alexeivitch |author1-link=Peter Kropotkin|last2= Bealby |first2=John Thomas|last3=Phillips|first3=Walter Alison |author3-link=Walter Alison Phillips|pages = 869&ndash;912}} * Lowe, Norman. ''Mastering Twentieth Century Russian History'' (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Twentieth-Century-Russian-History/dp/0333963075/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701182928/http://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Twentieth-Century-Russian-History/dp/0333963075 |date=2013-07-01 }} * Millar, James R. ed. ''Encyclopedia of Russian History'' (4 vol 2003). [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0001unse online] * Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg. ''A History of Russia'' (9th ed. 2018) [https://archive.org/details/historyofrussia0000rias 9th edition 1993 online] * Rosefielde, Steven. ''Putin's Russia: Economy, Defence and Foreign Policy'' (2020) [https://www.amazon.com/Putins-Russia-Economy-Defense-Foreign/dp/9811212678/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527160046/https://www.amazon.com/Putins-Russia-Economy-Defense-Foreign/dp/9811212678/ |date=2021-05-27 }} * Service, Robert. ''A History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-First Century'' (Harvard UP, 3rd ed., 2009) [https://www.amazon.com/History-Modern-Russia-Tsarism-Twenty-First/dp/0674034937/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329235818/https://www.amazon.com/History-Modern-Russia-Tsarism-Twenty-First/dp/0674034937 |date=2022-03-29 }} * Smorodinskaya, Tatiana, and Karen Evans-Romaine, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Contemporary Russian Culture'' (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Contemporary-Russian-Culture-Encyclopedias/dp/0415758629/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330023255/https://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Contemporary-Russian-Culture-Encyclopedias/dp/0415758629 |date=2022-03-30 }}; 800 pp covering art, literature, music, film, media, crime, politics, business, and economics. * Walker, Shauin. ''The Long Hangover: Putin's New Russia and the Ghosts Of the Past'' (2018, Oxford UP) [https://www.amazon.com/Long-Hangover-Putins-Russia-Ghosts/dp/0190659246 excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408020656/https://www.amazon.com/Long-Hangover-Putins-Russia-Ghosts/dp/0190659246/ |date=2022-04-08 }} {{refend}} == Other websites == {{Sister project links|voy=Russia}} '''Government''' * [http://www.gov.ru/index_en.html Official Russian governmental portal] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223744/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/RS.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] '''General information''' * {{curlie|Regional/Europe/Russia}}{{wikiatlas|Russia}} * {{osmrelation-inline|60189}} * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |date=2021-01-09 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081022164202/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/russia.htm Russia] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17839672 Russia] from [[BBC News]] * [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/513251/Russia Russia] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=RU Key Development Forecasts for Russia] from [[International Futures]] '''Other''' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215070149/http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552653 Post-Soviet Problems] from the [https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/browse?type=title Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] {{Russia topics}} {{europe}} {{asia}} {{G8}} {{Lists of political parties in Europe}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|66|N|94|E|scale:100000000|display=title}} [[Category:Russia| ]] [[Category:G8 nations]] [[Category:Federations]] [[Category:Current dictatorships]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Europe]] nfysl1a473kjgmwh08hd3louy7r856z 0 4098 10882518 10646341 2026-06-09T18:52:26Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | native_name = {{native name|lv|Latvijas Republika|icon=no}} | conventional_long_name = Republic of Latvia | common_name = Latvia | image_flag = Flag of Latvia.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Latvia.svg | image_map = EU-Latvia.svg | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|region=[[Europe]]|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[European Union]]|subregion_color=green|legend=EU-Latvia.svg}} | national_anthem = [[Dievs, svētī Latviju!]]{{spaces| 2}}<br /><small>God Bless Latvia! </small><br>[[File:Latvian National Anthem.ogg]] | ethnic_groups = 62.1% [[Latvians]],<br/>26.9% [[Russians]],<br/>3.4% [[Belarusians]],<br/>2.2% [[Ukrainians]],<br/>2.2% [[Poles]],<br/>1.2% [[Lithuanians]],<br/>2% others and unspecified<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/lv/latvia/integracija/integracijas-politika/kultura/ |title=Etniskais sastāvs un mazākumtautību kultūras identitātes veicināšana |publisher=Latvijas Republikas Ārlietu Ministrija |accessdate=2 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712232935/http://www.mfa.gov.lv/lv/latvia/integracija/integracijas-politika/kultura/ |archivedate=12 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | demonym = Latvian | capital = [[Riga]] | coordinates = {{Coord|56|57|N|24|6|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Latvian language|Latvian]] | recognised_languages = [[Russian language|Russian]] | regional_languages = {{vunblist|[[Latgalian language|Latgalian]]|[[Livonian language|Livonian]]}} | languages_type = Spoken languages | languages = Latvian, Russian, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Polish, Romani | government_type = [[Parliamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Latvia|President]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Latvia|Prime Minister]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Saeima]] | leader_name1 = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | leader_name2 = [[Andris Kulbergs]] | leader_name3 = [[Daiga Mieriņa]] | area_rank = 124th | area_km2 = 64,589 | area_sq_mi = 24,938 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 1.57% (1,014 km²) | population_estimate = 2,229,641<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=IS0070a&ti=ISG07%2E+RESIDENT+POPULATION+BY+ETHNICITY+AT+THE+BEGINNING+OF+THE+YEAR&path=../DATABASEEN/Iedzsoc/Annual%20statistical%20data/04.%20Population/&lang=1|title=Total population|year=2011|publisher=Centrālās statistikas pārvaldes datu bāzes|accessdate=5 November 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120526193246/http://data.csb.gov.lv/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=IS0070a&ti=ISG07.+RESIDENT+POPULATION+BY+ETHNICITY+AT+THE+BEGINNING+OF+THE+YEAR&path=../DATABASEEN/Iedzsoc/Annual%20statistical%20data/04.%20Population/&lang=1|archivedate=26 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><!--UN WPP--> | population_estimate_rank = 143rd | population_estimate_year = 2011| | population_census = 2,377,383 | population_census_year = 2000 | population_density_km2 = 34.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 89.0 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 166th | GDP_PPP = $32.513 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=941&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=46&pr.y=2 |title=Latvia|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=2011-04-30}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = 2010 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $14,460<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $24.045 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2010 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,694<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | sovereignty_type = [[History of Latvia|Independence]] | sovereignty_note = from [[Germany]] and [[Russia]] | established_event1 = [[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia#Historical and juridical background|Declared¹]] | established_date1 = 18 November 1918 | established_event2 = [[On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia#Historical and juridical background|Recognized]] | established_date2 = 26 January 1921 | established_event3 = [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940|Soviet occupation]] | established_date3 = 5 August 1940 | established_event4 = [[Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany|Nazi German occupation]] | established_date4 = 10 July 1941 | established_event5 = [[Occupation of Latvia by Soviet Union 1944–1945|Soviet occupation]] | established_date5 = 8 May 1945 | established_event6 = [[Declaration On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia|Announced]] | established_date6 = 4 May 1990 | established_event7 = [[Latvian SSR#1980s-1991|Restored]] | established_date7 = 21 August 1991<ref name="FINemb" /> | HDI = 0.805 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/|title=Human Development Index Report 2011|year=2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 43rd | HDI_year = 2011 | Gini = 37.7 | Gini_ref = | Gini_year = 2003 | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +3 | drives_on = right | cctld = [[.lv]] | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Latvia|+371]] | footnotes = ¹ Latvia is ''de jure'' continuous with its declaration 18 November 1918. }} '''Latvia''' ([[Latvian language|Latvian]]: ''Latvija''), officially the '''Republic of Latvia''' (''Latvijas Republika''), is a country in [[Northern Europe]]. The capital is [[Riga]]. It is one of the [[Baltic states]], together with [[Estonia]] in the north and [[Lithuania]] in the south. Latvia's neighbours to the east are the countries [[Russia]] and [[Belarus]]. Latvia is divided into four parts: [[Kurzeme]], [[Vidzeme]], [[Zemgale]], and [[Latgale]]. People from Latvia are called [[Latvians]]. They speak the [[Latvian language]], which is a little like the [[Lithuanian language]] but is not close enough to be understood. There are other peoples that live in Latvia, including the [[Germans]] and the [[Russians]]. == History == Latvia was settled by the [[Baltic states|Baltic]] tribes thousands of years ago. They mainly fished, hunted, and traded. German traders and crusaders came to Latvia at the end of the 12th century. Latvians lost control of their homeland. Over the next 800 years, Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles, and Russians all invaded Latvia. Latvia finally became independent in 1918. Between the 13th and the 15th centuries, the [[Teutonic Knights]] had a state that occupied Latvian territory. Before [[World war|World War]] I, the aristocracy was mainly German. During the [[Great Northern War]] from 1700 to 1721, what is now Latvia became the part of the [[Russian Empire]] and were organized as Courland and Livonia. Latvian workers took part in the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|revolutionary struggle in 1905]]. In 1940, Latvia was annexed by the [[Soviet Union]]. It was briefly under German occupation during [[World War II]] in from 1941 to 1944. After the war, many factories were opened. Latvia became one of the more successful Soviet republics. In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed, and Latvia had its independence restored. == Politics == In [[Copenhagen]] on 13 December 2002, Latvia and nine other countries were invited to join the [[European Union]]. On 20 September 2003, Latvians held an election to vote on joining. Two thirds of Latvians voted to join, and on 1 May 2004, Latvia became a member of the EU. Latvia has been a NATO member since 29 March 2004. There are 43 local government units, set up in 2020. 36 are [[municipalities]] (Latvian: ''novadi'') and 7 state cities. Before 2020 there were 110 municipalities and nine republic cities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saeima finally approves major regional reforms|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/saeima-finally-approves-major-regional-reforms.a363362/|access-date=2023-09-10|website=eng.lsm.lv|language=en}}</ref> == International rankings == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" |+'''Rankings''' <!-- GDP listed here is drastically different from GDP at top box, ALSO reference re: cia world factbook is incorrect --> !Name !Year !Place !Out of # !Reference |- |[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] – [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] [[per capita]] ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) |2008 |66th |229 |[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424075526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html |date=2013-04-24 }} |- |[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] – [[life expectancy]] |2008 |120th |223 |[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226011822/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html%20 |date=2018-12-26 }} |- |[[World Economic Forum]] – Enabling Trade Index ranking |2008 |43rd |118 |[http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/GlobalEnablingTradeReport/index.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225212056/https://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/GlobalEnablingTradeReport/index.htm |date=2018-12-25 }} |- |[[Yale University]] / [[Columbia University]] – [[Environmental Performance Index]] |2008 |8th |149 |[http://epi.yale.edu/] |- |[[The Economist Intelligence Unit]] – ''[[e-readiness]]'' |2008 |37th |70 |[http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/25828/20080331202303/graphics.eiu.com/upload/ibm_ereadiness_2008.pdf] |- |[[The Economist Intelligence Unit]] – [[Global Peace Index]] |2008 |39th |140 |[http://www.visionofhumanity.org/gpi/results/rankings/2008/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125083447/http://www.visionofhumanity.org/gpi/results/rankings/2008/ |date=2009-11-25 }} |- |[[United States Patent and Trademark Office]]'s list of [[patent]]s by country |2007 |95th |172 |[http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/cst_all.htm] |- |[[Save the Children]] – Mother's Index Rank |2007 |25th |141 |[http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2007/SOWM-2007-final.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705234419/http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2007/SOWM-2007-final.pdf |date=2010-07-05 }} |- |[[Save the Children]] – Women's Index Rank |2007 |21st |141 |[http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2007/SOWM-2007-final.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705234419/http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2007/SOWM-2007-final.pdf |date=2010-07-05 }} |- |[[Save the Children]] – Children's Index Rank |2007 |33rd |141 |[http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2007/SOWM-2007-final.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705234419/http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2007/SOWM-2007-final.pdf |date=2010-07-05 }} |- |[[Wall Street Journal]] / [[The Heritage Foundation]] – [[Index of Economic Freedom]] |2007 |39th |157 |[http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/countries.cfm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213211732/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/countries.cfm |date=2008-02-13 }} |- |[[United Nations]] – [[Human Development Index]] |2008 |44th |179 |[http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/] |- |[[World Economic Forum]] – Global Competitiveness Report 2007–2008 |2007 |45th |131 |[http://www.weforum.org/pdf/Global_Competitiveness_Reports/Reports/gcr_2007/gcr2007_rankings.pdf] |- |[[World Economic Forum]] – The Global Gender Gap Report 2007 |2007 |13th |128 |[http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gendergap/report2007.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103152709/http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gendergap/report2007.pdf |date=2008-11-03 }} |- |[[World Bank]] – [[Ease of Doing Business Index]] |2007–2008 |29th |181 |[http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/] |- |[[Reporters Without Borders]] – [[Worldwide Press Freedom Index]] |2007 |12th |169 |[http://www.rsf.org/Eritrea-ranked-last-for-first-time,24025.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118103421/http://www.rsf.org/Eritrea-ranked-last-for-first-time,24025.html |date=2010-01-18 }} |- |[[Transparency International]] – [[Corruption Perceptions Index]] |2007 |49th |180 |[http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110044842/https://www.transparency.org/ |date=2019-01-10 }} |- |[[The Economist Intelligence Unit]] – [[Democracy Index|Index of Democracy]] |2007 |43rd |167 |[http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/Democracy_Index_2007_v3.pdf] |- |[[Privacy International]] – [[Privacy International#Privacy index|Privacy index]] (EU and 11 other selected countries) |2006 |28th |36 |[http://www.privacyinternational.org/survey/phr2005/phrtable.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110142304/https://www.privacyinternational.org/survey/phr2005/phrtable.pdf |date=2012-01-10 }} |- |[[New Economics Foundation]] – [[Happy Planet Index]] |2006 |160th |178 |[http://www.happyplanetindex.org/map.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525025358/http://www.happyplanetindex.org/map.htm |date=2009-05-25 }} |- |[[The Economist Intelligence Unit]] – [[Quality-of-life index]] |2005 |66th |111 |[http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf] |- |[[Save the Children]] – % seats in the national government held by women |2004 |23–25th |126 |[http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2004/SOWM_2004_final.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706011955/http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/mothers/2004/SOWM_2004_final.pdf |date=2010-07-06 }} |- |[[World Health Organization]] – [[List of countries by suicide rate|suicide rates by country]] (both sexes) | |8th |101 |[http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/country_reports/en/index.html] |- |[[NationMaster]]'s index of civil and political liberties | |17th |140 |[http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/dem_civ_and_pol_lib-democracy-civil-and-political-liberties] |} ==Related pages== * [[Latvia at the Olympics]] * [[Latvia national football team]] * [[List of rivers of Latvia]] == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="FINemb">{{cite web|url=http://www.finland.lv/public/default.aspx?nodeid=38439&contentlan=2&culture=en-US |title=History&nbsp;– Embassy of Finland, Riga |publisher=Embassy of Finland, Riga |quote=Latvia declared independence on 21 August 1991...The decision to restore diplomatic relations took effect on 29 August 1991 |date=2008-07-09 |accessdate=2010-09-02}}</ref> }} == Other websites == {{commons|latvia}} * [http://www.mk.gov.lv/en/?lang=1 Latvian Government official site] {{European Union}} {{Europe}} {{North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)}}{{Europe-stub}} [[Category:Latvia| ]] [[Category:European Union member states]] [[Category:1991 establishments in Europe]] sbsronrlcw6dq8qlc75lgsh8putisuo 0 6656 10882643 9929580 2026-06-09T20:58:43Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:Mexican people]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nezahualcoyotl''' ([[1402]] - [[1472]]) was [[king]] of [[Texcoco]], a part of the [[Aztecs|Aztec]] empire. He was also a famous [[poet]]. The name Nezahualcoyotl is [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]], it means "hungry [[coyote]]". {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nezahualcoyotl}} [[Category:1402 births]] [[Category:1472 deaths]] [[Category:South American poets]] [[Category:Kings and queens]] [[Category:Aztec]] [[Category:Nahuatl language]] [[Category:Writers from Mexico (state)]] [[Category:Texcoco]] r8rsa8i0k2kf7rdahdokba0uniweox0 0 6799 10882684 10882254 2026-06-09T21:44:37Z Rebeltronic 1558358 /* Versions */ updated latest versions 10882684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|the current Apple operating system for Mac computers|pre-2001 versions|Classic Mac OS}} <!-- {{Redirect2|OSX|OS X}} --> {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Lowercase title}} {{Infobox OS | name = macOS | logo = MacOS wordmark (2017).svg | logo size = 100px | screenshot = MacOS Split View.jpg | screenshot_size = 310px | caption = Screenshot of the [[OS X El Capitan]] desktop in [[dark mode]] | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | family = [[Macintosh operating systems|Macintosh]], [[Unix]] | released = {{Start date and age|2001|03|24}} | language count = 40 | language = [as of macOS Catalina]: Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (Australia), English (India), English (United Kingdom), English (United States), Finnish, French (Canada), French (France), German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Spain), Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese | language footnote = <ref name="macoslanguages">{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macos/how-to-upgrade/|title=macOS – How to Upgrade – Apple|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=September 28, 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927013442/http://www.apple.com/macos/how-to-upgrade/|archivedate=September 27, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | ui = [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]] ([[Graphical User Interface|Graphical]]) | license = [[Commercial software]], [[proprietary software]] | website = {{URL|https://www.apple.com/macos}} | supported_platforms = {{plain list| * [[Silicon]] {{small|([[macOS Big Sur|11.0]]-present)}} * [[ARM64]] {{small|([[macOS Big Sur|11.0]]–present)}} * [[x86-64]] {{small|([[Mac OS X Tiger|10.4.7]]–present)}} * [[IA-32]] {{small|([[Mac OS X Tiger|10.4.4]]–[[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|10.6.8]]; '''discontinued''')}} * [[PowerPC]] {{small|([[Mac OS X 10.0|10.0]]–[[Mac OS X Leopard|10.5.8]]; '''discontinued''')}} }} | source_model = [[Closed source software|Closed source]] (with [[open source software|open source]] components) | working_state = Current | marketing_target = Personal computing | kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])<!-- It already says "Unix" under "family"; the kernel code came from Mach and BSD (and Apple's own work), not "Unix", and has its own name and Wikipedia page --> | programmed_in = {{Flatlist| * [[C Programming Language|C]] * [[C++]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeviceDrivers/Conceptual/IOKitFundamentals/Features/Features.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP0000012-TPXREF101|title=What Is the I/O Kit?|work=IOKit Fundamentals|quote=Apple considered several programming languages for the I/O Kit and chose a restricted subset of C++.}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Objective-C]]}} * [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/402/|title=What's New in Swift|date=June 14, 2016|website=[[Apple Developer]]|at=At 2:40|type=Video|access-date=June 16, 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804212016/https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/402/|archivedate=August 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> }} | updatemodel = {{plain list| * System Preferences {{small|([[macOS Mojave|10.14+]])}} * [[Mac App Store]] {{small|([[OS X Mountain Lion|10.8]]–[[macOS High Sierra|10.13]])}} * Software Update {{small|([[Mac OS X 10.0|10.0]]–[[Mac OS X Lion|10.7]])}} }} | preceded_by = [[Classic Mac OS]] | support_status = Supported }} '''macOS''', named '''Mac OS X''' from 2001 to 2012 and '''OS X''' until 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/2/16/2802281/apple-officially-renames-mac-os-x-to-os-x-drops-the-mac|title=Apple officially renames Mac OS X to OS X, drops the 'Mac'|last=Patel|first=Nilay|authorlink=Nilay Patel|date=February 16, 2012|work=[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|accessdate=February 21, 2012}}</ref> is an [[operating system]] (OS) for [[computers]] made by [[Apple Inc.]] These are called [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] computers, or Macs. It differs from other computers, as macOS is supposed to run only on Macs and not on other computers. However, people have made macOS run on computers that are not Macs. This is called [[Hackintosh]] and violates macOS' license agreement. macOS first came out in 2001, and is completely different from the [[Classic Mac OS|"classic" Mac OS]] that it replaced. Unlike the first operating system, macOS (since OS X) is based on the [[UNIX]] operating system (current versions have [[UNIX 03]] certification<ref name="leopard_unix_cert">{{cite web | url=http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm | title=Mac OS X Version 10.5 on Intel-based Macintosh computers | publisher=The Open Group | accessdate=December 4, 2014 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511222112/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm | archivedate=May 11, 2008 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>) and on technologies developed between 1985 and 1997 at [[NeXT]], a company that Apple co-founder [[Steve Jobs]] made after leaving Apple in 1985. The "[[X]]" in Mac OS X and OS X is the [[Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] for the number 10 and is pronounced as such. The core of macOS is an [[open source]] OS called [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]], but Darwin itself cannot run macOS software. macOS releases are named after types of big [[cats]], or [[California]] landmarks, and has a [[version]] number that starts with 10.0, 11.x, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0 & 15.0. The latest version of macOS is [[macOS Sequoia|macOS Sequoia (15.0)]]. == Development == [[File:Unix timeline.en.svg|thumb|450px|Simplified history of [[Unix-like]] operating systems]] Throughout the early 1990s, Apple had tried to make a "next-generation" OS to replace its [[classic Mac OS]]. The current macOS is a [[UNIX]] operating system built on technology that had been developed at [[NeXT]] from the 1980s until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. That company was also founded by [[Steve Jobs]] following his departure from Apple in 1985. There, the [[Unix-like]] [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system was developed, and then launched in 1989 (the "classic" Mac OS is much older, as it came out in 1984). The [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]] of NeXTSTEP is based upon the [[Mach kernel]], which was originally developed at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], with additional kernel layers and low-level [[user space]] code from parts of [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD). Its [[graphical user interface]] was built on top of an [[object-oriented]] [[GUI toolkit]] using the {{nowrap|[[Objective-C]]}} programming language. == Versions == {| class="wikitable" |+macOS version information !Version !Codename !Date announced !Release date !Most recent version |- |[[Rhapsody (operating system)|Rhapsody]] Developer Release |Grail1Z4 / Titan1U |April 30, 1996 |August 31, 1997 |DR2 (May 14, 1998) |- |[[Mac OS X Server 1.0]] |Hera | |March 16, 1998 |1.2v3 (October 27, 2000) |- |Mac OS X Developer Preview |Kodiak | |March 16, 1999 |DP4 (April 5, 2000) |- |[[Mac OS X Public Beta|Public Beta]] |Kodiak/Cheetah |January 5, 2000<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2000/01/05Apple-Unveils-Mac-OS-X/|title=Apple Unveils Mac OS X|work=Apple Newsroom|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref> |September 13, 2000 | |- |[[Mac OS X 10.0]] |Cheetah | |March 24, 2001 |10.0.4 (June 22, 2001) |- |[[Mac OS X 10.1]] |Puma |July 18, 2001<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2001/jul/18macosx.html|title=Apple Previews Next Version of Mac OS X|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=July 18, 2001|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |September 25, 2001 |10.1.5 (June 6, 2002) |- |[[Mac OS X 10.2]] |Jaguar |May 6, 2002<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2002/may/06jaguar.html|title=Apple Previews "Jaguar", the Next Major Release of Mac OS X|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=May 6, 2002|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |August 24, 2002 |10.2.8 (October 3, 2003) |- |[[Mac OS X Panther|Mac OS X 10.3]] |Panther |June 23, 2003<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2003/jun/23panther.html|title=Apple Preiews Mac OS X "Panther"|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=June 23, 2003|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |October 24, 2003 |10.3.9 (April 15, 2005) |- |[[Mac OS X Tiger|Mac OS X 10.4]] |Tiger |May 4, 2004<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2004/may/04wwdc.html|title=Steve Jobs to Kick Off Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference 2004 with Preview of Mac OS X "Tiger"|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |April 29, 2005 |10.4.11 (November 14, 2007) |- |[[Mac OS X Leopard|Mac OS X 10.5]] |Leopard |June 26, 2006<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/jun/26wwdc.html|title=Apple Executives to Preview Mac OS X "Leopard" at WWDC 2006 Keynote|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |October 26, 2007 |10.5.8 (August 5, 2009) |- |[[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|Mac OS X 10.6]] |Snow Leopard |June 9, 2008<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/06/09snowleopard.html|title=Apple Previews Mac OS X Snow Leopard to Developers|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=June 9, 2008|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |August 28, 2009 |10.6.8 v1.1 (July 25, 2011) |- |[[Mac OS X Lion|Mac OS X 10.7]] |Lion |October 20, 2010<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/10/20lion.html|title=Apple Gives Sneak Peek of Mac OS X Lion|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=October 20, 2010|accessdate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> |July 20, 2011 |10.7.5 (September 19, 2012) |- |[[OS X Mountain Lion|OS X 10.8]] |Mountain Lion |February 16, 2012<ref name="PR-16-02">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/02/16Apple-Releases-OS-X-Mountain-Lion-Developer-Preview-with-Over-100-New-Features.html|title=Apple Releases OS X Mountain Lion Developer Preview with Over 100 New Features|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=February 16, 2012|accessdate=February 16, 2012}}</ref> |July 25, 2012<ref name="PR-25-07">{{cite press release|url=https://images.apple.com/pr/library/2012/07/25Mountain-Lion-Available-Today-From-the-Mac-App-Store.html|title=Mountain Lion Available Today From Mac App Store|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=July 25, 2012|accessdate=July 25, 2012}}</ref> |10.8.5 (12F45) (October 3, 2013) |- |[[OS X Mavericks|OS X 10.9]] |Mavericks |June 10, 2013<ref name="PR-10-06">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2013/06/10Apple-Releases-Developer-Preview-of-OS-X-Mavericks-With-More-Than-200-New-Features.html|title=Apple Releases Developer Preview of OS X Mavericks With More Than 200 New Features|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=June 10, 2013|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref> |October 22, 2013 |10.9.5 (13F1112) (September 18, 2014) |- |[[OS X Yosemite|OS X 10.10]] |Yosemite |June 2, 2014 |October 16, 2014 |10.10.5 (14F27) (August 13, 2015) |- |[[OS X El Capitan|OS X 10.11]] |El Capitan |June 8, 2015 |September 30, 2015 |10.11.6 (15G1510) (May 15, 2017) |- |[[MacOS Sierra|macOS 10.12]] |Sierra |June 13, 2016 |September 20, 2016 |10.12.6 (16G1212) (July 19, 2017) |- |[[MacOS High Sierra|macOS 10.13]] |High Sierra |June 5, 2017 |September 25, 2017 |10.13.6 (17G65) (July 9, 2018) |- |[[MacOS Mojave|macOS 10.14]] |Mojave |June 4, 2018 |September 24, 2018 |10.14.6 (18G87) (August 1, 2019) |- |[[MacOS Catalina|'''macOS 10.15''']] |'''Catalina''' |'''June 3, 2019''' |'''October 7, 2019''' |'''10.15.8 Security Update (19H2036) (February 2, 2026)''' |- |[[MacOS Big Sur|'''macOS 11.0''']] |'''Big Sur''' |'''June 22, 2020''' |'''November 12, 2020''' |'''11.7.11 (20G1443) (February 2, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Monterey|macOS 12.0]]''' |'''Monterey''' |'''Jun 7, 2021''' |'''October 25, 2021''' |'''12.7.6 (21H1320) (July 29, 2024)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Ventura|macOS 13.0]]''' |'''Ventura''' |'''Jun 6, 2022''' |'''October 24, 2022''' |'''13.7.8 (22H730) (August 20, 2025)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Sonoma|macOS 14.0]]''' |'''Sonoma''' |'''June 5, 2023''' |'''September 26, 2023''' |'''14.8.7 (23J520) (May 11, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Sequoia|macOS 15.0]]''' |'''Sequoia''' |'''June 10, 2024''' |'''September 16, 2024''' |'''15.7.7 (24G720) (May 11, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Tahoe|macOS 26.0]]''' |'''Tahoe''' |'''June 9, 2025''' |'''September 15, 2025''' |'''26.5.1 (25F80) (June 1, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Golden Gate|macOS 27.0]]''' |'''Golden Gate''' |'''June 8, 2026''' |'''Fall 2026''' |'''26.0 Developer Beta (26A5353q) (June 8, 2026)''' |} === Public Beta: "Kodiak" === On September 13, 2000, Apple released a $29.95 preview of Mac OS X to ask users what they think of the new operating system so far. Apple stopped the Public Beta in March 2001 because of the recent release of OS X 10.0. === Version 10.0: "Cheetah" === On March 24, 2001 Apple released Mac OS X for the first time aka OS X v10.0 (codename Cheetah), but unfortunately, it was a failure due to its many computer bugs and glitches and its slow performance. Luckily this operating system version only stayed on the market up until September when it was moved up to a "higher level". === Version 10.1: "Puma" === Due to many problems and complaints about Cheetah, Apple directly got to work on releasing Puma, the next big cat in Mac OS X. It was released on September 24, 2001. Apple gave 10.0 users a free Mac OS X v10.1 install CD to make up for the flawed operating system before. As of January 7, 2002, Apple said Mac OS 9 and other previous operating systems from Apple were "going in the computer scrapyard" by the end of the month (January 31, 2002) and OS X would be the default and only operating system available on all Macs. === Version 10.2: "Jaguar" === Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar was released on August 24, 2002 and was the first to have its codename in the version branding. The Happy Mac (which formerly appeared when a Mac was starting up) was replaced with a large gray apple logo with the startup sequence of OS X 10.2 Jaguar. === Version 10.3: "Panther" === Mac OS X 10.3 Panther was released on October 24, 2003 and was one of the biggest updates to OS X yet. It featured a new brushed metal interface, an updated Finder, and many more features from Jaguar the year before. === Version 10.4: "Tiger" === Tiger was released on April 29, 2005 and as stated by Apple, featured more than 200 new features. Among the new features, Tiger introduced Spotlight, Dashboard, Smart Folders, updated Mail program with Smart Mailboxes, QuickTime 7, Safari 2, Automaton, Voice-over, Core Image and Core Video. Apple released the first Power Intel Macs for Tiger on January 10, 2006. Tiger ran swell on these computers. It was also the last operating system to support the Aqua color scheme. === Version 10.5: "Leopard" === Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard was released on October 26, 2007. It was completely redesigned featuring a 3D Dock, a new purple color scheme, and over 200 new features. It had both support for PowerPC and Intel Macs too. Leopard was the last release to have support for PowerPC. === Version 10.6: "Snow Leopard" === Mac OS X Snow Leopard was released on August 28, 2009, and rather than featuring changes to the appearance, it featured "Under the hood" changes. Snow Leopard dropped support for PowerPC Macs too. === Version 10.7: "Lion" === OS X Lion was first shown to the public at the "Back to The Mac" event in 2010, announced more at WWDC 2011, and released on July 20, 2011. It featured [[iOS]]-like features such as the Launchpad, the Magic Trackpad coming to MacBooks, and a new [[Solar System|solar system]] color scheme. Apple also removed Rosetta making it impossible to use PowerPC. === Version 10.8: "Mountain Lion" === OS X Mountain Lion was announced on February 18, 2012, and released on July 25, 2012. It adds more features from iOS 5 and 6 to the Mac such as notifications, messaging, game center, and gaming with people on iPhones, iPods, and iPads. === Version 10.9: "Mavericks" === OS X Mavericks was announced on June 10, 2013 at the 2013 [[Worldwide Developers Conference]].<ref name="PR-10-06" /> It adds the Maps and iBooks applications, as well as new Finder features, better multi-display support, power improvements, and a new version of [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]. It was released on October 22, 2013. It was the first macOS version that was free. === Version 10.10: "Yosemite" === OS X Yosemite was announced in June 2014 at the 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference. It was in beta form for developers and those enrolled in the public beta programme to test until October 16, 2014 when it was released. It introduces a new flat design, following the aesthetic introduced with [[iOS 7]]. === Version 10.11: "El Capitan" === OS X 10.11 El Capitan was released on September 30, 2015 after being announced on June 8, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2015/06/08Apple-Announces-OS-X-El-Capitan-with-Refined-Experience-Improved-Performance/|title=Apple Announces OS X El Capitan with Refined Experience & Improved Performance|work=Apple Newsroom|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-US}}</ref> Similar to Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple described this release as containing "refinements to the Mac experience" and "improvements to system performance" rather than new features. Refinements include public transport built into the Maps application, GUI improvements to the Notes application, adopting San Francisco as the system font for clearer legibility, and the introduction of System Integrity Protection. The Metal API, first introduced in [[iOS 8]], was also included in this operating system for "all Macs since 2012". === Version 10.12: "Sierra" === macOS 10.12 Sierra was announced on June 12, 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2016/06/apple-previews-major-update-with-macos-sierra/|title=Apple previews major update with macOS Sierra|work=Apple Newsroom|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-US}}</ref> and released to the public on September 20, 2016. New features include the addition of Siri, Optimized Storage, and updates to Photos, Messages, and iTunes === Version 10.13: "High Sierra" === The fall release of macOS 10.13 High Sierra was announced on June 5, 2017 at Apple's WWDC event. On September 12, 2017 at Apple's iPhone event, they announced its release to be September 25, 2017. Like OS X El Capitan and OS X Mountain Lion, High Sierra is a refinement-based update having very few new features. High Sierra uses the new Apple File System and includes enhancements to Safari, Photos, and Mail, among other changes. === Version 10.14: "Mojave" === Released on September 24, 2018. There are many additional features to the existing macOS apps. Some highlights are Dark Mode (UI theme & appearance), time shifts reflecting the hour of the day (desktop background), file stacks, edit features in quick look, continuity camera and Group FaceTime features also adds the screenshot app. === Version 10.15: "Catalina" === Released on October 7, 2019. This OS is included with [https://www.apple.com/macos/catalina/features/ lots of additional new features] like sharing your screen to iPad (Sidecar) and is capable of running iPad apps. Catalina is the first version of macOS to exclusively support 64-bit applications. MacOS Catalina also split up iTunes into 3 apps: Music, Podcasts and Movies. Because of the removal of iTunes, syncing your devices is done in Finder. === Version 11.0: "Big Sur" === Released on November 12, 2020, macOS Big Sur changes the version number from 10 to 11. It now supports the ARM64 instruction set architecture (ISA), as Apple is transitioning the Mac to its own Apple Silicon based on the ARM64 platform. It brings the biggest design changes since the introduction of macOS (then called Mac OS X). === Version 12.0: "Monterey" === Released on October 25, 2021. macOS Monterey changes the version number from 11 to 12. === Version 13.0: "Ventura" === Released on October 24, 2022, macOS Ventura changes the version number from 12 to 13.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chin |first1=Monica |date=6 June 2022 |title=Apple announces macOS Ventura with new Stage Manager organization tool |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/6/23148410/apple-macos-13-features-system-preferences-wwdc |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher= |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607225350/https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/6/23148410/apple-macos-13-features-system-preferences-wwdc |url-status=live}}</ref> === Version 14.0: "Sonoma" === Released on September 26, 2023, macOS Sonoma brings a set of new features to the Mac. With macOS Sonoma, desktop widgets is released which unlock a new way to personalize the Mac and get more done. Stunning new screen savers, updates to video conferencing and Safari, optimized gaming, among several other useful features are also released.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2023 |title=macOS Sonoma is available today |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/macos-sonoma-is-available-today/ |access-date= 11 January 2024 |website=[[Apple]] |publisher= |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926171232/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/macos-sonoma-is-available-today/ |url-status=live}} </ref> === Version 15.0: "Sequoia" === Released on September 16, 2024, macOS Sequoia changes the version number from 14 to 15.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/09/macos-sequoia-is-available-today/|title=macOS Sequoia is available today|date=16 September 2024|access-date=16 September 2024|website=[[Apple]]}}</ref> === Version 26.0: "Tahoe" === Released on September 15, 2025, macOS Tahoe changes the version number from 15 to 26. Tahoe also brings a new [[Liquid Glass]] design to the macOS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Di Benedetto |first1=Antonio G. |title=Apple’s macOS Tahoe 26 update releases on September 15th |url=https://www.theverge.com/news/772630/apple-macos-tahoe-26-update-launch-iphone-event |website=The Verge |accessdate=2025-12-11}}</ref> === Version 27.0: "Golden Gate" === Will be released in fall 2026, macOS Golden Gate focuses on improving performance and underlying technologies. Windows also have a unified toolbar and you customize the opacity of Liquid Glass.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rossignol |first1=Joe |title=Apple Announces macOS Golden Gate |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2026/06/08/apple-announces-macos-golden-gate/ |website=MacRumors |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Architecture == The core of macOS is a [[POSIX]]-compliant operating system. Apple named it [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]]. Apple built it on top of the [[XNU]] [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]]. The standard Unix facilities can be used from the [[command line interface]]. Apple has released Darwin as a [[Free software|free]] and [[Open source software|open source]] operating system. Apple put many components on top of Darwin, including the [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]] interface and the [[Finder (software)|Finder]]. These complete the [[Graphical User Interface|GUI]]-based operating system which is macOS.<ref name="aqua23">{{cite web|author=Grothaus, Michael|date=April 12, 2011|title=Mac OS X Lion to tone down the Aqua|url=http://www.tuaw.com/2011/04/12/mac-os-x-lion-to-tone-down-the-aqua/|url-status=live|work=The Unofficial Apple Weblog|publisher=[[AOL]]|accessdate=April 9, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828084840/http://www.tuaw.com/2011/04/12/mac-os-x-lion-to-tone-down-the-aqua|archivedate=August 28, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]] manages the file system in macOS. A part of the file system is the Unix [[File system permissions|permissions]] layer. It controls what users and parts of the operating system can do with the files. In 2003 and 2005, two [[Macworld]] editors criticized its permission system. Ted Landau called permissions that are set up wrong "the most common frustration" in macOS. Rob Griffiths suggested that some users may have to [[Repair permissions|reset permissions]] every day. He said this can take up to 15 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=Rob|date=February 2005|title=Prevent Mac Disasters|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/42286/2005/01/preventmacdisasters.html|url-status=live|work=[[Macworld]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|accessdate=February 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221004216/http://www.macworld.com/article/42286/2005/01/preventmacdisasters.html|archivedate=February 21, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Later, Dan Frakes wrote in Macworld that people try repairing permissions too often.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frakes|first=Dan|date=August 2006|title=Repairing permissions: what you need to know|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/52220/2006/08/repairpermissions.html|url-status=live|work=[[Macworld]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|accessdate=February 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219210621/http://www.macworld.com/article/52220/2006/08/repairpermissions.html|archivedate=February 19, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He argues that they should try resetting permissions only when there are problems. He says macOS usually sets correct permissions.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frakes|first=Dan|date=June 2008|title=Five Mac maintenance myths|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/133684/2008/06/maintenance_intro.html|url-status=live|work=[[Macworld]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|accessdate=February 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123230040/http://www.macworld.com/article/133684/2008/06/maintenance_intro.html|archivedate=January 23, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The architecture of macOS has many layers. The layers provide code for common tasks.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Technologies for Developing Mac OS X Software|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/About/About.html|url-status=live|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=April 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602013413/http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/About/About.html|archivedate=June 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> They make the development of applications faster.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zepko|first=Tom|date=November 6, 2003|title=Why Cocoa?|url=http://homepage.mac.com/tom_zepko/cocoa/why-cocoa.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804073346/http://homepage.mac.com/tom_zepko/cocoa/why-cocoa.html|archivedate=August 4, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Apple made [[software development]] tools for macOS. Xcode, an [[integrated development environment]], stand out. Developers use Xcode to use [[Compiler|compilers]]. It supports many [[Programming language|programming languages]], including [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Objective-C]], and [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]. Apple made changes to Xcode for the [[Apple–Intel transition]]. Developers could build their applications as a [[universal binary]]. It lets the applications work on both Intel-based and PowerPC-based Macintosh.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 22, 2007|title=Adopting Universal Binaries on Mac OS X|url=https://developer.apple.com/macosx/adoptinguniversalbinaries.html|url-status=live|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=December 15, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220184035/http://developer.apple.com/macosx/adoptinguniversalbinaries.html|archivedate=December 20, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Users have two ways to programmatically control applications. The [[AppleScript]] framework was a part of the [[classic Mac OS]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Productions|first=Nyhthawk|title=AppleScript: Graphic User Interface (GUI) Scripting|url=http://www.macosxautomation.com/applescript/uiscripting/|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-03|website=www.macosxautomation.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121125017/http://www.macosxautomation.com/applescript/uiscripting/|archivedate=November 21, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AppleScript Introduction|url=http://whitefiles.org/b1_s/1_free_guides/fg3mo/pgs/v01.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-03|website=whitefiles.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131030213/http://whitefiles.org/b1_s/1_free_guides/fg3mo/pgs/v01.htm|archivedate=January 31, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The newer [[Automator (software)|Automator]] application offers pre-written tasks. Users do not need to know programming to use these tasks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The really simple guide to Automator in OS X on the Mac {{!}} RAW Mac|url=http://www.rawinfopages.com/mac/content/really-simple-guide-automator-os-x-mac|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-03|website=www.rawinfopages.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103170340/http://www.rawinfopages.com/mac/content/really-simple-guide-automator-os-x-mac|archivedate=January 3, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Related pages == * [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] == Other websites == * [https://www.apple.com/ Apple Inc.] * [https://www.apple.com/macOS/ macOS] {{Operating systems}}{{Apple Nav}} [[Category:MacOS| ]] [[Category:Unix]] [[Category:BSD]] jxolgke36j3qlfcyv66pu2q7dt0nl2l 10882685 10882684 2026-06-09T21:47:15Z Rebeltronic 1558358 /* Versions */ 10882685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|the current Apple operating system for Mac computers|pre-2001 versions|Classic Mac OS}} <!-- {{Redirect2|OSX|OS X}} --> {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Lowercase title}} {{Infobox OS | name = macOS | logo = MacOS wordmark (2017).svg | logo size = 100px | screenshot = MacOS Split View.jpg | screenshot_size = 310px | caption = Screenshot of the [[OS X El Capitan]] desktop in [[dark mode]] | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | family = [[Macintosh operating systems|Macintosh]], [[Unix]] | released = {{Start date and age|2001|03|24}} | language count = 40 | language = [as of macOS Catalina]: Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (Australia), English (India), English (United Kingdom), English (United States), Finnish, French (Canada), French (France), German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Spain), Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese | language footnote = <ref name="macoslanguages">{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macos/how-to-upgrade/|title=macOS – How to Upgrade – Apple|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=September 28, 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927013442/http://www.apple.com/macos/how-to-upgrade/|archivedate=September 27, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> | ui = [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]] ([[Graphical User Interface|Graphical]]) | license = [[Commercial software]], [[proprietary software]] | website = {{URL|https://www.apple.com/macos}} | supported_platforms = {{plain list| * [[Silicon]] {{small|([[macOS Big Sur|11.0]]-present)}} * [[ARM64]] {{small|([[macOS Big Sur|11.0]]–present)}} * [[x86-64]] {{small|([[Mac OS X Tiger|10.4.7]]–present)}} * [[IA-32]] {{small|([[Mac OS X Tiger|10.4.4]]–[[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|10.6.8]]; '''discontinued''')}} * [[PowerPC]] {{small|([[Mac OS X 10.0|10.0]]–[[Mac OS X Leopard|10.5.8]]; '''discontinued''')}} }} | source_model = [[Closed source software|Closed source]] (with [[open source software|open source]] components) | working_state = Current | marketing_target = Personal computing | kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]])<!-- It already says "Unix" under "family"; the kernel code came from Mach and BSD (and Apple's own work), not "Unix", and has its own name and Wikipedia page --> | programmed_in = {{Flatlist| * [[C Programming Language|C]] * [[C++]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/DeviceDrivers/Conceptual/IOKitFundamentals/Features/Features.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP0000012-TPXREF101|title=What Is the I/O Kit?|work=IOKit Fundamentals|quote=Apple considered several programming languages for the I/O Kit and chose a restricted subset of C++.}}</ref> * {{nowrap|[[Objective-C]]}} * [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/402/|title=What's New in Swift|date=June 14, 2016|website=[[Apple Developer]]|at=At 2:40|type=Video|access-date=June 16, 2016|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804212016/https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2016/402/|archivedate=August 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> }} | updatemodel = {{plain list| * System Preferences {{small|([[macOS Mojave|10.14+]])}} * [[Mac App Store]] {{small|([[OS X Mountain Lion|10.8]]–[[macOS High Sierra|10.13]])}} * Software Update {{small|([[Mac OS X 10.0|10.0]]–[[Mac OS X Lion|10.7]])}} }} | preceded_by = [[Classic Mac OS]] | support_status = Supported }} '''macOS''', named '''Mac OS X''' from 2001 to 2012 and '''OS X''' until 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/2/16/2802281/apple-officially-renames-mac-os-x-to-os-x-drops-the-mac|title=Apple officially renames Mac OS X to OS X, drops the 'Mac'|last=Patel|first=Nilay|authorlink=Nilay Patel|date=February 16, 2012|work=[[The Verge (website)|The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|accessdate=February 21, 2012}}</ref> is an [[operating system]] (OS) for [[computers]] made by [[Apple Inc.]] These are called [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] computers, or Macs. It differs from other computers, as macOS is supposed to run only on Macs and not on other computers. However, people have made macOS run on computers that are not Macs. This is called [[Hackintosh]] and violates macOS' license agreement. macOS first came out in 2001, and is completely different from the [[Classic Mac OS|"classic" Mac OS]] that it replaced. Unlike the first operating system, macOS (since OS X) is based on the [[UNIX]] operating system (current versions have [[UNIX 03]] certification<ref name="leopard_unix_cert">{{cite web | url=http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm | title=Mac OS X Version 10.5 on Intel-based Macintosh computers | publisher=The Open Group | accessdate=December 4, 2014 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511222112/http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/brand3555.htm | archivedate=May 11, 2008 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>) and on technologies developed between 1985 and 1997 at [[NeXT]], a company that Apple co-founder [[Steve Jobs]] made after leaving Apple in 1985. The "[[X]]" in Mac OS X and OS X is the [[Roman numerals|Roman numeral]] for the number 10 and is pronounced as such. The core of macOS is an [[open source]] OS called [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]], but Darwin itself cannot run macOS software. macOS releases are named after types of big [[cats]], or [[California]] landmarks, and has a [[version]] number that starts with 10.0, 11.x, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0 & 15.0. The latest version of macOS is [[macOS Sequoia|macOS Sequoia (15.0)]]. == Development == [[File:Unix timeline.en.svg|thumb|450px|Simplified history of [[Unix-like]] operating systems]] Throughout the early 1990s, Apple had tried to make a "next-generation" OS to replace its [[classic Mac OS]]. The current macOS is a [[UNIX]] operating system built on technology that had been developed at [[NeXT]] from the 1980s until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. That company was also founded by [[Steve Jobs]] following his departure from Apple in 1985. There, the [[Unix-like]] [[NeXTSTEP]] operating system was developed, and then launched in 1989 (the "classic" Mac OS is much older, as it came out in 1984). The [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]] of NeXTSTEP is based upon the [[Mach kernel]], which was originally developed at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], with additional kernel layers and low-level [[user space]] code from parts of [[Berkeley Software Distribution]] (BSD). Its [[graphical user interface]] was built on top of an [[object-oriented]] [[GUI toolkit]] using the {{nowrap|[[Objective-C]]}} programming language. == Versions == {| class="wikitable" |+macOS version information !Version !Codename !Date announced !Release date !Most recent version |- |[[Rhapsody (operating system)|Rhapsody]] Developer Release |Grail1Z4 / Titan1U |April 30, 1996 |August 31, 1997 |DR2 (May 14, 1998) |- |[[Mac OS X Server 1.0]] |Hera | |March 16, 1998 |1.2v3 (October 27, 2000) |- |Mac OS X Developer Preview |Kodiak | |March 16, 1999 |DP4 (April 5, 2000) |- |[[Mac OS X Public Beta|Public Beta]] |Kodiak/Cheetah |January 5, 2000<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2000/01/05Apple-Unveils-Mac-OS-X/|title=Apple Unveils Mac OS X|work=Apple Newsroom|access-date=2018-03-12|language=en-US}}</ref> |September 13, 2000 | |- |[[Mac OS X 10.0]] |Cheetah | |March 24, 2001 |10.0.4 (June 22, 2001) |- |[[Mac OS X 10.1]] |Puma |July 18, 2001<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2001/jul/18macosx.html|title=Apple Previews Next Version of Mac OS X|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=July 18, 2001|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |September 25, 2001 |10.1.5 (June 6, 2002) |- |[[Mac OS X 10.2]] |Jaguar |May 6, 2002<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2002/may/06jaguar.html|title=Apple Previews "Jaguar", the Next Major Release of Mac OS X|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=May 6, 2002|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |August 24, 2002 |10.2.8 (October 3, 2003) |- |[[Mac OS X Panther|Mac OS X 10.3]] |Panther |June 23, 2003<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2003/jun/23panther.html|title=Apple Preiews Mac OS X "Panther"|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=June 23, 2003|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |October 24, 2003 |10.3.9 (April 15, 2005) |- |[[Mac OS X Tiger|Mac OS X 10.4]] |Tiger |May 4, 2004<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2004/may/04wwdc.html|title=Steve Jobs to Kick Off Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference 2004 with Preview of Mac OS X "Tiger"|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |April 29, 2005 |10.4.11 (November 14, 2007) |- |[[Mac OS X Leopard|Mac OS X 10.5]] |Leopard |June 26, 2006<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/jun/26wwdc.html|title=Apple Executives to Preview Mac OS X "Leopard" at WWDC 2006 Keynote|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |October 26, 2007 |10.5.8 (August 5, 2009) |- |[[Mac OS X Snow Leopard|Mac OS X 10.6]] |Snow Leopard |June 9, 2008<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2008/06/09snowleopard.html|title=Apple Previews Mac OS X Snow Leopard to Developers|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=June 9, 2008|accessdate=March 11, 2010}}</ref> |August 28, 2009 |10.6.8 v1.1 (July 25, 2011) |- |[[Mac OS X Lion|Mac OS X 10.7]] |Lion |October 20, 2010<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/10/20lion.html|title=Apple Gives Sneak Peek of Mac OS X Lion|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=October 20, 2010|accessdate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> |July 20, 2011 |10.7.5 (September 19, 2012) |- |[[OS X Mountain Lion|OS X 10.8]] |Mountain Lion |February 16, 2012<ref name="PR-16-02">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2012/02/16Apple-Releases-OS-X-Mountain-Lion-Developer-Preview-with-Over-100-New-Features.html|title=Apple Releases OS X Mountain Lion Developer Preview with Over 100 New Features|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=February 16, 2012|accessdate=February 16, 2012}}</ref> |July 25, 2012<ref name="PR-25-07">{{cite press release|url=https://images.apple.com/pr/library/2012/07/25Mountain-Lion-Available-Today-From-the-Mac-App-Store.html|title=Mountain Lion Available Today From Mac App Store|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=July 25, 2012|accessdate=July 25, 2012}}</ref> |10.8.5 (12F45) (October 3, 2013) |- |[[OS X Mavericks|OS X 10.9]] |Mavericks |June 10, 2013<ref name="PR-10-06">{{cite press release|url=https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2013/06/10Apple-Releases-Developer-Preview-of-OS-X-Mavericks-With-More-Than-200-New-Features.html|title=Apple Releases Developer Preview of OS X Mavericks With More Than 200 New Features|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|date=June 10, 2013|accessdate=June 11, 2013}}</ref> |October 22, 2013 |10.9.5 (13F1112) (September 18, 2014) |- |[[OS X Yosemite|OS X 10.10]] |Yosemite |June 2, 2014 |October 16, 2014 |10.10.5 (14F27) (August 13, 2015) |- |[[OS X El Capitan|OS X 10.11]] |El Capitan |June 8, 2015 |September 30, 2015 |10.11.6 (15G1510) (May 15, 2017) |- |[[MacOS Sierra|macOS 10.12]] |Sierra |June 13, 2016 |September 20, 2016 |10.12.6 (16G1212) (July 19, 2017) |- |[[MacOS High Sierra|macOS 10.13]] |High Sierra |June 5, 2017 |September 25, 2017 |10.13.6 (17G65) (July 9, 2018) |- |[[MacOS Mojave|macOS 10.14]] |Mojave |June 4, 2018 |September 24, 2018 |10.14.6 (18G87) (August 1, 2019) |- |[[MacOS Catalina|'''macOS 10.15''']] |'''Catalina''' |'''June 3, 2019''' |'''October 7, 2019''' |'''10.15.8 Security Update (19H2036) (February 2, 2026)''' |- |[[MacOS Big Sur|'''macOS 11.0''']] |'''Big Sur''' |'''June 22, 2020''' |'''November 12, 2020''' |'''11.7.11 (20G1443) (February 2, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Monterey|macOS 12.0]]''' |'''Monterey''' |'''Jun 7, 2021''' |'''October 25, 2021''' |'''12.7.6 (21H1320) (July 29, 2024)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Ventura|macOS 13.0]]''' |'''Ventura''' |'''Jun 6, 2022''' |'''October 24, 2022''' |'''13.7.8 (22H730) (August 20, 2025)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Sonoma|macOS 14.0]]''' |'''Sonoma''' |'''June 5, 2023''' |'''September 26, 2023''' |'''14.8.7 (23J520) (May 11, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Sequoia|macOS 15.0]]''' |'''Sequoia''' |'''June 10, 2024''' |'''September 16, 2024''' |'''15.7.7 (24G720) (May 11, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Tahoe|macOS 26.0]]''' |'''Tahoe''' |'''June 9, 2025''' |'''September 15, 2025''' |'''26.5.1 (25F80) (June 1, 2026)''' |- |'''[[MacOS Golden Gate|macOS 27.0]]''' |'''Golden Gate''' |'''June 8, 2026''' |'''Fall 2026''' |'''27.0 Developer Beta (26A5353q) (June 8, 2026)''' |} === Public Beta: "Kodiak" === On September 13, 2000, Apple released a $29.95 preview of Mac OS X to ask users what they think of the new operating system so far. Apple stopped the Public Beta in March 2001 because of the recent release of OS X 10.0. === Version 10.0: "Cheetah" === On March 24, 2001 Apple released Mac OS X for the first time aka OS X v10.0 (codename Cheetah), but unfortunately, it was a failure due to its many computer bugs and glitches and its slow performance. Luckily this operating system version only stayed on the market up until September when it was moved up to a "higher level". === Version 10.1: "Puma" === Due to many problems and complaints about Cheetah, Apple directly got to work on releasing Puma, the next big cat in Mac OS X. It was released on September 24, 2001. Apple gave 10.0 users a free Mac OS X v10.1 install CD to make up for the flawed operating system before. As of January 7, 2002, Apple said Mac OS 9 and other previous operating systems from Apple were "going in the computer scrapyard" by the end of the month (January 31, 2002) and OS X would be the default and only operating system available on all Macs. === Version 10.2: "Jaguar" === Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar was released on August 24, 2002 and was the first to have its codename in the version branding. The Happy Mac (which formerly appeared when a Mac was starting up) was replaced with a large gray apple logo with the startup sequence of OS X 10.2 Jaguar. === Version 10.3: "Panther" === Mac OS X 10.3 Panther was released on October 24, 2003 and was one of the biggest updates to OS X yet. It featured a new brushed metal interface, an updated Finder, and many more features from Jaguar the year before. === Version 10.4: "Tiger" === Tiger was released on April 29, 2005 and as stated by Apple, featured more than 200 new features. Among the new features, Tiger introduced Spotlight, Dashboard, Smart Folders, updated Mail program with Smart Mailboxes, QuickTime 7, Safari 2, Automaton, Voice-over, Core Image and Core Video. Apple released the first Power Intel Macs for Tiger on January 10, 2006. Tiger ran swell on these computers. It was also the last operating system to support the Aqua color scheme. === Version 10.5: "Leopard" === Mac OS X v10.5 Leopard was released on October 26, 2007. It was completely redesigned featuring a 3D Dock, a new purple color scheme, and over 200 new features. It had both support for PowerPC and Intel Macs too. Leopard was the last release to have support for PowerPC. === Version 10.6: "Snow Leopard" === Mac OS X Snow Leopard was released on August 28, 2009, and rather than featuring changes to the appearance, it featured "Under the hood" changes. Snow Leopard dropped support for PowerPC Macs too. === Version 10.7: "Lion" === OS X Lion was first shown to the public at the "Back to The Mac" event in 2010, announced more at WWDC 2011, and released on July 20, 2011. It featured [[iOS]]-like features such as the Launchpad, the Magic Trackpad coming to MacBooks, and a new [[Solar System|solar system]] color scheme. Apple also removed Rosetta making it impossible to use PowerPC. === Version 10.8: "Mountain Lion" === OS X Mountain Lion was announced on February 18, 2012, and released on July 25, 2012. It adds more features from iOS 5 and 6 to the Mac such as notifications, messaging, game center, and gaming with people on iPhones, iPods, and iPads. === Version 10.9: "Mavericks" === OS X Mavericks was announced on June 10, 2013 at the 2013 [[Worldwide Developers Conference]].<ref name="PR-10-06" /> It adds the Maps and iBooks applications, as well as new Finder features, better multi-display support, power improvements, and a new version of [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]]. It was released on October 22, 2013. It was the first macOS version that was free. === Version 10.10: "Yosemite" === OS X Yosemite was announced in June 2014 at the 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference. It was in beta form for developers and those enrolled in the public beta programme to test until October 16, 2014 when it was released. It introduces a new flat design, following the aesthetic introduced with [[iOS 7]]. === Version 10.11: "El Capitan" === OS X 10.11 El Capitan was released on September 30, 2015 after being announced on June 8, 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2015/06/08Apple-Announces-OS-X-El-Capitan-with-Refined-Experience-Improved-Performance/|title=Apple Announces OS X El Capitan with Refined Experience & Improved Performance|work=Apple Newsroom|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-US}}</ref> Similar to Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard, Apple described this release as containing "refinements to the Mac experience" and "improvements to system performance" rather than new features. Refinements include public transport built into the Maps application, GUI improvements to the Notes application, adopting San Francisco as the system font for clearer legibility, and the introduction of System Integrity Protection. The Metal API, first introduced in [[iOS 8]], was also included in this operating system for "all Macs since 2012". === Version 10.12: "Sierra" === macOS 10.12 Sierra was announced on June 12, 2016<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2016/06/apple-previews-major-update-with-macos-sierra/|title=Apple previews major update with macOS Sierra|work=Apple Newsroom|access-date=2018-03-13|language=en-US}}</ref> and released to the public on September 20, 2016. New features include the addition of Siri, Optimized Storage, and updates to Photos, Messages, and iTunes === Version 10.13: "High Sierra" === The fall release of macOS 10.13 High Sierra was announced on June 5, 2017 at Apple's WWDC event. On September 12, 2017 at Apple's iPhone event, they announced its release to be September 25, 2017. Like OS X El Capitan and OS X Mountain Lion, High Sierra is a refinement-based update having very few new features. High Sierra uses the new Apple File System and includes enhancements to Safari, Photos, and Mail, among other changes. === Version 10.14: "Mojave" === Released on September 24, 2018. There are many additional features to the existing macOS apps. Some highlights are Dark Mode (UI theme & appearance), time shifts reflecting the hour of the day (desktop background), file stacks, edit features in quick look, continuity camera and Group FaceTime features also adds the screenshot app. === Version 10.15: "Catalina" === Released on October 7, 2019. This OS is included with [https://www.apple.com/macos/catalina/features/ lots of additional new features] like sharing your screen to iPad (Sidecar) and is capable of running iPad apps. Catalina is the first version of macOS to exclusively support 64-bit applications. MacOS Catalina also split up iTunes into 3 apps: Music, Podcasts and Movies. Because of the removal of iTunes, syncing your devices is done in Finder. === Version 11.0: "Big Sur" === Released on November 12, 2020, macOS Big Sur changes the version number from 10 to 11. It now supports the ARM64 instruction set architecture (ISA), as Apple is transitioning the Mac to its own Apple Silicon based on the ARM64 platform. It brings the biggest design changes since the introduction of macOS (then called Mac OS X). === Version 12.0: "Monterey" === Released on October 25, 2021. macOS Monterey changes the version number from 11 to 12. === Version 13.0: "Ventura" === Released on October 24, 2022, macOS Ventura changes the version number from 12 to 13.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chin |first1=Monica |date=6 June 2022 |title=Apple announces macOS Ventura with new Stage Manager organization tool |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/6/23148410/apple-macos-13-features-system-preferences-wwdc |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher= |archive-date=7 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607225350/https://www.theverge.com/2022/6/6/23148410/apple-macos-13-features-system-preferences-wwdc |url-status=live}}</ref> === Version 14.0: "Sonoma" === Released on September 26, 2023, macOS Sonoma brings a set of new features to the Mac. With macOS Sonoma, desktop widgets is released which unlock a new way to personalize the Mac and get more done. Stunning new screen savers, updates to video conferencing and Safari, optimized gaming, among several other useful features are also released.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 September 2023 |title=macOS Sonoma is available today |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/macos-sonoma-is-available-today/ |access-date= 11 January 2024 |website=[[Apple]] |publisher= |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926171232/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/macos-sonoma-is-available-today/ |url-status=live}} </ref> === Version 15.0: "Sequoia" === Released on September 16, 2024, macOS Sequoia changes the version number from 14 to 15.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/09/macos-sequoia-is-available-today/|title=macOS Sequoia is available today|date=16 September 2024|access-date=16 September 2024|website=[[Apple]]}}</ref> === Version 26.0: "Tahoe" === Released on September 15, 2025, macOS Tahoe changes the version number from 15 to 26. Tahoe also brings a new [[Liquid Glass]] design to the macOS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Di Benedetto |first1=Antonio G. |title=Apple’s macOS Tahoe 26 update releases on September 15th |url=https://www.theverge.com/news/772630/apple-macos-tahoe-26-update-launch-iphone-event |website=The Verge |accessdate=2025-12-11}}</ref> === Version 27.0: "Golden Gate" === Will be released in fall 2026, macOS Golden Gate focuses on improving performance and underlying technologies. Windows also have a unified toolbar and you customize the opacity of Liquid Glass.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rossignol |first1=Joe |title=Apple Announces macOS Golden Gate |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2026/06/08/apple-announces-macos-golden-gate/ |website=MacRumors |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Architecture == The core of macOS is a [[POSIX]]-compliant operating system. Apple named it [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]]. Apple built it on top of the [[XNU]] [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]]. The standard Unix facilities can be used from the [[command line interface]]. Apple has released Darwin as a [[Free software|free]] and [[Open source software|open source]] operating system. Apple put many components on top of Darwin, including the [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]] interface and the [[Finder (software)|Finder]]. These complete the [[Graphical User Interface|GUI]]-based operating system which is macOS.<ref name="aqua23">{{cite web|author=Grothaus, Michael|date=April 12, 2011|title=Mac OS X Lion to tone down the Aqua|url=http://www.tuaw.com/2011/04/12/mac-os-x-lion-to-tone-down-the-aqua/|url-status=live|work=The Unofficial Apple Weblog|publisher=[[AOL]]|accessdate=April 9, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828084840/http://www.tuaw.com/2011/04/12/mac-os-x-lion-to-tone-down-the-aqua|archivedate=August 28, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]] manages the file system in macOS. A part of the file system is the Unix [[File system permissions|permissions]] layer. It controls what users and parts of the operating system can do with the files. In 2003 and 2005, two [[Macworld]] editors criticized its permission system. Ted Landau called permissions that are set up wrong "the most common frustration" in macOS. Rob Griffiths suggested that some users may have to [[Repair permissions|reset permissions]] every day. He said this can take up to 15 minutes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Griffiths|first=Rob|date=February 2005|title=Prevent Mac Disasters|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/42286/2005/01/preventmacdisasters.html|url-status=live|work=[[Macworld]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|accessdate=February 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221004216/http://www.macworld.com/article/42286/2005/01/preventmacdisasters.html|archivedate=February 21, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Later, Dan Frakes wrote in Macworld that people try repairing permissions too often.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frakes|first=Dan|date=August 2006|title=Repairing permissions: what you need to know|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/52220/2006/08/repairpermissions.html|url-status=live|work=[[Macworld]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|accessdate=February 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219210621/http://www.macworld.com/article/52220/2006/08/repairpermissions.html|archivedate=February 19, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He argues that they should try resetting permissions only when there are problems. He says macOS usually sets correct permissions.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frakes|first=Dan|date=June 2008|title=Five Mac maintenance myths|url=http://www.macworld.com/article/133684/2008/06/maintenance_intro.html|url-status=live|work=[[Macworld]]|publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]]|accessdate=February 8, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123230040/http://www.macworld.com/article/133684/2008/06/maintenance_intro.html|archivedate=January 23, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The architecture of macOS has many layers. The layers provide code for common tasks.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Technologies for Developing Mac OS X Software|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/About/About.html|url-status=live|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=April 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602013413/http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/OSX_Technology_Overview/About/About.html|archivedate=June 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> They make the development of applications faster.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zepko|first=Tom|date=November 6, 2003|title=Why Cocoa?|url=http://homepage.mac.com/tom_zepko/cocoa/why-cocoa.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 15, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804073346/http://homepage.mac.com/tom_zepko/cocoa/why-cocoa.html|archivedate=August 4, 2009|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Apple made [[software development]] tools for macOS. Xcode, an [[integrated development environment]], stand out. Developers use Xcode to use [[Compiler|compilers]]. It supports many [[Programming language|programming languages]], including [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Objective-C]], and [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]. Apple made changes to Xcode for the [[Apple–Intel transition]]. Developers could build their applications as a [[universal binary]]. It lets the applications work on both Intel-based and PowerPC-based Macintosh.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 22, 2007|title=Adopting Universal Binaries on Mac OS X|url=https://developer.apple.com/macosx/adoptinguniversalbinaries.html|url-status=live|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=December 15, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220184035/http://developer.apple.com/macosx/adoptinguniversalbinaries.html|archivedate=December 20, 2008|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Users have two ways to programmatically control applications. The [[AppleScript]] framework was a part of the [[classic Mac OS]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Productions|first=Nyhthawk|title=AppleScript: Graphic User Interface (GUI) Scripting|url=http://www.macosxautomation.com/applescript/uiscripting/|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-03|website=www.macosxautomation.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121125017/http://www.macosxautomation.com/applescript/uiscripting/|archivedate=November 21, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=AppleScript Introduction|url=http://whitefiles.org/b1_s/1_free_guides/fg3mo/pgs/v01.htm|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-03|website=whitefiles.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131030213/http://whitefiles.org/b1_s/1_free_guides/fg3mo/pgs/v01.htm|archivedate=January 31, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The newer [[Automator (software)|Automator]] application offers pre-written tasks. Users do not need to know programming to use these tasks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The really simple guide to Automator in OS X on the Mac {{!}} RAW Mac|url=http://www.rawinfopages.com/mac/content/really-simple-guide-automator-os-x-mac|url-status=live|access-date=2017-01-03|website=www.rawinfopages.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103170340/http://www.rawinfopages.com/mac/content/really-simple-guide-automator-os-x-mac|archivedate=January 3, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Related pages == * [[Apple Macintosh|Macintosh]] == Other websites == * [https://www.apple.com/ Apple Inc.] * [https://www.apple.com/macOS/ macOS] {{Operating systems}}{{Apple Nav}} [[Category:MacOS| ]] [[Category:Unix]] [[Category:BSD]] tun3kb89s806z0yfv9e6jljfjlsdcyo 0 8589 10882452 10857171 2026-06-09T16:40:31Z ~2026-34130-09 1819181 10882452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}} {{otheruses}} {{redirect|Socks}} [[File:Socken_farbig.jpeg|thumb|200px|Socks]] [[File:Toesocks.jpg|thumb|200px|Toe socks]] '''Socks''' are gay. Socks are made of fabric, usually [[nylon]], [[cotton]] or [[wool]]. Some socks can cover only the foot and [[ankle]], and others may be long enough to cover the entire lower [[leg]] up to the [[knee]]. Longer socks are called [[stockings]]. '''Toe socks''' are socks that wrap each [[toe]] separate from the others, like [[glove]]<nowiki/>s but for the feet. Socks are made in many colors. Generally, white socks are worn for everyday or athletic use, and dark socks ([[black]], [[brown]], [[gray]], or [[navy blue]]) are worn with business or formal wears. Some dress socks have patterns on them; these are called "argyles." ==Phone socks== People often refer to sleeves that cover [[Mobile phone|mobile phones]] or other device with "socks". These come in many different forms, colorful or plain. Introduced by Apple in 2004, they usually help to protect the device whilst also being a stylish addition.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Halpin|first=Marilyn|date=2011-12-15|title=Apple Odd Stuff: Don't mock the socks|url=https://news.macgasm.net/miscellaneous-news/apple-odd-stuff-mock-socks/|access-date=2025-06-29|website=Macgasm|language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Footwear]] [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Socks]] {{stub}} ts0znct32kyeozzo99b1r3cnacameyy 10882453 10882452 2026-06-09T16:44:26Z WikiBayer 767728 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-09|~2026-34130-09]] ([[User talk:~2026-34130-09|talk]]) to last version by Jim.henderson 10857171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}} {{otheruses}} {{redirect|Socks}} [[File:Socken_farbig.jpeg|thumb|200px|Socks]] [[File:Toesocks.jpg|thumb|200px|Toe socks]] '''Socks''' are often worn on a person's [[foot|feet]]. They absorb [[sweat]] and help to keep the foot dry. Socks also give comfort to people's feet and keep them warm in cold weather. Socks are made of fabric, usually [[nylon]], [[cotton]] or [[wool]]. Some socks can cover only the foot and [[ankle]], and others may be long enough to cover the entire lower [[leg]] up to the [[knee]]. Longer socks are called [[stockings]]. '''Toe socks''' are socks that wrap each [[toe]] separate from the others, like [[glove]]<nowiki/>s but for the feet. Socks are made in many colors. Generally, white socks are worn for everyday or athletic use, and dark socks ([[black]], [[brown]], [[gray]], or [[navy blue]]) are worn with business or formal wears. Some dress socks have patterns on them; these are called "argyles." ==Phone socks== People often refer to sleeves that cover [[Mobile phone|mobile phones]] or other device with "socks". These come in many different forms, colorful or plain. Introduced by Apple in 2004, they usually help to protect the device whilst also being a stylish addition.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Halpin|first=Marilyn|date=2011-12-15|title=Apple Odd Stuff: Don't mock the socks|url=https://news.macgasm.net/miscellaneous-news/apple-odd-stuff-mock-socks/|access-date=2025-06-29|website=Macgasm|language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Footwear]] [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] [[Category:Socks]] {{stub}} exgxpc58h4ki3tqbpkk8kt3f3xo7l4x 0 8714 10882890 10784619 2026-06-10T03:28:17Z PaulLim11 1671039 /* August */ Macaulay Culkin image 10882890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Year nav|1980}} {{C18 year in topic}} '''1980''' ([[Roman numerals|MCMLXXX]]) was a [[leap year starting on Tuesday]] in the [[Gregorian calendar]]. == Events == * [[January 20]] – The [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] defeat the [[Los Angeles Rams]] to win their 4th [[Super Bowl]] championship. They hold the record for most wins by one team until 1995. * [[April 12]] – [[Terry Fox]] begins his ''Marathon of Hope'' in [[Canada]]. * [[April 30]] – [[Beatrix of the Netherlands]] crowned * [[May 18]] – [[Mount St. Helens]] erupts. * [[August 1]] – [[Vigdís Finnbogadóttir]] becomes the 4th [[President]] of [[Iceland]]. She is the first female ever [[election|elected]] as a [[head of state]] in a democratic election. * [[August]] – Rising [[Solidarity]] a [[Poland|Polish]] trade union which make for fallen [[communism]] in East Europe * [[September 1]] – [[Terry Fox]] ends his ''Marathon of Hope'', after his [[cancer]] resurfaces. * [[September 22]] – War begins between [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]]. * [[November 4]] – [[Ronald Reagan]] defeats [[Jimmy Carter]] during the presidential elections. * [[December 8]] – [[John Lennon]] of [[The Beatles]] is shot and killed outside of his [[apartment]] in [[New York City]] by [[Mark David Chapman]]. * Pictures taken by the [[Voyager 1]] [[spacecraft|probe]] lead to the discovery of [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn's]] moon, [[Atlas (moon)|Atlas]]. ==Births== ===January=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Greg Cipes by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Greg Cipes]]]] [[File:Carlos Alvarado Le Chateu (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]]]] [[File:Lin-Manuel Miranda.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lin-Manuel Miranda]]]] [[File:Zooey Deschanel May 2014 (cropped).png|thumb|100px|[[Zooey Deschanel]]]] [[File:Maksimchmerkovskiy.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Maksim Chmerkovskiy]]]] [[File:Estelle Swaray.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Estelle (musician)|Estelle]]]] [[File:Jason Segel Sundance 2017.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Jason Segel]]]] [[File:Xavi Hernandez (31521652051).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Xavi]]]] [[File:Marat Safin, 2006.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Marat Safin]]]] [[File:Nick Carter Freehold NJ.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nick Carter (musician)|Nick Carter]]]] [[File:JoshKelleyMarch2007.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Josh Kelley]]]] [[File:Wilmer Valderrama (7492358912).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Wilmer Valderrama]]]] * [[January 1]] ** [[Richie Faulkner]], British rock guitarist ** [[Karina Jacobsgaard]], Danish tennis player ** [[Mark Nichols (curler)|Mark Nichols]], Canadian curler ** [[Elin Nordegren]], Swedish model * [[January 4]] – [[Greg Cipes]], American actor * [[January 7]] – [[Hele Kõrve]], Estonian actress and singer * [[January 8]] ** [[Adam Goodes]], [[Australian rules footballer]] ** [[Rachel Nichols (actress)|Rachel Nichols]], American actress * [[January 9]] – [[Sergio García]], Spanish golfer * [[January 10]] – [[Sarah Shahi]], American actress * [[January 11]] – [[Lovieanne Jung]], American softball player * [[January 12]] – [[Ameriie]], American singer * [[January 13]] – [[LaKisha Jones]], American singer * [[January 14]] ** [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]], Costa Rican politician, 48th [[President of Costa Rica]] ** [[Ossama Haidar]], Lebanese footballer ** [[Hiroshi Tamaki]], Japanese actor, model and singer ** [[Cory Gibbs]], American footballer ** [[Monika Kuszyńska]], Polish singer and songwriter ** [[Sosuke Sumitani]], Japanese announcer ** [[Yūko Kaida]], Japanese voice actress * [[January 16]] ** [[Albert Pujols]], Dominican [[Major League Baseball]] player ** [[Michelle Wild]], Hungarian actress ** [[Lin-Manuel Miranda]], Puerto Rican-American actor, composer, and writer * [[January 17]] ** [[Zooey Deschanel]], American actress, singer and musician ** [[Maksim Chmerkovskiy]], Ukrainian-American dance champion, choreographer and instructor * [[January 18]] ** [[Estelle (musician)|Estelle]], British singer and actress ** [[Julius Peppers]], American football player ** [[Jason Segel]], American actor and comedian * [[January 19]] ** [[Jenson Button]], British racecar driver ** [[Arvydas Macijauskas]], Lithuanian basketball player * [[January 20]] ** [[Philippe Cousteau Jr.]], American-French oceanographer ** [[Philippe Gagnon (swimmer)|Philippe Gagnon]], Canadian Paralympic swimmer ** [[Kim Jeong-hoon]], South Korean singer and actor ** [[Brigitte Olivier]], Belgian martial artist ** [[Petra Rampre]], Slovenian tennis player ** [[Matthew Tuck]], Welsh singer and guitarist * [[January 21]] ** [[Nana Mizuki]], Japanese voice actress and singer ** [[Kevin McKenna]], Canadian footballer * [[January 22]] ** [[Jake Grove]], American football player ** [[Christopher Masterson]], American actor * [[January 24]] ** [[Nyncke Beekhuyzen]], Dutch actress ** [[Suzy (singer)|Suzy]], Portuguese singer * [[January 25]] ** [[Christian Olsson]], Swedish athlete ** [[Xavi]], Spanish footballer ** [[Michelle McCool]], American professional wrestler * [[January 26]] – [[Sanae Kobayashi]], Japanese voice actress * [[January 27]] – [[Marat Safin]], Russian tennis player * [[January 28]] – [[Nick Carter (musician)|Nick Carter]], American pop singer ([[Backstreet Boys]]) * [[January 29]] ** [[Yael Bar Zohar]], Israeli actress and model ** [[Jason James Richter]], American actor * [[January 30]] ** [[Josh Kelley]], American singer-songwriter ** [[Wilmer Valderrama]], American actor ===February=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Matthew Lawrence (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Matthew Lawrence]]]] [[File:Christina Ricci by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Christina Ricci]]]] [[File:Jason Ritter TIFF 2015.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jason Ritter]]]] [[File:2010 Justin Roiland.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Justin Roiland]]]] [[File:King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (edit).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]]]] [[File:Chelsea Clinton DNC July 2016 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Chelsea Clinton]]]] * [[February 2]] ** [[Zhang Jingchu]], Chinese actress ** [[Nina Zilli]], Italian singer-songwriter * [[February 5]] ** [[Jo Swinson]], British MP ** [[Robin Vik]], [[Czech Republic|Czech]] tennis player ** [[Paul DelVecchio]], American reality show personality * [[February 6]] ** [[Kim Poirier]], Canadian actress ** [[Luke Ravenstahl]], American [[list of mayors of Pittsburgh|mayor of Pittsburgh]] ** [[Mamiko Noto]], Japanese voice actress * [[February 8]] – [[Yang Wei (gymnast)|Yang Wei]], Chinese gymnast * [[February 9]] – [[Manu Raju]], American journalist * [[February 10]] ** [[César Izturis]], Venezuelan [[Major League Baseball]] player ** [[Steve Tully]], English footballer * [[February 11]] – [[Matthew Lawrence]], American actor * [[February 12]] ** [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]], Spanish tennis player ** [[Christina Ricci]], American actress ** [[Gucci Mane]], American rapper * [[February 14]] – [[Michelle Ye]], Hong Kong actress * [[February 15]] ** [[Conor Oberst]], American singer-songwriter ** [[Petr Elfimov]], Belarusian singer * [[February 16]] – [[Ashley Lelie]], American football player * [[February 17]] ** [[Jason Ritter]], American actor ** [[Vahe Tilbian]], Ethiopian singer of Armenian descent * [[February 18]] ** [[Florin Cezar Ouatu|Cezar]], Romanian opera singer and pianist ** [[Regina Spektor]], Russian-American singer-songwriter * [[February 19]] ** [[Mike Miller (basketball player)|Mike Miller]], American basketball player ** [[Ma Lin (table tennis)|Ma Lin]], Chinese table-tennis player * [[February 20]] ** [[Imanol Harinordoquy]], French rugby player ** [[Artur Boruc]], Polish football (soccer) goalkeeper ** [[Yuichi Nakamura (voice actor)|Yuichi Nakamura]], Japanese voice actor * [[February 21]] ** [[Brad Fast]], Canadian ice hockey player ** [[Justin Roiland]], American actor ** [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]], [[King of Bhutan]] * [[February 22]] – [[Jeanette Biedermann]], German singer and actress * [[February 24]] ** [[Emma Johnson (swimmer)|Emma Johnson]], Australian swimmer ** [[Shinsuke Nakamura]], Japanese professional wrestler * [[February 25]] – [[Chris Knowings|Chris]] and [[Christy Knowings]], American actors * [[February 26]] – [[Júlio César da Silva e Souza]], Brazilian footballer * [[February 27]] ** [[Chelsea Clinton]], daughter of former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] and U.S. Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]] ** [[Don Diablo]], Dutch DJ and producer * [[February 28]] ** [[Tayshaun Prince]], American basketball player ** [[Piotr Giza]], Polish footballer * [[February 29]] ** [[Simon Gagné]], Canadian hockey player ** [[Peter Scanavino]], American actor ===March=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Laura-Prepon.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Laura Prepon]]]] [[File:Johan Olsson 2013-06-12 001.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Johan Olsson (skier)|Johan Olsson]]]] [[File:Ronaldinho Kazan.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Ronaldinho]]]] [[File:Garfunkel & Oates (5133035343).jpg|100px|thumb|[[Kate Micucci]]]] * [[March 1]] – [[Shahid Afridi]], Pakistani cricketer * [[March 2]] ** [[Chris Barker]], English footballer ** [[Julia Chantrey]], Canadian actress ** [[Lance Cade]], American professional wrestler (d. [[2010]]) * [[March 4]] ** [[Jung Da-bin]], Korean actress (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Omar Bravo]], Mexican footballer ** [[Jack Hannahan]], American baseball infielder * [[March 5]] – [[Jessica Boehrs]], German singer and actress * [[March 7]] ** [[Murat Boz]], Turkish singer and actor ** [[Laura Prepon]], American actress ** [[Mart Toome]], Estonian actor * [[March 9]] ** [[Chingy]], American rapper, singer and actor ** [[Matthew Gray Gubler]], American actor and director * [[March 11]] – [[Gabriela Pichler]], Swedish film director and screenwriter * [[March 13]] **[[Caron Butler]], American basketball player **[[Nick Barua]], British Corporate executive *[[March 14]] **[[Aaron Brown (footballer born 1980)|Aaron Brown]], English footballer **[[Hiro Matsushita]], Formar Japanese Race car Driver and [[Businessman]] * [[March 16]] – [[Todd Heap]], American football player * [[March 17]] – [[Katie Morgan]], American porn actress and radio host * [[March 18]] – [[Alexei Yagudin]], Russian figure skater * [[March 19]] ** [[Agnes Pihlava]], Finnish pop singer ** [[Johan Olsson (skier)|Johan Olsson]], Swedish cross country skier * [[March 20]] ** [[Hamada Helal]], Egyptian singer ** [[Jamal Crawford]], American basketball player ** [[Mikey Day]], American actor, comedian and writer * [[March 21]] ** [[Marit Bjørgen]], Norwegian cross-country skier ** [[Ronaldinho]], Brazilian footballer ** [[Deryck Whibley]], Canadian singer-songwriter and musician ([[Sum 41]]) * [[March 23]] – [[Russell Howard]], English comedian * [[March 26]] – [[Rosendo Rodriguez (murderer)|Rosendo Rodriguez]], American convicted serial killer (d. [[2018]]) * [[March 27]] – [[Greg Puciato]], American heavy metal musician * [[March 29]] – [[Andy Scott-Lee]], British singer * [[March 30]] – [[Yalın]], Turkish pop singer and songwriter * [[March 31]] ** [[Kate Micucci]], American actress and voice artist ** [[Chien-Ming Wang]], Taiwanese [[Major League Baseball]] player ===April=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Randy Orton May 2014.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Randy Orton]]]] [[File:MJK34322 Charlie Hunnam (The Lost City Of Z, Berlinale 2017).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Charlie Hunnam]]]] [[File:The Common Linnets, ESC2014 Meet & Greet 09 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Waylon (Dutch singer)|Waylon]]]] [[File:Reagan Gomez by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Reagan Gomez-Preston]]]] [[File:Daniel MacPherson.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Daniel MacPherson]]]] [[File:Jordana Brewster at PaleyFest 2013 2.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jordana Brewster]]]] [[File:Channing Tatum July 2015.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Channing Tatum]]]] * [[April 1]] ** [[Randy Orton]], American professional wrestler ** [[Bijou Phillips]], American actress ** [[Yūko Takeuchi]], Japanese actress * [[April 4]] – [[Björn Wirdheim]], Swedish race car driver * [[April 7]] – [[Michael Bellisario]], American actor * [[April 8]] ** [[Ben Freeman]], British actor ** [[Carrie Savage]], American actress and voice actress * [[April 9]] ** [[Rachel Specter]], American actress ** [[Arlen Escarpeta]], Belizean actor * [[April 10]] ** [[Sean Avery]], Canadian ice hockey player ** [[Kasey Kahne]], American race car driver ** [[Charlie Hunnam]], English actor * [[April 11]] – [[Mark Teixeira]], American baseball player * [[April 12]] – [[Brian McFadden (singer)|Brian McFadden]], Irish rock singer * [[April 13]] – [[Colleen Clinkenbeard]], American voice actress * [[April 14]] ** [[Ayumi Ito]], Japanese actress ** [[Tom Franco]], American actor * [[April 15]] – [[Natalie Casey]], English actress * [[April 16]] ** [[Reeyot Alemu]], Ethiopian journalist ** [[Samir Javadzadeh]], Azerbaijani singer ** [[Paul London]], American professional wrestler * [[April 17]] ** [[Brenda Villa]], American water polo player ** [[Lee Hyun-il]], South Korean badminton player ** [[Alaina Huffman]], Canadian film and television actress * [[April 18]] – [[Justin Amash]], American politician * [[April 20]] ** [[Jasmin Wagner]], German singer ** [[Waylon (Dutch singer)|Waylon]], Dutch singer * [[April 21]] ** [[Tony Romo]], American football player ** [[Vincent Lecavalier]], Canadian hockey player * [[April 22]] – [[Nicolas Douchez]], French footballer * [[April 24]] ** [[Austin Nichols]], American actor ** [[Karen Asrian]], Armenian chess Grandmaster (d. [[2008]]) ** [[Reagan Gomez-Preston]], American actress and voice actress * [[April 25]] ** [[Lee Spick]], English snooker player (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Daniel MacPherson]], Australian actor ** [[Kazuhito Tadano]], Japanese baseball player * [[April 26]] ** [[Jordana Brewster]], American actress ** [[Marlon King]], Jamaican footballer ** [[Channing Tatum]], American actor and model * [[April 27]] – [[Zayed Khan]], Indian actor * [[April 28]] – [[Josh Howard]], American basketball player * [[April 29]] ** [[Kian Egan]], Irish singer ** [[Emmad Irfani]], Pakistani model and TV actor * [[April 30]] – [[Luis Scola]], Argentine basketball player ===May=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Ellie Kemper photo by Josephine Sittenfeld.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ellie Kemper]]]] [[File:Gotye, 2012.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gotye]]]] [[File:SGerrard.JPG|100px|thumb|[[Steven Gerrard]]]] * [[May 1]] – [[Ana Claudia Talancón]], Mexican actress * [[May 2]] ** [[Tim Borowski]], German footballer ** [[Ellie Kemper]], American actress and comedian ** [[Zat Knight]], English footballer * [[May 3]] – [[Marcel Vigneron]], American chef * [[May 5]] ** [[Maia Hirasawa]], Swedish pop singer ** [[Yossi Benayoun]], Israeli footballer ** [[Hank Green]], American entrepreneur, musician, educator, producer and vlogger * [[May 6]] ** [[Kelly van der Veer]], Dutch reality TV star ** [[Dimitris Diamantidis]], Greek basketball player * [[May 7]] – [[Johan Kenkhuis]], Dutch swimmer * [[May 8]] – [[Benny Yau]], Canadian entertainer * [[May 9]] ** [[Grant Hackett]], Australian swimmer ** [[Carolin Kebekus]], German comedian and actress ** [[Norihiro Nishi]], Japanese footballer * [[May 10]] – [[Pete Gray (activist)|Pete Gray]], Australian environmental activist (d. [[2011]]) * [[May 15]] – [[Josh Beckett]], American baseball player * [[May 17]] – [[Alistair Overeem]], Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer * [[May 18]] – [[Ali Zafar]], Pakistani music composer, singer-songwriter, painter and actor * [[May 19]] ** [[Drew Fuller]], American actor and model ** [[Dean Heffernan]], Australian footballer * [[May 21]] – [[Gotye]], Belgian-Australian multi-instrumentalist and singer-songwriter * [[May 22]] ** [[Lucy Gordon (actress)|Lucy Gordon]], British actress (d. [[2009]]) ** [[Evelin Võigemast]], Estonian actress and singer * [[May 24]] – [[Cecilia Cheung]], Hong Kong actress * [[May 28]] ** [[Mark Feehily]], Irish singer ** [[Jørgen Strickert]], Norwegian comedian * [[May 29]] – [[Michael Stasko]], Canadian actor * [[May 30]] – [[Steven Gerrard]], English footballer * [[May 31]] – [[Andy Hurley]], American drummer ===June=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Mike Fisher.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Mike Fisher (ice hockey)|Mike Fisher]]]] [[File:Sarah Connor (ZMF 2016) jm10508.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Sarah Connor (singer)|Sarah Connor]]]] [[File:JessicaDiCicco.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jessica DiCicco]]]] [[File:Melissa Rauch at PaleyFest 2013 (edited).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Melissa Rauch]]]] * [[June 1]] ** [[Oliver James (entertainer)|Oliver James]], British actor ** [[Damien Fahey]], American MTV VJ, television host and drummer * [[June 2]] – [[Lindsey Yamasaki]], Japanese-American basketball player * [[June 3]] – [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]], [[Emir of Qatar]] * [[June 5]] – [[Mike Fisher (ice hockey)|Mike Fisher]], Canadian hockey player * [[June 6]] – [[Mmusi Maimane]], South African politician * [[June 7]] – [[Henkka Seppälä]], Finnish bassist * [[June 8]] – [[David Holoubek]], Czech football manager * [[June 10]] ** [[Jessica DiCicco]], American actress ** [[Francelino Matuzalem]], Brazilian footballer ** [[Wang Yuegu]], Singaporean Olympic table tennis player<!--"Wang" is surname --> * [[June 13]] ** [[Sarah Connor (singer)|Sarah Connor]], German singer ** [[Juan Carlos Navarro (basketball)|Juan Carlos Navarro]], Spanish basketball player * [[June 16]] ** [[Brad Gushue]], Canadian curler ** [[Joey Yung]], Hong Kong singer * [[June 17]] ** [[Kimeru]], Japanese singer ** [[Venus Williams]], American tennis player ** [[Jeph Jacques]], American webcomic writer * [[June 19]] – [[Jason White (American football)|Jason White]], American football player * [[June 22]] – [[Ilya Bryzgalov]], Russian ice hockey player * [[June 23]] ** [[Erick Elías]], Mexican actor ** [[Mark Greaney]], Irish singer and guitarist ** [[Ramnaresh Sarwan]], West Indian cricketer ** [[Manus Boonjumnong]], Thai boxer ** [[Francesca Schiavone]], Italian tennis player ** [[Jessica Taylor]], English singer ** [[Melissa Rauch]], American actress * [[June 24]] ** [[Liane Balaban]], Canadian actress ** [[Minka Kelly]], American actress * [[June 25]] ** [[Nozomi Takeuchi]], Japanese actress ** [[Philippe Lacheau]], French actor, director and writer * [[June 26]] ** [[Michael Vick]], American football player ** [[Michael Jackson (footballer born 1980)|Michael Jackson]], English footballer ** [[Rafiz Abu Bakar]], Malaysian footballer * [[June 27]] – [[Kevin Pietersen]], South African-English former cricketer * [[June 29]] ** [[James Courtney]], Australian race car driver ** [[Katherine Jenkins]], Welsh soprano ** [[Martin Truex Jr.]], American race car driver * [[June 30]] ** [[Adil Annani]], Moroccan long-distance runner ** [[Ryan ten Doeschate]], Dutch cricketer ** [[Alireza Vahedi Nikbakht]], Iranian footballer ** [[Nelbert Omolon]], Filipino professional basketball player ** [[Rade Prica]], Swedish footballer ** [[Sayuti]], Indonesian footballer ===July=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Olivia Munn, 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Olivia Munn]]]] [[File:Harbhajan Singh's Pepsi promotional event 'Change The Game'.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Harbhajan Singh]]]] [[File:Eva Green (Headshot).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eva Green]]]] [[File:Michelle Kwan Special Olympics 2010 2.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Michelle Kwan]]]] [[File:Jessica Simpson Joining Forces with the Rockies April 2011 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jessica Simpson]]]] [[File:Kristen Bell Frozen premiere 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Kristen Bell]]]] [[File:Ardern Cropped.png|thumb|100px|[[Jacinda Ardern]]]] * [[July 1]] ** [[Mizz Nina]], Malaysian fashion designer, a host, humanitarian ** [[Nelson Cruz]], Dominican baseball player ** [[Shon Seung-mo]], South Korean badminton player * [[July 2]] – [[Brian Drolet]], American actor, producer and writer * [[July 3]] ** [[Roland Schoeman]], South African swimmer ** [[Olivia Munn]], American actress and model ** [[Harbhajan Singh]], Indian international cricketer * [[July 5]] ** [[Paul "DJ Pauly D" DelVecchio]], American reality TV star ** [[Eva Green]], French actress and model ** [[Zayed Khan]], Indian actor and producer ** [[Fabián Ríos (actor)|Fabián Ríos]], Colombian actor and model ** [[Jason Wade]], American singer and guitarist * [[July 6]] – [[Pau Gasol]], Spanish basketball player * [[July 7]] ** [[Marika Domińczyk]], Polish American actress ** [[Jim McMahon (politician)|Jim McMahon]], British politician ** [[Michelle Kwan]], American figure skater ** Dr Malinga, South African record producer and musician * [[July 8]] ** [[Robbie Keane]], Irish footballer ** [[Chetan Anand (badminton)|Chetan Anand]], Indian badminton player ** [[Yang Tae-Young]], South Korean gymnast * [[July 10]] ** [[Thomas Ian Nicholas]], American film actor, singer, musician, producer, director and writer ** [[Adam Petty]], American race car driver (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Jessica Simpson]], American singer ** [[Jeremy Ray Valdez]], American actor ** [[James Rolfe]], American director, actor and writer ** [[Cláudia Leitte]], Brazilian singer * [[July 11]] ** [[Mathias Boe]], Danish badminton player ** [[Alvent Yulianto]], Indonesian badminton player * [[July 12]] ** [[Kristen Connolly]], American actress ** [[Eny Widiowati]], Indonesian badminton player * [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Pejman Nouri]], Iranian football player * [[July 15]] ** [[Reggie Abercrombie]], American baseball player ** [[BxB Hulk]], Japanese professional wrestler ** [[JW-Jones]], Canadian blues musician ** [[Jasper Pääkkönen]], Finnish actor and film producer ** [[Julia Perez]], Indonesian singer and actress (d. [[2017]]) * [[July 16]] ** [[Svetlana Feofanova]], Russian pole-vaulter ** [[Adam Scott (golfer)|Adam Scott]], Australian golfer * [[July 17]] ** [[Rashid Ramzi]], Moroccan-Bahraini athlete ** [[Masato Yoshino]], Japanese professional wrestler ** [[Ryan Miller]], American ice hockey goaltender * [[July 18]] – [[Kristen Bell]], American actress * [[July 19]] ** [[Yeoh Kay Bin]], Malaysian badminton player ** [[Mark Webber (actor)|Mark Webber]], American actor * [[July 20]] ** [[Gisele Bündchen]], Brazilian supermodel ** [[Jin Goo]], South Korean actor * [[July 21]] – [[CC Sabathia]], American baseball player * [[July 22]] ** [[Tablo]], South Korean-Canadian rapper, songwriter, record producer, and author ** [[Dirk Kuyt]], Dutch footballer ** [[Kate Ryan]], Belgian singer * [[July 25]] – [[Rebeka Dremelj]], Slovenian singer * [[July 26]] – [[Jacinda Ardern]], 40th [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]] * [[July 27]] – [[Dolph Ziggler|Nick Nemeth]], American professional wrestler * [[July 29]] ** [[Rachel Miner]], American actress ** [[Fernando González]], Chilean tennis player ===August=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. -->[[File:Macaulay Culkin - Home Alone 35th.jpg|thumb|125x125px|[[Macaulay Culkin]]]] [[File:Chris Pine by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Chris Pine]]]] [[File:William Levy in 2015 (2).jpg|thumb|100px|[[William Levy (actor)|William Levy]]]] [[File:Joanne Froggatt May 3, 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Joanne Froggatt]]]] * [[August 2]] – [[Dingdong Dantes]], Filipino actor * [[August 3]] ** [[Nadia Ali (singer)|Nadia Ali]], Pakistani-American singer-songwriter ** [[Hannah Simone]], British-Canadian actress ** [[Dominic Moore]], Canadian ice hockey player * [[August 5]] – [[Wayne Bridge]], English footballer * [[August 6]] – [[Will Pan]], American-Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor * [[August 8]] – [[Craig Breslow]], American baseball pitcher * [[August 9]] ** [[Charlie David]], Canadian actor ** [[Dominic Tabuna]], Nauruan politician * [[August 10]] – [[Pua Magasiva]], Samoan actor * [[August 11]] – [[Monika Pyrek]], Polish pole vaulter * [[August 12]] – [[Maggie Lawson]], American actress * [[August 14]] – [[Roy Williams (safety)|Roy Williams]], American football player * [[August 16]] ** [[Julien Absalon]], French mountain biker ** [[Vanessa Carlton]], American singer * [[August 17]] ** [[David Legwand]], American ice hockey player ** [[Lene Marlin]], Norwegian singer and musician * [[August 18]] – [[Damion Stewart]], Jamaican footballer * [[August 19]] ** [[Darius Campbell]], Scottish singer-songwriter ** [[Adrian Lulgjuraj]], Albanian singer * [[August 21]] ** [[Jon Lajoie]], Canadian comedian ** [[Paul Menard]], American race car driver * [[August 23]] ** [[Rex Grossman]], American football player ** [[Joanne Froggatt]], British voice artist * [[August 24]] – [[Rachael Carpani]], Australian actress * [[August 26]] ** [[Macaulay Culkin]], American actor ** [[Chris Pine]], American actor * [[August 27]] – [[Derrick Strait]], American football player * [[August 28]] – [[Debra Lafave]], American teacher * [[August 29]] ** [[William Levy (actor)|William Levy]], Cuban-American actor ** [[David West (basketball)|David West]], American basketball player ===September=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Nigar Camal 2012.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nigar Jamal]]]] [[File:Michelle Williams 2012 Shankbone 3 (cropped).JPG|thumb|100px|[[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]]]] [[File:Mike Comrie in 2009.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Mike Comrie]]]] [[File:YaoMingonoffense2.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Yao Ming]]]] [[File:Zachary Levi - Guardians of the Galaxy premiere - July 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Zachary Levi]]]] * [[September 2]] – [[Dany Sabourin]], French Canadian ice hockey goaltender * [[September 3]] ** [[Jennie Finch]], American softball player ** [[Polina Smolova]], Belarusian singer * [[September 4]] – [[Max Greenfield]], American actor * [[September 5]] – [[Kevin Simm]], English singer ([[Liberty X]]) * [[September 6]] ** [[Kerry Katona]], English TV presenter and former pop star ([[Atomic Kitten]]) ** [[Samuel Peter]], Nigerian boxer and heavyweight champion ** [[Joseph Yobo]], Nigerian footballer * [[September 7]] ** [[Nigar Jamal]], Azerbaijani singer, [[Eurovision Song Contest]] [[Eurovision Song Contest 2011|2011]] winner ** [[Gabriel Milito]], Argentine footballer ** [[Mark Prior]], American baseball player * [[September 8]] ** [[Eric Hutchinson]], American singer-songwriter ** [[Neferteri Shepherd]], African-American model and actress * [[September 9]] ** [[Denise Quiñones]], Puerto Rican actress, [[Miss Universe 2001]] ** [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]], American actress * [[September 10]] – [[Mikey Way]], British musician ([[My Chemical Romance]]) * [[September 11]] – [[Mike Comrie]], Canadian ice hockey player * [[September 12]] ** [[Sean Burroughs]], American baseball player ** [[Yao Ming]], Chinese basketball player ** [[Hiroyuki Sawano]], Japanese composer * [[September 13]] ** [[Ben Savage]], American actor ** [[Daisuke Matsuzaka]], Japanese baseball player * [[September 15]] ** [[Ben Wolff]], American actor (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Jolin Tsai]], Taiwanese singer ** [[Faiz Khaleed]], Malaysian astronaut * [[September 21]] ** [[Kareena Kapoor]], Indian actress ** [[Autumn Reeser]], American actress * [[September 24]] – [[Victoria Pendleton]], English cyclist * [[September 25]] – [[T.I.]], African-American rap artist, film and music producer, actor and author * [[September 26]] – [[Daniel Sedin|Daniel]] and [[Henrik Sedin]], Swedish ice hockey players * [[September 29]] ** [[Patrick Agyemang]], Ghanaian footballer ** [[Dallas Green (musician)|Dallas Green]], musician ** [[Zachary Levi]], American actor and singer * [[September 30]] ** [[Martina Hingis]], Swiss tennis player ** [[Warpaint (band)|Emily Kokal]], vocalist, guitarist ** [[Arisa Ogasawara]], Japanese voice actress ** [[Guillermo Rigondeaux]], Cuban boxer ===October=== <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Joe Kennedy III, 115th official photo.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Joe Kennedy III]]]] [[File:Nick Cannon by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nick Cannon]]]] [[File:Kim Kardashian West 2014.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Kim Kardashian]]]] [[File:Monica Brown.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Monica (singer)|Monica]]]] [[File:Ben Foster by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ben Foster]]]] * [[October 1]] – [[Sarah Drew]], American actress * [[October 3]] – [[Daniel DeSanto]], Canadian actor and voice actor * [[October 4]] ** [[Me'Lisa Barber]], American athlete ** [[Joe Kennedy III]], American lawyer ** [[Tomáš Rosický]], Czech footballer ** [[Ben Whishaw]], English actor * [[October 5]] ** [[James Toseland]], English motorcycle racer ** [[Ti West]], American film director * [[October 8]] ** [[The Miz|Michael Mizanin]], American professional wrestler ** [[Nick Cannon]], African-American actor, comedian, rapper, entrepreneur, record producer and broadcast personality * [[October 10]] ** [[Sherine]], Egyptian singer ** [[Lynn Hung]], Hong Kong actress * [[October 11]] ** [[Tomokazu Sugita]], Japanese voice actor * [[October 12]] ** [[Ledley King]], English footballer ** [[Nadzeya Ostapchuk]], Belarusian athlete * [[October 13]] ** [[Ashanti (singer)|Ashanti]], African-American singer ** [[Scott Parker]], English footballer * [[October 14]] ** [[Terrence McGee]], American football player ** [[Ben Whishaw]], English actor * [[October 15]] – [[Tom Boonen]], Belgian cyclist * [[October 16]] ** [[Sue Bird]], Israeli-American basketball player ** [[Timana Tahu]], Australian Rugby League player * [[October 17]] ** [[Angel Parker]], American actress ** [[Justin Shenkarow]], American actor ** [[Yekaterina Gamova]], Russian volleyball player * [[October 18]] ** [[Erin Dean]], American actress ** [[Reetinder Singh Sodhi]], Indian cricket player * [[October 19]] – [[José Bautista]], Dominican baseball player * [[October 21]] – [[Kim Kardashian]], American socialite and television personality * [[October 23]] – [[Robert Belushi]], American actor * [[October 24]] ** [[Monica (singer)|Monica]], African-American singer ** [[Casey Wilson]], American actress and comedian * [[October 28]] ** [[Alan Smith (footballer, born 1980)|Alan Smith]], English footballer ** [[Christy Hemme]], American professional wrestler * [[October 29]] – [[Ben Foster]], American actor * [[October 31]] – [[Eddie Kaye Thomas]], American actor and comedian === November === <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Luke Hemsworth by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Luke Hemsworth]]]] [[File:Ryan Gosling by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ryan Gosling]]]] [[File:Monique Coleman 2011, 5.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Monique Coleman]]]] [[File:Isaac Hanson.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hanson (band)#Isaac Hanson|Isaac Hanson]]]] [[File:Nick Swisher.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nick Swisher]]]] * [[November 4]] – [[Sabrina Colie]], Jamaican actress * [[November 5]] ** [[Luke Hemsworth]], Australian actor ** [[Christoph Metzelder]], German footballer ** [[Essaï Altounian]], French-Armenian actor, singer-songwriter, keyboardist and music producer * [[November 6]] – [[Anri Jokhadze]], Georgian pop singer * [[November 7]] – [[Gervasio Deferr]], Spanish gymnast * [[November 10]] – [[Calvin Chen]], Taiwanese pop singer * [[November 11]] – [[Willie Parker]], American football player * [[November 12]] – [[Ryan Gosling]], Canadian actor and musician * [[November 13]] – [[Monique Coleman]], American actress * [[November 15]] – [[Kevin Staut]], French equestrian * [[November 16]] – [[Kayte Christensen]], American basketball player * [[November 17]] – [[Hanson (band)#Isaac Hanson|Isaac Hanson]], American musician * [[November 18]] ** [[Denny Hamlin]], American race car driver ** [[Dustin Kensrue]], Canadian singer ** [[François Duval]], Belgian rally driver ** [[Junichi Okada]], Japanese singer ** [[Luke Chadwick]], English footballer ** [[Mathew Baynton]], English actor and writer ** [[Minori Chihara]], Japanese voice actress and singer * [[November 19]] – [[Adele Silva]], English actress and model * [[November 21]] ** [[Hank Blalock]], American baseball player ** [[Hiroyuki Tomita]], Japanese gymnast ** [[Elaine Yiu]], Hong Kong actress * [[November 22]] – [[David Artell]], English footballer * [[November 23]] – [[Jonathan Papelbon]], American baseball player * [[November 24]] – [[Beth Phoenix]], American professional wrestler * [[November 25]] ** [[Rowly Dennis]], English actor ** [[John-Michael Liles]], American hockey player ** [[Nick Swisher]], American baseball player * [[November 26]] – [[Satoshi Ohno]], Japanese singer * [[November 28]] – [[Lisa Middelhauve]], German singer ([[Xandria]]) * [[November 29]] ** [[Jason Griffith]], American actor and voice actor ** [[Janina Gavankar]], American actress and musician ** [[Ilias Kasidiaris]], Greek politician === December === <!-- Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. --> [[File:Simon Helberg at PaleyFest 2013.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Simon Helberg]]]] [[File:Christina Aguilera at the premiere of Burlesque (2010).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Christina Aguilera]]]] [[File:Jake Gyllenhaal Cannes 2017.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jake Gyllenhaal]]]] [[File:Elizabeth Rodriguez by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Elizabeth Rodriguez]]]] [[File:Eliza Dushku 2, 2012.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eliza Dushku]]]] * [[December 1]] ** [[Angelique Bates]], American actress, comedian, and rapper ** [[Joel A. Sutherland]], Canadian author * [[December 3]] ** [[Anna Chlumsky]], American actress ** [[Jenna Dewan]], American actress ** [[Jim Sorgi]], American football player * [[December 5]] – [[Ibrahim Maalouf]], Lebanese-born French trumpeter ** [[Shizuka Itō]], Japanese voice actress * [[December 6]] ** [[Steve Lovell]], English footballer ** [[Kei Yasuda]], Japanese singer * [[December 7]] – [[John Terry]], English footballer * [[December 9]] ** [[Simon Helberg]], American actor and comedian ** [[Ryder Hesjedal]], Canadian professional cyclist * [[December 10]] – [[Sarah Chang]], American violinist * [[December 13]] ** [[Satoshi Tsumabuki]], Japanese actor ** [[Bosco Wong]], Hong Kong actor * [[December 15]] ** [[Neil McDermott]], English actor ** [[Sergio Pizzorno]], English guitarist and songwriter * [[December 16]] – [[Axle Whitehead]], Australian actor and singer-songwriter * [[December 18]] ** [[Baron Vaughn]], American actor and comedian ** [[Christina Aguilera]], American singer * [[December 19]] ** [[Marla Sokoloff]], American actress ** [[Jake Gyllenhaal]], American actor * [[December 20]] ** [[Ashley Cole]], English footballer ** [[Chris Edwards (musician)|Chris Edwards]], English musician ** [[Fitz Hall]], English footballer * [[December 22]] ** [[Chris Carmack]], American actor ** [[Matt Parker]], Australian author * [[December 23]] – [[Cody Ross]], American baseball player * [[December 25]] – [[Laura Sadler]], English actress (d. [[2003]]) * [[December 27]] ** [[Bernard Berrian]], American football player ** [[Cesaro (wrestler)|Cesaro]], Swiss professional wrestler * [[December 30]] – [[Eliza Dushku]], American actress * [[December 31]] – [[Richie McCaw]], New Zealand rugby player ==Deaths== ===January=== [[File:Jimmy durante 1964.JPG|110px|thumb|[[Jimmy Durante]]]] * [[January 1]] ** [[Adolph Deutsch]], American composer (b. [[1897]]) ** [[Frank Wykoff]], American Olympic athlete (b. [[1909]]) * [[January 2]] – [[Alessandro Bruschetti]], Italian artist (b. [[1910]]) * [[January 3]] – [[Joy Adamson]], Austrian-born conservationist and author (b. [[1910]]) * [[January 7]] – [[Simonne Mathieu]], French tennis champion (b. [[1908]]) * [[January 8]] – [[John Mauchly]], American physicist and inventor (b. [[1907]]) * [[January 10]] ** [[Bo Rein]], American football coach (b. [[1945]]) ** [[George Meany]], American labor leader (b. [[1894]]) * [[January 11]] – [[Barbara Pym]], English novelist (b. [[1913]]) * [[January 13]] – [[Andre Kostelanetz]], Russian conductor and arranger (b. [[1901]]) * [[January 17]] – [[Barbara Britton]], American actress (b. [[1919]]) * [[January 18]] – Sir [[Cecil Beaton]], English photographer (b. [[1904]]) * [[January 19]] – [[William O. Douglas]], American [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice (b. [[1898]]) * [[January 21]] – [[Georges Painvin]], French cryptographer (b. [[1886]]) * [[January 22]] ** [[Walter Pym (actor)|Walter Pym]], Australian actor (b. [[1905]]) ** [[Teresa Noce]], Italian labor leader, activist, and journalist (b. [[1900]]) * [[January 23]] – [[Leonard Strong (actor)|Leonard Strong]], American actor (b. [[1908]]) * [[January 24]] – [[Lil Dagover]], German actress (b. [[1887]]) * [[January 25]] – [[David Newell (actor, born 1905)|David Newell]], American actor (b. [[1905]]) * [[January 27]] ** [[Hans Aeschbacher]], Swiss sculptor (b. [[1906]]) ** [[Peppino De Filippo]], Italian actor (b. [[1903]]) ** [[Eric Wyndham White]], British administrator and economist, first Director-General of the [[GATT]] (b. [[1913]]) * [[January 28]] – [[Franco Evangelisti (composer)|Franco Evangelisti]], Italian composer (b. [[1926]]) * [[January 29]] – [[Jimmy Durante]], American actor, singer and comedian (b. [[1893]]) * [[January 30]] ** [[Maria Bolognesi]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] laywoman, mystic and blessed (b. [[1924]]) ** [[Professor Longhair]], American musician (b. [[1918]]) * [[January 31]] – [[Eduardo Cáceres]], Guatemalan politician (b. [[1906]]) ===February=== [[File:Oskar Kokoschka (1963) by Erling Mandelmann - 3.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Oskar Kokoschka]]]] [[File:Portrait of Yigal Allon.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Yigal Allon]]]] * [[February 1]] – [[Jack Bailey (actor)|Jack Bailey]], American actor (b. [[1907]]) * [[February 2]] ** [[Hanna Rovina]], Russian-born Israeli actress (b. [[1889]]) ** [[William Howard Stein]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1911]]) * [[February 6]] – [[Albert Kotin]], American [[abstract expressionist]] painter (b. [[1907]]) * [[February 7]] – [[Richard Williams (RAAF officer)|Richard Williams]], [[Royal Australian Air Force]] officer (b. [[1890]]) * [[February 8]] ** [[Isadora Bennett]], American publicity agent (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Nikos Xilouris]], Greek pop singer (b. [[1936]]) ** [[Francesco Zucchetti]], French Olympic cyclist (b. [[1902]]) * [[February 9]] – [[Tom Macdonald (writer)|Tom Macdonald]], British journalist and novelist (b. [[1900]]) * [[February 10]] – [[Wels Eicke]], Australian rules football player (b. [[1893]]) * [[February 11]] – [[R. C. Majumdar]], Indian historian (b. [[1884]]) * [[February 12]] – [[Muriel Rukeyser]], American poet (b. [[1913]]) * [[February 13]] – [[David Janssen]], American actor (b. [[1931]]) * [[February 14]] – [[Rudra Baruah|Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah]], [[Assamese people|Assamese]] composer and actor (b. [[1926]]) * [[February 17]] ** [[Jerry Fielding]], American conductor and music director (b. [[1922]]) ** [[Graham Sutherland]], English artist (b. [[1903]]) * [[February 18]] – [[Gale Robbins]], American singer and actress (b. [[1921]]) * [[February 19]] ** [[Robert Morrison (rower)|Robert Morrison]], British Olympic rower (b. [[1902]]) ** [[Bon Scott]], Scottish-born Australian rock singer (b. [[1946]]) * [[February 20]] ** [[Joseph Banks Rhine]], American parapsychologist (b. [[1895]]) ** [[Alice Roosevelt Longworth|Alice Longworth]], U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s daughter, wife of [[Nicholas Longworth]] (b. [[1884]]) * [[February 21]] – [[Aldo Andreotti]], Italian mathematician (b. [[1924]]) * [[February 22]] – [[Oskar Kokoschka]], Austrian painter and poet (b. [[1886]]) * [[February 23]] ** [[Enrico Celio]], Swiss politician, 49th [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] (b. [[1889]]) ** [[Robert Hayden]], American poet (b. [[1913]]) * [[February 24]] ** [[Michael Browne (bishop of Galway)|Michael Browne]], Irish [[Roman Catholic]] prelate (b. [[1895]]) ** [[Clement Martyn Doke]], South African linguist (b. [[1893]]) * [[February 26]] – [[Mario Mattoli]], Italian director and screenwriter (b. [[1898]]) * [[February 27]] ** [[George Tobias]], American actor (b. [[1901]]) ** [[Shin'ichi Hisamatsu]], Japanese philosopher (b. [[1889]]) * [[February 28]] – [[James Goff]], American football and basketball head coach (b. [[1912]]) * [[February 29]] ** [[Gil Elvgren]], American pin-up artist (b. [[1914]]) ** [[Yigal Allon]], [[Prime Minister of Israel]] (b. [[1918]]) ===March=== [[File:Mohammad Hatta 1950.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Mohammad Hatta]]]] [[File:Mural Oscar Romero UES (cropped).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Óscar Romero]]]] [[File:Mr. Ton Duc Thang.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Tôn Đức Thắng]]]] [[File:Jesse Owens 1936.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Jesse Owens]]]] * [[March 1]] ** [[Dixie Dean]], English football player (b. [[1907]]) ** [[Daniil Khrabrovitsky]], Soviet film director (b. [[1923]]) ** [[Wilhelmina Cooper|Wilhelmina]], Dutch-born American high-fashion model and owner of model agency (b. [[1940]]) * [[March 3]] – [[Roger Davis (film actor)|Roger Davis]], American actor (b. [[1884]]) * [[March 5]] – [[Jay Silverheels]], American actor (b. [[1912]]) * [[March 6]] – [[Barbara Brukalska]], Polish architect (b. [[1899]]) * [[March 9]] – [[Nikolay Bogolyubov (actor)|Nikolay Bogolybov]], Russian actor (b. [[1899]]) * [[March 10]] – [[Herman Tarnower]], American medical doctor and diet guru (b. [[1910]]) * [[March 11]] – [[Maud Hart Lovelace]], American author (b. [[1892]]) * [[March 13]] – [[Roland Symonette]], 1st [[Prime Minister of the Bahamas|Premier of the Bahamas]] (b. [[1898]]) * [[March 14]] ** [[Anna Jantar]], Polish singer (b. [[1950]]) ** [[Mohammad Hatta]], Indonesia's first vice president (b. [[1902]]) ** [[Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente]], Spanish naturalist and television presenter (b. [[1928]]) * [[March 17]] – [[Boun Oum]], 4th [[Prime Minister of Laos]] (b. [[1911]]) * [[March 18]] ** [[Jessica Dragonette]], American singer (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Elsa Goveia]], Guyanese-born Jamaican scholar (b. [[1925]]) ** [[Erich Fromm]], German-born psychologist and philosopher (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Louise Lovely]], Australian actress (b. [[1895]]) ** [[Tamara de Lempicka]], Polish-born painter (b. [[1898]]) * [[March 21]] – [[Peter Stoner]], American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. [[1888]]) * [[March 24]] ** [[John Barrie]], Welsh actor (b. [[1917]]) ** [[Pierre Etchebaster]], French real tennis player (b. [[1893]]) ** [[Óscar Romero]], Salvadorian [[Roman Catholic]] archbishop (b. [[1917]]) * [[March 25]] ** [[Roland Barthes]], French literary critic and writer (b. [[1915]]) ** [[Erminio Macario]], Italian actor (b. [[1902]]) ** [[Walter Susskind]], Czech conductor (b. [[1913]]) ** [[James Wright (poet)|James Wright]], American poet (b. [[1927]]) ** [[Milton H. Erickson]], American psychiatrist (b.[[1901]]) * [[March 28]] ** [[Helena Bochořáková-Dittrichová]], Czechoslovak illustrator (b. [[1894]]) ** [[James Hayes (bishop)|James Hayes]], American-born Filipino [[Roman Catholic]], [[Jesuit]] archbishop, missionary and servant of God (b. [[1889]]) ** [[Dick Haymes]], Argentine actor and singer (b. [[1918]]) * [[March 29]] – [[Mantovani]], Italian-born conductor and arranger (b. [[1905]]) * [[March 30]] ** [[David Sharpe (actor)|David Sharpe]], American actor (b. [[1910]]) ** [[Tôn Đức Thắng]], 2nd [[President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] ([[North Vietnam]]) (b. [[1888]]) * [[March 31]] ** [[Vladimír Holan]], Czech poet (b. [[1905]]) ** [[Jesse Owens]], American Olympic athlete (b. [[1913]]) ===April=== [[File:William R. Tolbert, Jr..JPG|thumb|110px|[[William R. Tolbert Jr.]]]] [[File:Sartre 1967 crop.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Jean-Paul Sartre]]]] [[File:Mario Bava 75.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Mario Bava]]]] [[File:Hitchcock, Alfred 02.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Alfred Hitchcock]]]] * [[April 2]] – [[Stanley Forman Reed]], American Supreme Court Justice (b. [[1884]]) * [[April 4]] – [[Red Sovine]], American country and folk singer-songwriter (b. [[1917]]) * [[April 6]] ** [[John Collier (fiction writer)|John Collier]], English writer (b. [[1901]]) ** [[Nils Ericson (actor)|Nils Ericson]], Swedish actor (b. [[1906]]) * [[April 8]] – [[Bill Eastman]], British army officer (b. [[1911]]) * [[April 10]] – [[Kay Medford]], American actress and singer (b. [[1919]]) * [[April 11]] – [[Ümit Kaftancıoğlu]], Turkish writer (b. [[1935]]) * [[April 12]] ** [[Clark McConachy]], New Zealand snooker and billiards player (b. [[1895]]) ** [[William R. Tolbert Jr.]], 20th [[President of Liberia]] (b. [[1913]]) * [[April 13]] – [[Karl Stegger]], Danish actor (b. [[1913]]) * [[April 15]] ** [[Raymond Bailey]], American actor (b. [[1904]]) ** [[Marshall Reed]], American film and television actor (b. [[1917]]) ** [[Jean-Paul Sartre]], French philosopher and writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1905]]) * [[April 18]] – [[Antonio Caponigro]], American gangster (b. [[1912]]) * [[April 19]] ** [[Charles Seel]], American actor (b. [[1897]]) ** [[Tony Beckley]], English character actor (b. [[1927]]) * [[April 20]] ** [[Katherine Kennicott Davis]], American composer (b. [[1892]]) ** [[Helmut Käutner]], German director (b. [[1908]]) * [[April 21]] – [[Sohrab Sepehri]], Persian poet and painter (b. [[1928]]) * [[April 22]] ** [[Jane Froman]], American singer and actress (b. [[1907]]) ** [[Fritz Strassmann]], German chemist (b. [[1902]]) * [[April 24]] – [[Alejo Carpentier]], Cuban writer (b. [[1904]]) * [[April 26]] – [[Cicely Courtneidge]], British actress (b. [[1893]]) * [[April 27]] ** [[Mario Bava]], Italian director (b. [[1914]]) ** [[John Culshaw]], British recording producer and musicologist (b. [[1924]]) * [[April 28]] – [[Thomas G. W. Settle]], American record-setting balloonist and admiral (b. [[1895]]) * [[April 29]] – [[Alfred Hitchcock]], British suspense film director (b. [[1899]]) * [[April 30]] – [[Luis Muñoz Marín]], Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (b. [[1898]]) ===May=== [[File:Josip Broz Tito uniform portrait.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Josip Broz Tito]]]] * [[May 1]] – [[Henry Levin (film director)|Henry Levin]], American film director and actor (b. [[1909]]) * [[May 2]] ** [[George Pal]], Hungarian-born animator and producer (b. [[1904]]) ** [[Clarrie Grimmett]], New Zealand-born cricketer (b. [[1891]]) * [[May 4]] ** [[Kay Hammond]], English actress (b. [[1909]]) ** [[Josip Broz Tito]], Croatian-born Yugoslav communist military and political leader, 19th [[Prime Minister of Yugoslavia]] and 1st [[President of Yugoslavia]] (b. [[1892]]) * [[May 5]] – [[Isabel Briggs Myers]], American psychological theorist and co-creator of the [[Myers-Briggs Type Indicator]] (b. [[1897]]) * [[May 7]] ** [[Isla Cameron]], British actress (b. [[1930]]) ** [[Margaret Cole]], British politician (b. [[1893]]) * [[May 8]] – [[Geoffrey Baker]], English [[field marshal]] (b. [[1912]]) * [[May 9]] ** [[Prince Himalaya of Nepal]] (b. [[1921]]) ** [[Kate Molale]], South African anti-apartheid activist (b. [[1928]]) * [[May 12]] – [[Lillian Roth]], American actress (b. [[1910]]) * [[May 14]] ** [[Carl Ebert]], German theatre and opera director (b. [[1887]]) ** [[Fatmawati]], [[First Lady of Indonesia]] (b. [[1923]]) ** [[Hugh Griffith]], Welsh actor (b. [[1912]]) * [[May 16]] ** [[José Calvo]], Spanish actor (b. [[1916]]) ** [[Marin Preda]], Romanian writer (b. [[1922]]) * [[May 18]] ** [[David A. Johnston]], American volcanologist (b. [[1949]]) (killed by [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|eruption of Mount St. Helens]]) ** [[Ian Curtis]], English musician and singer (b. [[1956]]) ** [[Reid Blackburn]], photojournalist for [[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] (b. [[1952]]; also killed by [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|eruption of Mount St. Helens]]) ** [[Harry R. Truman]], Owner/Operator of Mt. St. Helens Lodge (b. [[1896]]; killed by [[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens|eruption of Mount St. Helens]]) * [[May 20]] – [[Jack Walsh (cricketer)|Jack Walsh]], Australian cricketer (b. [[1912]]) * [[May 21]] – [[Ida Kamińska]], Polish-born Jewish actress, playwright and translator (b. [[1899]]) * [[May 25]] – [[George West (bishop)|George West]], British [[Anglican]] missionary (b. [[1893]]) * [[May 28]] – [[Rolf Nevanlinna]], Finnish mathematician (b. [[1895]]) * [[May 30]] – [[Carl Radle]], American bassist (b. [[1942]]) ===June=== [[File:Masayoshi Ohira 19790120.jpg|thumbnail|110px|right|[[Masayoshi Ōhira]]]] * [[June 1]] – [[Rube Marquard]], American baseball player ([[New York Giants (MLB)|New York Giants]]) and a member of the [[MLB Hall of Fame]] (b. [[1886]]) * [[June 7]] ** [[Richard Bonelli]], American opera baritone (b. [[1889]]) ** [[Henry Miller]], American writer (b. [[1891]]) ** [[Elizabeth Craig (writer)|Elizabeth Craig]], British chef and writer (b. [[1883]]) ** [[Salvator Gotta]], Italian writer (b. [[1887]]) ** [[Philip Guston]], American painter (b. [[1912]]) ** [[Marian Spychalski]], Polish architect and politician, former [[Polish Council of State|head of State]] (b. [[1908]]) * [[June 8]] ** [[Ernst Busch (actor)|Ernst Busch]], German singer and actor (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Alfredo Brilhante da Costa]], Brazilian football player (b. [[1904]]) * [[June 9]] – [[Shyam Kumari Khan]], Indian lawyer (b. [[1904]]) * [[June 12]] ** [[Billy Butlin]], South African-born Canadian founder of [[Butlins|Butlins Holiday Camps]] (b. [[1899]]) ** [[Masayoshi Ōhira]], Japanese politician, 43rd [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (b. [[1910]]) ** [[Milburn Stone]], American actor (b. [[1904]]) * [[June 13]] – [[Walter Rodney]], Guyanese historian and political figure (b. [[1942]]) * [[June 14]] – [[Sante Spessotto]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] priest and saint (b. [[1923]]) * [[June 18]] – [[Terence Fisher]], British director (b. [[1904]]) * [[June 20]] – [[Amy Key Clarke]], English mystical poet (b. [[1892]]) * [[June 21]] – [[Bert Kaempfert]], German orchestra leader and songwriter (b. [[1923]]) * [[June 23]] ** [[Clyfford Still]], American painter (b. [[1904]]) ** [[John Laurie]], Scottish actor (b. [[1897]]) ** [[V. V. Giri]], Indian politician and 4th [[President of India]] (b. [[1894]]) * [[June 24]] – [[Boris Kaufman]], Russian cinematographer (b. [[1897]]) * [[June 26]] – [[List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch|Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch]] [[Ignatius Jacob III]] (b. [[1912]]) * [[June 27]] – [[Carey McWilliams (journalist)|Carey McWilliams]], American author, editor and lawyer (b. [[1905]]) * [[June 28]] – [[José Iturbi]], Spanish conductor and musician (b. [[1895]]) ===July=== [[File:Peter Sellers at home in Belgravia, London, 1973.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Peter Sellers]]]] [[File:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.png|110px|thumb|Shah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]]] * July – [[Robert Brackman]], American painter (b. [[1898]]) * [[July 1]] – [[C. P. Snow]], British physicist and novelist (b. [[1905]]) * [[July 3]] ** [[Deng Hua]], Chinese general (b. [[1910]]) ** [[Abdelhamid Sharaf]], 51st [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] (b. [[1939]]) * [[July 4]] – [[Gregory Bateson]], British anthropologist, [[anthropology|anthropologist]], [[social sciences|social scientist]], [[linguistics|linguist]], [[semiotics|semiotician]] and [[cybernetics|cyberneticist]] (b. [[1904]]) * [[July 6]] – [[Gail Patrick]], American actress (b. [[1911]]) * [[July 7]] ** [[Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia]] (b. [[1901]]) ** [[Reginald Gardiner]], English actor (b. [[1903]]) ** [[Dore Schary]], American film writer, director and producer (b. [[1905]]) ** [[Dan White (actor)|Dan White]], American actor (b. [[1908]]) * [[July 8]] – [[Rudolf Creutz]], Austrian criminal (b. [[1896]]) * [[July 9]] – [[Vinicius de Moraes]], Brazilian writer, poet and diplomat (b. [[1913]]) * [[July 13]] – [[Seretse Khama]], 1st [[President of Botswana]] (b. [[1921]]) * [[July 15]] – [[Ben Selvin]], American orchestra leader and recording artist (b. [[1898]]) * [[July 17]] ** [[Don "Red" Barry|Red Barry]], American actor (b. [[1912]]) ** [[Boris Delaunay]], Russian mathematician (b. [[1890]]) * [[July 19]] – [[Nihat Erim]], Turkish politician and jurist, 30th [[Prime Minister of Turkey]] (b. [[1912]]) * [[July 20]] – [[Lado Gudiashvili]], Soviet painter (b. [[1896]]) * [[July 21]] – [[Salah al-Din al-Bitar]], Syrian politician, 2-time [[Prime Minister of Syria]] (b. [[1912]]) * [[July 22]] – [[Hans-Georg Bürger]], German racing driver (b. [[1952]]) * [[July 23]] – [[Keith Godchaux]], American musician (b. [[1948]]) * [[July 24]] – [[Peter Sellers]], British comedian and actor (b. [[1925]]) * [[July 25]] ** [[Tony Catalano]], American football player (b. [[1895]]) ** [[Vladimir Vysotsky]], Soviet singer-songwriter, poet and actor (b. [[1938]]) * [[July 26]] ** [[Allen Hoskins]], American actor (b. [[1920]]) ** [[Kenneth Tynan]], English theatre critic (b. [[1927]]) * [[July 27]] – [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], [[Pahlavi dynasty|Shah of Iran]] (b. [[1919]]) * [[July 28]] – [[Maria Luisa Monteiro da Cunha]], Brazilian librarian (b. [[1908]]) * [[July 30]] – [[Lucien Dalsace]], French actor (b. [[1893]]) * [[July 31]] ** [[Pascual Jordan]], German physicist (b. [[1902]]) ** [[Bobby Van]], American actor, singer, and dancer (b. [[1928]]) ===August=== [[File:Yahya Khan (cropped version).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Yahya Khan]]]] * [[August 1]] ** [[Patrick Depailler]], French racing driver (b. [[1944]]) ** [[Strother Martin]], American actor (b. [[1919]]) * [[August 2]] – [[Donald Ogden Stewart]], American writer (b. [[1894]]) * [[August 9]] ** [[Harry Bell (Australian footballer)|Harry Bell]], Australian footballer (b. [[1897]]) ** [[Jacqueline Cochran|Jacqueline "Jackie" Cochran]], American pilot (b. [[1906]]) ** [[Elliott Nugent]], American actor (b. [[1896]]) * [[August 10]] ** [[Gareth Evans (philosopher)|Gareth Evans]], British philosopher (b. [[1946]]) ** [[Yahya Khan]], Pakistani general and statesman, 3rd [[President of Pakistan]] (b. [[1917]]) * [[August 14]] – [[Dorothy Stratten]], Canadian actress and model (murdered) (b. [[1960]]) * [[August 15]] – [[William Hood Simpson]], American general (b. [[1888]]) * [[August 18]] – [[Arman (actor)|Arman]], Iranian-born Soviet actor (b. [[1921]]) * [[August 19]] – [[Otto Frank]], German father of Jewish diarist [[Anne Frank]] (b. [[1889]]) * [[August 20]] – [[Joe Dassin]], American-born French singer-songwriter (b. [[1938]]) * [[August 22]] – [[Norman Shelley]], British actor (b. [[1903]]) * [[August 24]] – [[Yootha Joyce]], British actress (b. [[1927]]) * [[August 25]] – [[Gower Champion]], American theatre director, choreographer and dancer (b. [[1919]]) * [[August 26]] – [[Tex Avery]], American cartoonist (b. [[1908]]) ===September=== [[File:Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor.png|110px|thumb|[[Jean Piaget]]]] [[File:John Bonham 1975.jpg|110px|thumb|[[John Bonham]]]] * [[September 3]] ** [[Barbara O'Neil]], American actress (b. [[1909]]) ** [[Dirch Passer]], Danish actor (b. [[1926]]) ** [[Duncan Renaldo]], American actor (b. [[1904]]) * [[September 4]] ** [[Pepe Abad]], Spanish-born Chilean television presenter and radio host (b. [[1932]]) ** [[George Murray Burnett]], British mathematician and chemist (b. [[1921]]) * [[September 8]] – [[Willard Libby]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1908]]) * [[September 9]] – [[Manzoor Ali Khan]], Pakistani classical singer (b. [[1922]]) * [[September 12]] – [[Lillian Randolph]], American actress (b. [[1898]]) * [[September 14]] – [[Domingo Acedo]], Spanish football player (b. [[1898]]) * [[September 15]] – [[Bill Evans]], American jazz pianist (b. [[1929]]) * [[September 16]] ** [[Jean Piaget]], Swiss psychologist (b. [[1896]]) ** [[Julio Franco Arango]], Colombian [[Roman Catholic]] bishop (b. [[1914]]) * [[September 17]] – [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle]], Nicataguan politician, [[President of Nicaragua]] (b. [[1925]]) * [[September 18]] – [[Katherine Anne Porter]], American author (b. [[1890]]) * [[September 19]] – [[Sol Lesser]], American film producer (b. [[1890]]) * [[September 23]] – [[Jacobus Johannes Fouché]], 5th [[President of South Africa]] (b. [[1898]]) * [[September 25]] ** [[John Bonham]], British rock drummer ([[Led Zeppelin]]) (b. [[1948]]) ** [[Lewis Milestone]], American film director (b. [[1895]]) ** [[Marie Under]], Estonian poet (b. [[1883]]) * [[September 30]] ** [[John McGuire (actor)|John McGuire]], American actor (b. [[1929]]) ** [[Peter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein]] (b. [[1922]]) ===October=== [[File:Farrel.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Edelmiro Julián Farrell]]]] * [[October 2]] – [[John Kotelawala]], Sri Lanka soldier and politician, 3rd [[Prime Minister of Ceylon]] (b. [[1895]]) * [[October 6]] – [[Hattie Jacques]], British actress (b. [[1922]]) * [[October 7]] – [[Sydney Gordon Russell]], English designer and craftsman (b. [[1892]]) * [[October 10]] – [[Billie Thomas]], American actor (b. [[1931]]) * [[October 12]] – [[Alberto Demicheli]], Uruguayan political figure, [[President of Uruguay]] ("[[de facto]]") (b. [[1896]]) * [[October 15]] – [[Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark]] (b. [[1908]]) * [[October 18]] – [[Hans Ehard]], German lawyer and politician (b. [[1887]]) * [[October 21]] ** [[Hans Asperger]], Austrian pediatrician after whom [[Asperger syndrome]] was named (b. [[1906]]) ** [[Valko Chervenkov]], Bulgarian politician, 34th [[Prime Minister of Bulgaria]] (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Edelmiro Julián Farrell]], Argentine general, 28th [[President of Argentina]] (d. [[1887]]) * [[October 23]] – [[Mariano Suárez]], Ecuadorian politician, 27th [[President of Ecuador]] (b. [[1897]]) * [[October 25]] ** [[Virgil Fox]], American organist (b. [[1912]]) ** [[Víctor Galíndez]], Argentine boxer (race car accident) (b. [[1948]]) ** [[Sahir Ludhianvi]], Urdu/Hindustani poet and Hindi film lyricist (b. [[1921]]) * [[October 26]] – [[Marcelo Caetano]], Portuguese politician and scholar, 101st [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] (b. [[1906]]) * [[October 27]] ** [[Steve Peregrin Took]], British rock musician (b. [[1949]]) ** [[John Hasbrouck Van Vleck]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1899]]) * [[October 29]] – [[Giorgio Borġ Olivier]], Maltese politician and statesman, 7th [[Prime Minister of Malta]] (b. [[1911]]) * [[October 31]] – [[Elizebeth Smith Friedman]], American cryptographer (b. [[1892]]) ===November=== [[File:Steve McQueen.png|110px|thumb|[[Steve McQueen]]]] [[File:Sir John McEwen.jpg|110px|thumb|[[John McEwen]]]] [[File:Sara García in No Basta Ser Madre (1937).jpg|110px|thumb|[[Sara García]]]] [[File:Mae West LAT.jpg|110px|thumb|[[Mae West]]]] * [[November 4]] ** [[Elsie MacGill]], Canadian aeronautical engineer (b. [[1904]]) ** [[Johnny Owen]], Welsh professional boxer (b. [[1956]]) * [[November 7]] – [[Steve McQueen]], American actor (b. [[1930]]) * [[November 9]] ** [[Gloria Guinness]], Mexican-born American fashion icon (b. [[1912]]) ** [[Carmel Myers]], American actress (b. [[1899]]) ** [[Victor Sen Yung]], American actor (b. [[1915]]) * [[November 16]] ** [[Boris Aronson]], Russian set designer (b. [[1898]]) ** [[Imogen Hassall]], English actress (b. [[1942]]) * [[November 18]] – [[Conn Smythe]], Canadian NHL coach (b. [[1895]]) * [[November 19]] – [[E. J. Bowen]], English chemist (b. [[1898]]) * [[November 20]] ** [[Avtandil Gogoberidze]], Soviet football player (b. [[1922]]) ** [[John McEwen]], Australian politician, 18th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (b. [[1900]]) * [[November 21]] – [[Sara García]], Mexican actress (b. [[1895]]) * [[November 22]] ** [[Norah McGuinness]], Northern Irish painter and illustrator (b. [[1901]]) ** [[Mae West]], American actress (b. [[1893]]) * [[November 24]] – [[George Raft]], American actor (b. [[1901]]) * [[November 26]] – [[Rachel Roberts (actress)|Rachel Roberts]], British actress (b. [[1927]]) * [[November 27]] – [[F. Burrall Hoffman]], American architect (b. [[1882]]) * [[November 29]] ** [[Dorothy Day]], American journalist, activist, [[Roman Catholic]] convert and [[Servant of God]] (b. [[1897]]) ** [[Babe London]], American actress and comedian (b. [[1901]]) ===December=== [[File:John Lennon 1969 (cropped).jpg|thumb|110px|[[John Lennon]]]] [[File:Colonel Harland Sanders in character.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Colonel Sanders]]]] [[File:05.11.1966. Kossiguine à Toulouse. (1966) - 53Fi3436 (cropped).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Alexei Kosygin]]]] [[File:Héctor José Cámpora.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Héctor José Cámpora]]]] [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-127-06A, Karl Dönitz - crop.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Karl Dönitz]]]] * [[December 2]] ** [[Jean Donovan]], American [[Roman Catholic]] missionary (b. [[1953]]) ** Murder of the Three American [[Roman Catholic]] fellow missionaries by Salvadorian military: *** [[Maura Clarke]] (b. [[1931]]) *** [[Ita Ford]] (b. [[1940]]) *** [[Dorothy Kazel]] (b. [[1939]]) ** [[Romain Gary]], Lithuanian-born writer (b. [[1914]]) * [[December 3]] – Sir [[Oswald Mosley]], British fascist leader (b. [[1896]]) * [[December 4]] ** [[Francisco de Sá Carneiro]], Portuguese lawyer, 109th [[Prime Minister of Portugal]] (b. [[1934]]) ** [[Stanisława Walasiewicz]], Polish-born runner (b. [[1911]]) * [[December 7]] – [[Darby Crash]], American rock songwriter, singer (b. [[1958]]) * [[December 8]] – [[John Lennon]], British singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. [[1940]]) * [[December 9]] – Patriarch [[Benedict I of Jerusalem]] (b. [[1892]]) * [[December 11]] – [[Dorothy West (actress)|Dorothy West]], American actress (b. [[1891]]) * [[December 12]] ** [[Bruno Bartolozzi]], Italian composer (b. [[1911]]) ** [[Erich Jantsch]], Austrian astrophysicist (b. [[1929]]) ** [[Severino Montano]], Filipino actor, director and playwright (b. [[1915]]) * [[December 14]] – [[Elston Howard]], American baseball player (b. [[1929]]) * [[December 16]] ** [[Colonel Sanders]], American fast-food entrepreneur (b. [[1890]]) ** [[Hellmuth Walter]], German engineer and inventor (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Peter Collinson (film director)|Peter Collinson]], British film director (b. [[1936]]) * [[December 17]] – [[Chiang Kuei]], Chinese novelist (b. [[1908]]) * [[December 18]] ** [[Frances Fuller]], American actress (b. [[1907]]) ** [[Alexei Kosygin]], Soviet politician, [[Premier of the Soviet Union]] (b. [[1904]]) ** Sir [[Albert Margai]], 2nd [[Prime Minister of Sierra Leone]] (b. [[1910]]) * [[December 19]] – [[Héctor José Cámpora]], Argentine Peronist politician, 38th [[President of Argentina]] (b. [[1909]]) * [[December 21]] – [[Marc Connelly]], American playwright (b. [[1890]]) * [[December 23]] – [[Frank Norman]], English novelist, playwright and autobiographer (b. [[1930]]) * [[December 24]] ** [[Karl Dönitz]], German admiral and 4th [[President of Germany]] (b. [[1891]]) ** [[Heikki Liimatainen (athlete)|Heikki Liimatainen]], Finnish Olympic athlete (b. [[1894]]) ** [[Siggie Nordstrom]], American model, actress, entertainer, socialite and lead singer (b. [[1893]]) * [[December 25]] – [[Victoria Drummond]], first woman marine engineer in Britain (b. [[1894]]) * [[December 28]] ** [[Alfredo Barrera Vásquez]], Mexican anthropologist (b. [[1900]]) ** [[Sam Levene]], American actor (b. [[1905]]) * [[December 29]] – [[Tim Hardin]], American musician (b. [[1941]]) * [[December 30]] – [[Giuseppe Carraro]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] bishop and venerable (b. [[1899]]) * [[December 31]] ** [[Marshall McLuhan]], Canadian author and professor (b. [[1911]]) ** [[Raoul Walsh]], American film director (b. [[1887]]) ===Date Unknown=== * [[Nureddine Rifai]], 25th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. [[1899]]) == Movies released == * ''[[Airplane!]] * ''[[The Blue Lagoon (1980 movie)|The Blue Lagoon]]'' * ''[[The Blues Brothers]]'' * ''[[The Gods Must Be Crazy]]'' * ''[[The Island (1980 movie)|The Island]]'' * ''[[Popeye (movie)|Popeye]]'' * ''[[Stir Crazy (movie)|Stir Crazy]]'' * ''[[Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back]]'' * ''[[Used Cars]]'' * ''[[9 to 5]]'' == TV Series == * ''[[Gumby Adventures]]'' – The first Gumby in 1980's. Gumby episode is "[[The Music Ball]]", "[[Shrink-a-Dink]]" and "[[Hatching Out]]" in [[November 1]], '''1980''' first aired. == Hit Songs == * "A Forest" – [[The Cure]] * "All Out of Love" – [[Air Supply]] * "Any Way You Want It" – [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * "Another One Bites The Dust"-[[Queen (band)|Queen]] * "Ashes To Ashes" – [[David Bowie]] * "Babe" – [[Styx (band)|Styx]] * "Back Together Again" – [[Roberta Flack]] and [[Donny Hathaway]] * "Borrowed Time" – [[Styx (band)|Styx]] * "Breaking the Law" – [[Judas Priest]] * "Cheap Wine" – Cold Chisel * "Fool in the Rain" – [[Led Zeppelin]] * "Freewill" – [[Rush (band)|Rush]] * "Good Morning Girl" – [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * "Hungry Heart" – [[Bruce Springsteen]] * "I Can't Tell You Why" – [[The Eagles]] * "I Hope I Never – Split Enz * "Living After Midnight" – [[Judas Priest]] * "London Calling" – [[The Clash]] * "Love The World Away" – [[Kenny Rogers]] * "Metal Gods" – [[Judas Priest]] * "On And On And On" – [[ABBA]] * "People – Mi-Sex * "Remember (Walking in the Sand)" – [[Aerosmith]] * "Sexy Eyes" – [[Dr. Hook]] * "Stay Awhile" – [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * "Suddenly" – [[Olivia Newton-John]] and [[Cliff Richard]] * "Super Trouper" – [[ABBA]] * "The Winner Takes It All" – [[ABBA]] * "Too Late" – [[Journey (band)|Journey]] * "Train in Vain" – [[The Clash]] * "Tulsa Time" – [[Eric Clapton]] * "Turn It On Again" – [[Genesis (band)|Genesis]] * "Why Me" – [[Styx (band)|Styx]] * "You May Be Right" – [[Billy Joel]] * ''(Just Like) Starting Over'' – [[John Lennon]] * ''Another Brick In The Wall, Part II'' – [[Pink Floyd]] * ''Another One Bites The Dust''- [[Queen]] * ''Call Me'' – [[Blondie]] * ''Coming Up'' – [[Paul McCartney]] & Wings * ''Crazy Little Thing Called Love'' – [[Queen]] * ''It's Still Rock And Roll To Me'' – [[Billy Joel]] * ''Lady'' – [[Kenny Rogers]] * ''Magic'' -[[Olivia Newton-John]] * ''Rock With You'' – [[Michael Jackson]] * ''Upside Down'' – [[Diana Ross]] * ''Woman In Love'' – [[Barbra Streisand]] {{Commons category|1980}} [[Category:1980| ]] 5aoybfjti3j2wzi2uagnjfqbjusjn33 0 11275 10882866 10882110 2026-06-10T02:55:08Z LightProof1995 1202340 /* Other uses of horses */ typo 10882866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{More sources|date=October 2024}} {{Subspeciesbox | name = Horse | status = DOM | image = Nokota Horses cropped.jpg | image_caption = <!-- Caption intentionally left blank per consensus to avoid promoting one breed. --> | image_alt = Two Nokota horses standing in open grassland with rolling hills and trees visible in the background. | genus = Equus | species = ferus | species_link = Wild horse | subspecies = caballus | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]<ref name="Linn1758">{{cite book | last = Linnaeus| first = Carolus | author-link = Carl Linnaeus | title = Systema naturae per regna tria naturae :secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | publisher = Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii) | year = 1758 | page = 73 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726976 | access-date = 2008-09-08 | volume = 1 | edition = 10th}}</ref> | synonyms = at least 48 words | synonyms_ref =<ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Perissodactyla | id = 14100016 | pages = 630–631}}</ref> }} [[File:Wiehern.ogg|thumb|Horses niegh]] [[File:Six Horses Galloping By.ogg|thumb|Horses galloping]] [[File:Yoruba Hero regalia.jpg|thumb|200px|Horse riding]] '''Horses''' are a group of [[animal]]s of the [[Family (biology)|family]] ''[[Equidae]]''. They are [[herbivore]]s, which means they eat [[grass]] and other plants, especially [[alfalfa]]. Some plants are dangerous for them, like ragwort, lemongrass (oil grass) and sometimes [[acorn]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plants Poisonous To Horses {{!}} The British Horse Society|url=https://www.bhs.org.uk/horse-care-and-welfare/health-care-management/pasture-management/poisonous-plants/|access-date=2024-11-16|website=www.bhs.org.uk|language=en}}</ref> The standard horse is the species '''''Equus caballus'''''. It was domesticated from [[Przewalski's Horse|wild horses]] by humans at least 5000 years ago. They are large, strong animals and some [[Breed|breeds]] are used to pull heavy loads. A [[male]] horse is a ''[[stallion]]'', and a [[female]] horse is a ''mare'', while the general term for a young horse is a ''[[foal]]''. A young female horse is a ''filly'', and a young male horse is a ''[[colt (horse)|colt]]''. A [[Castration|castrated]] horse is a ''gelding''. A small adult horse is called a ''pony''. Horses are related to the [[rhino]] and [[tapir]] in the order [[Perissodactyla]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-11-20|title=What Horses and Rhinos Have in Common: An Ancestor in India|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/weird-science/what-horses-rhinos-have-common-ancestor-india-n253026|access-date=2024-11-16|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> {{lang|la|Equus}} is the old [[Latin]] word for horse. == Early horses == [[File:Gotlandsruss-slottsskogen-goteborg.jpg|thumb|200px|A group of horses]] The [[evolution]] of horses has been well studied. Fifty million years ago, there were no horses as we know them now. Of the earliest fossil horse, the North American one is called ''[[Eohippus]]'', and the Eurasian one is called ''[[Hyracotherium]]''. Both were small animals: ''Eohippus'' was the larger of the two at twice the size of a [[terrier]] dog. Many changes occurred between those little animals and today's horses. These changes are best explained as [[adaptations]]. To its changing [[ecological niche]], from a small [[forest]]-dweller eating nuts and fruit to a more significant forest [[browser]] eating leaves and small branches. Finally, the modern horse is a [[grazer]] on open [[grassland]], with different teeth, legs for running, and a much larger size. Significant changes happened in the mid-[[Miocene]] when the climate cooled and grassland replaced forests. This change continued, and several groups of mammals changed from browsers to grazers. == Horse characteristics == Adult horses stand 14-17 "hands" tall, which equates to ~52-72 inches in height.<ref>https://www.horseillustrated.com/horse-breeds-horse-height-explained/?srsltid=AfmBOorr6RZU1Xapw7YyJQ25IgfOZodFUzlYc-Tf3xBM98ysSzg38-sv</ref> They have long hair along the neck, called a [[Mane (horse)|mane]], as well as a long tail of similar hair. Horses are fast, running over 30 mph,<ref>https://www.petmd.com/horse/general-health/how-fast-can-horse-run</ref> and majestic, with four different ways they can move: ''walking'', ''trotting'', ''cantering'', and ''galloping''. Horses have ''[[Hoof|hooves]]'' which sometimes have protection called [[horseshoe]]s from hard or rough ground. Domestic horses typically live between 25 and 30 years, although some may live longer. == Horses and humans == [[File:Farmer plowing.jpg|thumb|200px|Horses pulling a plough]] Humans have used horses in many different ways for [[travel]], work, food, pleasure and show. Horses were used in war as [[cavalry]] until the mid-20th century. They are still used today for riding and transport, but much less since cars were invented. They are also used for carrying things, pulling carts, or helping plough farmers' fields in [[agriculture]]. People have used [[selective breeding]] to make more giant horses do heavy work. Some people keep horses as [[Pet|pets]]. Today, horses are mainly used for [[entertainment]] and [[Sport|sports]]. Horses are used in [[equestrianism]], and equine sports such as cross-country, show jumping, and other events. [[Show jumping]], cross-country, and [[dressage]] are Olympic sports. == Other uses of horses == Horses are often seen as friendly companions (see above section). Horses have been used as therapy animals for people with mental health issues and physical problems.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Equine Assisted Therapy|url=https://anxietytreatmentexperts.com/equine-assisted-therapy/|access-date=2024-11-16|website=The Anxiety Treatment Center|language=en|archive-date=2023-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007035349/https://anxietytreatmentexperts.com/equine-assisted-therapy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Horsehide is a rugged leather made from the skin of horses. Horsehair is used to create a stiff fabric. Horsehair can also be used as a stuffing for furniture and stringed musical instruments. Horsehair can be mixed with plaster to make it strong. People can use horse bones to make [[gelatin]] for food. People can also use the hooves to make [[animal glue]]. Animal glue is still preferred by some woodworkers. Horses are used all over the world to carry people and pull carts. Big cities use them to help [[police]] watch and protect people in crowds. == Mare == {{main|Mare}} A '''mare''' is a female horse. Other female equines are also sometimes called mares. Before the mare's third birthday, the mare is called a filly.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Skoglund|first=Nadja|date=2023-06-04|title=What is a Filly Horse?|url=https://www.strathornfarm.co.uk/characteristics/what-is-a-filly-horse/|access-date=2024-11-16|website=Strathorn Farm Stables|language=en-US}}</ref> A mare for breeding is called a broodmare. When a mare wants to mate, the mare is called ''in heat''. This part of the [[Estrous cycle|oestrous cycle]] lasts about three weeks. Mares are more prone to being temperamental. Some people would call this being "mare-ish". The leader of a pack of horses (called a herd) is usually a mare. == Horse colors == [[File:Три коні.jpg|thumb|200px|A black horse, a grey horse, and a chesnut horse.]] Horse colors have specific names. * Chesnut: Chesnut horses have a reddish-brown coat, with a light mane and tail.<ref name="FISE">{{cite web |url=https://www.fise.it/liguria/it/home/documenti/regionali/patenti/486-appunti-i-grado-2023-new-version/file.html |title=APPUNTI per l’esame del I Grado |format=PDF |website=[[Federazione Italiana Sport Equestri]] |language=it |year=2023 |pages=2–3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106105131/https://www.fise.it/liguria/it/home/documenti/regionali/patenti/486-appunti-i-grado-2023-new-version/file.html |archive-date=2024-11-06 |url-status=live |access-date=2024-11-06}}</ref> * Black: Black horses are fully black.<ref name="FISE" /> For example, [[Friesian horse]]s are always black. * Cream: A specific gene gives horses a pale yellow, or [[cream]] color. * [[Bay (horse)|Bay]]: Bay horses are brown with black [[Point coloration|points]] (legs, mane and tail).<ref name="FISE" /> Very dark bay horses might look black, but the hair around their eyes is lighter than true black horses' hair. * Sorrel: Sorrel horses are brown with yellow points. * Grey or gray: Grey horses look white, but they are called "grey" because their skin is black. They have white hair mixed with few dark hairs.<ref name="FISE" /> Most grey horses are born dark, but they get white hair as they age. * White: True white horses have pink skin. They are born white. Many are white because of "White Dominant" [[gene]]s. Some die very young because of a "Lethal white" gene. * [[Pinto horse|Pinto]]: Pinto horses are spotted. There are many more coat colors. == Horse breeds == {{Category see also|Horse breeds}} These are some well-known horse [[breed]]s among the hundreds that exist: {{columns-list| * American Cream Draft * Andalusian * [[Arabian horse]] * Clydesdale * Dales Pony * [[Destrier]] * Dutch Draft * [[Exmoor pony]] * Fjord Horse * [[Friesian]] * Hanoverian * [[Holstein]] * Irish Sport Horse * Jutland horse * Mongolian Horse * Morgan horse * Mustang * Noriker * Paint Horse * Peruvian Paso * Quarter Horse * Saddlebred * Shetland Pony * Spanish Mustang * [[Thoroughbred]] * Welsh Mountain Pony * Welsh Pony * [[Western horse]] }} == Related pages == * [[Equestrianism]] – sports with horses ** [[Horse racing]] * [[Pony]] – for little horses * [[Przewalski's horse]] * [[Donkey]] * [[Mule]] * [[Zebra]] ** [[Quagga]] – an [[extinct]] [[subspecies]] of the zebra == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Horses| ]] [[Category:Animals used for transport]] [[Category:National symbols of San Marino]] [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] r14dpwy246m8xw69uu00c4usoawgcn1 0 11543 10882610 10861535 2026-06-09T20:19:46Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]. Many people associate it with homosexual activity. This is only partly true though as there are many heterosexual couples who also engage in anal sex. Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities ]]. Some counties have lawd that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> s73f7925ksgsbcu4z2qa5wkc8hoq1ma 10882614 10882610 2026-06-09T20:23:18Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]. Many people associate it with homosexual activity. This is only partly true though as there are many heterosexual couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Carroll"/><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities ]]. Some counties have lawd that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> pfcl28hirj1p0q0iwfvr3fdq587zf33 10882615 10882614 2026-06-09T20:24:38Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]. Many people associate it with homosexual activity. This is only partly true though as there are many heterosexual couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities ]]. Some counties have lawd that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> 6el0baprong8fhvyuz2s6qlcdz2text 10882616 10882615 2026-06-09T20:25:31Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882616 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]. Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities ]]. Some counties have lawd that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> b1bc4roiaxad880ge71rd2d767q7gi9 10882618 10882616 2026-06-09T20:27:03Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]. Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> ddfvq6cstbex9lucqgq312aykwbeu4q 10882619 10882618 2026-06-09T20:27:44Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> kkf2ox2astw9zmbl6uhu8rj14j906l8 10882620 10882619 2026-06-09T20:31:05Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882620 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s.Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity,<ref name="Krasner"/><ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> and therefore health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> do406m03pifr0y0kki6k18n266ljf61 10882621 10882620 2026-06-09T20:31:39Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882621 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity,<ref name="Krasner"/><ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> and therefore health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially trie for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> 06iob3did062ifqzex2zevr2iik79qn 10882622 10882621 2026-06-09T20:33:24Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity,<ref name="Krasner"/><ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> and therefore health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially true for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> hleavpmp0et5huif3s25pdx1e1q06r5 10882624 10882622 2026-06-09T20:36:45Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity,<ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> and therefore health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially true for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> m6pfqjx9xmgac1oz28ue0u5sube0py2 10882626 10882624 2026-06-09T20:38:46Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882626 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity.<ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> Health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate it with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially true for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> ra9c42e3e73mqxngi23efa7zpf0g0k1 10882648 10882626 2026-06-09T21:07:50Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882648 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity.<ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> Health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate anal sex with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true though as there are many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially true for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> 5rf5jv1ifcsh61waa1h9apy999k2cmx 10882652 10882648 2026-06-09T21:09:59Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity.<ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> Health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate anal sex with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true: Not all gay people practice anal sex. There are also many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially true for countries where religion still has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> msw081a9heemnlpe680y8re1vsl8qi7 10882654 10882652 2026-06-09T21:10:54Z Eptalon 2133 /* */ 10882654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wiki-analsex.png|thumb|230px|Illustration of anal sex.]] [[File:Wiki-anal missionary.png|thumb|Illustration of gay men having anal sex]] '''Anal sex''' is a [[sexual intercourse|sex act]] performed on the [[anus]]. Anal sex can involve a [[Human penis|penis]] inserted in the anus, [[anilingus|oral stimulation]], of the anus, using [[fingers]] for penetration and using different objects for stimulation.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's anal sex? What are the risks of it? |url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/whats-anal-sex-what-are-the-risks-of-it |website=Planned Parenthood |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> As with other sexual activities anal sex can help the spread of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Anal sex without protection of a [[condom]] is considered the riskiest form of sexual activity.<ref name="Hales">{{Cite book |author=Hales |first=Dianne |url=https://archive.org/details/invitationtoheal00hale |title=An Invitation to Health Brief 2010-2011 |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0495391920 |pages=269–271 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Werner">{{cite book |author=Hoeger |first1=Werner W. K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |title=Lifetime Fitness and Wellness: A Personalized Program |last2=Hoeger |first2=Sharon A. |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1133008583 |page=455 |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406131243/https://books.google.com/books?id=0aw8AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 |archive-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> Health authorities such as the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recommend [[safe sex]] practices for anal sex.<ref name="Who">World Health Organization, Department of Reproductive Health and Research [http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323122753/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf |date=March 23, 2014 }}, 2007, {{ISBN|978-92-4-156347-5}}</ref> Many people associate anal sex with [[homosexual]] activity. This is only partly true: Not all gay people practice anal sex. There are also many [[heterosexual]] couples who also engage in anal sex.<ref name="journal2011">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenberger |first1=Joshua G. |last2=Reece |first2=Michael |last3=Schick |first3=Vanessa |last4=Herbenick |first4=Debby |last5=Novak |first5=David S. |last6=van der Poi |first6=Barbara |last7=Fortenberry |first7=J. Dennis |author4-link=Debby Herbenick |title=Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States |journal=[[The Journal of Sexual Medicine]] |date=24 August 2011 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=3040–3050 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02438.x |pmid=21883941 }}</ref><ref name="Not all">{{cite web|title=Not all gay men have anal sex|publisher=Go Ask Alice!|date=June 13, 2008|access-date=April 19, 2021|url=https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex|archive-date=April 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421052659/https://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/not-all-gay-men-have-anal-sex/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Wellings">{{cite book|author=Kaye Wellings|author2=Kirstin Mitchell|author3=Martine Collumbien|title=Sexual Health: A Public Health Perspective|isbn=978-0335244812|publisher=[[McGraw-Hill Education|McGraw-Hill International]]|year=2012|page=91|access-date=August 29, 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|archive-date=March 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326183233/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZKveuj7dLd4C&pg=PA91|url-status=live}}</ref> Many people have strong views about anal sex. This is especially true for [[religion|religious communities]]. Some counties have laws that punish anal sex. This especially true for countries where religion has an important role in society. == Overview == The anus is a part of the body that is tight and cannot lubricate itself. Because of this, a person should be careful not to damage the walls of this organ if inserting something. [[Lubrication]] is often used which can be oil or water-based and is sold commercially.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Considerations |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#considerations |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> For a man, pleasure can come from the stimulation of the [[prostate]] that is found near the anus. For women, it can come from indirect stimulation of the [[Clitoris|clitoral legs]]/[[G-Spot]] or the [[cervix]]. Both men and women can get pleasure from anal sex because the [[anus]] has many [[nerve]] endings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anal Sex Safety: Everything You Need to Know#Orgasm |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/healthy-sex/anal-sex-safety#orgasm |website=Healthline |accessdate=30 May 2023}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sexual acts]] <!-- interwiki --> qgjw2vwpkz2079yb6zfs6bvg6co40al 0 12427 10882777 10880234 2026-06-10T00:37:55Z LaurenIpsumDolores 1797172 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|1|0 */ 10882777 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''mathematical constant''' is a [[number]], which has a special meaning for [[wikt:calculate|calculation]]s. For example, the [[constant]] &pi; (pronounced "pie") means the ratio of a circle's [[circumference]] to its [[diameter]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-01|title=Compendium of Mathematical Symbols|url=https://mathvault.ca/hub/higher-math/math-symbols/|access-date=2020-08-26|website=Math Vault|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Constant {{!}} mathematics and logic|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/constant|access-date=2020-08-26|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> This value is always the same for any circle. A mathematical constant is often a real, non-integral number of interest.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|title=Constant|url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Constant.html|access-date=2020-08-26|website=mathworld.wolfram.com|language=en}}</ref> In contrast to [[Physical constant|physical constants]], mathematical constants do not come from physical measurements.{{cn|date=November 2024}} == Key mathematical constants == The following table contains some important mathematical constants: {| border="1" ! Name ! Symbol ! Value ! Meaning |----- |[[Pi (mathematical constant)|Pi]], Archimedes' constant or Ludoph's number || <math>\pi</math>|| ≈3.141592653589793 | A transcendental number that is the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It is also the area of the [[unit circle]]. |----- |[[E (mathematical constant)|e]], Napier's constant or Euler's (pronounced "oilers") number || <math>e</math>|| ≈2.718281828459045 || A transcendental number that is the base of natural logarithms. |----- |Phi, [[golden ratio]]|| <math>\varphi</math>|| ≈1.618033988749894 || It is the value of a larger value divided by a smaller value if this is equal to the value of the sum of the values divided by the larger value. |----- |Square root of 2, Pythagoras' constant || <math>\sqrt{2}</math>|| ≈1.414213562373095 || An irrational number that is the length of the diagonal of a square with sides of length 1. This number can not be written as a fraction. |----- |} == Constants and series == The following table contains a list of constants and series in [[mathematics]], with the following columns: *'''[[Value]]''': Numerical value of the constant. *'''[[LaTeX]]''': Formula or series in TeX format. *'''[[Formula]]''': For use in programs such as Mathematica or Wolfram Alpha. *'''OEIS''': Link to On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), where the constants are available with more details. *'''Continued fraction''': In the simple form [to integer; frac1, frac2, frac3, ...] (in brackets if periodic) *'''Type''': ** R - [[Rational number]] ** I - [[Irrational number]] ** T - [[Transcendental number]] ** C - [[Complex number]] ''Note that the list can be ordered correspondingly by clicking on the header title at the top of the table.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Value || Name || <small>Symbol</small> || LaTeX || Formula || <small>Type</small> || OEIS || Continued fraction |- |<small> 3.24697960371746706105000976800847962 </small> ||Silver, Tutte–Beraha constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \varsigma </math> ||<math> 2+2 \cos(2\pi/7)= \textstyle 2+\frac{2+\sqrt[3]{7 + 7 \sqrt[3]{7 + 7 \sqrt[3]{\, 7 + \cdots}}}}{1+\sqrt[3]{7 + 7 \sqrt[3]{7 + 7 \sqrt[3]{\, 7 + \cdots}}}}</math> ||2+2 cos(2Pi/7) <!---2+(2+(7+7(7+7(7+7(7+7(7)^1/3)^1/3)^1/3)^1/3)^1/3)/(1+(7+7(7+7(7+7(7+7(7)^1/3)^1/3)^1/3)^1/3)^1/3)---> |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A116425 A116425] ||[3;4,20,2,3,1,6,10,5,2,2,1,2,2,1,18,1,1,3,2,...] |- |<small> 1.09864196439415648573466891734359621 </small> ||Paris constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> C_{Pa} </math> ||<math> \prod_{n=2}^\infty \frac{2 \varphi}{\varphi+ \varphi_n}\; , \varphi= {Fi}</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A105415 A105415] ||[1;10,7,3,1,3,1,5,1,4,2,7,1,2,3,22,1,2,5,2,1,...] |- |<small> 2.74723827493230433305746518613420282 </small> ||Ramanujan nested radical R₅ |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> R_{5} </math> ||<math>\scriptstyle \sqrt{5+\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5+\sqrt{5-\cdots}}}}}}}\;=\textstyle\frac{2+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{15-6\sqrt{5}}}{2}</math> ||(2+sqrt(5)+sqrt(15-6 sqrt(5)))/2 |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' || ||[2;1,2,1,21,1,7,2,1,1,2,1,2,1,17,4,4,1,1,4,2,...] |- |<small> 2.23606797749978969640917366873127624 </small> ||[[Square root]] of 5, [[Gauss]] sum |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \sqrt{5} </math> ||<math> \scriptstyle \displaystyle \sum_{k=0}^{4} e^{\frac{2 k^2 \pi i}{5}} = 1 + e^\frac{2 \pi i} {5} + e^\frac{8 \pi i} {5} + e^\frac{18 \pi i} {5} + e^\frac{32 \pi i} {5}</math> ||Sum[k=0 to 4]{e^(2k^2 pi i/5)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002163 A002163] ||[2;4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,...] <br> = [2;(4),...] |- |<small> 3.62560990822190831193068515586767200 </small> ||Gamma(1/4) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\Gamma(\tfrac14)</math> ||<math> 4 \left(\frac{1}{4}\right)! = \left(-\frac{3}{4}\right)! </math> ||4(1/4)! |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A068466 A068466] ||[3;1,1,1,2,25,4,9,1,1,8,4,1,6,1,1,19,1,1,4,1,...] |- |<small> 0.18785964246206712024851793405427323 </small> || MRB constant, Marvin Ray Burns |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> C_{_{MRB}}</math> ||<math> \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} ({-}1)^n (n^{1/n}{-}1) = - \sqrt[1]{1} + \sqrt[2]{2} - \sqrt[3]{3} + \sqrt[4]{4}\,\dots </math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{(-1)^n (n^(1/n)-1)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A037077 A037077] ||[0;5,3,10,1,1,4,1,1,1,1,9,1,1,12,2,17,2,2,1,...] |- |<small> 0.11494204485329620070104015746959874 </small> ||Kepler–Bouwkamp constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{\rho}</math> ||<math> \prod_{n=3}^\infty \cos\left(\frac\pi n\right) = \cos\left(\frac\pi 3\right) \cos\left(\frac\pi 4\right) \cos\left(\frac\pi 5\right) \dots</math> ||prod[n=3 to ∞]{cos(pi/n)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A085365 A085365] ||[0;8,1,2,2,1,272,2,1,41,6,1,3,1,1,26,4,1,1,...] |- |<small> 1.78107241799019798523650410310717954 </small> ||Exp(gamma) <br> G-Barnes function |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>e^{\gamma} </math> ||<math>\prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac{e^{\frac{1}{n}}}{1+\tfrac1n} = \prod_{n=0}^\infty \left(\prod_{k=0}^n (k+1)^{(-1)^{k+1}{n \choose k}}\right)^{\frac{1}{n+1}} = </math> <math>\textstyle \left ( \frac{2}{1} \right )^{1/2} \left (\frac{2^2}{1 \cdot 3} \right )^{1/3} \left (\frac{2^3 \cdot 4}{1 \cdot 3^3} \right )^{1/4} \left (\frac{2^4 \cdot 4^4}{1 \cdot 3^6 \cdot 5} \right )^{1/5}\dots </math> ||Prod[n=1 to ∞]{e^(1/n)}/{1 + 1/n} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A073004 A073004] ||[1;1,3,1,1,3,5,4,1,1,2,2,1,7,9,1,16,1,1,1,2,...] |- |<small> 1.28242712910062263687534256886979172 </small> ||Glaisher–Kinkelin constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{A}</math> ||<math> e^{\frac{1}{12}-\zeta^{\prime}(-1)} = e^{\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n+1} \sum\limits_{k=0}^{n} \left(-1\right)^k \binom{n}{k} \left(k+1\right)^2 \ln(k+1)}</math> ||e^(1/2-zeta´{-1}) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A074962 A074962] ||[1;3,1,1,5,1,1,1,3,12,4,1,271,1,1,2,7,1,35,...] |- |<small> 7.38905609893065022723042746057500781 </small> ||Schwarzschild conic constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>e^2</math> ||<math> \sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{2^n}{n!} = 1+2+\frac{2^2}{2!}+\frac{2^3}{3!}+\frac{2^4}{4!}+\frac{2^5}{5!}+\dots</math> || Sum[n=0 to ∞]{2^n/n!} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A072334 A072334] ||[7;2,1,1,3,18,5,1,1,6,30,8,1,1,9,42,11,1,...]<br>= [7,2,(1,1,n,4*n+6,n+2)], n = 3, 6, 9, etc. |- |<small> 1.01494160640965362502120255427452028 </small> ||Gieseking constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{G_{Gi}} </math> ||<math>\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4} \left(1- \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{(3n+2)^2}+ \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{(3n+1)^2} \right)= </math> <br> <math>\textstyle \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4} \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}-\frac{1}{8^2}+\frac{1}{10^2} \pm \dots \right)</math>. || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A143298 A143298] ||[1;66,1,12,1,2,1,4,2,1,3,3,1,4,1,56,2,2,11,...] |- |<small> 2.62205755429211981046483958989111941 </small> ||Lemniscata constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{\varpi} </math> ||<math> \pi \, {G} = 4 \sqrt{\tfrac2\pi} \,(\tfrac14 !)^2</math> || 4 sqrt(2/pi) (1/4!)^2 |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A062539 A062539] ||[2;1,1,1,1,1,4,1,2,5,1,1,1,14,9,2,6,2,9,4,1,...] |- |<small> 0.83462684167407318628142973279904680 </small> ||G, [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]] constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{G}</math> || <math> \underset{ Agm:\; Arithmetic-geometric \; mean} {\frac{1}{\mathrm{agm}(1, \sqrt{2})} = \frac{4 \sqrt{2} \,(\tfrac14 !)^2}{\pi ^{3/2}}}</math> ||(4 sqrt(2)(1/4!)^2)/pi^(3/2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A014549 A014549] ||[0;1,5,21,3,4,14,1,1,1,1,1,3,1,15,1,3,7,1,...] |- |<small> 1.01734306198444913971451792979092052 </small> || Zeta(6) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\zeta(6)</math> ||<math>\frac{\pi^6}{945} = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \underset{p_{n}: \, \text{prime}}\frac{1}{{1-p_n}^{-6}} = \frac{1}{1{-}2^{-6}}{\cdot}\frac{1}{1{-}3^{-6}}{\cdot}\frac{1}{1{-}5^{-6}} ...</math> ||<small> Prod[n=1 to ∞] {1/(1-ithprime(n)^-6)}</small> |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A013664 A013664] ||[1;57,1,1,1,15,1,6,3,61,1,5,3,1,6,1,3,3,6,1,...] |- |<small> 0,60792710185402662866327677925836583 </small> <!--- 0.60792710185402662866327677925836583 ---> ||Constante de Hafner-Sarnak-McCurley |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\frac{1}{\zeta(2)}</math> ||<math> \frac{6}{\pi^2} {=} \prod_{n = 0}^\infty \underset{p_{n}: \, \text{prime}}{\left(1- \frac{1}{{p_n}^2}\right)}{=}\textstyle \left(1{-}\frac{1}{2^2}\right)\left(1{-}\frac{1}{3^2}\right)\left(1{-}\frac{1}{5^2}\right)\dots</math> ||<small>Prod{n=1 to ∞} (1-1/ithprime(n)^2)</small> |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A059956 A059956] ||[0;1,1,1,1,4,2,4,7,1,4,2,3,4,10,1,2,1,1,1,...] |- |<small> 1.11072073453959156175397024751517342 </small> ||<small>The ratio of a square and circumscribed or inscribed circles</small> |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\frac{\pi}{2\sqrt 2}</math> ||<math>\sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{\lfloor \frac{n-1}{2}\rfloor}}{2n+1} = \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{9} + \frac{1}{11} - \dots</math> ||<small>sum[n=1 to ∞]{(-1)^(floor((n-1)/2))/(2n-1)}</small> |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A093954 A093954] ||[1;9,31,1,1,17,2,3,3,2,3,1,1,2,2,1,4,9,1,3,...] |- |<small> 2.80777024202851936522150118655777293 </small> ||Fransén–Robinson constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{F}</math> ||<math>\int_{0}^\infty \frac{1}{\Gamma(x)}\, dx. = e + \int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-x}}{\pi^2 + \ln^2 x}\, dx</math> ||N[int[0 to ∞] {1/Gamma(x)}] |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A058655 A058655] ||[2;1,4,4,1,18,5,1,3,4,1,5,3,6,1,1,1,5,1,1,1...] |- |<small> 1.64872127070012814684865078781416357 </small> ||[[Square root]] of e |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sqrt e</math> ||<math>\sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^n n!} = \sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{1}{(2n)!!} = \frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{48}+\cdots</math> ||sum[n=0 to ∞]{1/(2^n n!)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A019774 A019774] ||[1;1,1,1,5,1,1,9,1,1,13,1,1,17,1,1,21,1,1,...] <br> = [1;1,(1,1,4p+1)], p∈ℕ |- |<small> i </small> <!--- i ---> ||i, [[imaginary unit]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{i}</math> ||<math>\sqrt{-1} = \frac{\ln(-1)}{\pi} \qquad\qquad \mathrm{e}^{i\,\pi} = -1</math> ||sqrt(-1) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Complex number|C]]''''' || || |- |<small> 262537412640768743.999999999999250073 </small> ||[[:en:Heegner_number#Almost_integers_and_Ramanujan.27s_constant|Hermite-Ramanujan constant]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{R}</math> ||<math> e^{\pi\sqrt{163}}</math> ||e^(π sqrt(163)) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A060295 A060295] ||<small>[262537412640768743;1,1333462407511,1,8,1,1,5,...]</small> |- |<small> 4.81047738096535165547303566670383313 </small> ||John constant | bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \gamma </math> ||<math>\sqrt[i]{i} = i^{-i} = i^{\frac{1}{i}} = (i^i)^{-1} = e^{\frac{\pi}{2}}</math> ||e^(π/2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A042972 A042972] ||[4;1,4,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,7,1,20,1,3,6,10,3,...] |- |<small> 4.53236014182719380962768294571666681 </small> ||Constante de Van der Pauw |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \alpha </math> ||<math>\frac{\pi}{ln(2)} = \frac{\sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{4(-1)^n}{2n+1}} {\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n}} = \frac{\frac{4}{1} {-} \frac{4}{3} {+} \frac{4}{5} {-} \frac{4}{7} {+} \frac{4}{9} - \dots} {\frac{1}{1}{-}\frac{1}{2}{+}\frac{1}{3}{-}\frac{1}{4}{+}\frac{1}{5}- \dots}</math> ||π/ln(2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A163973 A163973] ||[4;1,1,7,4,2,3,3,1,4,1,1,4,7,2,3,3,12,2,1,...] |- |<small> 0.76159415595576488811945828260479359 </small> ||Hyperbolic tangent (1) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\tanh(1)</math> ||<math>\frac{e-\frac{1}{e}}{e+\frac{1}{e}} = \frac{e^2-1}{e^2+1}</math> ||(e-1/e)/(e+1/e) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A073744 A073744] ||[0;1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,...] <br> = [0;(2p+1)], p∈ℕ |- |<small> 0.69777465796400798200679059255175260 </small> ||Continued Fraction constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{C}_{CF}</math> ||<math> \underset{\text{Function}\text{ }J_k(x)}\underset{\text{Bessel}}\frac{J_1(2)}{J_0(2)} = \frac{ \sum\limits_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{n}{n!n!}} {{ \sum\limits_{n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n!n!}}} = \frac{\frac{0}{1}+\frac{1}{1}+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{36}+\frac{4}{576}+ \dots} {\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{36}+\frac{1}{576}+ \dots}</math> ||(sum {n=0 to inf} n/(n!n!)) /(sum {n=0 to inf} 1/(n!n!)) || ||[http://oeis.org/A052119 A052119] ||[0;1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,...] <br> = [0;(p+1)], p∈ℕ |- |<small> 0.36787944117144232159552377016146086 </small> ||Inverse Napier constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\frac{1}{e}</math> ||<math>\sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n!} = \frac{1}{0!} - \frac{1}{1!} + \frac{1}{2!} - \frac{1}{3!} + \frac{1}{4!} - \frac{1}{5!} + \dots</math> <!--- 2*(1/3! +2/5! +3/7!+... ---> ||sum[n=2 to ∞]{(-1)^n/n!} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A068985 A068985] ||[0;2,1,1,2,1,1,4,1,1,6,1,1,8,1,1,10,1,1,12,...] <br> = [0;2,1,(1,2p,1)], p∈ℕ |- |<small> 2.71828182845904523536028747135266250 </small> ||Napier constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>e</math> ||<math>\sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!} = \frac{1}{0!} + \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2!} + \frac{1}{3!} + \frac{1}{4!} + \frac{1}{5!} + \cdots</math> ||Sum[n=0 to ∞]{1/n!} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A001113 A001113] ||[2;1,2,1,1,4,1,1,6,1,1,8,1,1,10,1,1,12,1,...] <br> = [2;(1,2p,1)], p∈ℕ |- |<small> 0.49801566811835604271369111746219809 </small> <br> <small> - 0.15494982830181068512495513048388 ''i''</small> ||[[Factorial]] of ''i'' |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>i\,!</math> ||<math> \Gamma (1+i) = i \, \Gamma (i) </math> ||Gamma(1+i) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Complex number|C]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A212877 A212877] <br> [http://oeis.org/A212878 A212878] ||[0;6,2,4,1,8,1,46,2,2,3,5,1,10,7,5,1,7,2,...] <br> - [0;2,125,2,18,1,2,1,1,19,1,1,1,2,3,34,...] ''i'' |- |<small> 0.43828293672703211162697516355126482 </small> <br> <small>+ 0.36059247187138548595294052690600 ''i'' </small> || Infinite <br> <small> Tetration of ''i''</small> |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> {}^\infty i </math> ||<math> \lim_{n \to \infty} {}^n i = \lim_{n \to \infty} \underbrace{i^{i^{\cdot^{\cdot^{i}}}}}_n </math> ||i^i^i^... |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Complex number|C]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A077589 A077589] <br> [http://oeis.org/A077590 A077590] ||[0;2,3,1,1,4,2,2,1,10,2,1,3,1,8,2,1,2,1, ...] <br> + [0;2,1,3,2,2,3,1,5,5,1,2,1,10,10,6,1,1...] ''i'' |- |<small> 0.56755516330695782538461314419245334 </small> || Module of <br> Infinite <br><small> Tetration of </small> ''i'' |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>|{}^\infty i | </math> ||<math> \lim_{n \to \infty} \left | {}^n i \right | =\left | \lim_{n \to \infty} \underbrace{i^{i^{\cdot^{\cdot^{i}}}}}_n \right |</math> || Mod(i^i^i^...) || ||[http://oeis.org/A212479 A212479] ||[0;1,1,3,4,1,58,12,1,51,1,4,12,1,1,2,2,3,...] |- |<small> 0.26149721284764278375542683860869585 </small> ||Meissel-Mertens constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>M</math> ||<math>\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty } \left( \sum_{p \leq n} \frac{1}{p} - \ln(\ln(n)) \right)</math> ..... p: primes || ||||[http://oeis.org/A077761 A077761] ||[0;3,1,4,1,2,5,2,1,1,1,1,13,4,2,4,2,1,33,...] |- |<small> 1.9287800... </small> ||Wright constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\omega</math> ||<math>\left \lfloor 2^{2^{2^{\cdot^{\cdot^{2^{\omega}}}}}} \right \rfloor</math> = primos: <math>\quad</math> <math>\left\lfloor 2^\omega\right\rfloor</math> =3, <math>\left\lfloor 2^{2^\omega} \right\rfloor</math> =13, <math>\left\lfloor 2^{2^{2^\omega}} \right\rfloor</math> =16381, <math>\dots</math> || || ||[http://oeis.org/A086238 A086238] ||[1; 1, 13, 24, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3] |- |<small> 0.37395581361920228805472805434641641 </small> || Artin constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>C_{Artin}</math> ||<math>\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(1-\frac{1}{p_n(p_n-1)}\right)</math> ...... p_n: primo || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A005596 A005596] ||[0;2,1,2,14,1,1,2,3,5,1,3,1,5,1,1,2,3,5,46,...] |- |<small> 4.66920160910299067185320382046620161 </small> ||Feigenbaum constant δ |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>{\delta}</math> ||<math> \lim_{n \to \infty}\frac {x_{n+1}-x_n}{x_{n+2}-x_{n+1}} \qquad \scriptstyle x \in (3,8284;\, 3,8495)</math> <math> \scriptstyle x_{n+1}=\,ax_n(1-x_n)\quad {o} \quad x_{n+1}=\,a\sin(x_n)</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A006890 A006890] ||[4;1,2,43,2,163,2,3,1,1,2,5,1,2,3,80,2,5,...] |- |<small> 2.50290787509589282228390287321821578 </small> ||Feigenbaum constant α |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\alpha</math> ||<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac {d_n}{d_{n+1}}</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A006891 A006891] ||[2;1,1,85,2,8,1,10,16,3,8,9,2,1,40,1,2,3,...] |- |<small> 5.97798681217834912266905331933922774 </small> ||Hexagonal Madelung Constant ₂ |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>H_{2}(2)</math> || <math> \pi \ln(3) \sqrt 3 </math> ||Pi Log[3]Sqrt[3] |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A086055 A086055] ||[5;1,44,2,2,1,15,1,1,12,1,65,11,1,3,1,1,...] |- |<small> 0.96894614625936938048363484584691860 </small> ||Beta(3) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\beta (3)</math> || <math> \frac{\pi^3}{32} = \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{-1^{n+1}}{(-1+2n)^3} = \frac{1}{1^3} {-} \frac{1}{3^3} {+} \frac{1}{5^3} {-} \frac{1}{7^3} {+} \dots </math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{(-1)^(n+1)/(-1+2n)^3} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A153071 A153071] ||[0;1,31,4,1,18,21,1,1,2,1,2,1,3,6,3,28,1,...] |- | 1.902160583104 ||Brun constant ₂ = Σ inverse twin primes |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>B_{\,2}</math> ||<math> \textstyle \sum \underset{p,\, p+2: \, {primos}}{(\frac1{p}+\frac1{p+2})} = (\frac1{3} {+} \frac1{5}) + (\tfrac1{5} {+} \tfrac1{7}) + (\tfrac1{11} {+} \tfrac1{13}) + \dots</math> || || ||[http://oeis.org/A065421 A065421] ||[1; 1, 9, 4, 1, 1, 8, 3, 4, 4, 2, 2] |- | 0.870588379975 ||Brun constant ₄ = Σ inverse of [[twin prime]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>B_{\,4}</math> ||<math>\underset{p,\, p+2,\, p+4,\, p+6: \, {primes}} {\left(\tfrac1{5} + \tfrac1{7} + \tfrac1{11} + \tfrac1{13}\right)}+ \left(\tfrac1{11} + \tfrac1{13} + \tfrac1{17} + \tfrac1{19}\right)+ \dots</math> || || ||[http://oeis.org/A213007 A213007] ||[0; 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 956, 3, 1, 1] |- |<small> 22.4591577183610454734271522045437350 </small> ||pi^e |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\pi^{e} </math> ||<math>\pi^{e} </math> ||pi^e || ||[http://oeis.org/A059850 A059850] ||[22;2,5,1,1,1,1,1,3,2,1,1,3,9,15,25,1,1,5,...] |- |<small> 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288 </small> || [[Pi]], [[Archimedes]] constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\pi</math> ||<math>\lim_{n\to \infty }\, 2^{n} \underbrace{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+ \dots +\sqrt{2}}}}}_n</math> ||Sum[n=0 to ∞]{(-1)^n 4/(2n+1)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A000796 A000796] ||[3;7,15,1,292,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,14,...] |- |<small> 0.06598803584531253707679018759684642 </small> ||Lower limit of [[Tetration]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>e^{-e}</math> ||<math>e^{-e}</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A073230 A073230] ||[0;15,6,2,13,1,3,6,2,1,1,5,1,1,1,9,4,1,1,1,...] |- |<small> 0.20787957635076190854695561983497877 </small> ||i^i |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> i^i </math> ||<math> e^ \frac{-\pi}{2}</math> ||e^(-pi/2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A049006 A049006] ||[0;4,1,4,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,7,1,20,1,3,6,10,...] |- |<small> 0.28016949902386913303643649123067200 </small> ||Bernstein constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\beta</math> ||<math>\frac {1}{2\sqrt {\pi}}</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A073001 A073001] ||[0;3,1,1,3,9,6,3,1,3,13,1,16,3,3,4,…] |- |<small> 0.28878809508660242127889972192923078 </small> ||Flajolet and Richmond |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>Q</math> ||<math> \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(1 - \frac{1}{2^n}\right) = \left(1{-}\frac{1}{2^1}\right) \left(1{-}\frac{1}{2^2} \right)\left(1{-}\frac{1}{2^3} \right) \dots </math> ||prod[n=1 to ∞]{1-1/2^n} || ||[http://oeis.org/A048651 A048651] || |- |<small> 0.31830988618379067153776752674502872 </small> ||Inverse of [[Pi]], [[Srinivasa Ramanujan|Ramanujan]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\frac{1}{\pi}</math> ||<math> \frac{2\sqrt{2}}{9801} \sum^\infty_{n=0} \frac{(4n)!(1103+26390n)}{(n!)^4 396^{4n}}</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A049541 A049541] ||[0;3,7,15,292,1,1,1,2,1,3,1,14,2,1,1,...] |- |<small> 0.47494937998792065033250463632798297 </small> ||[[Karl Weierstraß|Weierstraß]] constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>W_{_{WE}}</math> ||<math> \frac{e^{\frac{\pi}{8}}\sqrt{\pi}}{4*2^{3/4} {(\frac {1}{4}!)^2}}</math> ||(E^(Pi/8) Sqrt[Pi])/(4 2^(3/4) (1/4)!^2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A094692 A094692] ||[0;2,9,2,11,1,6,1,4,6,3,19,9,217,1,2,...] |- |<small> 0.56714329040978387299996866221035555 </small> ||Omega constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\Omega</math> ||<math>W(1)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-n)^{n-1}}{n!} = 1 {-} 1 {+} \frac{3}{2} {-} \frac{8}{3} {+} \frac{125}{24} - \dots </math> ||sum[n=1 to ∞]{(-n)^(n-1)/n!} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A030178 A030178] ||[0;1,1,3,4,2,10,4,1,1,1,1,2,7,306,1,5,1,...] |- |<small> 0.57721566490153286060651209008240243 </small> ||[[Euler's number]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\gamma</math> ||<math> -\psi(1) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^k}{2^n+k}</math> ||sum[n=1 to ∞]|sum[k=0 to ∞]{((-1)^k)/(2^n+k)} ||? ||[http://oeis.org/A001620 A001620] ||[0;1,1,2,1,2,1,4,3,13,5,1,1,8,1,2,...] |- |<small> 0.60459978807807261686469275254738524 </small> ||Dirichlet serie |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \frac{\pi}{3 \sqrt 3}</math> ||<math> \sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{n{2n \choose n}} = 1 - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{7} - \frac{1}{8} + \cdots</math> ||Sum[1/(n Binomial[2 n, n]), {n, 1, ∞}] |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A073010 A073010] ||[0;1,1,1,1,8,10,2,2,3,3,1,9,2,5,4,1,27,27,...] |- |<small> 0.63661977236758134307553505349005745 </small> ||2/[[Pi]], François Viète |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\frac{2}{\pi}</math> ||<math> \frac{\sqrt2}2 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt2}}2 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt2}}}2 \cdots</math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A060294 A060294] ||[0;1,1,1,3,31,1,145,1,4,2,8,1,6,1,2,3,1,4,...] |- |<small> 0.66016181584686957392781211001455577 </small> ||[[Twin prime]] constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>C_{2}</math> ||<math>\prod_{p=3}^\infty \frac{p(p-2)}{(p-1)^2} </math> ||prod[p=3 to ∞]{p(p-2)/(p-1)^2 || ||[http://oeis.org/A005597 A005597] ||[0;1,1,1,16,2,2,2,2,1,18,2,2,11,1,1,2,4,1,...] |- |<small> 0.66274341934918158097474209710925290 </small> ||[[Laplace]] Limit constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\lambda</math> || || || ||[http://oeis.org/A033259 A033259] ||[0;1,1,1,27,1,1,1,8,2,154,2,4,1,5,...] |- |<small> 0.69314718055994530941723212145817657 </small> ||Natural[[Logarithm]] of 2 |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\ln(2)</math> ||<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n} = \frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}-\cdots </math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{(-1)^(n+1)/n} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002162 A002162] ||[0;1,2,3,1,6,3,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,3,10,...] |- |<small> 0.78343051071213440705926438652697546 </small> || Sophomore's Dream ₁ J.Bernoulli |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>I_{1}</math> ||<math>\sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n^n} = 1 - \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^3} - \frac{1}{4^4} + \frac{1}{5^5} + \dots </math> ||Sum[ -(-1)^n /n^n] |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A083648 A083648] ||[0;1,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,4,7,2,1,2,1,1,1,...] |- |<small> 0.78539816339744830961566084581987572 </small> || Dirichlet beta(1) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\beta(1)</math> ||<math>\frac{\pi}{4} = \sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{2n+1} = \frac{1}{1} - \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} - \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{9} - \cdots</math> ||Sum[n=0 to ∞]{(-1)^n/(2n+1)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A003881 A003881] ||[0; 1,3,1,1,1,15,2,72,1,9,1,17,1,2,1,5,...] |- |<small> 0.82246703342411321823620758332301259 </small> || Traveling Salesman Nielsen-[[Ramanujan]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\frac{\zeta(2)}{2}</math> ||<math> \frac{\pi^2}{12} = \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n^2} = \frac{1}{1^2} {-} \frac{1}{2^2} {+} \frac{1}{3^2} {-} \frac{1}{4^2} {+} \frac{1}{5^2} - \dots</math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{((-1)^(k+1))/n^2} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A072691 A072691] ||[0;1,4,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,3,2,2,4,1,1,1,...] |- |<small> 0.91596559417721901505460351493238411 </small> ||Catalan constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>C</math> ||<math>\sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{(2n+1)^2} = \frac{1}{1^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}-\frac{1}{7^2}+\cdots </math> ||Sum[n=0 to ∞]{(-1)^n/(2n+1)^2} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A006752 A006752] ||[0;1,10,1,8,1,88,4,1,1,7,22,1,2,...] |- |<small> 1.05946309435929526456182529494634170 </small> ||<small>Ratio between frequencies of adjacent semi-tones </small> |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sqrt[12]{2}</math> || <math>\sqrt[12]{2}</math> ||2^(1/12) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A010774 A010774] ||[1;16,1,4,2,7,1,1,2,2,7,4,1,2,1,60,1,3,1,2,...] |- |<small> 1,.08232323371113819151600369654116790 </small> || Zeta(04) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\zeta(4)</math> ||<math> \frac{\pi^4}{90} = \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{{1}}{n^4} = \frac{1}{1^4} + \frac{1}{2^4} + \frac{1}{3^4} + \frac{1}{4^4} + \frac{1}{5^4} + \dots</math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{1/n^4} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A013662 A013662] ||[1;12,6,1,3,1,4,183,1,1,2,1,3,1,1,5,4,2,7,...] |- |1.1319882487943 ... ||[http://www.maa.org/devlin/devlin_3_99.html Viswanaths] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413031719/http://www.maa.org/devlin/devlin_3_99.html |date=2013-04-13 }} constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>C_{Vi}</math> ||<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}|a_n|^\frac{1}{n}</math> || || ||[http://oeis.org/A078416 A078416] ||[1;7,1,1,2,1,3,2,1,2,1,8,1,5,1,1,1,9,1,...] |- |<small> 1.20205690315959428539973816151144999 </small> ||Apéry constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\zeta(3)</math> || <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n^3} = \frac{1}{1^3}+\frac{1}{2^3} + \frac{1}{3^3} + \frac{1}{4^3} + \frac{1}{5^3} + \cdots\,\!</math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{1/n^3} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A010774 A010774] ||[1;4,1,18,1,1,1,4,1,9,9,2,1,1,1,2,...] |- |<small> 1.22541670246517764512909830336289053</small> ||Gamma(3/4) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\Gamma(\tfrac34)</math> ||<math>\left(-1+\frac{3}{4}\right)! </math> ||(-1+3/4)! |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A068465 A068465] ||[1;4,2,3,2,2,1,1,1,2,1,4,7,1,171,3,2,3,1,1,...] |- |<small> 1.23370055013616982735431137498451889 </small> ||Favard constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\tfrac34\zeta(2)</math> ||<math> \frac{\pi^2}{8} = \sum_{n = 0}^\infty \frac{1}{(2n-1)^2} = \frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}+ \dots </math> ||sum[n=1 to ∞]{1/((2n-1)^2)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A111003 A111003] ||[1;4,3,1,1,2,2,5,1,1,1,1,2,1,2,1,10,4,3,1,1,...] |- |<small> 1.25992104989487316476721060727822835 </small> ||Cube root of 2, constante Delian |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sqrt[3]{2}</math> ||<math>\sqrt[3]{2}</math> ||2^(1/3) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002580 A002580] ||[1;3,1,5,1,1,4,1,1,8,1,14,1,10,...] |- |<small> 1.29128599706266354040728259059560054 </small> ||Sophomore's Dream ₂ J.Bernoulli |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>I_{2}</math> ||<math> \sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^n} = 1 + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^3} + \frac{1}{4^4} + \frac{1}{5^5} + \frac{1}{6^6} + \dots</math> ||Sum[1/(n^n]), {n, 1, ∞}] || ||[http://oeis.org/A073009 A073009] ||[1;3,2,3,4,3,1,2,1,1,6,7,2,5,3,1,2,1,8,1,...] |- |<small> 1.32471795724474602596090885447809734 </small> ||Plastic number |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\rho</math> ||<math>\sqrt[3]{1 + \sqrt[3]{1 + \sqrt[3]{1 + \sqrt[3]{1 + \cdots}}}} </math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A060006 A060006] ||[1;3,12,1,1,3,2,3,2,4,2,141,80,2,5,1,2,8,...] |- |<small> 1.41421356237309504880168872420969808 </small> ||[[Square root]] of 2, Pythagoras constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sqrt{2}</math> ||<math>\prod_{n=1}^\infty 1+\frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{2n-1} = \left(1{+}\frac{1}{1}\right) \left(1{-}\frac{1}{3} \right)\left(1{+}\frac{1}{5} \right) ... </math> ||prod[n=1 to ∞]{1+(-1)^(n+1)/(2n-1)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002193 A002193] ||[1;2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,...]<br> = [1;(2),...] |- |<small> 1.44466786100976613365833910859643022 </small> ||Steiner number |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>e^{\frac{1}{e}}</math> ||<math>e^{1/e}</math> ... Upper Limit of Tetration || || ||[http://oeis.org/A073229 A073229] ||[1;2,4,55,27,1,1,16,9,3,2,8,3,2,1,1,4,1,9,...] |- |<small> 1.53960071783900203869106341467188655 </small> ||Lieb's Square Ice constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>W_{2D}</math> || <math>\lim_{n \to \infty}(f(n))^{n^{-2}}=\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^\frac{3}{2}</math> ||(4/3)^(3/2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A118273 A118273] ||[1;1,1,5,1,4,2,1,6,1,6,1,2,4,1,5,1,1,2,...] |- |<small> 1.57079632679489661923132169163975144 </small> ||Wallis product |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\pi/2 </math> ||<math> \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(\frac{4n^2}{4n^2 - 1}\right) = \frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{4}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{5} \cdot \frac{6}{7} \cdot \frac{8}{7} \cdot \frac{8}{9} \cdots </math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A019669 A019669] ||[1;1,1,3,31,1,145,1,4,2,8,1,6,1,2,3,1...] |- |<small> 1.60669515241529176378330152319092458 </small> ||Erdős–Borwein constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>E_{\,B}</math> ||<math>\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{2^n-1} = \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{7} + \frac{1}{15} + \cdots\,\!</math> ||sum[n=1 to ∞]{1/(2^n-1)} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A065442 A065442] ||[1;1,1,1,1,5,2,1,2,29,4,1,2,2,2,2,6,1,7,1,...] |- |<small> 1.61803398874989484820458633436563812 </small> ||Phi, [[Golden ratio]] |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\varphi</math> ||<math>\frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2} = \sqrt{1 + \sqrt{1 + \sqrt{1 + \sqrt{1 + \cdots}}}} </math> ||(1+5^(1/2))/2 |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A001622 A001622] ||[0;1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,...]<br> = [0;(1),...] |- |<small> 1.64493406684822643647241516664602519 </small> ||Zeta(2) |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\zeta(2)</math> ||<math> \frac{\pi^2}{6} = \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{1}{1^2} + \frac{1}{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \frac{1}{4^2} + \cdots</math> ||Sum[n=1 to ∞]{1/n^2} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A013661 A013661] ||[1;1,1,1,4,2,4,7,1,4,2,3,4,10 1,2,1,1,1,15,...] |- |<small> 1.66168794963359412129581892274995074 </small> ||Somos' quadratic recurrence constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sigma</math> ||<math>\sqrt {1 \sqrt {2 \sqrt{3 \cdots}}} = 1^{1/2} ; 2^{1/4} ; 3^{1/8} \cdots </math> || |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A065481 A065481] ||[1;1,1,1,21,1,1,1,6,4,2,1,1,2,1,3,1,13,13,...] |- |<small> 1.73205080756887729352744634150587237 </small> ||Theodorus constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sqrt{3} </math> ||<math>\sqrt{3} </math> ||3^(1/2) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002194 A002194] ||[1;1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,...] <br> = [1;(1,2),...] |- |<small> 1.75793275661800453270881963821813852 </small> ||Kasner number |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>R</math> ||<math>\sqrt{1 + \sqrt{2 + \sqrt{3 + \sqrt{4 + \cdots}}}} </math> || || ||[http://oeis.org/A072449 A072449] ||[1;1,3,7,1,1,1,2,3,1,4,1,1,2,1,2,20,1,2,2,...] |- |<small> 1.77245385090551602729816748334114518 </small> ||Carlson-Levin constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\Gamma(\tfrac12)</math> ||<math>\sqrt{\pi} = \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)! </math> ||sqrt (pi) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002161 A002161] ||[1;1,3,2,1,1,6,1,28,13,1,1,2,18,1,1,1,83,1,...] |- |<small> 2.29558714939263807403429804918949038 </small> ||P, Universal parabolic constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> P </math> ||<math>\ln(1 + \sqrt2) + \sqrt2 </math> ||ln(1+sqrt 2)+sqrt 2 |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A103710 A103710] ||[2;3,2,1,1,1,1,3,3,1,1,4,2,3,2,7,1,6,1,8,...] |- |<small> 2.30277563773199464655961063373524797 </small> ||Bronze Number |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sigma_{\,Rr} </math> ||<math>\frac {3+\sqrt{13}}{2} = 1+ \sqrt{3+\sqrt{3+\sqrt{3+\sqrt{3+\cdots}}}} </math> ||(3+sqrt 13)/2 |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Irrational number|I]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A098316 A098316] ||[3;3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,...] <br> = [3;(3),...] |- |<small> 2.37313822083125090564344595189447424 </small> ||Lévy constant₂ |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>2\,\ln\,\gamma </math> ||<math>\frac{\pi^2}{6\ln(2)} </math> ||Pi^(2)/(6*ln(2)) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A174606 A174606] ||[2;2,1,2,8,57,9,32,1,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,3,2,...] |- |<small> 2.50662827463100050241576528481104525 </small> ||[[Square root]] of 2 pi |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\sqrt{2 \pi} </math> ||<math>\sqrt{2 \pi} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac {n! \; e^n}{n^n \sqrt{n}}</math> ||sqrt (2*pi) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A019727 A019727] ||[2;1,1,37,4,1,1,1,1,9,1,1,2,8,6,1,2,2,1,3,...] |- |<small> 2.66514414269022518865029724987313985 </small> ||Gelfond-Schneider constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> G_{_{\,GS}} </math> ||<math>2^{\sqrt{2}}</math> ||2^sqrt{2} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A007507 A007507] ||[2;1,1,1,72,3,4,1,3,2,1,1,1,14,1,2,1,1,3,1,...] |- |<small> 2.68545200106530644530971483548179569 </small> ||Khintchin constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> K_{\,0} </math> ||<math> \prod_{n=1}^\infty \left[{1+{1\over n(n+2)}}\right]^{\ln n/\ln 2}</math> ||prod[n=1 to ∞]{(1+1/(n(n+2)))^((ln(n)/ln(2))} ||? ||[http://oeis.org/A002210 A002210] ||[2;1,2,5,1,1,2,1,1,3,10,2,1,3,2,24,1,3,2,...] |- |<small> 3.27582291872181115978768188245384386 </small> ||Khinchin-Lévy constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\gamma </math> ||<math> e^{\pi^2/(12\ln2)}</math> ||e^(\pi^2/(12 ln(2)) || ||[http://oeis.org/A086702 A086702] ||[3;3,1,1,1,2,29,1,130,1,12,3,8,2,4,1,3,55,...] |- |<small> 3.35988566624317755317201130291892717 </small> ||Reciprocal Fibonacci constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \Psi </math> ||<math>\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{F_n} = \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{1} + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{5} + \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{13} + \cdots</math> || || ||[http://oeis.org/A079586 A079586] ||[3;2,1,3,1,1,13,2,3,3,2,1,1,6,3,2,4,362,...] |- |<small> 4.13273135412249293846939188429985264 </small> ||Root of 2 e pi |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math> \sqrt{2e \pi}</math> ||<math> \sqrt{2e \pi}</math> ||sqrt(2e pi) |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A019633 A019633] ||[4;7,1,1,6,1,5,1,1,1,8,3,1,2,2,15,2,1,1,2,4,...] |- |<small> 6.58088599101792097085154240388648649 </small> ||Froda constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>2^{\,e} </math> ||<math>2^e </math> ||2^e || || ||[6;1,1,2,1,1,2,3,1,14,11,4,3,1,1,7,5,5,2,7,...] |- |<small> 9.86960440108935861883449099987615114 </small> || Pi Squared |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>\pi ^2</math> ||<math>6 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{6}{1^2} + \frac{6}{2^2} + \frac{6}{3^2} + \frac{6}{4^2}+ \cdots</math> ||6 Sum[n=1 to ∞]{1/n^2} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A002388 A002388] ||[9;1,6,1,2,47,1,8,1,1,2,2,1,1,8,3,1,10,5,...] |- |<small> 23.1406926327792690057290863679485474 </small> ||Gelfond constant |bgcolor=#e0f0f0 align=center|<math>e^{\pi}</math> ||<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{\pi^{n}}{n!} = \frac{\pi^{1}}{1} + \frac{\pi^{2}}{2!} + \frac{\pi^{3}}{3!} + \frac{\pi^{4}}{4!}+ \cdots</math> ||Sum[n=0 to ∞]{(pi^n)/n!} |style="text-align:center;"|'''''[[Transcendental number|T]]''''' ||[http://oeis.org/A039661 A039661] ||[23;7,9,3,1,1,591,2,9,1,2,34,1,16,1,30,1,...] |- |} == Related pages == * [[Speed of light]] * [[Differentiation]] * [[Constant function]] * [[Quadratic function]] * [[Differential equation]] * [[Multivariable calculus]] * [[List of mathematical symbols]] * [[Eigenvalues and eigenvectors]] == References == <references /> == Books == *{{cite book | author= Finch, Steven | title = Mathematical constants | url= https://archive.org/details/mathematicalcons0000finc | publisher= Cambridge University Press | year= 2003 | isbn = 0-521-81805-2}} *{{cite book | author= Daniel Zwillinger | title = Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae | publisher= Imperial College Press. | year= 2012 | isbn = 978-1-4398-3548-7}} *{{cite book | author= Eric W. Weisstein | title = CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics | publisher= Chapman & Hall/CRC | year= 2003 | isbn = 1-58488-347-2}} *{{cite book | author= Lloyd Kilford | title = Modular Forms, a Classical and Computational Introduction | publisher= Imperial College Press. | year= 2008 | isbn = 978-1-84816-213-6}} == Online bibliography == * [http://oeis.org/wiki/Index_to_OEIS On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS)] * [http://www.plouffe.fr/simon/articles/Tableofconstants.pdf Simon Plouffe, Tables of Constants ] * [http://numbers.computation.free.fr/Constants/constants.html Xavier Gourdon and Pascal Sebah's page of numbers, mathematical constants and algorithms] * [http://www.ebyte.it/library/educards/constants/MathConstants.html MathConstants] ==Other websites== *[http://www.wolframalpha.com/ WolframAlpha] * [http://www.maths.surrey.ac.uk/hosted-sites/R.Knott/Fibonacci/cfCALC.html Continued Fraction Calculator] * [http://oldweb.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/ISCmain.html Inverse Symbolic Calculator, Plouffe's Inverter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130312010106/http://oldweb.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/ISCmain.html |date=2013-03-12 }} [[Category:Mathematical constants|*]] ebqoaxor5oplk8p26k083dwhh8mblk7 0 12468 10882851 10064337 2026-06-10T02:22:57Z ~2026-34188-49 1819433 q 10882851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}} [[File:Aaron Copland 1970.JPG|thumb|200px|Copland in 1970]] Aaron Copland wrote many kinds of [[music]]. He wrote music for the [[orchestra]], [[piano]], and [[voice]]. He wrote music for [[theater|plays]], [[movies]], and [[dance]]. Copland also was a [[Conducting|conductor]], [[pianist]], [[speaker]], [[teacher]], and [[writer]]. Music critics say Copland taught Americans about themselves through his music. He used parts of many old American [[folk music|folksongs]] in his work. He wanted to do this after studying music in [[France]]. He said that composers there had a very French way of writing music. He said Americans had nothing like that in this country. So he decided to compose music that was truly American. == Early days of Copland == Aaron Copland was born November 14, 1900 in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. He died at the age of 90 on December 2, 1990. He was the youngest of five children. His parents had come to the [[United States]] from eastern [[Europe]]. They owned a store in Brooklyn. Aaron began playing the piano when he was a young child. He wrote his first song for his mother when he was eight years old. His dreams of becoming a composer began when he was young. When he was sixteen, he asked his parents to let him study composing with Rubin Goldmark. Goldmark had taught the composer [[George Gershwin]]. When he was in his early twenties, Copland went to [[Paris]], [[France]], where he studied music with [[Nadia Boulanger]]. She was one of the most important music teachers of the time. He returned to New York in 1924. == Known classical works == The famous conductor of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]], Serge Koussevitzky, learned about Copland's music. Koussevitzky led the [[orchestra]] for the first performance of Copland's early work, "Music for the Theater", in 1925. Koussevitzky also conducted Copland's "Concerto for Piano and Orchestra" in 1927. This work was unusual because Copland used ideas from [[jazz]] music in his [[concerto]]. Copland later wrote the music for two [[ballet]]s about the American West. One was about the life of a famous gunfighter called [[Billy the Kid]]. Copland used music from American cowboy songs in this work. This piece from "Billy the Kid: Ballet Suite" is called "Street in a Frontier Town". In 1942, the conductor Andre Kostelanitz asked Copland to write music about a great American, [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Copland wrote "Lincoln Portrait" to honor America's 16th president. Copland's music included parts of American folk songs and songs popular during the [[American Civil War]]. He added words from President Lincoln's speeches and letters. "Lincoln Portrait" has been performed many times in America. Many famous people have done the speaking part.Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], was one of them. Here, actor [[James Earl Jones]] performs in Copland's "Lincoln Portrait." In 1942 the music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra asked 18 composers to write music expressing love for America. For the competition, Copland composed "Fanfare for the Common Man. " This music is played in America during many national events, including some presidential inaugurations (when they become presidents). Experts say "Fanfare for the Common Man" was an example of the way Copland changed the kind of music he wrote during the 1940s. He began writing music that was more easily understood and more popular. Copland wrote about this in 1941 in his book, ''Our New Music''. He wrote that the radio and record player was helping people who had never listened to music before to enjoy music. He said that there was no reason to continue writing music as if these things had not been invented. So he decided to write music in a simpler way. == His interest and activities beyond music == Copland spread his ideas about music in other ways. He taught at the New School for Social Research in New York City and at [[Harvard University]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. One of the many awards he received was the [[Pulitzer Prize]]. He won it in 1945 for his famous music for a [[ballet]] called "Appalachian Spring." It is one of his most popular works. The last part of the ballet is based on a traditional song, "A Gift to be Simple". Copland also wrote music for several major movies. He won an [[Academy Award]] in 1950 for composing the music for the movie ''The Heiress''. Then he began experimenting with what is called the [[twelve-tone system]]. His music was no longer as easy to understand, nor as popular. Copland stopped composing at the end of the 1960s. Yet he continued to be active as a conductor and speaker. In 1982, Queens College of the City University of New York established the Aaron Copland School of Music. Copland was a strong supporter of [[liberal]] ideas. In the early 1950s, he and other famous writers, actors and intellectuals were accused of supporting [[communism]]. Public opinion changed, though. In 1964, President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] presented him with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]. It is America's highest award to civilians. Aaron Copland died in 1990 at the age of 90. But his music lives on. ---- The article above is a reuse and modification from a [http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/Archive/a-2003-08-15-1-1.cfm script] available as public domain under [http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm Terms of Use & Privacy Notice] of [[Voice of America]]. ==Sources== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/achtml/achome.html Aaron Copland Collection] at the Library of Congress website {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Copland, Aaron}} [[Category:1900 births]] [[Category:1990 deaths]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]] [[Category:20th-century American composers]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Pulitzer Prize winners]] ooni09up9cg1br0olj55qdjr985vj7u 10882852 10882851 2026-06-10T02:23:03Z ChenzwBot 16695 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34188-49|~2026-34188-49]] ([[User talk:~2026-34188-49|talk]]) to last version by Asteralee 10064337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}} [[File:Aaron Copland 1970.JPG|thumb|200px|Copland in 1970]] '''Aaron Copland''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|oʊ|p|l|ə|n|d}}, {{respell|KOHP|lənd}};<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/copland-aaron.html |title=Copland, Aaron |website=InfoPlease}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/pronunciation/english/aaron |title=Aaron Copland – Pronunciation – Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary |publisher=OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com}}</ref> November 14, 1900{{spaced ndash}}December 2, 1990) was an [[Americans|American]] [[composer]] who wrote modern music. Aaron Copland wrote many kinds of [[music]]. He wrote music for the [[orchestra]], [[piano]], and [[voice]]. He wrote music for [[theater|plays]], [[movies]], and [[dance]]. Copland also was a [[Conducting|conductor]], [[pianist]], [[speaker]], [[teacher]], and [[writer]]. Music critics say Copland taught Americans about themselves through his music. He used parts of many old American [[folk music|folksongs]] in his work. He wanted to do this after studying music in [[France]]. He said that composers there had a very French way of writing music. He said Americans had nothing like that in this country. So he decided to compose music that was truly American. == Early days of Copland == Aaron Copland was born November 14, 1900 in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]. He died at the age of 90 on December 2, 1990. He was the youngest of five children. His parents had come to the [[United States]] from eastern [[Europe]]. They owned a store in Brooklyn. Aaron began playing the piano when he was a young child. He wrote his first song for his mother when he was eight years old. His dreams of becoming a composer began when he was young. When he was sixteen, he asked his parents to let him study composing with Rubin Goldmark. Goldmark had taught the composer [[George Gershwin]]. When he was in his early twenties, Copland went to [[Paris]], [[France]], where he studied music with [[Nadia Boulanger]]. She was one of the most important music teachers of the time. He returned to New York in 1924. == Known classical works == The famous conductor of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]], Serge Koussevitzky, learned about Copland's music. Koussevitzky led the [[orchestra]] for the first performance of Copland's early work, "Music for the Theater", in 1925. Koussevitzky also conducted Copland's "Concerto for Piano and Orchestra" in 1927. This work was unusual because Copland used ideas from [[jazz]] music in his [[concerto]]. Copland later wrote the music for two [[ballet]]s about the American West. One was about the life of a famous gunfighter called [[Billy the Kid]]. Copland used music from American cowboy songs in this work. This piece from "Billy the Kid: Ballet Suite" is called "Street in a Frontier Town". In 1942, the conductor Andre Kostelanitz asked Copland to write music about a great American, [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Copland wrote "Lincoln Portrait" to honor America's 16th president. Copland's music included parts of American folk songs and songs popular during the [[American Civil War]]. He added words from President Lincoln's speeches and letters. "Lincoln Portrait" has been performed many times in America. Many famous people have done the speaking part.Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], was one of them. Here, actor [[James Earl Jones]] performs in Copland's "Lincoln Portrait." In 1942 the music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra asked 18 composers to write music expressing love for America. For the competition, Copland composed "Fanfare for the Common Man. " This music is played in America during many national events, including some presidential inaugurations (when they become presidents). Experts say "Fanfare for the Common Man" was an example of the way Copland changed the kind of music he wrote during the 1940s. He began writing music that was more easily understood and more popular. Copland wrote about this in 1941 in his book, ''Our New Music''. He wrote that the radio and record player was helping people who had never listened to music before to enjoy music. He said that there was no reason to continue writing music as if these things had not been invented. So he decided to write music in a simpler way. == His interest and activities beyond music == Copland spread his ideas about music in other ways. He taught at the New School for Social Research in New York City and at [[Harvard University]] in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. One of the many awards he received was the [[Pulitzer Prize]]. He won it in 1945 for his famous music for a [[ballet]] called "Appalachian Spring." It is one of his most popular works. The last part of the ballet is based on a traditional song, "A Gift to be Simple". Copland also wrote music for several major movies. He won an [[Academy Award]] in 1950 for composing the music for the movie ''The Heiress''. Then he began experimenting with what is called the [[twelve-tone system]]. His music was no longer as easy to understand, nor as popular. Copland stopped composing at the end of the 1960s. Yet he continued to be active as a conductor and speaker. In 1982, Queens College of the City University of New York established the Aaron Copland School of Music. Copland was a strong supporter of [[liberal]] ideas. In the early 1950s, he and other famous writers, actors and intellectuals were accused of supporting [[communism]]. Public opinion changed, though. In 1964, President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] presented him with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]]. It is America's highest award to civilians. Aaron Copland died in 1990 at the age of 90. But his music lives on. ---- The article above is a reuse and modification from a [http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/Archive/a-2003-08-15-1-1.cfm script] available as public domain under [http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/disclaim.cfm Terms of Use & Privacy Notice] of [[Voice of America]]. ==Sources== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/achtml/achome.html Aaron Copland Collection] at the Library of Congress website {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Copland, Aaron}} [[Category:1900 births]] [[Category:1990 deaths]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]] [[Category:20th-century American composers]] [[Category:American Grammy Award winners]] [[Category:Pulitzer Prize winners]] mkqfd1au3dlfgwrid78vz69f9hxciav 0 13311 10882743 10872272 2026-06-09T23:48:37Z ~2026-33044-01 1819382 10882743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Disney|its Walt Disney Studios division, which owns [[20th Century Studios]]|Walt Disney Studios (division)}} {{distinguish|Walt Disney Pictures}} {{Infobox company | name = The Walt Disney Company | logo = The Walt Disney Company Logo.svg | logo_caption = The corporate variant of the [[Disney logo]] | type = [[Public company|Public]] | image = Walt Disney Studios Alameda Entrance.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = The [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] corporate [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|headquarters]] in Burbank, California, 2016 | trading_name = Disney | traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|DIS}}|[[DJIA]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}} | industry = {{ubl|[[Media conglomerate|Media]]|[[Outline of entertainment|Entertainment]]}} | predecessors = [[Laugh-O-Gram Studio]] | founded = {{start date and age|1923|10|16}} | former_name = {{Plainlist| * Disney Brothers Studio<br />(1923–1926) * Walt Disney Studio<br />(1926–1929) * Walt Disney Productions<br />(1929–1986) }} | founders = [[Walt Disney]], [[Roy O. Disney]] | hq_location = [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)#Team Disney – The Michael D. Eisner Building|Team Disney Building]], [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] | hq_location_city = [[Burbank, California]] | hq_location_country = U.S. | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Plainlist| * [[Susan Arnold]]<br>(Chairwoman) * [[Bob Iger]]<br>(CEO), John Nallen COO, Viet Dinh CLO, Tommy Lee CFO, at PBS (now part of Disney) Susan Arnold CFO, John Gelke VP Global Operations, J Young SVP Growth, Gerard Devan Group Executive APAC, Stephanie Gruber Group Executive Television, Christopher Greavu Vice President of Sales. }} | products = {{Plainlist| * [[Theme park|Amusement parks]] * [[Television program]] * [[Movie|Movies]] * [[Comic Books]] * [[Music]] * [[Video game|Video games]] * [[Web portal|Web portals]] }} | services = {{Plainlist| * [[Broadcasting]] * [[License|Licensing]] * [[Publishing]] * [[Radio]] * [[Streaming media|Streaming]] * [[Television]] }} | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|82.722 billion|link=no}} | revenue_year = 2022 | operating_income = {{increase}} {{US$|12.121 billion}} | income_year = 2022 | net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|3.145 billion}} | net_income_year = 2022 | assets = {{increase}} {{US$|203.631 billion}} | assets_year = 2022 | equity = {{increase}} {{US$|98.879 billion}} | equity_year = 2022 | num_employees = {{circa|220,000}} | num_employees_year = 2022 | divisions = {{Plainlist| * [[Disney Parks, Experiences and Products]] * [[Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution]] * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] * [[Disney General Entertainment Content]] * [[Disney International Content and Operations]] * [[ESPN Inc.|ESPN and Sports Content]] }} | subsid = {{Plainlist| * [[Marvel Entertainment]] }} | website = {{URL|thewaltdisneycompany.com}} | footnotes = <ref name="Fortune500">{{Cite web |title=Walt Disney |url=https://fortune.com/company/disney/fortune500/ |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |archive-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730173350/https://fortune.com/company/disney/fortune500/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibson |first=Kate |date=June 24, 2022 |title=Disney among slew of U.S. companies promising to cover abortion travel costs |work=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-roe-v-wade-abortion-disney-dicks-sporting-goods-walmart-travel-costs/ |access-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714090230/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-roe-v-wade-abortion-disney-dicks-sporting-goods-walmart-travel-costs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''The Walt Disney Company''', commonly known as '''Disney''', is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate that is headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios Complex in [[Burbank, California]]. Disney was started on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy Disney as Disney Brothers Studio; it also operated under the names Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. Disney is known for [[Mickey Mouse]], [[Winnie the Pooh]], [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]], [[Cinderella (1950 movie)|Cinderella]], [[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]], [[The Lion King]], [[Mary Poppins (movie)|Mary Poppins]], [[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]], [[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]], [[Tarzan (1999 movie)|Tarzan]], [[Lilo & Stitch]], [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]], [[Tangled]] and [[Pinocchio (1940 movie)|Pinocchio]]. [[Pixar]] famous movies such as [[Toy Story]] and [[Cars (movie)|Cars]]. [[Marvel Comics]] well known famous superhero comics such as [[Spider-Man]] and [[Hulk (Marvel Comics)|Hulk]]. They also had Lucasfilm media franchises such as [[Star Wars]] and [[Indiana Jones]], and [[Jim Henson]]'s original franchises such as [[The Muppets]]. In its early days the company established itself as a leader in the animation industry with the short film ''[[Steamboat Willie]]'', which used synchronized sound to become the first post-produced sound cartoon and debuted the widely popular character Mickey Mouse, who would go on to become the company's mascot and corporate icon. == Divisions == The company's main units are [[Studio]] Entertainment, [[theme park|Park]]s and [[Resort]]s, Media [[Network]]s and [[Consumer]] Products. === Studio Entertainment === This unit, also called the [[Walt Disney Studios]], is headed by [[Chairman]] [[Dick Cook]]. It consists of: * The [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] – [[movie]] studios [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[Touchstone Pictures]], [[Lucasfilm]], [[Marvel Studios]] and [[Hollywood Pictures]]. * The [[Disney Music Group]] – Walt Disney Records, Mammoth Records, Lyric Street Records and [[Hollywood Records]]. * [[Distribution]] companies: [[Buena Vista International]] and [[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment]]. One of the Studios' largest assets lies in [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], which has made a successful string of [[animation|animated]] movies for almost seven decades. Because of failures with most of their recent additions, it has changed its focus from traditional hand-drawn to [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] movies. [[Pixar]], also owned by Disney, is one of the first studios to create CGI movies. Since 2006, Disney has bought three movie studios: [[Marvel Comics]], [[Lucasfilm]] and [[Pixar]]. === Parks and Resorts === Worldwide, Disney has eleven theme parks (as of June 2025) * [[Disneyland Resort]] in Anaheim, California ** [[Disneyland]] Park in California ** [[Disney's California Adventure]] in California * [[Walt Disney World]] in Orlando, Florida ** [[Magic Kingdom]] in Florida ** [[Epcot]] in Florida ** [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] in Florida ** [[Disney's Animal Kingdom]] in Florida * [[Disneyland Paris]] in France * [[Walt Disney Studios]] in France * [[Tokyo Disneyland]] in Japan * [[Tokyo DisneySea]] in Japan * [[Hong Kong Disneyland Resort]] * [[Shanghai Disneyland Park]] in China Disney once owned the [[sports]] teams, the [[Anaheim Angels|Angels]] ([[baseball]]) and the [[Anaheim Mighty Ducks|Mighty Ducks]] ([[ice hockey]]), both based in [[Anaheim, California]]. These teams were later sold to other people. ===Disney Enterprises Inc.=== '''Disney Enterprises Inc.''' is a [[subsidiary]] of the company; the name is found in many of its [[Franchising|franchises]]. === Media Networks === The [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] [[television]] network, which Disney bought in 1995, serves as the center of this unit. [[Cable television]] channels within it include [[Disney Channel]], [[Disney XD]], [[ESPN]], [[ESPN on ABC]], [[Freeform]],and [[PBS]] (which Disney's ABC owns the Public TV network). It also partly owns Lifetime, A&E and E!. [[Buena Vista Television]], responsible for the [[syndication]] of many Disney series, produces some of its own as well: ''[[Tamron Hall]]'', ''[[The View]]'', ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]'', ''[[Live with Regis and Kelly]]'', and ''[[Ebert & Roeper]]''. === Consumer Products === [[Merchandising]] and [[licensing]] within the company are overseen in this division. [[Disney Publishing Worldwide]], part of this unit, has Disney Press, Disney Editions and Hyperion Books as its [[Trademark|brands]]. It once owned the [[Disney Store]] [[shopping]] chain until 2004, when it sold all the stores to [[The Children's Place]]. ==History== * 1923: Disney is founded * 1925: First appearance of [[Pegleg Pete]] cartoon, ''[[Alice Solves the Puzzle]]'' * 1928: First [[Mickey Mouse]] cartoon, ''[[Airplane|Plane]] Crazy'' * 1928: First appearance of [[Minnie Mouse]] cartoon, ''Plane Crazy'' * 1928: First official Mickey Mouse cartoon, ''Steamboat Willie'' * 1929: Start of the ''[[Silly Symphonies]]'': ''The [[Skeleton]] Dance'' * 1929: First Silly Symphony episode, ''The Skeleton Dance'' * 1930: First appearance of [[Pluto]] cartoon, ''[[The Chain Gang]]'' * 1932: First appearance of [[Goofy]] cartoon, ''[[Mickey's Revue]]'' ([[Columbia Pictures]] Studios) * 1932: First full-colour cartoon, ''Flowers and Trees'' * 1933: First appearance of [[Fifi the Peke]] cartoons, ''[[Puppy Love]]'' * 1933: First Donald Duck Theme Music #1, ''[[The Steeplechase]]'' * 1933: First [[Pluto's Devil]] cartoons, ''Mickey's Pal Pluto'' * 1933: First [[Pluto's Angel]] cartoons, ''Mickey's Pal Pluto'' * 1934: First Walt Disney segment, ''The Hot Choco-Late Soldiers'' * 1934: First [[Donald Duck]] cartoon, ''The Wise Little [[Hen]]'' * 1937: First [[Daisy Duck]] cartoon, ''[[Don Donald]]'' * 1937: First [[Pluto, Jr.]] cartoons. ''[[Pluto's Quin-Puplets]]'' * 1937: First full-length animated movie, ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' * 1938: First [[Huey, Dewey and Louie]] cartoons, ''[[Donald's Nephews]]'' * 1939: First Goofy episode, ''[[Goofy and Wilbur]]'' * 1939: First Mickey Mouse Theme #1, ''[[The Standard Parade]]'' * 1940: First Disney movie failed at the box office, ''[[Pinocchio (1940 movie)|Pinocchio]]'' * 1940: First Pluto episode, ''[[Bone Trouble]]'' * 1940: First Donald Duck Theme #2, ''Window Cleaners'' * 1940: First Goofy Theme #1, ''[[Goofy's Glider]]'' * 1940: First Pluto #1, ''[[Private Parate]]'' * 1940: Studio moves to [[Burbank, California]] * 1940: Fantasia's debut * 1941: Dumbo's debut * 1942: Bambi's debut * 1942: First [[P.J.]] cartoons, ''[[Bellboy Donald]]'' * 1943: First [[Scrooge McDuck]] cartoons, ''[[The Spirit of '43]]'' * 1943: First [[Chip 'n' Dale]] cartoons, ''[[Private Pluto]]'' * 1944: First Pluto Theme #2, ''[[Springtime for Pluto]]'' * 1945: First [[Netherlands|Dutch]] cartoons, ''[[Canine Casanova]]'' * 1946: ''[[Song of the South]]''{{'}}s [[debut]] * 1947: First Pluto Theme #3, ''[[Pluto's Housewarming]]'' * 1947: First Donald Duck Theme #3, ''[[Donald's Dilemma]]'' * 1947: First Mickey Mouse #2, ''[[Mickey's Delayed Date]]'' * 1950: Cinderella's debut * 1950: First Goofy Theme #2, ''[[Motor Mania]]'' * 1954: [[Walt Disney anthology series]] starts * 1955: [[Disneyland]] opens in [[Anaheim, California]] * 1955: First [[widescreen]] cartoon, ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' * 1964: Mary Poppins becomes the first Disney movie to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] * 1966: [[Walt Disney]] dies; his brother [[Roy Disney|Roy]] takes over the studio * 1967: Last animated movie from producer Walt Disney, ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 movie)|The Jungle Book]]'' * 1971: [[Walt Disney World]] opens in [[Orlando, Florida]] * 1979: [[Don Bluth]] and friends leave the studio * 1979: ''[[The Black Hole]]'', Disney's first [[MPAA|PG]] movie, is a failure with [[critic]]s. * 1981: Disney's last movie that has any of the Nine Old Men as the animators: ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' * 1983: [[Disney Channel]] is launched * 1984: [[Touchstone Pictures]] starts with ''[[Splash]]'' * 1984: Michael Eisner became the CEO of Disney * 1984: [[Disney Television Animation]] is founded * 1985: Disney's first animated movie that was rated PG: ''[[The Black Cauldron (movie)|The Black Cauldron]]'' * 1985: Disney's first two animated series for television ''The Adventures of the Gummi Bears'' and ''The Wuzzles'' premiere on NBC and CBS’ Saturday Morning lineups. * 1987: Disney animated television series ''DuckTales'' * 1988: Who framed Roger Rabbit's debut * 1988: DisneyToons Studios opens * 1989: ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]]'' brings new life in the [[animation]] division as well as the genre; studio gets its first [[Academy Award|Oscar]] in eighteen years for this movie * 1990: [[Hollywood Pictures]] starts with ''[[Arachnophobia (movie)|Arachnophobia]]'' * 1991: ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' becomes the first animated movie to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] * 1992: Disney releases ''Aladdin'' * 1993: The Nightmare Before Christmas's debut * 1993: Disney buys the [[Miramax]] movie studio. * 1994: Studio president Frank Wells was killed in a helicopter crash * 1994: [[The Lion King]] is released. It becomes the highest grossing hand drawn animated movie of all time. * 1994: Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns from Disney. * 1995: First [[Pixar]] movie, ''[[Toy Story]]'' * 1996: Disney acquires [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC) and [[ESPN]] * 2001: Disney Channel television series ''Lizzie McGuire'' * 2001: First [[Pixar]] movie that was nominated for Best Animated Feature, Monsters Inc. * 2003: First [[Pixar]] movie that won an Oscar for Best Animated Feature, Finding Nemo * 2003: ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' becomes studio's first family movie with a rating of [[MPAA|PG-13]] * 2004: Disney acquired [[The Muppets|the Muppets franchise]] from [[The Jim Henson Company|Henson]] * 2004: ''[[Home on the Range (2004 movie)|Home on the Range]]'' is Disney's last traditionally animated movie to use CAPS * 2004: First [[Pixar]] movie that is rated PG, The Incredibles * 2005: Disneyland celebrates fiftieth [[birthday]] * 2005: Michael Eisner resigns from Disney. He was replaced by Bob Iger. * 2005:The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe's debut * 2005: First self-made [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] movie, ''[[Chicken Little (2005 movie)|Chicken Little]]'' * 2009: Up becomes the first Pixar animated feature to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] * 2009: Disney buys comic book publisher [[Marvel Comics]] for 4 billion US dollars. * 2010: Disney sells one of its movie studios, [[Miramax Films]], to Filmyard Holdings. * 2012: Disney buys movie studio [[Lucasfilm]] for 4 billion US dollars. * 2013: Disney releases ''Frozen'', which becomes the studio's first non-Pixar movie to win an Oscar for Best Animated Feature. * 2016: Disney releases ''Moana''. * 2018: DisneyToon Studios was closed down * 2018: John Lasseter left Disney * 2018: [[Touchstone Pictures]] was closed down * 2019: Disney acquired [[21st Century Fox]]’s assets * 2019: Disney's acquisition of [[PBS]] soon by 2027. * 2019: Ed Catmull retires * 2019: Disney creates their own streaming service, [[Disney+]] (including [[Pixar]], [[Marvel Comics]] and [[Star Wars]]) in November 2019. * 2020: Bob Iger resigns as the CEO of Disney. He was replaced by Bob Chapek as CEO. * 2021: Disney closes its radio station, [[Radio Disney]]. * 2021: [[Disney+]] creates Disney Channel and Disney XD outside of the US, which has Disney movies and television programs for kids. * 2021: The Walt Disney Company Latin America rebrands all the channels with the Disney name in Latin America, to Disney-PBS. * 2022: The Walt Disney Company Latin America closes Star Premium in January 31st, 2022. * 2022: Bob Chapek got fired, and Bob Iger returned as a CEO of Disney. * 2023: Disney celebrates the 100th Anniversary. *2026: Bob Iger resigns, and hands over position to Josh D'Amaro ==Disney+== {{main article|Disney+}} On November 12, 2019, Disney launched their own streaming service, [[Disney+]]. The platform features almost all of their cartoons, short movies, movies and TV shows along with those made by properties bought by Disney, such as Disney, [[The Muppets]], [[Pixar]], [[Lucasfilm]], and [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]]. It also features original content, such as several [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]] and [[Star Wars]] programs. ==Related pages== * [[Walt Disney Pictures]] * [[List of Disney animated movies]] * [[List of Disney characters]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|The Walt Disney Company}} * [http://www.disney.com The Official Site] * [http://corporate.disney.go.com/index.html?ppLink=pp_wdig Corporate Site] * {{Official website|www.thewaltdisneycompany.com|mobile=http://m.thewaltdisneycompany.com/|name=Corporate website}} * {{Official website|http://disney.com|name=Disney.com}} {{Disney}} {{Walt Disney Studios}} {{DisneyConsumer}} {{movie studios}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walt Disney Company, The}} [[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Companies based in California]] [[Category:The Walt Disney Company| ]] 68xbxtl33p7bqa5fawugdscxi34jcd4 10882744 10882743 2026-06-09T23:50:09Z ~2026-33044-01 1819382 10882744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Disney|its Walt Disney Studios division, which owns [[20th Century Studios]]|Walt Disney Studios (division)}} {{distinguish|Walt Disney Pictures}} {{Infobox company | name = The Walt Disney Company | logo = The Walt Disney Company Logo.svg | logo_caption = The corporate variant of the [[Disney logo]] | type = [[Public company|Public]] | image = Walt Disney Studios Alameda Entrance.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = The [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] corporate [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|headquarters]] in Burbank, California, 2016 | trading_name = Disney | traded_as = {{ubl|{{NYSE|DIS}}|[[DJIA]] component|[[S&P 100]] component|[[S&P 500]] component}} | industry = {{ubl|[[Media conglomerate|Media]]|[[Outline of entertainment|Entertainment]]}} | predecessors = [[Laugh-O-Gram Studio]] | founded = {{start date and age|1923|10|16}} | former_name = {{Plainlist| * Disney Brothers Studio<br />(1923–1926) * Walt Disney Studio<br />(1926–1929) * Walt Disney Productions<br />(1929–1986) }} | founders = [[Walt Disney]], [[Roy O. Disney]] | hq_location = [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)#Team Disney – The Michael D. Eisner Building|Team Disney Building]], [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] | hq_location_city = [[Burbank, California]] | hq_location_country = U.S. | area_served = Worldwide | key_people = {{Plainlist| * [[Susan Arnold]]<br>(Chairwoman) * [[Bob Iger]]<br>(CEO), John Nallen COO, Viet Dinh CLO, Tommy Lee CFO, at PBS (now part of Disney) Susan Arnold CFO, John Gelke VP Global Operations, J Young SVP Growth, Gerard Devan Group Executive APAC, Stephanie Gruber Group Executive Television, Christopher Greavu Vice President of Sales. }} | products = {{Plainlist| * [[Theme park|Amusement parks]] * [[Television program]] * [[Movie|Movies]] * [[Comic Books]] * [[Music]] * [[Video game|Video games]] * [[Web portal|Web portals]] }} | services = {{Plainlist| * [[Broadcasting]] * [[License|Licensing]] * [[Publishing]] * [[Radio]] * [[Streaming media|Streaming]] * [[Television]] }} | revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|82.722 billion|link=no}} | revenue_year = 2022 | operating_income = {{increase}} {{US$|12.121 billion}} | income_year = 2022 | net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|3.145 billion}} | net_income_year = 2022 | assets = {{increase}} {{US$|203.631 billion}} | assets_year = 2022 | equity = {{increase}} {{US$|98.879 billion}} | equity_year = 2022 | num_employees = {{circa|220,000}} | num_employees_year = 2022 | divisions = {{Plainlist| * [[Disney Parks, Experiences and Products]] * [[Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution]] * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] * [[Disney General Entertainment Content]] * [[Disney International Content and Operations]] * [[ESPN Inc.|ESPN and Sports Content]] }} | subsid = {{Plainlist| * [[Marvel Entertainment]] }} | website = {{URL|thewaltdisneycompany.com}} | footnotes = <ref name="Fortune500">{{Cite web |title=Walt Disney |url=https://fortune.com/company/disney/fortune500/ |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |archive-date=July 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730173350/https://fortune.com/company/disney/fortune500/ |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibson |first=Kate |date=June 24, 2022 |title=Disney among slew of U.S. companies promising to cover abortion travel costs |work=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-roe-v-wade-abortion-disney-dicks-sporting-goods-walmart-travel-costs/ |access-date=July 29, 2022 |archive-date=July 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714090230/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-roe-v-wade-abortion-disney-dicks-sporting-goods-walmart-travel-costs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''The Walt Disney Company''', commonly known as '''Disney''', is an American multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate that is headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios Complex in [[Burbank, California]]. Disney was started on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy Disney as Disney Brothers Studio; it also operated under the names Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. Disney is known for [[Mickey Mouse]], [[Winnie the Pooh]], [[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]], [[Cinderella (1950 movie)|Cinderella]], [[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]], [[The Lion King]], [[Mary Poppins (movie)|Mary Poppins]], [[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]], [[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]], [[Tarzan (1999 movie)|Tarzan]], [[Lilo & Stitch]], [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]], [[Tangled]] and [[Pinocchio (1940 movie)|Pinocchio]]. [[Pixar]] famous movies such as [[Toy Story]] and [[Cars (movie)|Cars]]. [[Marvel Comics]] well known famous superhero comics such as [[Spider-Man]] and [[Hulk (Marvel Comics)|Hulk]]. They also had Lucasfilm media franchises such as [[Star Wars]] and [[Indiana Jones]], and [[Jim Henson]]'s original franchises such as [[The Muppets]]. In its early days the company established itself as a leader in the animation industry with the short film ''[[Steamboat Willie]]'', which used synchronized sound to become the first post-produced sound cartoon and debuted the widely popular character Mickey Mouse, who would go on to become the company's mascot and corporate icon. == Divisions == The company's main units are [[Studio]] Entertainment, [[theme park|Park]]s and [[Resort]]s, Media [[Network]]s and [[Consumer]] Products. === Studio Entertainment === This unit, also called the [[Walt Disney Studios]], is headed by [[Chairman]] [[Dick Cook]]. It consists of: * The [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] – [[movie]] studios [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[Touchstone Pictures]], [[Lucasfilm]], [[Marvel Studios]] and [[Hollywood Pictures]]. * The [[Disney Music Group]] – Walt Disney Records, Mammoth Records, Lyric Street Records and [[Hollywood Records]]. * [[Distribution]] companies: [[Buena Vista International]] and [[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment]]. One of the Studios' largest assets lies in [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], which has made a successful string of [[animation|animated]] movies for almost seven decades. Because of failures with most of their recent additions, it has changed its focus from traditional hand-drawn to [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] movies. [[Pixar]], also owned by Disney, is one of the first studios to create CGI movies. Since 2006, Disney has bought three movie studios: [[Marvel Comics]], [[Lucasfilm]] and [[Pixar]]. === Parks and Resorts === Worldwide, Disney has eleven theme parks (as of June 2025) * [[Disneyland Resort]] in Anaheim, California ** [[Disneyland]] Park in California ** [[Disney's California Adventure]] in California * [[Walt Disney World]] in Orlando, Florida ** [[Magic Kingdom]] in Florida ** [[Epcot]] in Florida ** [[Disney's Hollywood Studios]] in Florida ** [[Disney's Animal Kingdom]] in Florida * [[Disneyland Paris]] in France * [[Walt Disney Studios]] in France * [[Tokyo Disneyland]] in Japan * [[Tokyo DisneySea]] in Japan * [[Hong Kong Disneyland Resort]] * [[Shanghai Disneyland Park]] in China Disney once owned the [[sports]] teams, the [[Anaheim Angels|Angels]] ([[baseball]]) and the [[Anaheim Mighty Ducks|Mighty Ducks]] ([[ice hockey]]), both based in [[Anaheim, California]]. These teams were later sold to other people. ===Disney Enterprises Inc.=== '''Disney Enterprises Inc.''' is a [[subsidiary]] of the company; the name is found in many of its [[Franchising|franchises]]. === Media Networks === The [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] [[television]] network, which Disney bought in 1995, serves as the center of this unit. [[Cable television]] channels within it include [[Disney Channel]], [[Disney XD]], [[ESPN]], [[ESPN on ABC]], [[Freeform]],and [[PBS]] (which Disney's ABC owns the Public TV network). It also partly owns Lifetime, A&E and E!. [[Buena Vista Television]], responsible for the [[syndication]] of many Disney series, produces some of its own as well: ''[[Tamron Hall]]'', ''[[The View]]'', ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire]]'', ''[[Live with Regis and Kelly]]'', and ''[[Ebert & Roeper]]''. === Consumer Products === [[Merchandising]] and [[licensing]] within the company are overseen in this division. [[Disney Publishing Worldwide]], part of this unit, has Disney Press, Disney Editions and Hyperion Books as its [[Trademark|brands]]. It once owned the [[Disney Store]] [[shopping]] chain until 2004, when it sold all the stores to [[The Children's Place]]. ==History== * 1923: Disney is founded * 1925: First appearance of [[Pegleg Pete]] cartoon, ''[[Alice Solves the Puzzle]]'' * 1928: First [[Mickey Mouse]] cartoon, ''[[Airplane|Plane]] Crazy'' * 1928: First appearance of [[Minnie Mouse]] cartoon, ''Plane Crazy'' * 1928: First official Mickey Mouse cartoon, ''Steamboat Willie'' * 1929: Start of the ''[[Silly Symphonies]]'': ''The [[Skeleton]] Dance'' * 1929: First Silly Symphony episode, ''The Skeleton Dance'' * 1930: First appearance of [[Pluto]] cartoon, ''[[The Chain Gang]]'' * 1932: First appearance of [[Goofy]] cartoon, ''[[Mickey's Revue]]'' ([[Columbia Pictures]] Studios) * 1932: First full-colour cartoon, ''Flowers and Trees'' * 1933: First appearance of [[Fifi the Peke]] cartoons, ''[[Puppy Love]]'' * 1933: First Donald Duck Theme Music #1, ''[[The Steeplechase]]'' * 1933: First [[Pluto's Devil]] cartoons, ''Mickey's Pal Pluto'' * 1933: First [[Pluto's Angel]] cartoons, ''Mickey's Pal Pluto'' * 1934: First Walt Disney segment, ''The Hot Choco-Late Soldiers'' * 1934: First [[Donald Duck]] cartoon, ''The Wise Little [[Hen]]'' * 1937: First [[Daisy Duck]] cartoon, ''[[Don Donald]]'' * 1937: First [[Pluto, Jr.]] cartoons. ''[[Pluto's Quin-Puplets]]'' * 1937: First full-length animated movie, ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' * 1938: First [[Huey, Dewey and Louie]] cartoons, ''[[Donald's Nephews]]'' * 1939: First Goofy episode, ''[[Goofy and Wilbur]]'' * 1939: First Mickey Mouse Theme #1, ''[[The Standard Parade]]'' * 1940: First Disney movie failed at the box office, ''[[Pinocchio (1940 movie)|Pinocchio]]'' * 1940: First Pluto episode, ''[[Bone Trouble]]'' * 1940: First Donald Duck Theme #2, ''Window Cleaners'' * 1940: First Goofy Theme #1, ''[[Goofy's Glider]]'' * 1940: First Pluto #1, ''[[Private Parate]]'' * 1940: Studio moves to [[Burbank, California]] * 1940: Fantasia's debut * 1941: Dumbo's debut * 1942: Bambi's debut * 1942: First [[P.J.]] cartoons, ''[[Bellboy Donald]]'' * 1943: First [[Scrooge McDuck]] cartoons, ''[[The Spirit of '43]]'' * 1943: First [[Chip 'n' Dale]] cartoons, ''[[Private Pluto]]'' * 1944: First Pluto Theme #2, ''[[Springtime for Pluto]]'' * 1945: First [[Netherlands|Dutch]] cartoons, ''[[Canine Casanova]]'' * 1946: ''[[Song of the South]]''{{'}}s [[debut]] * 1947: First Pluto Theme #3, ''[[Pluto's Housewarming]]'' * 1947: First Donald Duck Theme #3, ''[[Donald's Dilemma]]'' * 1947: First Mickey Mouse #2, ''[[Mickey's Delayed Date]]'' * 1950: Cinderella's debut * 1950: First Goofy Theme #2, ''[[Motor Mania]]'' * 1954: [[Walt Disney anthology series]] starts * 1955: [[Disneyland]] opens in [[Anaheim, California]] * 1955: First [[widescreen]] cartoon, ''[[Lady and the Tramp]]'' * 1964: Mary Poppins becomes the first Disney movie to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] * 1966: [[Walt Disney]] dies; his brother [[Roy Disney|Roy]] takes over the studio * 1967: Last animated movie from producer Walt Disney, ''[[The Jungle Book (1967 movie)|The Jungle Book]]'' * 1971: [[Walt Disney World]] opens in [[Orlando, Florida]] * 1979: [[Don Bluth]] and friends leave the studio * 1979: ''[[The Black Hole]]'', Disney's first [[MPAA|PG]] movie, is a failure with [[critic]]s. * 1981: Disney's last movie that has any of the Nine Old Men as the animators: ''[[The Fox and the Hound]]'' * 1983: [[Disney Channel]] is launched * 1984: [[Touchstone Pictures]] starts with ''[[Splash]]'' * 1984: Michael Eisner became the CEO of Disney * 1984: [[Disney Television Animation]] is founded * 1985: Disney's first animated movie that was rated PG: ''[[The Black Cauldron (movie)|The Black Cauldron]]'' * 1985: Disney's first two animated series for television ''The Adventures of the Gummi Bears'' and ''The Wuzzles'' premiere on NBC and CBS’ Saturday Morning lineups. * 1987: Disney animated television series ''DuckTales'' * 1988: Who framed Roger Rabbit's debut * 1988: DisneyToons Studios opens * 1989: ''[[The Little Mermaid (1989 movie)|The Little Mermaid]]'' brings new life in the [[animation]] division as well as the genre; studio gets its first [[Academy Award|Oscar]] in eighteen years for this movie * 1990: [[Hollywood Pictures]] starts with ''[[Arachnophobia (movie)|Arachnophobia]]'' * 1991: ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 movie)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' becomes the first animated movie to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] * 1992: Disney releases ''Aladdin'' * 1993: The Nightmare Before Christmas's debut * 1993: Disney buys the [[Miramax]] movie studio. * 1994: Studio president Frank Wells was killed in a helicopter crash * 1994: [[The Lion King]] is released. It becomes the highest grossing hand drawn animated movie of all time. * 1994: Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns from Disney. * 1995: First [[Pixar]] movie, ''[[Toy Story]]'' * 1996: Disney acquires [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC) and [[ESPN]] * 2001: Disney Channel television series ''Lizzie McGuire'' * 2001: First [[Pixar]] movie that was nominated for Best Animated Feature, Monsters Inc. * 2003: First [[Pixar]] movie that won an Oscar for Best Animated Feature, Finding Nemo * 2003: ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' becomes studio's first family movie with a rating of [[MPAA|PG-13]] * 2004: Disney acquired [[The Muppets|the Muppets franchise]] from [[The Jim Henson Company|Henson]] * 2004: ''[[Home on the Range (2004 movie)|Home on the Range]]'' is Disney's last traditionally animated movie to use CAPS * 2004: First [[Pixar]] movie that is rated PG, The Incredibles * 2005: Disneyland celebrates fiftieth [[birthday]] * 2005: Michael Eisner resigns from Disney. He was replaced by Bob Iger. * 2005:The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe's debut * 2005: First self-made [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] movie, ''[[Chicken Little (2005 movie)|Chicken Little]]'' * 2009: Up becomes the first Pixar animated feature to be nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] * 2009: Disney buys comic book publisher [[Marvel Comics]] for 4 billion US dollars. * 2010: Disney sells one of its movie studios, [[Miramax Films]], to Filmyard Holdings. * 2012: Disney buys movie studio [[Lucasfilm]] for 4 billion US dollars. * 2013: Disney releases ''Frozen'', which becomes the studio's first non-Pixar movie to win an Oscar for Best Animated Feature. * 2016: Disney releases ''Moana''. * 2018: DisneyToon Studios was closed down * 2018: John Lasseter left Disney * 2018: [[Touchstone Pictures]] was closed down * 2019: Disney acquired [[21st Century Fox]]’s assets * 2019: Ed Catmull retires * 2019: Disney creates their own streaming service, [[Disney+]] (including [[Pixar]], [[Marvel Comics]] and [[Star Wars]]) in November 2019. * 2020: Bob Iger resigns as the CEO of Disney. He was replaced by Bob Chapek as CEO. * 2021: Disney closes its radio station, [[Radio Disney]]. * 2021: [[Disney+]] creates Disney Channel and Disney XD outside of the US, which has Disney movies and television programs for kids. * 2021: The Walt Disney Company Latin America rebrands all the channels with the Disney name in Latin America, to Disney-PBS. * 2022: The Walt Disney Company Latin America closes Star Premium in January 31st, 2022. * 2022: Bob Chapek got fired, and Bob Iger returned as a CEO of Disney. * 2023: Disney celebrates the 100th Anniversary. *2026: Bob Iger resigns, and hands over position to Josh D'Amaro ==Disney+== {{main article|Disney+}} On November 12, 2019, Disney launched their own streaming service, [[Disney+]]. The platform features almost all of their cartoons, short movies, movies and TV shows along with those made by properties bought by Disney, such as Disney, [[The Muppets]], [[Pixar]], [[Lucasfilm]], and [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]]. It also features original content, such as several [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]] and [[Star Wars]] programs. ==Related pages== * [[Walt Disney Pictures]] * [[List of Disney animated movies]] * [[List of Disney characters]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|The Walt Disney Company}} * [http://www.disney.com The Official Site] * [http://corporate.disney.go.com/index.html?ppLink=pp_wdig Corporate Site] * {{Official website|www.thewaltdisneycompany.com|mobile=http://m.thewaltdisneycompany.com/|name=Corporate website}} * {{Official website|http://disney.com|name=Disney.com}} {{Disney}} {{Walt Disney Studios}} {{DisneyConsumer}} {{movie studios}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walt Disney Company, The}} [[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles]] [[Category:Companies based in California]] [[Category:The Walt Disney Company| ]] dy7rsvs33s4gxvg6okcu3966q62gr9q 0 13448 10882418 10806303 2026-06-09T15:54:45Z ~2026-34040-87 1819157 correction d'erreur 10882418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Malaria | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | Image = Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg | Caption = Malaria is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Malaria | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} '''Malaria''' is an [[infectious disease]] caused by a [[parasite]], known as [[plasmodium]]. It is one of the most common diseases in the world. Every year it infects hundreds of millions of people and kills hundreds of thousands..<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Malaria Report 2011|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564403|access-date=2025-03-31|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Malaria is produced by four [[species]] of the [[protozoan]] parasite '''Plasmodium''', which is [[endemic]] in many [[tropics|tropical]] countries. It is spread by the bite of an infected [[mosquito]]. When the parasite enters a person's blood, it causes an infection that can be deadly. ==Epidemiology== Malaria cases declined until the mid-1970s. In the 1950s there were 75 million cases of malaria; in the 1960s, there were only 0.1 million.{{fact|date=March 2025}} However, it staged a comeback in the mid-1970s, causing 6.47 million cases in 1976.{{fact|date=March 2025}} This increase resulted from several factors - for example, many mosquitoes became resistant to commonly used [[insecticide]]s. According to 2011 estimates from the [[World Health Organization]], between 194 million and 365 million people get malaria each year. Of these, around 655,000 people die from the disease. This [[average]]s out to one malaria death every minute. Today, around 90% of people who get malaria live in [[Africa]]. However, malaria is endemic and sub-endemic to many parts of the world. For example, 80% of the [[India]]n [[population]] lives in malaria risk areas.{{fact|date=March 2025}} However, in India, the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP), started in 1958, achieved near complete disappearance of the disease in 1960s (from 75 million cases in 1950s to 0.1 million cases in 1960s). ==Biology== The parasite that causes malaria is a parasite called ''Plasmodium.'' Protozoa are [[organism]]s with only one [[cell]], but they are not [[bacteria]]. Bacteria are smaller and simpler than protozoans. People usually get malaria from the ''[[Anopheles]]'' or [https://www.healthtipsagency.com/2018/09/malaria-symptomas-tratment-and-prevention.html ''Culex'' mosquitoes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228001032/https://www.healthtipsagency.com/2018/09/malaria-symptomas-tratment-and-prevention.html |date=2019-02-28 }}: they are the [[Vector (biology)|vector]]s of the disease. The ''Plasmodium'' lives in the mosquito's special [[saliva]].<ref>Saliva is moisture, or spit, made in the mouth.</ref> When any mosquito bites a person, it injects an [[anticoagulant]] into the person to prevent their [[Coagulation|blood from clotting]]. If the mosquito has ''Plasmodium'' in its saliva, it transmits the parasite to the human along with the anticoagulant. Toes consume [[blood]] as a source of [[protein]] for their eggs. However, male mosquitoes live on the [[nectar]] of [[Flower|flowers]]. Because of this, only female mosquitoes transmit malaria. Malaria usually results from mosquito bites. However, there are other methods of transmission. A [[fetus]] can get malaria from its mother. (This is called [[vertical transmission]] or maternal-fetal transmission.) People can also get malaria from a [[blood transfusion]]. In addition, a person can get malaria if they use a [[needle]] that someone with the disease used before them. == Malaria parasite life cycle == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Malaria parasite life cycle-NIAID.jpg | width1 = 200 | caption1 = '''Malaria life cycle''' In humans, after being bitten by an infected mosquito the malaria parasites first infects the liver. At this stage there are no symptoms. <br /> The red blood cells are infected next, at this stage symptoms of malaria appear. <br /> When an uninfected mosquito bites an infected human they become infected and continue the cycle. | image2 = Red blood cell infected with malaria parasites-NIAID RML.jpg | width2 = 158 | caption2 ='''Malaria infected red blood cell'''Colorized electron [[micrograph]] of red blood cell infected with malaria parasites (blue). <br /> The small bumps on the infected cell show how the parasite remodels its host cell. Uninfected cells (red) have smoother surfaces. Credit: NIAID/RML }} There are several [[species]] (kinds) of ''Plasmodium'' that cause malaria in humans: * ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]''<ref>[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ WHO &#124; Malaria]</ref> causes the most severe disease and kills the most people * ''Plasmodium malariae,'' ''Plasmodium ovale,'' and ''Plasmodium vivax'' cause milder disease * ''Plasmodium knowesli'' usually affects non-human [[Primate|primates]] ''P. vivax'' and ''P. falciparum'' cause most malaria cases in humans. When ''Plasmodium'' enters the blood, it is in the form of sporozoites. The sporozoites travel to the [[liver]], where they make more sporozoites. Then they change into a different form of ''Plasmodium'' called merozoites. The merozoites enter the [[red blood cell]]s, then multiply. The merozoites break out of the red blood cells again and again. When they do this, the person gets very sick, and shows symptoms of malaria. This happens every few days, and is called a paroxysm. ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' can survive in the liver for a long time. A person can look well, but still have the ''Plasmodium'' in their liver. This is called a ''dormant phase''. Weeks or months later, the ''Plasmodium'' can travel from the liver to the blood, and the person will get sick again. ''P. falciparum'' is the most dangerous type of malaria. It multiplies more quickly in the blood, so because there are more merezoites, it makes people sicker. Also, with ''falciparum'' malaria, the red blood cells are sticky and block [[blood vessel]]s. When a blood vessel is blocked, it cannot bring blood and [[oxygen]] to that part of the body. This can hurt that part of the body and cause organ damage. {{clear}} == Who is affected by malaria == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Malaria-endemic countries western hemisphere CDC.jpg | width1 = 120 | caption1 = '''Malaria western hemisphere''' | image2 = Malaria-endemic countries eastern hemisphere-CDC.png | width2 = 259 | caption2 ='''Malaria eastern hemisphere''' }} Children and pregnant woman are worst affected by malaria. When they get malaria, they often get sicker than other people. 40% of people live in a place where there is malaria. These areas are: * [[Africa]] * [[Asia]] (mostly in India, the [[Middle East]], and [[Southeast Asia]]) * [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] * [[Hispaniola]] * [[Eastern Europe]] * [[South Pacific]] (the part of the [[Pacific Ocean]] south of the [[equator]]) Every year, 300 to 700 million people get malaria. It kills 1 million to 2 million people every year. Most of the people who die from malaria are children. Even if children do not die, many have [[brain]] damage. Many of these deaths might be stopped with medicine or mosquito control. But many of the places malaria may be found are in poor countries. These countries do not have enough money to stop the mosquitoes, or to give people medicine. Money, however, is not the only problem. A country must have an organised medical system to provide services. Many countries in central Africa have been disrupted by [[war]]fare and [[conflict]] between groups, and general unrest. Also, easy solutions to kill the parasites do not exist as they did 50 years ago. This is because the insects are resistant to many [[insecticide]]s, and the ''Plasmodium'' parasite is highly resistant to [[quinine]] and most other common drugs. This is a normal [[evolution]]ary process: the chemicals weed out the non-resistant organisms, and the offspring of the few resistant organisms multiply. == Signs and symptoms of malaria == [[File:Jaundice eye.jpg|thumb|'''Jaundice'''. Malaria can cause ''jaundice'', which causes the skin and the white areas of the eyes (''sclerae'') to turn orange-yellow. This is caused by ''hyperbilirubinemia'' - too much bilirubin in the blood.<ref>Mishra SK, Mohapatra S, Mohanty S. Jaundice in Falciparum Malaria. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine � Vol. 4, No. 1 �January-March 2003 [http://medind.nic.in/jac/t03/i1/jact03i1p12.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007204257/http://medind.nic.in/jac/t03/i1/jact03i1p12.pdf|date=2009-10-07}}</ref> Bilirubin is a pigment which results when the body breaks down old red blood cells.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Farne| first1 = Hugo| last2 = Norris-Cervetto| first2 = Edward| last3 = Warbrick-Smith| first3 = James| title = Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery| url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcasesinmed0000farn| year = 2010| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-956052-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcasesinmed0000farn/page/270 270] }}</ref>]] Symptoms are changes in someone's body that are signs for a disease. Most people who get malaria get symptoms 10–30 days after they get infected (the ''Plasmodium'' gets in their blood.) But some people can get symptoms after only a week, and some may be infected with malaria and not have symptoms for a year. The most common symptom of malaria is [[fever]], when the body temperature is high. The fever from malaria usually comes very suddenly. The people who have malaria often feel like they had [[influenza]]. Symptoms of malaria are: * Arthralgia (pain in [[joint]]s) * [[Headache]] (pain in head) * Feeling very tired or sleepy * Cough * Chills (feeling very cold) * [[Delirium]] (when people are very confused because of a disease. They may look drunk. They may not be able to talk.) * [[Coma]] (when people are not [[consciousness|conscious]]. They look like they are asleep, but they cannot be woken.) Signs of malaria: * [[Anemia]] (low [[red blood cell]] levels in the blood) * [[Diarrhea]] * [[Jaundice]] (yellow skin and eyes) * [[Sweat]]ing * [[Vomit]]ing * Fast [[heart]] rate * Low [[blood pressure]] * Enlarged organs. When something becomes enlarged or BIGGER than normal the word often ends in -megaly. ** Hepatomegaly -enlarged [[liver]], splenomegaly - enlarged [[spleen]], or both hepatosplenomegaly. When these organs become enlarged it may cause pain in the [[Right upper quadrant (abdomen)|right upper quadrant of the abdomen]]. == Complications from malaria == Complications are problems that happen because of a disease. Pregnant women and young children have more complications. People who get malaria for the first time have more complications. ''Falciparum'' malaria has the most complications. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; margin:1em; margin-top:0; margin:auto; width:100%;" |- ! style="background:#E0EAEA;color:black;" colspan="3"|<span style="padding:0 2em;">Complications of malaria</span> |- | Complications of malaria are: * Cerebral malaria (brain malaria) ** To have cerebral malaria, the following must be present: *** ''P. falciparum'' in the blood. *** Coma, many [[seizure]]s, or long delirium *** If no treatment is given, death often occurs. *** Even if treatment is given, 15%-20% of people with it die. * Seizures (if ''only'' one seizure happens it is not cerebral malaria) * Damage to the [[brain]] * Blackwater fever ** Many red blood cells break open and the [[hemoglobin]] in the cells gets into the blood. ** This hemoglobin is put in the urine and makes it look very dark. ** Without the right care this can make the [[kidney]]s stop working. * Pulmonary oedema ** This is fluid in the lungs that makes it hard to breathe. ** Pregnant women get this much more. ** 80% of people who get this complication die. * Very low blood sugar ** Children and pregnant women get this more. ** This can cause people to look like they are drunk or to be in a coma. * Hemolysis ** This means breakdown of red blood cells. ** It can cause blackwater fever, [[jaundice]], and symptoms of [[anemia]]. * Coagulopathy (not being able to stop bleeding) |} == Diagnosis == [[File:Malaria rapid diagnostic test 3.jpg|thumb|right|'''Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)''' being used in [[Kenya]]. RDT takes abou 20&nbsp;minutes to produce a malaria diagnosis. It is useful in areas where laboratory testing is not available, it is not however foolproof.<ref>Moody A. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Jan;15(1):66-78. PMID 11781267</ref>]] <table border="0" style="background:#ffe; float:right; width:370px;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3"> <caption>'''Malaria microscopy'''</caption> <tr><td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"> [[File:Malaria microscopy.jpg|180px]] </td> <td>[[File: Blood film 01.jpg|162px]] </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[File:Malaria parasites in blood smear.jpg|162px]]<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">A technician looks for the malaria parasite in [[blood film]]s (blood smears). </td> <td valign="top">Microscopic view of malaria parasites in a blood smear. Arrows point to infected red blood cells.</td></tr> </table> === Clinical diagnosis === A clinical diagnosis is based on the [[Signs and symptoms (medicine)|signs and symptoms]] of a disease, it is a diagnosis made without medical testing. In the case of malaria one of the main symptoms which may lead to a clinical diagnosis of malaria is a fever. Any clinical diagnosis of malaria should be confirmed by a trained professional based upon laboratory results as soon as it is possible.<ref>Pfeiffer K. ''et al.'' 2008. Clinical diagnosis of malaria and the risk of chloroquine self-medication in rural health centres in Burkina Faso. ''Tropical Medicine & International Health''. '''13''': 418–426. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02017.x PMID 18397402</ref> === Malaria rapid diagnostic test === A Malaria rapid diagnostic test is a [[blood test]] which can confirm a diagnosis of malaria in about twenty minutes. RDTs are not foolproof and have a number of drawbacks, and as such a negative rapid diagnostic test should not be accepted at face-value and follow-up with malaria microscopy is necessary. === Malaria microscopy === To see if patients have malaria, doctors may do a blood test. This test is called a ''Giemsa blood smear''. Blood is put on a slide which is a thin piece of glass. The ''Giemsa'' stain is put on the slide. This stain helps doctors see the malaria. Then they look at the slide under a [[microscope]]. The ''Plasmodium'' is seen in the [[red blood cell]]s. == Consequences == Malaria is one of the leading causes of the ruin of families and entire lives around the world. Malaria does not only affect children, who are its primary victims, but also claims the lives of many parents. The death of a parent deeply weakens the family, leading to loss of income, children dropping out of school, long-term poverty, and many other much more serious consequences. Thus, this disease causes not only human suffering but also large-scale social disruption.<ref name="ref_cdc_gov_malaria_2025">{{lien web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/impact/index.html|website=cdc.gov|date=2025-05-01|consulté le=2025-10-13}}</ref><ref name="ref_university_of_chicago_dark_passage_2025">{{lien web|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/723598|website=The University of Chicago|date=2025-10-13|consulté le=2025-10-13}}</ref> == Treatment == [[File:Mefloquine-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia.jpg|thumb|160px|'''Drug resistant malaria'''Malaria [[evolves]] [[resistance to antibiotics|resistance to anti-malarial drugs]]. The map shows areas in SE Asia where the drug ''Mefloquine'' no longer works]] People with different kinds of malaria need different medicines. The medicine that works for one kind of malaria may not for another kind. So it is very important to know which [[species]] of ''Plasmodium'' the person has. If the species is not known, the person should be given medicine and care like they have ''falciparum'' malaria {{ndash}} the worst kind. It is also important to know ''where'' the person got malaria. ''Plasmodium'' in some places is resistant to some medicines. So the medicines to treat malaria in Africa are different from the medicines to treat malaria from South America. === Treatment of malaria other than ''falciparum'' === Everywhere except [[New Guinea]], the treatment is the same. In New Guinea most ''P. vivax'' is resistant to ''chloroquine''. It can be treated with [[quinine]], but this medicine can make people sick. Everywhere else, non-''falciparum'' malaria is treated with chloroquine. Chloroquine kills the ''Plasmodium'' in the blood. But the ''Plasmodium'' in the liver is not killed by chloroquine. ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' both stay in the liver a ''long'' time. This is the ''dormant phase''. Another medicine must be given with chloroquine for ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale''. This is to kill the ''Plasmodium'' in the liver. The medicine used to kill malaria in the liver is ''primaquine''. In southeast Asia, some ''P. vivax'' is resistant to primaquine. Most other places, ''primaquine'' works very well. Some people get very sick from ''primaquine''. So people have to be tested to see if they have G6PD-deficiency before they take ''primaquine''. === Treatment of ''falciparum'' malaria === Falciparum is the worst kind of malaria. People with ''falciparum'' malaria should be treated in a [[hospital]] if they are: * Very sick * [[Child|Children]] * [[Pregnant]] * Sick with malaria for the first time * Not able to take medicines by mouth Even people who are treated with medicines at home should stay with the doctor for 8&nbsp;hours. This is to make sure they do not get sicker. It also makes sure they can take the medicines by mouth. Malaria does not start to become a life-threatening disease until it has been a couple of weeks after the bite without being treated. ''Falciparum'' malaria also has more resistance to medicines. This makes it much harder to treat. ''Falciparum'' malaria is always treated with two or more medicines. Doctors choose the medicines by where in the world the person got malaria. Different places have ''P. falciparum'' that is resistant to different medicines. The most important resistance is chloroquine-resistance. In some places in the world, ''P. falciparum'' is killed by chloroquine. In some places it is chloroquine-resistant. This means chloroquine does not kill it. In these places quinine can be used. Quinine is taken by mouth. == How to prevent malaria == [[File:Malaria prevention-Insecticide treated bed net-PMI.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) helps reduce the risk of getting malaria. Only pyrethroid insecticides are approved for use on ITNs. These are man-made pesticides similar to the natural pesticide pyrethrum, made by [[chrysanthemum]] flowers]] There are three ways to prevent malaria: * Control mosquitoes * Keep mosquitoes from biting * Take medicine to keep from getting sick after a bite, especially in those parts of the world where people get malaria. === Control mosquitoes === [[File:Oxfam East Africa - Clearing drainage ditches.jpg | thumb|right |250px|Clearing drainage ditches in Kenya]] [[File:Anopheles larve.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'''Anopheles larvae''' The anopheles mosquito lays eggs in stagnant water]] ''[[Vector]] control'' is one way to stop malaria. Vector means an [[organism]] that carries an [[infectious disease]] to another organism. For malaria, the vector is the ''Anopheles'' mosquito. The most used method of vector control is [[pesticide]]s. These are chemicals that kill the mosquito. The first pesticide used for vector control was [[DDT]]. DDT worked very well for vector control. It killed mosquitoes. It did not make people very sick at the time it was used. It did not cost very much money. Other chemicals for vector control had not been invented yet. In many places mosquitoes became resistant to DDT. This meant that DDT did not work anymore in these areas. Scientists worried that DDT was making people and animals sick. It killed a lot of wildlife too. DDT also stays in the [[environment]] for a long time. For these reasons, people mostly use other chemicals for vector control. ''Organophosphate'' or ''carbonate'' pesticides are used, like ''malathion'' or ''bendiocarb''. Vector control is not the only way to stop malaria. And DDT is not the only chemical that can be used for vector control. The best way to stop malaria is to use a combination of methods. In some places, DDT may be a useful part of a program to stop malaria. This is why DDT is still allowed to be used for controlling malaria. === Keeping mosquitoes from biting === The mosquito that carries malaria comes more at dawn (when the sun comes up) and dusk (when the sun goes down.) Be most careful at these times. Wear long trousers and shirts with long sleeves. Wear mosquito repellent (this is a [[chemical]] that mosquitoes do not like, so they do not bite.) Mosquitoes will bite through thin cloth. So repellent should be used on skin ''and clothes''. Pesticides can be used in rooms to kill mosquitoes. When sleeping outside, people use a mosquito net. This is made from cloth that air can go through but keeps mosquitoes out. It is put over a bed where people sleep to keep mosquitoes out. Sometimes people also use it when they are not sleeping. It is best to use mosquito nets that have been treated with Permethrin, which repels and kills mosquitoes. === Taking medicine to not get sick === People can take medicine when they are in a place where there is malaria. This reduces the chances that they contract malaria. This is called ''[[prophylaxis]]''. Some people take prophylactic medicines for years. Many people in areas where there is malaria do not have the money to buy this medicine. People who live where there is no malaria usually have ''not'' had malaria. The first case malaria is usually much worse. So people from places where there is no malaria may take prophylactic medicines when they go to places where there is malaria. The kind of prophylactic medicines people take depends on where they are. This is because not all medicines work on the malaria in every place. To make them work best, prophylactic medicines have to be taken the right way. The medicine should start ''before'' going to an area with malaria. Most medicines should be taken for 4 weeks after coming home. One medicine (Malarone) only needs to be used for ''one'' week after coming home. == Resistance to malaria == There are some children in [[Tanzania]] who are naturally [[immune]] to malaria. Researchers are using this to develop a new [[vaccine]]. U.S. researchers have found the children produce an [[antibody]] which attacks the malaria-causing parasite. Injecting a form of this antibody into [[mice]] protected the animals from the disease. The researchers plan to do tests on [[primate]]s, including humans.<ref>Morelle, Rebecca 2014. Immune children aid malaria vaccine hunt. ''BBC News'' Science & Environment. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27522950 Immune children aid malaria vaccine hunt - BBC News]</ref> == History == [[File:"Don't go to Bed with Malaria Mosquito" - NARA - 514146.tif|thumb|World War Two era poster.]] It was Britain's [[Ronald Ross|Sir Ronald Ross]], working in the Presidency General Hospital in [[the Kolkata]], who finally proved in 1898 that malaria is transmitted by ''[[anopheles]]'' mosquitoes.<ref>In 1897 according to Cox F.E.G. 2010. History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors. ''Parasites & Vectors'' '''3''':5 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825508/ History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors]</ref><ref>The history of malaria, an ancient disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - History]</ref> He did this by showing that certain mosquito species transmit malaria to birds. He isolated malaria parasites from the salivary glands of mosquitoes that had fed on infected birds.<ref>{{cite web| title = Biography of Ronald Ross | publisher = The Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html | accessdate = 2007-06-15}}</ref> For this work, Ross received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Medicine. After resigning from the Indian Medical Service, Ross worked at the newly established Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and directed malaria-control efforts in [[Egypt]], [[Panama]], [[Greece]] and [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Ross and the discovery that mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites| work = CDC Malaria website | url = https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm | accessdate = 2007-06-15 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070602185153/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm |archivedate = June 2, 2007}}</ref> The findings of Finlay and Ross were later confirmed by a medical board headed by [[Walter Reed]] in 1900. Its recommendations were used during construction of the [[Panama Canal]]. This public-health work saved the lives of thousands of workers and helped develop the methods used in future public-health campaigns against the disease. The first effective treatment for malaria came from the bark of [[Cinchona|cinchona tree]], which contains [[quinine]]. This tree grows on the slopes of the [[Andes]], mainly in [[Peru]]. The [[indigenous peoples]] of Peru made a tincture of cinchona to control malaria. The [[Jesuit]]s noted the efficacy of the practice and introduced the treatment to Europe during the 1640s, where it was rapidly accepted.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kaufman T, Rúveda E | title = The quest for quinine: those who won the battles and those who won the war | journal = Angew Chem Int Ed Engl | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 854–85 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15669029 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200400663 | issn = 1433-7851 }}</ref> It was not until 1820 that the active ingredient, quinine, was extracted from the bark, isolated and named by French chemists.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kyle R, Shampe M |title=Discoverers of quinine |journal=JAMA |volume=229 |issue=4 | pages = e320 |year=1974 |pmid=4600403 | doi = 10.1001/jama.229.4.462|doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 }}</ref> In the early 20th century, before [[antibiotics]] became available, [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] discovered that patients with [[syphilis]] could be treated by intentionally infecting them with malaria. The resulting fever would kill the syphilis [[spirochaete]]s, and [[quinine]] could be administered to control the malaria. Although some patients died from malaria, this was preferable to the almost-certain death from syphilis.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Raju T | title = Hot brains: manipulating body heat to save the brain | doi= 10.1542/peds.2005-1934 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = e320–1 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16452338 | s2cid = 21411790 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/117/2/e320}}</ref> In the twentieth century between 2% and 5% of all deaths were from malaria.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kuper|first=Simon|date=2023-07-20|title=It may not feel like it, but the planet has many reasons to be cheerful|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56322962-fd09-467a-8395-61ae1b41813e?xnpe_tifc=4fh.xDbZxfxD4.P_OfYJh9pJVdUZMds_O.opOfYp4f4utI4shI1A4kPshCJNhkHDtIU_OFbXhFs.xke.OMpNx.Luh.huxuxDb.xlbfbJ&utm_source=exponea&utm_campaign=B2C%20%7C%20Subs%20%7C%20Weekend%20Campaign%20%7C%20Manual%20%7C%20220723%20%7C%20Test%20A%20(Control)&utm_medium=email|access-date=2023-07-22}}</ref> Malaria was the largest hazard encountered by U.S. troops in the South Pacific during [[World War II]], where about 500,000 men were infected.<ref>{{cite book| last = Bray| first = R.S.| title = Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=djPWGnvBm08C&pg=PA102| year = 2004| publisher = James Clarke & Co.| isbn = 978-0-227-17240-7| page = 102 }}</ref> Sixty thousand American soldiers died of malaria during the North African and South Pacific campaigns.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&pg=PA383 Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues: A-M]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Joseph Patrick Byrne 2008. p383 {{ISBN|978-0-313-34102-1}}</ref> == Related pages == * ''[[Plasmodium]]'' * [[Antibiotic resistance]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.uvmedicine.store/2020/06/side-effects-of-malaria-drugs-all-drugs.html malarial drugs side effect] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622102846/https://www.uvmedicine.store/2020/06/side-effects-of-malaria-drugs-all-drugs.html |date=2020-06-22 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqRuSwZey_U Video: Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite in the Mosquito] * [http://mosquito.who.int/malariacontrol WHO malaria information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106133608/http://mosquito.who.int/malariacontrol |date=2006-01-06 }} * [https://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ US Centers for Disease Control: Malaria] * [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000621.htm Medline Plus about malaria] {{authority control}} [[Category:Diseases spread by insects]] [[Category:Apicomplexa]] [[Category:Diseases caused by protozoa]] [[Category:Diseases caused by parasites]] 6mj3at0o89kt5hujojk1z4lb2sfx9hd 10882421 10882418 2026-06-09T15:56:57Z ~2026-34040-87 1819157 10882421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Malaria | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | Image = Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg | Caption = Malaria is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Malaria | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} '''Malaria''' is an [[infectious disease]] caused by a [[parasite]], known as [[plasmodium]]. It is one of the most common diseases in the world. Every year it infects hundreds of millions of people and kills hundreds of thousands..<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Malaria Report 2011|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564403|access-date=2025-03-31|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Malaria is produced by four [[species]] of the [[protozoan]] parasite '''Plasmodium''', which is [[endemic]] in many [[tropics|tropical]] countries. It is spread by the bite of an infected [[mosquito]]. When the parasite enters a person's blood, it causes an infection that can be deadly. ==Epidemiology== Malaria cases declined until the mid-1970s. In the 1950s there were 75 million cases of malaria; in the 1960s, there were only 0.1 million.{{fact|date=March 2025}} However, it staged a comeback in the mid-1970s, causing 6.47 million cases in 1976.{{fact|date=March 2025}} This increase resulted from several factors - for example, many mosquitoes became resistant to commonly used [[insecticide]]s. According to 2011 estimates from the [[World Health Organization]], between 194 million and 365 million people get malaria each year. Of these, around 655,000 people die from the disease. This [[average]]s out to one malaria death every minute. Today, around 90% of people who get malaria live in [[Africa]]. However, malaria is endemic and sub-endemic to many parts of the world. For example, 80% of the [[India]]n [[population]] lives in malaria risk areas.{{fact|date=March 2025}} However, in India, the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP), started in 1958, achieved near complete disappearance of the disease in 1960s (from 75 million cases in 1950s to 0.1 million cases in 1960s). ==Fuh Israhell== The parasite that causes malaria is a parasite called ''Plasmodium.'' Protozoa are [[organism]]s with only one [[cell]], but they are not [[bacteria]]. Bacteria are smaller and simpler than protozoans. People usually get malaria from the ''[[Anopheles]]'' or [https://www.healthtipsagency.com/2018/09/malaria-symptomas-tratment-and-prevention.html ''Culex'' mosquitoes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228001032/https://www.healthtipsagency.com/2018/09/malaria-symptomas-tratment-and-prevention.html |date=2019-02-28 }}: they are the [[Vector (biology)|vector]]s of the disease. The ''Plasmodium'' lives in the mosquito's special [[saliva]].<ref>Saliva is moisture, or spit, made in the mouth.</ref> When any mosquito bites a person, it injects an [[anticoagulant]] into the person to prevent their [[Coagulation|blood from clotting]]. If the mosquito has ''Plasmodium'' in its saliva, it transmits the parasite to the human along with the anticoagulant. Toes consume [[blood]] as a source of [[protein]] for their eggs. However, male mosquitoes live on the [[nectar]] of [[Flower|flowers]]. Because of this, only female mosquitoes transmit malaria. Malaria usually results from mosquito bites. However, there are other methods of transmission. A [[fetus]] can get malaria from its mother. (This is called [[vertical transmission]] or maternal-fetal transmission.) People can also get malaria from a [[blood transfusion]]. In addition, a person can get malaria if they use a [[needle]] that someone with the disease used before them. == Malaria parasite life cycle == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Malaria parasite life cycle-NIAID.jpg | width1 = 200 | caption1 = '''Malaria life cycle''' In humans, after being bitten by an infected mosquito the malaria parasites first infects the liver. At this stage there are no symptoms. <br /> The red blood cells are infected next, at this stage symptoms of malaria appear. <br /> When an uninfected mosquito bites an infected human they become infected and continue the cycle. | image2 = Red blood cell infected with malaria parasites-NIAID RML.jpg | width2 = 158 | caption2 ='''Malaria infected red blood cell'''Colorized electron [[micrograph]] of red blood cell infected with malaria parasites (blue). <br /> The small bumps on the infected cell show how the parasite remodels its host cell. Uninfected cells (red) have smoother surfaces. Credit: NIAID/RML }} There are several [[species]] (kinds) of ''Plasmodium'' that cause malaria in humans: * ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]''<ref>[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ WHO &#124; Malaria]</ref> causes the most severe disease and kills the most people * ''Plasmodium malariae,'' ''Plasmodium ovale,'' and ''Plasmodium vivax'' cause milder disease * ''Plasmodium knowesli'' usually affects non-human [[Primate|primates]] ''P. vivax'' and ''P. falciparum'' cause most malaria cases in humans. When ''Plasmodium'' enters the blood, it is in the form of sporozoites. The sporozoites travel to the [[liver]], where they make more sporozoites. Then they change into a different form of ''Plasmodium'' called merozoites. The merozoites enter the [[red blood cell]]s, then multiply. The merozoites break out of the red blood cells again and again. When they do this, the person gets very sick, and shows symptoms of malaria. This happens every few days, and is called a paroxysm. ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' can survive in the liver for a long time. A person can look well, but still have the ''Plasmodium'' in their liver. This is called a ''dormant phase''. Weeks or months later, the ''Plasmodium'' can travel from the liver to the blood, and the person will get sick again. ''P. falciparum'' is the most dangerous type of malaria. It multiplies more quickly in the blood, so because there are more merezoites, it makes people sicker. Also, with ''falciparum'' malaria, the red blood cells are sticky and block [[blood vessel]]s. When a blood vessel is blocked, it cannot bring blood and [[oxygen]] to that part of the body. This can hurt that part of the body and cause organ damage. {{clear}} == Who is affected by malaria == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Malaria-endemic countries western hemisphere CDC.jpg | width1 = 120 | caption1 = '''Malaria western hemisphere''' | image2 = Malaria-endemic countries eastern hemisphere-CDC.png | width2 = 259 | caption2 ='''Malaria eastern hemisphere''' }} Children and pregnant woman are worst affected by malaria. When they get malaria, they often get sicker than other people. 40% of people live in a place where there is malaria. These areas are: * [[Africa]] * [[Asia]] (mostly in India, the [[Middle East]], and [[Southeast Asia]]) * [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] * [[Hispaniola]] * [[Eastern Europe]] * [[South Pacific]] (the part of the [[Pacific Ocean]] south of the [[equator]]) Every year, 300 to 700 million people get malaria. It kills 1 million to 2 million people every year. Most of the people who die from malaria are children. Even if children do not die, many have [[brain]] damage. Many of these deaths might be stopped with medicine or mosquito control. But many of the places malaria may be found are in poor countries. These countries do not have enough money to stop the mosquitoes, or to give people medicine. Money, however, is not the only problem. A country must have an organised medical system to provide services. Many countries in central Africa have been disrupted by [[war]]fare and [[conflict]] between groups, and general unrest. Also, easy solutions to kill the parasites do not exist as they did 50 years ago. This is because the insects are resistant to many [[insecticide]]s, and the ''Plasmodium'' parasite is highly resistant to [[quinine]] and most other common drugs. This is a normal [[evolution]]ary process: the chemicals weed out the non-resistant organisms, and the offspring of the few resistant organisms multiply. == Signs and symptoms of malaria == [[File:Jaundice eye.jpg|thumb|'''Jaundice'''. Malaria can cause ''jaundice'', which causes the skin and the white areas of the eyes (''sclerae'') to turn orange-yellow. This is caused by ''hyperbilirubinemia'' - too much bilirubin in the blood.<ref>Mishra SK, Mohapatra S, Mohanty S. Jaundice in Falciparum Malaria. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine � Vol. 4, No. 1 �January-March 2003 [http://medind.nic.in/jac/t03/i1/jact03i1p12.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007204257/http://medind.nic.in/jac/t03/i1/jact03i1p12.pdf|date=2009-10-07}}</ref> Bilirubin is a pigment which results when the body breaks down old red blood cells.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Farne| first1 = Hugo| last2 = Norris-Cervetto| first2 = Edward| last3 = Warbrick-Smith| first3 = James| title = Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery| url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcasesinmed0000farn| year = 2010| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-956052-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcasesinmed0000farn/page/270 270] }}</ref>]] Symptoms are changes in someone's body that are signs for a disease. Most people who get malaria get symptoms 10–30 days after they get infected (the ''Plasmodium'' gets in their blood.) But some people can get symptoms after only a week, and some may be infected with malaria and not have symptoms for a year. The most common symptom of malaria is [[fever]], when the body temperature is high. The fever from malaria usually comes very suddenly. The people who have malaria often feel like they had [[influenza]]. Symptoms of malaria are: * Arthralgia (pain in [[joint]]s) * [[Headache]] (pain in head) * Feeling very tired or sleepy * Cough * Chills (feeling very cold) * [[Delirium]] (when people are very confused because of a disease. They may look drunk. They may not be able to talk.) * [[Coma]] (when people are not [[consciousness|conscious]]. They look like they are asleep, but they cannot be woken.) Signs of malaria: * [[Anemia]] (low [[red blood cell]] levels in the blood) * [[Diarrhea]] * [[Jaundice]] (yellow skin and eyes) * [[Sweat]]ing * [[Vomit]]ing * Fast [[heart]] rate * Low [[blood pressure]] * Enlarged organs. When something becomes enlarged or BIGGER than normal the word often ends in -megaly. ** Hepatomegaly -enlarged [[liver]], splenomegaly - enlarged [[spleen]], or both hepatosplenomegaly. When these organs become enlarged it may cause pain in the [[Right upper quadrant (abdomen)|right upper quadrant of the abdomen]]. == Complications from malaria == Complications are problems that happen because of a disease. Pregnant women and young children have more complications. People who get malaria for the first time have more complications. ''Falciparum'' malaria has the most complications. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; margin:1em; margin-top:0; margin:auto; width:100%;" |- ! style="background:#E0EAEA;color:black;" colspan="3"|<span style="padding:0 2em;">Complications of malaria</span> |- | Complications of malaria are: * Cerebral malaria (brain malaria) ** To have cerebral malaria, the following must be present: *** ''P. falciparum'' in the blood. *** Coma, many [[seizure]]s, or long delirium *** If no treatment is given, death often occurs. *** Even if treatment is given, 15%-20% of people with it die. * Seizures (if ''only'' one seizure happens it is not cerebral malaria) * Damage to the [[brain]] * Blackwater fever ** Many red blood cells break open and the [[hemoglobin]] in the cells gets into the blood. ** This hemoglobin is put in the urine and makes it look very dark. ** Without the right care this can make the [[kidney]]s stop working. * Pulmonary oedema ** This is fluid in the lungs that makes it hard to breathe. ** Pregnant women get this much more. ** 80% of people who get this complication die. * Very low blood sugar ** Children and pregnant women get this more. ** This can cause people to look like they are drunk or to be in a coma. * Hemolysis ** This means breakdown of red blood cells. ** It can cause blackwater fever, [[jaundice]], and symptoms of [[anemia]]. * Coagulopathy (not being able to stop bleeding) |} == Diagnosis == [[File:Malaria rapid diagnostic test 3.jpg|thumb|right|'''Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)''' being used in [[Kenya]]. RDT takes abou 20&nbsp;minutes to produce a malaria diagnosis. It is useful in areas where laboratory testing is not available, it is not however foolproof.<ref>Moody A. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Jan;15(1):66-78. PMID 11781267</ref>]] <table border="0" style="background:#ffe; float:right; width:370px;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3"> <caption>'''Malaria microscopy'''</caption> <tr><td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"> [[File:Malaria microscopy.jpg|180px]] </td> <td>[[File: Blood film 01.jpg|162px]] </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[File:Malaria parasites in blood smear.jpg|162px]]<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">A technician looks for the malaria parasite in [[blood film]]s (blood smears). </td> <td valign="top">Microscopic view of malaria parasites in a blood smear. Arrows point to infected red blood cells.</td></tr> </table> === Clinical diagnosis === A clinical diagnosis is based on the [[Signs and symptoms (medicine)|signs and symptoms]] of a disease, it is a diagnosis made without medical testing. In the case of malaria one of the main symptoms which may lead to a clinical diagnosis of malaria is a fever. Any clinical diagnosis of malaria should be confirmed by a trained professional based upon laboratory results as soon as it is possible.<ref>Pfeiffer K. ''et al.'' 2008. Clinical diagnosis of malaria and the risk of chloroquine self-medication in rural health centres in Burkina Faso. ''Tropical Medicine & International Health''. '''13''': 418–426. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02017.x PMID 18397402</ref> === Malaria rapid diagnostic test === A Malaria rapid diagnostic test is a [[blood test]] which can confirm a diagnosis of malaria in about twenty minutes. RDTs are not foolproof and have a number of drawbacks, and as such a negative rapid diagnostic test should not be accepted at face-value and follow-up with malaria microscopy is necessary. === Malaria microscopy === To see if patients have malaria, doctors may do a blood test. This test is called a ''Giemsa blood smear''. Blood is put on a slide which is a thin piece of glass. The ''Giemsa'' stain is put on the slide. This stain helps doctors see the malaria. Then they look at the slide under a [[microscope]]. The ''Plasmodium'' is seen in the [[red blood cell]]s. == Consequences == Malaria is one of the leading causes of the ruin of families and entire lives around the world. Malaria does not only affect children, who are its primary victims, but also claims the lives of many parents. The death of a parent deeply weakens the family, leading to loss of income, children dropping out of school, long-term poverty, and many other much more serious consequences. Thus, this disease causes not only human suffering but also large-scale social disruption.<ref name="ref_cdc_gov_malaria_2025">{{lien web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/impact/index.html|website=cdc.gov|date=2025-05-01|consulté le=2025-10-13}}</ref><ref name="ref_university_of_chicago_dark_passage_2025">{{lien web|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/723598|website=The University of Chicago|date=2025-10-13|consulté le=2025-10-13}}</ref> == Treatment == [[File:Mefloquine-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia.jpg|thumb|160px|'''Drug resistant malaria'''Malaria [[evolves]] [[resistance to antibiotics|resistance to anti-malarial drugs]]. The map shows areas in SE Asia where the drug ''Mefloquine'' no longer works]] People with different kinds of malaria need different medicines. The medicine that works for one kind of malaria may not for another kind. So it is very important to know which [[species]] of ''Plasmodium'' the person has. If the species is not known, the person should be given medicine and care like they have ''falciparum'' malaria {{ndash}} the worst kind. It is also important to know ''where'' the person got malaria. ''Plasmodium'' in some places is resistant to some medicines. So the medicines to treat malaria in Africa are different from the medicines to treat malaria from South America. === Treatment of malaria other than ''falciparum'' === Everywhere except [[New Guinea]], the treatment is the same. In New Guinea most ''P. vivax'' is resistant to ''chloroquine''. It can be treated with [[quinine]], but this medicine can make people sick. Everywhere else, non-''falciparum'' malaria is treated with chloroquine. Chloroquine kills the ''Plasmodium'' in the blood. But the ''Plasmodium'' in the liver is not killed by chloroquine. ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' both stay in the liver a ''long'' time. This is the ''dormant phase''. Another medicine must be given with chloroquine for ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale''. This is to kill the ''Plasmodium'' in the liver. The medicine used to kill malaria in the liver is ''primaquine''. In southeast Asia, some ''P. vivax'' is resistant to primaquine. Most other places, ''primaquine'' works very well. Some people get very sick from ''primaquine''. So people have to be tested to see if they have G6PD-deficiency before they take ''primaquine''. === Treatment of ''falciparum'' malaria === Falciparum is the worst kind of malaria. People with ''falciparum'' malaria should be treated in a [[hospital]] if they are: * Very sick * [[Child|Children]] * [[Pregnant]] * Sick with malaria for the first time * Not able to take medicines by mouth Even people who are treated with medicines at home should stay with the doctor for 8&nbsp;hours. This is to make sure they do not get sicker. It also makes sure they can take the medicines by mouth. Malaria does not start to become a life-threatening disease until it has been a couple of weeks after the bite without being treated. ''Falciparum'' malaria also has more resistance to medicines. This makes it much harder to treat. ''Falciparum'' malaria is always treated with two or more medicines. Doctors choose the medicines by where in the world the person got malaria. Different places have ''P. falciparum'' that is resistant to different medicines. The most important resistance is chloroquine-resistance. In some places in the world, ''P. falciparum'' is killed by chloroquine. In some places it is chloroquine-resistant. This means chloroquine does not kill it. In these places quinine can be used. Quinine is taken by mouth. == How to prevent malaria == [[File:Malaria prevention-Insecticide treated bed net-PMI.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) helps reduce the risk of getting malaria. Only pyrethroid insecticides are approved for use on ITNs. These are man-made pesticides similar to the natural pesticide pyrethrum, made by [[chrysanthemum]] flowers]] There are three ways to prevent malaria: * Control mosquitoes * Keep mosquitoes from biting * Take medicine to keep from getting sick after a bite, especially in those parts of the world where people get malaria. === Control mosquitoes === [[File:Oxfam East Africa - Clearing drainage ditches.jpg | thumb|right |250px|Clearing drainage ditches in Kenya]] [[File:Anopheles larve.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'''Anopheles larvae''' The anopheles mosquito lays eggs in stagnant water]] ''[[Vector]] control'' is one way to stop malaria. Vector means an [[organism]] that carries an [[infectious disease]] to another organism. For malaria, the vector is the ''Anopheles'' mosquito. The most used method of vector control is [[pesticide]]s. These are chemicals that kill the mosquito. The first pesticide used for vector control was [[DDT]]. DDT worked very well for vector control. It killed mosquitoes. It did not make people very sick at the time it was used. It did not cost very much money. Other chemicals for vector control had not been invented yet. In many places mosquitoes became resistant to DDT. This meant that DDT did not work anymore in these areas. Scientists worried that DDT was making people and animals sick. It killed a lot of wildlife too. DDT also stays in the [[environment]] for a long time. For these reasons, people mostly use other chemicals for vector control. ''Organophosphate'' or ''carbonate'' pesticides are used, like ''malathion'' or ''bendiocarb''. Vector control is not the only way to stop malaria. And DDT is not the only chemical that can be used for vector control. The best way to stop malaria is to use a combination of methods. In some places, DDT may be a useful part of a program to stop malaria. This is why DDT is still allowed to be used for controlling malaria. === Keeping mosquitoes from biting === The mosquito that carries malaria comes more at dawn (when the sun comes up) and dusk (when the sun goes down.) Be most careful at these times. Wear long trousers and shirts with long sleeves. Wear mosquito repellent (this is a [[chemical]] that mosquitoes do not like, so they do not bite.) Mosquitoes will bite through thin cloth. So repellent should be used on skin ''and clothes''. Pesticides can be used in rooms to kill mosquitoes. When sleeping outside, people use a mosquito net. This is made from cloth that air can go through but keeps mosquitoes out. It is put over a bed where people sleep to keep mosquitoes out. Sometimes people also use it when they are not sleeping. It is best to use mosquito nets that have been treated with Permethrin, which repels and kills mosquitoes. === Taking medicine to not get sick === People can take medicine when they are in a place where there is malaria. This reduces the chances that they contract malaria. This is called ''[[prophylaxis]]''. Some people take prophylactic medicines for years. Many people in areas where there is malaria do not have the money to buy this medicine. People who live where there is no malaria usually have ''not'' had malaria. The first case malaria is usually much worse. So people from places where there is no malaria may take prophylactic medicines when they go to places where there is malaria. The kind of prophylactic medicines people take depends on where they are. This is because not all medicines work on the malaria in every place. To make them work best, prophylactic medicines have to be taken the right way. The medicine should start ''before'' going to an area with malaria. Most medicines should be taken for 4 weeks after coming home. One medicine (Malarone) only needs to be used for ''one'' week after coming home. == Resistance to malaria == There are some children in [[Tanzania]] who are naturally [[immune]] to malaria. Researchers are using this to develop a new [[vaccine]]. U.S. researchers have found the children produce an [[antibody]] which attacks the malaria-causing parasite. Injecting a form of this antibody into [[mice]] protected the animals from the disease. The researchers plan to do tests on [[primate]]s, including humans.<ref>Morelle, Rebecca 2014. Immune children aid malaria vaccine hunt. ''BBC News'' Science & Environment. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27522950 Immune children aid malaria vaccine hunt - BBC News]</ref> == History == [[File:"Don't go to Bed with Malaria Mosquito" - NARA - 514146.tif|thumb|World War Two era poster.]] It was Britain's [[Ronald Ross|Sir Ronald Ross]], working in the Presidency General Hospital in [[the Kolkata]], who finally proved in 1898 that malaria is transmitted by ''[[anopheles]]'' mosquitoes.<ref>In 1897 according to Cox F.E.G. 2010. History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors. ''Parasites & Vectors'' '''3''':5 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825508/ History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors]</ref><ref>The history of malaria, an ancient disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - History]</ref> He did this by showing that certain mosquito species transmit malaria to birds. He isolated malaria parasites from the salivary glands of mosquitoes that had fed on infected birds.<ref>{{cite web| title = Biography of Ronald Ross | publisher = The Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html | accessdate = 2007-06-15}}</ref> For this work, Ross received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Medicine. After resigning from the Indian Medical Service, Ross worked at the newly established Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and directed malaria-control efforts in [[Egypt]], [[Panama]], [[Greece]] and [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Ross and the discovery that mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites| work = CDC Malaria website | url = https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm | accessdate = 2007-06-15 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070602185153/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm |archivedate = June 2, 2007}}</ref> The findings of Finlay and Ross were later confirmed by a medical board headed by [[Walter Reed]] in 1900. Its recommendations were used during construction of the [[Panama Canal]]. This public-health work saved the lives of thousands of workers and helped develop the methods used in future public-health campaigns against the disease. The first effective treatment for malaria came from the bark of [[Cinchona|cinchona tree]], which contains [[quinine]]. This tree grows on the slopes of the [[Andes]], mainly in [[Peru]]. The [[indigenous peoples]] of Peru made a tincture of cinchona to control malaria. The [[Jesuit]]s noted the efficacy of the practice and introduced the treatment to Europe during the 1640s, where it was rapidly accepted.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kaufman T, Rúveda E | title = The quest for quinine: those who won the battles and those who won the war | journal = Angew Chem Int Ed Engl | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 854–85 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15669029 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200400663 | issn = 1433-7851 }}</ref> It was not until 1820 that the active ingredient, quinine, was extracted from the bark, isolated and named by French chemists.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kyle R, Shampe M |title=Discoverers of quinine |journal=JAMA |volume=229 |issue=4 | pages = e320 |year=1974 |pmid=4600403 | doi = 10.1001/jama.229.4.462|doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 }}</ref> In the early 20th century, before [[antibiotics]] became available, [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] discovered that patients with [[syphilis]] could be treated by intentionally infecting them with malaria. The resulting fever would kill the syphilis [[spirochaete]]s, and [[quinine]] could be administered to control the malaria. Although some patients died from malaria, this was preferable to the almost-certain death from syphilis.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Raju T | title = Hot brains: manipulating body heat to save the brain | doi= 10.1542/peds.2005-1934 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = e320–1 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16452338 | s2cid = 21411790 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/117/2/e320}}</ref> In the twentieth century between 2% and 5% of all deaths were from malaria.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kuper|first=Simon|date=2023-07-20|title=It may not feel like it, but the planet has many reasons to be cheerful|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56322962-fd09-467a-8395-61ae1b41813e?xnpe_tifc=4fh.xDbZxfxD4.P_OfYJh9pJVdUZMds_O.opOfYp4f4utI4shI1A4kPshCJNhkHDtIU_OFbXhFs.xke.OMpNx.Luh.huxuxDb.xlbfbJ&utm_source=exponea&utm_campaign=B2C%20%7C%20Subs%20%7C%20Weekend%20Campaign%20%7C%20Manual%20%7C%20220723%20%7C%20Test%20A%20(Control)&utm_medium=email|access-date=2023-07-22}}</ref> Malaria was the largest hazard encountered by U.S. troops in the South Pacific during [[World War II]], where about 500,000 men were infected.<ref>{{cite book| last = Bray| first = R.S.| title = Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=djPWGnvBm08C&pg=PA102| year = 2004| publisher = James Clarke & Co.| isbn = 978-0-227-17240-7| page = 102 }}</ref> Sixty thousand American soldiers died of malaria during the North African and South Pacific campaigns.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&pg=PA383 Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues: A-M]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Joseph Patrick Byrne 2008. p383 {{ISBN|978-0-313-34102-1}}</ref> == Related pages == * ''[[Plasmodium]]'' * [[Antibiotic resistance]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.uvmedicine.store/2020/06/side-effects-of-malaria-drugs-all-drugs.html malarial drugs side effect] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622102846/https://www.uvmedicine.store/2020/06/side-effects-of-malaria-drugs-all-drugs.html |date=2020-06-22 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqRuSwZey_U Video: Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite in the Mosquito] * [http://mosquito.who.int/malariacontrol WHO malaria information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106133608/http://mosquito.who.int/malariacontrol |date=2006-01-06 }} * [https://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ US Centers for Disease Control: Malaria] * [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000621.htm Medline Plus about malaria] {{authority control}} [[Category:Diseases spread by insects]] [[Category:Apicomplexa]] [[Category:Diseases caused by protozoa]] [[Category:Diseases caused by parasites]] bmbx6peigpcg6wutb5gsph3yh5tbrq2 10882892 10882421 2026-06-10T03:32:28Z Garsh2 1475106 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34040-87|~2026-34040-87]] ([[User talk:~2026-34040-87|talk]]) to last version by Catcus DeMeowwy 10806303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Malaria | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | Image = Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg | Caption = Malaria is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Malaria | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} '''Malaria''' is an [[infectious disease]] caused by a [[parasite]], known as [[plasmodium]]. It is one of the most common diseases in the world. Every year it infects hundreds of millions of people and kills hundreds of thousands..<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Malaria Report 2011|url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564403|access-date=2025-03-31|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Malaria is produced by four [[species]] of the [[protozoan]] parasite '''Plasmodium''', which is [[endemic]] in many [[tropics|tropical]] countries. It is spread by the bite of an infected [[mosquito]]. When the parasite enters a person's blood, it causes an infection that can be deadly. ==Epidemiology== Malaria cases declined until the mid-1970s. In the 1950s there were 75 million cases of malaria; in the 1960s, there were only 0.1 million.{{fact|date=March 2025}} However, it staged a comeback in the mid-1970s, causing 6.47 million cases in 1976.{{fact|date=March 2025}} This increase resulted from several factors - for example, many mosquitoes became resistant to commonly used [[insecticide]]s. According to 2011 estimates from the [[World Health Organization]], between 149 million and 274 million people get malaria each year. Of these, around 655,000 people die from the disease. This [[average]]s out to one malaria death every minute. Today, around 90% of people who get malaria live in [[Africa]]. However, malaria is endemic and sub-endemic to many parts of the world. For example, 80% of the [[India]]n [[population]] lives in malaria risk areas.{{fact|date=March 2025}} However, in India, the National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP), started in 1958, achieved near complete disappearance of the disease in 1960s (from 75 million cases in 1950s to 0.1 million cases in 1960s). ==Biology== The parasite that causes malaria is a [[protozoa]]n called ''Plasmodium.'' Protozoa are [[organism]]s with only one [[cell]], but they are not [[bacteria]]. Bacteria are smaller and simpler than protozoans. People usually get malaria from the ''[[Anopheles]]'' or [https://www.healthtipsagency.com/2018/09/malaria-symptomas-tratment-and-prevention.html ''Culex'' mosquitoes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228001032/https://www.healthtipsagency.com/2018/09/malaria-symptomas-tratment-and-prevention.html |date=2019-02-28 }}: they are the [[Vector (biology)|vector]]s of the disease. The ''Plasmodium'' lives in the mosquito's special [[saliva]].<ref>Saliva is moisture, or spit, made in the mouth.</ref> When any mosquito bites a person, it injects an [[anticoagulant]] into the person to prevent their [[Coagulation|blood from clotting]]. If the mosquito has ''Plasmodium'' in its saliva, it transmits the parasite to the human along with the anticoagulant. Female mosquitoes consume [[blood]] as a source of [[protein]] for their eggs. However, male mosquitoes live on the [[nectar]] of [[Flower|flowers]]. Because of this, only female mosquitoes transmit malaria. Malaria usually results from mosquito bites. However, there are other methods of transmission. A [[fetus]] can get malaria from its mother. (This is called [[vertical transmission]] or maternal-fetal transmission.) People can also get malaria from a [[blood transfusion]]. In addition, a person can get malaria if they use a [[needle]] that someone with the disease used before them. == Malaria parasite life cycle == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Malaria parasite life cycle-NIAID.jpg | width1 = 200 | caption1 = '''Malaria life cycle''' In humans, after being bitten by an infected mosquito the malaria parasites first infects the liver. At this stage there are no symptoms. <br /> The red blood cells are infected next, at this stage symptoms of malaria appear. <br /> When an uninfected mosquito bites an infected human they become infected and continue the cycle. | image2 = Red blood cell infected with malaria parasites-NIAID RML.jpg | width2 = 158 | caption2 ='''Malaria infected red blood cell'''Colorized electron [[micrograph]] of red blood cell infected with malaria parasites (blue). <br /> The small bumps on the infected cell show how the parasite remodels its host cell. Uninfected cells (red) have smoother surfaces. Credit: NIAID/RML }} There are several [[species]] (kinds) of ''Plasmodium'' that cause malaria in humans: * ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]''<ref>[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ WHO &#124; Malaria]</ref> causes the most severe disease and kills the most people * ''Plasmodium malariae,'' ''Plasmodium ovale,'' and ''Plasmodium vivax'' cause milder disease * ''Plasmodium knowesli'' usually affects non-human [[Primate|primates]] ''P. vivax'' and ''P. falciparum'' cause most malaria cases in humans. When ''Plasmodium'' enters the blood, it is in the form of sporozoites. The sporozoites travel to the [[liver]], where they make more sporozoites. Then they change into a different form of ''Plasmodium'' called merozoites. The merozoites enter the [[red blood cell]]s, then multiply. The merozoites break out of the red blood cells again and again. When they do this, the person gets very sick, and shows symptoms of malaria. This happens every few days, and is called a paroxysm. ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' can survive in the liver for a long time. A person can look well, but still have the ''Plasmodium'' in their liver. This is called a ''dormant phase''. Weeks or months later, the ''Plasmodium'' can travel from the liver to the blood, and the person will get sick again. ''P. falciparum'' is the most dangerous type of malaria. It multiplies more quickly in the blood, so because there are more merezoites, it makes people sicker. Also, with ''falciparum'' malaria, the red blood cells are sticky and block [[blood vessel]]s. When a blood vessel is blocked, it cannot bring blood and [[oxygen]] to that part of the body. This can hurt that part of the body and cause organ damage. {{clear}} == Who is affected by malaria == {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | image1 = Malaria-endemic countries western hemisphere CDC.jpg | width1 = 120 | caption1 = '''Malaria western hemisphere''' | image2 = Malaria-endemic countries eastern hemisphere-CDC.png | width2 = 259 | caption2 ='''Malaria eastern hemisphere''' }} Children and pregnant woman are worst affected by malaria. When they get malaria, they often get sicker than other people. 40% of people live in a place where there is malaria. These areas are: * [[Africa]] * [[Asia]] (mostly in India, the [[Middle East]], and [[Southeast Asia]]) * [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] * [[Hispaniola]] * [[Eastern Europe]] * [[South Pacific]] (the part of the [[Pacific Ocean]] south of the [[equator]]) Every year, 300 to 700 million people get malaria. It kills 1 million to 2 million people every year. Most of the people who die from malaria are children. Even if children do not die, many have [[brain]] damage. Many of these deaths might be stopped with medicine or mosquito control. But many of the places malaria may be found are in poor countries. These countries do not have enough money to stop the mosquitoes, or to give people medicine. Money, however, is not the only problem. A country must have an organised medical system to provide services. Many countries in central Africa have been disrupted by [[war]]fare and [[conflict]] between groups, and general unrest. Also, easy solutions to kill the parasites do not exist as they did 50 years ago. This is because the insects are resistant to many [[insecticide]]s, and the ''Plasmodium'' parasite is highly resistant to [[quinine]] and most other common drugs. This is a normal [[evolution]]ary process: the chemicals weed out the non-resistant organisms, and the offspring of the few resistant organisms multiply. == Signs and symptoms of malaria == [[File:Jaundice eye.jpg|thumb|'''Jaundice'''. Malaria can cause ''jaundice'', which causes the skin and the white areas of the eyes (''sclerae'') to turn orange-yellow. This is caused by ''hyperbilirubinemia'' - too much bilirubin in the blood.<ref>Mishra SK, Mohapatra S, Mohanty S. Jaundice in Falciparum Malaria. Journal, Indian Academy of Clinical Medicine � Vol. 4, No. 1 �January-March 2003 [http://medind.nic.in/jac/t03/i1/jact03i1p12.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007204257/http://medind.nic.in/jac/t03/i1/jact03i1p12.pdf|date=2009-10-07}}</ref> Bilirubin is a pigment which results when the body breaks down old red blood cells.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Farne| first1 = Hugo| last2 = Norris-Cervetto| first2 = Edward| last3 = Warbrick-Smith| first3 = James| title = Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery| url = https://archive.org/details/oxfordcasesinmed0000farn| year = 2010| publisher = Oxford University Press| isbn = 978-0-19-956052-3| page = [https://archive.org/details/oxfordcasesinmed0000farn/page/270 270] }}</ref>]] Symptoms are changes in someone's body that are signs for a disease. Most people who get malaria get symptoms 10–30 days after they get infected (the ''Plasmodium'' gets in their blood.) But some people can get symptoms after only a week, and some may be infected with malaria and not have symptoms for a year. The most common symptom of malaria is [[fever]], when the body temperature is high. The fever from malaria usually comes very suddenly. The people who have malaria often feel like they had [[influenza]]. Symptoms of malaria are: * Arthralgia (pain in [[joint]]s) * [[Headache]] (pain in head) * Feeling very tired or sleepy * Cough * Chills (feeling very cold) * [[Delirium]] (when people are very confused because of a disease. They may look drunk. They may not be able to talk.) * [[Coma]] (when people are not [[consciousness|conscious]]. They look like they are asleep, but they cannot be woken.) Signs of malaria: * [[Anemia]] (low [[red blood cell]] levels in the blood) * [[Diarrhea]] * [[Jaundice]] (yellow skin and eyes) * [[Sweat]]ing * [[Vomit]]ing * Fast [[heart]] rate * Low [[blood pressure]] * Enlarged organs. When something becomes enlarged or BIGGER than normal the word often ends in -megaly. ** Hepatomegaly -enlarged [[liver]], splenomegaly - enlarged [[spleen]], or both hepatosplenomegaly. When these organs become enlarged it may cause pain in the [[Right upper quadrant (abdomen)|right upper quadrant of the abdomen]]. == Complications from malaria == Complications are problems that happen because of a disease. Pregnant women and young children have more complications. People who get malaria for the first time have more complications. ''Falciparum'' malaria has the most complications. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; margin:1em; margin-top:0; margin:auto; width:100%;" |- ! style="background:#E0EAEA;color:black;" colspan="3"|<span style="padding:0 2em;">Complications of malaria</span> |- | Complications of malaria are: * Cerebral malaria (brain malaria) ** To have cerebral malaria, the following must be present: *** ''P. falciparum'' in the blood. *** Coma, many [[seizure]]s, or long delirium *** If no treatment is given, death often occurs. *** Even if treatment is given, 15%-20% of people with it die. * Seizures (if ''only'' one seizure happens it is not cerebral malaria) * Damage to the [[brain]] * Blackwater fever ** Many red blood cells break open and the [[hemoglobin]] in the cells gets into the blood. ** This hemoglobin is put in the urine and makes it look very dark. ** Without the right care this can make the [[kidney]]s stop working. * Pulmonary oedema ** This is fluid in the lungs that makes it hard to breathe. ** Pregnant women get this much more. ** 80% of people who get this complication die. * Very low blood sugar ** Children and pregnant women get this more. ** This can cause people to look like they are drunk or to be in a coma. * Hemolysis ** This means breakdown of red blood cells. ** It can cause blackwater fever, [[jaundice]], and symptoms of [[anemia]]. * Coagulopathy (not being able to stop bleeding) |} == Diagnosis == [[File:Malaria rapid diagnostic test 3.jpg|thumb|right|'''Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT)''' being used in [[Kenya]]. RDT takes abou 20&nbsp;minutes to produce a malaria diagnosis. It is useful in areas where laboratory testing is not available, it is not however foolproof.<ref>Moody A. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Jan;15(1):66-78. PMID 11781267</ref>]] <table border="0" style="background:#ffe; float:right; width:370px;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="3"> <caption>'''Malaria microscopy'''</caption> <tr><td rowspan="3"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"> [[File:Malaria microscopy.jpg|180px]] </td> <td>[[File: Blood film 01.jpg|162px]] </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[File:Malaria parasites in blood smear.jpg|162px]]<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">A technician looks for the malaria parasite in [[blood film]]s (blood smears). </td> <td valign="top">Microscopic view of malaria parasites in a blood smear. Arrows point to infected red blood cells.</td></tr> </table> === Clinical diagnosis === A clinical diagnosis is based on the [[Signs and symptoms (medicine)|signs and symptoms]] of a disease, it is a diagnosis made without medical testing. In the case of malaria one of the main symptoms which may lead to a clinical diagnosis of malaria is a fever. Any clinical diagnosis of malaria should be confirmed by a trained professional based upon laboratory results as soon as it is possible.<ref>Pfeiffer K. ''et al.'' 2008. Clinical diagnosis of malaria and the risk of chloroquine self-medication in rural health centres in Burkina Faso. ''Tropical Medicine & International Health''. '''13''': 418–426. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02017.x PMID 18397402</ref> === Malaria rapid diagnostic test === A Malaria rapid diagnostic test is a [[blood test]] which can confirm a diagnosis of malaria in about twenty minutes. RDTs are not foolproof and have a number of drawbacks, and as such a negative rapid diagnostic test should not be accepted at face-value and follow-up with malaria microscopy is necessary. === Malaria microscopy === To see if patients have malaria, doctors may do a blood test. This test is called a ''Giemsa blood smear''. Blood is put on a slide which is a thin piece of glass. The ''Giemsa'' stain is put on the slide. This stain helps doctors see the malaria. Then they look at the slide under a [[microscope]]. The ''Plasmodium'' is seen in the [[red blood cell]]s. == Consequences == Malaria is one of the leading causes of the ruin of families and entire lives around the world. Malaria does not only affect children, who are its primary victims, but also claims the lives of many parents. The death of a parent deeply weakens the family, leading to loss of income, children dropping out of school, long-term poverty, and many other much more serious consequences. Thus, this disease causes not only human suffering but also large-scale social disruption.<ref name="ref_cdc_gov_malaria_2025">{{lien web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/impact/index.html|website=cdc.gov|date=2025-05-01|consulté le=2025-10-13}}</ref><ref name="ref_university_of_chicago_dark_passage_2025">{{lien web|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/723598|website=The University of Chicago|date=2025-10-13|consulté le=2025-10-13}}</ref> == Treatment == [[File:Mefloquine-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia.jpg|thumb|160px|'''Drug resistant malaria'''Malaria [[evolves]] [[resistance to antibiotics|resistance to anti-malarial drugs]]. The map shows areas in SE Asia where the drug ''Mefloquine'' no longer works]] People with different kinds of malaria need different medicines. The medicine that works for one kind of malaria may not for another kind. So it is very important to know which [[species]] of ''Plasmodium'' the person has. If the species is not known, the person should be given medicine and care like they have ''falciparum'' malaria {{ndash}} the worst kind. It is also important to know ''where'' the person got malaria. ''Plasmodium'' in some places is resistant to some medicines. So the medicines to treat malaria in Africa are different from the medicines to treat malaria from South America. === Treatment of malaria other than ''falciparum'' === Everywhere except [[New Guinea]], the treatment is the same. In New Guinea most ''P. vivax'' is resistant to ''chloroquine''. It can be treated with [[quinine]], but this medicine can make people sick. Everywhere else, non-''falciparum'' malaria is treated with chloroquine. Chloroquine kills the ''Plasmodium'' in the blood. But the ''Plasmodium'' in the liver is not killed by chloroquine. ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale'' both stay in the liver a ''long'' time. This is the ''dormant phase''. Another medicine must be given with chloroquine for ''P. vivax'' and ''P. ovale''. This is to kill the ''Plasmodium'' in the liver. The medicine used to kill malaria in the liver is ''primaquine''. In southeast Asia, some ''P. vivax'' is resistant to primaquine. Most other places, ''primaquine'' works very well. Some people get very sick from ''primaquine''. So people have to be tested to see if they have G6PD-deficiency before they take ''primaquine''. === Treatment of ''falciparum'' malaria === Falciparum is the worst kind of malaria. People with ''falciparum'' malaria should be treated in a [[hospital]] if they are: * Very sick * [[Child|Children]] * [[Pregnant]] * Sick with malaria for the first time * Not able to take medicines by mouth Even people who are treated with medicines at home should stay with the doctor for 8&nbsp;hours. This is to make sure they do not get sicker. It also makes sure they can take the medicines by mouth. Malaria does not start to become a life-threatening disease until it has been a couple of weeks after the bite without being treated. ''Falciparum'' malaria also has more resistance to medicines. This makes it much harder to treat. ''Falciparum'' malaria is always treated with two or more medicines. Doctors choose the medicines by where in the world the person got malaria. Different places have ''P. falciparum'' that is resistant to different medicines. The most important resistance is chloroquine-resistance. In some places in the world, ''P. falciparum'' is killed by chloroquine. In some places it is chloroquine-resistant. This means chloroquine does not kill it. In these places quinine can be used. Quinine is taken by mouth. == How to prevent malaria == [[File:Malaria prevention-Insecticide treated bed net-PMI.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) helps reduce the risk of getting malaria. Only pyrethroid insecticides are approved for use on ITNs. These are man-made pesticides similar to the natural pesticide pyrethrum, made by [[chrysanthemum]] flowers]] There are three ways to prevent malaria: * Control mosquitoes * Keep mosquitoes from biting * Take medicine to keep from getting sick after a bite, especially in those parts of the world where people get malaria. === Control mosquitoes === [[File:Oxfam East Africa - Clearing drainage ditches.jpg | thumb|right |250px|Clearing drainage ditches in Kenya]] [[File:Anopheles larve.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'''Anopheles larvae''' The anopheles mosquito lays eggs in stagnant water]] ''[[Vector]] control'' is one way to stop malaria. Vector means an [[organism]] that carries an [[infectious disease]] to another organism. For malaria, the vector is the ''Anopheles'' mosquito. The most used method of vector control is [[pesticide]]s. These are chemicals that kill the mosquito. The first pesticide used for vector control was [[DDT]]. DDT worked very well for vector control. It killed mosquitoes. It did not make people very sick at the time it was used. It did not cost very much money. Other chemicals for vector control had not been invented yet. In many places mosquitoes became resistant to DDT. This meant that DDT did not work anymore in these areas. Scientists worried that DDT was making people and animals sick. It killed a lot of wildlife too. DDT also stays in the [[environment]] for a long time. For these reasons, people mostly use other chemicals for vector control. ''Organophosphate'' or ''carbonate'' pesticides are used, like ''malathion'' or ''bendiocarb''. Vector control is not the only way to stop malaria. And DDT is not the only chemical that can be used for vector control. The best way to stop malaria is to use a combination of methods. In some places, DDT may be a useful part of a program to stop malaria. This is why DDT is still allowed to be used for controlling malaria. === Keeping mosquitoes from biting === The mosquito that carries malaria comes more at dawn (when the sun comes up) and dusk (when the sun goes down.) Be most careful at these times. Wear long trousers and shirts with long sleeves. Wear mosquito repellent (this is a [[chemical]] that mosquitoes do not like, so they do not bite.) Mosquitoes will bite through thin cloth. So repellent should be used on skin ''and clothes''. Pesticides can be used in rooms to kill mosquitoes. When sleeping outside, people use a mosquito net. This is made from cloth that air can go through but keeps mosquitoes out. It is put over a bed where people sleep to keep mosquitoes out. Sometimes people also use it when they are not sleeping. It is best to use mosquito nets that have been treated with Permethrin, which repels and kills mosquitoes. === Taking medicine to not get sick === People can take medicine when they are in a place where there is malaria. This reduces the chances that they contract malaria. This is called ''[[prophylaxis]]''. Some people take prophylactic medicines for years. Many people in areas where there is malaria do not have the money to buy this medicine. People who live where there is no malaria usually have ''not'' had malaria. The first case malaria is usually much worse. So people from places where there is no malaria may take prophylactic medicines when they go to places where there is malaria. The kind of prophylactic medicines people take depends on where they are. This is because not all medicines work on the malaria in every place. To make them work best, prophylactic medicines have to be taken the right way. The medicine should start ''before'' going to an area with malaria. Most medicines should be taken for 4 weeks after coming home. One medicine (Malarone) only needs to be used for ''one'' week after coming home. == Resistance to malaria == There are some children in [[Tanzania]] who are naturally [[immune]] to malaria. Researchers are using this to develop a new [[vaccine]]. U.S. researchers have found the children produce an [[antibody]] which attacks the malaria-causing parasite. Injecting a form of this antibody into [[mice]] protected the animals from the disease. The researchers plan to do tests on [[primate]]s, including humans.<ref>Morelle, Rebecca 2014. Immune children aid malaria vaccine hunt. ''BBC News'' Science & Environment. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27522950 Immune children aid malaria vaccine hunt - BBC News]</ref> == History == [[File:"Don't go to Bed with Malaria Mosquito" - NARA - 514146.tif|thumb|World War Two era poster.]] It was Britain's [[Ronald Ross|Sir Ronald Ross]], working in the Presidency General Hospital in [[the Kolkata]], who finally proved in 1898 that malaria is transmitted by ''[[anopheles]]'' mosquitoes.<ref>In 1897 according to Cox F.E.G. 2010. History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors. ''Parasites & Vectors'' '''3''':5 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825508/ History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors]</ref><ref>The history of malaria, an ancient disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ CDC - Malaria - About Malaria - History]</ref> He did this by showing that certain mosquito species transmit malaria to birds. He isolated malaria parasites from the salivary glands of mosquitoes that had fed on infected birds.<ref>{{cite web| title = Biography of Ronald Ross | publisher = The Nobel Foundation | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-bio.html | accessdate = 2007-06-15}}</ref> For this work, Ross received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Medicine. After resigning from the Indian Medical Service, Ross worked at the newly established Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and directed malaria-control efforts in [[Egypt]], [[Panama]], [[Greece]] and [[Mauritius]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Ross and the discovery that mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites| work = CDC Malaria website | url = https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm | accessdate = 2007-06-15 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070602185153/http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/history/ross.htm |archivedate = June 2, 2007}}</ref> The findings of Finlay and Ross were later confirmed by a medical board headed by [[Walter Reed]] in 1900. Its recommendations were used during construction of the [[Panama Canal]]. This public-health work saved the lives of thousands of workers and helped develop the methods used in future public-health campaigns against the disease. The first effective treatment for malaria came from the bark of [[Cinchona|cinchona tree]], which contains [[quinine]]. This tree grows on the slopes of the [[Andes]], mainly in [[Peru]]. The [[indigenous peoples]] of Peru made a tincture of cinchona to control malaria. The [[Jesuit]]s noted the efficacy of the practice and introduced the treatment to Europe during the 1640s, where it was rapidly accepted.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Kaufman T, Rúveda E | title = The quest for quinine: those who won the battles and those who won the war | journal = Angew Chem Int Ed Engl | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 854–85 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15669029 | doi = 10.1002/anie.200400663 | issn = 1433-7851 }}</ref> It was not until 1820 that the active ingredient, quinine, was extracted from the bark, isolated and named by French chemists.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Kyle R, Shampe M |title=Discoverers of quinine |journal=JAMA |volume=229 |issue=4 | pages = e320 |year=1974 |pmid=4600403 | doi = 10.1001/jama.229.4.462|doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 }}</ref> In the early 20th century, before [[antibiotics]] became available, [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] discovered that patients with [[syphilis]] could be treated by intentionally infecting them with malaria. The resulting fever would kill the syphilis [[spirochaete]]s, and [[quinine]] could be administered to control the malaria. Although some patients died from malaria, this was preferable to the almost-certain death from syphilis.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Raju T | title = Hot brains: manipulating body heat to save the brain | doi= 10.1542/peds.2005-1934 | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = e320–1 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16452338 | s2cid = 21411790 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/117/2/e320}}</ref> In the twentieth century between 2% and 5% of all deaths were from malaria.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kuper|first=Simon|date=2023-07-20|title=It may not feel like it, but the planet has many reasons to be cheerful|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/56322962-fd09-467a-8395-61ae1b41813e?xnpe_tifc=4fh.xDbZxfxD4.P_OfYJh9pJVdUZMds_O.opOfYp4f4utI4shI1A4kPshCJNhkHDtIU_OFbXhFs.xke.OMpNx.Luh.huxuxDb.xlbfbJ&utm_source=exponea&utm_campaign=B2C%20%7C%20Subs%20%7C%20Weekend%20Campaign%20%7C%20Manual%20%7C%20220723%20%7C%20Test%20A%20(Control)&utm_medium=email|access-date=2023-07-22}}</ref> Malaria was the largest hazard encountered by U.S. troops in the South Pacific during [[World War II]], where about 500,000 men were infected.<ref>{{cite book| last = Bray| first = R.S.| title = Armies of Pestilence: The Impact of Disease on History| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=djPWGnvBm08C&pg=PA102| year = 2004| publisher = James Clarke & Co.| isbn = 978-0-227-17240-7| page = 102 }}</ref> Sixty thousand American soldiers died of malaria during the North African and South Pacific campaigns.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&pg=PA383 Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues: A-M]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Joseph Patrick Byrne 2008. p383 {{ISBN|978-0-313-34102-1}}</ref> == Related pages == * ''[[Plasmodium]]'' * [[Antibiotic resistance]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.uvmedicine.store/2020/06/side-effects-of-malaria-drugs-all-drugs.html malarial drugs side effect] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622102846/https://www.uvmedicine.store/2020/06/side-effects-of-malaria-drugs-all-drugs.html |date=2020-06-22 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqRuSwZey_U Video: Life Cycle of Malaria Parasite in the Mosquito] * [http://mosquito.who.int/malariacontrol WHO malaria information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106133608/http://mosquito.who.int/malariacontrol |date=2006-01-06 }} * [https://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ US Centers for Disease Control: Malaria] * [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000621.htm Medline Plus about malaria] {{authority control}} [[Category:Diseases spread by insects]] [[Category:Apicomplexa]] [[Category:Diseases caused by protozoa]] [[Category:Diseases caused by parasites]] 4gigex74li4yoha367o2m5uda6ew0c1 0 13531 10882915 9293820 2026-06-10T04:06:11Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Voltaire.jpg|thumb|Voltaire]] '''François-Marie Arouet''' (also known as '''Voltaire'''<ref>Origin of name is the [[anagram]] of "Aroueti".</ref>) was a [[France|French]] [[philosopher]]. He was born in 1694 and grew up in [[Poitou]]. He died in Paris in 1778. Voltaire did not like France at the time because he thought that it was old fashioned. He also did not like the [[Church]] and thought that people should be allowed to believe what they want. However he did not like [[democracy]] either and thought that a country needed to be led by a wise and strong [[king]]. Voltaire had to live in [[exile]] in [[England]] for three years from 1726 to 1729 where these ideas were more common. He liked the philosophy of [[John Locke]]. Voltaire was also a writer. He wrote many [[book]]s, [[poem]]s and [[Play (theatre)|plays]], some of which are still liked today. A lot of his work was against France and the Church. This meant that he was unpopular at first but became more popular towards the time of the [[French Revolution]]. He also studied [[science]] and wrote a lot about people and places he knew. His writings later led to the French revolution, which changed France from a [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary Monarchy]] into a Republic. Voltaire believed in a [[God]] but did not believe in a God personally involved in people's lives, like the [[Christianity|Christian]] God. This is called [[Deism]]. == Note == <references/> == Other websites == {{commons}} {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.bacdefrancais.net/ An analysis of Voltaire's texts (in the "textes" topic) (in French)] * {{gutenberg author|Voltaire}} * [http://history.hanover.edu/texts/voltaire/volindex.html Voltaire's writings from Philosophical Dictionary] * [http://societe-voltaire.org/ Société Voltaire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411045242/http://societe-voltaire.org/ |date=2011-04-11 }} * [http://www.harrymaugans.com/2006/03/30/voltaires-candide/ Voltaire's Candide and Leibniz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405172359/http://www.harrymaugans.com/2006/03/30/voltaires-candide/ |date=2012-04-05 }} * [http://www.visitvoltaire.com/ VisitVoltaire.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205043521/http://www.visitvoltaire.com/ |date=2009-02-05 }} * {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.litteratureaudio.com/livres-audio-gratuits-mp3/tag/voltaire/ Voltaire, his work in audio version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230181107/http://www.litteratureaudio.com/livres-audio-gratuits-mp3/tag/voltaire |date=2010-12-30 }} [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|20px]] {{Social and political philosophy}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1694 births]] [[Category:1778 deaths]] [[Category:17th-century philosophers]] [[Category:French deists]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:Pen names]] mubpeufo1zl5ec0576qctb312yq0lqy 4 13819 10882699 9991240 2026-06-09T22:03:11Z ~2026-33938-41 1819341 /* */ 10882699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{information page| =="Why aren't these pages copy-edited?"== Sometimes, readers complain saying: "Why aren't these pages copy-edited?" Or, if they have been here a bit longer: "Why aren't these pages wikified?" ("Wikifying" is the process of adding links and basic formatting). The answer, of course, is very simple: it's because you, and others like you, have not fixed mistakes when you saw them. Instead of complaining, you could have corrected them yourself (simply click on the ''change this page'' tab at the top of the page, fix, and save), which would have stopped others from wondering the same thing. This is usually easier, faster, and less emotional than taking the time to type a complaint. So be bold! - go out there and do some copy-editing now! If you find an article that is in such bad shape that you cannot fix it yourself in one sitting, you can tag it for cleanup assistance by other users. See [[w:Wikipedia:Cleanup resources]] for help. ==Some articles that need copy-editing== * [[:Category:Pages needing cleanup]] * [[:Category:Articles that need to be wikified]] * [[:Category:All pages in need of copyedit]] * [[:Category:Pages needing expert attention]] * [[:Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating]] * [[Wikipedia:Cleanup]] (Pages can be listed here by request.) ==Correcting spelling== If you see any mistakes, please correct them (even if they are very small [[Wikt:typo|typos]]). This greatly helps with making Wikipedia look as professional as possible. Note that the English form of Wikipedia has no preference for American, British or other forms of English so long as usage is consistent for the whole page. Check the rest of the page before assuming that ''flavour'', ''colour'', ''metre'', or ''defence'' (or, on the other hand, ''flavor'', ''color'', ''meter'', or ''defense'') is a mistake. Note that the endings "-ize" and "-ization" are acceptable in both British and American English. * [[American and British English differences]] &mdash; see Spelling. * Use [http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/dict.html The American·British&ndash;British·American Dictionary for English Speaking People] or your own favorite/favourite reference. * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#National varieties of English]] * See also [[Wikipedia:List of common misspellings]] ==Correcting grammar== Correct grammar is just as valuable as correct spelling. Feel free to correct grammar mistakes and clear up confusing wording. If you can phrase a sentence better, rephrase it! Just make sure it keeps its original meaning (unless that is wrong too). ==Updating for style== All main Wikipedia pages should have a formal, encyclopedic style. Correcting for style can be a harder job, involving rearrangement of sentences, paragraphs, or perhaps even the whole article. However, this does not have to be done all at the same time, and it is still helpful to update just one paragraph or sentence. Generally, it helps to get the rough form of a page correct (possibly with headings), before updating individual paragraphs and then sentences, but doing things in this order is by no means required. Pages sometimes have information that doesn't belong on that page, or would go better on another page. For example, a general article about ''fruit'' should not give detailed information about ''bananas''. Instead, this information should be moved to a more detailed article. If you do this, please add the information to the new page before deleting it from the old &mdash; and it is polite to mention the move in your [[WP:Change summary|change summary]] note. For example: ''moved detailed quantum mechanics formula out of this physics page and into the quantum mechanics page''. ==Commonly required copy-edits== ''See also'' sections: These should be in their own section if relevant to the majority of the article, and of the short form if relevant only to a specific section. Words that are mentioned as words should be italicized. For example: "The term ''style'' can refer to the layout and context of an article." Headings should usually be nouns (for example: ''History'') and not prepositional phrases (''About the history of...''), and they should have only the first letter capitalized (apart from proper nouns, etc.). Shortened word forms (''don't'', ''can't'', etc.) should be written out (''do not, cannot''), unless in quotations. Links to other websites at the end of an article belong under a heading titled ''Other websites'' (not ''External links''). ==Change summary note== Change summary notes for copy-edits should be short, and mention that the change in question is a correction or improvement. Spelling and grammar corrections can generally be marked as [[Help:Small change|small changes]]; major style corrections and rearrangements generally should not be marked 'small'. Example summary notes:<br> ''copy-edit: Corrected minor typo''<br> ''copy-edit: Reworded introductory paragraph for clarity''<br> ''copy-edit: Reworked history section for more encyclopedic style''<br> but never:<br> ''Reworked awful English, corrected author's bad language skills'' (see Etiquette section below) Your summary note will only appear in places where other [[WP:User|users]] will see them: in the history of the article, and on recent changes, watchlists, etc. ===Etiquette=== If you are taking the trouble to copy-edit a page, please remember that the original author took the trouble to write a new page for Wikipedia, and that however good or bad it is, the article is probably a valuable contribution. Your summary note should be short and polite, and not written to make the original writer feel stupid or foolish. If a page you wrote has been copy-edited by another editor, try not to take the corrections personally. This can be especially hard sometimes with style differences. Copy-editors are usually just trying to make the article better, which will reflect well on all the authors, including the first one. ==Related pages== * [[Help]] pages kagdpx0e6bhba3rph0a0gyo5yk345c4 10882704 10882699 2026-06-09T22:17:03Z Barras 40117 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33938-41|~2026-33938-41]] ([[User talk:~2026-33938-41|talk]]) to last version by 2601:644:907E:A70:39FB:FF96:8D13:FB6D 9991240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{information page|WP:COPYEDIT}} This page refers to [[copy-editing]] (or "proofreading") a Wikipedia page; in other words, correcting for spelling, [[grammar]], punctuation, tone, style and so on. When you copy-edit a page, you are helping the editors who contributed to it and Wikipedia to express ideas in the best, most accurate and clearest way possible. Obvious mistakes look bad, and they should be corrected as soon as possible. Discussion and talk pages are not as formal, and do not have to be copy-edited. For general page editing help, see [[Help:How to change pages]]. =="Why aren't these pages copy-edited?"== Sometimes, readers complain saying: "Why aren't these pages copy-edited?" Or, if they have been here a bit longer: "Why aren't these pages wikified?" ("Wikifying" is the process of adding links and basic formatting). The answer, of course, is very simple: it's because you, and others like you, have not fixed mistakes when you saw them. Instead of complaining, you could have corrected them yourself (simply click on the ''change this page'' tab at the top of the page, fix, and save), which would have stopped others from wondering the same thing. This is usually easier, faster, and less emotional than taking the time to type a complaint. So be bold! - go out there and do some copy-editing now! If you find an article that is in such bad shape that you cannot fix it yourself in one sitting, you can tag it for cleanup assistance by other users. See [[w:Wikipedia:Cleanup resources]] for help. ==Some articles that need copy-editing== * [[:Category:Pages needing cleanup]] * [[:Category:Articles that need to be wikified]] * [[:Category:All pages in need of copyedit]] * [[:Category:Pages needing expert attention]] * [[:Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating]] * [[Wikipedia:Cleanup]] (Pages can be listed here by request.) ==Correcting spelling== If you see any mistakes, please correct them (even if they are very small [[Wikt:typo|typos]]). This greatly helps with making Wikipedia look as professional as possible. Note that the English form of Wikipedia has no preference for American, British or other forms of English so long as usage is consistent for the whole page. Check the rest of the page before assuming that ''flavour'', ''colour'', ''metre'', or ''defence'' (or, on the other hand, ''flavor'', ''color'', ''meter'', or ''defense'') is a mistake. Note that the endings "-ize" and "-ization" are acceptable in both British and American English. * [[American and British English differences]] &mdash; see Spelling. * Use [http://www.peak.org/~jeremy/dictionary/dict.html The American·British&ndash;British·American Dictionary for English Speaking People] or your own favorite/favourite reference. * [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#National varieties of English]] * See also [[Wikipedia:List of common misspellings]] ==Correcting grammar== Correct grammar is just as valuable as correct spelling. Feel free to correct grammar mistakes and clear up confusing wording. If you can phrase a sentence better, rephrase it! Just make sure it keeps its original meaning (unless that is wrong too). ==Updating for style== All main Wikipedia pages should have a formal, encyclopedic style. Correcting for style can be a harder job, involving rearrangement of sentences, paragraphs, or perhaps even the whole article. However, this does not have to be done all at the same time, and it is still helpful to update just one paragraph or sentence. Generally, it helps to get the rough form of a page correct (possibly with headings), before updating individual paragraphs and then sentences, but doing things in this order is by no means required. Pages sometimes have information that doesn't belong on that page, or would go better on another page. For example, a general article about ''fruit'' should not give detailed information about ''bananas''. Instead, this information should be moved to a more detailed article. If you do this, please add the information to the new page before deleting it from the old &mdash; and it is polite to mention the move in your [[WP:Change summary|change summary]] note. For example: ''moved detailed quantum mechanics formula out of this physics page and into the quantum mechanics page''. ==Commonly required copy-edits== ''See also'' sections: These should be in their own section if relevant to the majority of the article, and of the short form if relevant only to a specific section. Words that are mentioned as words should be italicized. For example: "The term ''style'' can refer to the layout and context of an article." Headings should usually be nouns (for example: ''History'') and not prepositional phrases (''About the history of...''), and they should have only the first letter capitalized (apart from proper nouns, etc.). Shortened word forms (''don't'', ''can't'', etc.) should be written out (''do not, cannot''), unless in quotations. Links to other websites at the end of an article belong under a heading titled ''Other websites'' (not ''External links''). ==Change summary note== Change summary notes for copy-edits should be short, and mention that the change in question is a correction or improvement. Spelling and grammar corrections can generally be marked as [[Help:Small change|small changes]]; major style corrections and rearrangements generally should not be marked 'small'. Example summary notes:<br> ''copy-edit: Corrected minor typo''<br> ''copy-edit: Reworded introductory paragraph for clarity''<br> ''copy-edit: Reworked history section for more encyclopedic style''<br> but never:<br> ''Reworked awful English, corrected author's bad language skills'' (see Etiquette section below) Your summary note will only appear in places where other [[WP:User|users]] will see them: in the history of the article, and on recent changes, watchlists, etc. ===Etiquette=== If you are taking the trouble to copy-edit a page, please remember that the original author took the trouble to write a new page for Wikipedia, and that however good or bad it is, the article is probably a valuable contribution. Your summary note should be short and polite, and not written to make the original writer feel stupid or foolish. If a page you wrote has been copy-edited by another editor, try not to take the corrections personally. This can be especially hard sometimes with style differences. Copy-editors are usually just trying to make the article better, which will reflect well on all the authors, including the first one. ==Related pages== * [[Help]] pages 7kdmjij3z2i0rks4lrxosfvhdljj7ay 0 14003 10882712 10294298 2026-06-09T22:41:27Z ~2026-33944-11 1819354 i changed the name of the abbreviation of nut 10882712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nut''' or '''nuts''' can mean different things: *[[Nut (fruit)]], a [[seed]] or [[fruit]] inside a hard outer shell, many of which are eaten as [[food]] *A [[nut (hardware)]] screws onto a [[bolt (fastener)]] to hold two things together *The exclamation, "Nuts!" can be used to mean "That is a shame" or "Too bad" *Nuts is a [[slang]] term for the [[testicle]]s and [[scrotum]] *Nut is a [[slang]] term for semen or cum *[[Nut (goddess)| Nut]] is an [[Egypt]]ian goddess. * A nut is a [[slang]] term for someone who is crazy * To go nuts is a slang term for being out of control. {{disambig}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] m1m6vg45bresj1a6p1flnbtwoz3btio 10882713 10882712 2026-06-09T22:41:32Z ChenzwBot 16695 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33944-11|~2026-33944-11]] ([[User talk:~2026-33944-11|talk]]) to last version by MrMeAndMrMe 10294298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nut''' or '''nuts''' can mean different things: *[[Nut (fruit)]], a [[seed]] or [[fruit]] inside a hard outer shell, many of which are eaten as [[food]] *A [[nut (hardware)]] screws onto a [[bolt (fastener)]] to hold two things together *The exclamation, "Nuts!" can be used to mean "That is a shame" or "Too bad" *Nuts is a [[slang]] term for the [[testicle]]s and [[scrotum]] *Nut is a [[slang]] term for sexual [[ejaculate]]. *[[Nut (goddess)| Nut]] is an [[Egypt]]ian goddess. * A nut is a [[slang]] term for someone who is crazy * To go nuts is a slang term for being out of control. {{disambig}} [[Category:Basic English 850 words]] az9ve91gkk9o4bxcyfhv953sgofpccv 0 14509 10883033 9771297 2026-06-10T09:34:12Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883033 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Deserto libico - Driving - panoramio.jpg|thumb|300px|Sand and dunes of the Libyan desert]] [[File:AtacamaDesertByFrode.jpg|thumb|right|[[Valle de la Luna (Chile)|Valle de la Luna]] ("Valley of the Moon") in the [[Atacama Desert]] of [[Chile]], the world's driest desert.<ref name=NatGeo_Driest>{{cite journal|last=Vesilind |first=Priit J.|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0308/feature3/ |title=The driest place on Earth |date=August 2003 |journal=National Geographic Magazine|access-date=2 April 2013}} (Excerpt)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.extremescience.com/driest.htm |title=Even the driest place on Earth has water |work=Extreme Science}}</ref><ref name=AdAstra>{{cite journal|last=Mckay|first=Christopher P.|title=Two dry for life: the Atacama Desert and Mars|date=2002|journal=AdAstra|url=http://quest.nasa.gov/challenges/marsanalog/egypt/AtacamaAdAstra.pdf|pages=30–33|access-date=2016-11-02|archive-date=2012-06-06|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68Cu1UYk4?url=http://quest.nasa.gov/challenges/marsanalog/egypt/AtacamaAdAstra.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4437153.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Chile desert's super-dry history |author=Jonathan Amos |access-date=29 December 2009 |date=2005}}</ref>]] A '''desert''' is an arid (dry) [[biome]]. They get less than {{convert|25|cm|abbr=in}} of [[rainfall]] a year. It is "any region that can have a [[moisture]] deficit over the course of a year". In other words, they can have less [[rainfall]] in a year than they give up through [[evaporation]]".<ref>[http://www.universetoday.com/65639/what-percentage-of-the-earths-land-surface-is-desert/ Universe Today]</ref><ref>Marshak 2009. Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. W.W. Norton. p452. ISBN 978-0-393-19656-6</ref> Including the semi-arid regions, deserts cover about 33% of the land on Earth.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/what/ |title=What Is a Desert? |work=pubs.usgs.gov |date=December 18, 2001 |access-date=April 9, 2011}}</ref> That includes much of [[Antarctica]], where large areas get no snow at all. The largest hot desert is the [[Sahara]] desert, in northern [[Africa]], covering nine million square kilometres. Deserts land surfaces are varied. Examples are stones, [[sand dunes]] and [[snow]]. They may have some [[animals]] and [[plants]]. Deserts sometimes expand ([[desertification]]), and sometimes contract. Deserts are mostly in the western part of the [[Americas]], [[Western Asia]], Central and western [[Australia]], [[Namibia]] and [[North Africa]]. Some, such as the [[Sahara]], are very hot during the day and have cold nights, but there are also cold deserts such as the [[Atacama]] in [[South America]] which are frozen day and night.<ref name="brittanica" >{{cite encyclopedia | url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-70815/desert | title = Desert | access-date = 2008-02-09 | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica online}}</ref> == Cold deserts == Cold deserts can be found close to the [[polar circle|poles]]. That is why they are also called '''polar deserts'''. Other regions of the world have cold deserts too, for instance high [[altitude]] areas like the [[Himalayas]]. These are called '''montane deserts'''. [[Antarctica]] is the world's largest cold desert. The second largest one is the [[Arctic]] desert, but that has started to warm up now. == Hot deserts == Hot deserts are mostly in the [[subtropics]]. They can be covered by [[sand]], [[rock (geology)|rock]], salt lakes, stony hills and even [[mountain]]<nowiki/>s. Most non-polar deserts are hot in the day and chilly at night. The [[temperature]] in the daytime can reach {{cvt|50|C}} or higher in the summer, and dip to {{cvt|0|C}} or lower at nighttime in the winter. The '''largest''' hot desert in the world is the [[Sahara]] in North Africa. It is almost as large as [[Europe]] or the United States. == Atacama == The [[Atacama Desert]] may not have had any significant rainfall from 1570 to 1971. [[File:Paisajes cerca de Calama, Chile, 2016-02-01, DD 84 (cropped).JPG|thumb|Feral donkey in the Atacama desert]] It may be the oldest desert on Earth. It has been a desert for at least three million years. It may be the oldest continuously arid region on Earth.<ref name=ucmp2>{{cite journal |url=http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/spacewardbound/docs/sdarticle.pdf |title=Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert |author=Jonathan D.A. Clarke |journal=Geomorphology |volume=73 |issue=1–2 |year=2006 |pages=101–114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905182608/http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/spacewardbound/docs/sdarticle.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2015 |doi=10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008|url-status=dead |bibcode=2006Geomo..73..101C | issn = 0169-555X}}</ref> == Rain == It does [[rain]] in the desert, but not often. One place in the Atacama Desert had no rain for 400 years. In other deserts it may rain every year or once every few years. Rains in a desert may bring a great amount of water to the ground in a short time. Some rain passes straight into the dry [[soil]], but the rest may form a temporary river. [[Wadi]]s, stream channels that are normally dry, can quickly fill after heavy rain, causing a [[flash flood]]. People sometimes bring water from wet places to hot deserts so plants can grow. This is called [[irrigation]]. == Sandstorm == A sandstorm or [[dust storm]] arises when wind blows loose [[sand]] and dust from a dry surface. Clouds of sand or dust are often so dense that they blot out the Sun. A sandstorm can move whole [[dune|sand dunes]]. Sandstorms are common in large, dusty deserts. == Animals and plants == There are not many animals in the desert, but some [[animals]] are able to survive. They have different ways to survive the intense conditions of the desert. Examples of animals that live in hot deserts are lizards, small rodents, [[snake]]s, and [[camel]]s. Plants and animals in hot deserts must live with very little water. [[Xerophytic]] plants which live in the desert have special [[adaptation]]s. They may survive by growing roots that are very near the surface to absorb the rain that may fall before it evaporates. Plants such as the [[cactus]] have thick, fleshy stems that help them store water. Small animals such as [[lizard]]s and small [[rodent]]s often escape the hot rays by digging underground burrows where they live. They only come out at night to search for food. Like the plants, desert animals must live on as little water as possible. Most of the water used by these animals comes from seeds and stems that absorb and hold water. Camels survive in hot deserts by storing water in body fat in their humps. Like other desert animals, the camel loses little water in its wastes ([[urine]] and [[feces]]). == Biggest deserts == # [[Antarctica]]: 14,200,000 sq kms # [[Arctic]]: 13,900,000 sq kms # [[Sahara]]: 9,200,000 sq kms # [[Australia]]: 2,700,000 sq kms # [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]: 2,330,000 sq kms # [[Gobi Desert|Gobi]]: 1,298,000 sq kms == References == {{commonscat|Deserts}} {{Reflist}} [[Category:Deserts| ]] j2d24i7vpt4y3i1evf4ptjfjcio6s9r 0 16006 10882740 10881197 2026-06-09T23:43:09Z ~2026-34059-40 1819378 /* */ 10882740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Kentucky Fried Chicken||KFC (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox company | name = Kentucky Fried Chicken<br>KFC Corporation | logo = KFC 2026 (wordmark).svg | type = [[Subsidiary]] | foundation = {{unbulleted list |'''Sanders Court & Café''':<br />{{nowrap|{{start date and age|1930|3|20}}<br />[[North Corbin, Kentucky]], U.S.}} |'''First franchise''':<br />{{nowrap|{{start date and age|1952|9|24}}<br />[[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.}} }} | founder = [[Colonel Sanders|Colonel Harland Sanders]]<br />[[Pete Harman]] | hq_location = 1441 [[Gardiner Lane]]<br />[[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.<br />[[Dallas, Texas]], U.S. (global) | num_locations = 29,438<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC: restaurants worldwide 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-worldwide-by-geographic-region/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2024 | key_people = {{unbulleted list |Sabir Sami ([[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]) |Dyke Shipp (President) |Monica Rothgery ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/kfc-promotes-monica-rothgery-coo-us-division?|last=Luna |first=Nancy |date=May 13, 2019|title=KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U.S. division|work=[[Nation's Restaurant News]]|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> |Catherine Tan ([[Chief marketing officer|CMO]]) |Staci Rawls ([[Chief communications officer|CCO]]) }} | industry = [[Restaurant]]s | genre = [[Fast food restaurant]] | products = {{flatlist| * [[Fried chicken]] * [[Hamburger]]s * [[Chicken sandwich]]es * [[Wrap (sandwich)|Wrap]]s * [[French fries]] * [[Soft drink]]s * [[Milkshake]]s * [[Salad]]s * [[Dessert]]s * [[Breakfast]] }} | revenue = $27.9 billion (2020 [[USD]])<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/kfc/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> | parent = [[Yum! Brands]] | homepage = {{URL|https://www.kfc.com/}} }} [[File:KFC, North End Road, Fulham, London 01.jpg|thumb|A KFC restaurant in [[London]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]]] '''KFC''' (abbreviation of '''Kentucky Fried Chicken''') is an American chain of fast food [[restaurant]]s known for their [[fried chicken]]. It was started by [[Colonel Sanders]] in [[Corbin, Kentucky|Corbin]], [[Kentucky]] in 1952. They are now all over the world. They not only sell chicken, but also other food like [[salad]]s, [[Chicken sandwich]]es, pot pies, potato wedges and [[french fries]]. KFC, also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken. Headquartered in [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain after [[McDonald's]], with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories as of [[December]] [[2015]]. ==Advertising== KFC is well known for their "finger lickin' good" [[slogan]]. It was first used, along with others, beginning in 1956. It is the current slogan. Upon the [[COVID-19 pandemic|Coronavirus pandemic in 2020]], the slogan was temporarily changed to "fork licking good" to discourage the spread of the virus from eating with potentially contaminated hands. Other early slogans included "North America's Hospitality Dish" (1956–1966) and "We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week" from 1957 until 1968.<ref>{{cite web|title=North America's Hospitality Dish|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/north-americas-hospitality-dish-72209166.html|work=Trademarkia|publisher=KFC Corporation|accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dukes|first=Terry|title=KFC: The Animated Colonel Campaign|newspaper=Institute of Practitioners in Advertising|year=2000|publisher=WARC [World Advertising Center]|url=http://www.warc.com/Content/Documents/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign.content?CID=A35068&ID=a93e70b1-4bea-4cbf-a2d8-436868cc296d&q=AID%3a35068&qr=|access-date=2016-03-24|archive-date=2021-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110204737/https://www.warc.com/content/paywall/article/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign/35068|url-status=dead}}</ref> The two slogans were phased out in favor of the "finger lickin' good" slogan. It was [[trademark]]ed in 1956.<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite web|author=Momen Putrym, Goldie|url=http://news.sky.com/story/838088/so-good-kfc-drops-famous-catchphrase |title=So Good? KFC Drops Famous Catchphrase |publisher=Sky News |date=February 21, 2010 |accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref> After a local KFC TV ad showed an employee licking his fingers in the background, a viewer phoned the station to complain.<ref name="autogenerated6" /> The main actor in the ad answered back: "Well, it's finger lickin' good."<ref name="autogenerated6" /> The phrase was adopted nationally by the company in the 1960s. It became one of the best-known slogans of the twentieth century.<ref name="autogenerated6" /> When the trademark expired in the United States in 2006, it was replaced with "Follow your taste" until 2010.<ref name="AutoFE-57">{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/its-finger-lickin-good-72209171.html |title=IT'S FINGER LICKIN' GOOD&nbsp;— Reviews & Brand Information&nbsp;— KFC Corporation Louisville, TX&nbsp;— Serial Number: 72209171 |publisher=Trademarkia |accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref> In 2011, the "finger lickin' good" slogan was dropped in favor of "So good", to be used around the world.<ref name="autogenerated6" /> The meaning was supposed to include employees and service, as well as food.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=John|title=Profile: Jennelle Tilling, vice-president of marketing, UK and Ireland at KFC|url=http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1063711/profile-jennelle-tilling-vice-president-marketing-uk-ireland-kfc|accessdate=March 24, 2016|newspaper=PR Week|date=April 6, 2011}}</ref> The slogan "Nobody does chicken like KFC" was first started by KFC Australia in 1998. It is still used by KFC in some worldwide markets.<ref name=nobodydoes>{{cite news|last=Thornton|first=Phil|title=True lies|newspaper=The Sun Herald (Sydney, Australia)|date=May 31, 1998}}</ref> In [[Japan]], many people eat KFC on [[Christmas]]. It is considered to be a holiday tradition there. According to KFC, it is also the time when they see their highest sales. <ref>{{cite web |title=KFC - How “Kentucky for Christmas” began in Japan {{!}} KFC |url=https://global.kfc.com/stories/how-kentucky-for-christmas-began-in-japan/ |website=global.kfc.com |accessdate=7 September 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Springer |first1=Kate |title=How KFC became a Christmas tradition in Japan |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/kfc-christmas-tradition-japan/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=7 September 2023 |language=en |date=24 December 2019}}</ref> ==Criticism== KFC has been criticised on different issues. Due to the sanctions on [[Russia]] they have created their own company called [[rostics]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russia: KFC announced final exit from market|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/russia-kfc-announced-final-exit-from-market/|access-date=2025-10-23|website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre|language=en}}</ref> Greenpeace accused KFC of destroying the [[Amazon Rainforest]]. This is because KFC bought their [[soy]] they use for chicken food from [[Cargill]]. The soy has been traced back to the [[Europe]]an KFC. Cargill has reportedly been exporting soy illegally for several years.<ref name="forest">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/kfc-exposed-for-trashing-the-a|title=KFC exposed for trashing the Amazon rainforest for buckets of chicken|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=[[Greenpeace]]|year=2006|author=Greenpeace|archive-date=October 31, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031094836/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/kfc-exposed-for-trashing-the-a|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Greenpeace]] organization researched the issue and brought it to the attention of the parent company YUM! Brands, Inc. The parent company denied the illegal operation and said that their supply of soy is grown in parts of Brazil.<ref name="forest" /> Greenpeace has called on KFC to stop purchasing soy from Cargill, to avoid contributing to the destruction of the Amazon.<ref name="forest" /><ref name="mag">{{cite web|url=http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/6429/54/|title=KFC's Secret Ingredients Include Soy That's Destroying the Amazon, Says Greenpeace|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=Brazil Magazine|year=2006|author=brazzilmag.com|archive-date=December 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222085405/http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/6429/54/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2003, [[animal rights]] and welfare organizations, led by [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA), have been protesting KFC’s treatment of the animals used for its products. These groups claim that the recommendations of the KFC Animal Welfare Advisory Council have been ignored.<ref name="pdf">{{cite web|url=http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/pdfs/March11document.pdf|title=Animal welfare recommendations and proposed plan of action for implementation at KFC suppliers|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=[[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]]|year=2005|author=Dr. Temple Grandin, Dr. Johan Raj, Dr. Ian Duncan}}</ref> Adele Douglass, a former member of the council, said in an [[Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]] filing reported on by the [[Chicago Times]], that KFC "never had any meetings. They never asked any advice, and then they touted to the press that they had this animal-welfare advisory committee. I felt like I was being used."<ref name="sec">{{cite web|url=http://sec.edgar-online.com/yum-brands-inc/def-14a-proxy-statement-definitive/2006/03/30/Section11.aspx|title=Relating to an Animal Welfare Standards Report – Shareholder Proposal|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=EDGAR Online, Inc.|year=2006|author=Securities and Exchange Commission|archive-date=February 3, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203234910/http://sec.edgar-online.com/yum-brands-inc/def-14a-proxy-statement-definitive/2006/03/30/Section11.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chicago">{{cite web|url=http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20030915/006487.html|title=Small But Mighty Rights Group Tries Gentler Approach|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=Chicago Tribune|year=2003|author=David Montgomery|work=Archived|archive-date=December 21, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221163802/http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20030915/006487.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> KFC responded by saying the chickens used in its products are bought from suppliers like [[Perdue Farms]], [[Tyson Foods]], and [[Pilgrim's Pride]], and that these suppliers are routinely monitored for animal welfare violations.<ref name="cnn1">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/10/17/anderson.kfc/index.html|title=Pamela Anderson takes on KFC|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=CNN|year=2003|author=CNN}}</ref> Several PETA undercover investigations and videos of these and other KFC suppliers purport to show chickens being beaten, ripped apart, and thrown against walls contradict KFC’s claims.<ref name="cover">{{cite web|url=http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/u-undercover.asp|title=Undercover Investigations|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=PETA|year=2005|author=PETA|archive-date=January 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121195340/http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/u-undercover.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> PETA has criticised some of the practices of chicken breeders, such as beak trimming and overcrowding, but KFC says its suppliers meets UK legal requirements. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs recommends a maximum stocking density of 34&nbsp;kg—around 30 chickens—per square metre, and say that in circumstances where beak trimming needs to be carried out to prevent the birds injuring each other, only one third of the beak should be trimmed "measured from the tip towards the entrance of the nostrils".<ref>{{cite news|work=the Guardian|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2005/oct/28/food.lifeandhealth|accessdate=2008-01-17|title=Anatomy of a dish:KFC Family Feast – eight pieces of chicken(known as the "finger lickin chicken"), four regular fries, gravy and corn cobettes, £9.99|author=Andrew Shanahan|date=2005-10-28}}</ref> PETA states that they have held more than 12,000 demonstrations at KFC outlets since 2003 because of this alleged mistreatment of chickens by KFC suppliers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/h-campaign.asp |title=PETA v. KFC - Campaign Highlights |access-date=2009-04-27 |archive-date=2012-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121183954/http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/h-campaign.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> In June 2008, KFC Canada agreed to PETA's demands for better welfare standards, including favoring suppliers who use [[Controlled Atmosphere Killing|controlled atmosphere killing]] (CAK) of chickens, and other welfare standards as well as introducing a [[vegan]] sandwich at 65% of its outlets. PETA has called off its campaign against KFC Canada but continues to demonstrate against KFC elsewhere in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/News/Canada/2008/06/01/5739946.html |title='Kentucky Fried Cruelty' comes to an end |publisher=Edmontonsun.com |date=2008-06-01 |accessdate=2009-03-13 |archive-date=2009-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404064545/http://www.edmontonsun.com/News/Canada/2008/06/01/5739946.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> KFC has also teamed up with Cooler Master to create a [[Video game console|gaming console]] called the [[KFConsole]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://landing.coolermaster.com/kfconsole/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-08-20 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225020049/https://landing.coolermaster.com/kfconsole/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{commons cat|Kentucky Fried Chicken}} * [https://ipnewshub.blogspot.com/2021/11/kfc-owner-success-story-in-english.html KFC owner Success Story In English] * [https://www.kfc.com/ KFC website] {{Fast food restaurants}} {{KFC}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1952 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:American fast food restaurants]] [[Category:Companies based in Kentucky]] [[Category:20th-century establishments in Kentucky]] [[Category:KFC| ]] ep6vy5qz3ttdo6suf2ky0pdiqpto7i2 10882750 10882740 2026-06-09T23:55:21Z Ferien 1011873 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34059-40|~2026-34059-40]] ([[User talk:~2026-34059-40|talk]]): This isn't the one. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Kentucky Fried Chicken||KFC (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox company | name = Kentucky Fried Chicken<br>KFC Corporation | logo = KFC logo (Straight).png | type = [[Subsidiary]] | foundation = {{unbulleted list |'''Sanders Court & Café''':<br />{{nowrap|{{start date and age|1930|3|20}}<br />[[North Corbin, Kentucky]], U.S.}} |'''First franchise''':<br />{{nowrap|{{start date and age|1952|9|24}}<br />[[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, Utah]], U.S.}} }} | founder = [[Colonel Sanders|Colonel Harland Sanders]]<br />[[Pete Harman]] | hq_location = 1441 [[Gardiner Lane]]<br />[[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.<br />[[Dallas, Texas]], U.S. (global) | num_locations = 29,438<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC: restaurants worldwide 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/256793/kfc-restaurants-worldwide-by-geographic-region/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2024 | key_people = {{unbulleted list |Sabir Sami ([[Chief Executive Officer|CEO]]) |Dyke Shipp (President) |Monica Rothgery ([[Chief operating officer|COO]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrn.com/quick-service/kfc-promotes-monica-rothgery-coo-us-division?|last=Luna |first=Nancy |date=May 13, 2019|title=KFC promotes Monica Rothgery to COO of U.S. division|work=[[Nation's Restaurant News]]|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> |Catherine Tan ([[Chief marketing officer|CMO]]) |Staci Rawls ([[Chief communications officer|CCO]]) }} | industry = [[Restaurant]]s | genre = [[Fast food restaurant]] | products = {{flatlist| * [[Fried chicken]] * [[Hamburger]]s * [[Chicken sandwich]]es * [[Wrap (sandwich)|Wrap]]s * [[French fries]] * [[Soft drink]]s * [[Milkshake]]s * [[Salad]]s * [[Dessert]]s * [[Breakfast]] }} | revenue = $27.9 billion (2020 [[USD]])<ref>{{cite web|title=KFC|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/kfc/|access-date=2021-04-05|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> | parent = [[Yum! Brands]] | homepage = {{URL|https://www.kfc.com/}} }} [[File:KFC, North End Road, Fulham, London 01.jpg|thumb|A KFC restaurant in [[London]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]]] '''KFC''' (abbreviation of '''Kentucky Fried Chicken''') is an American chain of fast food [[restaurant]]s known for their [[fried chicken]]. It was started by [[Colonel Sanders]] in [[Corbin, Kentucky|Corbin]], [[Kentucky]] in 1952. They are now all over the world. They not only sell chicken, but also other food like [[salad]]s, [[Chicken sandwich]]es, pot pies, potato wedges and [[french fries]]. KFC, also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken. Headquartered in [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], it is the world's second-largest restaurant chain after [[McDonald's]], with almost 20,000 locations globally in 123 countries and territories as of [[December]] [[2015]]. ==Advertising== KFC is well known for their "finger lickin' good" [[slogan]]. It was first used, along with others, beginning in 1956. It is the current slogan. Upon the [[COVID-19 pandemic|Coronavirus pandemic in 2020]], the slogan was temporarily changed to "fork licking good" to discourage the spread of the virus from eating with potentially contaminated hands. Other early slogans included "North America's Hospitality Dish" (1956–1966) and "We fix Sunday dinner seven nights a week" from 1957 until 1968.<ref>{{cite web|title=North America's Hospitality Dish|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/north-americas-hospitality-dish-72209166.html|work=Trademarkia|publisher=KFC Corporation|accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dukes|first=Terry|title=KFC: The Animated Colonel Campaign|newspaper=Institute of Practitioners in Advertising|year=2000|publisher=WARC [World Advertising Center]|url=http://www.warc.com/Content/Documents/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign.content?CID=A35068&ID=a93e70b1-4bea-4cbf-a2d8-436868cc296d&q=AID%3a35068&qr=|access-date=2016-03-24|archive-date=2021-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110204737/https://www.warc.com/content/paywall/article/A35068_KFC_The_Animated_Colonel_Campaign/35068|url-status=dead}}</ref> The two slogans were phased out in favor of the "finger lickin' good" slogan. It was [[trademark]]ed in 1956.<ref name=autogenerated6>{{cite web|author=Momen Putrym, Goldie|url=http://news.sky.com/story/838088/so-good-kfc-drops-famous-catchphrase |title=So Good? KFC Drops Famous Catchphrase |publisher=Sky News |date=February 21, 2010 |accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref> After a local KFC TV ad showed an employee licking his fingers in the background, a viewer phoned the station to complain.<ref name="autogenerated6" /> The main actor in the ad answered back: "Well, it's finger lickin' good."<ref name="autogenerated6" /> The phrase was adopted nationally by the company in the 1960s. It became one of the best-known slogans of the twentieth century.<ref name="autogenerated6" /> When the trademark expired in the United States in 2006, it was replaced with "Follow your taste" until 2010.<ref name="AutoFE-57">{{cite web|url=http://www.trademarkia.com/its-finger-lickin-good-72209171.html |title=IT'S FINGER LICKIN' GOOD&nbsp;— Reviews & Brand Information&nbsp;— KFC Corporation Louisville, TX&nbsp;— Serial Number: 72209171 |publisher=Trademarkia |accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref> In 2011, the "finger lickin' good" slogan was dropped in favor of "So good", to be used around the world.<ref name="autogenerated6" /> The meaning was supposed to include employees and service, as well as food.<ref>{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=John|title=Profile: Jennelle Tilling, vice-president of marketing, UK and Ireland at KFC|url=http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1063711/profile-jennelle-tilling-vice-president-marketing-uk-ireland-kfc|accessdate=March 24, 2016|newspaper=PR Week|date=April 6, 2011}}</ref> The slogan "Nobody does chicken like KFC" was first started by KFC Australia in 1998. It is still used by KFC in some worldwide markets.<ref name=nobodydoes>{{cite news|last=Thornton|first=Phil|title=True lies|newspaper=The Sun Herald (Sydney, Australia)|date=May 31, 1998}}</ref> In [[Japan]], many people eat KFC on [[Christmas]]. It is considered to be a holiday tradition there. According to KFC, it is also the time when they see their highest sales. <ref>{{cite web |title=KFC - How “Kentucky for Christmas” began in Japan {{!}} KFC |url=https://global.kfc.com/stories/how-kentucky-for-christmas-began-in-japan/ |website=global.kfc.com |accessdate=7 September 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=Springer |first1=Kate |title=How KFC became a Christmas tradition in Japan |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/kfc-christmas-tradition-japan/index.html |website=CNN |accessdate=7 September 2023 |language=en |date=24 December 2019}}</ref> ==Criticism== KFC has been criticised on different issues. Due to the sanctions on [[Russia]] they have created their own company called [[rostics]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russia: KFC announced final exit from market|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/russia-kfc-announced-final-exit-from-market/|access-date=2025-10-23|website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre|language=en}}</ref> Greenpeace accused KFC of destroying the [[Amazon Rainforest]]. This is because KFC bought their [[soy]] they use for chicken food from [[Cargill]]. The soy has been traced back to the [[Europe]]an KFC. Cargill has reportedly been exporting soy illegally for several years.<ref name="forest">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/kfc-exposed-for-trashing-the-a|title=KFC exposed for trashing the Amazon rainforest for buckets of chicken|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=[[Greenpeace]]|year=2006|author=Greenpeace|archive-date=October 31, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031094836/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/kfc-exposed-for-trashing-the-a|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Greenpeace]] organization researched the issue and brought it to the attention of the parent company YUM! Brands, Inc. The parent company denied the illegal operation and said that their supply of soy is grown in parts of Brazil.<ref name="forest" /> Greenpeace has called on KFC to stop purchasing soy from Cargill, to avoid contributing to the destruction of the Amazon.<ref name="forest" /><ref name="mag">{{cite web|url=http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/6429/54/|title=KFC's Secret Ingredients Include Soy That's Destroying the Amazon, Says Greenpeace|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=Brazil Magazine|year=2006|author=brazzilmag.com|archive-date=December 22, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222085405/http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/6429/54/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Since 2003, [[animal rights]] and welfare organizations, led by [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]] (PETA), have been protesting KFC’s treatment of the animals used for its products. These groups claim that the recommendations of the KFC Animal Welfare Advisory Council have been ignored.<ref name="pdf">{{cite web|url=http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/pdfs/March11document.pdf|title=Animal welfare recommendations and proposed plan of action for implementation at KFC suppliers|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=[[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals]]|year=2005|author=Dr. Temple Grandin, Dr. Johan Raj, Dr. Ian Duncan}}</ref> Adele Douglass, a former member of the council, said in an [[Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]] filing reported on by the [[Chicago Times]], that KFC "never had any meetings. They never asked any advice, and then they touted to the press that they had this animal-welfare advisory committee. I felt like I was being used."<ref name="sec">{{cite web|url=http://sec.edgar-online.com/yum-brands-inc/def-14a-proxy-statement-definitive/2006/03/30/Section11.aspx|title=Relating to an Animal Welfare Standards Report – Shareholder Proposal|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=EDGAR Online, Inc.|year=2006|author=Securities and Exchange Commission|archive-date=February 3, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203234910/http://sec.edgar-online.com/yum-brands-inc/def-14a-proxy-statement-definitive/2006/03/30/Section11.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="chicago">{{cite web|url=http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20030915/006487.html|title=Small But Mighty Rights Group Tries Gentler Approach|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=Chicago Tribune|year=2003|author=David Montgomery|work=Archived|archive-date=December 21, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221163802/http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/ar-news/Week-of-Mon-20030915/006487.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> KFC responded by saying the chickens used in its products are bought from suppliers like [[Perdue Farms]], [[Tyson Foods]], and [[Pilgrim's Pride]], and that these suppliers are routinely monitored for animal welfare violations.<ref name="cnn1">{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/10/17/anderson.kfc/index.html|title=Pamela Anderson takes on KFC|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=CNN|year=2003|author=CNN}}</ref> Several PETA undercover investigations and videos of these and other KFC suppliers purport to show chickens being beaten, ripped apart, and thrown against walls contradict KFC’s claims.<ref name="cover">{{cite web|url=http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/u-undercover.asp|title=Undercover Investigations|accessdate=October 28, 2007|publisher=PETA|year=2005|author=PETA|archive-date=January 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121195340/http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/u-undercover.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> PETA has criticised some of the practices of chicken breeders, such as beak trimming and overcrowding, but KFC says its suppliers meets UK legal requirements. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs recommends a maximum stocking density of 34&nbsp;kg—around 30 chickens—per square metre, and say that in circumstances where beak trimming needs to be carried out to prevent the birds injuring each other, only one third of the beak should be trimmed "measured from the tip towards the entrance of the nostrils".<ref>{{cite news|work=the Guardian|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2005/oct/28/food.lifeandhealth|accessdate=2008-01-17|title=Anatomy of a dish:KFC Family Feast – eight pieces of chicken(known as the "finger lickin chicken"), four regular fries, gravy and corn cobettes, £9.99|author=Andrew Shanahan|date=2005-10-28}}</ref> PETA states that they have held more than 12,000 demonstrations at KFC outlets since 2003 because of this alleged mistreatment of chickens by KFC suppliers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/h-campaign.asp |title=PETA v. KFC - Campaign Highlights |access-date=2009-04-27 |archive-date=2012-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121183954/http://www.kentuckyfriedcruelty.com/h-campaign.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> In June 2008, KFC Canada agreed to PETA's demands for better welfare standards, including favoring suppliers who use [[Controlled Atmosphere Killing|controlled atmosphere killing]] (CAK) of chickens, and other welfare standards as well as introducing a [[vegan]] sandwich at 65% of its outlets. PETA has called off its campaign against KFC Canada but continues to demonstrate against KFC elsewhere in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/News/Canada/2008/06/01/5739946.html |title='Kentucky Fried Cruelty' comes to an end |publisher=Edmontonsun.com |date=2008-06-01 |accessdate=2009-03-13 |archive-date=2009-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404064545/http://www.edmontonsun.com/News/Canada/2008/06/01/5739946.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> KFC has also teamed up with Cooler Master to create a [[Video game console|gaming console]] called the [[KFConsole]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://landing.coolermaster.com/kfconsole/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-08-20 |archive-date=2020-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225020049/https://landing.coolermaster.com/kfconsole/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== {{commons cat|Kentucky Fried Chicken}} * [https://ipnewshub.blogspot.com/2021/11/kfc-owner-success-story-in-english.html KFC owner Success Story In English] * [https://www.kfc.com/ KFC website] {{Fast food restaurants}} {{KFC}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1952 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:American fast food restaurants]] [[Category:Companies based in Kentucky]] [[Category:20th-century establishments in Kentucky]] [[Category:KFC| ]] k68xhlqfyrcvkopmldxujhyttxc4n2h 0 18639 10882605 10746833 2026-06-09T20:16:47Z Quintin Soloviev 1183975 /* */ 10882605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Hartford | settlement_type = [[List of capitals in the United States|State capital]] | nickname = {{hlist | New England's Rising Star | The Insurance Capital of the World}} | motto = {{nowrap|''Post Nubila Phoebus'' {{smaller|(Latin)}}<br />{{smaller|"After the clouds, the sun"}}}}<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327083943/http://www.hartford.gov/pressroom/2301-mayor-bronin-delivers-state-of-the-city-address|archive-date=March 27, 2017|url=http://www.hartford.gov/pressroom/2301-mayor-bronin-delivers-state-of-the-city-address|title=Mayor Bronin Delivers State of the City Address|date=March 13, 2017|publisher=City of Hartford|quote=Post Nubila Phoebus – after the clouds, the sun. Our city's motto, written a long time ago, but written for such a time as this}}</ref> | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Skyline of Hartford, Connecticut.jpg{{!}} | photo2a = Hartford Seminary - Hartford, CT - 2.jpg{{!}} | photo2b = OldStateHouseHartford.jpg{{!}} | photo2c = University of Connecticut School of Law - Hartford, CT - 7.jpg{{!}} | photo3a = Connecticut State Capitol, Hartford (cropped).jpg{{!}} | photo3b = Cheney Building, Hartford CT - general view.JPG | size=300 | position=center | color= #FFFFFF | border=0 | foot_montage = From top to bottom, left to right: Downtown skyline, [[Hartford Seminary]], [[Old State House (Connecticut)|Old State House]], [[University of Connecticut School of Law]], [[Connecticut State Capitol]], and the [[Cheney Building]] }} | image_flag = Flag of Hartford, Connecticut.svg | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_blank_emblem = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_map = File:Hartford County Connecticut Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hartford Highlighted.svg | map_caption = Hartford's location within Hartford County and Connecticut | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Connecticut]] | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = [[Hartford County, Connecticut|Hartford]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = [[Metropolitan statistical area|MSA]] | subdivision_name4 = [[Greater Hartford]] | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = Settled | established_date = {{Start date and age|1635|10|15}} | established_title2 = Named | established_date2 = {{Start date and age|1637|2|21}}<ref>{{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofhartfor01burp/page/41 41] |title=History of Hartford County, Connecticut, 1633–1928: being a study of the first makers of the Constitution and the story of their lives, of their descendants and of all who have come |last=Burpee |first=Charles W|year=1928 |location=Chicago |publisher=S. J. Clarke |volume=I |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofhartfor01burp}}</ref> | established_title3 = Incorporated (city) | established_date3 = {{Start date and age|1784|5|29}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Municipal Register of the City of Hartford |page=36 |publisher=The Smith-Linsley Company |location=Hartford|year=1909|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GT8jAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA36}}</ref> | established_title4 = Consolidated | established_date4 = {{Start date and age|1896|4|1}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=State and Municipal Compendium |magazine=The Commercial & Financial Chronicle|location=New York|page=37|date=April 1, 1897|quote=The town and city of Hartford were consolidated on April 1, 1896, and their debts are no longer reported separately |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1z9FAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA37}}</ref> | named_for = [[Hertford]], Hertfordshire | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_09.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=July 2, 2020}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 46.76 | area_land_km2 = 45.01 | area_water_km2 = 1.75 | area_total_sq_mi = 18.05 | area_land_sq_mi = 17.38 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.68 | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = 1388.0 | area_urban_sq_mi = 535.93 | population_footnotes = <ref name="2020QF">{{cite web|title=QuickFacts: Hartford city, Connecticut|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/hartfordcityconnecticut|access-date=August 3, 2023|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]}}</ref> | population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] | population_total = 121054 | population_density_km2 = 2689.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 6965.1 | population_urban = 977158 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 47th]]) | population_metro = 1214295 ([[Metropolitan statistical area|US: 48th]]) | population_demonym = Hartfordite | population_blank1_title = CSA | population_blank1 = 1489361 ([[Combined statistical area|US: 41st]]) | population_density_metro_sq_mi = auto | population_density_urban_sq_mi = 1,823.3 | population_density_urban_km2 = 704.0 | population_density_blank1_sq_mi = auto | timezone = EST | utc_offset = −05:00 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −04:00 | coordinates = {{coord|41|45|45|N|72|40|27|W|region:US-CT|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geographic Names Information System |url=https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/gaz-record/213160 |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=edits.nationalmap.gov}}</ref>{{Use American English|date=January 2019}} | elevation_ft = 30 | postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code|ZIP Codes]] | postal_code = 061xx | area_code = [[Area codes 860 and 959|860/959]] | blank_name_sec1 = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info_sec1 = 09-37000 | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info_sec1 = 2378277<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2378277}}</ref> | blank2_name_sec1 = Primary airport | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bradley International Airport]] | blank3_name_sec1 = Secondary airport | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Hartford–Brainard Airport]] | blank1_name_sec2 = Interstates | blank1_info_sec2 = [[File:I-84.svg|25px|link=Interstate 84 in Connecticut]] [[File:I-91.svg|25px|link=Interstate 91]] | blank2_name_sec2 = U.S. Highways | blank2_info_sec2 = [[File:US 5.svg|25px|link=U.S. Route 5 in Connecticut]] [[File:US 6.svg|25px|link=U.S. Route 6 in Connecticut]] [[File:US 44.svg|25px|link=U.S. Route 44]] | blank3_name_sec2 = State routes | blank3_info_sec2 = [[File:Connecticut Highway 2.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 2]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 4.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 4]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 15.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 15]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 187.svg|25px|link=Route 187 (Connecticut–Massachusetts)]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 189.svg|25px|link=Route 189 (Connecticut–Massachusetts)]] | blank4_name_sec2 = | blank4_info_sec2 = | blank5_name_sec2 = | blank5_info_sec2 = | website = {{URL|www.hartford.gov}} }} '''Hartford''' is the [[capital (city)|capital]] [[city]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Connecticut]]. It is on the [[Connecticut River]] and only 24 miles from [[Springfield, Massachusetts]]. The city of Hartford had 121,054 people as of 2020.<ref name="2020QF"/> This is the third most people in the state behind [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]] and [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]]. It is an important center of [[Insurance]]. Airline service is provided from [[Bradley International Airport]]. Hartford has an [[American Hockey League]] team called the [[Hartford Wolf Pack]], a rugby team called the [[Hartford Wanderers]] and a [[United Football League]] team called the [[Hartford Colonials]]. From 1979 to 1997 Hartford had a [[National Hockey League]] team called the [[Hartford Whalers]]. ==History== ===Colonial Hartford=== The first Europeans known to have explored the area were the Dutch. They were led by [[Adriaen Block]]. They sailed up the Connecticut River in 1614. Dutch fur traders from [[New Amsterdam]] came back in 1623. They wanted to build a trading post and fortify the area for the [[Dutch West India Company]]. The first place was on the south bank of the [[Park River (Connecticut)|Park River]]. This would have been in the present-day Sheldon/Charter Oak neighborhood. This fort was called [[Fort Hoop]] or the "House of Hope." In 1633, Jacob Van Curler bought the land around Fort Hoop from the [[Pequot]] chief. He paid only a small price. A few families and a few dozen soldiers lived there at that time. Everyone left the fort by 1654. The area is known today as Dutch Point; the name of the Dutch fort "House of Hope" is reflected in the name of Huyshope Avenue.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sterner|first=Daniel|title=A Guide to Historic Hartford, Connecticut|year=2012|publisher=The History Press|isbn=978-1-60949-635-7|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x6QkVFi7l6UC&dq=sheldon+charter+oak+neighborhood&pg=PA81|access-date=16 August 2014}}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = House of Hope |url = http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/connecticut/house-of-hope/ |website=The New Netherland Institute |publisher=The New Netherland Institute |access-date=5 April 2015 }}</ref> The English started to come in 1636. They settled upstream from Fort Hoop near the present-day Downtown and Sheldon/Charter Oak neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite book| last = Scaeva| title = Hartford in the Olden Time, Its First Thirty Years| publisher = F.A. Brown| edition = 1st| date = 1853| location = Hartford| pages = 25–36}}</ref> ===19th century=== [[File:OldHartfordMap.jpg|thumb|left|1877 map of Hartford|250x250px]] Throughout the 19th century, Hartford's number of people, economic productivity, cultural influence, and political power continued to grow. The [[Industrial Revolution]] in Hartford in the mid-1800s made it one of the wealthiest per capita in United States.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lamb|first1=David|title=Once-Gilded City Buffing Itself Up|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jun/15/nation/na-hartford15/2|access-date=8 June 2015|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=15 June 2003|archive-date=4 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904054908/http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jun/15/nation/na-hartford15/2|url-status=dead}}</ref> On December 15, 1814, people from the five [[New England]] states ([[Maine]] was still part of [[Massachusetts]] at that time) came together at the [[Hartford Convention]]. Unhappy about the [[War of 1812]], they discussed New England possibly [[secession|breaking away]] from the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Hartford-Convention|title=Hartford Convention {{!}} United States history|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2017-04-30|language=en}}</ref> During the early 19th century, the Hartford area was an important place for [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] activity. The most famous abolitionist family was the Beechers. The Reverend [[Lyman Beecher]] was an important Congregational minister known for his anti-slavery sermons.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/godinamerica/people/lyman-beecher.html|title=God In America - People - Lyman Beecher|work=God in America|access-date=2017-04-30|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Lyman_Beecher|title=Lyman Beecher - Ohio History Central|website=www.ohiohistorycentral.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-date=2017-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506054110/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Lyman_Beecher|url-status=dead}}</ref> His daughter, [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]], wrote ''[[Uncle Tom's Cabin]]''; her brother [[Henry Ward Beecher]] was a well-known [[clergy]]man who strongly hated slavery. He also supported the [[temperance movement]] and [[women's suffrage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Harriet_B._Stowe|title=Harriet B. Stowe - Ohio History Central|website=www.ohiohistorycentral.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-date=2017-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516151333/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Harriet_B._Stowe|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/hbs/|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525015804/https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/hbs/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-05-25|title=Harriet Beecher Stowe's Life|website=www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org|access-date=2017-04-30}}</ref> The Stowes' sister [[Isabella Beecher Hooker]] was a leading member of the [[feminism|women's rights movement]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/isabella-beecher-hooker/|title=Education & Resources - National Women's History Museum - NWHM|website=www.nwhm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-date=2016-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108015237/https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/isabella-beecher-hooker/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===20th century=== [[File:Constitution Plaza - Hartford, CT - DSC04945.jpg|thumb|left|250x250px|[[Constitution Plaza]]'s clock tower]] On the week of April 12, 1909, the [[Connecticut River]] reached a record high [[flood]] stage of 24.5 feet (7.47 meters) above the low water mark. This flooded Hartford. It did a lot of damage.<ref>{{cite news |title= Record-Breaking Flood at Hartford, Conn.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=h-ADAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22popular+mechanics%22+1907&pg=PA10|work= [[Popular Mechanics]]|date= June 1909|access-date=4 February 2009 }}</ref> On July 6, 1944, one of the worst fire disasters in the history of the United States happened in Hartford. It happened at a performance of the [[Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus]]. It became known as the [[Hartford Circus Fire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://connecticuthistory.org/hartford-circus-fire-the-tents-on-fire-who-knew/|title=Hartford Circus Fire: "The Tent's on Fire!" – Who Knew? {{!}} ConnecticutHistory.org|website=connecticuthistory.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-30}}</ref> After [[World War II]], many people from [[Puerto Rico]] moved to Hartford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trincoll.edu/UrbanGlobal/CUGS/Faculty/research/Documents/A%20Decade%20of%20Change%20Puerto%20Rican%20Politics%20in%20Hartford,%20Connecticut,%201969-1979.pdf|title=A Decade of Change: Putero Rican Politics in Hartford Connecticut|last=Cruz|first=Jose|website=trincoll.edu|access-date=2017-04-29|archive-date=2016-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316144833/http://www.trincoll.edu/UrbanGlobal/CUGS/Faculty/research/Documents/A%20Decade%20of%20Change%20Puerto%20Rican%20Politics%20in%20Hartford,%20Connecticut,%201969-1979.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Riverfront Plaza was opened in 1999. This connected the riverfront and the downtown area for the first time since the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riverfront.org/about-us/our-history|title=Our History {{!}} Riverfront Recapture|website=www.riverfront.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11|archive-date=2018-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011214533/http://www.riverfront.org/about-us/our-history|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===21st century=== In July 2017, Hartford thought about filing [[Chapter 9, Title 11, United States Code|Chapter 9 bankruptcy]]. However, a state [[bailout]] later that year stopped the city from filing the form.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.courant.com/community/hartford/hc-hartford-bankruptcy-lawyer-20170706-story.html|title=Hartford Hires Bankruptcy Lawyer As City Officials Weigh Options|last=CARLESSO|first=JENNA|work=Courant Community|access-date=2017-07-09|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/Law-Firm-to-Help-Hartford-Evaluate-Restructuring-Efforts-Greenberg-Traurig-LLP-432939023.html|title=Law Firm to Help Hartford Evaluate Restructuring Efforts|work=NBC Connecticut|access-date=2017-07-09|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.courant.com/politics/hc-pol-malloy-defends-hartford-bailout-20180413-story.html|title=Gov. Malloy Defends Long-Term Hartford Bailout|last=Keating|first=Christopher|work=courant.com|access-date=2018-10-10|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Geography== [[File:Hartford Connecticut.jpg|thumb|left|Photograph of Hartford taken from the International Space Station (ISS)]] The [[United States Census Bureau]] says that the city has a total area of {{convert|18.0|sqmi|km2}}. Of that, {{convert|17.3|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.7|sqmi|km2|1}} (3.67%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ct.gov/ecd/cwp/view.asp?a=1106&q=250664|title=DECD: DECD:Connecticut Population, Land Area, and Density by Location|last=Office|first=Enter your Company or Top-Level|website=www.ct.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-04-30|archive-date=2016-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827022010/http://www.ct.gov/ecd/cwp/view.asp?a=1106&q=250664|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/POP060210/0937000|title=Population per square mile, 2010|website=www.census.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-04-30}}</ref> ===Climate=== Hartford is in the [[humid continental climate]] zone ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfa''). This means it has hot, humid summers and cold winters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/|title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map|website=planthardiness.ars.usda.gov|access-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/|archive-date=2014-02-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==People== {{US Census population |1790= 2683 |1800= 3523 |1810= 3955 |1820= 4726 |1830= 7074 |1840= 9468 |1850= 17966 |1860= 29152 |1870= 37180 |1880= 42015 |1890= 53230 |1900= 79850 |1910= 98915 |1920= 138036 |1930= 164072 |1940= 166267 |1950= 177397 |1960= 162178 |1970= 158017 |1980= 136392 |1990= 139739 |2000= 121578 |2010= 124775 |estyear=2018 |estimate=122587 |estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=May 23, 2019}}</ref> |footnote=Population 1800–1990<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060629035530/http://www.census.gov/population/documentation/twps0076/CTtab.pdf ]</ref> }} [[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Hartford (5559855047).png|thumb|left|Map of racial distribution in Hartford, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <span style="color:#f00;">'''White'''</span>, <span style="color:#00f;">'''Black'''</span>, <span style="color:#00ff80">'''Asian'''</span>, <span style="color:#ff8000">'''Hispanic'''</span> or '''other''' (yellow)]] The census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> of 2010 says that there were 124,775 people, 44,986 households, and 27,171 families living in the Hartford. The people were 29.8% [[White American|white]], 38.7% [[African American]] or black, 0.6% Native American, 2.8% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 23.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. 43.4% of the people were [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]], mostly from Puerto Rico. This amount is up from 32% in 1990.<ref>[http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/09/0937000.html Hartford (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508110327/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/09/0937000.html |date=2012-05-08 }}. Quickfacts.census.gov. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.</ref> [[Non-Hispanic Whites|Whites not of Latino background]] made up 15.8% of the people in 2010,<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/09/0937000.html |title=Hartford (city), Connecticut |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508110327/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/09/0937000.html |archive-date=2012-05-08 }}</ref> down from 63.9% in 1970.<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=2012-08-12 }}</ref> There were 44,986 households. Of that, 34.4% of them had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.2% were married couples living together, 29.6% had a woman with no husband, and 39.6% were not families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals. 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58. The average family size was 3.33.<ref name=":0" /> 30.1% of the people younger than 18, 12.6% were 18 to 24 years old, 29.8% were 25 to 44 years old, 18.0% were 45 to 64 years old, and 9.5% were 65 years old or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 women, there were 91.4 men. For every 100 women aged 18 and over, there were 86.0 men.<ref name=":0" /> The [[median]] [[income]] for a household in Hartford was $20,820. The median income for a family was $22,051. Men had a median income of $28,444. Women had a median income of $26,131. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,428.<ref name=":0" /> ==Politics and Government== Hartford has a strong [[mayor-council government]]. In 2003, Hartford voted to have a mayor-council system. They had a [[council-manager]] form for more than 50 years. Mayor [[Eddie Perez (politician)|Eddie Perez]] was first elected in 2001. He was re-elected with 76% of the vote in 2003. He was the first strong mayor elected under the new government system. He is credited with lowering crime, reforming the school system, and helping the economy in the city. However, his [[reputation]] was hurt by [[accusation]]s of [[corruption]].<ref name="hartfordinfo.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordinfo.org/issues/documents/government/htfd_courant_102807_1.asp |title=Mr. Perez For Mayor - HartfordInfo.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180238/http://www.hartfordinfo.org/issues/documents/government/htfd_courant_102807_1.asp |archive-date=2016-03-03 }}</ref> The current mayor is [[Luke Bronin]]. Connecticut cities provide almost all local services such as fire and rescue, education, and snow removal. This is because county government no longer exists in Connecticut since 1960.<ref>{{Cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/08/14/archives/connecticut-ends-county-rule-oct-1-state-to-take-over-historic.html | work=The New York Times | title=Connecticut Ends County Rule Oct. 1; State to Take Over Historic Government Units – Minor Court System Also to Go | date=1960-08-14 | access-date=2010-05-20}}</ref> In 2008, Hartford passed a law that gives services to all residents no matter what their [[Immigration to the United States|immigration]] was. That law also stops police from arresting people only because of their immigration status. It also stops police from asking about a person's immigration status. In 2016, Hartford said it was a "[[Sanctuary city]]", although the term itself does not have an legal meaning.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bronin Says Hartford to Remain a Sanctuary City |url=https://www.wnpr.org/post/mayor-bronin-says-hartford-remain-sanctuary-city |work=Connecticut Public Radio |date=November 18, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.municode.com/library/ct/hartford/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIIMUCO_CH2AD_ARTXXICISEREIMST|title=Hartford Municipal Code|website=www.municode.com|language=en|date=July 3, 2019}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:1em; font-size:95%;" |+ Hartford city vote<br/> by party in presidential elections<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://authoring.ct.gov/SOTS/Election-Services/Statement-Of-Vote-PDFs/General-Elections-Statement-of-Vote-1922|title=General Elections Statement of Vote 1922|website=CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website}}</ref> |- style="background:lightgrey;" ! Year ! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] ! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] ! [[Third party (United States)|Third Parties]] |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2016 United States presidential election|2016]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''90.22%''' ''30,375'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|7.52% ''2,531'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|2.26% ''761'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2012 United States presidential election|2012]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''93.24%''' ''31,735'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|6.28% ''2,138'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.48% ''164'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2008 United States presidential election|2008]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''91.75%''' ''31,741'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|7.76% ''2,686'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.49% ''170'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2004 United States presidential election|2004]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''79.64%''' ''22,595'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|16.29% ''4,623'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|4.07% ''1,154'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[2000 United States presidential election|2000]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''80.22%''' ''21,445'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|11.58% ''3,095'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|8.20% ''2,193'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1996 United States presidential election|1996]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''82.92%''' ''22,929'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|11.15% ''3,082'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|5.94% ''1,642'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1992 United States presidential election|1992]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''73.30%''' ''26,971'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|16.79% ''6,180'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|9.91% ''3,646'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1988 United States presidential election|1988]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''76.08%''' ''27,295'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|22.58% ''8,100'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.35% ''483'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1984 United States presidential election|1984]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''71.17%''' ''29,327'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|28.20% ''11,621'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.63% ''260'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1980 United States presidential election|1980]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''69.75%''' ''27,657'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|20.52% ''8,138'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|9.73% ''3,857'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1976 United States presidential election|1976]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''72.02%''' ''30,355'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|27.22% ''11,473'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.76% ''318'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1972 United States presidential election|1972]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''66.45%''' ''32,205'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|32.06% ''15,535'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|1.49% ''722'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1968 United States presidential election|1968]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''71.27%''' ''37,823'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|23.50% ''12,468'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|5.23% ''2,776'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1964 United States presidential election|1964]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''83.36%''' ''50,764'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|16.64% ''10,132'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.00% ''0'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1960 United States presidential election|1960]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''72.03%''' ''50,596'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|27.97% ''19,647'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.00% ''0'' |- |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[1956 United States presidential election|1956]] |align="center" {{Party shading/Democratic}}|'''54.79%''' ''40,790'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Republican}}|45.21% ''33,657'' |align="center" {{Party shading/Independent}}|0.00% ''0'' |} {| class=wikitable ! colspan = 7 | Voter registration and party enrollment as of November 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sots/ElectionServices/Registration_and_Enrollment_Stats/Nov17RPES.pdf?la=en |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-09-17 |archive-date=2018-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423102003/http://portal.ct.gov/-/media/sots/ElectionServices/Registration_and_Enrollment_Stats/Nov17RPES.pdf?la=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! Party ! Active voters ! Inactive voters ! Total voters ! Percent Change since 2015 <ref>http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/registration_and_enrollment_stats/nov15re.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-07-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050323/http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/lib/sots/electionservices/registration_and_enrollment_stats/nov15re.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-04</ref> ! Percentage |- {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | style="text-align:center;"| 36,756 | style="text-align:center;"| 4,510 | style="text-align:center;"| 41,266 | style="text-align:center;"| +0% | style="text-align:center;"| 67% |- {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2,085 | style="text-align:center;"| 242 | style="text-align:center;"| 2,327 | style="text-align:center;"| +14% | style="text-align:center;"| 4% |- {{Party shading/Independent}} | Unaffiliated | style="text-align:center;"| 14,827 | style="text-align:center;"| 2,117 | style="text-align:center;"| 16,944 | style="text-align:center;"| +21% | style="text-align:center;"| 28% |- ! Total ! style="text-align:center;"| 54,096 ! style="text-align:center;"| 6,942 ! style="text-align:center;"| 61,038 ! style="text-align:center;"| +5.8% ! style="text-align:center;"| 100% |} ===Emergency services=== The [[Hartford Fire Department]] provides all fire protection in Hartford. They have 12 fire stations in the Hartford. It is the fifth-biggest fire department in Connecticut. They also have a fire apparatus [[fleet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford.gov/fire/|title=Hartford.Gov - Hartford Fire Department}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford.gov/about-hfd|title=Hartford.Gov - About HFD|access-date=2019-09-17|archive-date=2013-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903032911/http://www.hartford.gov/about-hfd|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Hartford Police Department was created in 1860. Although, law enforcement in Hartford started in 1636.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartford.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2448|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313041231/http://www.hartford.gov/police/HistoryFolder/2008HistoryPage.htm|url-status=dead|title=Hartford.Gov - Department of Families, Children, Youth and Recreation|archive-date=March 13, 2008|website=www.hartford.gov}}</ref> It is at 253 High Street.It includes divisions such as [[animal control]], [[bomb]] squad, and detective bureau. Hartford uses private companies to provide ambulances, including Aetna Ambulance.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bordobaro|first1=Gregory|title=CT's ambulance services fragmented, consolidated|url=http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20130722/PRINTEDITION/307189922|access-date=5 April 2015|publisher=Hartford Business Journal|date=22 July 2013|archive-date=12 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412210050/http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20130722/PRINTEDITION/307189922|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Economy== [[File:Travelers Tower, Hartford, Connecticut.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Travelers Tower]] in Downtown Hartford]] Hartford is an important place for medical care, research, and education. In Hartford itself, the city has [[Hartford Hospital]], [[The Institute of Living]], [[Connecticut Children's Medical Center]], and [[Saint Francis Hospital & Medical Center]] (which merged in 1990 with [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Hartford)|Mount Sinai Hospital]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.connquest.com/ct/hospitals.html|title=Hospitals in Connecticut|website=www.connquest.com|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> In March 2018, [[Infosys]] said they would open a new technology innovation hub in Hartford. This would create up to 1,000 jobs by 2022. The Hartford technology innovation hub will focus on three key things- insurance, healthcare and manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20180314/NEWS01/180319950|title=Global IT giant Infosys to bring 1,000 jobs to Hartford|access-date=2019-09-17|archive-date=2018-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214153/http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/article/20180314/NEWS01/180319950|url-status=dead}}</ref> Local unemployment is high in Hartford compared to other cities, the state, and the nation. Hartford's unemployment rate of 7.5% in the fall of 2018 was the highest of the four biggest cities in Connecticut.<ref name="homefacts1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.homefacts.com/unemployment/Connecticut/Hartford-County/Hartford.html|title=Hartford, CT Unemployment &#124; Homefacts|website=www.homefacts.com}}</ref> As a whole, Connecticut's unemployment rate remains above 5% while the National rate hovers just under 4%.<ref name="homefacts1"/> ==Media== [[File:The Hartford Courant building in downtown Hartford, seen from I-84 East.jpg|thumb|The [[Hartford Courant]] Co. building]] The daily ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' [[newspaper]] is the United States's oldest continuously published newspaper. It was created in 1764. A weekly newspaper called the ''[[Hartford Advocate]]'' also serves Hartford and the surrounding area. Other newspapers include the ''[[American City Business Journals|Hartford Business Journal]]'' ("Greater Hartford's Business Weekly") and the weekly ''Hartford News''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://connecticuthistory.org/the-oldest-newspaper-in-continuous-publication/|title=The Oldest US Newspaper in Continuous Publication {{!}} ConnecticutHistory.org|website=connecticuthistory.org|date=29 October 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> The Hartford region also has some [[magazine]]s. They include the ''Hartford Magazine'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordmag.com/|title=Hartford Magazine - Hartford Courant}}</ref> a monthly lifestyle magazine serving Greater Hartford; ''CT Cottages & Gardens'';<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctcandg.com/|title=Connecticut Cottages & Gardens|access-date=2019-09-17|archive-date=2008-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312032824/http://www.ctcandg.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Connecticut Business'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctbizmag.com/ |title=Ctbizmag.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225141203/http://www.ctbizmag.com/ |archive-date=2007-02-25 }}</ref> a monthly magazine serving all of Connecticut; and ''Home Living CT'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homelivingct.com/|title=Home Living CT}}</ref> a home and garden magazine published five times per year. The Hartford/[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] [[television]] market is the 29th biggest media market in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordradiohistory.com/|title=Home Page|website=hartfordradiohistory|access-date=2017-03-04}}</ref> ==Education== ===Colleges and universities=== Hartford has many famous institutions such as [[Trinity College, Hartford|Trinity College]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=http://www.trincoll.edu/Pages/default.aspx|title=Trinity College|last=Webmaster|website=www.trincoll.edu|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-date=2017-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519211740/http://www.trincoll.edu/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Primary and secondary education=== [[Hartford Public Schools (Connecticut)|Hartford Public Schools]] runs the [[public school]] system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hartfordschools.org/|title=Hartford Public Schools {{!}} Where the Future is Present|website=www.hartfordschools.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> [[Hartford Public High School]], the nation's second-oldest high school, is in the Asylum Hill neighborhood of Hartford.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ky4x3QaSyFQC&dq=%22Hartford+Public+High+School%22+second+oldest&pg=PT112|title=Life in Civil War America|last=Varhola|first=Michael J.|date=2011-01-31|publisher=F+W Media, Inc.|isbn=978-1-4403-1088-1|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Connecticut Department of Education says that Hartford's high school graduation rate reached 71 percent in 2013.<ref>[http://www.courant.com/community/hartford/hc-high-school-graduation-rates-0515-20140514,0,2593504.story] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517115924/http://www.courant.com/community/hartford/hc-high-school-graduation-rates-0515-20140514,0,2593504.story |date=2014-05-17 }} The Hartford Courant. Retrieved on 2014-05-15.</ref> ==Transportation== ===Highways=== [[Interstate 84 (east)|I-84]] and [[Interstate 91|I-91]] intersect in downtown Hartford.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://connecticuthistory.org/the-interstate-highway-system-comes-to-hartford/|title=The Interstate Highway System Comes to Hartford {{!}} ConnecticutHistory.org|website=connecticuthistory.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> ===Rail=== [[File:HartfordUnionStation.jpg|thumb|right|Hartford's [[Union Station (Hartford)|Union Station]]]] [[Amtrak]] provides service from Hartford to [[Vermont]] via Springfield and southward to [[New Haven]]. The station also has many bus companies.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Contrada|first1=Fred|title=First passenger train in a generation stops at Northampton as new Amtrak service begins|url=http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2014/12/first_passenger_train_in_a_gen.html|access-date=5 December 2015|agency=MassLive.com|date=29 December 2014}}</ref> ===Airports=== [[Bradley International Airport]] (BDL) is in [[Windsor Locks, Connecticut]]. It has more than 150 flights every day. Those flights go to over 30 different places on 9 airlines. [[Connecticut Transit]] provides bus service between Bradley International Airport and downtown Hartford. Other airports serving the Hartford area include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bradleyairport.com/Flights/destinations.aspx |title=Destinations |publisher=Bradleyairport.com |date=2010-04-05 |access-date=2012-06-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604083658/http://www.bradleyairport.com/Flights/destinations.aspx |archive-date=2012-06-04 }}</ref> * [[Hartford-Brainard Airport]] (HFD), located in Hartford off [[Interstate 91|I-91]] and close to Wethersfield; has charter and local flights<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=HFD|title=AirportIQ 5010|website=www.gcr1.com|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171554/http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=HFD|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Westover Metropolitan Airport]] (CEF), located in [[Chicopee, Massachusetts]], {{convert|27|mi|km}} north of Hartford; hass commercial, local, charter, and military flights<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=CEF|title=AirportIQ 5010|website=www.gcr1.com|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215741/http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=CEF|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Tweed New Haven Regional Airport]] (HVN), located in New Haven; has [[American Eagle (airline brand)|American Eagle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=HVN|title=AirportIQ 5010|website=www.gcr1.com|access-date=2017-05-20|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175919/http://www.gcr1.com/5010web/airport.cfm?Site=HVN|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Bus=== [[Connecticut Transit]] (CTtransit) is owned by the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]]. The Hartford Division of CTtransit runs the local bus service in the city and the surrounding area. Hartford's Downtown Area Shuttle (DASH) bus route is a free downtown [[wikt:circulate|circulator]]. All city buses have [[bike rack]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cttransit.com/RoutesSchedules/Display.asp?DivID={7428A88D-DDD7-4910-9C2F-AD1E63B94375} |title=Hartford Routes & Schedules |publisher=CT Transit |access-date=November 19, 2015}}</ref> ===Bicycle=== There are bicycle lanes on many roads including Capitol Avenue, Zion Street, Scarborough Lane, Whitney, and South Whitney.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.courant.com/politics/hc-ct-bike-safety-laws-20150601-story.html|title=Bike Advocates Say Newly Passed Reforms Long Overdue|last=HLADKY|first=GREGORY B.|work=courant.com|access-date=2017-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Culture== The first American cookbook was ''American Cookery, The Art of Dressing Viands, Fish, Poultry, and Vegetables'' by Amelia Simons, was published in Hartford by Hudson & Goodwin in 1796. It was also the first cookbook to have [[recipe]]s for [[squash (plant)|squash]] and [[cornmeal]]. It also had the first published recipe for [[pumpkin pie]]. It influenced a generation of American baking with a recipe for leavening bread with pearl [[ash]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huget |first1=Jennifer |title=America's First Cookbook |journal=Hog River Journal |date=Spring 2006}}</ref> The full text of the book is available online.<ref name="Archive.org">{{cite web |title=Full text of "American Cookery: The Art of Dressing Viands, Fish, Poultry, and Vegetables" |url=https://archive.org/stream/americancookery12815gut/12815.txt |website=Archive.org |access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref> Hartford got [[praise]] from ''Food and Wine'' as "a foodie destination".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landsel |first1=David |title=A Good Thing Has Happened in Hartford |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/hartford-story-soil-coffee-shop |website=foodandwine.com |publisher=Food and Wine |access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Landsel |first1=David |title=Will Food Make People Fall in Love With Hartford? |url=https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/will-food-make-people-fall-in-love-hartford |website=foodandwine.com |publisher=Food and Wine |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626083317/https://www.foodandwine.com/travel/will-food-make-people-fall-in-love-hartford |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hartford has many seasonal farmers' markets.<ref>{{cite web |title=West End Farmers Market Strawberry Shortcake Day |url=http://www.connecticutmag.com/calendar/west-end-farmers-market-strawberry-shortcake-day/event_a0103608-6f53-11e8-8a7a-308d99b2d38c.html |website=connecticutmag.com |publisher=Connecticut Magazine |access-date=26 June 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Serving the Community, Satisfying the Palate |work=The New York Times |date=22 January 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/24/nyregion/24dinect.html |access-date=26 June 2018 |last1=Spiegel |first1=Jan Ellen }}</ref> The Hartford Regional Market is the biggest market between [[New York City]] and [[Boston]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Facts About the Hartford Regional Market |url=http://www.ct.gov/doag/cwp/view.asp?a=1370&q=259160 |website=ct.gov |publisher=Connecticut Department of Agriculture |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626082936/http://www.ct.gov/doag/cwp/view.asp?a=1370&q=259160 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Sports== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | Club ! scope="col" | League, Sport ! scope="col" | Venue ! scope="col" | Founded ! scope="col" | Titles |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Hartford Yard Goats]] | [[Eastern League (baseball)|EL]], Baseball | [[Dunkin' Donuts Park]] | 1973 | 2 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Hartford Wolf Pack]] | [[American Hockey League|AHL]], Ice hockey | [[XL Center]] | 1926 | 1 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Hartford Athletic]] | [[USL Championship|USLC]], Soccer | [[Dillon Stadium]] | 2019 | 0 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | Hartford Wanderers | [[USA Rugby]], Rugby Union | | 1966 | 0 |} The [[Hartford Wolf Pack]] of the [[American Hockey League]] plays [[ice hockey]] at the [[XL Center]] in downtown Hartford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordwolfpack.com/|title=Hartford Wolf Pack|last=Pack|first=Hartford Wolf|website=www.hartfordwolfpack.com|language=en|access-date=2017-05-21}}</ref> As of 2019, Hartford has a [[United Soccer League|USL]] team. They play in the 9,600 [[seat]] [[Dillon Stadium]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.uslsoccer.com/news_article/show/906108|title=Hartford Council Approves Dillon Stadium Deal|last=Staff|first=USLSoccer.com|date=2018-04-09|work=United Soccer League|access-date=2018-05-11|language=en-us}}</ref> ==Famous People== Hartford has had historically important people, such as [[dictionary]] [[author]] [[Noah Webster]] (1758–1843), inventor [[Sam Colt]] (1814–62), and American financier and industrialist [[J.P. Morgan]] (1837–1913).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://connecticuthistory.org/noah-webster-and-the-dream-of-a-common-language/|title=Noah Webster and the Dream of a Common Language {{!}} ConnecticutHistory.org|website=connecticuthistory.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.courant.com/courant-250/moments-in-history/hc-250-p3-sam-colt-innovation-in-connecticut-20141224-story.html|title=Part 3: An Industrial Ecosystem Emerges Around Sam Colt's Guns|last=HAAR|first=DAN|work=courant.com|access-date=2017-05-21|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://connecticuthistory.org/j-p-morgans-connecticut-roots/|title=J. P. Morgan's Connecticut Roots {{!}} ConnecticutHistory.org|website=connecticuthistory.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-21}}</ref> Some of America's most famous authors lived in Hartford, including [[Mark Twain]] (1835–1910). He moved to Hartford in 1874. Twain's next-door neighbor at Nook Farm was [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]] (1811–96). Poet [[Wallace Stevens]] (1879–1955) was an insurance executive in Hartford. World War II correspondent [[Lyn Crost]] (1915–97) lived in Hartford.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marktwainhouse.org/man/biography_main.php|title=Welcome to the Mark Twain House & Museum - Biography of Mark Twain|website=www.marktwainhouse.org|access-date=2017-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512074002/http://www.marktwainhouse.org/man/biography_main.php|archive-date=2017-05-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/|title=Welcome to the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center|website=www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org|access-date=2017-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/travel/for-the-poet-wallace-stevens-hartford-was-an-unlikely-muse.html|title=For the Poet Wallace Stevens, Hartford Was an Unlikely Muse|last=Gordinier|first=Jeff|date=2012-02-23|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.theindy.org/a/996|title=Writing the War: The Story of Lyn Crost B'38|access-date=2017-05-21|language=en}}</ref> ==Sister cities== Hartford has many [[sister cities]]. They include: {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{flagdeco|ISR}} [[Afula]], Israel * {{flagdeco|POL}} [[Bydgoszcz]], Poland * {{flagdeco|PRI}} [[Caguas]], Puerto Rico * {{flagdeco|TTO}} [[Couva]], Trinidad and Tobago * {{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Dongguan]], [[Guangdong]], China * {{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Floridia]], [[Sicily]], Italy * {{flagdeco|SLE}} [[Freetown]], Sierra Leone * {{flagdeco|UK}} [[Hertford]], [[Hertfordshire]], United Kingdom * {{flagdeco|BRA}} [[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]], Brazil * {{flagdeco|PRT}} [[Mangualde]], Portugal * {{flagdeco|JAM}} [[Morant Bay]], Jamaica * {{flagdeco|IRE}} [[New Ross]], Ireland * {{flagdeco|NIC}} [[Ocotal]], Nicaragua * {{flagdeco|GRC}} [[Thessaloniki]], Greece {{Div col end}} == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|wikt=Hartford|commons=Category:Hartford, Connecticut|b=no|n=no|q=no|s=no|v=no|voy=Hartford|species=no|d=Q33486}} * {{official website|http://www.hartford.gov}} * [http://www.metrohartford.com/ Chamber of Commerce] * {{Wikisource-inline|list= ** {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Hartford |short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite Americana |last=Morgan |first=Forrest |wstitle=Hartford (Connecticut)|display=Hartford, Conn.|short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Hartford |short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite CE1913 |last=Duggan |first=Thomas Stephen |wstitle=Diocese of Hartford |short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Hartford |short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Hartford|year=1905 |short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite EB9|wstitle=Hartford|volume=11 |short=x |noicon=x}} ** {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Hartford (city)|display=Hartford, a city in the town of the same name|first=J. W. |last=Hawes |short=x |noicon=x}} }} {{Commonscat-inline}} * [https://en.m.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hartford Hartford] -Wikivoyage {{Hartford County, Connecticut}} {{Connecticut}} {{United States state capitals}} [[Category:Hartford, Connecticut| ]] [[Category:State capitals in the United States]] [[Category:1630s establishments in Connecticut]] [[Category:1637 establishments]] [[Category:County seats in Connecticut]] b19ai0sek345czh64iamgaabd1io1gt 0 24176 10883029 10870245 2026-06-10T09:33:05Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10883029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University |name = Chulalongkorn University |native_name = จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย (จุฬาฯ) |image = Phra Kiao.svg |caption = emblem of Chulalongkorn University |motto = |established = March 26, 1917 |type = [[Public university|Public]] |president = Prof. Bundhit Eua-arporn, Ph.D. <br /> ([[:th:บัณฑิต เอื้ออาภรณ์|บัณฑิต เอื้ออาภรณ์]]) |campus = [[Urban area|Urban]] |former_names = Royal Pages School, Civil Service College of King Chulalongkorn |city = [[Bangkok]] |country = [[Thailand]] |coor = {{Coord|13.73826|N|100.532413|E|display=inline,title}} |students = 36,199<ref>Chulalongkorn University Registration Office data on students [http://www.reg.chula.ac.th/statistics/statistics1.html]. Last updated March 28, 2011.</ref> |undergrad = 22,575 |postgrad = 10,384 |doctoral = 2,422 |free_label = Symbolic tree |free = [[Rain tree]] |colours = {{color box|#DE6FA1}} Pink |affiliations = [[Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning|ASAIHL]], [[ASEAN University Network|AUN]], [[Association of Pacific Rim Universities|APRU]] |website = [http://www.chula.ac.th/cuen/index.htm www.chula.ac.th] |footnotes = }} '''Chulalongkorn University''' ({{lang-th|จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย}}) is the oldest [[university]] in [[Thailand]]. It has been ranked as the number 1 university in Thailand.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url = http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2016#sorting=rank+region=+country=131+faculty=+stars=false+search=|title = QS University Rankings: Asia 2016|date = 2016-06-08|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url = http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2016|title = QS World University Rankings 2016|date = 2016-08-25|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url = http://cwur.org/2016/thailand.php|title = CWUR 2016 {{!}} Top Universities in Thailand|website = cwur.org|accessdate = 2016-09-16|archive-date = 2021-03-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210302045956/https://cwur.org/2016/thailand.php|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web|url = http://roundranking.com/ranking.html|title = RANKINGS|website = roundranking.com|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web|url = http://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2016/list|title = CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016|first = Centre for Science and Technology Studies|last = (CWTS)|website = CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016|language = en|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> It is in [[Bangkok]] (the capital city of Thailand). It was [[wikt:founder|founded]] in 1917. Currently, there are about 30,000 students. The name of the university comes from the name of one of the [[king]]s of Thailand, [[Chulalongkorn]] (Rama V). == Rankings == {| style="float:right; width:17%; text-align:center;" class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Ranking |- ! style="background:gainsboro;" colspan="2" |<small>National Ranking</small> |- |<small>'''QS Asia''' (2016)</small> |1<ref name=":02" /> |- | style="width:10%;" |<small>'''QS World''' (2018)</small> | style="width:5%;" |<small>1</small><ref name=":12" /> |- |QS GER (2017) |1<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/employability-rankings/2017|title=QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017|first=|last=|website=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> |- |CWUR (2016) |1<ref name=":22" /> |- |RUR (2016) |1<ref name=":32" /> |- |CWTS (2016) |1<ref name=":42" /> |- |THE World (2016) |2<ref name=":52">{{Cite web|url = https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2016/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/country/846/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only|title = World University Rankings|date = 2015-09-30|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> |- |SIR (2016) |2<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|url = http://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?sector=Higher%2520educ.&country=THA|title = Scimago Institutions Rankings|website = www.scimagoir.com|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> |- |Nature Index (2016) |1<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|url = http://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2016/institution/all/all/countries-Thailand|title = 2016 tables: Institutions {{!}} 2016 tables {{!}} Institutions {{!}} Nature Index|website = www.natureindex.com|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> |- |U.S. News (2016) |2<ref name=":82">{{Cite web|url = https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?region=&name=|title = Top World University Rankings {{!}} US News Best Global Universities|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> |- |UI Green Metric (2015) |1<ref name=":92">{{Cite web|url = http://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/overall-ranking-2015/|title = Overall Ranking 2015 {{!}} Greenmetric UI|website = greenmetric.ui.ac.id|accessdate = 2016-09-16|archive-date = 2020-10-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201027181959/http://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/overall-ranking-2015/|url-status = dead}}</ref> |- ! style="background:gainsboro;" colspan="2" |<small>Global</small> |- | style="width:10%;" |<small>'''QS Asia''' (2016)</small> | style="width:5%;" |<small>45</small><ref name=":02" /> |- | style="width:10%;" |<small>'''QS World''' (2018)</small> | style="width:5%;" |<small>245</small><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2018|title=QS World University Rankings 2018|date=2017-06-05|newspaper=Top Universities|access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref> |- |QS GER (2017) |151-200<ref name=":10" /> |- |CWUR (2016) |320<ref name=":22" /> |- |RUR (2017) |398<ref name=":32" /> |- |CWTS (2016) |432<ref name=":42" /> |- |THE World (2016) |601 -800<ref name=":52" /> |- |SIR (2016) |475<ref name=":62" /> |- |U.S. News (2016) |579<ref name=":82" /> |- |UI Green Metric (2015) |30<ref name=":92" /> |} * In the QS Asia University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn has been ranked as the top Thai university and ranked 45th in Asia<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2016#sorting=rank+region=+country=131+faculty=+stars=false+search=|title = QS University Rankings: Asia 2016|date = 2016-06-08|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> * In the [[QS World University Rankings]] 2018. Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and ranked 245nd in the world<ref name=":1" /> * In the Center for World University Ranking or CWUR, Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and 320th in world rankings in 2016, considered by alumni, researches, quality of curriculums and instructors.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://cwur.org/2016/thailand.php|title = CWUR 2016 {{!}} Top Universities in Thailand|website = cwur.org|accessdate = 2016-09-16|archive-date = 2021-03-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210302045956/https://cwur.org/2016/thailand.php|url-status = dead}}</ref> * In the Round University Ranking. Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and ranked 398th in the world.<ref name=":32"/> * In the CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016. Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and ranked 432nd in the world.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url = http://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2016/list|title = CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016|first = Centre for Science and Technology Studies|last = (CWTS)|website = CWTS Leiden Ranking 2016|language = en|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> * In the THE World University Rankings 2016. Chulalongkorn was ranked 601- 800 in the world.<ref name=":52"/> * In the SCImago institutions Ranking, which ranks international researches of universities. Chulalongkorn was ranked 475th in World rankings in 2016, up six places from last year.<ref name=":62"/> * In the U.S. News. Chulalongkorn was ranked 579th in the world.<ref name=":82"/> considered by the university's reputation, medium, citations, international cooperation, quantity of PhD students, etc. '''QS World University Ranking by Subject 2017'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chula.ac.th/en/archive/6593|title=CU Subjects Top Country's List in QS World University Ranking by Subject 2017|accessdate=2017-03-16|archive-date=2016-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111141504/http://www.chula.ac.th/en/archive/6593|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !World rank !Subject |- |51 – 100 | * Chemical Engineering * Modern Languages |- |101 – 150 | * Architecture / Built Environment * Pharmacy & Pharmacology * Environmental Sciences * Geography * Accounting & Finance |- |151 – 200 | * Art & Design * Linguistics * Civil & Structural Engineering * Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering * Electrical Engineering * Medicine * Chemistry * Materials Sciences * Business & Management |- |201 – 250 | * Biological Sciences * Economics & Econometrics |- |251 – 300 | * Computer Science & Information system |- |301 –350 | * Physics & Astronomy |} '''27 subjects that CU tops in the country's list includes:''' Arts & Humanities * Anthropology * English Language & Literature * History * Modern Languages * Linguistics * Philosophy Engineering & Technology * Chemical Engineering * Computer Science * Electrical Engineering * Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing Engineering * Mineral & Mining Engineering Life Sciences & Medicine * Biological Sciences * Dentistry * Psychology * Veterinary Science Natural Sciences * Physics & Astronomy * Mathematics * Environmental Sciences * Earth & Marine Sciences * Chemistry * Materials Sciences * Geography [[Social sciences|Social Sciences]] & Management * Accounting & Finance * Communication & [[Media studies|Media Studies]] * Social Policy & Administration * Economics & Econometrics * Politics & International Studies '''9 subjects that CU comes in second on the country's list includes:''' Arts & Humanities * Architecture / Built Environment Engineering & Technology * Engineering – Civil & Structural Life Sciences & Medicine * Medicine * Nursing * Pharmacy & Pharmacology Social Sciences & Management * Education * Business & Management * Sociology * Statistics & Operational Research '''3 subjects that CU ranks third in the country's list includes:''' Arts & Humanities * Performing Arts Social Sciences & Management * Development Studies * Law '''Other Rankings''' * QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017 indicates the impressive alumni outcomes or the strongest reputation among employers. Chulalongkorn University has been ranked as Number 1 in Thailand and 151-200 in the World.^[22] * In the Nature Index, the affiliations of high quality scientific articles. Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in Thailand in 2016.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url = http://www.natureindex.com/annual-tables/2016/institution/all/all/countries-Thailand|title = 2016 tables: Institutions {{!}} 2016 tables {{!}} Institutions {{!}} Nature Index|website = www.natureindex.com|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> * In the UI Green Metric, Chulalongkorn was ranked the 1st in national rankings and the 30th in world rankings.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url = http://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/overall-ranking-2015/|title = Overall Ranking 2015 {{!}} Greenmetric UI|website = greenmetric.ui.ac.id|accessdate = 2016-09-16|archive-date = 2020-10-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201027181959/http://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/overall-ranking-2015/|url-status = dead}}</ref> considered by Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and [[Climate change|Climate Change]], Waste, Water, Transportation and Education. * The Webometric ranking indicates quantity and quality is the university's medium, considered by being searched by search engines, online documents and citations in Google Scholar. Chulalongkorn was ranked 407th in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.webometrics.info/en/world|title = World {{!}} Ranking Web of Universities|website = www.webometrics.info|accessdate = 2016-09-16}}</ref> == International Programs == [http://www.inter.chula.ac.th/ International Programs offered at Chulalongkorn University] === Undergraduate === {| class="wikitable" !Faculty/College/School !Degree !Calendar System !Programs |- | rowspan="2" |Architecture |B.Sc. |Semester |Architectural Design |- |B.A. |Semester |Communication Design |- |Arts |B.A. |Semester |Language and Culture |- | rowspan="2" |Commerce and Accountancy |B.B.A. |Semester |Accounting |- |B.B.A. |Semester |International Business Management |- |Communication Arts |B.A. |Semester |Communication Management |- |Economics |B.A. |Semester |Economics |- | rowspan="4" |Engineering |B.Eng. |Semester |Aerospace Engineering |- |B.Eng. |Semester |Automotive Design and Manufacturing Engineering |- |B.Eng. |Semester |Information and Communication Engineering |- |B.Eng. |Semester |Nano Engineering |- |Psychology |B.Sc. |Semester |Psychological Science |- |Science |B.Sc. |Semester |Applied Chemistry |} === Graduate === {| class="wikitable" !Faculty/College/School !Degree !Calendar System !Programs !Faculty/College/School !Degree !Calendar System !Programs |- |Allied Health Sciences |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Food and Nutrition |Nursing |Ph.D. |Semester |Nursing Science |- |Architecture |M.Arch. |Semester |Architectural Design | rowspan="3" |Pharmaceutical Science |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Pharmaceutical Technology |- |Arts |M.A./Ph.D |Semester |Thai Studies |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Social and Administrative Pharmacy |- | rowspan="6" |Commerce and Accountancy |M.M. |Semester |International Business Management |Ph.D |Semester |Pharmaceutical Care |- |M.Sc. |Trimester |Finance | rowspan="2" |Political Science |M.A. |Trimester |International Development Studies |- |M.Sc. |Trimester |Financial Engineering |M.A. |Trimester |Governance |- |D.B.A. |Semester |Business Administration (Management/Finance/Marketing) | rowspan="3" |Science |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Computer Science and Information Technology |- |Ph.D. |Semester |Information Technology in Business |M.Sc. |Semester |Food Science and Technology |- |Ph.D. |Semester |Quantitative Finance |M.Sc. |Trimester |Petroleum Geoscience |- |Communication Arts |M.A. |Semester |Strategic Communication Management | rowspan="12" |Graduate School |Grad.Dip. |Semester |Fashion Business |- | rowspan="2" |Dentistry |M.Sc. |Semester |Esthetic Restorative and Implant Dentistry |M.A. |Semester |Cultural Management |- |Ph.D. |Semester |Dental Public Health |M.A./Ph.D. |Semester |English as an International Language |- | rowspan="5" |Economics |M.A. |Trimester |Business and Managerial Economics |M.A./Ph.D. |Trimester |European Studies |- |M.A. |Trimester |International Economics and Finance |M.A./Ph.D. |Semester |Environment, Development, and Sustainability |- |M.A. |Trimester |Labour Economics and Human Resource Management |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management |- |M.Sc. |Trimester |Health Economics and Health Care Management |M.A. |Semester |Korean Studies |- |Ph.D. |Trimester |Economics |M.A. |Trimester |Russian Studies |- | rowspan="2" |Education |Higher Grad. Dip. |Semester |Higher Education Management |M.A. |Semester |Southeast Asian Studies |- |M.Ed. |Semester |Teaching English as a Foreign Language |Ph.D |Semester |Agricultural Technology |- | rowspan="4" |Engineering |M.Eng |Semester |Engineering Management |Ph.D |Semester |Logistics Management and Supply Chain Management |- |M.Eng |Semester |Petroleum Engineering |Ph.D |Semester |Nanoscience and Technology |- |M.Eng |Semester |Georesources and Petroleum Engineering | rowspan="2" |Public Health Sciences |M.P.H./Ph.D. |Trimester |Public Health |- |D.Eng. |Semester |Civil Engineering |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Trimester |Public Health Sciences |- |Law |LL.M. |Trimester |Business Law | rowspan="3" |SASIN |M.B.A./M.Sc./Executive |Module |Business Administration |- | rowspan="4" |Medicine |M.Sc. |Semester |Health Development |Grad.Dip./M.Sc. |Module |Human Resource Management |- |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Medical Sciences |Ph.D. |Quarters |Business Administration (Finance/Marketing) |- |M.Sc./Ph.D. |Semester |Clinical Sciences | rowspan="3" |Petroleum and Petrochemical |M.S |Semester |Petroleum Technology |- |Ph.D. |Semester |Biomedical Sceince and Biotechnology |M.S./Ph.D. |Semester |Petrochemical Technology |- | colspan="4" | |M.S./Ph.D. |Semester |Polymer Science |} == Scholarships == === Research Scholarships === * The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Scholarship * CU.Graduate School Thesis Grant * Overseas Research Experience Scholarship for Graduate Student * Overseas Academic Presentation Scholarship for Graduate Students * Overseas Academic Presentation Scholarship Option II for Graduate Student's and Postdoctoral Fellow's Publication * Domestic Academic Presentation Scholarship for Graduate Student * Postdoctoral Fellowship === Education Scholarships === * The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University for Doctoral Scholarship * H.M. the King Bhumibhol Adulyadej's 72nd Birthday Anniversary Scholarship * Thainess Study Schorlarship for Graduate Students * 60/40 Support for Tuition Fee * Teaching Assistant Scholarship * Research Assistant Scholarship * Tuition fees Scholarship for Master to Doctoral * ASEAN Scholarship * Scholarship for International Graduate Students for more details see [http://www.grad.chula.ac.th/eng/ Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University.] ==Living in University== Normally, this university spends 4 years for studying the same as other universities but Faculty of Education, and Faculty of Architecture spends 5 years for studying. While Faculty of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Dentistry spends 6 years. ==Related pages== * [[List of Bangkok universities]] == References == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Colleges and universities in Thailand]] [[Category:1917 establishments]] [[Category:Bangkok]] [[Category:20th-century establishments in Thailand]] [[Category:1910s establishments in Asia]] lxsp20dgrgho1570o9lmqk98gaf915k 0 31688 10883040 10829751 2026-06-10T09:46:02Z Lp0 on fire 1686699 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-24809-61|~2026-24809-61]] ([[User talk:~2026-24809-61|talk]]) to last version by ~2025-43791-36: cross-wiki spam 10698938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Doha |native_name = {{Rtl-lang|ar|الدوحة}}<br />''ad-Dawḥa'' | settlement_type = [[Metropolis]] |image_skyline = Doha skyline in the morning (12544910974).jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Doha skyline in the morning | image_flag = |pushpin_map = Qatar |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Doha within Qatar |coordinates = {{coord|25|17|12|N|51|32|0|E|type:city_region:QA-DA|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Qatar}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Qatar|Municipality]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Ad-Dawhah (municipality)|Ad-Dawhah]] |established_title = Established |established_date = 1825 |total_type = metropolis |area_total_km2 = 132 |area_metro_km2 = |population_total = 3,148,978 |population_as_of = 2026 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_metro = N/A |timezone1 = AST |utc_offset1 = +3 |website = |footnotes = |type = City }}{{More sources|date=June 2021}} '''Doha''' (Arabic: الدوحة;, Ad-Dawḥah or Ad-Dōḥah) is the [[capital city]] of [[Qatar]]. It has a population of '''673,000''' '''(2025)''' and is at 25.3° N 51.5333° E, on the [[Persian Gulf]]. The city has an airport called [[Doha International Airport]], In 2014, Qatar Opened It's Biggest Airport Named [[Hamad International Airport]]. Doha also has major [[gasoline|oil]] and [[fishing]] industries. Doha has an area devoted to [[research]] and [[education]] called [[Education City]].In 2006 The Asian Games Was Held In Doha From December 1 to December 15. Doha's leader is a [[sheikh]] named [[Sheikh Tamim]]. The official language of Doha is English and Arabic. The biggest mall in Qatar is Qatar Mall. ==Climate== Doha has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The average high temperatures between May and September surpass 38 °C (100 °F) and often approach 45 °C (113 °F). Humidity is usually the lowest in May and June. Dewpoints can surpass 30 °C (86 °F) in the summer. Throughout the summer, the city averages almost no precipitation, and less than 20 mm (0.79 in) during other months. Rainfall is scarce, at a total of 75 mm (2.95 in) per year, falling on isolated days mostly between October to March. The winter's days are relativity warm while the sun is up and cool during the night. The temperature rarely drops below 7 °C (45 °F). {{Weather box |location = Doha (1962–2025, extremes 1962–2025) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 32.4°C |Feb record high C = 36.5°C |Mar record high C = 41.5°C |Apr record high C = 46.0°C |May record high C = 47.7°C |Jun record high C = 49.1°C |Jul record high C = 50.4°C |Aug record high C = 48.6°C |Sep record high C = 46.2°C |Oct record high C = 43.8°C |Nov record high C = 38.0°C |Dec record high C = 32.7°C |year record high C = 49.8°C |Jan high C = 22.0 |Feb high C = 23.4 |Mar high C = 27.3 |Apr high C = 32.5 |May high C = 38.8 |Jun high C = 41.6 |Jul high C = 41.9 |Aug high C = 40.9 |Sep high C = 38.9 |Oct high C = 35.4 |Nov high C = 29.6 |Dec high C = 24.4 |year high C = 33.05 |Jan mean C = 17.5 |Feb mean C = 18.5 |Mar mean C = 21.7 |Apr mean C = 26.4 |May mean C = 31.8 |Jun mean C = 34.5 |Jul mean C = 35.3 |Aug mean C = 34.8 |Sep mean C = 32.8 |Oct mean C = 29.5 |Nov mean C = 24.6 |Dec mean C = 19.6 |year mean C = 27.3 |Jan low C = 13.5 |Feb low C = 14.4 |Mar low C = 17.3 |Apr low C = 21.4 |May low C = 26.1 |Jun low C = 28.5 |Jul low C = 30.2 |Aug low C = 30.0 |Sep low C = 27.7 |Oct low C = 24.6 |Nov low C = 20.4 |Dec low C = 15.6 |year low C = 22.5 |Jan record low C = 3.8 |Feb record low C = 5.0 |Mar record low C = 8.2 |Apr record low C = 10.5 |May record low C = 15.2 |Jun record low C = 21.0 |Jul record low C = 23.5 |Aug record low C = 22.4 |Sep record low C = 20.3 |Oct record low C = 16.6 |Nov record low C = 11.8 |Dec record low C = 6.4 |year record low C = 3.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 13.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 17.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 16.1 |Apr precipitation mm = 8.7 |May precipitation mm = 3.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 1.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 3.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 12.1 |year precipitation mm = 75.2 |Jan humidity = 71 |Feb humidity = 70 |Mar humidity = 63 |Apr humidity = 52 |May humidity = 44 |Jun humidity = 41 |Jul humidity = 49 |Aug humidity = 55 |Sep humidity = 62 |Oct humidity = 63 |Nov humidity = 66 |Dec humidity = 71 |year humidity = 59 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.7 |Feb precipitation days = 2.1 |Mar precipitation days = 1.8 |Apr precipitation days = 1.4 |May precipitation days = 0.2 |Jun precipitation days = 0.0 |Jul precipitation days = 0.0 |Aug precipitation days = 0.0 |Sep precipitation days = 0.0 |Oct precipitation days = 0.1 |Nov precipitation days = 0.2 |Dec precipitation days = 1.3 |year precipitation days = 8.8 |Jan sun = 244.9 |Feb sun = 224.0 |Mar sun = 241.8 |Apr sun = 273.0 |May sun = 325.5 |Jun sun = 342.0 |Jul sun = 325.5 |Aug sun = 328.6 |Sep sun = 306.0 |Oct sun = 303.8 |Nov sun = 276.0 |Dec sun = 241.8 |year sun = 3432.9 |Jand sun = 7.9 |Febd sun = 8.0 |Mard sun = 7.8 |Aprd sun = 9.1 |Mayd sun = 10.5 |Jund sun = 11.4 |Juld sun = 10.5 |Augd sun = 10.6 |Sepd sun = 10.2 |Octd sun = 9.8 |Novd sun = 9.2 |Decd sun = 7.8 |yeard sun = 9.4 |source 1 = NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/QR/41170.TXT | title = Doha International Airport Climate Normals 1962-1992 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | accessdate = September 29, 2016}}</ref> |source 2 = Qatar Meteorological Department (Climate Normals 1962–2025)<ref name = DWD>{{cite web | url = http://www.qweather.gov.qa/ClimateInfo.aspx | title = Climate Information For Doha | publisher = Qatar Meteorological Department | language = English | accessdate = November 27, 2016 | archive-date = November 27, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220143/http://www.qweather.gov.qa/ClimateInfo.aspx | url-status = dead }}</ref>}} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width: 90%;" ! colspan="12"|Doha mean sea temperature<ref name="Seatemperature">{{cite web| url = http://www.seatemperature.org/middle-east/qatar/doha-march.htm|title= Monthly Doha water temperature chart |publisher=Seatemperatures.org |accessdate=2014-01-20 }}</ref> |- !Jan !Feb !Mar !Apr !May !Jun !Jul !Aug !Sep !Oct !Nov !Dec |- |{{convert|20.5|°C}} |{{convert|19.1|°C}} |{{convert|20.9|°C}} |{{convert|23.7|°C}} |{{convert|28.2|°C}} |{{convert|30.9|°C}} |{{convert|32.8|°C}} |{{convert|33.9|°C}} |{{convert|33.1|°C}} |{{convert|31.0|°C}} |{{convert|27.4|°C}} |{{convert|23.1|°C}} |} == Borders == Doha is bordered by [[Saudi Arabia]] on its south. On its north, it is bordered by the [[Persian Gulf]]. The nearest oversea country is [[Bahrain]]. == Education == * [[HEC Paris in Qatar]] * [[Doha College British International School]] * [[American School of Doha]] * [[Qatar International Doha]] * [[Doha British School Ain Khaled]] * [[Doha International School]] * [[Global Academy International]] == References == {{Commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{Arab Capital of Culture}} {{geo-stub}} [[Category:Doha| ]] 5qtdj67o9x3xrwwu9siereubzlbv0ed 0 31763 10882943 9950561 2026-06-10T05:22:17Z ~2026-34015-38 1819477 /* Animals */ 10882943 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''national emblem''' is an official [[symbol]] for a country. It can be an [[animal]], a [[plant]], an inanimate thing. National emblems appear for example on ''[[flag]]s''. ==Animals== *[[Albania]] – [[Eagle]] *[[Argentina]] – [[Turtle]] *[[Australia]] – [[Kangaroo]], [[Emu]] *[[Austria]] – Black [[eagle]] *[[Bangladesh]] – [[Bengal tiger]] (National mammal), [[Dugong]] (National aquatic marine mammal), [[Oriental magpie-robin]] (National bird), [[Pallas's fish eagle]] (National bird of prey) ''([[Bangladesh Air Force]])'' (unofficial), [[Tiger]] (National carnivore), [[Red-breasted parakeet|Moustached parakeet]] (National pet), [[Bangladeshi native horse]] (National horse breed), [[Phayre's leaf monkey|Phayre's leaf langur]] (National monkey), [[Sloth bear]] (National heritage animal), [[White-breasted waterhen]] (National heritage bird), [[Gharial]] and [[Indian softshell turtle]] (National reptile), [[Hylarana tytleri|Leaf rain frog]] (National amphibian), [[Tenualosa ilisha|Hilsha herring]] (National fish), [[Black garden ant|Common house ant]] (National insect), [[Golden birdwing]] (National butterfly) *[[Belgium]] – [[Lion]] ([[Leo Belgicus]]) *[[Bhutan]] - [[Takin]] (''Budorcas taxicolor tibetana'') *[[Bolivia]] – [[llama]] *[[Brazil]] – Rufous-bellied thrush, ''Turdus rufiventris'' *[[Brittany]] – [[Stoat]] *[[Bulgaria]] – [[Lion]] *[[Cambodia]] – [[:en:Kouprey|Kouprey]] (mammal), Giant ibis (bird), [[:en:Northern_river_terrapin|Asian river terrapin]] (reptile), [[Cyprinidae|Giant Barb]] (fish) *[[Canada]] – [[Beaver]], [[Canada goose]] (unofficial) *[[Catalonia]] – [[Donkey]] *[[Chile]] – [[Condor]], Huemul *[[China]] – [[Chinese dragon|Dragon]] (historical), [[Giant panda]], [[Tiger]] (unofficial) *[[Colombia]] – [[Andean condor]] *[[Czech Republic]] – [[Lion]] *[[Denmark]] – [[Lion]] *[[East Timor]] – [[Crocodile]] *[[Egypt]] – [[Saladin|Saladin's]] [[eagle]] *[[England]] – [[Lion]] *[[Eritrea]] – [[Camel]] *[[Estonia]] – [[Barn swallow]] *[[Finland]] – [[Lion]], [[Whooper swan]], [[Brown bear]], [[European perch]], [[Lady beetle|Ladybird]] *[[France]] – [[Chicken]] *[[Germany]] – Black [[eagle]] (''Bundesadler''), [[Leopard]] (unofficial), formerly [[Tiger]] and [[Eagle]] under Nazi Germany *[[Guatemala]] – [[Resplendent quetzal|Quetzal]] *[[Hawaii]] - [[Nēnē|Nene bird]] *[[Iceland]] – [[Falcon]] *[[India]] – [[Indian elephant]] (National animal), [[South Asian river dolphin]] (National aquatic marine mammal), [[Blue peafowl]] (National birds), [[Haliastur indus|Brahminy kite]] (National bird of prey) ''([[Indian Air Force]])'' (unofficial), [[Asiatic lion]] (National predator), [[Indian Spitz|Indian spitz]] and [[Blue-winged parakeet]] (National pets), [[Marwari horse]] (National horse breed), [[Langur|Gray langur]] (National mammal), [[Tiger]] (National heritage animal), [[Sarus crane]] (National heritage bird), [[King cobra]] (National reptile), [[Purple frog|Pignose frog]] (National amphibian), [[Indian mackerel]] (National fish), [[Heterometrus swammerdami|Giant forest scorpion]] (National insect) and [[Teinopalpus imperialis]] (National butterfly) *[[Italy]] – [[Wolf]] (unofficial) *[[Indonesia]] – [[Garuda]], [[Komodo dragon]] *[[Japan]] – [[Pheasant]], [[Crane (bird)|Crane]] *[[Laos]] – [[Elephant]] *[[Malaysia]] – [[Malayan tiger]] *[[Malta]] – Blue rock thrush *[[Mexico]] – [[Golden eagle]] *[[Moldova]] – [[Aurochs|Auroch]] *[[Montenegro]] – [[Lion]] *[[Nepal]] – [[Tiger]] *[[Netherlands]] – [[Lion]] *[[New Zealand]] – [[Kiwi]] *[[Pakistan]] – [[Markhor]] (National animal), [[Asiatic lion]] (unofficial), [[South Asian river dolphin]] (National aquatic marine mammal), [[Chukar]] (National bird), [[Shaheen falcon]] (National bird of prey) ''([[Pakistan Air Force]])'' (unofficial), [[Snow leopard]] (National predator), [[Himalayan cat|Pakistani cat]] and [[Rose-ringed parakeet]] (National pets), [[Hirzai]] (National horse breed), [[Rhesus macaque]] (National mammal), [[Camel]] (National heritage animal), [[Blue peafowl]] (National heritage bird), [[Mugger crocodile]] (National reptile), [[Duttaphrynus stomaticus|Indus Valley toad]] (National amphibian), [[Tor putitora|Golden Mahseer]] (National fish), [[Diorhabda meridionalis|Tamarisk Leaf Beetle]] and [[Apis cerana indica|Indian Honey Bee]] (National insects) and [[Mimathyma ambica|Indian purple emperor]] (National butterfly) *[[Panama]] – [[Harpy eagle]] *[[Papua New Guinea]] - [[Bird-of-paradise|Bird of paradise]] *[[Peru]] - [[Vicuña]] *[[Philippines]] – [[Philippine eagle]], Carabao *[[Poland]] – White [[eagle]] *[[Portugal]] – Galo de Barcelos, [[Chicken]] *[[Romania]] – Golden [[eagle]] *[[Russia]] – [[Bear]], golden two-headed [[eagle]] *[[Scotland]] – Red [[lion]] (also known as the Rampant Lion) *[[Serbia]] – White two-headed [[eagle]] *[[Singapore]] – [[Merlion]], [[Lion]] *[[South Africa]] – [[Springbok]] *[[South Korea]] – [[Magpie]] (bird), [[Siberian tiger]] (unofficial animal) *[[Soviet Union]] – [[Siberian tiger]] *[[Spain]] – [[Spanish Fighting Bull]] *[[Sri Lanka]] – [[Lion]] *[[Sudan]] – [[Secretarybird]] *[[Sweden]] – [[Lion]] *[[Thailand]] – [[Elephant]] *[[Uganda]] – [[Grey crowned crane]] *[[United Kingdom]] – [[Lion]], [[Bulldog]], [[European robin]] *[[United States]] – [[Bald eagle]] *[[Venezuela]] – Turpial *[[Vietnam]] - [[Water buffalo]] *[[Wales]] – Red [[dragon]] (''[[Welsh Dragon|Y Ddraig Goch]]'') ==People== *[[Albania]] – Gjergj Kastrioti [[Skanderbeg]] *[[Bangladesh]] – [[Bangamata]] *[[Cambodia]] – Preah Thaong and Neang Neak, Jayavarman VII (unofficial) *[[Canada]] – Johnny Canuck *[[Czech Republic]] - Jára Cimrman *[[Denmark]] – Holger Danske *[[Finland]] – [[Finnish Maiden]] *[[France]] – [[Marianne]] *[[Germany]] – Deutscher Michel, Germania *[[Hawaii]] - King Kamehameha *[[Iceland]] – Woman of the mountains *[[India]] – [[Bharatmata]] *[[Ireland]] - [[Erin]], [[Ireland|Hibernia]] *[[Mexico]] – [[Miguel Hidalgo]] *[[Norway]] – Ola Nordmann, Kari Nordmann *[[Pakistan]] - [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Fatima Jinnah]] *[[Philippines]] – [[Juan dela Cruz]], Inang Bayan *[[South Korea]] – [[Dangun]] *[[Spain]] – Santiago Matamoros *[[Sweden]] – Mother Svea *[[Switzerland]] – [[Switzerland|Helvetia]] *[[United Kingdom]] – [[Britannia]], John Bull *[[United States]] – [[Uncle Sam]], Lady Liberty, historically Brother Jonathan, Columbia *[[Vietnam]] - Tran Hung Dao, [[Ho Chi Minh]], Hung King ==Plants== *[[Argentina]] – National Flower of Argentina, Ceibo *[[Australia]] – [[Acacia pycnantha|Golden wattle]] *[[Bangladesh]] – The [[Nymphaea pubescens|Shapla]] (National flower), [[Jackfruit]] (National fruit), [[Chili pepper|Chilli pepper]] (National vegetable), [[Ficus benghalensis|Strangler fig]]/[[Mango]] (National trees) *[[Bhutan]] - Blue poppy (''Meconopsis grandis'') *[[Bolivia]] – Kantatu *[[Bulgaria]] – [[Rose]] *[[Brunei]] – Simpor (''Dillenia suffruticosa'') *[[Cambodia]] – ''Romduol'' (''[[Annonaceae|Mitrella mesnyi]]'' or ''[[Annonaceae|Melodorum fruticosum]]'') (flower), "[[banana|chicken-egg banana]]" (fruit) *[[Canada]] – [[Maple]] (unofficial) *[[China]] – [[Peony]], [[Prunus mume|Mei blossom]] **[[People's Republic of China]] – [[Sunflower]] (obsolete), [[Peony]] (unofficial) ***[[Hong Kong]] – Bauhinia blakeana ***[[Macau]] – [[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]] *[[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (Taiwan) – [[Prunus mume|Mei blossom]] *[[Chile]] – Copihue *[[Colombia]] – [[Orchid]] (Cattleya trianae) *[[Denmark]] – [[Trifolium pratense|Red clover]] *[[Egypt]] – Egyptian lily *[[England]] – red-and-white [[rose]] of Tudor (white for York, red for Lancaster) *[[Estonia]] – Blue [[cornflower]] *[[Finland]] – [[Lily of the valley]], White [[rose]] *[[France]] – [[Lily]] ([[Ancien Régime]]) *[[Germany]] – [[Oak]] *[[Hawaii]] - Plumeria flower *[[Iceland]] – White Dryas (''Dryas octopetala'') *[[India]] – The [[Nelumbo nucifera|Sacred lotus]] (National flower), [[Mango]] (National fruit), [[Tinda|Indian pumpkin]] (National vegetable), [[Ficus benghalensis|Indian banyan]] (National tree) *[[Indonesia]] – Melati (''Jasminum sambac''), Moth orchid (''Phalaenopsis amabilis'') *[[Iran]] – [[Flag of Iran|Tulip]] (depicted on the [[Flag of Iran]]) *[[Iraq]] – [[Rose]] *[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] – [[Shamrock]] (or Trefoil) *[[Jamaica]] – Lignum vitae *[[Japan]] – [[Chrysanthemum]] *[[Jordan]] – [[Iris (plant)|Black iris]] (''Iris chrysographes'') *[[Kuwait]] – Rhanterium epapposum *[[Malta]] – Maltese Rock Centaury *[[Malaysia]] – Chinese Hibiscus *[[Maldives]] – [[Rose]] *[[Mexico]] – [[Dahlia]] *[[Nepal]] – [[Rhododendron]] *[[Netherlands]] – [[Tulip]] *[[Newfoundland]] – [[Sarracenia purpurea|Pitcher plant]] *[[New Zealand]] – Silver fern (foliage), Koru, and [[Kowhai]] (flower) *[[North Korea]] – Kimjongilia *[[Norway]] – [[Calluna|Heather]] *[[Pakistan]] – [[Jasminum officinale|Poet's Jasmine]] (National flower), [[Mango]] (National fruit), [[Okra]] (National vegetable), [[Cedrus deodara]] (National tree) and Snow rose (Official state flower of [[Azad Kashmir]]) *[[Panama]] – Holy Ghost Orchid/''Flor del Espiritu Santo'' (''Peristeria elata'') *[[Philippines]] – Sampaguita (Arabian jasmine, ''Jasminum sambac'') *[[Russia]] – [[Chamomile]] *[[Scotland]] – [[Thistle]], Scottish Bluebell (Harebell), [[Calluna|Heather]] *[[Serbia]] – [[Plum]] *[[Singapore]] – Vanda Miss Joaquim, [[Orchid]] *[[Slovenia]] – [[Carnation]] *[[South Africa]] – Proteas *[[South Korea]] – [[Hibiscus syriacus|Hibiscus]] *[[Soviet Union]] – [[Carnation]] *[[Sri Lanka]] - Nil Manel (''Nympheae stelleta'') *[[Switzerland]] – [[Edelweiss]] *[[Thailand]] - Rachapruek (''Cassia fistula'') *[[United States]] – [[Rose]] *[[Venezuela]] – "Flor de Mayo" (''Cattleya mossiae'') (orchid) *[[Vietnam]] – [[Nelumbo|Lotus]] *[[Wales]] – [[Narcissus (genus)|Daffodil]], [[Leek]] *[[Zimbabwe]] – Flame lily ==Trees== *[[Albania]] – [[Olive tree|Olive]] *[[Argentina]] – National Flower of Argentina, Ceibo *[[Bangladesh]] - [[Ficus benghalensis|Strangler fig]] (National tree) and [[Mango|Mango tree]] (Official tropical tree) *[[Belize]] – [[mahogany]] *[[Bhutan]] - [[Cupressus cashmeriana|Bhutan Cypress]] (''Cupressus cashmeriana'') *[[Brazil]] – Ipê-amarelo, ''Tecoma chrysostricha'' *[[Cambodia]] – Palmyra palm (''Borassus flabellifer'') *[[Canada]] – [[Maple]] *[[Colombia]] – Quindio Wax Palm (''Ceroxylon quindiuense'') *[[Czech Republic]] – [[tilia|Lime]] *[[Denmark]] – [[Beech]] *[[England]] – [[Oak]] *[[Estonia]] – [[Oak]] *[[Finland]] – [[Birch]], [[Silver birch]] *[[Germany]] – [[Oak]] *[[Guatemala]] – [[Kapok|Ceiba]] *[[Hawaii]] - [[banyan]] *[[India]] – [[Ficus benghalensis|Indian banyan]] (National tree) and [[Coconut palm]] (Official tropical tree) *[[Italy]] - [[Olive tree|Olive]] and [[Oak]] *[[Japan]] – [[Cherry blossom]] *[[Latvia]] – [[Oak]] and [[Tilia|Linden]] *[[Lebanon]] – [[Cedrus libani|Lebanon Holy Cedar]] *[[Lithuania]] – [[Oak]] *[[Madagascar]] – [[Baobab]] *[[Maldives]] – [[Palm tree|Coconut palm]] *[[Malta]] – Għargħar *[[Moldova]] – [[Oak]] *[[Pakistan]] – [[Cedrus deodara]] (Himalayan Cedar) (National tree) and [[Mango|Mango tree]] (Official tropical tree) *[[Panama]] – Panama tree (''Sterculia apetala'') *[[Paraguay]] – [[Tabebuia|lapacho]] (''Tabebuia impetiginosa'') *[[Philippines]] – Narra *[[Russia]] – [[Birch]] *[[Saudi Arabia]] – Phoenix palm *[[Scotland]] – [[Scots pine]] *[[Senegal]] – [[Baobab]] *[[Slovenia]] – [[tilia|Linden]] *[[South Africa]] – Real yellowwood *[[South Korea]] – [[Ginkgo]], [[magnolia (tree)|Magnolia]] *[[Sri Lanka]] - Na (''[[Mesua ferrea]]'') *[[Thailand]] - Rachapruek (''Cassia fistula'') *[[Ukraine]] – Viburnum *[[United States]] – [[Oak]] *[[Venezuela]] – ''[[Tabebuia|Araguaney]]'' (''Tabebuia chrysantha'') *[[Vietnam]] - [[Bamboo]], [[Rice]] *[[Wales]] - [[Oak]] == Inanimate objects == *[[Albania]] – A castle of [[Krujë District|Kruje]] *[[Argentina]] – [[Yerba mate]] *[[Armenia]] – [[Mount Ararat]] *[[Australia]] – [[Crux]] *[[Azerbaijan]] – [[Fire]] *[[Brazil]] – [[Crux]] *[[China]] - [[Tiananmen]], Blue Sky with a White Sun **[[People's Republic of China]]- [[Tiananmen]] **[[Republic of China]]- Blue Sky with a White Sun *[[Cambodia]] – [[Angkor Wat]] *[[Croatia]] – [[Checkerboard]] (''šahovnica'') *[[Estonia]] – [[Limestone]] *[[India]] – the Lion Capital of Ashoka, spinning wheel *[[Ireland]] – A Celtic [[harp]] called a ''clairseach'' *[[Israel]] – The [[Menorah (Temple)|menorah]] *[[Italy]] – A [[star]] *[[Japan]] – The [[Sun]], depicted without rays *[[New Zealand]] – [[Crux]] *[[Saudi Arabia]] – The [[sword]] of [[Ibn Saud]] *[[Serbia]] – Serbian cross *[[Slovenia]] - [[Triglav]] with Aljažev stolp *[[Soviet Union]] – [[Hammer and sickle]] *[[Sweden]] – Three Crowns *[[Vietnam]] - [[Sickle]] and Yellow Star *''[[European Union]]'' - 12 yellow stars arranged in a circle == Symbols == *[[Argentina]] – [[Sun of May]] *[[Australia]] – Commonwealth Star *[[Bangladesh]] - [[Red#Color_of_sunset|Red Sun]] *[[Bhutan]] - Drake *[[Brittany]] – [[Ermine]] *[[Canada]] – [[Maple Leaf]] *[[Croatia]] – [[Coat of Arms of Croatia|checkerboard]] *[[England]] – St George's Cross *[[France]] – Fleur-de-Lis ([[Ancien Régime]]) *[[Germany]] – [[Iron Cross]] *[[India]] – [[Ashoka Chakra]], Lion Capital of Ashoka *[[Indonesia]] – [[Garuda|Garuda Pancasila]] *[[Ireland]] – [[Flag of Ireland#Saint Patrick's Flag|St Patrick's Cross]] *[[Isle of Man]] – Triskelion *[[Israel]] – [[Star of David]] *[[Japan]]-[[Chrysanthemum Throne]] *[[Lebanon]] – [[Phoenicia|Phoenician Longship]] *[[Malaysia]] – Bintang Persekutuan (Federal Stars) *[[Malta]] – [[George Cross]], Maltese Cross *[[Northern Ireland]] – Red hand *[[Pakistan]] – [[Crescent and star]] *[[Serbia]] – Serbian cross *[[Singapore]] – [[Merlion]] *[[Slovakia]] – Patriarchal cross and three mountains *[[Scotland]] – [[Saltire]] or St Andrew's Cross *[[South Korea]] – [[Yin Yang]] *[[Switzerland]] – [[Flag of Switzerland|Swiss cross]] *[[Turkey]] – [[Crescent]] *[[Ukraine]] – [[Trident]] *[[Vietnam]] - Yellow [[Nelumbo|lotus]] [[Category:National emblems| ]] gvt2erzj45dr8650pr1uza0uacwhczq 0 33716 10882378 10754513 2026-06-09T14:52:29Z ~2026-34228-75 1819112 /* */ 10882378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Zinedine Zidane<!--Do not add order of merits per Template:Infobox person.--> | image = Zidane_Zizu.jpg | image_size = 232 | caption = Zidane in 2017 | fullname = Zinedine Yazid Zidane<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.biography.com/people/zinedine-zidane-9541232|title=Zinedine Zidane biography|accessdate=28 May 2013|publisher=Biography.com}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|6|23|df=yes}}<ref name="espn">{{cite web | title=Zinedine Zidane Profile | publisher=ESPN | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/player/bio/_/id/11066/zinedine-zidane&cc=4716?ver=global | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234948/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/player/bio/_/id/11066/zinedine-zidane%26cc%3D4716?ver=global | archivedate=28 June 2011 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Marseille]], France | height = 1.85 m | position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]] | currentclub = [[France national football team|France]] (Manager) | youthyears1 = 1962–1964 | youthclubs1 = US Saint-Henri | youthyears2 = 1964–1967 | youthclubs2 = SO Septèmes-les-Vallons | youthyears3 = 1967–1970 | youthclubs3 = [[AS Cannes|Cannes]] | years1 = 1970–1973 | clubs1 = [[AS Cannes|Cannes]] | caps1 = 61 | goals1 = 6 | years2 = 1973–1977 | clubs2 = [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] | caps2 = 139 | goals2 = 28 | years3 = 1977–1982 | clubs3 = [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] | caps3 = 151 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 1997–2002 | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | caps4 = 155 | goals4 = 37 | totalcaps = 506 | totalgoals = 95 | nationalyears1 = 1969–1970 | nationalteam1 = [[France national under-17 football team|France U17]] | nationalcaps1 = 4 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 1970–1971 | nationalteam2 = [[France national under-18 football team|France U18]] | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 1971–1975 | nationalteam3 = [[France national under-21 football team|France U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 20 | nationalgoals3 = 3 | nationalyears4 = 1975–1987 | nationalteam4 = [[France national football team|France]] | nationalcaps4 = 108 | nationalgoals4 = 31 | manageryears1 = 1995–1997 | managerclubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla]] | manageryears2 = 2016-2019 | managerclubs2 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Team|{{fb|France}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1998 FIFA World Cup|1979]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2006 FIFA World Cup|1987]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[UEFA Euro 2000|1981]]|}} }} '''Zinedine Zidane''' (born 23 June 1972, nicknamed '''Zizou''', '''Yaz''' and '''ZZ''') is a French former football player. He played for four European clubs and the French national team. He played for [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] from 1997 to 2002. His name is a predecessor to Zedan. ==Early life== Zidane was born in [[Marseille]], [[France]] and is of [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]] [[Berber people|Berber]] descent. ==Career== Zidane played for several famous football clubs, like [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] of [[Italy]] and [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] of [[Spain]]. He led France to win the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]] and the [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000 European Football Championship]]. In 2002 he also won the [[UEFA Champions League]] for Real Madrid, which was the ninth championship for Real Madrid. Zidane was picked as the FIFA World Player of the Year three times. He led France to the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup final]] and was arguably the best player in the tournament. He is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players of his generation and of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ronaldo-messi-10-greatest-football-players-all-time/8|title = Top 10 football players of all time}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/chelseas-eden-hazard-real-madrid-coach-zinedine-zidane-was-the-best-player-ever-a3240971.html|title = Chelsea star Hazard reveals his greatest-ever player|date = 5 May 2016}}</ref> ===Retirement === In [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]], Zidane announced that he would retire after the World Cup. Zidane was famous for headbutting [[Marco Materazzi]] in the chest during the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] final at the 110th minute of extra time and was sent off with a [[red card]]. France eventually lost 5-3 in penalties to [[Italy national football team|Italy]] and got second place. This incident was widely known as the Zidane headbutt. There is even a sculpture of it in [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {| class="wikitable" Style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.zinedine.zidane.12.en.html |title=Zinedine Zidane |publisher=Footballdatabase.eu |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=31 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031051034/http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.zinedine.zidane.12.en.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j2664.html Zidane, Zinedine Yazid Zidane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021033119/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j2664.html |date=21 October 2020 }}, BDFutbol</ref> |- !rowspan="2"|Club!!rowspan="2"|Season!!colspan="3"|League!!colspan="2"|Cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]].}}!!colspan="2"|[[UEFA competitions|Europe]]!!colspan="2"|Other!!colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[AS Cannes|Cannes]]||[[1988–89 French Division 1|1988–89]]||[[Ligue 1|Division 1]]||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||0 |- |[[1989–90 French Division 1|1989–90]] |Division 1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[1990–91 French Division 1|1990–91]] |Division 1||28||1||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||1 |- |[[1991–92 French Division 1|1991–92]] |Division 1||31||5||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||38||5 |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!61!!6!!6!!0!!4!!0!!0!!0!!71!!6 |- |rowspan="5"|[[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]]||[[1992–93 French Division 1|1992–93]]||Division 1||35||10||4||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||11 |- |[[1993–94 French Division 1|1993–94]] |Division 1||34||6||3||0||6||2||colspan="2"|—||43||8 |- |[[1994–95 French Division 1|1994–95]] |Division 1||37||6||5||1||4||1||colspan="2"|—||46||8 |- |[[1995–96 FC Girondins de Bordeaux season|1995–96]] |Division 1||33||6||3||0||15||6||colspan="2"|—||51||12 |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!139!!28!!15!!2!!25!!9!!0!!0!!179!!39 |- |rowspan="6"|[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]||[[1996–97 Juventus F.C. season|1996–97]]||[[Serie A]]||29||5||2||0||10||2||3{{efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Super Cup]], one appearance in [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]].}}||0||44||7 |- |[[1997–98 Juventus F.C. season|1997–98]] |Serie A||32||7||5||1||11||3||1{{efn|name=SCI|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]].}}||0||49||11 |- |[[1998–99 Juventus F.C. season|1998–99]] |Serie A||25||2||5||0||10||0||1{{efn|name=SCI|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]].}}||0||41||2 |- |[[1999–2000 Juventus F.C. season|1999–2000]] |Serie A||32||4||3||1||6||0||colspan="2"|—||41||5 |- |[[2000–01 Juventus F.C. season|2000–01]] |Serie A||33||6||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||39||6 |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!151!!24!!17!!2!!41!!5!!5!!0!!214!!31 |- |rowspan="6"|[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]||[[2001–02 Real Madrid CF season|2001–02]]||[[La Liga]]||31||7||9||2||9||3||2{{efn|name=SCE|Appearance(s) in [[Supercopa de España]].}}||0||51||12 |- |[[2002–03 Real Madrid CF season|2002–03]] |La Liga||33||9||1||0||14||3||2{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], one appearance in [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]].}}||0||50||12 |- |[[2003–04 Real Madrid CF season|2003–04]] |La Liga||33||6||7||1||10||3||2{{efn|name=SCE}}||0||52||10 |- |[[2004–05 Real Madrid CF season|2004–05]] |La Liga||29||6||1||0||10||0||colspan="2"|—||40||6 |- |[[2005–06 Real Madrid CF season|2005–06]] |La Liga||29||9||5||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||38||9 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!155!!37!!23!!3!!47!!9!!6!!0!!230!!49 |- !colspan="3"|Career total!!506!!95!!61!!7!!117!!23!!11!!0!!695!!125 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by year and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Team !rowspan="2"|Year !colspan="2"|Competitive !colspan="2"|Friendly !colspan="2"|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="13"|[[France national football team|France]]<ref name="RSSSF">{{cite web |last=Pla Diaz |first=Emilio |title=Zinedine Zidane - Century of International Appearances |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/zidane-intl.html |website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] |date=23 July 2006 |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919054807/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/zidane-intl.html |archive-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National football team player Zinédine Zidane |url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=23447 |website=eu-football.info |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124173917/https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=23447 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |1994||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearance in the [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying]]</ref>||0||1||2||2||2 |- |1995||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying]]</ref>||2||1||0||6||2 |- |1996||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances at [[UEFA Euro 1996]]</ref>||0||7||1||12||1 |- |1997||colspan="2"|—||8||1||8||1 |- |1998||8<ref group="lower-alpha">Five appearances and two goals in the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]], three appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying]]</ref>||2||7||3||15||5 |- |1999||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying]]</ref>||1||3||0||6||1 |- |2000||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances at [[UEFA Euro 2000]]</ref>||2||8||2||13||4 |- |2001||colspan="2"|—||8||2||8||2 |- |2002||4<ref group="lower-alpha">One appearance in the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], three appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]</ref>||0||5||1||9||1 |- |2003||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]</ref>||3||3||0||7||3 |- |2004||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances at [[UEFA Euro 2004]]</ref>||3||3||1||7||4 |- |2005||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||1||1||1||5||2 |- |2006||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||3||4||0||10||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total||49||17||59||14||108||31 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} :''Scores and results list France's goal tally first.'' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Key !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#C3C3C3"|{{double-dagger}} | Indicates goal was scored from a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]] |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#9F9"| |Indicates won the match |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#ffb"| |Indicates the match ended in [[Tie (draw)|draw]] |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#8fcfdf"| |Refers to unofficial matches |} {{anchor|Goals}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+International goals scored by Zinedine Zidane |- ! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" | Cap ! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" | Venue ! scope="col" | Opponent ! scope="col" | Score ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" | Competition |- ! scope="row" | 1 | rowspan="2" align=center | 1 || rowspan="2" | 17 August 1994 || rowspan="2" | [[Stade Chaban-Delmas]], [[Bordeaux]], France || rowspan="2" | {{fb|CZE}} || align=center | 1–2 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{pending|2–2}} || rowspan="2" | [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- ! scope="row" | 2 | align=center | 2–2 |- ! scope="row" | 3 | align=center | 6 || 6 September 1995 || [[Stade de l'Abbé-Deschamps]], [[Auxerre]], France || {{fb|AZE}} || align=center | 7–0 || align=center {{win|10–0}} || [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying#Group 1|UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying]] |- ! scope="row" | 4 | align=center | 7 || 11 October 1995 || [[Stadionul Steaua (1974)|Stadionul Steaua]], [[Bucharest]], Romania || {{fb|ROU}} || align=center | 3–1 || align=center {{win|3–1}} |UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying |- ! scope="row" | 5 | align=center | 10 || 21 February 1996 || [[Stade des Costières]], [[Nîmes]], France || {{fb|GRE}} || align=center | 3–1 || align=center {{win|3–1}} || [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- |- style="background:#8fcfdf;" ! scope="row" | 6 | align=center | 26 || 11 June 1997 || [[Parc des Princes]], [[Paris]], France || {{fb|ITA}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{pending|2–2}} || [[1997 Tournoi de France]] |- ! scope="row" | 7 | align=center | 29 || 28 January 1998 || [[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], France || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 8 | align=center | 30 || 25 February 1998 || [[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], France || {{fb|NOR}} || align=center | 2–1 || align=center {{pending|3–3}} |Friendly |- |- style="background:#8fcfdf;" ! scope="row" | 9 | align=center | 32 || 27 May 1998 || [[Stade Mohammed V]], [[Casablanca]], Morocco || {{fb|BEL}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || [[1998 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament|1998 King Hassan II Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 10 | rowspan="2" align=center | 39 || rowspan="2" | 12 July 1998 || rowspan="2" | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || rowspan="2" | {{fb|BRA}} || align=center | 1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{win|3–0}} || rowspan="2" | [[1998 FIFA World Cup Final|1998 FIFA World Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 11 | align=center | 2–0 |- ! scope="row" | 12 | align=center | 47 || 8 September 1999 || [[Hrazdan Stadium]], [[Yerevan]], Armenia || {{fb|ARM}}|| align="center" | 2–1 || align=center {{win|3–2}} || [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying#Group 4|UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying]] |- ! scope="row" | 13 | align=center | 50 || 23 February 2000 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|POL}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- |- style="background:#8fcfdf;" ! scope="row" | 14 | align=center | 53 || 4 June 2000 || Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca, Morocco || {{fb|JPN}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{pending|2–2}} || [[2000 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament|2000 King Hassan II Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 15 | align=center | 57 || 25 June 2000 || Jan Breydel Stadium, [[Bruges]], Belgium || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|2–1}} || [[UEFA Euro 2000]] |- ! scope="row" | 16 | align=center | 58 || 28 June 2000 || [[King Baudouin Stadium]], [[Brussels]], Belgium || {{fb|POR}} || align=center | 2–1{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{win|2–1}} |UEFA Euro 2000 |- ! scope="row" | 17 | align=center | 63 || 27 February 2001 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|GER}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 18 | align=center | 64 || 24 March 2001 |Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France|| {{fb|JPN}} || align=center | 1–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{win|5–0}} |Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 19 | align=center | 72 || 27 March 2002 |Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France|| {{fb|SCO}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|5–0}} |Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 20 | rowspan="2" align=center | 81 || rowspan="2" | 29 March 2003 || rowspan="2" | [[Stade Bollaert-Delelis]], [[Lens]], [[Pas-de-Calais]], France || rowspan="2" | {{fb|MLT}} || align=center | 4–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{win|6–0}} || rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying#Group 1|UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]] |- ! scope="row" | 21 | align=center | 6–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} |- ! scope="row" | 22 | align=center | 82 || 2 April 2003 || [[Stadio Renzo Barbera]], [[Palermo]], Italy || {{fb|ISR}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center {{win|2–1}} |UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |- ! scope="row" | 23 | align=center | 89 || 6 June 2004 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|UKR}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 24 | rowspan="2" align=center | 90 || rowspan="2" | 13 June 2004 || rowspan="2" | [[Estádio da Luz]], [[Lisbon]], Portugal || rowspan="2" | {{fb|ENG}} || align=center | 1–1 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{win|2–1}} || rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 2004#Group B|UEFA Euro 2004]] |- ! scope="row" | 25 | align=center | 2–1{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} |- ! scope="row" | 26 | align=center | 92 || 21 June 2004 || [[Estádio Cidade de Coimbra]], [[Coimbra]], Portugal || {{fb|SUI}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|3–1}} |UEFA Euro 2004 |- ! scope="row" | 27 | align=center | 94 || 17 August 2005 || [[Stade de la Mosson]], [[Montpellier]], France || {{fb|CIV}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center {{win|3–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 28 | align=center | 98 || 12 October 2005 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|CYP}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|4–0}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#Groub 4|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- ! scope="row" | 29 | align=center | 105 || 27 June 2006 || [[Niedersachsenstadion]], [[Hannover]], Germany || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center | 3–1 || align=center {{win|3–1}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 30 | align=center | 107 || 5 July 2006 || [[Allianz Arena]], [[Munich]], Germany || {{fb|POR}} || align=center | 1–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{win|1–0}} |2006 FIFA World Cup |- ! scope="row" | 31 | align=center | 108 || 9 July 2006 || [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], [[Berlin]], Germany || {{fb|ITA}} || align=center | 1–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{pending|1–1}}<br />{{pen|3–5}} || 2006 FIFA World Cup |} ==Managerial statistics== {{Updated|22 May 2021}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Managerial record by team and tenure |- !rowspan="2"|Team !rowspan="2"|From !rowspan="2"|To !colspan="8"|Record !rowspan=2|{{abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- | [[Real Madrid Castilla]] | 25 June 2014 | 4 January 2016 {{WDL|57|26|17|14|for=88|against=58|diff=yes}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2014-15|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2014–15|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081255/http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2014-15|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=61&rival=-|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2015–16|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081651/http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=61&rival=-|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | 4 January 2016 | 31 May 2018 {{WDL|149|105|28|16|for=398|against=163|diff=yes}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=2&rival=-|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2015–16|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081454/http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=2&rival=-|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2016-17|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2016–17|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722090451/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2016-17|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2017-18|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2017–18|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721174358/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2017-18|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 11 March 2019 | 27 May 2021<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57263375|title=Zinedine Zidane leaves Real Madrid for second time as manager|publisher=bbc.com|date=27 May 2021|access-date=27 May 2021|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527101829/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57263375|url-status=live}}</ref> {{WDL|114|69|25|20|for=207|against=104|diff=yes}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2018-19|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2018–19|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721181335/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2018-19|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2019-20|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2019–20|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=25 August 2019|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721174423/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2018-19|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! colspan=3|Career totals {{WDLtot|320|200|70|50|for=693|against=325|diff=yes}} ! |} ==Honours== ===Player=== '''Bordeaux'''<ref name="Fifa Profile">[https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=163331/profile.html "French heir who became king"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111519/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=163331/profile.html |date=22 June 2018 }}. FIFA.com. Retrieved 17 November 2013.</ref> *[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: [[1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup|1995]] *[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] runner-up: [[1995–96 UEFA Cup|1995–96]] '''Juventus'''<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> *[[Serie A]]: [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Serie A|1997–98]] *[[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[1997 Supercoppa Italiana|1997]] *[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[1996 UEFA Super Cup|1996]] *[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[1996 Intercontinental Cup|1996]] *UEFA Intertoto Cup: [[1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup|1999]] *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[1996–97 UEFA Champions League|1996–97]], [[1997–98 UEFA Champions League|1997–98]] '''Real Madrid'''<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> *[[La Liga]]: [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]] *[[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]] *[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]] *[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] '''France U16''' * Syrenka Cup: 1987<ref>{{cite web |first=Olgierd |last=Kwiatkowski |url=http://www.sport.pl/sport/1,67926,3465651.html |title=Warszawski ślad Zinedine'a Zidane'a |language=pl |publisher=[[:pl:Gazeta.pl|Gazeta.pl]] |website=sport.pl |date=9 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709190738/http://www.sport.pl/sport/1,67926,3465651.html |archive-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> '''France'''<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> *[[FIFA World Cup]]: [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]]; runner-up: [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] *[[UEFA European Championship]]: [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000]] '''Individual''' <!--LEAGUE AWARDS ONLY. No fan or magazine-voted awards. Listed in chronological order from last time won.--> * [[Trophées UNFP du football|French Division 1 Young Player of the Year]]: [[1993–94 French Division 1|1993–94]]<ref name=Awards /> * [[Trophées UNFP du football|French Division 1 Player of the Year]]: [[1995–96 French Division 1|1995–96]]<ref name=Awards>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/zinedine-zidanes-records-in-football |title=Zinedine Zidane's records and achievements in football |website=Sportskeeda.com |date=3 June 2014 |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018211815/https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/football/zinedine-zidanes-records-in-football |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Serie A Foreign Footballer of the Year]]: [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]] * [[Onze d'Or|Onze d'Argent]]: 1997, 2002, 2003 * [[FIFA]] XI: 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/fifa-xi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033752/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/fifa-xi.html|url-status=live|title=Matches of FIFA XI|archive-date=17 November 2015|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> * [[European Sports Magazines#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04 * [[UEFA Club Football Awards|UEFA Club Midfielder of the Year]]: 1998<ref name=Awards /> * [[L'Équipe Champion of Champions#International|L'Équipe International Champion of Champions]]: 1998<ref name="lequipe_champion">{{cite web |url=http://www.whoholdsthetitle.com/home/championslist/list-of-lequipe-world-champion-of-champions-rafael-nadal-2010-winner.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605192942/https://whoholdsthetitle.com/home/championslist/list-of-lequipe-world-champion-of-champions-rafael-nadal-2010-winner.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2021 |title=L'Équipe World Champion of Champions |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=Whoholdsthetitle}}</ref> * [[L'Équipe Champion of Champions#France|L'Équipe France Champion of Champions]]: 1998<ref name="lequipe_champion" /> * [[FIFA World Cup awards#All-Star Team|FIFA World Cup All-Star team]]: [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]], [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] * [[World Soccer Awards]] Player of the Year: 1998<ref name=Awards /> * [[French Player of the Year#Winners|France Football French Player of the Year]]: 1998, 2002<ref name=Awards /> * [[Onze d'Or]]: 1998, 2000, 2001 * [[Ballon d'Or]]: [[1998 Ballon d'Or|1998]]<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> * [[FIFA World Player of the Year]]: 1998, 2000, 2003<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> * [[El País (Uruguay)|El País European Player of the Year]]: 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003 * [[Onze d'Or|Onze de Bronze]]: 1999 * [[World Soccer (magazine)|World Soccer's Selection of the 100 Greatest Footballers of the 20th century]]: 1999 * [[French Player of the Year#Player of the Century|2nd French Player of the Century (France Football)]]: 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/franpoy.html |title=France – Footballer of the Year |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=8 January 2010 |access-date=18 December 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905115225/http://rsssf.com/miscellaneous/franpoy.html |archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> * [[UEFA European Championship awards#Player of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Player of the Tournament]]: 2000<ref name=Awards /> * [[UEFA European Championship awards#Team of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament]]: 2000, 2004 * Serie A top assist provider: [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccer-europe.com/Archives/Seriea/Seriea0001/Performers.html |title=Performers |access-date=1 August 2017 |publisher=soccer-europe.com |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801115611/http://soccer-europe.com/Archives/Seriea/Seriea0001/Performers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Serie A Footballer of the Year]]: [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]] * [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: 2001, 2002, 2003 * [[Don Balón Award]]: [[2001–02 La Liga|2001–02]] * [[El País|La Liga Best Foreign Player]]: [[2001–02 La Liga|2001–02]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/spanpoy.html |title=Spain – Footballer of the Year |access-date=1 October 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808193808/https://rsssf.org/miscellaneous/spanpoy.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA Club Footballer of the Year]]: 2002 * [[FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: 2002 * [[FIFA 100]]: 2004 * [[UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll|UEFA Best European Player of the Past 50 Years]]: 2004 * [[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro World XI|FIFA FIFPro World XI]]: 2005, 2006 * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#The World's Best Playmaker|IFFHS World's Best Playmaker]]: 2006<ref name="Former Results">{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/former-results/ |title=Former Results |publisher=IFFHS |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924094523/https://iffhs.de/former-results/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|FIFA World Cup Golden Ball]]: 2006<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> * [[Trophées UNFP du football#Trophée d'honneur UNFP|UNFP Honorary Award]]: 2007 * [[Association of Football Statisticians|AFS]] Top-100 Players of All Time #5: 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/afstop100.html |title=AFS Top-100 Players of All-Time |access-date=25 November 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530051331/https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/afstop100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Marca Leyenda]] Award: 2008 * [[Golden Foot]] Legends Award: 2008 * [[ESPN]] Team of the Decade: 2009 * ESPN Player of the Decade: 2009 * [[Fox Sports]] Player of the Decade: 2009<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2009/12/18/mas_futbol/1261090861_850215.html |title=Fox Sports elige a Zidane 'futbolista de la década' |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307231448/https://as.com/futbol/2009/12/18/mas_futbol/1261090861_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[List of 2009 all-decade Sports Illustrated awards and honors#Soccer All-Decade Team|Sports Illustrated Team of the Decade]]: 2009<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wahl |first=Grant |title=2000s: The Decade in Sports; All-Decade Team: Soccer |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/magazine/specials/2000s/12/15/soccer.decade.team/index.html |date=21 December 2009 |access-date=30 August 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113202936/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/magazine/specials/2000s/12/15/soccer.decade.team/index.html |archive-date=13 November 2012}}</ref> * [[List of 2009 all-decade Sports Illustrated awards and honors#Soccer|Sports Illustrated Player of the Decade]]: 2009<ref name=Awards /> * [[Don Balón Award|Don Balón Team of the Decade]]: 2010<ref name="DB">{{cite web |url=https://issuu.com/la_hora/docs/donbalon060111 |title=El equipo de ensueño del siglo XXI |date=5 January 2011 |access-date=31 July 2017 |publisher=Don Balón |archive-date=16 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216000845/https://issuu.com/la_hora/docs/donbalon060111 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Don Balón Award|Don Balón Player of the Decade]]: 2010<ref name="DB" /> * [[Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award]]: 2011<ref name=Awards /> * [[UEFA]] team of teams: 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/blogs/blog=ucl_blog_talkingpoint/postid=1740862.html#the+team+teams |title=Team of the Teams of the Year |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126000347/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/blogs/blog=ucl_blog_talkingpoint/postid=1740862.html#the+team+teams |url-status=live }}</ref> * UEFA Champions League Best Player of the Past 20 Years: 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-des-champions/2011-2012/le-meilleur-cest-zidane_sto3032163/story.shtml |title=Le meilleur c'est Zidane |date=18 November 2011 |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=Eurosport |archive-date=22 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122214943/http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-des-champions/2011-2012/le-meilleur-cest-zidane_sto3032163/story.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Trophées UNFP du football#Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP|Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP]]: 2011 * [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] Greatest XI of All Time: 2012<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marca.com/2012/03/07/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1331125310.html |title=Un once increíble |access-date=17 July 2016 |newspaper=Marca |location=Madrid |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226230231/https://www.marca.com/2012/03/07/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1331125310.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[World Soccer (magazine)#Greatest XI of All Time|World Soccer Greatest XI of All Time]]: 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/features/the-greatest-xi-how-the-panel-voted-341427 |title=How the panel voted |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=World Soccer |date=2 July 2013 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930122457/http://www.worldsoccer.com/features/the-greatest-xi-how-the-panel-voted-341427 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Real Madrid Hall of Fame: 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/history/football-legends/zinedine-zidane |title=Zidane, A genius who marked an era |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Real Madrid CF |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321213842/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/history/football-legends/zinedine-zidane |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA Team of the Year#UEFA Ultimate Team of the Year|UEFA Ultimate Team of the Year]] (substitute): 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2201679.html |title=Ultimate Team of the Year: The All-Time XI |publisher=UEFA |date=22 November 2015 |access-date=25 November 2015 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231165432/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2201679.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[IFFHS]] Legends: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/iffhs-has-announced-the-48-football-legend-players/ |title=IFFHS announce the 48 football legend players |publisher=IFFHS |date=25 January 2016 |access-date=6 October 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924082150/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-has-announced-the-48-football-legend-players/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[UEFA European Championship Teams of the Tournament#All-time Euro XI|UEFA European Championship All-Time XI]]: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2371381.html |title=Your All-time EURO 11 revealed |publisher=UEFA |date=7 June 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626232029/https://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2371381.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[FourFourTwo]]'s Selection of the 100 Greatest Footballers of All Time #8: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no8-zinedine-zidane |title=FourFourTwo's 100 Greatest Footballers EVER: No.8, Zinedine Zidane |website=FourFourTwo |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-date=30 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530200436/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no8-zinedine-zidane |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] Greatest XI of All Time: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juventus.com/en/news/news/2017/juve120-team-announced.php |title=#JUVE120 team announced |publisher=Juventus F.C. |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527064014/http://www.juventus.com/en/news/news/2017/juve120-team-announced.php |archive-date=27 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''[[L'Équipe]]'' Best French Player of All Time: 2018<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Top/Football/top_100_foot_francais/13/ |title=Les 100 meilleurs joueurs français de l'histoire du football |newspaper=L'Équipe |location=Paris |date=27 May 2018 |access-date=2 June 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035354/https://www.lequipe.fr/Top/Football/top_100_foot_francais/13/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Ballon d'Or Dream Team]] (Silver): 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=The other two Ballon d'Or Dream Team XIs: Zidane, Cruyff, Iniesta, Di Stefano... but no Casillas |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/12/14/5fd7bc8522601d53598b45b2.html |website=[[MARCA]] |date=15 December 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215113120/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/12/14/5fd7bc8522601d53598b45b2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] All-time Men's B Dream Team: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1110|publisher=IFFHS|date=22 May 2021|access-date=31 May 2021|title=IFFHS|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213838/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1110|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] All-time Europe Men's Dream Team: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1121|publisher=IFFHS|date=29 May 2021|access-date=31 May 2021|title=IFFHS|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603054252/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1121|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[FourFourTwo]]'s 100 best football players of all time #5: 2022<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-100-best-football-players-of-all-time/10 |title=Ranked! The 100 best football players of all time |website=FourFourTwo |date=10 October 2022 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105204636/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-100-best-football-players-of-all-time/10 |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Italian Football Hall of Fame]]: 2022<ref name="2022-SerieAHoF">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2023 |title=Da Zola a Mourinho e Zidane: le nuove leggende della Hall of fame del calcio italiano |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/figc-hall-of-fame-giocatori-allenatori#00 |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=Sky Italia |language=it |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423061717/https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/figc-hall-of-fame-giocatori-allenatori#00 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Manager=== '''Real Madrid''' *La Liga: [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/3131112/real-madrid-win-on-final-day-to-secure-title-in-la-liga-over-barcelona |title=Real Madrid win on final day to secure title in La Liga over Barcelona |website=ESPN FC |date=21 May 2017 |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007212515/http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/3131112/real-madrid-win-on-final-day-to-secure-title-in-la-liga-over-barcelona |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] *Supercopa de España: [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2019–20 Supercopa de España|2019–20]] *UEFA Champions League: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]] *UEFA Super Cup: [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]] *[[FIFA Club World Cup]]: [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]] '''Individual''' * [[La Liga Manager of the Month]]: [[2015–16 La Liga#Monthly|April 2016]], [[2016–17 La Liga#Monthly awards|May 2017]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-liga-bbva-manager-of-the-month-for-april |title=Zinedine Zidane named Liga BBVA Manager of the Month for April |publisher=La Liga |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725094558/http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-liga-bbva-manager-of-the-month-for-april |archive-date=25 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-laliga-santander-manager-of-the-month-for-may |title=Zinedine Zidane named LaLiga Santander Manager of the Month for May |publisher=La Liga |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613041111/http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-laliga-santander-manager-of-the-month-for-may |archive-date=13 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[UEFA]] La Liga Team Revelation of the Year: [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2016/05/17/573adcede2704e6d6a8b45e4.html |title=Zidane is the chosen one for UEFA's 'Team Revelation' |newspaper=Marca |location=Madrid |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923135817/https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2016/05/17/573adcede2704e6d6a8b45e4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2015–16<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2431805.html "Our Champions League breakthrough team of 2016"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608014017/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2431805.html |date=8 June 2019 }}. UEFA. Retrieved 24 October 2017.</ref> * [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach]] – Runner-up: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2016-diego-someone/ |title=THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2016 : Diego Simeone |publisher=IFFHS |date=27 December 2016 |access-date=27 December 2016 |archive-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227200235/http://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2016-diego-someone/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[The Best FIFA Football Coach]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017#The Best FIFA Men's Coach|2017]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |title=The Best FIFA Men's Coach |publisher=FIFA |date=23 October 2017 |access-date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=1 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093316/https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Runner-up: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2016#The Best FIFA Men's Coach|2016]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |title=The Best FIFA Men's Coach |publisher=FIFA |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |archive-date=1 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093316/https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2018#The Best FIFA Men's Coach|2018]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/10753307bf424cff/original/o1m6b5xups6mdzeq454o-pdf.pdf |title=FIFA Football Awards 2018 – Voting Results |publisher=FIFA |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202003056/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/10753307bf424cff/original/o1m6b5xups6mdzeq454o-pdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[French Player of the Year#Manager of the Year|France Football French Manager of the Year]]: 2016,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2016-par-le-jury-de-france-football/767138 |title=Zinédine Zidane élu meilleur entraîneur français de l'année 2016 par le jury de France Football |website=France Football |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121740/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2016-par-le-jury-de-france-football/767138 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-real-madrid-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2017/865045 |title=Zinédine Zidane (Real Madrid) entraîneur français de l'année 2017 |website=France Football |date=8 January 2018 |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-date=9 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109180836/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-real-madrid-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2017/865045 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[El Heddaf|Le Buteur]] Coach of the Year: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/02/zidane-le-buteur-coach-of-the-year |title=Zidane, 'Le Buteur' coach of the year |publisher=Real Madrid CF |date=10 February 2017 |access-date=19 February 2017 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015202448/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/02/zidane-le-buteur-coach-of-the-year |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA]] La Liga Team of the Season: 2016–17,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2017/05/22/primera/1495474276_384251.html |title=Once ideal de LaLiga para UEFA: 4 del Madrid, 3 del Barça... |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |date=22 May 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817123159/https://futbol.as.com/futbol/2017/05/22/primera/1495474276_384251.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 2019–20<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200722/482468088863/real-madrid-once-ideal-uefa.html|title= La UEFA se olvida de Oblak en sus equipo ideal de la Liga|publisher= Mundo Deportivo|date= 22 July 2020|access-date= 22 July 2020|archive-date= 22 August 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200822223634/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200722/482468088863/real-madrid-once-ideal-uefa.html|url-status= live}}</ref> * [[France Football]] UEFA Champions League Team of the Season: 2016–17<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ligue-des-champions-buffon-marcelo-neymar-cristiano-ronaldo-l-equipe-type-de-la-saison/807382 |title=Ligue des champions : Buffon, Marcelo, Neymar, Cristiano Ronaldo... L'équipe type de la saison |website=France Football |date=4 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308080551/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ligue-des-champions-buffon-marcelo-neymar-cristiano-ronaldo-l-equipe-type-de-la-saison/807382 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Onze d'Or#Coach of the Year|Onze d'Or Coach of the Year]]: 2016–17,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onzemondial.com/dossiers/218387-onze-or-zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-saison-real-madrid |title=Onze d'Or : Zinédine Zidane élu meilleur entraîneur de la saison |website=Onze Mondial |date=9 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |language=fr |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625011237/https://www.onzemondial.com/dossiers/218387-onze-or-zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-saison-real-madrid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/06/zidane-onze-de-oro-award-for-best-coach-of-the-season |title=Zidane, Onze de Oro award for best coach of the season |publisher=Real Madrid CF |location=Madrid, Spain |date=9 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |quote=Zinedine Zidane han been recognised by the French magazine Onze Mondial with the award of Onze de Oro best coach of the 2016–2017 season. |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626095248/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/06/zidane-onze-de-oro-award-for-best-coach-of-the-season |url-status=live }}</ref> 2017–18,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/is-zidane-already-the-best-in-history-442516 |title=Is Zidane already the best in history? |website=BeSoccer.com |date=7 June 2018 |access-date=7 June 2018 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622155407/https://www.besoccer.com/new/is-zidane-already-the-best-in-history-442516 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2020–21<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onzemondial.com/liga/2020-2021/onze-d-or-2021-zinedine-zidane-meilleur-entraineur-de-la-saison-634005 |title=ONZE D'OR 2021 : ZINÉDINE ZIDANE MEILLEUR ENTRAÎNEUR DE LA SAISON ! |website=Onze Mondial |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2 April 2022}}</ref> * ESPN Manager of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/21589590/fc-100-best-men-players-managers-world-football#!manager |title=ESPN FC 100 |publisher=ESPN |date=4 December 2017 |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> * [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach]]: 2017,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane |title=THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2017 : THE CROWN OF ZIDANE |publisher=IFFHS |date=5 December 2017 |access-date=8 December 2017 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160520/https://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-worlds-best-club-coach-2018-zidanes-second-award/ |title=IFFHS AWARDS 2018 – THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2018 : ZIDANE'S SECOND COACH AWARD ! |website=iffhs.de |date=29 November 2018 |access-date=30 November 2018 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071611/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-worlds-best-club-coach-2018-zidanes-second-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/the-iffhs-man-world-team-2017/ |title=The IFFHS Men World Team 2017 |publisher=IFFHS |date=12 December 2017 |access-date=8 April 2018 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213010651/http://iffhs.de/the-iffhs-man-world-team-2017/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[RMC (France)|RMC]] French Manager of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/plus-de-sports/rmc-sport-awards-zidane-manager-de-l-annee-savoure-une-annee-exceptionnelle-1322588.html |title=RMC Sport Awards: Zidane, manager de l'année, savoure "une année exceptionnelle" |website=RMC |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=10 December 2017 |archive-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212060748/http://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/plus-de-sports/rmc-sport-awards-zidane-manager-de-l-annee-savoure-une-annee-exceptionnelle-1322588.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Globe Soccer Awards]] Best Coach of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/zinedine-zidane-best-coach-year/ |title=Zinédine Zidane (Best Coach of the Year) |website=Globe Soccer |date=28 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.managingmadrid.com/2017/12/28/16827012/ronaldo-zidane-globe-soccer-awards-2017 |title=Ronaldo and Zidane win Globe Soccer Awards for Best Player and Best Coach |website=Managing Madrid |access-date=31 December 2017 |date=28 December 2017 |last=Navarrete |first=Lucas |quote=Real Madrid swept the 2017 Globe Soccer Awards as Cristiano Ronaldo was named the best player, Zinedine Zidane the best coach and the club won the Team of the Year Award.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/12/zidane-received-the-best-coach-of-the-year-award |title=Zidane received the Best Coach of the Year award |date=28 December 2017 |publisher=Real Madrid CF |access-date=31 December 2017 |quote=Zinedine Zidane picked up the Best Coach of the Year award at the Dubai Globe Soccer gala.}}</ref> * [[World Soccer Magazine#Men's World Manager of the Year|World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year]]: 2017;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/news/ronaldo-leads-real-madrids-clean-sweep-of-world-soccer-awards-399190 |title=Ronaldo leads Real Madrid's clean sweep of World Soccer awards |website=World Soccer |date=28 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> Runner-up: 2018<ref>{{citation |title=WORLD SOCCER AWARDS 2018 |journal=World Soccer |pages=32 |date=January 2019}}</ref> *''[[France Football]]'' 22nd Greatest Manager of All Time: 2019<ref name="Top6FF">{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/magazine/?prov=W-HP-LBMU|title=Top 50 des coaches de l'historie|publisher=France Football |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 50 best coaches in history, according to 'France Football'|url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/the-50-best-coaches-in-history-according-to-france-football-607455|website=BeSoccer|date=29 March 2019|access-date=6 December 2019|language=en-EN|archive-date=5 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105071405/https://www.besoccer.com/new/the-50-best-coaches-in-history-according-to-france-football-607455|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' 34th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2019<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/08/20/50-greatest-football-managers-all-time|title= The 50 Greatest Football Managers of All Time|publisher= Sports Illustrated |date=20 August 2019}}</ref> *[[Miguel Muñoz Trophy]]: [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2020/07/20/5f14c50322601d45688b4601.html|title= This season's honours list in LaLiga Santander|publisher= Marca |date=20 July 2020}}</ref> *[[L'Equipe]]'s Best Club Coach: 2020<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2020/08/04/5f293fcaca474163568b4637.html|title= Zidane named the best club coach in the world|publisher= MARCA |date=4 August 2020}}</ref> *[[FourFourTwo]]'s 36th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/best-greatest-football-managers-ever-all-time|title =The 100 greatest football managers of all time|publisher= FourFourTwo|date= 26 May 2020}}</ref> * [[Globe Soccer Awards#2020|Globe Soccer Awards]] Coach of the Century 2001–2020 (Runners-up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/guardiola-coach-century-man-city-19526691 |title=Man City boss Pep Guardiola named Coach of the Century|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=27 December 2020}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]]'s 38th All Time World's Best Coach: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/974|title=IFFHS ALL TIME RANKING OF THE WORLD'S BEST COACH (1996-2020)|publisher=IFFHS|date=25 February 2021| access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref> ===Orders=== *[[Knight of the Legion of Honour]]: 1998<ref>{{cite journal |date=25 July 1998 |title=Décret du 24 juillet 1998 portant nomination à titre exceptionnel |trans-title=Decree of 24 July 1998 appointing on an exceptional basis |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000374701 |journal=Official Journal of the French Republic |volume=1998 |issue=170 |id=PREX9801916D |access-date=2 January 2021 |language=fr}}</ref> *[[National Order of Merit (Algeria)|National Order of Merit]]: 2006<ref>{{cite journal |date=11 December 2006 |title=Décret présidentiel n° 06–445 |url=https://www.joradp.dz/jo2000/2006/080/FP5.pdf |trans-title=Presidential Decree No. 06–445 |journal=Official Journal of the Algerian Republic |volume=80 |access-date=15 January 2019 |language=fr}}</ref> *[[Officer of the Legion of Honour]]: 2008<ref>{{cite journal |date=1 January 2009 |title=Décret du 31 décembre 2008 portant promotion et nomination |trans-title=Decree of 31 December 2008 on promotion and appointment |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000020020329 |journal=Official Journal of the French Republic |volume=2009 |issue=1 |id=PREX0828237D |access-date=2 January 2021 |language=fr}}</ref> ===Records=== ====As a player==== * [[List of most expensive association football transfers|The most expensive footballer in history]]: 2001–2009<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.overlyzer.com/en/football/a-true-galactico-a-look-at-zinedine-zidanes-transfer-from-juventus-to-real-madrid/ |title=A true Galactico: A look at Zinedine Zidane's transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=Overlyzer |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311144102/https://www.overlyzer.com/en/football/a-true-galactico-a-look-at-zinedine-zidanes-transfer-from-juventus-to-real-madrid/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup records#Goalscoring|Most FIFA World Cup Final matches scored in]]: 2 matches (shared with [[Pelé]], [[Vavá]], [[Paul Breitner]] and [[Kylian Mbappé]])<ref name="WC records">{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/world-cup-records-most-trophies-top-goalscorers-penalty-shootout-/1b0mdjhxj85wr1odw2t5c7lf0m |title=World Cup records – Most trophies, top goalscorers, penalty shootout form & amazing statistics |access-date=17 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup records#Discipline|Most red cards received in FIFA World Cup matches]]: 2 (shared with [[Rigobert Song]])<ref name="WC records" /> * Midfielder with the [[European Sports Media#By player|most appearances in the ESM Team of the Season]]<ref>4 appearances between 1997–98 and 2003–04.</ref> * One of the two players in history to be named player of the year in [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|3 of the Top 5 Leagues]]: [[Trophées UNFP du football|Division 1 Player of the Year]] (1996), [[Serie A Footballer of the Year]] (2001), [[Don Balón Award]] (2002)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/top-4-records-set-by-zinedine-zidane/2 |title=Top 4 records set by Zinedine Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Sportskeeda|date=28 March 2018 }}</ref> * Only player in history to win the [[1998 FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] and the [[UEFA Euro 2000|European Championship]] while being named best player of both competitions<ref>[[UEFA European Championship awards#Player of the Tournament|Best player of the Euro 2000]] and [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball award at the 2006 World Cup]].</ref> * Most [[Onze d'Or#Wins by player|Onze d'Or]] awards: 7 in total (shared with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]])<ref>3 Onzes d'Or, 3 Onzes d'Argent and 1 Onze de Bronze.</ref> * Most [[FIFA World Player of the Year#Wins by player|FIFA World Player of the Year]] awards: 6 in total<ref>3 FIFA World Player of the Year awards, 1 FIFA World Player of the Year Silver award and 2 FIFA World Player of the Year Bronze awards.</ref> ====As a manager==== * [[Football records in Spain#Wins|Best winning streak in the history of La Liga]]: 16 games (shared with [[Pep Guardiola]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/zinedine-zidane-leads-real-madrid-to-club-record-16th-straight-la-liga-win-091916 |title=Zinedine Zidane leads Real Madrid to club record 16th straight La Liga win |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> * [[Football records in Spain#Wins|Most consecutive away wins in the history of La Liga]]: 13 games<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20171014/432068583364/zidane-supera-a-guardiola-con-13-victorias-seguidas-fuera.html |title=Zidane supera a Guardiola con 13 victorias de Liga seguidas fuera |access-date=18 May 2018 |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona}}</ref> * Manager with the lowest number of defeats after 100 games ([[La Liga|in Spanish football]]): 8 losses<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defensacentral.com/real_madrid/1508087906-la-razon-que-demuestra-que-zidane-es-unico |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018100853/http://www.defensacentral.com/real_madrid/1508087906-la-razon-que-demuestra-que-zidane-es-unico |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2017 |title=La razón que demuestra que Zidane es único |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=defensacentral.com}}</ref> * Manager with most trophies after 100 games ([[La Liga|in Spanish football]]): 7 titles<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/10/12/primera/1507807822_605038.html |title=Zidane: centenario de oro |access-date=18 May 2018 |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid}}</ref> * [[List of Real Madrid CF records and statistics#Streaks|Longest unbeaten run in Real Madrid history]]: 40 games<ref name="40G Rec">{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/01/40-matches-unbeaten-a-spanish-footballing-record |title=40 matches unbeaten, a Spanish footballing record |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> * Longest unbeaten run [[La Liga|in Spanish football]]: 40 games<ref name="40G Rec" /> * First French manager, except the French-Argentinian [[Helenio Herrera]], to win UEFA Champions League: 2015–16<ref>{{cite web |url=https://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/first-french-manager-to-win-the-champions-league-zinedine-zidane/ |title=First French manager to win the Champions League- Zinedine Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=frenchfootballdaily.com}}</ref> * [[List of Real Madrid CF records and statistics#Streaks|Longest scoring run (all major competitions) in European football]]: 73 games<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/zinedine-zidane-real-madrid-equal-pele-santos-1463854 |title=Zidane's Real equal Pele's Santos |access-date=18 May 2018 |newspaper=The Daily Star |location=Bangladesh}}</ref> * Only manager in history to win two consecutive UEFA Champions League trophies in its modern format: 2015–16, 2016–17<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/12/zidane-8-titles-in-2-years |title=Zidane: Eight titles in less than two years |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> *Only manager to win three consecutive [[European Cup]]/UEFA Champions League finals: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2558348.html |title=Zidane reaches more milestones in Kyiv |access-date=27 May 2018 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * Only manager in Real Madrid history to win four trophies in one season<ref name="Goal Rec">{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/es-ar/noticias/los-records-de-zinedine-zidane-en-sus-primeros-100-partidos/1t4j6qca0icj91b6c2vtthbxxi |title=Los récords de Zinedine Zidane en sus primeros 100 partidos en el Real Madrid |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> * Only manager in Real Madrid history to win the UEFA Super Cup twice<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/08/zidane-the-first-whites-coach-to-win-the-uefa-super-cup-twice |title=Zidane, the first Whites coach to win the UEFA Super Cup twice |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> * First manager to win two consecutive UEFA Super Cup titles since [[Arrigo Sacchi]]<ref name="Goal Rec" /> * Quickest manager in the history of the [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|Top 5 Leagues]] to win 7 titles with a single club: 19 months<ref name="ZZ Rec">{{cite news |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/photos/back-day-6-managers-were-151258986/p-ballon-dor-winner-prime-photo-152019574.html |title=6 Managers Who Were World Class Players in Their Prime |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=Yahoo Sports}}</ref> * Quickest manager in the history of the [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|Top 5 Leagues]] to win 8 titles with a single club: 23 months<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/top-4-records-set-by-zinedine-zidane/3 |title=Top 4 records set by Zinedine Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Sportskeeda|date=28 March 2018 }}</ref> * Quickest manager in history to be named [[The Best FIFA Football Coach|FIFA Football Coach of the Year]]: 653 days<ref name="ZZ Rec" /> * Most [[The Best FIFA Football Coach]] awards: 3 in total<ref>1 The Best FIFA Football Coach award and 2 The Best FIFA Football Coach Silver awards.</ref> * Only person in history to win the [[Onze d'Or]] award [[Onze d'Or#Winners|as a player]] and [[Onze d'Or#Coach of the Year|as a manager]]<ref>3 Onze d'Or awards as a player (1998, 2000, 2001) and 1 Onze d'Or award as a manager (2017).</ref> * Only person in history to win [[FIFA World Player of the Year#Wins by player|FIFA's Player of the Year award]] and [[The Best FIFA Football Coach|Coach of the Year award]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/es-co/noticias/zidane-primero-en-ganar-el-premio-fifa-a-mejor-jugador-y/1e6lv6q3q5g1s13dhcjmtphr9a |title=Zidane, primero en ganar el premio FIFA a Mejor Jugador y Mejor Entrenador |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> * Only person in history to win the [[IFFHS]] award [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#The World's Best Playmaker|as the best playmaker]] and [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach#List of winners|as a manager]]<ref name="IFFHS Rec">{{cite web |url=https://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane/ |title=THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2017 : THE CROWN OF ZIDANE |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=IFFHS |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160520/https://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Only person in history to win the FIFA Club World Cup trophy successively as a manager<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/16/real-madrid-retains-club-world-cup-after-cristiano-ronaldo-scores-the-winner-from-free-kick/ |title=Real Madrid First Team To Retain Club World Cup |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518131919/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/16/real-madrid-retains-club-world-cup-after-cristiano-ronaldo-scores-the-winner-from-free-kick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Only manager in Real Madrid history to win five trophies in a calendar year<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/real-madrid-win-five-trophies-in-a-calendar-year-for-first-time |title=Real Madrid win five trophies in a calendar year for first time |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Sportskeeda|date=17 December 2017 }}</ref> * Only person in history to win the FIFA Club World Cup/Intercontinental Cup twice as a player and twice as a manager<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fr.besoccer.com/info/nouveau-record-historique-pour-zidane-348736 |title=Nouveau record historique pour Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Besoccer.com |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805021624/https://fr.besoccer.com/info/nouveau-record-historique-pour-zidane-348736 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Only person in history to be named [[French Player of the Year]] twice and [[French Player of the Year#Manager of the Year|French Manager of the Year]] twice<ref>2 French Player of the Year awards (1998, 2002) and 2 French Manager of the Year awards (2016, 2017)</ref> * Highest score for a manager winning the [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach]] award: 326 points<ref name="IFFHS Rec" /> * First manager to reach three consecutive UEFA Champions League finals since [[Marcello Lippi]]: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-au/news/real-madrids-history-march-goes-on-as-they-match-juventus/6kporf8hwn9pzs506zii0j1q |title=Real Madrid's history march goes on as they match Juventus and pursue Bayern |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Sports links}} *{{FIFA player}} *{{UEFA player}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 1996}} {{France Squad 1998 World Cup}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 2000}} {{France Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{France Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zidane, Zinedine}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2002 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Footballers from Marseille]] [[Category:Real Madrid Castilla managers]] [[Category:Real Madrid CF managers]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:France at UEFA Euro 1996]] [[Category:France at the 1998 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:France at UEFA Euro 2000]] [[Category:France at the 2002 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:France at UEFA Euro 2004]] [[Category:France at the 2006 FIFA World Cup]] 5w5l2n6rqvl1n0w7ekuaoqrw2lluuuh 10882380 10882378 2026-06-09T14:55:34Z ~2026-34228-75 1819112 /* */ Fixed years 10882380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Zinedine Zidane<!--Do not add order of merits per Template:Infobox person.--> | image = Zidane_Zizu.jpg | image_size = 232 | caption = Zidane in 2017 | fullname = Zinedine Yazid Zidane<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.biography.com/people/zinedine-zidane-9541232|title=Zinedine Zidane biography|accessdate=28 May 2013|publisher=Biography.com}}</ref> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|6|23|df=yes}}<ref name="espn">{{cite web | title=Zinedine Zidane Profile | publisher=ESPN | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/player/bio/_/id/11066/zinedine-zidane&cc=4716?ver=global | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234948/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/player/bio/_/id/11066/zinedine-zidane%26cc%3D4716?ver=global | archivedate=28 June 2011 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Marseille]], France | height = 1.85 m | position = [[Midfielder#Attacking midfielder|Attacking midfielder]] | currentclub = [[France national football team|France]] (Manager) | youthyears1 = 1962–1964 | youthclubs1 = US Saint-Henri | youthyears2 = 1964–1967 | youthclubs2 = SO Septèmes-les-Vallons | youthyears3 = 1967–1970 | youthclubs3 = [[AS Cannes|Cannes]] | years1 = 1970–1973 | clubs1 = [[FC Barcelona|FC Barcelona]] | caps1 = 61 | goals1 = 6 | years2 = 1973–1977 | clubs2 = [[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] | caps2 = 139 | goals2 = 28 | years3 = 1977–1982 | clubs3 = [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] | caps3 = 151 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 1997–2002 | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | caps4 = 155 | goals4 = 37 | totalcaps = 506 | totalgoals = 95 | nationalyears1 = 1969–1970 | nationalteam1 = [[France national under-17 football team|France U17]] | nationalcaps1 = 4 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 1970–1971 | nationalteam2 = [[France national under-18 football team|France U18]] | nationalcaps2 = 6 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 1971–1975 | nationalteam3 = [[France national under-21 football team|France U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 20 | nationalgoals3 = 3 | nationalyears4 = 1975–1987 | nationalteam4 = [[France national football team|France]] | nationalcaps4 = 108 | nationalgoals4 = 31 | manageryears1 = 1995–1997 | managerclubs1 = [[Real Madrid Castilla]] | manageryears2 = 2016-2019 | managerclubs2 = [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] | medaltemplates = {{Medal|Team|{{fb|France}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]]|}} {{Medal|RU|[[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[UEFA Euro 2000|2000 ]]|}} }} '''Zinedine Zidane''' (born 23 June 1972, nicknamed '''Zizou''', '''Yaz''' and '''ZZ''') is a French former football player. He played for four European clubs and the French national team. He played for [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] from 1997 to 2002. His name is a predecessor to Zedan. ==Early life== Zidane was born in [[Marseille]], [[France]] and is of [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]] [[Berber people|Berber]] descent. ==Career== Zidane played for several famous football clubs, like [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] of [[Italy]] and [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] of [[Spain]]. He led France to win the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]] and the [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000 European Football Championship]]. In 2002 he also won the [[UEFA Champions League]] for Real Madrid, which was the ninth championship for Real Madrid. Zidane was picked as the FIFA World Player of the Year three times. He led France to the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup final]] and was arguably the best player in the tournament. He is widely regarded to be one of the greatest players of his generation and of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ronaldo-messi-10-greatest-football-players-all-time/8|title = Top 10 football players of all time}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/football/chelseas-eden-hazard-real-madrid-coach-zinedine-zidane-was-the-best-player-ever-a3240971.html|title = Chelsea star Hazard reveals his greatest-ever player|date = 5 May 2016}}</ref> ===Retirement === In [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]], Zidane announced that he would retire after the World Cup. Zidane was famous for headbutting [[Marco Materazzi]] in the chest during the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] final at the 110th minute of extra time and was sent off with a [[red card]]. France eventually lost 5-3 in penalties to [[Italy national football team|Italy]] and got second place. This incident was widely known as the Zidane headbutt. There is even a sculpture of it in [[Doha]], [[Qatar]]. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {| class="wikitable" Style="text-align: center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.zinedine.zidane.12.en.html |title=Zinedine Zidane |publisher=Footballdatabase.eu |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=31 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031051034/http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.joueurs.zinedine.zidane.12.en.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j2664.html Zidane, Zinedine Yazid Zidane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021033119/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j2664.html |date=21 October 2020 }}, BDFutbol</ref> |- !rowspan="2"|Club!!rowspan="2"|Season!!colspan="3"|League!!colspan="2"|Cup{{efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]].}}!!colspan="2"|[[UEFA competitions|Europe]]!!colspan="2"|Other!!colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="5"|[[AS Cannes|Cannes]]||[[1988–89 French Division 1|1988–89]]||[[Ligue 1|Division 1]]||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||0 |- |[[1989–90 French Division 1|1989–90]] |Division 1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0 |- |[[1990–91 French Division 1|1990–91]] |Division 1||28||1||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||1 |- |[[1991–92 French Division 1|1991–92]] |Division 1||31||5||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||38||5 |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!61!!6!!6!!0!!4!!0!!0!!0!!71!!6 |- |rowspan="5"|[[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]]||[[1992–93 French Division 1|1992–93]]||Division 1||35||10||4||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||11 |- |[[1993–94 French Division 1|1993–94]] |Division 1||34||6||3||0||6||2||colspan="2"|—||43||8 |- |[[1994–95 French Division 1|1994–95]] |Division 1||37||6||5||1||4||1||colspan="2"|—||46||8 |- |[[1995–96 FC Girondins de Bordeaux season|1995–96]] |Division 1||33||6||3||0||15||6||colspan="2"|—||51||12 |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!139!!28!!15!!2!!25!!9!!0!!0!!179!!39 |- |rowspan="6"|[[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]]||[[1996–97 Juventus F.C. season|1996–97]]||[[Serie A]]||29||5||2||0||10||2||3{{efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Super Cup]], one appearance in [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]].}}||0||44||7 |- |[[1997–98 Juventus F.C. season|1997–98]] |Serie A||32||7||5||1||11||3||1{{efn|name=SCI|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]].}}||0||49||11 |- |[[1998–99 Juventus F.C. season|1998–99]] |Serie A||25||2||5||0||10||0||1{{efn|name=SCI|Appearance in [[Supercoppa Italiana]].}}||0||41||2 |- |[[1999–2000 Juventus F.C. season|1999–2000]] |Serie A||32||4||3||1||6||0||colspan="2"|—||41||5 |- |[[2000–01 Juventus F.C. season|2000–01]] |Serie A||33||6||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||39||6 |- !colspan="2"|Totals!!151!!24!!17!!2!!41!!5!!5!!0!!214!!31 |- |rowspan="6"|[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]||[[2001–02 Real Madrid CF season|2001–02]]||[[La Liga]]||31||7||9||2||9||3||2{{efn|name=SCE|Appearance(s) in [[Supercopa de España]].}}||0||51||12 |- |[[2002–03 Real Madrid CF season|2002–03]] |La Liga||33||9||1||0||14||3||2{{efn|One appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], one appearance in [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]].}}||0||50||12 |- |[[2003–04 Real Madrid CF season|2003–04]] |La Liga||33||6||7||1||10||3||2{{efn|name=SCE}}||0||52||10 |- |[[2004–05 Real Madrid CF season|2004–05]] |La Liga||29||6||1||0||10||0||colspan="2"|—||40||6 |- |[[2005–06 Real Madrid CF season|2005–06]] |La Liga||29||9||5||0||4||0||colspan="2"|—||38||9 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!155!!37!!23!!3!!47!!9!!6!!0!!230!!49 |- !colspan="3"|Career total!!506!!95!!61!!7!!117!!23!!11!!0!!695!!125 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by year and competition |- !rowspan="2"|Team !rowspan="2"|Year !colspan="2"|Competitive !colspan="2"|Friendly !colspan="2"|Total |- !Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="13"|[[France national football team|France]]<ref name="RSSSF">{{cite web |last=Pla Diaz |first=Emilio |title=Zinedine Zidane - Century of International Appearances |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/zidane-intl.html |website=[[RSSSF|Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] |date=23 July 2006 |access-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919054807/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/zidane-intl.html |archive-date=19 September 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National football team player Zinédine Zidane |url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=23447 |website=eu-football.info |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124173917/https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=23447 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> |1994||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearance in the [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying]]</ref>||0||1||2||2||2 |- |1995||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying]]</ref>||2||1||0||6||2 |- |1996||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances at [[UEFA Euro 1996]]</ref>||0||7||1||12||1 |- |1997||colspan="2"|—||8||1||8||1 |- |1998||8<ref group="lower-alpha">Five appearances and two goals in the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]], three appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying]]</ref>||2||7||3||15||5 |- |1999||3<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying]]</ref>||1||3||0||6||1 |- |2000||5<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances at [[UEFA Euro 2000]]</ref>||2||8||2||13||4 |- |2001||colspan="2"|—||8||2||8||2 |- |2002||4<ref group="lower-alpha">One appearance in the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]], three appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]</ref>||0||5||1||9||1 |- |2003||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]]</ref>||3||3||0||7||3 |- |2004||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances at [[UEFA Euro 2004]]</ref>||3||3||1||7||4 |- |2005||4<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]]</ref>||1||1||1||5||2 |- |2006||6<ref group="lower-alpha">Appearances in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]</ref>||3||4||0||10||3 |- !colspan="2"|Total||49||17||59||14||108||31 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} :''Scores and results list France's goal tally first.'' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Key !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#C3C3C3"|{{double-dagger}} | Indicates goal was scored from a [[Penalty kick (association football)|penalty kick]] |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#9F9"| |Indicates won the match |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#ffb"| |Indicates the match ended in [[Tie (draw)|draw]] |- !scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#8fcfdf"| |Refers to unofficial matches |} {{anchor|Goals}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+International goals scored by Zinedine Zidane |- ! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" | Cap ! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" | Venue ! scope="col" | Opponent ! scope="col" | Score ! scope="col" | Result ! scope="col" | Competition |- ! scope="row" | 1 | rowspan="2" align=center | 1 || rowspan="2" | 17 August 1994 || rowspan="2" | [[Stade Chaban-Delmas]], [[Bordeaux]], France || rowspan="2" | {{fb|CZE}} || align=center | 1–2 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{pending|2–2}} || rowspan="2" | [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- ! scope="row" | 2 | align=center | 2–2 |- ! scope="row" | 3 | align=center | 6 || 6 September 1995 || [[Stade de l'Abbé-Deschamps]], [[Auxerre]], France || {{fb|AZE}} || align=center | 7–0 || align=center {{win|10–0}} || [[UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying#Group 1|UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying]] |- ! scope="row" | 4 | align=center | 7 || 11 October 1995 || [[Stadionul Steaua (1974)|Stadionul Steaua]], [[Bucharest]], Romania || {{fb|ROU}} || align=center | 3–1 || align=center {{win|3–1}} |UEFA Euro 1996 qualifying |- ! scope="row" | 5 | align=center | 10 || 21 February 1996 || [[Stade des Costières]], [[Nîmes]], France || {{fb|GRE}} || align=center | 3–1 || align=center {{win|3–1}} || [[Exhibition game#Association football|Friendly]] |- |- style="background:#8fcfdf;" ! scope="row" | 6 | align=center | 26 || 11 June 1997 || [[Parc des Princes]], [[Paris]], France || {{fb|ITA}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{pending|2–2}} || [[1997 Tournoi de France]] |- ! scope="row" | 7 | align=center | 29 || 28 January 1998 || [[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], France || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 8 | align=center | 30 || 25 February 1998 || [[Stade Vélodrome]], [[Marseille]], France || {{fb|NOR}} || align=center | 2–1 || align=center {{pending|3–3}} |Friendly |- |- style="background:#8fcfdf;" ! scope="row" | 9 | align=center | 32 || 27 May 1998 || [[Stade Mohammed V]], [[Casablanca]], Morocco || {{fb|BEL}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || [[1998 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament|1998 King Hassan II Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 10 | rowspan="2" align=center | 39 || rowspan="2" | 12 July 1998 || rowspan="2" | Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || rowspan="2" | {{fb|BRA}} || align=center | 1–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{win|3–0}} || rowspan="2" | [[1998 FIFA World Cup Final|1998 FIFA World Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 11 | align=center | 2–0 |- ! scope="row" | 12 | align=center | 47 || 8 September 1999 || [[Hrazdan Stadium]], [[Yerevan]], Armenia || {{fb|ARM}}|| align="center" | 2–1 || align=center {{win|3–2}} || [[UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying#Group 4|UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying]] |- ! scope="row" | 13 | align=center | 50 || 23 February 2000 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|POL}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- |- style="background:#8fcfdf;" ! scope="row" | 14 | align=center | 53 || 4 June 2000 || Stade Mohamed V, Casablanca, Morocco || {{fb|JPN}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{pending|2–2}} || [[2000 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament|2000 King Hassan II Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 15 | align=center | 57 || 25 June 2000 || Jan Breydel Stadium, [[Bruges]], Belgium || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|2–1}} || [[UEFA Euro 2000]] |- ! scope="row" | 16 | align=center | 58 || 28 June 2000 || [[King Baudouin Stadium]], [[Brussels]], Belgium || {{fb|POR}} || align=center | 2–1{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{win|2–1}} |UEFA Euro 2000 |- ! scope="row" | 17 | align=center | 63 || 27 February 2001 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|GER}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 18 | align=center | 64 || 24 March 2001 |Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France|| {{fb|JPN}} || align=center | 1–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{win|5–0}} |Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 19 | align=center | 72 || 27 March 2002 |Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France|| {{fb|SCO}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|5–0}} |Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 20 | rowspan="2" align=center | 81 || rowspan="2" | 29 March 2003 || rowspan="2" | [[Stade Bollaert-Delelis]], [[Lens]], [[Pas-de-Calais]], France || rowspan="2" | {{fb|MLT}} || align=center | 4–0 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{win|6–0}} || rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying#Group 1|UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying]] |- ! scope="row" | 21 | align=center | 6–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} |- ! scope="row" | 22 | align=center | 82 || 2 April 2003 || [[Stadio Renzo Barbera]], [[Palermo]], Italy || {{fb|ISR}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center {{win|2–1}} |UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |- ! scope="row" | 23 | align=center | 89 || 6 June 2004 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|UKR}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|1–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 24 | rowspan="2" align=center | 90 || rowspan="2" | 13 June 2004 || rowspan="2" | [[Estádio da Luz]], [[Lisbon]], Portugal || rowspan="2" | {{fb|ENG}} || align=center | 1–1 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" {{win|2–1}} || rowspan="2" | [[UEFA Euro 2004#Group B|UEFA Euro 2004]] |- ! scope="row" | 25 | align=center | 2–1{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} |- ! scope="row" | 26 | align=center | 92 || 21 June 2004 || [[Estádio Cidade de Coimbra]], [[Coimbra]], Portugal || {{fb|SUI}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|3–1}} |UEFA Euro 2004 |- ! scope="row" | 27 | align=center | 94 || 17 August 2005 || [[Stade de la Mosson]], [[Montpellier]], France || {{fb|CIV}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center {{win|3–0}} || Friendly |- ! scope="row" | 28 | align=center | 98 || 12 October 2005 || Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|CYP}} || align=center | 1–0 || align=center {{win|4–0}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#Groub 4|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- ! scope="row" | 29 | align=center | 105 || 27 June 2006 || [[Niedersachsenstadion]], [[Hannover]], Germany || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center | 3–1 || align=center {{win|3–1}} || [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] |- ! scope="row" | 30 | align=center | 107 || 5 July 2006 || [[Allianz Arena]], [[Munich]], Germany || {{fb|POR}} || align=center | 1–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{win|1–0}} |2006 FIFA World Cup |- ! scope="row" | 31 | align=center | 108 || 9 July 2006 || [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], [[Berlin]], Germany || {{fb|ITA}} || align=center | 1–0{{double dagger|alt=penalty}} || align=center {{pending|1–1}}<br />{{pen|3–5}} || 2006 FIFA World Cup |} ==Managerial statistics== {{Updated|22 May 2021}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ Managerial record by team and tenure |- !rowspan="2"|Team !rowspan="2"|From !rowspan="2"|To !colspan="8"|Record !rowspan=2|{{abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Tooltip|G|Games managed}} !{{Tooltip|W|Games won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Games drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Games lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} !{{Tooltip|GD|Goal difference}} !{{Tooltip|Win %|Winning percentage}} |- | [[Real Madrid Castilla]] | 25 June 2014 | 4 January 2016 {{WDL|57|26|17|14|for=88|against=58|diff=yes}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2014-15|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2014–15|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081255/http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2014-15|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=61&rival=-|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2015–16|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081651/http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=61&rival=-|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | 4 January 2016 | 31 May 2018 {{WDL|149|105|28|16|for=398|against=163|diff=yes}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=2&rival=-|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2015–16|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321081454/http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?cat=-&temp=2015-16&equip=2&rival=-|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2016-17|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2016–17|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722090451/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2016-17|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2017-18|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2017–18|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721174358/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2017-18|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 11 March 2019 | 27 May 2021<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57263375|title=Zinedine Zidane leaves Real Madrid for second time as manager|publisher=bbc.com|date=27 May 2021|access-date=27 May 2021|archive-date=27 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527101829/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/57263375|url-status=live}}</ref> {{WDL|114|69|25|20|for=207|against=104|diff=yes}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2018-19|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2018–19|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=11 March 2019|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721181335/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2018-19|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2019-20|title=Zidane: Zinedine Yazid Zidane: Matches 2019–20|publisher=BDFutbol|access-date=25 August 2019|archive-date=21 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721174423/https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/p/l2664.html?temp=2018-19|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! colspan=3|Career totals {{WDLtot|320|200|70|50|for=693|against=325|diff=yes}} ! |} ==Honours== ===Player=== '''Bordeaux'''<ref name="Fifa Profile">[https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=163331/profile.html "French heir who became king"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111519/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=163331/profile.html |date=22 June 2018 }}. FIFA.com. Retrieved 17 November 2013.</ref> *[[UEFA Intertoto Cup]]: [[1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup|1995]] *[[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]] runner-up: [[1995–96 UEFA Cup|1995–96]] '''Juventus'''<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> *[[Serie A]]: [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[1997–98 Serie A|1997–98]] *[[Supercoppa Italiana]]: [[1997 Supercoppa Italiana|1997]] *[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[1996 UEFA Super Cup|1996]] *[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[1996 Intercontinental Cup|1996]] *UEFA Intertoto Cup: [[1999 UEFA Intertoto Cup|1999]] *[[UEFA Champions League]] runner-up: [[1996–97 UEFA Champions League|1996–97]], [[1997–98 UEFA Champions League|1997–98]] '''Real Madrid'''<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> *[[La Liga]]: [[2002–03 La Liga|2002–03]] *[[Supercopa de España]]: [[2001 Supercopa de España|2001]], [[2003 Supercopa de España|2003]] *[[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2001–02 UEFA Champions League|2001–02]] *[[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2002 UEFA Super Cup|2002]] *[[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]: [[2002 Intercontinental Cup|2002]] '''France U16''' * Syrenka Cup: 1987<ref>{{cite web |first=Olgierd |last=Kwiatkowski |url=http://www.sport.pl/sport/1,67926,3465651.html |title=Warszawski ślad Zinedine'a Zidane'a |language=pl |publisher=[[:pl:Gazeta.pl|Gazeta.pl]] |website=sport.pl |date=9 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709190738/http://www.sport.pl/sport/1,67926,3465651.html |archive-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> '''France'''<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> *[[FIFA World Cup]]: [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]]; runner-up: [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] *[[UEFA European Championship]]: [[UEFA Euro 2000|2000]] '''Individual''' <!--LEAGUE AWARDS ONLY. No fan or magazine-voted awards. Listed in chronological order from last time won.--> * [[Trophées UNFP du football|French Division 1 Young Player of the Year]]: [[1993–94 French Division 1|1993–94]]<ref name=Awards /> * [[Trophées UNFP du football|French Division 1 Player of the Year]]: [[1995–96 French Division 1|1995–96]]<ref name=Awards>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/zinedine-zidanes-records-in-football |title=Zinedine Zidane's records and achievements in football |website=Sportskeeda.com |date=3 June 2014 |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018211815/https://www.sportskeeda.com/amp/football/zinedine-zidanes-records-in-football |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Serie A Foreign Footballer of the Year]]: [[1996–97 Serie A|1996–97]], [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]] * [[Onze d'Or|Onze d'Argent]]: 1997, 2002, 2003 * [[FIFA]] XI: 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/fifa-xi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033752/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/fifa-xi.html|url-status=live|title=Matches of FIFA XI|archive-date=17 November 2015|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> * [[European Sports Magazines#ESM Team of the Year|ESM Team of the Year]]: 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04 * [[UEFA Club Football Awards|UEFA Club Midfielder of the Year]]: 1998<ref name=Awards /> * [[L'Équipe Champion of Champions#International|L'Équipe International Champion of Champions]]: 1998<ref name="lequipe_champion">{{cite web |url=http://www.whoholdsthetitle.com/home/championslist/list-of-lequipe-world-champion-of-champions-rafael-nadal-2010-winner.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605192942/https://whoholdsthetitle.com/home/championslist/list-of-lequipe-world-champion-of-champions-rafael-nadal-2010-winner.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2021 |title=L'Équipe World Champion of Champions |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=Whoholdsthetitle}}</ref> * [[L'Équipe Champion of Champions#France|L'Équipe France Champion of Champions]]: 1998<ref name="lequipe_champion" /> * [[FIFA World Cup awards#All-Star Team|FIFA World Cup All-Star team]]: [[1998 FIFA World Cup|1998]], [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006]] * [[World Soccer Awards]] Player of the Year: 1998<ref name=Awards /> * [[French Player of the Year#Winners|France Football French Player of the Year]]: 1998, 2002<ref name=Awards /> * [[Onze d'Or]]: 1998, 2000, 2001 * [[Ballon d'Or]]: [[1998 Ballon d'Or|1998]]<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> * [[FIFA World Player of the Year]]: 1998, 2000, 2003<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> * [[El País (Uruguay)|El País European Player of the Year]]: 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003 * [[Onze d'Or|Onze de Bronze]]: 1999 * [[World Soccer (magazine)|World Soccer's Selection of the 100 Greatest Footballers of the 20th century]]: 1999 * [[French Player of the Year#Player of the Century|2nd French Player of the Century (France Football)]]: 2000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/franpoy.html |title=France – Footballer of the Year |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |date=8 January 2010 |access-date=18 December 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905115225/http://rsssf.com/miscellaneous/franpoy.html |archive-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> * [[UEFA European Championship awards#Player of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Player of the Tournament]]: 2000<ref name=Awards /> * [[UEFA European Championship awards#Team of the Tournament|UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament]]: 2000, 2004 * Serie A top assist provider: [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://soccer-europe.com/Archives/Seriea/Seriea0001/Performers.html |title=Performers |access-date=1 August 2017 |publisher=soccer-europe.com |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801115611/http://soccer-europe.com/Archives/Seriea/Seriea0001/Performers.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Serie A Footballer of the Year]]: [[2000–01 Serie A|2000–01]] * [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: 2001, 2002, 2003 * [[Don Balón Award]]: [[2001–02 La Liga|2001–02]] * [[El País|La Liga Best Foreign Player]]: [[2001–02 La Liga|2001–02]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/spanpoy.html |title=Spain – Footballer of the Year |access-date=1 October 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808193808/https://rsssf.org/miscellaneous/spanpoy.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA Club Footballer of the Year]]: 2002 * [[FIFA World Cup Dream Team]]: 2002 * [[FIFA 100]]: 2004 * [[UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll|UEFA Best European Player of the Past 50 Years]]: 2004 * [[FIFPro#FIFA FIFPro World XI|FIFA FIFPro World XI]]: 2005, 2006 * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#The World's Best Playmaker|IFFHS World's Best Playmaker]]: 2006<ref name="Former Results">{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/former-results/ |title=Former Results |publisher=IFFHS |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924094523/https://iffhs.de/former-results/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|FIFA World Cup Golden Ball]]: 2006<ref name="Fifa Profile"/> * [[Trophées UNFP du football#Trophée d'honneur UNFP|UNFP Honorary Award]]: 2007 * [[Association of Football Statisticians|AFS]] Top-100 Players of All Time #5: 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/afstop100.html |title=AFS Top-100 Players of All-Time |access-date=25 November 2017 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530051331/https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/afstop100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Marca Leyenda]] Award: 2008 * [[Golden Foot]] Legends Award: 2008 * [[ESPN]] Team of the Decade: 2009 * ESPN Player of the Decade: 2009 * [[Fox Sports]] Player of the Decade: 2009<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2009/12/18/mas_futbol/1261090861_850215.html |title=Fox Sports elige a Zidane 'futbolista de la década' |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307231448/https://as.com/futbol/2009/12/18/mas_futbol/1261090861_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[List of 2009 all-decade Sports Illustrated awards and honors#Soccer All-Decade Team|Sports Illustrated Team of the Decade]]: 2009<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wahl |first=Grant |title=2000s: The Decade in Sports; All-Decade Team: Soccer |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/magazine/specials/2000s/12/15/soccer.decade.team/index.html |date=21 December 2009 |access-date=30 August 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113202936/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2009/magazine/specials/2000s/12/15/soccer.decade.team/index.html |archive-date=13 November 2012}}</ref> * [[List of 2009 all-decade Sports Illustrated awards and honors#Soccer|Sports Illustrated Player of the Decade]]: 2009<ref name=Awards /> * [[Don Balón Award|Don Balón Team of the Decade]]: 2010<ref name="DB">{{cite web |url=https://issuu.com/la_hora/docs/donbalon060111 |title=El equipo de ensueño del siglo XXI |date=5 January 2011 |access-date=31 July 2017 |publisher=Don Balón |archive-date=16 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216000845/https://issuu.com/la_hora/docs/donbalon060111 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Don Balón Award|Don Balón Player of the Decade]]: 2010<ref name="DB" /> * [[Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award]]: 2011<ref name=Awards /> * [[UEFA]] team of teams: 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/blogs/blog=ucl_blog_talkingpoint/postid=1740862.html#the+team+teams |title=Team of the Teams of the Year |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=26 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126000347/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/blogs/blog=ucl_blog_talkingpoint/postid=1740862.html#the+team+teams |url-status=live }}</ref> * UEFA Champions League Best Player of the Past 20 Years: 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-des-champions/2011-2012/le-meilleur-cest-zidane_sto3032163/story.shtml |title=Le meilleur c'est Zidane |date=18 November 2011 |access-date=27 January 2016 |publisher=Eurosport |archive-date=22 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141122214943/http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-des-champions/2011-2012/le-meilleur-cest-zidane_sto3032163/story.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Trophées UNFP du football#Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP|Équipe type spéciale 20 ans des trophées UNFP]]: 2011 * [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] Greatest XI of All Time: 2012<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marca.com/2012/03/07/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1331125310.html |title=Un once increíble |access-date=17 July 2016 |newspaper=Marca |location=Madrid |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226230231/https://www.marca.com/2012/03/07/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1331125310.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[World Soccer (magazine)#Greatest XI of All Time|World Soccer Greatest XI of All Time]]: 2013<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/features/the-greatest-xi-how-the-panel-voted-341427 |title=How the panel voted |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=World Soccer |date=2 July 2013 |archive-date=30 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930122457/http://www.worldsoccer.com/features/the-greatest-xi-how-the-panel-voted-341427 |url-status=live }}</ref> * Real Madrid Hall of Fame: 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/history/football-legends/zinedine-zidane |title=Zidane, A genius who marked an era |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Real Madrid CF |archive-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321213842/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/history/football-legends/zinedine-zidane |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA Team of the Year#UEFA Ultimate Team of the Year|UEFA Ultimate Team of the Year]] (substitute): 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2201679.html |title=Ultimate Team of the Year: The All-Time XI |publisher=UEFA |date=22 November 2015 |access-date=25 November 2015 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231165432/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2201679.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[IFFHS]] Legends: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/iffhs-has-announced-the-48-football-legend-players/ |title=IFFHS announce the 48 football legend players |publisher=IFFHS |date=25 January 2016 |access-date=6 October 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924082150/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-has-announced-the-48-football-legend-players/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[UEFA European Championship Teams of the Tournament#All-time Euro XI|UEFA European Championship All-Time XI]]: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2371381.html |title=Your All-time EURO 11 revealed |publisher=UEFA |date=7 June 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626232029/https://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=2371381.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[FourFourTwo]]'s Selection of the 100 Greatest Footballers of All Time #8: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no8-zinedine-zidane |title=FourFourTwo's 100 Greatest Footballers EVER: No.8, Zinedine Zidane |website=FourFourTwo |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-date=30 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530200436/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/fourfourtwos-100-greatest-footballers-ever-no8-zinedine-zidane |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] Greatest XI of All Time: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juventus.com/en/news/news/2017/juve120-team-announced.php |title=#JUVE120 team announced |publisher=Juventus F.C. |date=24 November 2017 |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527064014/http://www.juventus.com/en/news/news/2017/juve120-team-announced.php |archive-date=27 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''[[L'Équipe]]'' Best French Player of All Time: 2018<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Top/Football/top_100_foot_francais/13/ |title=Les 100 meilleurs joueurs français de l'histoire du football |newspaper=L'Équipe |location=Paris |date=27 May 2018 |access-date=2 June 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035354/https://www.lequipe.fr/Top/Football/top_100_foot_francais/13/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Ballon d'Or Dream Team]] (Silver): 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=The other two Ballon d'Or Dream Team XIs: Zidane, Cruyff, Iniesta, Di Stefano... but no Casillas |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/12/14/5fd7bc8522601d53598b45b2.html |website=[[MARCA]] |date=15 December 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215113120/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2020/12/14/5fd7bc8522601d53598b45b2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] All-time Men's B Dream Team: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1110|publisher=IFFHS|date=22 May 2021|access-date=31 May 2021|title=IFFHS|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213838/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1110|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]] All-time Europe Men's Dream Team: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1121|publisher=IFFHS|date=29 May 2021|access-date=31 May 2021|title=IFFHS|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603054252/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/1121|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[FourFourTwo]]'s 100 best football players of all time #5: 2022<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-100-best-football-players-of-all-time/10 |title=Ranked! The 100 best football players of all time |website=FourFourTwo |date=10 October 2022 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105204636/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/ranked-the-100-best-football-players-of-all-time/10 |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Italian Football Hall of Fame]]: 2022<ref name="2022-SerieAHoF">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2023 |title=Da Zola a Mourinho e Zidane: le nuove leggende della Hall of fame del calcio italiano |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/figc-hall-of-fame-giocatori-allenatori#00 |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=Sky Italia |language=it |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423061717/https://sport.sky.it/calcio/serie-a/figc-hall-of-fame-giocatori-allenatori#00 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Manager=== '''Real Madrid''' *La Liga: [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/3131112/real-madrid-win-on-final-day-to-secure-title-in-la-liga-over-barcelona |title=Real Madrid win on final day to secure title in La Liga over Barcelona |website=ESPN FC |date=21 May 2017 |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007212515/http://www.espnfc.com/spanish-primera-division/story/3131112/real-madrid-win-on-final-day-to-secure-title-in-la-liga-over-barcelona |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]] *Supercopa de España: [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2019–20 Supercopa de España|2019–20]] *UEFA Champions League: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]] *UEFA Super Cup: [[2016 UEFA Super Cup|2016]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]] *[[FIFA Club World Cup]]: [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]] '''Individual''' * [[La Liga Manager of the Month]]: [[2015–16 La Liga#Monthly|April 2016]], [[2016–17 La Liga#Monthly awards|May 2017]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-liga-bbva-manager-of-the-month-for-april |title=Zinedine Zidane named Liga BBVA Manager of the Month for April |publisher=La Liga |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725094558/http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-liga-bbva-manager-of-the-month-for-april |archive-date=25 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-laliga-santander-manager-of-the-month-for-may |title=Zinedine Zidane named LaLiga Santander Manager of the Month for May |publisher=La Liga |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613041111/http://www.laliga.es/en/news/zinedine-zidane-named-laliga-santander-manager-of-the-month-for-may |archive-date=13 June 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[UEFA]] La Liga Team Revelation of the Year: [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2016/05/17/573adcede2704e6d6a8b45e4.html |title=Zidane is the chosen one for UEFA's 'Team Revelation' |newspaper=Marca |location=Madrid |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=4 June 2016 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923135817/https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2016/05/17/573adcede2704e6d6a8b45e4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * UEFA Champions League Breakthrough XI: 2015–16<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2431805.html "Our Champions League breakthrough team of 2016"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608014017/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid%3D2431805.html |date=8 June 2019 }}. UEFA. Retrieved 24 October 2017.</ref> * [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach]] – Runner-up: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2016-diego-someone/ |title=THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2016 : Diego Simeone |publisher=IFFHS |date=27 December 2016 |access-date=27 December 2016 |archive-date=27 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227200235/http://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2016-diego-someone/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[The Best FIFA Football Coach]]: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017#The Best FIFA Men's Coach|2017]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |title=The Best FIFA Men's Coach |publisher=FIFA |date=23 October 2017 |access-date=23 October 2017 |archive-date=1 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093316/https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Runner-up: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2016#The Best FIFA Men's Coach|2016]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |title=The Best FIFA Men's Coach |publisher=FIFA |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |archive-date=1 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093316/https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/best-fifa-mens-coach/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2018#The Best FIFA Men's Coach|2018]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/10753307bf424cff/original/o1m6b5xups6mdzeq454o-pdf.pdf |title=FIFA Football Awards 2018 – Voting Results |publisher=FIFA |date=24 September 2018 |access-date=24 September 2018 |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202003056/https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/10753307bf424cff/original/o1m6b5xups6mdzeq454o-pdf.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[French Player of the Year#Manager of the Year|France Football French Manager of the Year]]: 2016,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2016-par-le-jury-de-france-football/767138 |title=Zinédine Zidane élu meilleur entraîneur français de l'année 2016 par le jury de France Football |website=France Football |date=9 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |archive-date=21 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121740/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2016-par-le-jury-de-france-football/767138 |url-status=live }}</ref> 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-real-madrid-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2017/865045 |title=Zinédine Zidane (Real Madrid) entraîneur français de l'année 2017 |website=France Football |date=8 January 2018 |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-date=9 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109180836/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Zinedine-zidane-real-madrid-entraineur-francais-de-l-annee-2017/865045 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[El Heddaf|Le Buteur]] Coach of the Year: 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/02/zidane-le-buteur-coach-of-the-year |title=Zidane, 'Le Buteur' coach of the year |publisher=Real Madrid CF |date=10 February 2017 |access-date=19 February 2017 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015202448/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/02/zidane-le-buteur-coach-of-the-year |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA]] La Liga Team of the Season: 2016–17,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2017/05/22/primera/1495474276_384251.html |title=Once ideal de LaLiga para UEFA: 4 del Madrid, 3 del Barça... |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |date=22 May 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817123159/https://futbol.as.com/futbol/2017/05/22/primera/1495474276_384251.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 2019–20<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200722/482468088863/real-madrid-once-ideal-uefa.html|title= La UEFA se olvida de Oblak en sus equipo ideal de la Liga|publisher= Mundo Deportivo|date= 22 July 2020|access-date= 22 July 2020|archive-date= 22 August 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200822223634/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200722/482468088863/real-madrid-once-ideal-uefa.html|url-status= live}}</ref> * [[France Football]] UEFA Champions League Team of the Season: 2016–17<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ligue-des-champions-buffon-marcelo-neymar-cristiano-ronaldo-l-equipe-type-de-la-saison/807382 |title=Ligue des champions : Buffon, Marcelo, Neymar, Cristiano Ronaldo... L'équipe type de la saison |website=France Football |date=4 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308080551/https://www.francefootball.fr/news/Ligue-des-champions-buffon-marcelo-neymar-cristiano-ronaldo-l-equipe-type-de-la-saison/807382 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Onze d'Or#Coach of the Year|Onze d'Or Coach of the Year]]: 2016–17,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onzemondial.com/dossiers/218387-onze-or-zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-saison-real-madrid |title=Onze d'Or : Zinédine Zidane élu meilleur entraîneur de la saison |website=Onze Mondial |date=9 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |language=fr |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625011237/https://www.onzemondial.com/dossiers/218387-onze-or-zinedine-zidane-elu-meilleur-entraineur-saison-real-madrid |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/06/zidane-onze-de-oro-award-for-best-coach-of-the-season |title=Zidane, Onze de Oro award for best coach of the season |publisher=Real Madrid CF |location=Madrid, Spain |date=9 June 2017 |access-date=10 June 2017 |quote=Zinedine Zidane han been recognised by the French magazine Onze Mondial with the award of Onze de Oro best coach of the 2016–2017 season. |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626095248/https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/06/zidane-onze-de-oro-award-for-best-coach-of-the-season |url-status=live }}</ref> 2017–18,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/is-zidane-already-the-best-in-history-442516 |title=Is Zidane already the best in history? |website=BeSoccer.com |date=7 June 2018 |access-date=7 June 2018 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622155407/https://www.besoccer.com/new/is-zidane-already-the-best-in-history-442516 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2020–21<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onzemondial.com/liga/2020-2021/onze-d-or-2021-zinedine-zidane-meilleur-entraineur-de-la-saison-634005 |title=ONZE D'OR 2021 : ZINÉDINE ZIDANE MEILLEUR ENTRAÎNEUR DE LA SAISON ! |website=Onze Mondial |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2 April 2022}}</ref> * ESPN Manager of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/21589590/fc-100-best-men-players-managers-world-football#!manager |title=ESPN FC 100 |publisher=ESPN |date=4 December 2017 |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> * [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach]]: 2017,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane |title=THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2017 : THE CROWN OF ZIDANE |publisher=IFFHS |date=5 December 2017 |access-date=8 December 2017 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160520/https://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-worlds-best-club-coach-2018-zidanes-second-award/ |title=IFFHS AWARDS 2018 – THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2018 : ZIDANE'S SECOND COACH AWARD ! |website=iffhs.de |date=29 November 2018 |access-date=30 November 2018 |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071611/https://iffhs.de/iffhs-awards-2018-the-worlds-best-club-coach-2018-zidanes-second-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iffhs.de/the-iffhs-man-world-team-2017/ |title=The IFFHS Men World Team 2017 |publisher=IFFHS |date=12 December 2017 |access-date=8 April 2018 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213010651/http://iffhs.de/the-iffhs-man-world-team-2017/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[RMC (France)|RMC]] French Manager of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/plus-de-sports/rmc-sport-awards-zidane-manager-de-l-annee-savoure-une-annee-exceptionnelle-1322588.html |title=RMC Sport Awards: Zidane, manager de l'année, savoure "une année exceptionnelle" |website=RMC |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=10 December 2017 |archive-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212060748/http://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/plus-de-sports/rmc-sport-awards-zidane-manager-de-l-annee-savoure-une-annee-exceptionnelle-1322588.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Globe Soccer Awards]] Best Coach of the Year: 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.globesoccer.com/winners/zinedine-zidane-best-coach-year/ |title=Zinédine Zidane (Best Coach of the Year) |website=Globe Soccer |date=28 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.managingmadrid.com/2017/12/28/16827012/ronaldo-zidane-globe-soccer-awards-2017 |title=Ronaldo and Zidane win Globe Soccer Awards for Best Player and Best Coach |website=Managing Madrid |access-date=31 December 2017 |date=28 December 2017 |last=Navarrete |first=Lucas |quote=Real Madrid swept the 2017 Globe Soccer Awards as Cristiano Ronaldo was named the best player, Zinedine Zidane the best coach and the club won the Team of the Year Award.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/12/zidane-received-the-best-coach-of-the-year-award |title=Zidane received the Best Coach of the Year award |date=28 December 2017 |publisher=Real Madrid CF |access-date=31 December 2017 |quote=Zinedine Zidane picked up the Best Coach of the Year award at the Dubai Globe Soccer gala.}}</ref> * [[World Soccer Magazine#Men's World Manager of the Year|World Soccer Magazine World Manager of the Year]]: 2017;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldsoccer.com/news/ronaldo-leads-real-madrids-clean-sweep-of-world-soccer-awards-399190 |title=Ronaldo leads Real Madrid's clean sweep of World Soccer awards |website=World Soccer |date=28 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2017}}</ref> Runner-up: 2018<ref>{{citation |title=WORLD SOCCER AWARDS 2018 |journal=World Soccer |pages=32 |date=January 2019}}</ref> *''[[France Football]]'' 22nd Greatest Manager of All Time: 2019<ref name="Top6FF">{{cite web |url=https://www.francefootball.fr/magazine/?prov=W-HP-LBMU|title=Top 50 des coaches de l'historie|publisher=France Football |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 50 best coaches in history, according to 'France Football'|url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/the-50-best-coaches-in-history-according-to-france-football-607455|website=BeSoccer|date=29 March 2019|access-date=6 December 2019|language=en-EN|archive-date=5 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105071405/https://www.besoccer.com/new/the-50-best-coaches-in-history-according-to-france-football-607455|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' 34th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2019<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.si.com/soccer/2019/08/20/50-greatest-football-managers-all-time|title= The 50 Greatest Football Managers of All Time|publisher= Sports Illustrated |date=20 August 2019}}</ref> *[[Miguel Muñoz Trophy]]: [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2020/07/20/5f14c50322601d45688b4601.html|title= This season's honours list in LaLiga Santander|publisher= Marca |date=20 July 2020}}</ref> *[[L'Equipe]]'s Best Club Coach: 2020<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2020/08/04/5f293fcaca474163568b4637.html|title= Zidane named the best club coach in the world|publisher= MARCA |date=4 August 2020}}</ref> *[[FourFourTwo]]'s 36th Greatest Manager of All Time: 2020<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/best-greatest-football-managers-ever-all-time|title =The 100 greatest football managers of all time|publisher= FourFourTwo|date= 26 May 2020}}</ref> * [[Globe Soccer Awards#2020|Globe Soccer Awards]] Coach of the Century 2001–2020 (Runners-up)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/guardiola-coach-century-man-city-19526691 |title=Man City boss Pep Guardiola named Coach of the Century|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=27 December 2020}}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics|IFFHS]]'s 38th All Time World's Best Coach: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/974|title=IFFHS ALL TIME RANKING OF THE WORLD'S BEST COACH (1996-2020)|publisher=IFFHS|date=25 February 2021| access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref> ===Orders=== *[[Knight of the Legion of Honour]]: 1998<ref>{{cite journal |date=25 July 1998 |title=Décret du 24 juillet 1998 portant nomination à titre exceptionnel |trans-title=Decree of 24 July 1998 appointing on an exceptional basis |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000374701 |journal=Official Journal of the French Republic |volume=1998 |issue=170 |id=PREX9801916D |access-date=2 January 2021 |language=fr}}</ref> *[[National Order of Merit (Algeria)|National Order of Merit]]: 2006<ref>{{cite journal |date=11 December 2006 |title=Décret présidentiel n° 06–445 |url=https://www.joradp.dz/jo2000/2006/080/FP5.pdf |trans-title=Presidential Decree No. 06–445 |journal=Official Journal of the Algerian Republic |volume=80 |access-date=15 January 2019 |language=fr}}</ref> *[[Officer of the Legion of Honour]]: 2008<ref>{{cite journal |date=1 January 2009 |title=Décret du 31 décembre 2008 portant promotion et nomination |trans-title=Decree of 31 December 2008 on promotion and appointment |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000020020329 |journal=Official Journal of the French Republic |volume=2009 |issue=1 |id=PREX0828237D |access-date=2 January 2021 |language=fr}}</ref> ===Records=== ====As a player==== * [[List of most expensive association football transfers|The most expensive footballer in history]]: 2001–2009<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.overlyzer.com/en/football/a-true-galactico-a-look-at-zinedine-zidanes-transfer-from-juventus-to-real-madrid/ |title=A true Galactico: A look at Zinedine Zidane's transfer from Juventus to Real Madrid |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=Overlyzer |archive-date=11 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311144102/https://www.overlyzer.com/en/football/a-true-galactico-a-look-at-zinedine-zidanes-transfer-from-juventus-to-real-madrid/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup records#Goalscoring|Most FIFA World Cup Final matches scored in]]: 2 matches (shared with [[Pelé]], [[Vavá]], [[Paul Breitner]] and [[Kylian Mbappé]])<ref name="WC records">{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/world-cup-records-most-trophies-top-goalscorers-penalty-shootout-/1b0mdjhxj85wr1odw2t5c7lf0m |title=World Cup records – Most trophies, top goalscorers, penalty shootout form & amazing statistics |access-date=17 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> * [[FIFA World Cup records#Discipline|Most red cards received in FIFA World Cup matches]]: 2 (shared with [[Rigobert Song]])<ref name="WC records" /> * Midfielder with the [[European Sports Media#By player|most appearances in the ESM Team of the Season]]<ref>4 appearances between 1997–98 and 2003–04.</ref> * One of the two players in history to be named player of the year in [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|3 of the Top 5 Leagues]]: [[Trophées UNFP du football|Division 1 Player of the Year]] (1996), [[Serie A Footballer of the Year]] (2001), [[Don Balón Award]] (2002)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/top-4-records-set-by-zinedine-zidane/2 |title=Top 4 records set by Zinedine Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Sportskeeda|date=28 March 2018 }}</ref> * Only player in history to win the [[1998 FIFA World Cup|World Cup]] and the [[UEFA Euro 2000|European Championship]] while being named best player of both competitions<ref>[[UEFA European Championship awards#Player of the Tournament|Best player of the Euro 2000]] and [[FIFA World Cup awards#Golden Ball|Golden Ball award at the 2006 World Cup]].</ref> * Most [[Onze d'Or#Wins by player|Onze d'Or]] awards: 7 in total (shared with [[Cristiano Ronaldo]])<ref>3 Onzes d'Or, 3 Onzes d'Argent and 1 Onze de Bronze.</ref> * Most [[FIFA World Player of the Year#Wins by player|FIFA World Player of the Year]] awards: 6 in total<ref>3 FIFA World Player of the Year awards, 1 FIFA World Player of the Year Silver award and 2 FIFA World Player of the Year Bronze awards.</ref> ====As a manager==== * [[Football records in Spain#Wins|Best winning streak in the history of La Liga]]: 16 games (shared with [[Pep Guardiola]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/story/zinedine-zidane-leads-real-madrid-to-club-record-16th-straight-la-liga-win-091916 |title=Zinedine Zidane leads Real Madrid to club record 16th straight La Liga win |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> * [[Football records in Spain#Wins|Most consecutive away wins in the history of La Liga]]: 13 games<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20171014/432068583364/zidane-supera-a-guardiola-con-13-victorias-seguidas-fuera.html |title=Zidane supera a Guardiola con 13 victorias de Liga seguidas fuera |access-date=18 May 2018 |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona}}</ref> * Manager with the lowest number of defeats after 100 games ([[La Liga|in Spanish football]]): 8 losses<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defensacentral.com/real_madrid/1508087906-la-razon-que-demuestra-que-zidane-es-unico |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018100853/http://www.defensacentral.com/real_madrid/1508087906-la-razon-que-demuestra-que-zidane-es-unico |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 October 2017 |title=La razón que demuestra que Zidane es único |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=defensacentral.com}}</ref> * Manager with most trophies after 100 games ([[La Liga|in Spanish football]]): 7 titles<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/10/12/primera/1507807822_605038.html |title=Zidane: centenario de oro |access-date=18 May 2018 |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid}}</ref> * [[List of Real Madrid CF records and statistics#Streaks|Longest unbeaten run in Real Madrid history]]: 40 games<ref name="40G Rec">{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/01/40-matches-unbeaten-a-spanish-footballing-record |title=40 matches unbeaten, a Spanish footballing record |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> * Longest unbeaten run [[La Liga|in Spanish football]]: 40 games<ref name="40G Rec" /> * First French manager, except the French-Argentinian [[Helenio Herrera]], to win UEFA Champions League: 2015–16<ref>{{cite web |url=https://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/first-french-manager-to-win-the-champions-league-zinedine-zidane/ |title=First French manager to win the Champions League- Zinedine Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=frenchfootballdaily.com}}</ref> * [[List of Real Madrid CF records and statistics#Streaks|Longest scoring run (all major competitions) in European football]]: 73 games<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/zinedine-zidane-real-madrid-equal-pele-santos-1463854 |title=Zidane's Real equal Pele's Santos |access-date=18 May 2018 |newspaper=The Daily Star |location=Bangladesh}}</ref> * Only manager in history to win two consecutive UEFA Champions League trophies in its modern format: 2015–16, 2016–17<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/12/zidane-8-titles-in-2-years |title=Zidane: Eight titles in less than two years |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> *Only manager to win three consecutive [[European Cup]]/UEFA Champions League finals: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2558348.html |title=Zidane reaches more milestones in Kyiv |access-date=27 May 2018 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * Only manager in Real Madrid history to win four trophies in one season<ref name="Goal Rec">{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/es-ar/noticias/los-records-de-zinedine-zidane-en-sus-primeros-100-partidos/1t4j6qca0icj91b6c2vtthbxxi |title=Los récords de Zinedine Zidane en sus primeros 100 partidos en el Real Madrid |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> * Only manager in Real Madrid history to win the UEFA Super Cup twice<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2017/08/zidane-the-first-whites-coach-to-win-the-uefa-super-cup-twice |title=Zidane, the first Whites coach to win the UEFA Super Cup twice |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> * First manager to win two consecutive UEFA Super Cup titles since [[Arrigo Sacchi]]<ref name="Goal Rec" /> * Quickest manager in the history of the [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|Top 5 Leagues]] to win 7 titles with a single club: 19 months<ref name="ZZ Rec">{{cite news |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/photos/back-day-6-managers-were-151258986/p-ballon-dor-winner-prime-photo-152019574.html |title=6 Managers Who Were World Class Players in Their Prime |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=Yahoo Sports}}</ref> * Quickest manager in the history of the [[UEFA coefficient#Current ranking|Top 5 Leagues]] to win 8 titles with a single club: 23 months<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/top-4-records-set-by-zinedine-zidane/3 |title=Top 4 records set by Zinedine Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Sportskeeda|date=28 March 2018 }}</ref> * Quickest manager in history to be named [[The Best FIFA Football Coach|FIFA Football Coach of the Year]]: 653 days<ref name="ZZ Rec" /> * Most [[The Best FIFA Football Coach]] awards: 3 in total<ref>1 The Best FIFA Football Coach award and 2 The Best FIFA Football Coach Silver awards.</ref> * Only person in history to win the [[Onze d'Or]] award [[Onze d'Or#Winners|as a player]] and [[Onze d'Or#Coach of the Year|as a manager]]<ref>3 Onze d'Or awards as a player (1998, 2000, 2001) and 1 Onze d'Or award as a manager (2017).</ref> * Only person in history to win [[FIFA World Player of the Year#Wins by player|FIFA's Player of the Year award]] and [[The Best FIFA Football Coach|Coach of the Year award]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/es-co/noticias/zidane-primero-en-ganar-el-premio-fifa-a-mejor-jugador-y/1e6lv6q3q5g1s13dhcjmtphr9a |title=Zidane, primero en ganar el premio FIFA a Mejor Jugador y Mejor Entrenador |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> * Only person in history to win the [[IFFHS]] award [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#The World's Best Playmaker|as the best playmaker]] and [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach#List of winners|as a manager]]<ref name="IFFHS Rec">{{cite web |url=https://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane/ |title=THE WORLD'S BEST CLUB COACH 2017 : THE CROWN OF ZIDANE |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=IFFHS |archive-date=18 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160520/https://iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-club-coach-2017-the-crown-of-zidane/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Only person in history to win the FIFA Club World Cup trophy successively as a manager<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/16/real-madrid-retains-club-world-cup-after-cristiano-ronaldo-scores-the-winner-from-free-kick/ |title=Real Madrid First Team To Retain Club World Cup |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518131919/https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbymcmahon/2017/12/16/real-madrid-retains-club-world-cup-after-cristiano-ronaldo-scores-the-winner-from-free-kick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Only manager in Real Madrid history to win five trophies in a calendar year<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/real-madrid-win-five-trophies-in-a-calendar-year-for-first-time |title=Real Madrid win five trophies in a calendar year for first time |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Sportskeeda|date=17 December 2017 }}</ref> * Only person in history to win the FIFA Club World Cup/Intercontinental Cup twice as a player and twice as a manager<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fr.besoccer.com/info/nouveau-record-historique-pour-zidane-348736 |title=Nouveau record historique pour Zidane |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Besoccer.com |archive-date=5 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805021624/https://fr.besoccer.com/info/nouveau-record-historique-pour-zidane-348736 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Only person in history to be named [[French Player of the Year]] twice and [[French Player of the Year#Manager of the Year|French Manager of the Year]] twice<ref>2 French Player of the Year awards (1998, 2002) and 2 French Manager of the Year awards (2016, 2017)</ref> * Highest score for a manager winning the [[IFFHS World's Best Club Coach]] award: 326 points<ref name="IFFHS Rec" /> * First manager to reach three consecutive UEFA Champions League finals since [[Marcello Lippi]]: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-au/news/real-madrids-history-march-goes-on-as-they-match-juventus/6kporf8hwn9pzs506zii0j1q |title=Real Madrid's history march goes on as they match Juventus and pursue Bayern |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Sports links}} *{{FIFA player}} *{{UEFA player}} {{UEFA Club Footballer of the Year}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 1996}} {{France Squad 1998 World Cup}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 2000}} {{France Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{France squad UEFA Euro 2004}} {{France Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zidane, Zinedine}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1998 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2002 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Footballers from Marseille]] [[Category:Real Madrid Castilla managers]] [[Category:Real Madrid CF managers]] [[Category:Ballon d'Or winners]] [[Category:France at UEFA Euro 1996]] [[Category:France at the 1998 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:France at UEFA Euro 2000]] [[Category:France at the 2002 FIFA World Cup]] [[Category:France at UEFA Euro 2004]] [[Category:France at the 2006 FIFA World Cup]] 4l7vlngkot0o9xyo4j3njcnpha9xiaf 0 43338 10882440 10833069 2026-06-09T16:20:42Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882440 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Transistors.agr.jpg|thumb|A few types of individually packaged transistors]] A '''transistor''' is an [[electronic component]] that can be used as part of an [[amplifier]], or as a [[switch]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/trans.html |title= The Junction Transistor |date=1999 |access-date= 2012-05-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Transistors - Electronic Components|url=https://chipapex-limited.com/|access-date=2026-04-25|website=ChipApex Limited|language=en-US|archive-date=2026-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429084645/https://chipapex-limited.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is made of a [[semiconductor]] material. Transistors are found in most [[electronics|electronic devices]]. The transistor was a major advancement after the [[triode]] tube, with using much less electricity, and lasting many years longer, to switch or amplify another electronic current. The transistor can be used for a variety of different things including amplifiers and digital switches for computer [[microprocessor]]s. Digital work mostly uses [[MOSFET]]s. Some transistors are individually packaged, mainly in order to handle high power. Most transistors are inside [[integrated circuit]]s. == How they work == [[File:Transistor basic flow.svg|thumb|When the center pin is powered, the power can flow.]] Transistors have three terminals: the gate, the drain, and the source <ref>{{cite web |url=http://mysite.du.edu/~etuttle/electron/elect2.htm |title=transisting |author= Calavert, J.B. |date=4 May 2002 |access-date=7 May 2012}}</ref> (on a bipolar transistor, the wires can be called the emitter, the collector, and the base). When the source (or emitter) is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the drain (or collector) to the positive terminal, no electricity will flow in the circuit (if you have only a lamp in [[series circuit|series]] with the transistor). But when power flows through the gate (or base), the transistor will allow electricity through. This is because when the gate is positively charged, the positive electrons will push other positive electrons in the transistor letting the [[electron flow|negative]] electrons flow through. The transistor can also work when the gate is just positively charged, so it doesn't need to be touching the drain. === Visualization === An easy way to think of how a transistor works is as a hose with a sharp bend that stops the water from going through. The water is the electrons, and when you positively charge the gate, it unbends the hose, letting water flow. [[File:Darlington.svg|thumb|The circuit symbol of a Darlington transistor. The "B" stands for base, the "C" stands for collector, and the "E" stands for emitter.]] The basic [[Darlington transistor]] circuit is formed from two bipolar transistors wired emitter to base so they act as one transistor. One of the transistors is connected so that it controls the current to the base of the other transistor. This means that you can control the same amount of current with a very small amount of current going into the base. == Uses == When the gate of a P-channel [[MOSFET]] is positively charged, electricity will flow through, this is useful for electronics that require a switch to be turned on, making it an electronic switch. This rivals the mechanical switch, which requires a constant force pressing on it.<ref name="Bipolar Transistors">{{cite web |url=http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/06/adem/engin/e72/lab3/ |title=Bipolar Transistors |date=23 October 2010 |access-date=8 May 2012 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521180354/http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/06/adem/engin/e72/lab3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a [[MOSFET]] used as an amplifier, transistors take the flow of the drain and source, and since the source current is so much larger than the drain's current, it is common for the drain's current to rise to the value of the sources, amplifying it.<ref name="Bipolar Transistors"/> ==Materials== Transistors are made of [[semiconductor]] chemical elements, usually [[silicon]], which belongs to the modern Group 14 (formerly Group IV) in the [[periodic table]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thalia.spec.gmu.edu/~pparis/classes/notes_101/node99.html|title=What are transistors made of?|date=1998-12-14|access-date=2012-06-04|archive-date=2012-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502042957/http://thalia.spec.gmu.edu/~pparis/classes/notes_101/node99.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> of elements. [[Germanium]], another group-14 element, is used together with silicon in specialized transistors. Researchers are also studying transistors made from special forms of [[carbon]].<ref>{{cite thesis |url=http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/62651 |title=Fabrication and electrical characterization of transistors made from carbon nanotubes and graphene|author= Nezich, Daniel Andrew |date=2010 |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |hdl=1721.1/62651 |access-date=20 May 2012|type=Thesis }}</ref> Transistors can be also made from compounds like [[gallium arsenide]]. ==History== The transistor was not the first three terminal device. The [[triode]] served the same purpose of the transistor 50 years earlier. [[Vacuum tube]]s were important in household technology before transistors. Unfortunately, tubes were big and fragile, used a lot of power, and didn't last very long. The transistor solved these problems.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/transistor/history |title=The Transistor-History |author= Proffessor David B. Haviland |date= 19 December 2002 |access-date=2012-07-05}}</ref> Three physicists were credited with the invention of the transistor in 1947: [[Walter H. Brattain]], [[John Bardeen]], and [[William Shockley]] who contributed the most.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/transist.htm |title= History of the Transistor |access-date= 2012-08-05 |archive-date= 2012-08-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120818073837/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/transist.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Importance== The transistor is a very important component today.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cs.bu.edu/~best/courses/modules/Transistors2Gates/ |title= From transistor to gates! |author=Bestavros, Azer |date=1995 |access-date=8 May 2012}}</ref> If not for the transistor, devices such as [[phone|cell phones]] and [[computers]] would be very different, or they might have not been invented at all. Transistors have been made very small (dozens of atoms wide) so that billions of them can be put into a small computer chip. ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Periodic table.svg|Periodic Table of Elements File:Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg|A replica of the first transistor File:Bardeen Shockley Brattain 1948.JPG|The inventors of the transistor </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.audiouk.com/info/transistor.htm ''AudioUK's Milestones''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107062413/http://www.audiouk.com/info/transistor.htm |date=2007-01-07 }}. Photograph of first working transistor * [http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/1997/Dec/hour1_121297.html ''50 Years of the Transistor''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714010051/http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/1997/Dec/hour1_121297.html |date=2007-07-14 }}. From [[Science Friday]], December 12, 1997 * [http://users.arczip.com/rmcgarra2/index.html ''Bob's Virtual Transistor Museum & History''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121085317/http://users.arczip.com/rmcgarra2/index.html |date=2008-01-21 }}. Treasure trove of transistor history * [http://amasci.com/amateur/transis.html How transistors work] * [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Transistor Transistor] - [[Citizendium]] {{Electronic components}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Electronic components]] lnufvjce8kqvzhxbqajqlwngch9ypa0 0 44131 10882368 10878436 2026-06-09T14:40:15Z ~2026-34081-34 1819106 /* */ 10882368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = Marilyn Monroe | image = Monroecirca1953.jpg | caption = Monroe in 1953（ハリウッド俳優監修の芸能人悦次郎中谷はかせ） | birth_date = {{birth date|1926|06|01|md=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles, California]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1962|08|04|1926|06|01|md=y}} | death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | death_cause = Barbiturate overdose | nationality = [[United States|American]] | occupation = Writer, Filmmaker, actress | birthname = Norma Jeane Mortenson <!--Please do not change; this is the spelling on her birth certificate--> | othername = Norma Jeane Baker | known = ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' (1953) and ''The Seven-Year Itch'' (1955) | yearsactive = 1945–1962 }} '''Marilyn Monroe '''(born '''Norma Jeane Mortenson'''; June 1, 1926– August 4, 1962) was an [[Americans|American]] [[Actor|actress]], [[movie|writer]], [[Model (person)|model]], [[singer]] and [[Movie|filmmaker]]. Famous for playing comic "[[blonde bombshell]]" characters, she became one of the most popular [[sex symbol]]s of the 1950s.<ref name="filmreference.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/18/Marilyn-Monroe.html|title=Marilyn Monroe Biography (1926-1962)|website=www.filmreference.com}}</ref> Between 1946 and 1962, she made 44 movies. Although she was a [[top-billed]] actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. == Early life == [[File:Monroe as an infant.png|thumb|Monroe as a baby]] Norma Jeane Mortenson was born on June 1, 1926 at LAC+USC Medical Center in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]].<ref name=":2" /> Her father was not known until 2022, when DNA testing revealed he was Charles Stanley Gifford, whom her mother had had an affair with.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=2022-04-04|title=Marilyn Monroe’s Biological Father Revealed in Documentary ‘Marilyn, Her Final Secret’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/marilyn-monroe-documentary-charles-stanley-gifford-mediawan-1235222789/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Her mother, Gladys (Monroe) Baker Mortenson, was [[Mental illness|mentally unstable]] and unable to care for her daughter, so when Norma Jeane was about two weeks old, she was sent to live with Ida and Albert Bolender, a devout [[Christian]] couple who raised her alongside their adopted son Lester.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-29|title=Marilyn Monroe's Early Life|url=https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-early-life.htm|access-date=2026-01-04|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en-us}}</ref> The Bolenders wanted to legally adopt Norma Jeane, but Gladys refused.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2023-04-03|title=Marilyn Monroe’s Sadness Was Deeper Than Anyone Knew (And Owed to Her Mother) —Here’s the Story of Their Relationship|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/hollywood-glamour-marilyn-monroe-norma-135558735.html|access-date=2026-01-04|website=Yahoo Life|language=en-US}}</ref> Gladys often visited, but Norma Jeane never knew she was her mother. On one occasion, Gladys tried to smuggle her out of the house in a duffel bag, only to be stopped by Ida.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-09|title=How Marilyn Monroe’s Childhood Was Disrupted by Her Mother’s Paranoid Schizophrenia|url=https://www.biography.com/actors/marilyn-monroe-mother-relationship|access-date=2026-01-04|website=Biography|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1933, Gladys was deemed stable enough to care for Norma Jeane herself. However, after several personal and financial troubles, Gladys had a [[mental breakdown]] in front of Norma Jeane, who was forced to watch her flailing and screaming on the floor until the police arrived. Gladys was hospitalized after being diagnosed with [[paranoid schizophrenia]], a severe mental condition.<ref name=":4" /> After this, Norma Jeane went to live with her mother’s friend, Grace McKee Goddard, and her husband, Erwin “Doc” Goddard. In 1935, Grace sent her to live in the Los Angeles Orphans’ Home Society, though she took her back later. As an adult, Norma Jeane would claim that Doc [[Sexual abuse|sexually abused]] her, or at least tried to.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Creation of Marilyn Monroe|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/marilyn-monroe-childhood_b_1721663#:~:text=Marilyn%20told%20photographer%20George%20Barris,when%20he%20came%20home%20drunk.|access-date=2026-01-04|website=HuffPost}}</ref> She was sent to live with Olive Monroe, Gladys’s aunt,<ref name=":3" /> then around 1939, she went to live with Grace’s aunt, Ana Lower, whom Norma Jeane called “Aunt Ana.” Living with her was a stable environment for Norma Jeane, who was finally loved unconditionally.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oliveira|first=Diana|date=2023-12-01|title=Marilyn Monroe: Life Story of a Hollywood Sex Symbol|url=https://www.thecollector.com/marilyn-monroe-life-story/|access-date=2026-01-04|website=TheCollector|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Monroe and James Dougherty.jpg|thumb|Monroe with first husband James Dougherty around 1943]] After Norma Jeane's sixteenth birthday, her foster parents had to move from California. To avoid an orphanage or a new foster home, Norma chose to get married. On June 19, 1942, Norma married James Dougherty, her next-door-neighbor.<ref name=":3" /> The marriage was strained when he joined the U.S. Merchant Marines during [[World War II]]. Norma Jeane began modeling after being spotted by a photographer while working at the [[Radioplane Company]]. Dougherty and his family disapproved of her ambitions. When Monroe wanted to become an actress, the [[contract]] stated that she needed to be unmarried, so she divorced him in 1946. She offered to continue the relationship unmarried, but he refused.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-husband: I knew her as Norma Jean - UPI Archives|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/07/08/Ex-husband-I-knew-her-as-Norma-Jean/2425458107200/|access-date=2026-01-04|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref> == Movies == [[File:Marilyn Monroe 1947.jpg|thumb|Monroe at the beginning of her career in 1947]] To enhance her image, she [[Hair coloring|dyed]] her naturally brown hair blonde and changed her name from Norma Jeane Dougherty to Marilyn Monroe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Clancy|first=Maggie|date=2024-06-01|title=How Model Norma Jeane Transformed Into Marilyn Monroe, the Hollywood Icon: From Hair Care Ads to Box Office Bombshell|url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/feature/marilyn-monroe-modeling-career-1236410948/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=WWD|language=en-US}}</ref> Monroe began her career with small, supporting parts in movies and as a [[Pin-up girl|pin-up model]]. She gained more attention with roles in [[All About Eve|''All About Eve'']] and [[The Asphalt Jungle|''The Asphalt Jungle'']], which both came out in the early 1950s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Chad|date=2019-10-25|title=Marilyn Monroe|url=https://walkoffame.com/marilyn-monroe/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Hollywood Walk of Fame|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1949, she posed nude for photographers. At first, she hid this from the public for fear of damaging her image, but when the news got out, people became more interested in her.<ref name=":0" /> She had a more dramatic role in 1952’s [[Don't Bother to Knock|''Don't Bother to Knock'']]. Critics liked her performance in this film.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Variety|date=1952-01-01|title=Don’t Bother to Knock|url=https://variety.com/1951/film/reviews/don-t-bother-to-knock-1200417267/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> She became very famous in 1953 when she had lead roles in the movies [[Niagara (1953 film)|''Niagara'']], [[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'']], and [[How to Marry a Millionaire|''How to Marry a Millionaire'']].<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch.jpg|thumb|Monroe filming the skirt-blowing scene in ''The Seven Year Itch'' (1955)]] In 1954, she acted in two films: [[River of No Return|''River of No Return'']] and [[There’s No Business Like Show Business|''There’s No Business Like Show Business'']].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grinwald|first=Adam|date=2023-05-08|title=This Marilyn Monroe Movie Is Her Only True Western|url=https://collider.com/marilyn-monroe-western-river-of-no-return/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-29|title=Marilyn Monroe's Later Career|url=https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-later-career.htm|access-date=2026-01-03|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en-us}}</ref> At the end of the year, she established her own [[production company]], Marilyn Monroe Productions. This was a very new and radical thing for a woman to do at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Marilyn Monroe founded her own production company|url=https://ew.com/movies/how-marilyn-monroe-founded-her-own-production-company/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=EW.com|language=en}}</ref> In 1955 she acted in [[The Seven Year Itch|''The Seven Year Itch'']]. For this movie, she filmed a very controversial scene which showed her standing on a subway grate while the wind from the subway blows up her dress, showing her underwear.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tobias|first=Scott|date=2025-06-04|title=The Seven Year Itch at 70: a comedy about infidelity ruined by the Hays code|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/jun/04/the-seven-year-itch-marilyn-monroe|access-date=2026-01-03|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Her performance in this movie earned her a nomination for the [[BAFTA Awards|BAFTA Award]] for Best Foreign Actress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awards Search|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/search/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Bafta|language=en}}</ref> The next year, she received more praise for her role in [[Bus Stop (movie)|''Bus Stop'']], earning a nomination for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress — Musical or Comedy]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1957, she acted in [[The Prince and the Showgirl|''The Prince and the Showgirl'']] alongside [[Laurence Olivier]]. The film was not a very big success and she and Olivier did not get along well.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-29|title='The Prince and the Showgirl': 7 Secrets from the Underrated Marilyn Monroe Movie|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/prince-showgirl-7-secrets-underrated-104418421.html|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Yahoo Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-08-12|title=Not quite so luvvy-able… Why Sir Laurence Olivier loathed his|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/not-quite-so-luvvyable-why-sir-laurence-olivier-loathed-his-costars-8756417.html|access-date=2026-01-03|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 1959, she acted in [[Some Like It Hot|''Some Like It Hot'']], in which she played a band singer named Sugar Kane Kowalczyk. Her performance in this film is widely considered to be one of, if not the best performance she has ever done. While Sugar Kane was written to be sultry and a [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] “[[dumb blonde]]”, Monroe brought depth to the role by putting humor and sadness behind it. On set, she arrived late a lot of the time and fought with the director [[Billy Wilder]] about how she was going to play Sugar Kane. [[Tony Curtis]], who played her love interest, said that kissing her was like “kissing [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]].”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=2021-06-01|title=Marilyn Monroe’s ‘Some Like It Hot’ Was a Troubled Production That Produced a Classic Movie|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/marilyn-monroe-some-like-it-hot-troubled-production-movie-classic-1234984318/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> She was nominated again for the Golden Globe, but this time she won.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Marilyn Monroe|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/marilyn-monroe/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Golden Globes|language=en-US}}</ref> Many expected her to be nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her performance, but she was not, even though the movie received 6 other nominations. Today, the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|Academy]]’s refusal to nominate her is considered one of the biggest [[Academy Award|Oscar]] snubs of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|date=2022-11-14|title=How Marilyn Monroe Was Misunderstood Then and Now|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/marilyn-monroe-misunderstood-academy-blonde-1235260255/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Photo Director Billy Wilder and actress Marilyn Monroe during the filming of the 1959 movie Some Like It Hot 1959 - Touring Club Italiano 04 0906.jpg|thumb|Monroe on the set of ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' with [[Billy Wilder]] in 1959]] In 1960, she acted in [[Let's Make Love|''Let’s Make Love'']], which did not do very well.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reiher|first=Andrea|date=2025-11-16|title=Marilyn Monroe Like You’ve Rarely Seen Her — Behind the Scenes of the Film She Was Forced Into|language=en|work=Parade|url=https://parade.com/movies/marilyn-monroe-lets-make-love-behind-the-scenes-photos|access-date=2026-01-03}}</ref> Her final film was in 1961’s ''The Misfits''. It failed upon release but had been well-regarded in the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editors|first=HISTORY com|date=2009-11-16|title="The Misfits" opens in theaters {{!}} February 1, 1961|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/february-1/the-misfits-released-by-united-artists|access-date=2026-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> She started filming another movie, ''Something’s Got to Give'', but it was never completed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-16|title=The unfinished final Marilyn Monroe film uncovered decades after her death|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/features/somethings-got-to-give-marilyn-monroe-some-like-it-hot-final-film-footage-dead-movie-a8844316.html|access-date=2026-01-03|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 1962, she sang "[[Happy Birthday, Mr. President|Happy Birthday]]" to [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]]. It turned out to be one of her last appearances. ==Personal life== [[File:Marilyn Monroe Joe DiMaggio January 1954.jpg|thumb|Monroe and DiMaggio in 1954]] ===Marriages=== Monroe married the baseball star [[Joe DiMaggio]] on January 14, 1954. The marriage lasted for nine months. She had met DiMaggio on a blind date, during the filming of the movie ''[[Monkey Business]]'' in 1952. The marriage was closely followed by the public. DiMaggio retired from baseball, and Monroe became very famous. DiMaggio was sad that his career as a baseball star was ending, and was [[jealous]] of Monroe for being admired. He spent most of his time watching television and Monroe found it boring. They separated on October 31, 1954. From 1961, they became friends again. After she died, DiMaggio was very sad and sent roses to her grave every week for 20 years. [[File:Marilyn Monroe & Arthur Miller 1959 crop.jpg|thumb|Monroe and husband Arthur Miller in 1959]] Marilyn married [[Arthur Miller]] on June 29, 1956. To marry him, she converted to [[Judaism]]. She had met him during the filming of ''[[As Young As You Feel]]'' in 1951. She was very happy with him and they tried to have children together. Marilyn had three [[miscarriage]]s, because of her [[endometriosis]]. Miller wrote the [[screenplay]] for the movie ''[[The Misfits (movie)|The Misfits]]''. The filming caused many problems between Marilyn and Arthur and they divorced in 1961. == Death == She died early from an overdose of barbiturates on August 4, 1962 in [[Brentwood, Los Angeles|Brentwood]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]] at 36 years old. == Filmography == * ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' (1947) * ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' (1948) * ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' (1948) * ''[[Love Happy]]'' (1949) * ''[[A Ticket to Tomahawk]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950) * ''[[All About Eve]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Fireball]]'' (1950) * ''[[Right Cross]]'' (1951) * ''[[Home Town Story]]'' (1951) * ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'' (1951) * ''[[Love Nest]]'' (1951) * ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]'' (1951) * ''[[Clash by Night]]'' (1952) * ''[[We're Not Married!]]'' (1952) * ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' (1952) * ''[[Monkey Business (1952 movie)|Monkey Business]]'' (1952) * ''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'' (1952) * ''[[Niagara]]'' (1953) * ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' (1953) * ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' (1953) * ''[[River of No Return]]'' (1954) * ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' (1954) * ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955) * ''[[Bus Stop (movie)|Bus Stop]]'' (1956) * ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957) * ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959) * ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' (1960) * ''[[The Misfits (1961 movie)|The Misfits]]'' (1961) * ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' (1962 - unfinished) == Awards and nominations == [[File:Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch.jpg|thumb|Monroe poses for photographers while filming ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955)]] * 1951 Henrietta Awards: The Best Young Box Office Personality * 1952 [[Photoplay]] Award: Fastest Rising Star of 1952 * 1952 [[Photoplay]] Award: Special Award * 1952 Look American Magazine Achievement Award: Most Promising Female Newcomer of 1952 * 1953 [[Golden Globe]] Henrietta Award: World Film Favorite Female. * 1953 Sweetheart of The Month (Playboy) * 1953 [[Photoplay]] Award: Most Popular Female Star * 1954 [[Photoplay]] Award for Best Actress: for ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' and ''How to Marry a Millionaire'' * 1956 [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for ''The Seven Year Itch'' * 1956 [[Golden Globe]] nomination: Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for ''Bus Stop'' * 1958 [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' * 1958 [[David di Donatello]] Award (Italian): Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' * 1959 Crystal Star Award (French): Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' * 1960 Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for ''Some Like It Hot'' * 1962 Golden Globe, World Film Favorite: Female * Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] 6104 Hollywood Blvd. * 1999 she was ranked as the sixth-greatest female star of all time by the [[American Film Institute]] in their list [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars]]. {{S-start}} {{s-ach}} {{s-bef|before=[[Rosalind Russell]] <br /> for ''[[Auntie Mame]]''}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] <br /> for ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''|years=1960}} {{s-aft|after=[[Shirley MacLaine]] <br /> for ''[[The Apartment]]''}} {{end}} == References == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Sources == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book| last = Banner| first = Lois| title = Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox| url = https://archive.org/details/marilynpassionpa0000bann_b1n1| year = 2012| publisher = Bloomsbury| isbn = 978-1-4088-3133-5}} * {{cite book| last = Churchwell| first = Sarah| title = The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe| url = https://archive.org/details/manylivesofmaril0000chur| year = 2004| publisher = Granta Books| isbn = 978-0-312-42565-4}} * {{cite book| last1 = Rieser| first1 = Klaus| last2 = Fuchs| first2 = Michael| last3 = Phillips| first3 = Michael| editor1-last = Rieser| editor1-first = Klaus| editor2-last = Fuchs| editor2-first = Michael| editor3-last = Phillips| editor3-first = Michael| title = ConFiguring America: Iconic Figures, Visuality, and the American Identity| year = 2013| publisher = Intellect| isbn = 978-1-84150-635-7| chapter = Thirty Are Better Than One: Marilyn Monroe and the Performance of Americanness}} * {{cite journal |last= Handyside |first= Fiona |date= August 2010 |title= Let's Make Love: Whiteness, Cleanliness and Sexuality in the French Reception of Marilyn Monroe |journal= European Journal of Cultural Studies |volume= 3 |issue= 13 |pages= 291–306 |doi= 10.1177/1367549410363198 |url= https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/9547/2/Handyside%20monroe1.pdf |hdl= 10871/9547 |s2cid= 146553108 |issn= 1367-5494 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book| last1 = Harris| first1 = Thomas| editor1-last = Gledhill| editor1-first = Christine| title = Stardom: Industry of Desire| origyear = 1957| year = 1991| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 978-0-415-05217-7| chapter = The Building of Popular Images: Grace Kelly and Marilyn Monroe}} * {{cite book| last = Leaming| first = Barbara| title = Marilyn Monroe| year = 1998| publisher = Three Rivers Press| isbn = 978-0-609-80553-4}} * {{cite book| last = Meyers| first = Jeffrey| title = The Genius and the Goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe| url = https://archive.org/details/geniusgoddessart00meye_0| year = 2010| publisher = University of Illinois Press| isbn = 978-0-252-03544-9}} * {{cite book| last1 = Miracle| first1 = Berniece Baker| last2 = Miracle| first2 = Mona Rae| title = My Sister Marilyn| url = https://archive.org/details/mysistermarilynm00mira| year = 1994| publisher = Algonquin Books| isbn = 978-0-595-27671-4}} * {{cite book |last1= Monroe |first1= Marilyn |editor1-last= Comment |editor1-first= Bernard |title= Fragments: Poems, Intimate Notes, Letters |url= https://archive.org/details/fragmentspoemsin0000monr |year= 2010 |publisher= Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn= 9780374158354 }} * {{cite book |last1= Riese |first1= Randall |last2= Hitchens |first2= Neal |title= The Unabridged Marilyn |url= https://archive.org/details/unabridgedmarily0000ries_f5o8 |publisher= Corgi Books |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-0-552-99308-1 }} * {{cite book| last = Rollyson| first = Carl| title = Marilyn Monroe Day by Day: A Timeline of People, Places and Events| year = 2014| publisher = Rowman and Littlefield| isbn = 978-1-4422-3079-8}} * {{cite book| last = Solomon| first = Matthew| editor-last = Palmer| editor-first = R. Barton| title = Larger Than Life: Movie Stars of the 1950s| url = https://archive.org/details/largerthanlifemo0000rbar| year = 2010| publisher = Rutgers University Press| isbn = 978-0-8135-4766-4| chapter = Reflexivity and Metaperformance: Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield, and Kim Novak}} * {{cite book| last = Spoto| first = Donald| title = Marilyn Monroe: The Biography| url = https://archive.org/details/marilynmonroe00dona| year = 2001| publisher = Cooper Square Press| isbn = 978-0-8154-1183-3}} * {{cite book |last1= Steinem |first1= Gloria |last2= Barris |first2= George |title= Marilyn |year= 1987 |publisher= Victor Gollancz Ltd |isbn= 978-0-575-03945-2 }} * {{cite book| last = Summers| first = Anthony| title = Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe| url = https://archive.org/details/goddesssecretliv0000summ_v9t3| year = 1985| publisher = Victor Gollancz Ltd| isbn = 978-0-575-03641-3}} {{Refend}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Marilyn Monroe}} {{wikiquote|Marilyn Monroe}} * [http://marilynmonroe.com/ The Official Marilyn Monroe Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928070332/http://marilynmonroe.com/ |date=2010-09-28 }} * {{IMDb name|0000054}} * {{tcmdb name|id=134087|name=Marilyn Monroe}} * {{AllMovie name|50065}} * {{Find a Grave|725}} * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/27452/marilyn-monroe-life-and-times/ Gallery: The Life of Marilyn Monroe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619203125/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/27452/marilyn-monroe-life-and-times |date=2010-06-19 }} * [https://motivators.in/marilyn-monroe-quotes/ Marilyn Monroe Quotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219011456/https://motivators.in/marilyn-monroe-quotes/ |date=2021-12-19 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Monroe, Marilyn}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:1962 deaths]] [[Category:Actors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:American autobiographers]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:Converts to Judaism]] [[Category:Drug-related deaths in the United States]] [[Category:Golden Globe Award winning actors]] [[Category:People from Hawthorne, California]] [[Category:Jewish American actors]] [[Category:Jewish American musicians]] [[Category:Jewish American writers]] [[Category:Jewish models]] [[Category:Models from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Singers from Los Angeles]] avvd47p7jkeb7ozg0757mvsj0eto3n0 10882896 10882368 2026-06-10T03:35:05Z Garsh2 1475106 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34081-34|~2026-34081-34]] ([[User talk:~2026-34081-34|talk]]) to last version by Peterdownunder 10878436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = Marilyn Monroe | image = Monroecirca1953.jpg | caption = Monroe in 1953 | birth_date = {{birth date|1926|06|01|md=y}} | birth_place = [[Los Angeles, California]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1962|08|04|1926|06|01|md=y}} | death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. | death_cause = Barbiturate overdose | nationality = [[United States|American]] | occupation = Writer, Filmmaker, actress | birthname = Norma Jeane Mortenson <!--Please do not change; this is the spelling on her birth certificate--> | othername = Norma Jeane Baker | known = ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' (1953) and ''The Seven-Year Itch'' (1955) | yearsactive = 1945–1962 }} '''Marilyn Monroe '''(born '''Norma Jeane Mortenson'''; June 1, 1926– August 4, 1962) was an [[Americans|American]] [[Actor|actress]], [[movie|writer]], [[Model (person)|model]], [[singer]] and [[Movie|filmmaker]]. Famous for playing comic "[[blonde bombshell]]" characters, she became one of the most popular [[sex symbol]]s of the 1950s.<ref name="filmreference.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/18/Marilyn-Monroe.html|title=Marilyn Monroe Biography (1926-1962)|website=www.filmreference.com}}</ref> Between 1946 and 1962, she made 44 movies. Although she was a [[top-billed]] actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. == Early life == [[File:Monroe as an infant.png|thumb|Monroe as a baby]] Norma Jeane Mortenson was born on June 1, 1926 at LAC+USC Medical Center in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]].<ref name=":2" /> Her father was not known until 2022, when DNA testing revealed he was Charles Stanley Gifford, whom her mother had had an affair with.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Keslassy|first=Elsa|date=2022-04-04|title=Marilyn Monroe’s Biological Father Revealed in Documentary ‘Marilyn, Her Final Secret’ (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/marilyn-monroe-documentary-charles-stanley-gifford-mediawan-1235222789/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> Her mother, Gladys (Monroe) Baker Mortenson, was [[Mental illness|mentally unstable]] and unable to care for her daughter, so when Norma Jeane was about two weeks old, she was sent to live with Ida and Albert Bolender, a devout [[Christian]] couple who raised her alongside their adopted son Lester.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-29|title=Marilyn Monroe's Early Life|url=https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-early-life.htm|access-date=2026-01-04|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en-us}}</ref> The Bolenders wanted to legally adopt Norma Jeane, but Gladys refused.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2023-04-03|title=Marilyn Monroe’s Sadness Was Deeper Than Anyone Knew (And Owed to Her Mother) —Here’s the Story of Their Relationship|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/hollywood-glamour-marilyn-monroe-norma-135558735.html|access-date=2026-01-04|website=Yahoo Life|language=en-US}}</ref> Gladys often visited, but Norma Jeane never knew she was her mother. On one occasion, Gladys tried to smuggle her out of the house in a duffel bag, only to be stopped by Ida.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-09|title=How Marilyn Monroe’s Childhood Was Disrupted by Her Mother’s Paranoid Schizophrenia|url=https://www.biography.com/actors/marilyn-monroe-mother-relationship|access-date=2026-01-04|website=Biography|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1933, Gladys was deemed stable enough to care for Norma Jeane herself. However, after several personal and financial troubles, Gladys had a [[mental breakdown]] in front of Norma Jeane, who was forced to watch her flailing and screaming on the floor until the police arrived. Gladys was hospitalized after being diagnosed with [[paranoid schizophrenia]], a severe mental condition.<ref name=":4" /> After this, Norma Jeane went to live with her mother’s friend, Grace McKee Goddard, and her husband, Erwin “Doc” Goddard. In 1935, Grace sent her to live in the Los Angeles Orphans’ Home Society, though she took her back later. As an adult, Norma Jeane would claim that Doc [[Sexual abuse|sexually abused]] her, or at least tried to.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Creation of Marilyn Monroe|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/marilyn-monroe-childhood_b_1721663#:~:text=Marilyn%20told%20photographer%20George%20Barris,when%20he%20came%20home%20drunk.|access-date=2026-01-04|website=HuffPost}}</ref> She was sent to live with Olive Monroe, Gladys’s aunt,<ref name=":3" /> then around 1939, she went to live with Grace’s aunt, Ana Lower, whom Norma Jeane called “Aunt Ana.” Living with her was a stable environment for Norma Jeane, who was finally loved unconditionally.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oliveira|first=Diana|date=2023-12-01|title=Marilyn Monroe: Life Story of a Hollywood Sex Symbol|url=https://www.thecollector.com/marilyn-monroe-life-story/|access-date=2026-01-04|website=TheCollector|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Monroe and James Dougherty.jpg|thumb|Monroe with first husband James Dougherty around 1943]] After Norma Jeane's sixteenth birthday, her foster parents had to move from California. To avoid an orphanage or a new foster home, Norma chose to get married. On June 19, 1942, Norma married James Dougherty, her next-door-neighbor.<ref name=":3" /> The marriage was strained when he joined the U.S. Merchant Marines during [[World War II]]. Norma Jeane began modeling after being spotted by a photographer while working at the [[Radioplane Company]]. Dougherty and his family disapproved of her ambitions. When Monroe wanted to become an actress, the [[contract]] stated that she needed to be unmarried, so she divorced him in 1946. She offered to continue the relationship unmarried, but he refused.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex-husband: I knew her as Norma Jean - UPI Archives|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/07/08/Ex-husband-I-knew-her-as-Norma-Jean/2425458107200/|access-date=2026-01-04|website=UPI|language=en}}</ref> == Movies == [[File:Marilyn Monroe 1947.jpg|thumb|Monroe at the beginning of her career in 1947]] To enhance her image, she [[Hair coloring|dyed]] her naturally brown hair blonde and changed her name from Norma Jeane Dougherty to Marilyn Monroe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Clancy|first=Maggie|date=2024-06-01|title=How Model Norma Jeane Transformed Into Marilyn Monroe, the Hollywood Icon: From Hair Care Ads to Box Office Bombshell|url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/feature/marilyn-monroe-modeling-career-1236410948/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=WWD|language=en-US}}</ref> Monroe began her career with small, supporting parts in movies and as a [[Pin-up girl|pin-up model]]. She gained more attention with roles in [[All About Eve|''All About Eve'']] and [[The Asphalt Jungle|''The Asphalt Jungle'']], which both came out in the early 1950s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Chad|date=2019-10-25|title=Marilyn Monroe|url=https://walkoffame.com/marilyn-monroe/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Hollywood Walk of Fame|language=en-US}}</ref> In 1949, she posed nude for photographers. At first, she hid this from the public for fear of damaging her image, but when the news got out, people became more interested in her.<ref name=":0" /> She had a more dramatic role in 1952’s [[Don't Bother to Knock|''Don't Bother to Knock'']]. Critics liked her performance in this film.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Variety|date=1952-01-01|title=Don’t Bother to Knock|url=https://variety.com/1951/film/reviews/don-t-bother-to-knock-1200417267/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> She became very famous in 1953 when she had lead roles in the movies [[Niagara (1953 film)|''Niagara'']], [[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'']], and [[How to Marry a Millionaire|''How to Marry a Millionaire'']].<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch.jpg|thumb|Monroe filming the skirt-blowing scene in ''The Seven Year Itch'' (1955)]] In 1954, she acted in two films: [[River of No Return|''River of No Return'']] and [[There’s No Business Like Show Business|''There’s No Business Like Show Business'']].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grinwald|first=Adam|date=2023-05-08|title=This Marilyn Monroe Movie Is Her Only True Western|url=https://collider.com/marilyn-monroe-western-river-of-no-return/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Collider|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-08-29|title=Marilyn Monroe's Later Career|url=https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/marilyn-monroe-later-career.htm|access-date=2026-01-03|website=HowStuffWorks|language=en-us}}</ref> At the end of the year, she established her own [[production company]], Marilyn Monroe Productions. This was a very new and radical thing for a woman to do at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Marilyn Monroe founded her own production company|url=https://ew.com/movies/how-marilyn-monroe-founded-her-own-production-company/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=EW.com|language=en}}</ref> In 1955 she acted in [[The Seven Year Itch|''The Seven Year Itch'']]. For this movie, she filmed a very controversial scene which showed her standing on a subway grate while the wind from the subway blows up her dress, showing her underwear.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tobias|first=Scott|date=2025-06-04|title=The Seven Year Itch at 70: a comedy about infidelity ruined by the Hays code|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2025/jun/04/the-seven-year-itch-marilyn-monroe|access-date=2026-01-03|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Her performance in this movie earned her a nomination for the [[BAFTA Awards|BAFTA Award]] for Best Foreign Actress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awards Search|url=https://www.bafta.org/awards/search/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Bafta|language=en}}</ref> The next year, she received more praise for her role in [[Bus Stop (movie)|''Bus Stop'']], earning a nomination for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress — Musical or Comedy]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1957, she acted in [[The Prince and the Showgirl|''The Prince and the Showgirl'']] alongside [[Laurence Olivier]]. The film was not a very big success and she and Olivier did not get along well.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-29|title='The Prince and the Showgirl': 7 Secrets from the Underrated Marilyn Monroe Movie|url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/prince-showgirl-7-secrets-underrated-104418421.html|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Yahoo Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-08-12|title=Not quite so luvvy-able… Why Sir Laurence Olivier loathed his|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/not-quite-so-luvvyable-why-sir-laurence-olivier-loathed-his-costars-8756417.html|access-date=2026-01-03|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 1959, she acted in [[Some Like It Hot|''Some Like It Hot'']], in which she played a band singer named Sugar Kane Kowalczyk. Her performance in this film is widely considered to be one of, if not the best performance she has ever done. While Sugar Kane was written to be sultry and a [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] “[[dumb blonde]]”, Monroe brought depth to the role by putting humor and sadness behind it. On set, she arrived late a lot of the time and fought with the director [[Billy Wilder]] about how she was going to play Sugar Kane. [[Tony Curtis]], who played her love interest, said that kissing her was like “kissing [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]].”<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lang|first=Brent|date=2021-06-01|title=Marilyn Monroe’s ‘Some Like It Hot’ Was a Troubled Production That Produced a Classic Movie|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/marilyn-monroe-some-like-it-hot-troubled-production-movie-classic-1234984318/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref> She was nominated again for the Golden Globe, but this time she won.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Marilyn Monroe|url=https://goldenglobes.com/person/marilyn-monroe/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=Golden Globes|language=en-US}}</ref> Many expected her to be nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her performance, but she was not, even though the movie received 6 other nominations. Today, the [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|Academy]]’s refusal to nominate her is considered one of the biggest [[Academy Award|Oscar]] snubs of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kilday|first=Gregg|date=2022-11-14|title=How Marilyn Monroe Was Misunderstood Then and Now|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/marilyn-monroe-misunderstood-academy-blonde-1235260255/|access-date=2026-01-03|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Photo Director Billy Wilder and actress Marilyn Monroe during the filming of the 1959 movie Some Like It Hot 1959 - Touring Club Italiano 04 0906.jpg|thumb|Monroe on the set of ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' with [[Billy Wilder]] in 1959]] In 1960, she acted in [[Let's Make Love|''Let’s Make Love'']], which did not do very well.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reiher|first=Andrea|date=2025-11-16|title=Marilyn Monroe Like You’ve Rarely Seen Her — Behind the Scenes of the Film She Was Forced Into|language=en|work=Parade|url=https://parade.com/movies/marilyn-monroe-lets-make-love-behind-the-scenes-photos|access-date=2026-01-03}}</ref> Her final film was in 1961’s ''The Misfits''. It failed upon release but had been well-regarded in the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editors|first=HISTORY com|date=2009-11-16|title="The Misfits" opens in theaters {{!}} February 1, 1961|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/february-1/the-misfits-released-by-united-artists|access-date=2026-01-03|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> She started filming another movie, ''Something’s Got to Give'', but it was never completed.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-16|title=The unfinished final Marilyn Monroe film uncovered decades after her death|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/films/features/somethings-got-to-give-marilyn-monroe-some-like-it-hot-final-film-footage-dead-movie-a8844316.html|access-date=2026-01-03|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> In 1962, she sang "[[Happy Birthday, Mr. President|Happy Birthday]]" to [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]]. It turned out to be one of her last appearances. ==Personal life== [[File:Marilyn Monroe Joe DiMaggio January 1954.jpg|thumb|Monroe and DiMaggio in 1954]] ===Marriages=== Monroe married the baseball star [[Joe DiMaggio]] on January 14, 1954. The marriage lasted for nine months. She had met DiMaggio on a blind date, during the filming of the movie ''[[Monkey Business]]'' in 1952. The marriage was closely followed by the public. DiMaggio retired from baseball, and Monroe became very famous. DiMaggio was sad that his career as a baseball star was ending, and was [[jealous]] of Monroe for being admired. He spent most of his time watching television and Monroe found it boring. They separated on October 31, 1954. From 1961, they became friends again. After she died, DiMaggio was very sad and sent roses to her grave every week for 20 years. [[File:Marilyn Monroe & Arthur Miller 1959 crop.jpg|thumb|Monroe and husband Arthur Miller in 1959]] Marilyn married [[Arthur Miller]] on June 29, 1956. To marry him, she converted to [[Judaism]]. She had met him during the filming of ''[[As Young As You Feel]]'' in 1951. She was very happy with him and they tried to have children together. Marilyn had three [[miscarriage]]s, because of her [[endometriosis]]. Miller wrote the [[screenplay]] for the movie ''[[The Misfits (movie)|The Misfits]]''. The filming caused many problems between Marilyn and Arthur and they divorced in 1961. == Death == She died early from an overdose of barbiturates on August 4, 1962 in [[Brentwood, Los Angeles|Brentwood]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]] at 36 years old. == Filmography == * ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' (1947) * ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' (1948) * ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' (1948) * ''[[Love Happy]]'' (1949) * ''[[A Ticket to Tomahawk]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (1950) * ''[[All About Eve]]'' (1950) * ''[[The Fireball]]'' (1950) * ''[[Right Cross]]'' (1951) * ''[[Home Town Story]]'' (1951) * ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'' (1951) * ''[[Love Nest]]'' (1951) * ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]'' (1951) * ''[[Clash by Night]]'' (1952) * ''[[We're Not Married!]]'' (1952) * ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' (1952) * ''[[Monkey Business (1952 movie)|Monkey Business]]'' (1952) * ''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'' (1952) * ''[[Niagara]]'' (1953) * ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' (1953) * ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' (1953) * ''[[River of No Return]]'' (1954) * ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' (1954) * ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955) * ''[[Bus Stop (movie)|Bus Stop]]'' (1956) * ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' (1957) * ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' (1959) * ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' (1960) * ''[[The Misfits (1961 movie)|The Misfits]]'' (1961) * ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' (1962 - unfinished) == Awards and nominations == [[File:Marilyn Monroe photo pose Seven Year Itch.jpg|thumb|Monroe poses for photographers while filming ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' (1955)]] * 1951 Henrietta Awards: The Best Young Box Office Personality * 1952 [[Photoplay]] Award: Fastest Rising Star of 1952 * 1952 [[Photoplay]] Award: Special Award * 1952 Look American Magazine Achievement Award: Most Promising Female Newcomer of 1952 * 1953 [[Golden Globe]] Henrietta Award: World Film Favorite Female. * 1953 Sweetheart of The Month (Playboy) * 1953 [[Photoplay]] Award: Most Popular Female Star * 1954 [[Photoplay]] Award for Best Actress: for ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' and ''How to Marry a Millionaire'' * 1956 [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for ''The Seven Year Itch'' * 1956 [[Golden Globe]] nomination: Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for ''Bus Stop'' * 1958 [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' * 1958 [[David di Donatello]] Award (Italian): Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' * 1959 Crystal Star Award (French): Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl'' * 1960 Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for ''Some Like It Hot'' * 1962 Golden Globe, World Film Favorite: Female * Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] 6104 Hollywood Blvd. * 1999 she was ranked as the sixth-greatest female star of all time by the [[American Film Institute]] in their list [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars]]. {{S-start}} {{s-ach}} {{s-bef|before=[[Rosalind Russell]] <br /> for ''[[Auntie Mame]]''}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] <br /> for ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''|years=1960}} {{s-aft|after=[[Shirley MacLaine]] <br /> for ''[[The Apartment]]''}} {{end}} == References == {{Reflist}} <references /> == Sources == {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book| last = Banner| first = Lois| title = Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox| url = https://archive.org/details/marilynpassionpa0000bann_b1n1| year = 2012| publisher = Bloomsbury| isbn = 978-1-4088-3133-5}} * {{cite book| last = Churchwell| first = Sarah| title = The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe| url = https://archive.org/details/manylivesofmaril0000chur| year = 2004| publisher = Granta Books| isbn = 978-0-312-42565-4}} * {{cite book| last1 = Rieser| first1 = Klaus| last2 = Fuchs| first2 = Michael| last3 = Phillips| first3 = Michael| editor1-last = Rieser| editor1-first = Klaus| editor2-last = Fuchs| editor2-first = Michael| editor3-last = Phillips| editor3-first = Michael| title = ConFiguring America: Iconic Figures, Visuality, and the American Identity| year = 2013| publisher = Intellect| isbn = 978-1-84150-635-7| chapter = Thirty Are Better Than One: Marilyn Monroe and the Performance of Americanness}} * {{cite journal |last= Handyside |first= Fiona |date= August 2010 |title= Let's Make Love: Whiteness, Cleanliness and Sexuality in the French Reception of Marilyn Monroe |journal= European Journal of Cultural Studies |volume= 3 |issue= 13 |pages= 291–306 |doi= 10.1177/1367549410363198 |url= https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/10871/9547/2/Handyside%20monroe1.pdf |hdl= 10871/9547 |s2cid= 146553108 |issn= 1367-5494 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite book| last1 = Harris| first1 = Thomas| editor1-last = Gledhill| editor1-first = Christine| title = Stardom: Industry of Desire| origyear = 1957| year = 1991| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 978-0-415-05217-7| chapter = The Building of Popular Images: Grace Kelly and Marilyn Monroe}} * {{cite book| last = Leaming| first = Barbara| title = Marilyn Monroe| year = 1998| publisher = Three Rivers Press| isbn = 978-0-609-80553-4}} * {{cite book| last = Meyers| first = Jeffrey| title = The Genius and the Goddess: Arthur Miller and Marilyn Monroe| url = https://archive.org/details/geniusgoddessart00meye_0| year = 2010| publisher = University of Illinois Press| isbn = 978-0-252-03544-9}} * {{cite book| last1 = Miracle| first1 = Berniece Baker| last2 = Miracle| first2 = Mona Rae| title = My Sister Marilyn| url = https://archive.org/details/mysistermarilynm00mira| year = 1994| publisher = Algonquin Books| isbn = 978-0-595-27671-4}} * {{cite book |last1= Monroe |first1= Marilyn |editor1-last= Comment |editor1-first= Bernard |title= Fragments: Poems, Intimate Notes, Letters |url= https://archive.org/details/fragmentspoemsin0000monr |year= 2010 |publisher= Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn= 9780374158354 }} * {{cite book |last1= Riese |first1= Randall |last2= Hitchens |first2= Neal |title= The Unabridged Marilyn |url= https://archive.org/details/unabridgedmarily0000ries_f5o8 |publisher= Corgi Books |year= 1988 |isbn= 978-0-552-99308-1 }} * {{cite book| last = Rollyson| first = Carl| title = Marilyn Monroe Day by Day: A Timeline of People, Places and Events| year = 2014| publisher = Rowman and Littlefield| isbn = 978-1-4422-3079-8}} * {{cite book| last = Solomon| first = Matthew| editor-last = Palmer| editor-first = R. Barton| title = Larger Than Life: Movie Stars of the 1950s| url = https://archive.org/details/largerthanlifemo0000rbar| year = 2010| publisher = Rutgers University Press| isbn = 978-0-8135-4766-4| chapter = Reflexivity and Metaperformance: Marilyn Monroe, Jayne Mansfield, and Kim Novak}} * {{cite book| last = Spoto| first = Donald| title = Marilyn Monroe: The Biography| url = https://archive.org/details/marilynmonroe00dona| year = 2001| publisher = Cooper Square Press| isbn = 978-0-8154-1183-3}} * {{cite book |last1= Steinem |first1= Gloria |last2= Barris |first2= George |title= Marilyn |year= 1987 |publisher= Victor Gollancz Ltd |isbn= 978-0-575-03945-2 }} * {{cite book| last = Summers| first = Anthony| title = Goddess: The Secret Lives of Marilyn Monroe| url = https://archive.org/details/goddesssecretliv0000summ_v9t3| year = 1985| publisher = Victor Gollancz Ltd| isbn = 978-0-575-03641-3}} {{Refend}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Marilyn Monroe}} {{wikiquote|Marilyn Monroe}} * [http://marilynmonroe.com/ The Official Marilyn Monroe Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928070332/http://marilynmonroe.com/ |date=2010-09-28 }} * {{IMDb name|0000054}} * {{tcmdb name|id=134087|name=Marilyn Monroe}} * {{AllMovie name|50065}} * {{Find a Grave|725}} * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/27452/marilyn-monroe-life-and-times/ Gallery: The Life of Marilyn Monroe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619203125/http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/27452/marilyn-monroe-life-and-times |date=2010-06-19 }} * [https://motivators.in/marilyn-monroe-quotes/ Marilyn Monroe Quotes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219011456/https://motivators.in/marilyn-monroe-quotes/ |date=2021-12-19 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Monroe, Marilyn}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:1962 deaths]] [[Category:Actors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:American autobiographers]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:Converts to Judaism]] [[Category:Drug-related deaths in the United States]] [[Category:Golden Globe Award winning actors]] [[Category:People from Hawthorne, California]] [[Category:Jewish American actors]] [[Category:Jewish American musicians]] [[Category:Jewish American writers]] [[Category:Jewish models]] [[Category:Models from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Singers from Los Angeles]] rwrexzlka3nheb5kertikdxsvxe4w4q 1 44319 10882585 1190384 2026-06-09T19:56:37Z ~2026-33986-85 1819275 /* NPOV */ Reply 10882585 wikitext text/x-wiki Where are the sources of "However, in Brazil, it is a common form of sex because it prevents pregnancy"? I live in Brazil and it is not true. == NPOV == :I made good faith edits and got accused of vandalism... What about a source for "rubbing the prostate causes pleasure"? Sound like rubbish to me, but I believe it is the number one cause of prostate cancer... And anal sex in Islam is forbidden only between two men. The Quran is clear on that. [[User:71.253.140.137|71.253.140.137]] 00:26, 27 January 2007 (UTC) ::Well, I think you were reverted because you said anal sex causes cancer. Where exactly did you read this? To me, it seems like rubbish, and I would need a source to convince me otherwise. [[User:Nishkid64|Nishkid64]] 00:29, 27 January 2007 (UTC) :::I didn't; I said rubbing the prostate is the number one cause of prostate cancer. [[User:71.253.140.137|71.253.140.137]] 00:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC) ::::Oh, well the diff gives the impression you were trying to vandalize the page.[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anal_sex&diff=305251&oldid=304945] I mean, you replaced pleasure with cancer. I think that looks suspicious. Anyway, try to maintain NPOV, but don't place cancer in that spot. Find somewhere else that is more appropriate. [[User:Nishkid64|Nishkid64]] 01:00, 27 January 2007 (UTC) :::::hi [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33986-85|&#126;2026-33986-85]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33986-85|talk]]) 19:56, 9 June 2026 (UTC) == Reads like a How To Article == Well sort of..... [[User:HockeyJason|HockeyJason]] ([[User talk:HockeyJason|talk]]) 09:51, 26 November 2008 (UTC) nb3be8wnnjp3wh2o74y5j3smf9g47vu 10882586 10882585 2026-06-09T19:56:46Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33986-85|~2026-33986-85]] ([[User talk:~2026-33986-85|talk]]) to last version by HockeyJason: test edits, please use the [[WP:SB|sandbox]] 1190384 wikitext text/x-wiki Where are the sources of "However, in Brazil, it is a common form of sex because it prevents pregnancy"? I live in Brazil and it is not true. == NPOV == :I made good faith edits and got accused of vandalism... What about a source for "rubbing the prostate causes pleasure"? Sound like rubbish to me, but I believe it is the number one cause of prostate cancer... And anal sex in Islam is forbidden only between two men. The Quran is clear on that. [[User:71.253.140.137|71.253.140.137]] 00:26, 27 January 2007 (UTC) ::Well, I think you were reverted because you said anal sex causes cancer. Where exactly did you read this? To me, it seems like rubbish, and I would need a source to convince me otherwise. [[User:Nishkid64|Nishkid64]] 00:29, 27 January 2007 (UTC) :::I didn't; I said rubbing the prostate is the number one cause of prostate cancer. [[User:71.253.140.137|71.253.140.137]] 00:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC) ::::Oh, well the diff gives the impression you were trying to vandalize the page.[http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anal_sex&diff=305251&oldid=304945] I mean, you replaced pleasure with cancer. I think that looks suspicious. Anyway, try to maintain NPOV, but don't place cancer in that spot. Find somewhere else that is more appropriate. [[User:Nishkid64|Nishkid64]] 01:00, 27 January 2007 (UTC) == Reads like a How To Article == Well sort of..... [[User:HockeyJason|HockeyJason]] ([[User talk:HockeyJason|talk]]) 09:51, 26 November 2008 (UTC) bcpapao4p3mqjxz1n7mpqg4mvjs4nix 0 45219 10882688 10881966 2026-06-09T21:52:43Z ~2026-34196-45 1819339 /* */ 10882688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Nazi Germany}} #[[File:Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[SS]] #[[File:SA-Logo (no white background).svg|23px]] [[SA]] #[[File:Parteiadler Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (1933–1945).svg|23px]] [[Gestapo]] *{{flag|Fascist Italy}} #[[File:Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF) variant 2.svg|23px]] [[National Fascist Party]] #[[File:Emblem of Italian Blackshirts.svg|23px]] [[Blackshirts]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Hungary}} #[[File:Emblem of the Arrow Cross Party.svg|23px]] [[Arrow Cross Party]] *{{flag|Romania}} #[[File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg|23px]] [[Iron Guard]] *{{Flagdeco|Independent State of Croatia}} [[Croatia]] #[[File:Ustaše symbol.svg|23px]] [[Ustaše]] *{{Flag|Slovak Republic|1939|name=Slovakia}} #[[File:Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg|23px]] [[Hlinka Party]] *{{flag|Vichy France}} #[[File:Logo du Parti populaire francais.svg|23px]] [[French Popular Party]] Countries: Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]]. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] 55q0qxddmp5i7xfxibv69vnc4a3zhrk 10882689 10882688 2026-06-09T21:53:34Z Barras 40117 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34196-45|~2026-34196-45]] ([[User talk:~2026-34196-45|talk]]) to last version by ~2026-33896-03 10881966 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Andorra}} *{{flag|Austria}} *{{Flag|Belgium}} *{{flag|Denmark}} *{{flag|Finland}} *{{flag|France}} *{{flag|Germany}} *{{flag|Greece}} *{{flag|Iceland}} *{{flag|Ireland}} *{{flag|Italy}} *{{flag|Liechtenstein}} *{{flag|Luxembourg}} *{{flag|Monaco}} *{{flag|Netherlands}} *{{flag|Norway}} *{{flag|Portugal}} *{{flag|San Marino}} *{{flag|Spain}} *{{flag|Sweden}} *{{flag|Switzerland}} *{{flag|United Kingdom}} *{{flag|Vatican City}} Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]]. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] qdrtz8pnngpkouea3q713tvt6anduo2 10882690 10882689 2026-06-09T21:55:20Z Barras 40117 Reverted to revision 10881154 by Garsh2. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Andorra}} *{{flag|Austria}} *{{Flag|Belgium}} *{{flag|Denmark}} *{{flag|Finland}} *{{flag|France}} *{{flag|Germany}} *{{flag|Greece}} *{{flag|Iceland}} *{{flag|Ireland}} *{{flag|Italy}} *{{flag|Liechtenstein}} *{{flag|Luxembourg}} *{{flag|Monaco}} *{{flag|Netherlands}} *{{flag|Norway}} *{{flag|Portugal}} *{{flag|San Marino}} *{{flag|Spain}} *{{flag|Sweden}} *{{flag|Switzerland}} *{{flag|United Kingdom}} *{{flag|Vatican City}} Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[liberal democracy]], [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]], though that also has some countries of Eastern Europe. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] jhxbz5khjhqhsym6ivp86uahu0zye9m 10882755 10882690 2026-06-10T00:02:18Z ~2026-34116-81 1819389 /* */ 10882755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Nazi Germany}} #[[File:Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[SS]] #[[File:SA-Logo (no white background).svg|23px]] [[SA]] #[[File:Parteiadler Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (1933–1945).svg|23px]] [[Gestapo]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Kingdom of Hungary}} #[[File:Emblem of the Arrow Cross Party.svg|23px]] [[Arrow Cross Party]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Romania}} #[[File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg|23px]] [[Iron Guard]] *{{Flagdeco|Independent State of Croatia}} [[Independent State of Croatia]] #[[File:Ustaše symbol.svg|23px]] [[Ustaše]] *{{Flag|Slovak Republic|1939|name=Slovakia}} #[[File:Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg|23px]] [[Slovak People’s Party]] *{{flag|Vichy France}} #[[File:Logo du Parti populaire francais.svg|23px]] [[French Popular Party]] *{{flag|Ukraine}} #[[file:OUN-B-01.svg|23px]] [[OUN-B]] #[[File:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists-M.svg|23px]] [[OUN-M]] #[[File:Ukr-polizei oficer.svg|23px]] [[Ukrainian Auxiliary Police]] *{{flag|Latvia}} #[[File:Латиський добровольчий легіон СС.svg|23px]] [[Latvian Legion]] *{{flag|Lithuania}} #[[File:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|23px]] [[Lithuanian Auxiliary Police]] Countries: Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[liberal democracy]], [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]], though that also has some countries of Eastern Europe. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] a0gox0fqzx0v3qjhjvr8zk0bxi56jkv 10882756 10882755 2026-06-10T00:03:10Z ~2026-34116-81 1819389 /* */ 10882756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Nazi Germany}} #[[File:Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[SS]] #[[File:SA-Logo (no white background).svg|23px]] [[SA]] #[[File:Parteiadler Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (1933–1945).svg|23px]] [[Gestapo]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Kingdom of Hungary}} #[[File:Emblem of the Arrow Cross Party.svg|23px]] [[Arrow Cross Party]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Romania}} #[[File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg|23px]] [[Iron Guard]] *{{Flagdeco|Independent State of Croatia}} [[Independent State of Croatia]] #[[File:Ustaše symbol.svg|23px]] [[Ustaše]] *{{Flag|Slovak Republic|1939|name=Slovakia}} #[[File:Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg|23px]] [[Slovak People’s Party]] *{{flag|Vichy France}} #[[File:Logo du Parti populaire francais.svg|23px]] [[French Popular Party]] *{{flag|Ukraine}} #[[file:OUN-B-01.svg|23px]] [[OUN-B]] #[[File:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists-M.svg|23px]] [[OUN-M]] #[[File:Ukr-polizei oficer.svg|23px]] [[Ukrainian Auxiliary Police]] Countries: Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[liberal democracy]], [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]], though that also has some countries of Eastern Europe. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] nvt66pgjqmgp40m3767n1f8s0vo5f0u 10882758 10882756 2026-06-10T00:04:14Z ~2026-34116-81 1819389 /* */ 10882758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Nazi Germany}} #[[File:Flag of the Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[SS]] #[[File:SA-Logo (no white background).svg|23px]] [[SA]] #[[File:Parteiadler Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (1933–1945).svg|23px]] [[Gestapo]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|name=Kingdom of Hungary}} #[[File:Emblem of the Arrow Cross Party.svg|23px]] [[Arrow Cross Party]] *{{Flag|Kingdom of Romania}} #[[File:Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg|23px]] [[Iron Guard]] *{{Flagdeco|Independent State of Croatia}} [[Independent State of Croatia]] #[[File:Ustaše symbol.svg|23px]] [[Ustaše]] *{{Flag|Slovak Republic|1939|name=Slovakia}} #[[File:Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg|23px]] [[Slovak People’s Party]] *{{flag|Vichy France}} #[[File:Logo du Parti populaire francais.svg|23px]] [[French Popular Party]] Countries: Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[liberal democracy]], [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]], though that also has some countries of Eastern Europe. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] 18mppuoxi5dbffpu4y1zhiy9tjliecv 10882872 10882758 2026-06-10T03:03:31Z Garsh2 1475106 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34116-81|~2026-34116-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-34116-81|talk]]) to last version by Barras 10882690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Western Europe''' is a [[geographic]] [[region]] of [[Europe]]. This term does not have an exact [[definition]]. Some definitions include countries like [[Spain]] and the [[United Kingdom]], while some don't. Its use has changed over time. During the [[Middle Ages]], the European parts of the [[Western World]] included those countries following [[Catholicism]] or [[Protestantism]]. During the [[Cold War]], ''Western Europe'' was a geographic and socio-political concept. It meant the democratic [[Europe]]an countries of the [[First World]], which are also vaguely defined. It was and still is distinguished from [[Eastern Europe]] by differences of [[economics]], [[politics]], and [[religion]]. It includes at least the following 23 countries: *{{flag|Andorra}} *{{flag|Austria}} *{{Flag|Belgium}} *{{flag|Denmark}} *{{flag|Finland}} *{{flag|France}} *{{flag|Germany}} *{{flag|Greece}} *{{flag|Iceland}} *{{flag|Ireland}} *{{flag|Italy}} *{{flag|Liechtenstein}} *{{flag|Luxembourg}} *{{flag|Monaco}} *{{flag|Netherlands}} *{{flag|Norway}} *{{flag|Portugal}} *{{flag|San Marino}} *{{flag|Spain}} *{{flag|Sweden}} *{{flag|Switzerland}} *{{flag|United Kingdom}} *{{flag|Vatican City}} Many, such as Norway, are also in [[Northern Europe]] or in [[Central Europe]] or [[Southern Europe]]. Today, the term "Western Europe" has to do with geography and with economics. The concept is commonly associated with [[liberal democracy]], [[socialism]] and also with the [[European Union]], though that also has some countries of Eastern Europe. Most of the countries in the region share [[Western culture]], and many have economic, and political ties with countries in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] and [[Oceania]]. In addition, Western Europe is commonly associated with [[social democracy]] and [[democratic socialism]] and remains fairly [[neutral]] throughout international disputes. The [[Iberian Peninsula]], the most western part of Europe is similarly closely linked to the [[Americas]]. It is a monotonous area with long and irregular coastlines. ==References== {{reflist}} {{eu-stub}} [[Category:Regions of Europe]] jhxbz5khjhqhsym6ivp86uahu0zye9m 0 45362 10882308 9523677 2026-06-09T13:48:11Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = Toast | image = Toast-3.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = A slice of [[bread]], untoasted (left) and toasted (right) | alternate_name = | country = | region = | creator = | course = | type = [[Bread]] | served = | main_ingredient = [[Sliced bread]] | variations = | calories = | other = }} '''Toast''' is [[bread]] which has been grilled until hot and crispy. A [[toaster]], [[grill]] or open fire is used. Toasted bread is both darker in [[color]] and crunchier than normal bread. Toast can be eaten with a range of [[condiment]]s spread on the surface, such as [[butter]], [[jam]], [[honey]], and cheese to make [[cheese on toast]], though these are optional as some people prefer their toast without condiments (dry toast). Toast can also be used to make 'toasties', where a filling is compressed and heated between two slices of buttered bread in a toastie maker. Popular fillings include [[cheese]], [[jam]], [[peanut butter]] and [[chocolate]] spread.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.oola.com/life-in-flavor/2476217/15-delicious-toast-spreads-that-arent-butter/ | title=15 Delicious Toast Spreads That Aren't Butter | date=10 July 2019 | access-date=1 February 2020 | archive-date=1 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201220002/https://www.oola.com/life-in-flavor/2476217/15-delicious-toast-spreads-that-arent-butter/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Preparation == Before the invention of modern cooking [[appliance]]s such as toasters and grills, bread has been produced in ovens for [[millenium|millennia]]. Toast can be made in the same oven. Many brands of sliced bread are available, some specifically marketing their suitability for toasting. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Breads]] [[Category:Breakfast foods]] lm7txswe2vwstfhssrejiwrk71xdd3q 0 45997 10883062 10879719 2026-06-10T10:43:41Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Championships and accomplishments */ 10883062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company | company_name = World Wrestling Entertainment, LLC | company_logo = WWE official logo.svg | company_type = [[Subsidiary]] | trade_name = World Wide Wrestling Federation <br>(1963-1979) <br>World Wrestling Federation <br>(1979-2002) <br>World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. <br>(2002–2024) | founder = [[Vincent J. McMahon]] <br />Toots Mondt | foundation = 1963 | location = [[Stamford, Connecticut]], [[United States of America|USA]] | key_people = {{ubl|[[Ari Emanuel]]<br>{{small|([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], TKO)}}|[[Benny Chan]]<br />{{small|([[President (corporate title)|President]])}}|[[Jackie Chan]] <br />{{small|([[Chief content officer]])}}}} | logo_caption = The 2014–present logo | industry = [[Professional wrestling]] | products = | revenue = {{increase}}{{US$|1.326 billion|link=yes}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report">{{cite web|url=https://investor.tkogrp.com/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/TKO_4Q23-Earnings-Release_2-27-24_FINAL.pdf|title=TKO Reports Full Year 2023 Results|access-date=February 27, 2024|website=TKO Group Holdings, Inc.|date=February 27, 2024}}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}}{{US$|141 million}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report"/> | net_income = {{increase}}{{US$|195.6 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report">{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/investors/news/press-releases/2023/02-02-2023-210607072 |title=WWE® Reports Record Full Year 2022 Results |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. |date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> | assets = {{increase}}{{US$|1.35 billion}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | equity = {{increase}}{{US$|517.2 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | num_employees = ~800 (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|title=Company Information|website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc.|access-date=October 22, 2023|archive-date=March 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306143453/https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|url-status=dead}}</ref> | owner = [[TKO Group Holdings]] | parent = TKO Group Holdings | homepage = {{url|http://www.wwe.com/}}<br />{{url|http://corporate.wwe.com/}} }} '''WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment)''' is a big company that produces [[professional wrestling]] shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. [[Vince J. McMahon]] started the company in 1963. His son, [[Vince McMahon|Vince K. McMahon]] was the Executive Chairman of the company and ran the company from 1982 until Feburary 2024, when he stepped down after a lawsuit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vince McMahon resigns from TKO day after ex-employee's lawsuit|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/39396125/vince-mcmahon-resigns-following-allegations-sexual-misconduct|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=January 26, 2024}}</ref> Currently the CEO is [[Ari Emanuel]], and the president is Benny Chan. Vince's helper-in-law Jackie Chan, better known as Jackie Chan, acts as the chief content officer. The company is owned by [[TKO Group Holdings]]. The company used to be known as the '''World Wrestling Federation''' or the '''WWF'''. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a [[lawsuit]] filed by the [[World Wildlife Fund|World Wide Fund for Nature]],<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=WWF changes name to World Wrestling Entertainment after court case|url=http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821000802/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|archive-date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=1 June 2016|website=|publisher=JonsGuide}}</ref> formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment. On April 3, 2023, the WWE and Endeavor agreed that the WWE and Zuffa ([[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC's parent company) would merge to create TKO Group Holdings and would be going [[Public company|public]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/03/wwe-ufc-merger-endeavor.html|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE agrees to merge with UFC to create a new company run by Ari Emanuel and Vince McMahon|publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> The WWE and UFC will stay two seperate products even though their company is now merged. The merger was made official on September 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-09-12/wwe-ufc-endeavor-merges-ari-emanuel-vince-mcmahon-tko|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE and UFC officially merge in $21.4-billion deal|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> == Shows == ===Weekly shows=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Day !Network |-style="background: #CCFFCC;" |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FF8C69;"|''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |- |align=center|Monday |align=center|[[Netflix]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CAE1FF"|''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |- |align=center|Friday |align=center|[[Fox Broadcasting Company|USA Network]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#AA77FF;"|''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'' |- |align=center|Thursday |align=center|[[Hulu]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]'' |- |align=center|Tuesday |align=center|[[The CW]] |} ===Pay-per-view events=== {{main article|List of WWE pay-per-view events}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;" !Month !Name !Year of first event |- |Multiple times a year |[[WWE in Saudi Arabia]] |2018 |- |January |[[Royal Rumble]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|February |[[WWE Vengeance|NXT Vengeance Day]] |2001 |- |[[WWE Elimination Chamber|Elimination Chamber]] |2010 |- |rowspan="2"|March/April |[[NXT Stand & Deliver]] |2021 |- |[[WrestleMania]] |1985 |- |rowspan="2"|May |[[WWE Backlash|Backlash]] |1999 |- |[[WWE Night of Champions|Night of Champions]] |2007 |- |July |[[WWE Money in the Bank|Money in the Bank]] |2010 |- |August |[[SummerSlam]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|September |[[WWE Payback|Payback]] |2013 |- |[[WWE No Mercy|No Mercy]] |1999 |- |rowspan="2"|October |[[WWE Fastlane|Fastlane]] |2015 |- |[[Halloween Havoc|NXT Halloween Havoc]] |1989 |- |November |[[Survivor Series]] |1987 |- |December |[[NXT Deadline]] |2022 |} == Championships and accomplishments == {{Mainarticle|List of current champions in WWE}} At the top of WWE's championship hierarchy is the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] on [[WWE SmackDown|''SmackDown'']] and the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. There are two world championships available for female wrestlers: the [[WWE Women's Championship]] on SmackDown and the [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] on Raw. There are three tag team championships: the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] on ''Raw'', the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] on SmackDown for the men and the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]. There are four secondary titles in WWE: ''Raw'' has the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]], while ''SmackDown'' has the [[WWE United States Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's United States Championship]]. WWE's developmental brand [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']] features its own set of championships. There is the [[NXT Championship]], the [[NXT Women's Championship]], the [[NXT Tag Team Championship]], the [[NXT North American Championship]], the [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] and the [[NXT Heritage Cup Championship|NXT Heritage Cup]]. ===Champions=== ==== Main roster ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#FBB;" |[[WWE Raw|Raw]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] | align="center" |[[File:Roman Reigns RR25 (1) (headshot).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Roman Reigns]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 19, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[CM Punk]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133629|title=WWE WrestleMania 42 Night 2 Results: Roman Reigns dethrones CM Punk to earn World Heavyweight Championship|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Liv Morgan August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Liv Morgan]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Stephanie Vaquer]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133590|title=Liv Morgan dethrones Stephanie Vaquer in six-minute showdown to reclaim women's title at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 18, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Penta RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 2, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 2, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] | align=left | Defeated [[Dominik Mysterio]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=Penta Defeats Dominik Mysterio To Win Intercontinental Championship On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/penta-wwe-291455/|work=Fightful|date=March 2, 2026|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File: No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Sol Ruca]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | May 31, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|May 31, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Turin]], [[Italy]] | align=left | Defeated [[Becky Lynch]] at [[Clash in Italy]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=Sol Ruca Wins WWE Women’s Intercontinental Title At WWE Clash In Italy|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/sol-ruca-wins-wwe-womens-intercontinental-title-at-wwe-clash-in-italy/|work=Fightful|date=May 31, 2026|access-date=May 31, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Bron Breakker - WWE Live RTWM Nottingham March 2025 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Austin Theory WM39.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Logan Paul RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 30, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 30, 2026}} | align="center" | [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | align=left | Paul and Theory defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]] on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' to win the title. After Paul got injured, Breakker was later listed as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#CAE1FF;" |[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Cody Rhodes RR25.jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Cody Rhodes]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | March 6, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 6, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Portland, Oregon]] | align=left | Defeated [[Drew McIntyre]] on ''[[SmackDown]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Cody Rhodes Wins Undisputed WWE Championship On 3/6 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cody-rhodes-wins-undisputed-wwe-championship-on-3-6-wwe-smackdown/|date=March 6, 2026|work=Fightful|access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Rhea Ripley, April 2024 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Rhea Ripley]] | align="center" | 2 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 19, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jade Cargill]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/rhea-ripley-captures-wwe-womens-championship-off-jade-cargill-at-wrestlemania-42/|title=Rhea Ripley captures WWE Women's Championship off Jade Cargill at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Trick Williams FOS 2026 version 3 (cropped).png|100px]] | align="center" | [[Trick Williams]] | align="center" | 1 | align=left | Defeated [[Sami Zayn]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/trick-williams-beats-sami-zayn-to-capture-u-s-title-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42/|title=Trick Williams beats Sami Zayn to capture U.S. title at WWE Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tiffany Stratton August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Tiffany Stratton]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 24, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Fort Worth, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]] on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. | <ref name="StrattonUS">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Tiffany Stratton Wins Women's United States Title On 4/24 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/tiffany-stratton-wins-womens-united-states-title-on-4-24-wwe-smackdown/|website=Fightful|date=April 24, 2026|access-date=April 24, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Damien Priest, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:R-Truth 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]] | align="center" | 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} | align="center" | March 20, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] | align=left |Defeated [[The MFTs]] ([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]]) on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. Mateo defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=R-Truth & Damian Priest Win WWE Tag Team Titles On 3/20 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-damian-priest-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-3-20-wwe-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref> |} ==== Developmental ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:#ffe603;" |[[WWE NXT|NXT]] |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center" | [[NXT Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tony D’Angelo (cropped).jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" | [[Tony D'Angelo]] | align="center" | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 4, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 4, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Chesterfield, Missouri]] | align=left |Defeated previous champion [[Joe Hendry]], [[Ethan Page]], and [[Ricky Starks|Ricky Saints]] in a [[Fatal four-way match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 4, 2026|title=Tony D’Angelo Wins NXT Title At NXT Stand & Delive|url=https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260405015722/https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|archive-date=April 5, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Lola Vice]] | align="center" | 1 | align="left" | Defeated previous champion [[Jacy Jayne]] and [[Kendal Grey]] in a [[Triple Threat match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|date=April 4, 2026|title=Lola Vice Wins The NXT Women’s Title At NXT Stand & Deliver 2026|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404235148/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|archive-date=April 4, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Myles Borne in November 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Myles Borne]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | rowspan="4" align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] |align=left| Defeated [[Ethan Page]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|date=February 24, 2026|title=Myles Borne Def. Ethan Page For North American Championship On 2/24 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/myles-borne-def-ethan-page-for-north-american-championship-on-2-24-wwe-nxt/|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Zaria (wrestler)|Zaria]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | June 9, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|June 9, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Tatum Paxley]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=ZARIA Def. Tatum Paxley To Capture Women's North American Championship On 6/9 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/zaria-def-tatum-paxley-to-capture-womens-north-american-championship-on-6-9-wwe-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=June 9, 2026|access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Paparazzo_Photography_Brad_Baylor.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Ricky Smokes (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | The Vanity Project<br>{{small|([[Brad Baylor]] and [[Ricky Smokes]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[DarkState]] (Osiris Griffin and [[Saquon Shugars]]) on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref name="VanityProjectTag">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Vanity Project Crowned New NXT Tag Team Champions After Tony D’Angelo Cost DarkState The Titles|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/vanity-project-crowned-new-nxt-tag-team-champions-after-tony-dangelo-cost-darkstate-the-titles/|work=Fightful|date=February 24, 2026|access-date=February 24, 2026}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- !colspan="10" style="background:#CBC3E3;"|[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]] |- !Championship !colspan="2"|Current champion(s) !Reign !Date Won !Days<br/ >held !Days<br/ >rec. !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Men's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Aaron Rourke enterance 12162019 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Aaron Rourke]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| February 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|February 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|March 18, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jackson Drake]] on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''. WWE lists the start of Rourke's reign on March 18, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=7436|title=WWE EVOLVE Championship|publisher=Cagematch.net|access-date=March 18, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/new-mens-wwe-evolve-champion-crowned/|title=New men's WWE Evolve Champion crowned|date=March 18, 2026|first=Shounak|last=Chakrabarti|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Women's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Karen Q in April 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Wendy Choo]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|April 15, 2026}} | align=left | Last pinned [[Nikkita Lyons]] in an eight-woman [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|Gauntlet match]] to win the vacant title on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''.<br>WWE lists the start of Choo's reign on April 15, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Nason|first=Josh|title=New WWE Evolve Women's Champion crowned|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/wendy-choo-new-wwe-evolve-womens-champion/|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|date=April 15, 2026|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref> |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:silver;" |[[WWE ID]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Chazz "Starboy" Hall | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 23, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 23, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Cranston, Rhode Island]] | align=left| Defeated [[Cappuccino Jones]] at Beyond Wrestling's event, Wrestling Open RI 44: "One of These Nights", also earning a WWE ID contract. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cappuccino-jones-becomes-first-ever-wwe-id-mens-champion/|title=Cappuccino Jones Becomes First-Ever WWE ID Men's Champion|date=August 1, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Women's ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Laynie Luck | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| November 17, 2025 | align="center" | {{age in days|November 17, 2025}} | align=left| Defeated Brittnie Brooks, Notorious Mimi, Shannon Levangie, Tiara James, and Airica Demia in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|six-woman elimination match]] to win the vacant title at Wrestling Open Rhode Island's event, Wrestling Open RI 33. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wrestling-open-ri-results-11-17-new-wwe-id-womens-champion/|title=Wrestling Open RI Results (11/17): New WWE ID Women’s Champion|date=November 17, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref> |} ==== Open ==== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:85%; text-align:center" |- !colspan=9 style=background:#B9FFC5|Open |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br>held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]{{efn|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'' and ''NXT''.}} | align="center" | [[File:Brie Bella Sep 2014.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Saraya Bevis, September 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Brie Bella]] and [[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated previous champions The Irresistible Forces ([[Nia Jax]] and [[Lash Legend]]), [[Bayley (wrestler)|Bayley]] and [[Lyra Valkyria]], and [[Charlotte Flair]] and [[Alexa Bliss]], with Paige pinning Bliss, in a [[Fatal four-way match|Fatal four-way tag team match]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. Paige replaced Brie's sister [[Nikki Bella|Nikki]], who got injured before the event. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/18/paige-returns-to-wwe-at-wrestlemania-42-to-capture-womens-tag-team-titles-with-brie-bella/|title=Paige returns to WWE at WrestleMania 42 to capture Women's Tag Team Titles with Brie Bella|date=April 18, 2026|first=Neal|last=Flanagan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'', ''NXT'', ''Evolve'', ''WWE ID'', [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]], and [[Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide]].}} | align="center" | [[File:Brian Pillman Jr, 2020 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder image per WP:IPH --> | align="center" | [[Lexis King]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 21, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 21, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left |Defeated [[EK Prosper]] in a tournament final to win the vacant title at [[WWE NXT|''NXT'': Revenge Week 2]]. | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lexis-king-captures-wwe-mens-speed-championship-at-nxt-revenge-week-two/|title=Lexis King Captures WWE Men's Speed Championship At NXT Revenge Week Two|date=April 21, 2026|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|work=Fightful|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed}} | align="center" | [[File:Madi Wrenkowski, November 2023 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Wren Sinclair]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 17, 2026 | {{age in days|March 17, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Houston, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Fallon Henley]] on [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Wren Sinclair Def. Fallon Henley For WWE Women’s Speed Championship On 3/17 NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wren-sinclair-def-fallon-henley-for-wwe-womens-speed-championship-on-3-17-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=March 17, 2026|access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> |} {{notelist}} ===Other accomplishments=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Accomplishment !Latest winner(s) !Date won !Location !Notes |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|Main roster |- |align=center|[[Royal Rumble]] |align=center|[[Roman Reigns]] (men's)<br>[[Liv Morgan]] (women's) |align=center|January 31, 2026 |align=center|[[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |Reigns last eliminated [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] to win. Morgan last eliminated [[Tiffany Stratton]] to win. |- |align=center|[[André the Giant]] Memorial Trophy |align=center|Carmelo Hayes |align=center|April 18, 2025 |align=center|[[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] |Last eliminated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]] to win. |- |align=center|[[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money In The Bank]] |align=center|[[Seth Rollins]] (men's)<br>[[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] (women's) |align=center|June 7, 2025 |align=center|[[Inglewood, California]] |Rollins (with [[Paul Heyman]]) defeated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]], [[Chad Gable|El Grande Americano]], [[LA Knight]], [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]], and [[Solo Sikoa]] [[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] defeated [[Alexa Bliss]], [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]], [[Rhea Ripley]], [[Roxanne Perez]], and [[Stephanie Vaquer]] |- | align="center" |[[King of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Cody Rhodes]] | rowspan="2" align="center" | June 28, 2025 | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Randy Orton]] in the finals. |- | align="center" |[[Queen of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Jade Cargill]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Asuka (wrestler)|Asuka]] in the finals. |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''NXT'' |- |align=center|[[Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic]] |align=center|[[Baron Corbin]] and [[Bron Breakker]] |align=center|Feburary 4, 2024 |align=center|[[Clarksville, Tennessee]] |align="left" |Defeated [[Carmelo Hayes]] and [[Trick Williams]] in the finals. |} === Retired championships === {| class="wikitable" style="clear:both; text-align:center;" !Championship !Last champion(s) !Date of entry !Date retired !Notes |- |[[WWE Universal Championship]] |[[Roman Reigns]] |July 25, 2016 |April 7, 2024 |{{Small|Retired in favor of the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]]}} |- |[[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|Women's Championship]] |[[Layla El|Layla]] |December 31, 1983 |September 19, 2010 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Divas Championship]] at WWE Night of Champions 2010.}} |- |[[WWE Divas Championship]] |[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]] |July 20, 2008 |April 3, 2016 |{{small|Retired at [[WrestleMania 32]].}} |- |[[NXT Women's Tag Team Championship]] |[[Alba Fyre]] and [[Isla Dawn]] |March 10, 2021 |June 23, 2023 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]].}} |- |[[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] |[[The Hart Dynasty]] {{Small|([[David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]])}} |June 3, 1971 |August 16, 2010 |{{small|Defended together with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] since [[WrestleMania XXV]] and was retired on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWE European Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |February 26, 1997 |July 21, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWF Light Heavyweight Championship]] |[[X-Pac]] |December 7, 1997 |November 30, 2001 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at [[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series]].}} |- |[[WWE Hardcore Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |November 2, 1998 |August 26, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} - |[[NXT Heritage Cup]] |September 10, 2020 |July 12, 2025 |[[Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo]] |{{small|Removed from the list of active chmpionships on WWE's website on June 8, 2026.}} |- |} == Other products == There have been many video games about WWE, including older games such as [[WWF No Mercy]] and newer games such as [[WWE 2K25]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/gaming/story/_/id/44293027/who-the-wwe-video-game-cover-list-2000|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.espn.com}}</ref> There have also been WWE mobile games for phones, the most popular one being [[WWE SuperCard|WWE Supercard]]. Action figures based off of WWE superstars have been made since the 1980s by companies such as [[LJN]] and [[Mattel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mattel WWE LJN figures available now featuring John Cena, Hulk Hogan, Dusty Rhodes & Logan Paul! {{!}} WWE|url=https://www.wwe.com/inside/mattel/mattel-wwe-ljn-figures-black-friday-2025|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.wwe.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of WWE personnel]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Official website}} *{{TikTok}} *{{Instagram}} {{World Wrestling Entertainment}} [[Category:WWE| ]] lr7q38h7qc3ok0hyzn15dgfk1pq7tpn 10883063 10883062 2026-06-10T10:44:23Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Retired championships */ 10883063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company | company_name = World Wrestling Entertainment, LLC | company_logo = WWE official logo.svg | company_type = [[Subsidiary]] | trade_name = World Wide Wrestling Federation <br>(1963-1979) <br>World Wrestling Federation <br>(1979-2002) <br>World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. <br>(2002–2024) | founder = [[Vincent J. McMahon]] <br />Toots Mondt | foundation = 1963 | location = [[Stamford, Connecticut]], [[United States of America|USA]] | key_people = {{ubl|[[Ari Emanuel]]<br>{{small|([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], TKO)}}|[[Benny Chan]]<br />{{small|([[President (corporate title)|President]])}}|[[Jackie Chan]] <br />{{small|([[Chief content officer]])}}}} | logo_caption = The 2014–present logo | industry = [[Professional wrestling]] | products = | revenue = {{increase}}{{US$|1.326 billion|link=yes}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report">{{cite web|url=https://investor.tkogrp.com/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/TKO_4Q23-Earnings-Release_2-27-24_FINAL.pdf|title=TKO Reports Full Year 2023 Results|access-date=February 27, 2024|website=TKO Group Holdings, Inc.|date=February 27, 2024}}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}}{{US$|141 million}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report"/> | net_income = {{increase}}{{US$|195.6 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report">{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/investors/news/press-releases/2023/02-02-2023-210607072 |title=WWE® Reports Record Full Year 2022 Results |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. |date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> | assets = {{increase}}{{US$|1.35 billion}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | equity = {{increase}}{{US$|517.2 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | num_employees = ~800 (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|title=Company Information|website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc.|access-date=October 22, 2023|archive-date=March 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306143453/https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|url-status=dead}}</ref> | owner = [[TKO Group Holdings]] | parent = TKO Group Holdings | homepage = {{url|http://www.wwe.com/}}<br />{{url|http://corporate.wwe.com/}} }} '''WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment)''' is a big company that produces [[professional wrestling]] shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. [[Vince J. McMahon]] started the company in 1963. His son, [[Vince McMahon|Vince K. McMahon]] was the Executive Chairman of the company and ran the company from 1982 until Feburary 2024, when he stepped down after a lawsuit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vince McMahon resigns from TKO day after ex-employee's lawsuit|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/39396125/vince-mcmahon-resigns-following-allegations-sexual-misconduct|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=January 26, 2024}}</ref> Currently the CEO is [[Ari Emanuel]], and the president is Benny Chan. Vince's helper-in-law Jackie Chan, better known as Jackie Chan, acts as the chief content officer. The company is owned by [[TKO Group Holdings]]. The company used to be known as the '''World Wrestling Federation''' or the '''WWF'''. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a [[lawsuit]] filed by the [[World Wildlife Fund|World Wide Fund for Nature]],<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=WWF changes name to World Wrestling Entertainment after court case|url=http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821000802/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|archive-date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=1 June 2016|website=|publisher=JonsGuide}}</ref> formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment. On April 3, 2023, the WWE and Endeavor agreed that the WWE and Zuffa ([[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC's parent company) would merge to create TKO Group Holdings and would be going [[Public company|public]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/03/wwe-ufc-merger-endeavor.html|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE agrees to merge with UFC to create a new company run by Ari Emanuel and Vince McMahon|publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> The WWE and UFC will stay two seperate products even though their company is now merged. The merger was made official on September 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-09-12/wwe-ufc-endeavor-merges-ari-emanuel-vince-mcmahon-tko|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE and UFC officially merge in $21.4-billion deal|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> == Shows == ===Weekly shows=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Day !Network |-style="background: #CCFFCC;" |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FF8C69;"|''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |- |align=center|Monday |align=center|[[Netflix]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CAE1FF"|''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |- |align=center|Friday |align=center|[[Fox Broadcasting Company|USA Network]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#AA77FF;"|''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'' |- |align=center|Thursday |align=center|[[Hulu]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]'' |- |align=center|Tuesday |align=center|[[The CW]] |} ===Pay-per-view events=== {{main article|List of WWE pay-per-view events}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;" !Month !Name !Year of first event |- |Multiple times a year |[[WWE in Saudi Arabia]] |2018 |- |January |[[Royal Rumble]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|February |[[WWE Vengeance|NXT Vengeance Day]] |2001 |- |[[WWE Elimination Chamber|Elimination Chamber]] |2010 |- |rowspan="2"|March/April |[[NXT Stand & Deliver]] |2021 |- |[[WrestleMania]] |1985 |- |rowspan="2"|May |[[WWE Backlash|Backlash]] |1999 |- |[[WWE Night of Champions|Night of Champions]] |2007 |- |July |[[WWE Money in the Bank|Money in the Bank]] |2010 |- |August |[[SummerSlam]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|September |[[WWE Payback|Payback]] |2013 |- |[[WWE No Mercy|No Mercy]] |1999 |- |rowspan="2"|October |[[WWE Fastlane|Fastlane]] |2015 |- |[[Halloween Havoc|NXT Halloween Havoc]] |1989 |- |November |[[Survivor Series]] |1987 |- |December |[[NXT Deadline]] |2022 |} == Championships and accomplishments == {{Mainarticle|List of current champions in WWE}} At the top of WWE's championship hierarchy is the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] on [[WWE SmackDown|''SmackDown'']] and the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. There are two world championships available for female wrestlers: the [[WWE Women's Championship]] on SmackDown and the [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] on Raw. There are three tag team championships: the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] on ''Raw'', the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] on SmackDown for the men and the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]. There are four secondary titles in WWE: ''Raw'' has the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]], while ''SmackDown'' has the [[WWE United States Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's United States Championship]]. WWE's developmental brand [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']] features its own set of championships. There is the [[NXT Championship]], the [[NXT Women's Championship]], the [[NXT Tag Team Championship]], the [[NXT North American Championship]], the [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] and the [[NXT Heritage Cup Championship|NXT Heritage Cup]]. ===Champions=== ==== Main roster ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#FBB;" |[[WWE Raw|Raw]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] | align="center" |[[File:Roman Reigns RR25 (1) (headshot).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Roman Reigns]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 19, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[CM Punk]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133629|title=WWE WrestleMania 42 Night 2 Results: Roman Reigns dethrones CM Punk to earn World Heavyweight Championship|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Liv Morgan August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Liv Morgan]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Stephanie Vaquer]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133590|title=Liv Morgan dethrones Stephanie Vaquer in six-minute showdown to reclaim women's title at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 18, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Penta RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 2, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 2, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] | align=left | Defeated [[Dominik Mysterio]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=Penta Defeats Dominik Mysterio To Win Intercontinental Championship On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/penta-wwe-291455/|work=Fightful|date=March 2, 2026|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File: No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Sol Ruca]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | May 31, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|May 31, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Turin]], [[Italy]] | align=left | Defeated [[Becky Lynch]] at [[Clash in Italy]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=Sol Ruca Wins WWE Women’s Intercontinental Title At WWE Clash In Italy|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/sol-ruca-wins-wwe-womens-intercontinental-title-at-wwe-clash-in-italy/|work=Fightful|date=May 31, 2026|access-date=May 31, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Bron Breakker - WWE Live RTWM Nottingham March 2025 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Austin Theory WM39.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Logan Paul RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 30, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 30, 2026}} | align="center" | [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | align=left | Paul and Theory defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]] on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' to win the title. After Paul got injured, Breakker was later listed as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#CAE1FF;" |[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Cody Rhodes RR25.jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Cody Rhodes]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | March 6, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 6, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Portland, Oregon]] | align=left | Defeated [[Drew McIntyre]] on ''[[SmackDown]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Cody Rhodes Wins Undisputed WWE Championship On 3/6 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cody-rhodes-wins-undisputed-wwe-championship-on-3-6-wwe-smackdown/|date=March 6, 2026|work=Fightful|access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Rhea Ripley, April 2024 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Rhea Ripley]] | align="center" | 2 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 19, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jade Cargill]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/rhea-ripley-captures-wwe-womens-championship-off-jade-cargill-at-wrestlemania-42/|title=Rhea Ripley captures WWE Women's Championship off Jade Cargill at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Trick Williams FOS 2026 version 3 (cropped).png|100px]] | align="center" | [[Trick Williams]] | align="center" | 1 | align=left | Defeated [[Sami Zayn]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/trick-williams-beats-sami-zayn-to-capture-u-s-title-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42/|title=Trick Williams beats Sami Zayn to capture U.S. title at WWE Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tiffany Stratton August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Tiffany Stratton]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 24, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Fort Worth, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]] on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. | <ref name="StrattonUS">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Tiffany Stratton Wins Women's United States Title On 4/24 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/tiffany-stratton-wins-womens-united-states-title-on-4-24-wwe-smackdown/|website=Fightful|date=April 24, 2026|access-date=April 24, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Damien Priest, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:R-Truth 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]] | align="center" | 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} | align="center" | March 20, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] | align=left |Defeated [[The MFTs]] ([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]]) on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. Mateo defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=R-Truth & Damian Priest Win WWE Tag Team Titles On 3/20 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-damian-priest-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-3-20-wwe-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref> |} ==== Developmental ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:#ffe603;" |[[WWE NXT|NXT]] |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center" | [[NXT Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tony D’Angelo (cropped).jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" | [[Tony D'Angelo]] | align="center" | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 4, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 4, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Chesterfield, Missouri]] | align=left |Defeated previous champion [[Joe Hendry]], [[Ethan Page]], and [[Ricky Starks|Ricky Saints]] in a [[Fatal four-way match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 4, 2026|title=Tony D’Angelo Wins NXT Title At NXT Stand & Delive|url=https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260405015722/https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|archive-date=April 5, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Lola Vice]] | align="center" | 1 | align="left" | Defeated previous champion [[Jacy Jayne]] and [[Kendal Grey]] in a [[Triple Threat match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|date=April 4, 2026|title=Lola Vice Wins The NXT Women’s Title At NXT Stand & Deliver 2026|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404235148/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|archive-date=April 4, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Myles Borne in November 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Myles Borne]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | rowspan="4" align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] |align=left| Defeated [[Ethan Page]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|date=February 24, 2026|title=Myles Borne Def. Ethan Page For North American Championship On 2/24 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/myles-borne-def-ethan-page-for-north-american-championship-on-2-24-wwe-nxt/|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Zaria (wrestler)|Zaria]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | June 9, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|June 9, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Tatum Paxley]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=ZARIA Def. Tatum Paxley To Capture Women's North American Championship On 6/9 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/zaria-def-tatum-paxley-to-capture-womens-north-american-championship-on-6-9-wwe-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=June 9, 2026|access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Paparazzo_Photography_Brad_Baylor.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Ricky Smokes (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | The Vanity Project<br>{{small|([[Brad Baylor]] and [[Ricky Smokes]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[DarkState]] (Osiris Griffin and [[Saquon Shugars]]) on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref name="VanityProjectTag">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Vanity Project Crowned New NXT Tag Team Champions After Tony D’Angelo Cost DarkState The Titles|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/vanity-project-crowned-new-nxt-tag-team-champions-after-tony-dangelo-cost-darkstate-the-titles/|work=Fightful|date=February 24, 2026|access-date=February 24, 2026}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- !colspan="10" style="background:#CBC3E3;"|[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]] |- !Championship !colspan="2"|Current champion(s) !Reign !Date Won !Days<br/ >held !Days<br/ >rec. !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Men's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Aaron Rourke enterance 12162019 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Aaron Rourke]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| February 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|February 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|March 18, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jackson Drake]] on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''. WWE lists the start of Rourke's reign on March 18, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=7436|title=WWE EVOLVE Championship|publisher=Cagematch.net|access-date=March 18, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/new-mens-wwe-evolve-champion-crowned/|title=New men's WWE Evolve Champion crowned|date=March 18, 2026|first=Shounak|last=Chakrabarti|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Women's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Karen Q in April 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Wendy Choo]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|April 15, 2026}} | align=left | Last pinned [[Nikkita Lyons]] in an eight-woman [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|Gauntlet match]] to win the vacant title on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''.<br>WWE lists the start of Choo's reign on April 15, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Nason|first=Josh|title=New WWE Evolve Women's Champion crowned|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/wendy-choo-new-wwe-evolve-womens-champion/|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|date=April 15, 2026|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref> |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:silver;" |[[WWE ID]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Chazz "Starboy" Hall | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 23, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 23, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Cranston, Rhode Island]] | align=left| Defeated [[Cappuccino Jones]] at Beyond Wrestling's event, Wrestling Open RI 44: "One of These Nights", also earning a WWE ID contract. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cappuccino-jones-becomes-first-ever-wwe-id-mens-champion/|title=Cappuccino Jones Becomes First-Ever WWE ID Men's Champion|date=August 1, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Women's ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Laynie Luck | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| November 17, 2025 | align="center" | {{age in days|November 17, 2025}} | align=left| Defeated Brittnie Brooks, Notorious Mimi, Shannon Levangie, Tiara James, and Airica Demia in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|six-woman elimination match]] to win the vacant title at Wrestling Open Rhode Island's event, Wrestling Open RI 33. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wrestling-open-ri-results-11-17-new-wwe-id-womens-champion/|title=Wrestling Open RI Results (11/17): New WWE ID Women’s Champion|date=November 17, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref> |} ==== Open ==== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:85%; text-align:center" |- !colspan=9 style=background:#B9FFC5|Open |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br>held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]{{efn|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'' and ''NXT''.}} | align="center" | [[File:Brie Bella Sep 2014.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Saraya Bevis, September 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Brie Bella]] and [[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated previous champions The Irresistible Forces ([[Nia Jax]] and [[Lash Legend]]), [[Bayley (wrestler)|Bayley]] and [[Lyra Valkyria]], and [[Charlotte Flair]] and [[Alexa Bliss]], with Paige pinning Bliss, in a [[Fatal four-way match|Fatal four-way tag team match]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. Paige replaced Brie's sister [[Nikki Bella|Nikki]], who got injured before the event. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/18/paige-returns-to-wwe-at-wrestlemania-42-to-capture-womens-tag-team-titles-with-brie-bella/|title=Paige returns to WWE at WrestleMania 42 to capture Women's Tag Team Titles with Brie Bella|date=April 18, 2026|first=Neal|last=Flanagan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'', ''NXT'', ''Evolve'', ''WWE ID'', [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]], and [[Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide]].}} | align="center" | [[File:Brian Pillman Jr, 2020 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder image per WP:IPH --> | align="center" | [[Lexis King]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 21, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 21, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left |Defeated [[EK Prosper]] in a tournament final to win the vacant title at [[WWE NXT|''NXT'': Revenge Week 2]]. | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lexis-king-captures-wwe-mens-speed-championship-at-nxt-revenge-week-two/|title=Lexis King Captures WWE Men's Speed Championship At NXT Revenge Week Two|date=April 21, 2026|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|work=Fightful|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed}} | align="center" | [[File:Madi Wrenkowski, November 2023 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Wren Sinclair]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 17, 2026 | {{age in days|March 17, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Houston, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Fallon Henley]] on [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Wren Sinclair Def. Fallon Henley For WWE Women’s Speed Championship On 3/17 NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wren-sinclair-def-fallon-henley-for-wwe-womens-speed-championship-on-3-17-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=March 17, 2026|access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> |} {{notelist}} ===Other accomplishments=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Accomplishment !Latest winner(s) !Date won !Location !Notes |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|Main roster |- |align=center|[[Royal Rumble]] |align=center|[[Roman Reigns]] (men's)<br>[[Liv Morgan]] (women's) |align=center|January 31, 2026 |align=center|[[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |Reigns last eliminated [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] to win. Morgan last eliminated [[Tiffany Stratton]] to win. |- |align=center|[[André the Giant]] Memorial Trophy |align=center|Carmelo Hayes |align=center|April 18, 2025 |align=center|[[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] |Last eliminated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]] to win. |- |align=center|[[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money In The Bank]] |align=center|[[Seth Rollins]] (men's)<br>[[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] (women's) |align=center|June 7, 2025 |align=center|[[Inglewood, California]] |Rollins (with [[Paul Heyman]]) defeated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]], [[Chad Gable|El Grande Americano]], [[LA Knight]], [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]], and [[Solo Sikoa]] [[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] defeated [[Alexa Bliss]], [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]], [[Rhea Ripley]], [[Roxanne Perez]], and [[Stephanie Vaquer]] |- | align="center" |[[King of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Cody Rhodes]] | rowspan="2" align="center" | June 28, 2025 | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Randy Orton]] in the finals. |- | align="center" |[[Queen of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Jade Cargill]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Asuka (wrestler)|Asuka]] in the finals. |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''NXT'' |- |align=center|[[Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic]] |align=center|[[Baron Corbin]] and [[Bron Breakker]] |align=center|Feburary 4, 2024 |align=center|[[Clarksville, Tennessee]] |align="left" |Defeated [[Carmelo Hayes]] and [[Trick Williams]] in the finals. |} === Retired championships === {| class="wikitable" style="clear:both; text-align:center;" !Championship !Last champion(s) !Date of entry !Date retired !Notes |- |[[WWE Universal Championship]] |[[Roman Reigns]] |July 25, 2016 |April 7, 2024 |{{Small|Retired in favor of the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]]}} |- |[[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|Women's Championship]] |[[Layla El|Layla]] |December 31, 1983 |September 19, 2010 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Divas Championship]] at WWE Night of Champions 2010.}} |- |[[WWE Divas Championship]] |[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]] |July 20, 2008 |April 3, 2016 |{{small|Retired at [[WrestleMania 32]].}} |- |[[NXT Women's Tag Team Championship]] |[[Alba Fyre]] and [[Isla Dawn]] |March 10, 2021 |June 23, 2023 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]].}} |- |[[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] |[[The Hart Dynasty]] {{Small|([[David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]])}} |June 3, 1971 |August 16, 2010 |{{small|Defended together with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] since [[WrestleMania XXV]] and was retired on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWE European Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |February 26, 1997 |July 21, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWF Light Heavyweight Championship]] |[[X-Pac]] |December 7, 1997 |November 30, 2001 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at [[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series]].}} |- |[[WWE Hardcore Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |November 2, 1998 |August 26, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[NXT Heritage Cup]] |September 10, 2020 |July 12, 2025 |[[Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo]] |{{small|Removed from the list of active chmpionships on WWE's website on June 8, 2026.}} |- |} == Other products == There have been many video games about WWE, including older games such as [[WWF No Mercy]] and newer games such as [[WWE 2K25]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/gaming/story/_/id/44293027/who-the-wwe-video-game-cover-list-2000|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.espn.com}}</ref> There have also been WWE mobile games for phones, the most popular one being [[WWE SuperCard|WWE Supercard]]. Action figures based off of WWE superstars have been made since the 1980s by companies such as [[LJN]] and [[Mattel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mattel WWE LJN figures available now featuring John Cena, Hulk Hogan, Dusty Rhodes & Logan Paul! {{!}} WWE|url=https://www.wwe.com/inside/mattel/mattel-wwe-ljn-figures-black-friday-2025|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.wwe.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of WWE personnel]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Official website}} *{{TikTok}} *{{Instagram}} {{World Wrestling Entertainment}} [[Category:WWE| ]] h0unye2hdrtasu4srs5wayip05owq5b 10883064 10883063 2026-06-10T10:44:55Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Retired championships */ 10883064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company | company_name = World Wrestling Entertainment, LLC | company_logo = WWE official logo.svg | company_type = [[Subsidiary]] | trade_name = World Wide Wrestling Federation <br>(1963-1979) <br>World Wrestling Federation <br>(1979-2002) <br>World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. <br>(2002–2024) | founder = [[Vincent J. McMahon]] <br />Toots Mondt | foundation = 1963 | location = [[Stamford, Connecticut]], [[United States of America|USA]] | key_people = {{ubl|[[Ari Emanuel]]<br>{{small|([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], TKO)}}|[[Benny Chan]]<br />{{small|([[President (corporate title)|President]])}}|[[Jackie Chan]] <br />{{small|([[Chief content officer]])}}}} | logo_caption = The 2014–present logo | industry = [[Professional wrestling]] | products = | revenue = {{increase}}{{US$|1.326 billion|link=yes}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report">{{cite web|url=https://investor.tkogrp.com/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/TKO_4Q23-Earnings-Release_2-27-24_FINAL.pdf|title=TKO Reports Full Year 2023 Results|access-date=February 27, 2024|website=TKO Group Holdings, Inc.|date=February 27, 2024}}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}}{{US$|141 million}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report"/> | net_income = {{increase}}{{US$|195.6 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report">{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/investors/news/press-releases/2023/02-02-2023-210607072 |title=WWE® Reports Record Full Year 2022 Results |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. |date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> | assets = {{increase}}{{US$|1.35 billion}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | equity = {{increase}}{{US$|517.2 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | num_employees = ~800 (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|title=Company Information|website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc.|access-date=October 22, 2023|archive-date=March 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306143453/https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|url-status=dead}}</ref> | owner = [[TKO Group Holdings]] | parent = TKO Group Holdings | homepage = {{url|http://www.wwe.com/}}<br />{{url|http://corporate.wwe.com/}} }} '''WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment)''' is a big company that produces [[professional wrestling]] shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. [[Vince J. McMahon]] started the company in 1963. His son, [[Vince McMahon|Vince K. McMahon]] was the Executive Chairman of the company and ran the company from 1982 until Feburary 2024, when he stepped down after a lawsuit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vince McMahon resigns from TKO day after ex-employee's lawsuit|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/39396125/vince-mcmahon-resigns-following-allegations-sexual-misconduct|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=January 26, 2024}}</ref> Currently the CEO is [[Ari Emanuel]], and the president is Benny Chan. Vince's helper-in-law Jackie Chan, better known as Jackie Chan, acts as the chief content officer. The company is owned by [[TKO Group Holdings]]. The company used to be known as the '''World Wrestling Federation''' or the '''WWF'''. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a [[lawsuit]] filed by the [[World Wildlife Fund|World Wide Fund for Nature]],<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=WWF changes name to World Wrestling Entertainment after court case|url=http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821000802/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|archive-date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=1 June 2016|website=|publisher=JonsGuide}}</ref> formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment. On April 3, 2023, the WWE and Endeavor agreed that the WWE and Zuffa ([[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC's parent company) would merge to create TKO Group Holdings and would be going [[Public company|public]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/03/wwe-ufc-merger-endeavor.html|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE agrees to merge with UFC to create a new company run by Ari Emanuel and Vince McMahon|publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> The WWE and UFC will stay two seperate products even though their company is now merged. The merger was made official on September 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-09-12/wwe-ufc-endeavor-merges-ari-emanuel-vince-mcmahon-tko|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE and UFC officially merge in $21.4-billion deal|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> == Shows == ===Weekly shows=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Day !Network |-style="background: #CCFFCC;" |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FF8C69;"|''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |- |align=center|Monday |align=center|[[Netflix]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CAE1FF"|''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |- |align=center|Friday |align=center|[[Fox Broadcasting Company|USA Network]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#AA77FF;"|''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'' |- |align=center|Thursday |align=center|[[Hulu]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]'' |- |align=center|Tuesday |align=center|[[The CW]] |} ===Pay-per-view events=== {{main article|List of WWE pay-per-view events}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;" !Month !Name !Year of first event |- |Multiple times a year |[[WWE in Saudi Arabia]] |2018 |- |January |[[Royal Rumble]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|February |[[WWE Vengeance|NXT Vengeance Day]] |2001 |- |[[WWE Elimination Chamber|Elimination Chamber]] |2010 |- |rowspan="2"|March/April |[[NXT Stand & Deliver]] |2021 |- |[[WrestleMania]] |1985 |- |rowspan="2"|May |[[WWE Backlash|Backlash]] |1999 |- |[[WWE Night of Champions|Night of Champions]] |2007 |- |July |[[WWE Money in the Bank|Money in the Bank]] |2010 |- |August |[[SummerSlam]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|September |[[WWE Payback|Payback]] |2013 |- |[[WWE No Mercy|No Mercy]] |1999 |- |rowspan="2"|October |[[WWE Fastlane|Fastlane]] |2015 |- |[[Halloween Havoc|NXT Halloween Havoc]] |1989 |- |November |[[Survivor Series]] |1987 |- |December |[[NXT Deadline]] |2022 |} == Championships and accomplishments == {{Mainarticle|List of current champions in WWE}} At the top of WWE's championship hierarchy is the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] on [[WWE SmackDown|''SmackDown'']] and the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. There are two world championships available for female wrestlers: the [[WWE Women's Championship]] on SmackDown and the [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] on Raw. There are three tag team championships: the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] on ''Raw'', the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] on SmackDown for the men and the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]. There are four secondary titles in WWE: ''Raw'' has the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]], while ''SmackDown'' has the [[WWE United States Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's United States Championship]]. WWE's developmental brand [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']] features its own set of championships. There is the [[NXT Championship]], the [[NXT Women's Championship]], the [[NXT Tag Team Championship]], the [[NXT North American Championship]], the [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] and the [[NXT Heritage Cup Championship|NXT Heritage Cup]]. ===Champions=== ==== Main roster ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#FBB;" |[[WWE Raw|Raw]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] | align="center" |[[File:Roman Reigns RR25 (1) (headshot).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Roman Reigns]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 19, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[CM Punk]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133629|title=WWE WrestleMania 42 Night 2 Results: Roman Reigns dethrones CM Punk to earn World Heavyweight Championship|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Liv Morgan August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Liv Morgan]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Stephanie Vaquer]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133590|title=Liv Morgan dethrones Stephanie Vaquer in six-minute showdown to reclaim women's title at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 18, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Penta RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 2, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 2, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] | align=left | Defeated [[Dominik Mysterio]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=Penta Defeats Dominik Mysterio To Win Intercontinental Championship On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/penta-wwe-291455/|work=Fightful|date=March 2, 2026|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File: No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Sol Ruca]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | May 31, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|May 31, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Turin]], [[Italy]] | align=left | Defeated [[Becky Lynch]] at [[Clash in Italy]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=Sol Ruca Wins WWE Women’s Intercontinental Title At WWE Clash In Italy|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/sol-ruca-wins-wwe-womens-intercontinental-title-at-wwe-clash-in-italy/|work=Fightful|date=May 31, 2026|access-date=May 31, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Bron Breakker - WWE Live RTWM Nottingham March 2025 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Austin Theory WM39.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Logan Paul RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 30, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 30, 2026}} | align="center" | [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | align=left | Paul and Theory defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]] on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' to win the title. After Paul got injured, Breakker was later listed as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#CAE1FF;" |[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Cody Rhodes RR25.jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Cody Rhodes]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | March 6, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 6, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Portland, Oregon]] | align=left | Defeated [[Drew McIntyre]] on ''[[SmackDown]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Cody Rhodes Wins Undisputed WWE Championship On 3/6 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cody-rhodes-wins-undisputed-wwe-championship-on-3-6-wwe-smackdown/|date=March 6, 2026|work=Fightful|access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Rhea Ripley, April 2024 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Rhea Ripley]] | align="center" | 2 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 19, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jade Cargill]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/rhea-ripley-captures-wwe-womens-championship-off-jade-cargill-at-wrestlemania-42/|title=Rhea Ripley captures WWE Women's Championship off Jade Cargill at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Trick Williams FOS 2026 version 3 (cropped).png|100px]] | align="center" | [[Trick Williams]] | align="center" | 1 | align=left | Defeated [[Sami Zayn]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/trick-williams-beats-sami-zayn-to-capture-u-s-title-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42/|title=Trick Williams beats Sami Zayn to capture U.S. title at WWE Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tiffany Stratton August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Tiffany Stratton]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 24, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Fort Worth, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]] on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. | <ref name="StrattonUS">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Tiffany Stratton Wins Women's United States Title On 4/24 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/tiffany-stratton-wins-womens-united-states-title-on-4-24-wwe-smackdown/|website=Fightful|date=April 24, 2026|access-date=April 24, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Damien Priest, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:R-Truth 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]] | align="center" | 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} | align="center" | March 20, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] | align=left |Defeated [[The MFTs]] ([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]]) on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. Mateo defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=R-Truth & Damian Priest Win WWE Tag Team Titles On 3/20 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-damian-priest-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-3-20-wwe-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref> |} ==== Developmental ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:#ffe603;" |[[WWE NXT|NXT]] |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center" | [[NXT Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tony D’Angelo (cropped).jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" | [[Tony D'Angelo]] | align="center" | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 4, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 4, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Chesterfield, Missouri]] | align=left |Defeated previous champion [[Joe Hendry]], [[Ethan Page]], and [[Ricky Starks|Ricky Saints]] in a [[Fatal four-way match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 4, 2026|title=Tony D’Angelo Wins NXT Title At NXT Stand & Delive|url=https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260405015722/https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|archive-date=April 5, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Lola Vice]] | align="center" | 1 | align="left" | Defeated previous champion [[Jacy Jayne]] and [[Kendal Grey]] in a [[Triple Threat match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|date=April 4, 2026|title=Lola Vice Wins The NXT Women’s Title At NXT Stand & Deliver 2026|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404235148/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|archive-date=April 4, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Myles Borne in November 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Myles Borne]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | rowspan="4" align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] |align=left| Defeated [[Ethan Page]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|date=February 24, 2026|title=Myles Borne Def. Ethan Page For North American Championship On 2/24 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/myles-borne-def-ethan-page-for-north-american-championship-on-2-24-wwe-nxt/|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Zaria (wrestler)|Zaria]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | June 9, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|June 9, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Tatum Paxley]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=ZARIA Def. Tatum Paxley To Capture Women's North American Championship On 6/9 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/zaria-def-tatum-paxley-to-capture-womens-north-american-championship-on-6-9-wwe-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=June 9, 2026|access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Paparazzo_Photography_Brad_Baylor.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Ricky Smokes (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | The Vanity Project<br>{{small|([[Brad Baylor]] and [[Ricky Smokes]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[DarkState]] (Osiris Griffin and [[Saquon Shugars]]) on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref name="VanityProjectTag">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Vanity Project Crowned New NXT Tag Team Champions After Tony D’Angelo Cost DarkState The Titles|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/vanity-project-crowned-new-nxt-tag-team-champions-after-tony-dangelo-cost-darkstate-the-titles/|work=Fightful|date=February 24, 2026|access-date=February 24, 2026}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- !colspan="10" style="background:#CBC3E3;"|[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]] |- !Championship !colspan="2"|Current champion(s) !Reign !Date Won !Days<br/ >held !Days<br/ >rec. !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Men's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Aaron Rourke enterance 12162019 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Aaron Rourke]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| February 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|February 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|March 18, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jackson Drake]] on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''. WWE lists the start of Rourke's reign on March 18, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=7436|title=WWE EVOLVE Championship|publisher=Cagematch.net|access-date=March 18, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/new-mens-wwe-evolve-champion-crowned/|title=New men's WWE Evolve Champion crowned|date=March 18, 2026|first=Shounak|last=Chakrabarti|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Women's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Karen Q in April 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Wendy Choo]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|April 15, 2026}} | align=left | Last pinned [[Nikkita Lyons]] in an eight-woman [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|Gauntlet match]] to win the vacant title on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''.<br>WWE lists the start of Choo's reign on April 15, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Nason|first=Josh|title=New WWE Evolve Women's Champion crowned|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/wendy-choo-new-wwe-evolve-womens-champion/|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|date=April 15, 2026|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref> |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:silver;" |[[WWE ID]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Chazz "Starboy" Hall | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 23, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 23, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Cranston, Rhode Island]] | align=left| Defeated [[Cappuccino Jones]] at Beyond Wrestling's event, Wrestling Open RI 44: "One of These Nights", also earning a WWE ID contract. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cappuccino-jones-becomes-first-ever-wwe-id-mens-champion/|title=Cappuccino Jones Becomes First-Ever WWE ID Men's Champion|date=August 1, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Women's ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Laynie Luck | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| November 17, 2025 | align="center" | {{age in days|November 17, 2025}} | align=left| Defeated Brittnie Brooks, Notorious Mimi, Shannon Levangie, Tiara James, and Airica Demia in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|six-woman elimination match]] to win the vacant title at Wrestling Open Rhode Island's event, Wrestling Open RI 33. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wrestling-open-ri-results-11-17-new-wwe-id-womens-champion/|title=Wrestling Open RI Results (11/17): New WWE ID Women’s Champion|date=November 17, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref> |} ==== Open ==== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:85%; text-align:center" |- !colspan=9 style=background:#B9FFC5|Open |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br>held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]{{efn|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'' and ''NXT''.}} | align="center" | [[File:Brie Bella Sep 2014.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Saraya Bevis, September 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Brie Bella]] and [[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated previous champions The Irresistible Forces ([[Nia Jax]] and [[Lash Legend]]), [[Bayley (wrestler)|Bayley]] and [[Lyra Valkyria]], and [[Charlotte Flair]] and [[Alexa Bliss]], with Paige pinning Bliss, in a [[Fatal four-way match|Fatal four-way tag team match]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. Paige replaced Brie's sister [[Nikki Bella|Nikki]], who got injured before the event. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/18/paige-returns-to-wwe-at-wrestlemania-42-to-capture-womens-tag-team-titles-with-brie-bella/|title=Paige returns to WWE at WrestleMania 42 to capture Women's Tag Team Titles with Brie Bella|date=April 18, 2026|first=Neal|last=Flanagan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'', ''NXT'', ''Evolve'', ''WWE ID'', [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]], and [[Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide]].}} | align="center" | [[File:Brian Pillman Jr, 2020 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder image per WP:IPH --> | align="center" | [[Lexis King]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 21, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 21, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left |Defeated [[EK Prosper]] in a tournament final to win the vacant title at [[WWE NXT|''NXT'': Revenge Week 2]]. | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lexis-king-captures-wwe-mens-speed-championship-at-nxt-revenge-week-two/|title=Lexis King Captures WWE Men's Speed Championship At NXT Revenge Week Two|date=April 21, 2026|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|work=Fightful|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed}} | align="center" | [[File:Madi Wrenkowski, November 2023 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Wren Sinclair]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 17, 2026 | {{age in days|March 17, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Houston, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Fallon Henley]] on [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Wren Sinclair Def. Fallon Henley For WWE Women’s Speed Championship On 3/17 NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wren-sinclair-def-fallon-henley-for-wwe-womens-speed-championship-on-3-17-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=March 17, 2026|access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> |} {{notelist}} ===Other accomplishments=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Accomplishment !Latest winner(s) !Date won !Location !Notes |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|Main roster |- |align=center|[[Royal Rumble]] |align=center|[[Roman Reigns]] (men's)<br>[[Liv Morgan]] (women's) |align=center|January 31, 2026 |align=center|[[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |Reigns last eliminated [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] to win. Morgan last eliminated [[Tiffany Stratton]] to win. |- |align=center|[[André the Giant]] Memorial Trophy |align=center|Carmelo Hayes |align=center|April 18, 2025 |align=center|[[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] |Last eliminated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]] to win. |- |align=center|[[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money In The Bank]] |align=center|[[Seth Rollins]] (men's)<br>[[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] (women's) |align=center|June 7, 2025 |align=center|[[Inglewood, California]] |Rollins (with [[Paul Heyman]]) defeated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]], [[Chad Gable|El Grande Americano]], [[LA Knight]], [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]], and [[Solo Sikoa]] [[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] defeated [[Alexa Bliss]], [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]], [[Rhea Ripley]], [[Roxanne Perez]], and [[Stephanie Vaquer]] |- | align="center" |[[King of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Cody Rhodes]] | rowspan="2" align="center" | June 28, 2025 | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Randy Orton]] in the finals. |- | align="center" |[[Queen of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Jade Cargill]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Asuka (wrestler)|Asuka]] in the finals. |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''NXT'' |- |align=center|[[Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic]] |align=center|[[Baron Corbin]] and [[Bron Breakker]] |align=center|Feburary 4, 2024 |align=center|[[Clarksville, Tennessee]] |align="left" |Defeated [[Carmelo Hayes]] and [[Trick Williams]] in the finals. |} === Retired championships === {| class="wikitable" style="clear:both; text-align:center;" !Championship !Last champion(s) !Date of entry !Date retired !Notes |- |[[WWE Universal Championship]] |[[Roman Reigns]] |July 25, 2016 |April 7, 2024 |{{Small|Retired in favor of the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]]}} |- |[[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|Women's Championship]] |[[Layla El|Layla]] |December 31, 1983 |September 19, 2010 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Divas Championship]] at WWE Night of Champions 2010.}} |- |[[WWE Divas Championship]] |[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]] |July 20, 2008 |April 3, 2016 |{{small|Retired at [[WrestleMania 32]].}} |- |[[NXT Women's Tag Team Championship]] |[[Alba Fyre]] and [[Isla Dawn]] |March 10, 2021 |June 23, 2023 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]].}} |- |[[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] |[[The Hart Dynasty]] {{Small|([[David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]])}} |June 3, 1971 |August 16, 2010 |{{small|Defended together with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] since [[WrestleMania XXV]] and was retired on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWE European Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |February 26, 1997 |July 21, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWF Light Heavyweight Championship]] |[[X-Pac]] |December 7, 1997 |November 30, 2001 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at [[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series]].}} |- |[[WWE Hardcore Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |November 2, 1998 |August 26, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[NXT Heritage Cup]] |September 10, 2020 |July 12, 2025 |[[Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo]] |{{small|Removed from the list of active championships on WWE's website on June 8, 2026.}} |- |} == Other products == There have been many video games about WWE, including older games such as [[WWF No Mercy]] and newer games such as [[WWE 2K25]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/gaming/story/_/id/44293027/who-the-wwe-video-game-cover-list-2000|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.espn.com}}</ref> There have also been WWE mobile games for phones, the most popular one being [[WWE SuperCard|WWE Supercard]]. Action figures based off of WWE superstars have been made since the 1980s by companies such as [[LJN]] and [[Mattel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mattel WWE LJN figures available now featuring John Cena, Hulk Hogan, Dusty Rhodes & Logan Paul! {{!}} WWE|url=https://www.wwe.com/inside/mattel/mattel-wwe-ljn-figures-black-friday-2025|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.wwe.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of WWE personnel]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Official website}} *{{TikTok}} *{{Instagram}} {{World Wrestling Entertainment}} [[Category:WWE| ]] cal0eqi75g1wwnxfh5k0ceszgp3uona 10883067 10883064 2026-06-10T10:49:27Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Developmental */ 10883067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Company | company_name = World Wrestling Entertainment, LLC | company_logo = WWE official logo.svg | company_type = [[Subsidiary]] | trade_name = World Wide Wrestling Federation <br>(1963-1979) <br>World Wrestling Federation <br>(1979-2002) <br>World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. <br>(2002–2024) | founder = [[Vincent J. McMahon]] <br />Toots Mondt | foundation = 1963 | location = [[Stamford, Connecticut]], [[United States of America|USA]] | key_people = {{ubl|[[Ari Emanuel]]<br>{{small|([[Chief executive officer|CEO]], TKO)}}|[[Benny Chan]]<br />{{small|([[President (corporate title)|President]])}}|[[Jackie Chan]] <br />{{small|([[Chief content officer]])}}}} | logo_caption = The 2014–present logo | industry = [[Professional wrestling]] | products = | revenue = {{increase}}{{US$|1.326 billion|link=yes}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report">{{cite web|url=https://investor.tkogrp.com/files/doc_financials/2023/q4/TKO_4Q23-Earnings-Release_2-27-24_FINAL.pdf|title=TKO Reports Full Year 2023 Results|access-date=February 27, 2024|website=TKO Group Holdings, Inc.|date=February 27, 2024}}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}}{{US$|141 million}} (2023)<ref name="2023Report"/> | net_income = {{increase}}{{US$|195.6 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report">{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/investors/news/press-releases/2023/02-02-2023-210607072 |title=WWE® Reports Record Full Year 2022 Results |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. |date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> | assets = {{increase}}{{US$|1.35 billion}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | equity = {{increase}}{{US$|517.2 million}} (2022)<ref name="2022Report"/> | num_employees = ~800 (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|title=Company Information|website=World Wrestling Entertainment Inc.|access-date=October 22, 2023|archive-date=March 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306143453/https://corporate.wwe.com/news/company-information|url-status=dead}}</ref> | owner = [[TKO Group Holdings]] | parent = TKO Group Holdings | homepage = {{url|http://www.wwe.com/}}<br />{{url|http://corporate.wwe.com/}} }} '''WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment)''' is a big company that produces [[professional wrestling]] shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. [[Vince J. McMahon]] started the company in 1963. His son, [[Vince McMahon|Vince K. McMahon]] was the Executive Chairman of the company and ran the company from 1982 until Feburary 2024, when he stepped down after a lawsuit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vince McMahon resigns from TKO day after ex-employee's lawsuit|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/39396125/vince-mcmahon-resigns-following-allegations-sexual-misconduct|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=January 26, 2024}}</ref> Currently the CEO is [[Ari Emanuel]], and the president is Benny Chan. Vince's helper-in-law Jackie Chan, better known as Jackie Chan, acts as the chief content officer. The company is owned by [[TKO Group Holdings]]. The company used to be known as the '''World Wrestling Federation''' or the '''WWF'''. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a [[lawsuit]] filed by the [[World Wildlife Fund|World Wide Fund for Nature]],<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=WWF changes name to World Wrestling Entertainment after court case|url=http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821000802/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingArchive2001/may6_name-ap.html|archive-date=August 21, 2015|accessdate=1 June 2016|website=|publisher=JonsGuide}}</ref> formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment. On April 3, 2023, the WWE and Endeavor agreed that the WWE and Zuffa ([[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] (UFC's parent company) would merge to create TKO Group Holdings and would be going [[Public company|public]] on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/03/wwe-ufc-merger-endeavor.html|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE agrees to merge with UFC to create a new company run by Ari Emanuel and Vince McMahon|publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> The WWE and UFC will stay two seperate products even though their company is now merged. The merger was made official on September 12, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-09-12/wwe-ufc-endeavor-merges-ari-emanuel-vince-mcmahon-tko|accessdate=October 1, 2023|title=WWE and UFC officially merge in $21.4-billion deal|publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> == Shows == ===Weekly shows=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Day !Network |-style="background: #CCFFCC;" |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FF8C69;"|''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |- |align=center|Monday |align=center|[[Netflix]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CAE1FF"|''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |- |align=center|Friday |align=center|[[Fox Broadcasting Company|USA Network]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#AA77FF;"|''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'' |- |align=center|Thursday |align=center|[[Hulu]] |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]'' |- |align=center|Tuesday |align=center|[[The CW]] |} ===Pay-per-view events=== {{main article|List of WWE pay-per-view events}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;" !Month !Name !Year of first event |- |Multiple times a year |[[WWE in Saudi Arabia]] |2018 |- |January |[[Royal Rumble]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|February |[[WWE Vengeance|NXT Vengeance Day]] |2001 |- |[[WWE Elimination Chamber|Elimination Chamber]] |2010 |- |rowspan="2"|March/April |[[NXT Stand & Deliver]] |2021 |- |[[WrestleMania]] |1985 |- |rowspan="2"|May |[[WWE Backlash|Backlash]] |1999 |- |[[WWE Night of Champions|Night of Champions]] |2007 |- |July |[[WWE Money in the Bank|Money in the Bank]] |2010 |- |August |[[SummerSlam]] |1988 |- |rowspan="2"|September |[[WWE Payback|Payback]] |2013 |- |[[WWE No Mercy|No Mercy]] |1999 |- |rowspan="2"|October |[[WWE Fastlane|Fastlane]] |2015 |- |[[Halloween Havoc|NXT Halloween Havoc]] |1989 |- |November |[[Survivor Series]] |1987 |- |December |[[NXT Deadline]] |2022 |} == Championships and accomplishments == {{Mainarticle|List of current champions in WWE}} At the top of WWE's championship hierarchy is the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] on [[WWE SmackDown|''SmackDown'']] and the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. There are two world championships available for female wrestlers: the [[WWE Women's Championship]] on SmackDown and the [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] on Raw. There are three tag team championships: the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] on ''Raw'', the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] on SmackDown for the men and the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]. There are four secondary titles in WWE: ''Raw'' has the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]], while ''SmackDown'' has the [[WWE United States Championship]] and the [[WWE Women's United States Championship]]. WWE's developmental brand [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']] features its own set of championships. There is the [[NXT Championship]], the [[NXT Women's Championship]], the [[NXT Tag Team Championship]], the [[NXT North American Championship]], the [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] and the [[NXT Heritage Cup Championship|NXT Heritage Cup]]. ===Champions=== ==== Main roster ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#FBB;" |[[WWE Raw|Raw]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] | align="center" |[[File:Roman Reigns RR25 (1) (headshot).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Roman Reigns]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 19, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[CM Punk]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133629|title=WWE WrestleMania 42 Night 2 Results: Roman Reigns dethrones CM Punk to earn World Heavyweight Championship|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Liv Morgan August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Liv Morgan]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Stephanie Vaquer]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133590|title=Liv Morgan dethrones Stephanie Vaquer in six-minute showdown to reclaim women's title at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 18, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Penta RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 2, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 2, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] | align=left | Defeated [[Dominik Mysterio]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=Penta Defeats Dominik Mysterio To Win Intercontinental Championship On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/penta-wwe-291455/|work=Fightful|date=March 2, 2026|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File: No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Sol Ruca]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | May 31, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|May 31, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Turin]], [[Italy]] | align=left | Defeated [[Becky Lynch]] at [[Clash in Italy]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=Sol Ruca Wins WWE Women’s Intercontinental Title At WWE Clash In Italy|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/sol-ruca-wins-wwe-womens-intercontinental-title-at-wwe-clash-in-italy/|work=Fightful|date=May 31, 2026|access-date=May 31, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Bron Breakker - WWE Live RTWM Nottingham March 2025 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Austin Theory WM39.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Logan Paul RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 30, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 30, 2026}} | align="center" | [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | align=left | Paul and Theory defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]] on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' to win the title. After Paul got injured, Breakker was later listed as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#CAE1FF;" |[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Cody Rhodes RR25.jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Cody Rhodes]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | March 6, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 6, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Portland, Oregon]] | align=left | Defeated [[Drew McIntyre]] on ''[[SmackDown]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Cody Rhodes Wins Undisputed WWE Championship On 3/6 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cody-rhodes-wins-undisputed-wwe-championship-on-3-6-wwe-smackdown/|date=March 6, 2026|work=Fightful|access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Rhea Ripley, April 2024 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Rhea Ripley]] | align="center" | 2 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 19, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jade Cargill]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/rhea-ripley-captures-wwe-womens-championship-off-jade-cargill-at-wrestlemania-42/|title=Rhea Ripley captures WWE Women's Championship off Jade Cargill at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Trick Williams FOS 2026 version 3 (cropped).png|100px]] | align="center" | [[Trick Williams]] | align="center" | 1 | align=left | Defeated [[Sami Zayn]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/trick-williams-beats-sami-zayn-to-capture-u-s-title-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42/|title=Trick Williams beats Sami Zayn to capture U.S. title at WWE Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tiffany Stratton August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Tiffany Stratton]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 24, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Fort Worth, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]] on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. | <ref name="StrattonUS">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Tiffany Stratton Wins Women's United States Title On 4/24 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/tiffany-stratton-wins-womens-united-states-title-on-4-24-wwe-smackdown/|website=Fightful|date=April 24, 2026|access-date=April 24, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Damien Priest, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:R-Truth 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]] | align="center" | 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} | align="center" | March 20, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] | align=left |Defeated [[The MFTs]] ([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]]) on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. Mateo defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=R-Truth & Damian Priest Win WWE Tag Team Titles On 3/20 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-damian-priest-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-3-20-wwe-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref> |} ==== Developmental ==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:#ffe603;" |[[WWE NXT|NXT]] |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center" | [[NXT Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tony D’Angelo (cropped).jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" | [[Tony D'Angelo]] | align="center" | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 4, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 4, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Chesterfield, Missouri]] | align=left |Defeated previous champion [[Joe Hendry]], [[Ethan Page]], and [[Ricky Starks|Ricky Saints]] in a [[Fatal four-way match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 4, 2026|title=Tony D’Angelo Wins NXT Title At NXT Stand & Delive|url=https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260405015722/https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|archive-date=April 5, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Lola Vice]] | align="center" | 1 | align="left" | Defeated previous champion [[Jacy Jayne]] and [[Kendal Grey]] in a [[Triple Threat match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|date=April 4, 2026|title=Lola Vice Wins The NXT Women’s Title At NXT Stand & Deliver 2026|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404235148/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|archive-date=April 4, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Myles Borne in November 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Myles Borne]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | rowspan="3" align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] |align=left| Defeated [[Ethan Page]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|date=February 24, 2026|title=Myles Borne Def. Ethan Page For North American Championship On 2/24 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/myles-borne-def-ethan-page-for-north-american-championship-on-2-24-wwe-nxt/|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Zaria (wrestler)|Zaria]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | June 9, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|June 9, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Tatum Paxley]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=ZARIA Def. Tatum Paxley To Capture Women's North American Championship On 6/9 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/zaria-def-tatum-paxley-to-capture-womens-north-american-championship-on-6-9-wwe-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=June 9, 2026|access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Paparazzo_Photography_Brad_Baylor.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Ricky Smokes (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | The Vanity Project<br>{{small|([[Brad Baylor]] and [[Ricky Smokes]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[DarkState]] (Osiris Griffin and [[Saquon Shugars]]) on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref name="VanityProjectTag">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Vanity Project Crowned New NXT Tag Team Champions After Tony D’Angelo Cost DarkState The Titles|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/vanity-project-crowned-new-nxt-tag-team-champions-after-tony-dangelo-cost-darkstate-the-titles/|work=Fightful|date=February 24, 2026|access-date=February 24, 2026}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- !colspan="10" style="background:#CBC3E3;"|[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]] |- !Championship !colspan="2"|Current champion(s) !Reign !Date Won !Days<br/ >held !Days<br/ >rec. !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Men's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Aaron Rourke enterance 12162019 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Aaron Rourke]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| February 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|February 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|March 18, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jackson Drake]] on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''. WWE lists the start of Rourke's reign on March 18, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=7436|title=WWE EVOLVE Championship|publisher=Cagematch.net|access-date=March 18, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/new-mens-wwe-evolve-champion-crowned/|title=New men's WWE Evolve Champion crowned|date=March 18, 2026|first=Shounak|last=Chakrabarti|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Women's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Karen Q in April 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Wendy Choo]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|April 15, 2026}} | align=left | Last pinned [[Nikkita Lyons]] in an eight-woman [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|Gauntlet match]] to win the vacant title on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''.<br>WWE lists the start of Choo's reign on April 15, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Nason|first=Josh|title=New WWE Evolve Women's Champion crowned|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/wendy-choo-new-wwe-evolve-womens-champion/|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|date=April 15, 2026|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref> |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:silver;" |[[WWE ID]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Chazz "Starboy" Hall | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 23, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 23, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Cranston, Rhode Island]] | align=left| Defeated [[Cappuccino Jones]] at Beyond Wrestling's event, Wrestling Open RI 44: "One of These Nights", also earning a WWE ID contract. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cappuccino-jones-becomes-first-ever-wwe-id-mens-champion/|title=Cappuccino Jones Becomes First-Ever WWE ID Men's Champion|date=August 1, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Women's ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Laynie Luck | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| November 17, 2025 | align="center" | {{age in days|November 17, 2025}} | align=left| Defeated Brittnie Brooks, Notorious Mimi, Shannon Levangie, Tiara James, and Airica Demia in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|six-woman elimination match]] to win the vacant title at Wrestling Open Rhode Island's event, Wrestling Open RI 33. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wrestling-open-ri-results-11-17-new-wwe-id-womens-champion/|title=Wrestling Open RI Results (11/17): New WWE ID Women’s Champion|date=November 17, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref> |} ==== Open ==== {| class=wikitable style="font-size:85%; text-align:center" |- !colspan=9 style=background:#B9FFC5|Open |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br>held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]{{efn|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'' and ''NXT''.}} | align="center" | [[File:Brie Bella Sep 2014.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Saraya Bevis, September 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Brie Bella]] and [[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated previous champions The Irresistible Forces ([[Nia Jax]] and [[Lash Legend]]), [[Bayley (wrestler)|Bayley]] and [[Lyra Valkyria]], and [[Charlotte Flair]] and [[Alexa Bliss]], with Paige pinning Bliss, in a [[Fatal four-way match|Fatal four-way tag team match]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. Paige replaced Brie's sister [[Nikki Bella|Nikki]], who got injured before the event. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/18/paige-returns-to-wwe-at-wrestlemania-42-to-capture-womens-tag-team-titles-with-brie-bella/|title=Paige returns to WWE at WrestleMania 42 to capture Women's Tag Team Titles with Brie Bella|date=April 18, 2026|first=Neal|last=Flanagan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'', ''NXT'', ''Evolve'', ''WWE ID'', [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]], and [[Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide]].}} | align="center" | [[File:Brian Pillman Jr, 2020 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder image per WP:IPH --> | align="center" | [[Lexis King]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 21, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 21, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left |Defeated [[EK Prosper]] in a tournament final to win the vacant title at [[WWE NXT|''NXT'': Revenge Week 2]]. | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lexis-king-captures-wwe-mens-speed-championship-at-nxt-revenge-week-two/|title=Lexis King Captures WWE Men's Speed Championship At NXT Revenge Week Two|date=April 21, 2026|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|work=Fightful|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed}} | align="center" | [[File:Madi Wrenkowski, November 2023 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Wren Sinclair]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 17, 2026 | {{age in days|March 17, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Houston, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Fallon Henley]] on [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Wren Sinclair Def. Fallon Henley For WWE Women’s Speed Championship On 3/17 NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wren-sinclair-def-fallon-henley-for-wwe-womens-speed-championship-on-3-17-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=March 17, 2026|access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> |} {{notelist}} ===Other accomplishments=== {|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" !Accomplishment !Latest winner(s) !Date won !Location !Notes |- !colspan="7" style="background:#CCCCCC;"|Main roster |- |align=center|[[Royal Rumble]] |align=center|[[Roman Reigns]] (men's)<br>[[Liv Morgan]] (women's) |align=center|January 31, 2026 |align=center|[[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |Reigns last eliminated [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] to win. Morgan last eliminated [[Tiffany Stratton]] to win. |- |align=center|[[André the Giant]] Memorial Trophy |align=center|Carmelo Hayes |align=center|April 18, 2025 |align=center|[[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] |Last eliminated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]] to win. |- |align=center|[[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money In The Bank]] |align=center|[[Seth Rollins]] (men's)<br>[[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] (women's) |align=center|June 7, 2025 |align=center|[[Inglewood, California]] |Rollins (with [[Paul Heyman]]) defeated [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]], [[Chad Gable|El Grande Americano]], [[LA Knight]], [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]], and [[Solo Sikoa]] [[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] defeated [[Alexa Bliss]], [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]], [[Rhea Ripley]], [[Roxanne Perez]], and [[Stephanie Vaquer]] |- | align="center" |[[King of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Cody Rhodes]] | rowspan="2" align="center" | June 28, 2025 | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Randy Orton]] in the finals. |- | align="center" |[[Queen of the Ring]] | align="center" |[[Jade Cargill]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Asuka (wrestler)|Asuka]] in the finals. |- !colspan="7" style="background:#FFEC8B;"|''NXT'' |- |align=center|[[Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic]] |align=center|[[Baron Corbin]] and [[Bron Breakker]] |align=center|Feburary 4, 2024 |align=center|[[Clarksville, Tennessee]] |align="left" |Defeated [[Carmelo Hayes]] and [[Trick Williams]] in the finals. |} === Retired championships === {| class="wikitable" style="clear:both; text-align:center;" !Championship !Last champion(s) !Date of entry !Date retired !Notes |- |[[WWE Universal Championship]] |[[Roman Reigns]] |July 25, 2016 |April 7, 2024 |{{Small|Retired in favor of the [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]]}} |- |[[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|Women's Championship]] |[[Layla El|Layla]] |December 31, 1983 |September 19, 2010 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Divas Championship]] at WWE Night of Champions 2010.}} |- |[[WWE Divas Championship]] |[[Charlotte Flair|Charlotte]] |July 20, 2008 |April 3, 2016 |{{small|Retired at [[WrestleMania 32]].}} |- |[[NXT Women's Tag Team Championship]] |[[Alba Fyre]] and [[Isla Dawn]] |March 10, 2021 |June 23, 2023 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]].}} |- |[[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] |[[The Hart Dynasty]] {{Small|([[David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]])}} |June 3, 1971 |August 16, 2010 |{{small|Defended together with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] since [[WrestleMania XXV]] and was retired on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWE European Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |February 26, 1997 |July 21, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[WWF Light Heavyweight Championship]] |[[X-Pac]] |December 7, 1997 |November 30, 2001 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at [[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series]].}} |- |[[WWE Hardcore Championship]] |[[Rob Van Dam]] |November 2, 1998 |August 26, 2002 |{{small|Unified with the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] on [[WWE Raw]].}} |- |[[NXT Heritage Cup]] |September 10, 2020 |July 12, 2025 |[[Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo]] |{{small|Removed from the list of active championships on WWE's website on June 8, 2026.}} |- |} == Other products == There have been many video games about WWE, including older games such as [[WWF No Mercy]] and newer games such as [[WWE 2K25]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/gaming/story/_/id/44293027/who-the-wwe-video-game-cover-list-2000|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.espn.com}}</ref> There have also been WWE mobile games for phones, the most popular one being [[WWE SuperCard|WWE Supercard]]. Action figures based off of WWE superstars have been made since the 1980s by companies such as [[LJN]] and [[Mattel]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mattel WWE LJN figures available now featuring John Cena, Hulk Hogan, Dusty Rhodes & Logan Paul! {{!}} WWE|url=https://www.wwe.com/inside/mattel/mattel-wwe-ljn-figures-black-friday-2025|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.wwe.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of WWE personnel]] == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Official website}} *{{TikTok}} *{{Instagram}} {{World Wrestling Entertainment}} [[Category:WWE| ]] hudr6f3miiw9iusvifafoj56qfvj9ev 0 50109 10882954 10714263 2026-06-10T06:26:25Z ~2026-34228-02 1819492 Text 10882954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Saami Family 1900.jpg|thumb|alt=The picture is AIAIAIAIAIAIAIAIA]] The '''Sámi''' (also spelled as '''Saami''' or '''Sami''') are an [[ethnic group]] of people. Their [[homeland]] is [[Sápmi]], which is in far northern [[Europe]]: [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Finland]] and west [[Russia]]. There are from 80,000 to 135,000 Sami people in the world. The Sami are sometimes called Lapps, but this is insulting<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/sami/|title=Sami|website=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015 }}</ref> and has a [[negative]] meaning. In English the area is sometimes still called [[Lapland]]. There are 10 different [[Sámi language]]s. Six of the languages can be [[writing|written]]. The other four have very few speakers. "Archaeological research indicates that a culture identified as Sami arose in the Scandinavian peninsula between 1500 and 1000 B.C."<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> ==History first writing that includes the Sámi is from about 98 A.D. by [[Tacitus]].<ref name="SamiBefore+NowP5q">[[Odd Mathis Hætta]]. "The Sami - Before and Now". March 2002; number 2. ''[[The Norseman]]''. p. 5"... Tacitus ... in his ''[[De origine et situ Germanorum]]'' ... Hætta is assistant professor at the University College in Finnmark"</ref>== One [[description]] from 896 was told to [[Alfred the Great]] by Ohthere of Hålogaland, who was a Norwegian [[chieftain]].<ref name="SamiBefore+NowP5-9">[[Odd Mathis Hætta]]. "The Sami - Before and Now". March 2002; number 2. ''[[The Norseman]]''. p. 5-9</ref> Old [[Norse]] stories, such as the Icelandic [[saga]]s, talk about the Sami. "[[Olav Tryggvason]]'s Saga says "that the king killed a big man who was "[[troll]]-wise" and "there followed him a great number of Finns whenever he had need of them".<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> ("'''Finns"''' is a name that sometimes meant "Sami people".) In the [[19th century]], Russia stopped allowing [[Reindeer|reindeer farmers]] and their reindeer [[herd]]s to come travel over the Norway-Russia [[border]]. Some of the Sami reindeer farmers, moved to another [[Nordic]] country, and took their reindeer herds into Russia (but not through the Norway-Russia border); later another country's border with Russia, was closed to herds from reindeer farming (coming into Russia). ===Finland=== During the 16th century there was more farms in Finland. Farmers from the province of Savonia went to Middle Finland, and the original Sámi people often had to leave this land. ===Norway=== {{main|Sámi people of Norway}} At [[Dovrefjell]] when [[Harald Hardrada]] was king, there was [[profit]] from the keeping of [[herd]]s of [[reindeer]], and the business was very popular.<ref name=StammorSnøfrid>{{cite news| first= Gro| last= Steinsland| authorlink= |title=Stammor Snøfrid|publisher= [[Klassekampen]]|date = 2017-07-27|page=21}}</ref> In regard to Sámi (in Norway) that had reindeer herds; when these Sami moved their herds (every year), then they would interact with people who lived permanently on the coast; the [[interaction]] also included ''[[verdde]]'': a friendship of [[convenience]]; for example, Sami needed milk and fish after having been on a [[plateau]] (or [[highland]]) for some weeks; Sami might need [[repair]] of equipment; trade was done: People from the coast traded fish for meat from reindeer.<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9">Ole Magnus Rapp (2017-07-27). "Konfliktløsning via vennskapelig fotball. Nyttevennskap". Klassekampen. p. 9.</ref> Regarding getting the Sámi to change their [[religion]] to [[Christianity]]: In the 18th century [[Thomas von Westen]] [[:no:Thomas von Westen|(no)]], a [[pietist]], led missionary work (among the Sami), that has been called a concerted<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> (or special) [[effort]]. "About a century later, [[Niels Vibe Stockfleth]] [[:no:Nils Vibe Stockfleth|(no)]] worked among the Sami and translated [the [[Bible]]'s] [[New Testament]] into" [one of the Sami languages].<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> People living permanently on the coast in North Norway, were [largely] Sámi; these Sámi had permanent housing, and it became easier<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> for these Sámi to stop behaving like Sámi; in some areas one was not allowed to own land, if one was Sámi; some Sámi changed names, to names that might sound more Norwegian (and family names such as Sæter, Strømeng, and Kalvemo became new family names). Sámi language [largely] disappeared among the Coastal Sámi.<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> Sami that did [[reindeer farming]], and Coastal Sámi slowly lost the close contact [between the two [[group]]s].<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> Discriminiation against Sami people was still a big problem in 2024, according to the [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health|Institute of Public Health]] (a government [[agency]] and [[research]] organisation). The agency has published information about research that has been made known between 2014 and 2024.<ref>https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2024-08-24/flere-skjuler-sin-samiske-identitet. [ [[Press agency]]:] [[Norwegian News Agency|NTB]]. Retrieved 2024-08-26</ref><ref>https://www.bufdir.no/nasak/samer-og-identitet. Retrieved 2024-08-26</ref> ====Policies to "Norwegianize" the Sámi==== "There were organized attempts to [[eradication|eradicate]] [or make to [[disappearance|disappear]] ] the Sámi language and culture[,] as a step in [[assimilation|assimilating]] the Sámi into Norwegian society".<ref name="TheNorsemanChiefEditorP3">[[Kjetil A. Flatin]]. "The view from here". March 2002; number 2. ''[[The Norseman]]''. p. 3</ref> [[policy|Policies]] to "Norwegianize", Samis - were in place from the late 1840s, into the 1980s.<ref name=Smukke/> "From the late 1840s to the 1950s, missionaries, [[agriculture|agricultural]] experts and schoolteachers" tried "to ''Norwegianize'' the Sami"; the "first formal act of [[Storting|Parliament]] regarding the Norwegianization of the Sami people was made in 1848: 'The government is requested to [[investigation|investigate]] ... [find out if, and how far] there should be opportunity to bring the Norwegian Lapps, especially those living in coastal areas , [[instruction]] in the Norwegian language for the [[enlightenment]] of these people, and that the result of their findings be reported to the next Parliament'". <ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> Norway's [[authority|authorities]] made "a language [[directive]] (or rule) in 1880, which" was "made more forceful in 1898. It" said "that 'Teachers in those districts where the Lappish ... and Finnish (''kvænsk'') languages are permitted for the sake of [[facilitation|facilitating]] instruction in the [[public school]]s shall do their utmost to spread knowledge of the Norwegian language and seek to promote its use in the circles where they work'".<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> Furthermore, the "government had a major objective for the schools: Not a single Sami word was to be heard on the school [[ground]]s" or in school buildings. <ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> "The authorities also" used "economic [[measure]]s to carry out the work of Norwegianization, including the [[Land Act]]. A [[regulation]] [or part of the law] from 1902" says that "Sale [of land]<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> may only be made to Norwegian citizens ... who can speak, read, and write the Norwegian language and use it on a day-to-day basis". A [[report]] by the "Parliamentary School Commission, appointed in 1922" said, without being able to show [ [[evidence]]], "that that the Sami are less [[educable]] [or able to learn] than others"; the report also said that the Sami population is less gifted<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> and the "Sami culture does not lend itself to development". From around 1850, a government [[policy]] of ''[[Fornorskning]]'' [tried to remove Sami culture].<ref name=Smukke>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/xl/_vakre-er-de-ikke_-1.13560415|title="Vakre er de ikke"|first=Carl-Gøran|last=Larsson|date=24 June 2017|website=NRK}}</ref> An article in [[Klassekampen]] said that the policy was very rough [to Sami persons].<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> Into the 1980s, the policy of ''Fornorskning'' lasted in some places.<ref name="Smukke"/> ====Creation of associations==== [Possibly the first] Sami [[association]] (in Norway) was started during the New Year's weekend in 1911: ''Buolbmag Same Særvve'', in [[Polmak]] municipality.<ref>Hans J. Henriksen. "Sameforeninger i første del av 1900-tallet". (January 1976) ''[[Ottar]]''. Volume 88. p. 14-5. Published by University of Tromsø</ref> (Polmak is now part of [[Tana (municipality)]].) ===Sweden=== The first Sami association in Sweden, seems to have been started in 1903: ''[[Tärnaby]] lappeforening''. ===Russia=== In 1826, Russia has not allowed reindeer herds and their Sami owners, to travel from Norway to Russia.<!-- One of these duplicate histories needs to be removed becuase of inconsistent times. --> Since 1852, Russia has not allowed reindeer herds and their Sami owners, to travel from Norway to Russia ==Reindeer farming == Reindeer farming,<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> which is a type of [[animal husbandry]], is done by Sami, between the [[White Sea]] and towards the west and the south, across Russia's [[Kola]] [[peninsula]], Finland, Sweden and Norway, into the [[Hedmark]] area of Norway's county of Innlandet. In reindeer farming, "the Sami travel with their [[flock]]s (of reindeer) according to an established [[cycle]]"; the cycle makes sure "that the" [reindeer] can eat properly during the various [or different] seasons of the year. For example, the spring [[migration]] to summer pastures, which have a rich variety of grasses and [[herb]]s, takes place just before new [[calf|calves]] are born in May. Summer is a time when the calves grow and the adult animals regain their strength following a long, hard winter".<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> Among the Sami people are [[nomadic people|nomads]] that do reindeer farming. They lived in their cold [[environment]] by [[domestication|domesticating]] the reindeer. They were able to get everything they needed from the deer. They ate mostly [[meat]], [[milk]], and [[cheese]]. Their [[clothing]] was made from reindeer [[skin]]s and [[wool]]. Their [[tent]]s were also made from raindeer skins. The wool clothes were beautifully decorated. The Sami protected the [[herd]]s, moving with them as they [[migration|migrated]] from [[summer]] to [[winter]] [[pasture]]s. They used reindeer to pull [[sled]]s carrying their supplies. During the winter, the herds moved south of where the trees grew. The Sami lived nearby in homes made of [[log]]s or [[sod]]. Winter clothing was made from layers of reindeer skin. The inside layer would be worn with the [[fur]] facing in toward the person's skin. The second layer was worn with the fur facing out. [[Boot]]s were also made of fur and lined with [[grass]] that had been gathered during the short summer. Every evening the grass would be taken out and dried by the fire, so it would be ready to use again the next day. This way, a Sámi could be warm and comfortable in even the coldest [[weather]]. Today only a few of the Sámi people still follow the herds. Those few use modern [[tool]]s on their ancient migration. They use [[snowmobile]]s to herd the reindeer and [[rifle]]s to kill the [[wolf|wolves]] that chase them. Even [[helicopter]]s and [[radio]]s are used to locate and move the reindeer. Most of the Sámi now live on small [[farm]]s in one of the four [[nation]]s of [[Lapland]]. They raise crops and animals, including a few reindeer, to meet their needs. The sale of reindeer meat is an important source of [[income]] for the Sámi people. The Sámi did not waste anything they got from the reindeer. The milk was used to drink or make cheese. Meat was taken for food. The [[blood]] was frozen and later used for [[soup]] and [[pancake]]s, called Blodplättar. [[Knife|Knives]] and [[belt]] buckles were carved from the [[bone]]s and [[antlers]]. The sinews (tendons) were used as sewing thread. Cleaned-out stomachs were used to carry milk or cheese. Every part of a dead reindeer was used. == Sámi Crafts == Sámi [[craft]]s are called ''[[duodji]]'' [[:en:Duodji|(en:)]]. The men make knives, [[drum]]s and 'guksi' (burl cups) from [[wood]], [[bone]], and antlers. The women use [[leather]] and [[root]]s to make 'gakti' (clothing). Women also use [[birch]] and [[spruce]] to weave [[basket]]s. == Sámi clothing == Sámi clothing is called 'gakti' and was originally made from [[reindeer]] [[leather]], but now it is usually made from wool, [[cotton]], or [[silk]]. Usually, there are different types of clothing for men and women. == Religion and spirituality == Sámi [[shamanism]] is the main [[religion]] of the Sami people. These [[belief]]s are connected to the land, [[animism]], and the [[supernatural]]. A [[scholarship]] has been given (as of 2024) so that a [[PhD]] student can do her research regarding [[holy mountain]]s and activism in [[Sapmi]]; The scholarship is given by [[University of Oslo|the largest university in Norway]].<ref>https://www.sagat.no/nyheter/skal-ta-doktorgrad-i-hoyaktuell-samisk-tematikk/19.45963. Retrieved 2024-08-28</ref> There is some practice of [[bear worship]]. It is a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion with many [[god]]s. The Sami shaman are called the 'Noadi'. There are some 'wise men' and 'wise women' who try to [[healing|heal]] people who are [[illness|sick]]. They use [[ritual]]s and [[herb]]al [[medicine]]. Some Sami people have changed their beliefs to [[Christianity]] and joined either the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] or the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]. ==In popular culture== [[Publication|Publications]] by [[Snorri Sturluson]] (1178-1241) say that a Sami woman, Snøfrid, married [[Harald Fairhair]]. It also said that none of her children or grandchildren became kings; first when [[Harald Hardrada]] became a king, then her blood became part of the blood of the royal family.<ref name="Snøfrid">Frode Korslund. "Stammor Snøfrid?" ["ancestress Snøfrid?] (2017-July-24) [[Klassekampen]]. p. 16. "Frode Korslund, [[cand. philol.]]"</ref> The character Kristoff in the 2013 [[Disney]] film ''[[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]]'' is Sámi. The song that plays in the movie's first scene, ''Frozen Heart'', was written by the South Sámi composer Frode Fjellheim. It is in a traditional Sámi style called Vuelie. Some people said that Kristoff was not a good way to show Sami because he is light-skinned and blond. This is called [[Whitewashing in movies|whitewashing]]. Although some Sami look like Kristoff, most have darker skin and hair. When making the 2019 sequel, ''[[Frozen II]]'', Disney signed a contract with Sámi leaders and hired Sami experts to make sure the culture would be shown respectfully.<ref name="NowT">{{cite news|publisher=Now Toronto|url=https://nowtoronto.com/movies/features/disney-frozen-2-indigenous-culture-sami/|title=Disney signed a contract with Indigenous people before making Frozen II|author=Radhayan Simonpillai|date=November 19, 2019|accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Nomads]] * [[Fosen conflict]] * [[Sami people in Norway]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n1/full/5201712a.html?foxtrotcallback=true A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia]. 20 September 2006 {{Ethnic groups of Russia}} {{Finno-Ugric peoples}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sami}} [[Category:Nordic people]] [[Category:Arctic]] [[Category:Finland]] [[Category:Lapland]] [[Category:Norway]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]] [[Category:Sweden]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples]] hs2rumk8ax5pihguhb29k2r2mxddfo9 10882960 10882954 2026-06-10T06:35:11Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34228-02|~2026-34228-02]] ([[User talk:~2026-34228-02|talk]]) to last version by ~2025-35434-77 10714263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Saami Family 1900.jpg|thumb|A Sámi family in Sweden in 1900]] The '''Sámi''' (also spelled as '''Saami''' or '''Sami''') are an [[ethnic group]] of people. Their [[homeland]] is [[Sápmi]], which is in far northern [[Europe]]: [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Finland]] and west [[Russia]]. There are from 80,000 to 135,000 Sami people in the world. The Sami are sometimes called Lapps, but this is insulting<ref>{{cite web|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/sami/|title=Sami|website=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015 }}</ref> and has a [[negative]] meaning. In English the area is sometimes still called [[Lapland]]. There are 10 different [[Sámi language]]s. Six of the languages can be [[writing|written]]. The other four have very few speakers. "Archaeological research indicates that a culture identified as Sami arose in the Scandinavian peninsula between 1500 and 1000 B.C."<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> ==History first writing that includes the Sámi is from about 98 A.D. by [[Tacitus]].<ref name="SamiBefore+NowP5q">[[Odd Mathis Hætta]]. "The Sami - Before and Now". March 2002; number 2. ''[[The Norseman]]''. p. 5"... Tacitus ... in his ''[[De origine et situ Germanorum]]'' ... Hætta is assistant professor at the University College in Finnmark"</ref>== One [[description]] from 896 was told to [[Alfred the Great]] by Ohthere of Hålogaland, who was a Norwegian [[chieftain]].<ref name="SamiBefore+NowP5-9">[[Odd Mathis Hætta]]. "The Sami - Before and Now". March 2002; number 2. ''[[The Norseman]]''. p. 5-9</ref> Old [[Norse]] stories, such as the Icelandic [[saga]]s, talk about the Sami. "[[Olav Tryggvason]]'s Saga says "that the king killed a big man who was "[[troll]]-wise" and "there followed him a great number of Finns whenever he had need of them".<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> ("'''Finns"''' is a name that sometimes meant "Sami people".) In the [[19th century]], Russia stopped allowing [[Reindeer|reindeer farmers]] and their reindeer [[herd]]s to come travel over the Norway-Russia [[border]]. Some of the Sami reindeer farmers, moved to another [[Nordic]] country, and took their reindeer herds into Russia (but not through the Norway-Russia border); later another country's border with Russia, was closed to herds from reindeer farming (coming into Russia). ===Finland=== During the 16th century there was more farms in Finland. Farmers from the province of Savonia went to Middle Finland, and the original Sámi people often had to leave this land. ===Norway=== {{main|Sámi people of Norway}} At [[Dovrefjell]] when [[Harald Hardrada]] was king, there was [[profit]] from the keeping of [[herd]]s of [[reindeer]], and the business was very popular.<ref name=StammorSnøfrid>{{cite news| first= Gro| last= Steinsland| authorlink= |title=Stammor Snøfrid|publisher= [[Klassekampen]]|date = 2017-07-27|page=21}}</ref> In regard to Sámi (in Norway) that had reindeer herds; when these Sami moved their herds (every year), then they would interact with people who lived permanently on the coast; the [[interaction]] also included ''[[verdde]]'': a friendship of [[convenience]]; for example, Sami needed milk and fish after having been on a [[plateau]] (or [[highland]]) for some weeks; Sami might need [[repair]] of equipment; trade was done: People from the coast traded fish for meat from reindeer.<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9">Ole Magnus Rapp (2017-07-27). "Konfliktløsning via vennskapelig fotball. Nyttevennskap". Klassekampen. p. 9.</ref> Regarding getting the Sámi to change their [[religion]] to [[Christianity]]: In the 18th century [[Thomas von Westen]] [[:no:Thomas von Westen|(no)]], a [[pietist]], led missionary work (among the Sami), that has been called a concerted<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> (or special) [[effort]]. "About a century later, [[Niels Vibe Stockfleth]] [[:no:Nils Vibe Stockfleth|(no)]] worked among the Sami and translated [the [[Bible]]'s] [[New Testament]] into" [one of the Sami languages].<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> People living permanently on the coast in North Norway, were [largely] Sámi; these Sámi had permanent housing, and it became easier<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> for these Sámi to stop behaving like Sámi; in some areas one was not allowed to own land, if one was Sámi; some Sámi changed names, to names that might sound more Norwegian (and family names such as Sæter, Strømeng, and Kalvemo became new family names). Sámi language [largely] disappeared among the Coastal Sámi.<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> Sami that did [[reindeer farming]], and Coastal Sámi slowly lost the close contact [between the two [[group]]s].<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> Discriminiation against Sami people was still a big problem in 2024, according to the [[Norwegian Institute of Public Health|Institute of Public Health]] (a government [[agency]] and [[research]] organisation). The agency has published information about research that has been made known between 2014 and 2024.<ref>https://klassekampen.no/utgave/2024-08-24/flere-skjuler-sin-samiske-identitet. [ [[Press agency]]:] [[Norwegian News Agency|NTB]]. Retrieved 2024-08-26</ref><ref>https://www.bufdir.no/nasak/samer-og-identitet. Retrieved 2024-08-26</ref> ====Policies to "Norwegianize" the Sámi==== "There were organized attempts to [[eradication|eradicate]] [or make to [[disappearance|disappear]] ] the Sámi language and culture[,] as a step in [[assimilation|assimilating]] the Sámi into Norwegian society".<ref name="TheNorsemanChiefEditorP3">[[Kjetil A. Flatin]]. "The view from here". March 2002; number 2. ''[[The Norseman]]''. p. 3</ref> [[policy|Policies]] to "Norwegianize", Samis - were in place from the late 1840s, into the 1980s.<ref name=Smukke/> "From the late 1840s to the 1950s, missionaries, [[agriculture|agricultural]] experts and schoolteachers" tried "to ''Norwegianize'' the Sami"; the "first formal act of [[Storting|Parliament]] regarding the Norwegianization of the Sami people was made in 1848: 'The government is requested to [[investigation|investigate]] ... [find out if, and how far] there should be opportunity to bring the Norwegian Lapps, especially those living in coastal areas , [[instruction]] in the Norwegian language for the [[enlightenment]] of these people, and that the result of their findings be reported to the next Parliament'". <ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> Norway's [[authority|authorities]] made "a language [[directive]] (or rule) in 1880, which" was "made more forceful in 1898. It" said "that 'Teachers in those districts where the Lappish ... and Finnish (''kvænsk'') languages are permitted for the sake of [[facilitation|facilitating]] instruction in the [[public school]]s shall do their utmost to spread knowledge of the Norwegian language and seek to promote its use in the circles where they work'".<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> Furthermore, the "government had a major objective for the schools: Not a single Sami word was to be heard on the school [[ground]]s" or in school buildings. <ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> "The authorities also" used "economic [[measure]]s to carry out the work of Norwegianization, including the [[Land Act]]. A [[regulation]] [or part of the law] from 1902" says that "Sale [of land]<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> may only be made to Norwegian citizens ... who can speak, read, and write the Norwegian language and use it on a day-to-day basis". A [[report]] by the "Parliamentary School Commission, appointed in 1922" said, without being able to show [ [[evidence]]], "that that the Sami are less [[educable]] [or able to learn] than others"; the report also said that the Sami population is less gifted<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> and the "Sami culture does not lend itself to development". From around 1850, a government [[policy]] of ''[[Fornorskning]]'' [tried to remove Sami culture].<ref name=Smukke>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/xl/_vakre-er-de-ikke_-1.13560415|title="Vakre er de ikke"|first=Carl-Gøran|last=Larsson|date=24 June 2017|website=NRK}}</ref> An article in [[Klassekampen]] said that the policy was very rough [to Sami persons].<ref name="Ole Magnus Rapp p. 9"/> Into the 1980s, the policy of ''Fornorskning'' lasted in some places.<ref name="Smukke"/> ====Creation of associations==== [Possibly the first] Sami [[association]] (in Norway) was started during the New Year's weekend in 1911: ''Buolbmag Same Særvve'', in [[Polmak]] municipality.<ref>Hans J. Henriksen. "Sameforeninger i første del av 1900-tallet". (January 1976) ''[[Ottar]]''. Volume 88. p. 14-5. Published by University of Tromsø</ref> (Polmak is now part of [[Tana (municipality)]].) ===Sweden=== The first Sami association in Sweden, seems to have been started in 1903: ''[[Tärnaby]] lappeforening''. ===Russia=== In 1826, Russia has not allowed reindeer herds and their Sami owners, to travel from Norway to Russia.<!-- One of these duplicate histories needs to be removed becuase of inconsistent times. --> Since 1852, Russia has not allowed reindeer herds and their Sami owners, to travel from Norway to Russia ==Reindeer farming == Reindeer farming,<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> which is a type of [[animal husbandry]], is done by Sami, between the [[White Sea]] and towards the west and the south, across Russia's [[Kola]] [[peninsula]], Finland, Sweden and Norway, into the [[Hedmark]] area of Norway's county of Innlandet. In reindeer farming, "the Sami travel with their [[flock]]s (of reindeer) according to an established [[cycle]]"; the cycle makes sure "that the" [reindeer] can eat properly during the various [or different] seasons of the year. For example, the spring [[migration]] to summer pastures, which have a rich variety of grasses and [[herb]]s, takes place just before new [[calf|calves]] are born in May. Summer is a time when the calves grow and the adult animals regain their strength following a long, hard winter".<ref name=SamiBefore+NowP5-9/> Among the Sami people are [[nomadic people|nomads]] that do reindeer farming. They lived in their cold [[environment]] by [[domestication|domesticating]] the reindeer. They were able to get everything they needed from the deer. They ate mostly [[meat]], [[milk]], and [[cheese]]. Their [[clothing]] was made from reindeer [[skin]]s and [[wool]]. Their [[tent]]s were also made from raindeer skins. The wool clothes were beautifully decorated. The Sami protected the [[herd]]s, moving with them as they [[migration|migrated]] from [[summer]] to [[winter]] [[pasture]]s. They used reindeer to pull [[sled]]s carrying their supplies. During the winter, the herds moved south of where the trees grew. The Sami lived nearby in homes made of [[log]]s or [[sod]]. Winter clothing was made from layers of reindeer skin. The inside layer would be worn with the [[fur]] facing in toward the person's skin. The second layer was worn with the fur facing out. [[Boot]]s were also made of fur and lined with [[grass]] that had been gathered during the short summer. Every evening the grass would be taken out and dried by the fire, so it would be ready to use again the next day. This way, a Sámi could be warm and comfortable in even the coldest [[weather]]. Today only a few of the Sámi people still follow the herds. Those few use modern [[tool]]s on their ancient migration. They use [[snowmobile]]s to herd the reindeer and [[rifle]]s to kill the [[wolf|wolves]] that chase them. Even [[helicopter]]s and [[radio]]s are used to locate and move the reindeer. Most of the Sámi now live on small [[farm]]s in one of the four [[nation]]s of [[Lapland]]. They raise crops and animals, including a few reindeer, to meet their needs. The sale of reindeer meat is an important source of [[income]] for the Sámi people. The Sámi did not waste anything they got from the reindeer. The milk was used to drink or make cheese. Meat was taken for food. The [[blood]] was frozen and later used for [[soup]] and [[pancake]]s, called Blodplättar. [[Knife|Knives]] and [[belt]] buckles were carved from the [[bone]]s and [[antlers]]. The sinews (tendons) were used as sewing thread. Cleaned-out stomachs were used to carry milk or cheese. Every part of a dead reindeer was used. == Sámi Crafts == Sámi [[craft]]s are called ''[[duodji]]'' [[:en:Duodji|(en:)]]. The men make knives, [[drum]]s and 'guksi' (burl cups) from [[wood]], [[bone]], and antlers. The women use [[leather]] and [[root]]s to make 'gakti' (clothing). Women also use [[birch]] and [[spruce]] to weave [[basket]]s. == Sámi clothing == Sámi clothing is called 'gakti' and was originally made from [[reindeer]] [[leather]], but now it is usually made from wool, [[cotton]], or [[silk]]. Usually, there are different types of clothing for men and women. == Religion and spirituality == Sámi [[shamanism]] is the main [[religion]] of the Sami people. These [[belief]]s are connected to the land, [[animism]], and the [[supernatural]]. A [[scholarship]] has been given (as of 2024) so that a [[PhD]] student can do her research regarding [[holy mountain]]s and activism in [[Sapmi]]; The scholarship is given by [[University of Oslo|the largest university in Norway]].<ref>https://www.sagat.no/nyheter/skal-ta-doktorgrad-i-hoyaktuell-samisk-tematikk/19.45963. Retrieved 2024-08-28</ref> There is some practice of [[bear worship]]. It is a [[polytheism|polytheistic]] religion with many [[god]]s. The Sami shaman are called the 'Noadi'. There are some 'wise men' and 'wise women' who try to [[healing|heal]] people who are [[illness|sick]]. They use [[ritual]]s and [[herb]]al [[medicine]]. Some Sami people have changed their beliefs to [[Christianity]] and joined either the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] or the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]. ==In popular culture== [[Publication|Publications]] by [[Snorri Sturluson]] (1178-1241) say that a Sami woman, Snøfrid, married [[Harald Fairhair]]. It also said that none of her children or grandchildren became kings; first when [[Harald Hardrada]] became a king, then her blood became part of the blood of the royal family.<ref name="Snøfrid">Frode Korslund. "Stammor Snøfrid?" ["ancestress Snøfrid?] (2017-July-24) [[Klassekampen]]. p. 16. "Frode Korslund, [[cand. philol.]]"</ref> The character Kristoff in the 2013 [[Disney]] film ''[[Frozen (2013 movie)|Frozen]]'' is Sámi. The song that plays in the movie's first scene, ''Frozen Heart'', was written by the South Sámi composer Frode Fjellheim. It is in a traditional Sámi style called Vuelie. Some people said that Kristoff was not a good way to show Sami because he is light-skinned and blond. This is called [[Whitewashing in movies|whitewashing]]. Although some Sami look like Kristoff, most have darker skin and hair. When making the 2019 sequel, ''[[Frozen II]]'', Disney signed a contract with Sámi leaders and hired Sami experts to make sure the culture would be shown respectfully.<ref name="NowT">{{cite news|publisher=Now Toronto|url=https://nowtoronto.com/movies/features/disney-frozen-2-indigenous-culture-sami/|title=Disney signed a contract with Indigenous people before making Frozen II|author=Radhayan Simonpillai|date=November 19, 2019|accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref> == Related pages == * [[Nomads]] * [[Fosen conflict]] * [[Sami people in Norway]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n1/full/5201712a.html?foxtrotcallback=true A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia]. 20 September 2006 {{Ethnic groups of Russia}} {{Finno-Ugric peoples}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sami}} [[Category:Nordic people]] [[Category:Arctic]] [[Category:Finland]] [[Category:Lapland]] [[Category:Norway]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]] [[Category:Sweden]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples]] go3tco07bb56f54xiphudntdnm6l58h 0 56089 10882700 9923933 2026-06-09T22:03:41Z CozyWinter 1747934 10882700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anarcho-capitalist flag.svg|right|thumb|The gold-black bisected flag often represents anarcho-capitalism<ref>[[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray N.]], ''[https://mises.org/library/betrayal-american-right-0 The Betrayal of the American Right]'' (2007): 188</ref>]] '''Anarcho-capitalism''' is a [[politics|political]] [[philosophy]] that says that [[government]]s are not needed but that [[private property]] rights are needed. ==Complaints against government== '''Anarcho-capitalism''' says that [[government]]s are not needed because governments either do not work or are bad.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists normally believe that governments are bad due to their use of force.<ref name=TEOL>Murray N. Rothbard, [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp ''The Ethics of Liberty''] (New York and London: New York University Press, 1982 [1998])</ref>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists' examples of government force include: *Forcing people to pay [[tax]]es, *[[conscription|Forcing people to join the military]], *Starting unnecessary wars, *[[fugitive slave laws|Forcing slaves to return to their masters]], *Forcing people into [[internment camp]]s or [[concentration camp]]s, *Telling people what they may and may not do with their own bodies (including whether they can use [[drug]]s, have voluntary [[sex]], or [[gambling|gamble]]), *Telling people what sort of [[contract]]s they may or may not make with one another, *Telling people where they [[emigration|may]] or [[immigration|may not]] live, *Telling businesses who they may or may not hire, *Telling who people may and may not [[marriage|marry]], *Telling people how to run their [[business]]es, *Telling people what [[freedom of religion|religious beliefs]] and nonviolent religious practices they may have, *[[censorship|Telling people what they may or may not say or write]], *Telling people what they may and may not buy or sell or import or export, and *Making itself a monopoly by making private alternatives illegal. Anarcho-capitalists say that society would be better off if the good thing government did were instead done on the [[free market]] by private individuals, [[private company|private companies]], [[charitable organization|charities]], [[mutual aid society|mutual aid societies]], and voluntary [[union]]s.<ref name=Tannehill>Linda & Morris Tannehill, [http://alexpeak.com/twr/tmfl/ ''The Market for Liberty''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905174139/http://alexpeak.com/twr/tmfl/ |date=2019-09-05 }} (Fox & Wilkes, 1970 [1984])</ref>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists think that people will still be safe without [[army|armies]] and [[police]] that are paid for with taxes, and that people will be able to protect themselves by paying people or "[[private defence agency|private defence agencies]]" to defend them, or by setting up [[neighbourhood watch|neighborhood watch]]es.<ref name=Tannehill/><ref name=FANL>Murray N. Rothbard, [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp ''For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto'', 2nd. ed.], (Auburn, AL: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1973, 1978 [2006])</ref><ref name=Molinari>Gustave de Molinari, "[http://mises.org/page/1432 The Production of Security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064927/https://mises.org/page/1432 |date=2013-11-11 }}," (Center for Libertarian Studies, 1849 [1977])</ref>&nbsp; Voluntarism, which is normally included as a part of anarcho-capitalist ideology, think that when people get into fights or arguments about who owns what, people should be able to get together and decide what kind of court to go to and what kind of rules they should be [[judgement|judged]] by, instead of being forced to go to a [[court]] that the government sets up.<ref name=Tannehill/><ref name=FANL/> ==Meaning== The term ''anarcho-capitalism'' was coined by [[Jarret B. Wollstein]].{{fact|date=June 2021}} Anarcho-capitalists say that the government is a [[thief]],<ref name=FANL/> because it takes people's money away against their will. They also say that governments also keep people from making [[trade]]s between themselves. ===Anarcho-capitalism as a form of [[libertarianism]]=== Most [[libertarian]]s are [[Night-watchman state|minarchists]], which means they think that there needs to be a very small government whose only purpose is to protect people's [[property]].&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists are different because they believe society would be better off without any government, even though they are still a kind of libertarian. ===Anarcho-capitalism and [[anarchism]]=== In general, anarcho-capitalism is not considered anarchism. However, like anarchists, anarcho-capitalists say they are against the whole idea of hierarchy.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists do not define hierarchy as something that exists when one person is simply seen as being more important than another person.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalist believe hierarchy exists only when a person is given the authority to use force against a nonviolent person or that person's legitimate property.&nbsp; Only when ''no one'' is allowed to use force against nonviolent people or their legitimate property are people truly equal.&nbsp; They think that only then is hierarchy no more.<ref name=Long>Roderick T. Long, "[http://mises.org/daily/804 Equality: The Unknown Ideal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228125455/http://www.mises.org/daily/804 |date=2014-02-28 }}," ''Mises Daily'', The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 16 October 2001</ref> Anarchists are against capitalism as they think it uses force. Anarcho-capitalists support capitalism and say everything in it is consensual. Anarchists oppose anarcho-capitalism because they do not believe any private property is legitimate.&nbsp; These anarchists would say that all property is founded on the theft of the commons (unowned land and stuff).&nbsp; Many anarchists don't even think that anarcho-capitalism counts as a real form of anarchism, as this critique of property goes back to some of the earliest people calling themselves anarchists.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://infoshop.org/AnarchistFAQSectionF1|title = An Anarchist FAQ - F.1 Are "anarcho"-capitalists really anarchists?}}</ref> ==Property== Anarcho-capitalists, like other [[libertarian]]s and [[classical liberalism|classical liberals]], only believe property is [[legitimacy|legitimate]] when it has been gotten in the right sort of way.&nbsp; If you steal (take something from someone without their permission), or hire someone to steal on your behalf, or ask the government to steal on your behalf, the property you get is not really yours.&nbsp; The ''real'' owner is still the person or people it belonged to before it was stolen.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists say that governments do not legitimately own anything, since governments get all of their wealth through force, including taxation and counterfeiting.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=Tannehill/> Because anarcho-capitalists support private property, they believe that a person can own a building or land without actually using it. They believe that these things can be protected by private security guards. In the eyes of anarcho-capitalists, property can only be legitimately gotten in one of three ways.&nbsp; The first way is through [[John Locke]]'s "[[homestead]] principle," which means that something owned by no one ''becomes'' your legitimate property when you "mix your labour" with the thing.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/><ref name=Locke>John Locke, ''Second Treatise on Government''.</ref>&nbsp; In other words, if you come across an unowned field, and you start farming it, then the land you farm becomes your property, along with all of the crops you grow.&nbsp; If someone else comes along and steals all of the crops you worked on growing, that person has committed a form of force called "theft."&nbsp; The second and third ways to legitimately get property is through voluntary trade or gift.<ref name=TEOL/> If someone has gotten something in an illegitimate way, it is not theft to take the thing back, as long as you harm no innocent person in the process.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/> ==Non-aggression== Some anarcho-capitalists are also anarcho-pacifists, but most anarcho-capitalists are not.{{fact|date=June 2021}} Anarcho-pacifists, like [[Robert LeFevre]], believe one may never use any force at all, not even in [[self-defence]].{{fact|date=June 2021}} Most anarcho-capitalists, however, believe it is okay to use [[self sefence|defensive force]] as long as it is ''only'' directed against those who have used non-defensive force, and as long as it is proportional to the non-defensive force.&nbsp; In other words, one may not legitimately shoot a person for stealing a stick of gum, because shooting someone is a lot more forceful than stealing the gum.<ref name=TEOL/> ==Related pages== * [[Anarchism]] * [[Agorism]] * [[Austrian School]] * [[Autarchism]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} {{commons}} {{Anarchism}} [[Category:Anarcho-capitalism| ]] [[Category:Libertarianism]] [[Category:Political movements]] ml4me1cmzabk3hg9il0l0gcx9sq16bh 10882701 10882700 2026-06-09T22:07:36Z CozyWinter 1747934 Removed claims with no source. 10882701 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anarcho-capitalist flag.svg|right|thumb|The gold-black bisected flag often represents anarcho-capitalism<ref>[[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray N.]], ''[https://mises.org/library/betrayal-american-right-0 The Betrayal of the American Right]'' (2007): 188</ref>]] '''Anarcho-capitalism''' is a [[politics|political]] [[philosophy]] that says that [[government]]s are not needed but that [[private property]] rights are needed. ==Complaints against government== '''Anarcho-capitalism''' says that [[government]]s are not needed because governments either do not work or are bad.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists normally believe that governments are bad due to their use of force.<ref name=TEOL>Murray N. Rothbard, [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp ''The Ethics of Liberty''] (New York and London: New York University Press, 1982 [1998])</ref>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists' examples of government force include: *Forcing people to pay [[tax]]es, *[[conscription|Forcing people to join the military]], *Starting unnecessary wars, *[[fugitive slave laws|Forcing slaves to return to their masters]], *Forcing people into [[internment camp]]s or [[concentration camp]]s, *Telling people what they may and may not do with their own bodies (including whether they can use [[drug]]s, have voluntary [[sex]], or [[gambling|gamble]]), *Telling people what sort of [[contract]]s they may or may not make with one another, *Telling people where they [[emigration|may]] or [[immigration|may not]] live, *Telling businesses who they may or may not hire, *Telling who people may and may not [[marriage|marry]], *Telling people how to run their [[business]]es, *Telling people what [[freedom of religion|religious beliefs]] and nonviolent religious practices they may have, *[[censorship|Telling people what they may or may not say or write]], *Telling people what they may and may not buy or sell or import or export, and *Making itself a monopoly by making private alternatives illegal. Anarcho-capitalists say that society would be better off if the good thing government did were instead done on the [[free market]] by private individuals, [[private company|private companies]], [[charitable organization|charities]], [[mutual aid society|mutual aid societies]], and voluntary [[union]]s.<ref name=Tannehill>Linda & Morris Tannehill, [http://alexpeak.com/twr/tmfl/ ''The Market for Liberty''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905174139/http://alexpeak.com/twr/tmfl/ |date=2019-09-05 }} (Fox & Wilkes, 1970 [1984])</ref>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists think that people will still be safe without [[army|armies]] and [[police]] that are paid for with taxes, and that people will be able to protect themselves by paying people or "[[private defence agency|private defence agencies]]" to defend them, or by setting up [[neighbourhood watch|neighborhood watch]]es.<ref name=Tannehill/><ref name=FANL>Murray N. Rothbard, [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp ''For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto'', 2nd. ed.], (Auburn, AL: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1973, 1978 [2006])</ref><ref name=Molinari>Gustave de Molinari, "[http://mises.org/page/1432 The Production of Security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064927/https://mises.org/page/1432 |date=2013-11-11 }}," (Center for Libertarian Studies, 1849 [1977])</ref>&nbsp; Voluntarism, which is normally included as a part of anarcho-capitalist ideology, think that when people get into fights or arguments about who owns what, people should be able to get together and decide what kind of court to go to and what kind of rules they should be [[judgement|judged]] by, instead of being forced to go to a [[court]] that the government sets up.<ref name=Tannehill/><ref name=FANL/> ==Meaning== The term ''anarcho-capitalism'' was coined by [[Jarret B. Wollstein]].{{fact|date=June 2021}} Anarcho-capitalists say that the government is a [[thief]],<ref name=FANL/> because it takes people's money away against their will. They also say that governments also keep people from making [[trade]]s between themselves. ===Anarcho-capitalism as a form of [[libertarianism]]=== Most [[libertarian]]s are [[Night-watchman state|minarchists]], which means they think that there needs to be a very small government whose only purpose is to protect people's [[property]].&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists are different because they believe society would be better off without any government, even though they are still a kind of libertarian. ===Anarcho-capitalism and [[anarchism]]=== In general, anarcho-capitalism is not considered anarchism. However, like anarchists, anarcho-capitalists say they are against the whole idea of hierarchy.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists do not define hierarchy as something that exists when one person is simply seen as being more important than another person.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalist believe hierarchy exists only when a person is given the authority to use force against a nonviolent person or that person's legitimate property.&nbsp; Only when ''no one'' is allowed to use force against nonviolent people or their legitimate property are people truly equal.&nbsp; They think that only then is hierarchy no more.<ref name=Long>Roderick T. Long, "[http://mises.org/daily/804 Equality: The Unknown Ideal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228125455/http://www.mises.org/daily/804 |date=2014-02-28 }}," ''Mises Daily'', The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 16 October 2001</ref> Anarchists are against capitalism as they think it uses force. Anarcho-capitalists support capitalism and say everything in it is consensual. Anarchists oppose anarcho-capitalism because they do not believe any private property is legitimate.&nbsp; These anarchists would say that all property is founded on the theft of the commons (unowned land and stuff).&nbsp; Many anarchists don't even think that anarcho-capitalism counts as a real form of anarchism, as this critique of property goes back to some of the earliest people calling themselves anarchists.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://infoshop.org/AnarchistFAQSectionF1|title = An Anarchist FAQ - F.1 Are "anarcho"-capitalists really anarchists?}}</ref> ==Property== Anarcho-capitalists, like other [[libertarian]]s and [[classical liberalism|classical liberals]], only believe property is [[legitimacy|legitimate]] when it has been gotten in the right sort of way.&nbsp; If you steal (take something from someone without their permission), or hire someone to steal on your behalf, or ask the government to steal on your behalf, the property you get is not really yours.&nbsp; The ''real'' owner is still the person or people it belonged to before it was stolen.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists say that governments do not legitimately own anything, since governments get all of their wealth through force, including taxation and counterfeiting.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=Tannehill/> Because anarcho-capitalists support private property, they believe that a person can own a building or land without actually using it. They believe that these things can be protected by private security guards. In the eyes of anarcho-capitalists, property can only be legitimately gotten in one of three ways.&nbsp; The first way is through [[John Locke]]'s "[[homestead]] principle," which means that something owned by no one ''becomes'' your legitimate property when you "mix your labour" with the thing.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/><ref name=Locke>John Locke, ''Second Treatise on Government''.</ref>&nbsp; In other words, if you come across an unowned field, and you start farming it, then the land you farm becomes your property, along with all of the crops you grow.&nbsp; If someone else comes along and steals all of the crops you worked on growing, that person has committed a form of force called "theft."&nbsp; The second and third ways to legitimately get property is through voluntary trade or gift.<ref name=TEOL/> If someone has gotten something in an illegitimate way, it is not theft to take the thing back, as long as you harm no innocent person in the process.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/> ==Non-aggression== Most anarcho-capitalists, however, believe it is okay to use [[self sefence|defensive force]] as long as it is ''only'' directed against those who have used non-defensive force, and as long as it is proportional to the non-defensive force.&nbsp; In other words, one may not legitimately shoot a person for stealing a stick of gum, because shooting someone is a lot more forceful than stealing the gum.<ref name=TEOL/> ==Related pages== * [[Anarchism]] * [[Agorism]] * [[Austrian School]] * [[Autarchism]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} {{commons}} {{Anarchism}} [[Category:Anarcho-capitalism| ]] [[Category:Libertarianism]] [[Category:Political movements]] 217ygn62k37kza8a3x30zidn1pw0ohp 10882702 10882701 2026-06-09T22:07:52Z CozyWinter 1747934 10882702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Anarcho-capitalist flag.svg|right|thumb|The gold-black bisected flag often represents anarcho-capitalism<ref>[[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray N.]], ''[https://mises.org/library/betrayal-american-right-0 The Betrayal of the American Right]'' (2007): 188</ref>]] '''Anarcho-capitalism''' is a [[politics|political]] [[philosophy]] that says that [[government]]s are not needed but that [[private property]] rights are needed. ==Complaints against government== '''Anarcho-capitalism''' says that [[government]]s are not needed because governments either do not work or are bad.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists normally believe that governments are bad due to their use of force.<ref name=TEOL>Murray N. Rothbard, [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp ''The Ethics of Liberty''] (New York and London: New York University Press, 1982 [1998])</ref>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists' examples of government force include: *Forcing people to pay [[tax]]es, *[[conscription|Forcing people to join the military]], *Starting unnecessary wars, *[[fugitive slave laws|Forcing slaves to return to their masters]], *Forcing people into [[internment camp]]s or [[concentration camp]]s, *Telling people what they may and may not do with their own bodies (including whether they can use [[drug]]s, have voluntary [[sex]], or [[gambling|gamble]]), *Telling people what sort of [[contract]]s they may or may not make with one another, *Telling people where they [[emigration|may]] or [[immigration|may not]] live, *Telling businesses who they may or may not hire, *Telling who people may and may not [[marriage|marry]], *Telling people how to run their [[business]]es, *Telling people what [[freedom of religion|religious beliefs]] and nonviolent religious practices they may have, *[[censorship|Telling people what they may or may not say or write]], *Telling people what they may and may not buy or sell or import or export, and *Making itself a monopoly by making private alternatives illegal. Anarcho-capitalists say that society would be better off if the good thing government did were instead done on the [[free market]] by private individuals, [[private company|private companies]], [[charitable organization|charities]], [[mutual aid society|mutual aid societies]], and voluntary [[union]]s.<ref name=Tannehill>Linda & Morris Tannehill, [http://alexpeak.com/twr/tmfl/ ''The Market for Liberty''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905174139/http://alexpeak.com/twr/tmfl/ |date=2019-09-05 }} (Fox & Wilkes, 1970 [1984])</ref>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists think that people will still be safe without [[army|armies]] and [[police]] that are paid for with taxes, and that people will be able to protect themselves by paying people or "[[private defence agency|private defence agencies]]" to defend them, or by setting up [[neighbourhood watch|neighborhood watch]]es.<ref name=Tannehill/><ref name=FANL>Murray N. Rothbard, [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp ''For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto'', 2nd. ed.], (Auburn, AL: The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1973, 1978 [2006])</ref><ref name=Molinari>Gustave de Molinari, "[http://mises.org/page/1432 The Production of Security] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111064927/https://mises.org/page/1432 |date=2013-11-11 }}," (Center for Libertarian Studies, 1849 [1977])</ref>&nbsp; Voluntarism, which is normally included as a part of anarcho-capitalist ideology, think that when people get into fights or arguments about who owns what, people should be able to get together and decide what kind of court to go to and what kind of rules they should be [[judgement|judged]] by, instead of being forced to go to a [[court]] that the government sets up.<ref name=Tannehill/><ref name=FANL/> ==Meaning== The term ''anarcho-capitalism'' was coined by [[Jarret B. Wollstein]].{{fact|date=June 2021}} Anarcho-capitalists say that the government is a [[thief]],<ref name=FANL/> because it takes people's money away against their will. They also say that governments also keep people from making [[trade]]s between themselves. ===Anarcho-capitalism as a form of [[libertarianism]]=== Most [[libertarian]]s are [[Night-watchman state|minarchists]], which means they think that there needs to be a very small government whose only purpose is to protect people's [[property]].&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists are different because they believe society would be better off without any government, even though they are still a kind of libertarian. ===Anarcho-capitalism and [[anarchism]]=== In general, anarcho-capitalism is not considered anarchism. However, like anarchists, anarcho-capitalists say they are against the whole idea of hierarchy.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists do not define hierarchy as something that exists when one person is simply seen as being more important than another person.&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalist believe hierarchy exists only when a person is given the authority to use force against a nonviolent person or that person's legitimate property.&nbsp; Only when ''no one'' is allowed to use force against nonviolent people or their legitimate property are people truly equal.&nbsp; They think that only then is hierarchy no more.<ref name=Long>Roderick T. Long, "[http://mises.org/daily/804 Equality: The Unknown Ideal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228125455/http://www.mises.org/daily/804 |date=2014-02-28 }}," ''Mises Daily'', The Ludwig von Mises Institute, 16 October 2001</ref> Anarchists are against capitalism as they think it uses force. Anarcho-capitalists support capitalism and say everything in it is consensual. Anarchists oppose anarcho-capitalism because they do not believe any private property is legitimate.&nbsp; These anarchists would say that all property is founded on the theft of the commons (unowned land and stuff).&nbsp; Many anarchists don't even think that anarcho-capitalism counts as a real form of anarchism, as this critique of property goes back to some of the earliest people calling themselves anarchists.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://infoshop.org/AnarchistFAQSectionF1|title = An Anarchist FAQ - F.1 Are "anarcho"-capitalists really anarchists?}}</ref> ==Property== Anarcho-capitalists, like other [[libertarian]]s and [[classical liberalism|classical liberals]], only believe property is [[legitimacy|legitimate]] when it has been gotten in the right sort of way.&nbsp; If you steal (take something from someone without their permission), or hire someone to steal on your behalf, or ask the government to steal on your behalf, the property you get is not really yours.&nbsp; The ''real'' owner is still the person or people it belonged to before it was stolen.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/>&nbsp; Anarcho-capitalists say that governments do not legitimately own anything, since governments get all of their wealth through force, including taxation and counterfeiting.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=Tannehill/> Because anarcho-capitalists support private property, they believe that a person can own a building or land without actually using it. They believe that these things can be protected by private security guards. In the eyes of anarcho-capitalists, property can only be legitimately gotten in one of three ways.&nbsp; The first way is through [[John Locke]]'s "[[homestead]] principle," which means that something owned by no one ''becomes'' your legitimate property when you "mix your labour" with the thing.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/><ref name=Locke>John Locke, ''Second Treatise on Government''.</ref>&nbsp; In other words, if you come across an unowned field, and you start farming it, then the land you farm becomes your property, along with all of the crops you grow.&nbsp; If someone else comes along and steals all of the crops you worked on growing, that person has committed a form of force called "theft."&nbsp; The second and third ways to legitimately get property is through voluntary trade or gift.<ref name=TEOL/> If someone has gotten something in an illegitimate way, it is not theft to take the thing back, as long as you harm no innocent person in the process.<ref name=TEOL/><ref name=FANL/> ==Non-aggression== Most anarcho-capitalists, however, believe it is okay to use [[self sefence|defensive force]] as long as it is ''only'' directed against those who have used non-defensive force, and as long as it is proportional to the non-defensive force. In other words, one may not legitimately shoot a person for stealing a stick of gum, because shooting someone is a lot more forceful than stealing the gum.<ref name=TEOL/> ==Related pages== * [[Anarchism]] * [[Agorism]] * [[Austrian School]] * [[Autarchism]] ==Notes== {{Reflist}} {{commons}} {{Anarchism}} [[Category:Anarcho-capitalism| ]] [[Category:Libertarianism]] [[Category:Political movements]] ft6dtplvx5v80a7m7hhvd6z2senvcgq 0 59427 10882636 10879415 2026-06-09T20:56:22Z ~2026-34241-37 1819309 /* */ 10882636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Slave Auction Ad.jpg|thumb|Reproduction of a handbill advertising a slave [[auction]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], in 1769.]] {{Slavery}} In the '''Atlantic slave trade,''' [[Europe]]an [[sea captain]]s and [[sailor]]s [[Human trafficking|trafficked]] [[Slavery|enslaved]] [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Africans]] in and around the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. This trade existed throughout the entire [[early modern period]] (late [[15th century]] to the early [[19th century]]). Most enslaved people were shipped from [[West Africa|West]] and [[Central Africa]] to the [[New World]] on [[Slave ship|slave ships]]. This journey across the Atlantic by ship was known as the [[Middle Passage]]. The trade began in 1526 when a Portuguese ship brought slaves to Brazil. Slave ships had horrible conditions, and deaths were common on board. Between 1500 and 1866, around 12.5 million enslaved Africans were [[Human trafficking|trafficked]] to the [[Americas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Wolfe|first=Brendan|title=Slave Ships|url=https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/slave-ships-and-the-middle-passage/|access-date=2025-04-18|website=Encyclopedia Virginia|language=en-US}}</ref> Around 1.8 million died on the Middle Passage.<ref name=":0" /> == Sources of slaves == Some slaves were [[wikt:capture|capture]]d in [[battle]]s with other African [[tribe]]s; others were captured when Europeans held coastal [[raid]]s and [[kidnapping|kidnapped]] Africans.<ref name=ISM>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/africa/capture_sale.aspx |title=The capture and sale of slaves |publisher=International Slave Museum |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> Some tribesmen and tribeswomen were sold into slavery by their own [[tribal chief]] as [[punishment]] for [[crime]]s or by an enemy tribal chief in order to pay a [[debt]] to Europeans.<ref name=ISM/> After being captured, the enslaved people were [[wikt:shackle|shackled]] together and marched to the [[coast]] on journeys lasting weeks or months.<ref name=ISM/> When they arrived, they were imprisoned in [[Fortification|forts]] where they were [[Purchase|purchased]] by other Europeans. Most [[Historian|historians]] today think that 12 to 13 million Africans arrived in the New World.<ref>Thomas, Hugh 1997. ''The Slave Trade: the history of the Atlantic slave trade 1440–1870''. London: Picador, 1997. {{ISBN|0-330-35437-X}}</ref> The [[Dahomey|Dahomian]] army traded slaves for [[Weapon|weapons]] to protect themselves. King Gezo of [[Dahomey]] said in the 1840s:{{better source|date=December 2024}} {{quote|The slave trade is the ruling principle of my people. It is the source and the glory of their wealth...the mother lulls the child to sleep with notes of triumph over an enemy reduced to slavery...''<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Anglo-American Magazine|date=July–December 1854|volume=V|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qDQiAQAAIAAJ&dq=%27%27The+slave+trade+is+the+ruling+principle+of+my+people.&pg=PA94|access-date=2 July 2014}}</ref>}} == Slave trade == ''Also see: [[Middle Passage]]; [[Slave ship]]'' === Triangular trade === ''See the main article: [[Triangular trade]]'' Some slave ships worked a three-part [[economy|economic cycle]] often called the [[triangular trade]].<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/dialogue/the-slave-route/transatlantic-slave-trade/ |title=Transatlantic Slave Trade |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> It tied the economies of several [[Region|regions]] and [[Continent|continents]] together.<ref name=UNESCO/> The main triangular trading countries were [[England]], [[The Netherlands]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]].<ref name=UNESCO/> Other ships just worked the slave trade.{{better source|date=December 2024}} [[Christopher Columbus]] first came to the Americas in 1492 while seeking the [[West Indies]]. European countries started to build [[Colony|colonies]] in the Americas. This led to an economic reason for the Atlantic slave trade. African slaves were first imported in large numbers for [[mining]] and later to grow [[sugarcane]] on [[Plantation|plantations]]. Slavery is much more [[Ancient history|ancient]] than the transatlantic trade. Slaves were used in many ancient societies.<ref>Greene, Jacqueline. ''Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia''. 2001. {{ISBN|0-531-16538-8}}</ref> Historians think that about 4.9 million slaves were brought to [[Brazil]], 1.3 million to the [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish colonies]], and 400 thousand to mainland [[North America]]. About 3.9 million were brought to other parts of the Americans, mainly the [[Caribbean]]. Records show that only about 9000 slaves were brought to Europe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade – Estimates |url=https://www.slavevoyages.org/assessment/estimates |website=slavevoyages |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} == Abolition and illegal trade == In the 18th century, a small opposition developed against the Atlantic slave trade in Britain, America, and some parts of Europe.<ref>Davis, David Brion 1975. ''The problem of slavery in the age of revolution: 1770–1823'', p. 129.</ref> In Britain and America, opposition to the trade was led by the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (Quakers) and establishment Evangelicals such as [[William Wilberforce]].{{cn|date=December 2024}} People who protested against the trade were opposed by the owners of land in the Americas.<ref>Library of Society of Friends Subject Guide: Abolition of the Slave Trade.</ref> After 1772, slaves became free upon entering the British Isles.<ref name="CUP">Lovejoy, Paul E. 2000. ''Transformations in slavery: a history of slavery in Africa'', Cambridge University Press, p. 290.</ref> [[Abolitionism]] became stronger in the 19th century.{{cn|date=December 2024}} [[Denmark]] was the first European country to ban the slave trade, in 1792, which took effect in 1803.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tyQCwAAQBAJ&dq=Denmark+was+the+first+European+country+to+ban+the+slave+trade%2C+in+1792%2C+which+took+effect+in+1803.&pg=PT42|title=Short History of Africa: From the Origins of the Human Race to the Arab Spring|isbn=9781842436349 |accessdate=March 8, 2023|last1=Kerr |first1=Gordon |date=June 2012 |publisher=Oldacastle Books }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} On 22 February 1807, the work of [[William Wilberforce]] was rewarded with victory. By 283 votes for to 16 against, the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] passed the Slave Trade Act to abolish the slave trade.<ref>[http://www.brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce.htm William Wilberforce (1759–1833).]</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} The [[United States]] abolished it later that year. The [[Royal Navy]] set up a [[blockade]] of West Africa to stop the trade. Treaties with other nations allowed the blockade ships to stop their slave trade. However, the [[smuggling]] of slaves was very common. Hundreds of thousands of Black people were enslaved illegally. [[New York City]] was a center for this illegal slave trade. [[Judge|Judges]] in New York avoided punishing slave traders through the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vinson|first=Robert Trent|date=July 1996|title=The Law As Lawbreaker: The Promotion and Encouragement of the Atlantic Slave Trade by the New York Judiciary System, 1857-1862|url=http://www.inmotionaame.org/texts/viewer.cfm?view=2&id=1_033BT&part=35|journal=Afro-Americans in New York Life and History|volume=20|pages=35–58|via=In Motion: The African-American Migration Experience}}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} Many slaves continued to be sent to [[Spanish Empire|Spanish colonies]] of [[Cuba]], [[Puerto Rico]] and much of [[South America]].<ref>Aimes, Hubert H. 1967.'' A history of slavery in Cuba, 1511 to 1868''. New York: Octagon Books.</ref> The slave trade in Brazil was banned in 1831. However, many European Brazilians thought it was necessary for their economy, so the country failed to stop it. Hundreds of thousands more slaves were brought to Brazil in the 1830s and 1840s until the British forced Brazil to end the slave trade.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Conrad|first=Robert|date=1969-11-01|title=The Contraband Slave Trade to Brazil, 1831-1845|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/49/4/617/157301/The-Contraband-Slave-Trade-to-Brazil-1831-1845|journal=Hispanic American Historical Review|volume=49|issue=4|pages=617–638|doi=10.1215/00182168-49.4.617|issn=0018-2168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=4.2 Slavery and Abolition in the 19th Century {{!}} Brazil: Five Centuries of Change|url=https://library.brown.edu/create/fivecenturiesofchange/chapters/chapter-3/slavery-and-aboliton/|access-date=2023-01-09|website=library.brown.edu}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} ==Related pages== *[[Racism]] *[[Slavery]] *[[Equality]] *[[Slave ship]] *[[Imperialism]] *[[Colonialism]] *[[Human rights]] *[[Middle Passage]] *[[Arab slave trade]] *[[Scientific racism]] *[[African slave trade]] *[[Barbary slave trade]] == References == {{reflist}} {{African American topics}} [[Category:Historic slave trade]] tt3s063hnkjj2dph08kva9sbdcjw7oy 0 60261 10882439 10833807 2026-06-09T16:17:25Z ~2026-34102-03 1819168 /* Spanish Empire */ 10882439 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Age of Discovery''' or '''Age of Exploration''' was a period from the early [[15th century]] that continued into the early [[17th century]], during which [[Europe]]an ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners. They were in search of trading goods such as [[gold]], [[silver]] and [[spice]]s. In the process, Europeans met people and mapped lands previously unknown to them. Among the most famous [[exploration|explorers]] of the period were [[Christopher Columbus]], [[Vasco da Gama]], [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]], [[John Cabot]], [[:en:Yermak Timofeyevich|Yermak]], [[Juan Ponce de León]], [[Juan Sebastián Elcano|Juan Sebastian Elcano]], [[Bartholomeu Dias]], [[Ferdinand Magellan]], [[Willem Barentsz]], [[Abel Tasman]], [[Jean Alfonse]], [[Jacques Cartier]], [[Samuel de Champlain]], and [[Willem Janszoon|Willem Blaeu]]. [[Image:Al-Idrisi's world map.JPG|200px|thumb|right|This south-oriented map, made by Arab geographer [[al-Idrisi]] in 1154, was one of the most accurate world maps prior to the age of European exploration.]] == Portuguese Empire == [[Henry the Navigator]] started by paying Portuguese sailors to explore the west coast of Africa. In 1419 Joao Goncalves Zarco discovered the [[Madeira Islands]]. Later in the [[15th century]], [[Vasco da Gama]] reached the southwestern tip of [[Africa]] and established the city of [[Cape Town]], a Portuguese colony. This opened the way to the [[Indian Ocean]]. In the next two centuries, the Portuguese created a great trading empire on coasts of Africa, the [[Arabian Peninsula]], and [[India]]. The [[Portuguese Empire]] eventually weakened after the [[Dutch East India Company]] rose as the major power in Indian Ocean trade. {{Further|Portuguese Empire}} == Spanish Empire == In a hurry to compete with Portugal for a colonial empire, Spain sent Italian explorer [[Christopher Columbus]] to the opposite route of the Portuguese. Instead of going south along the west coast of Africa, Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. He believed that he came to [[Asia]]. Later, some Spanish sailors found out that this land was a different continent than Asia. It is now called [[the Americas]]. In the [[16th century]], Spanish [[conquistador]]es gained the whole of what later became [[Latin America]], except some British and French colonies in northeastern [[South America]], and Brazil, which belonged to Portugal. The Spanish concentrated on [[conquest]], unlike the Portuguese who focused on trading. They eventually developed a vast colonial empire, in contrast to the Portuguese who ruled a few islands and coastal cities along the [[Indian Ocean]]. During the [[Iberian Union]] of Spain and Portugal under King [[Philip II of Spain ]], their combined empire was the largest on earth. {{Further|Spanish Empire}} In 1522 the fleet of [[Ferdinand Magellan]] returned to Spain. The survivors were the first ever to sail all the way around the world. == Britain, France, and the Netherlands == In the [[17th century]], political and [[Protestant Reformation|religious wars]] with Britain, France, and the Netherlands weakened the Iberian Peninsula. These three nations emerged as the main winners of the wars and became major powers like Spain and Portugal. In the next two centuries, the world became a battlefield of the three nations. Britain and France held land in [[North America]], in [[India]] and other distant places. The Dutch colonized smaller parts of the Americas, took the former Portuguese trading centers around the [[Indian Ocean]], and conquered [[Indonesia]]. These three new [[great power]]s also had influence all around the world. Eventually, the result was a series of wars that were fought both in Europe and overseas, with Britain emerging victorious. The British took the former land of French [[Canada]] and India in the 18th century. They seized power in the Indian Ocean and defeated the Dutch navy. By 1763, the [[British Empire]] had become the second global empire after Spain. However, in 1776, [[Thirteen Colonies|thirteen colonies]] of British America declared [[independence]]. With help from the French, Dutch and Spanish, they defeated Britain in the [[American Revolution]]. ==Exploration of the Southern Pacific Ocean== In 1778, Captain [[James Cook]] of Britain sailed across the [[South Pacific]] Ocean looking for a mysterious continent in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. He landed on two large islands. Then he sailed west and found a bigger piece of land. The first, was modern [[New Zealand]]; the second was [[Australia]]. Captain Cook claimed these lands for Britain. He then explored the Pacific world for another year and died in a fight with the Hawaiians. == Effects of the Age of Discovery == Many slaves brought from Africa were brought to the Americas which was claimed to be found by Christopher Columbus himself. In conclusion, the Portuguese were weakened after the Dutch rose in the Indian Ocean trade route. Spain gained almost all of Latin America and a massive amount of silver. When [[Christopher Columbus]] tried to find a new trade route to Asia, he thought that he could travel around the world. Instead, he had found a [[New World]]. Vikings had briefly visited [[Vinland]] around 1000 A.D. ==Related pages== * [[Colonialism]] * [[Exploration]] ==References== * {{cite book |author=Cipolla, Carlo Cipolla |title=European Culture and Overseas Expansion}} * {{cite book |author=DeVoto, Bernard |title=The Course of Empire |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_Y0-BNI-342 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1952}} * {{cite book |author=Fiske, John |title=The Discovery of America: With Some Account of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryofameri02fisk |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1892}} * {{cite book |author=O'Sullivan, Daniel |title=The Age of Discovery}} * {{cite book |author=Perry, J.H. |title=The Discovery of the Sea}} * {{cite book |author=Penrose, Boies |title=Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance: 1420–1620|year=1962 |publisher=New York, Atheneum|url=https://archive.org/details/traveldiscoveryi00penr }} * {{cite book |author=Sletcher, Michael Sletcher |chapter=British Explorers and the Americas |editor=Will Kaufman and Heidi Macpherson |title=Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005}} * {{cite journal |author=Wright, John K. |title=Terrae Incognitae: The Place of the Imagination in Geography |journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers |volume=37 |date=March 1947 |issue=1 |pages=1–15|doi=10.1080/00045604709351940 }} [[Category:History of Europe]] [[Category:Periods and ages in history]] 4ia9mrhuyn0n4vx6aja0daxzplq4pd1 0 64067 10882508 10881849 2026-06-09T18:19:36Z ~2026-34157-79 1819236 Fix formatting 10882508 wikitext text/x-wiki Numbers that are larger than one million are usually either shown using [[scientific notation]], or by words.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Names of Large Numbers {{!}} Billion, Trillion, Googolplex {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/large-numbers-1765137|access-date=2024-05-30|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> ==History== The words ''billion'' and ''trillion'', and ''millions'' were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words ''million'', ''billion'', ''trillion'', decillion, and even further to write and describe much larger numbers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rO6lVwdbjcC&dq=bymillion+adams&pg=PA29|title=Nicolas Chuquet, Renaissance Mathematician|last=Flegg|first=Graham|publisher=D. Reidel|year=1985|editor-last=Flegg|editor-first=Cynthia|pages=29|isbn=978-90-277-1872-3 |editor-last2=Moss|editor-first2=Barbara}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} For example, Adam's ''billion'' (Chuquet's (''bi)llion'') was used to write 10¹².<ref>{{Cite web|title=Large Numbers -- Notes (page 2) at MROB|url=https://www.mrob.com/pub/math/ln-notes1-2.html|access-date=2024-05-30|website=www.mrob.com}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2024}} While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word ''million'' comes from the Old [[Italian language|Italian]] ''millione''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-26|title=Definition of MILLION|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/million|access-date=2024-05-30|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> These words were most likely used a lot before the books were written.<ref name=":0" /> ==Examples of large numbers== {| class=wikitable !Number!!Scientific notation!!Grouping |- |6 000 000 000 000 000||6 × 10¹⁵||6 quadrillion |- |765 476 250 000 000||7.6547625 × 10¹⁴||765 trillion, 476 billion, 250 million |- |145 000||1.45 × 10⁵||145 thousand |} ==Names for large numbers== (For "missing" numbers, like 10^26, say "100 Septillion") {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top " !Scientific<br />notation ! width="200" |Short Scale ! width="200" |Long Scale !SI Symbol ![[Metric prefix]] |- | 1 |[[One]] |One | | |- | 10 || [[Ten]] |Ten |da |Deca- |- | 100 || [[Hundred]] |Hundred |h |Hecto- |- | 1000 || [[Thousand]] |Thousand |k |Kilo- |- | 10000 || [[10,000|Ten thousand]] |Ten thousand |my |Myria- |- | 100000 || [[100000 (number)|Hundred thousand]] |Hundred thousand | | |- | 10⁶|| [[Million]] |Million |M |Mega- |- | 10⁹|| [[Billion]] |Milliard |G |Giga- |- | 10¹² || Trillion |Billion |T |Tera- |- | 10¹⁵ || Quadrillion |Billiard |P |Peta- |- | 10¹⁸ || Quintillion |Trillion |E |Exa- |- | 10²¹ || Sextillion |Trilliard |Z |Zetta- |- | 10²⁴ || Septillion |Quadrillion |Y |Yotta- |- | 10²⁷ || Octillion |Quadrilliard |R |Ronna- |- | 10³⁰ || Nonillion |Quintilion |Q |Quetta- |- | 10³³ || Decillion |Quintilliard |- | 10³⁶ || Undecillion |Sextillion |- | 10³⁹ || Duodecillion |Sextilliard |- | 10⁴² || Tredecillion |Septillion |- | 10⁴⁵ || Quattuordecillion |Septilliard |- | 10⁴⁸ || Quindecillion |Octillion |- | 10⁵¹ || Sexdecillion |Octilliard |- | 10⁵⁴ || Septendecillion |Nonillion |- | 10⁵⁷ || Octodecillion |Nonilliard |- | 10⁶⁰ || Novemdecillion |Decillion |- | 10⁶³ || Vigintillion |Decilliard |- | 10⁶⁶ || Unvigintillion |Undecillion |- | 10⁶⁹ || Duovigintillion |Undecilliard |- | 10⁷² || Trevigintillion |Duodecillion |- | 10⁷⁵ || Quattuorvigintillion |Duodecilliard |- | 10⁷⁸ || Quinvigintillion |Tredecillion |- | 10⁸¹ || Sexvigintillion |Tredecilliard |- | 10⁸⁴ || Septenvigintillion |Quattuordecillion |- | 10⁸⁷ || Octovigintillion |Quattuordecilliard |- | 10⁹⁰ || Novemvigintillion |Quindecillion |- | 10⁹³ || Trigintillion |Quindecilliard |- |10⁹⁶ |Untrigintillion |Sexdecillion |- |10⁹⁹ |Duotrigintillion |Sexdecilliard |- | 10¹⁰⁰ || [[Googol]] |Googol |- |10¹²³ |Quadragintillion |Vigintilliard |- |10¹⁵³ |Quinquagintillion | |- |10¹⁸³ |Sexagintillion | |- |10²¹³ |Septuagintillion | |- |10²⁴³ |Octogintillion | |- |10²⁷³ |Nonagintillion | |- |10³⁰³ |Centillion |Quinquagintilliard |- |10⁶⁰⁰ | |Centillion |- |10⁶⁰³ |Ducentillion | |- |10³⁰⁰³ |Millinillion | |- |10^3,000,003 |Micrillion | |- |10^10¹⁰⁰ |[[Googolplex]] | |- |10^{10^10³⁴} |Skewes’ Number | |- |10^{10^10¹⁰⁰} |Googolplexian | |- |G64 |Graham's Number | |- |TREE(3) |Tree 3 | |- |Rayo(10¹⁰⁰) |Rayo's Number | |- |∞ |[[Infinite]] | |- |Ω |Absolute Infinity | |} There is also the number [[googol]], which is a 1 with 100 zeros behind it (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000), and the number [[googolplex]], which is a 1 with a googol of zeros behind it, (10^{10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000}) (10^10¹⁰⁰). The number googolplexian, is a 1 with a googolplex number of zeros behind it (10^{10^10¹⁰⁰}). The name '''centillion''' was made in the 19th century for the 100th "illion", being 10³⁰³ in the short scale and 10⁶⁰⁰ in the long scale. ==Other websites== * [http://www.thealmightyguru.com/Pointless/BigNumbers.html Pointless Big Numbers] * [https://faculty.kutztown.edu/schaeffe/Tutorials/General/LargeNumbers.html Naming Large Numbers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811012924/https://faculty.kutztown.edu/schaeffe/Tutorials/General/LargeNumbers.html |date=2022-08-11 }} ==References== {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Names of the biggest numbers}} [[Category:Numbers]] [[Category:Mathematics]] gm29co6fusfakvdqfjxr0a4s9yzb132 0 68306 10882945 10748092 2026-06-10T05:30:49Z ~2026-34338-85 1819481 10882945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{No sources|date=November 2020}} {{ Infobox London Borough | name = London Borough of Newham| short_name = Newham| imagename = Image:LondonNewham.svg | status = [[London Boroughs|London Borough]] | area_rank = 326th | area_km2 = 36.22 | ons_code = 00BB | adminhq = East Ham | ethnicity = 39.4% White (33.7% British, 1.32% Irish, 3.66% White non-British) <br />32.5% [[British Asian|South Asian]]<br />21.6% [[British African-Caribbean community|African-Caribbean]]<br />3.7% [[Multiracial|Mixed race]]<br />2.8% [[British Chinese|Chinese]]<br /> 0.1% [[Arab]] | url = http://www.newham.gov.uk/ | leadership = Mayor & Cabinet | mayor = [[Forhad Hussain]] | mps = [[Lyn Brown (politician)|Lyn Brown]] <br /> [[Jim Fitzpatrick (politician)|Jim Fitzpatrick]] <br /> [[Stephen Creswell Timms|Stephen Timms]] | gla_constituency = City and East London | gla_member = [[John Biggs]] }} The '''London Borough of Newham''' is a [[London Boroughs|London borough]] in [[Outer London]]. It is located on the [[River Thames]] in [[East London]]. {{London}} {{UK-stub}} {{authority control}} [[Category:London Borough of Newham| ]] ccmpla9jg0fso2jvpib03q0oms1fsfz 0 69510 10882839 10879245 2026-06-10T01:49:21Z Rioooooooo9 1684857 added template 10882839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the North Melbourne station in West Melbourne|the underground Metro Tunnel station actually in North Melbourne|Arden railway station}} {{Infobox station | name = North Melbourne | type = [[Public Transport Victoria|PTV]] [[Commuter rail|commuter]] and [[Regional rail|regional]] rail station | style = Melbourne | image = North Melbourne Southbound View.jpg | caption = Southbound view of Platforms 5 and 6, March 2023 | address = Railway Place,<br />[[West Melbourne, Victoria|West Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] 3003 | borough = [[City of Melbourne]] | country = [[Australia]] | coordinates = {{coord|-37.8063|144.9411|format=dms|type:railwaystation_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}} | distance = 1.68 kilometres from<br />[[Southern Cross railway station|Southern Cross]] | line = '''Metropolitan:''' {{plainlist| *{{rcb|Melbourne|Craigieburn|croute}} {{rcb|Melbourne|Upfield|croute}} *{{rcb|Melbourne|Flemington Racecourse|xroute}}<ref>Special events only</ref> *{{rcb|Melbourne|Werribee|croute}} {{rcb|Melbourne|Williamstown|croute}} }}'''Regional:'''<br> {{rcb|V/Line|Seymour|croute}} {{rcb|V/Line|Shepparton|croute}} ([[Tocumwal railway line, Victoria|Tocumwal]]) | other = {{rint|melbourne|met bus|link=Buses in Melbourne}} [[List of bus routes in Melbourne|Bus]] | structure = Ground | platform = 6 (2 [[Side platform|side]], 2 [[Island platform|island]]) | depth = | levels = | tracks = 6 | parking = | bicycle = Yes | opened = {{start date and age|1859|10|06|df=y}} | closed = | rebuilt = 9 June 1886<br />1974<br />16 November 2009 | electrified = May 1919 (1500 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|overhead]]) | code = NME | owned = [[VicTrack]] | operator = [[Metro Trains Melbourne|Metro Trains]]<br>[[V/Line]] | zone = [[Myki]] Zone 1 | status = Operational, [[premium station]] | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | mpassengers = {{collapsed infobox section begin|2005–2018 numbers}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 557,994<ref name="patronage2005-2015">[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xEcNOel8EBciHQX8H4F5aWiKdc-DpF3V/view Estimated Annual Patronage by Network Segment Financial Year 2005–2006 to 2018–19] Department of Transport</ref>|pass_year = 2005–2006}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 580,713<ref name=patronage2005-2015/>|pass_year = 2006–2007|pass_percent = 4.07}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 670,669<ref name=patronage2005-2015/>|pass_year = 2007–2008|pass_percent = 15.49}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 686,186<ref name="patronage2008-2021">[https://philipmallis.com/blog/2022/03/09/railway-station-and-tram-stop-patronage-in-victoria-for-2008-2021/ Railway station and tram stop patronage in Victoria for 2008–2021] Philip Mallis</ref>|pass_year = 2008–2009|pass_percent = 2.31}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 845,063<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2009–2010|pass_percent = 23.15}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,090,814<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2010–2011|pass_percent = 29.1}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,258,061<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2011–2012|pass_percent = 15.33}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = Not measured<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2012–2013}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,479,142<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2013–2014|pass_percent = 17.57}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,266,281<ref name=patronage2005-2015/>|pass_year = 2014–2015|pass_percent = -14.39}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,229,477<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2015–2016|pass_percent = -2.90}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,324,944<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2016–2017|pass_percent = 7.76}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,298,415<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2017–2018|pass_percent = -2}} {{collapsed infobox section end}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,497,300<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2018–2019|pass_percent = 15.32}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,183,050<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2019–2020|pass_percent = -21}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 669,700<ref name=patronage2008-2021/>|pass_year = 2020–2021|pass_percent = -43.4}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 703,500<ref name="patronage2021-2022">[https://discover.data.vic.gov.au/dataset/annual-metropolitan-train-station-patronage-station-entries Annual metropolitan train station patronage (station entries)] Data Vic</ref>|pass_year = 2021–2022|pass_percent = 5.04}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,144,850<ref>[https://opendata.transport.vic.gov.au/dataset/2fa2cdfa-84f1-455e-b6c9-058b92774b34/resource/62c72e09-8bfd-4d15-a2e2-a14c706eaf4d/download/annual_metropolitan_train_station_entries_fy_2022_2023.csv)] Data Vic</ref>|pass_year = 2022–2023|pass_percent = 47.76}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 1,220,400<ref name="patronage2023-2024">[https://discover.data.vic.gov.au/dataset/annual-metropolitan-train-station-patronage-station-entries)] Data Vic</ref>|pass_year = 2023–2024|pass_percent = 6.39}} | services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=Melbourne |header1=See [[City Loop]] for operating patterns |line1=Craigieburn|left1=SC or F|right1=Kensington |line2=Upfield|left2=SC or F|right2=Macaulay |header3=Direct to Flinders Street |line4=Flemington|left4=Southern Cross|right4=Showgrounds|to-left4=Flinders Street|to-right4=Showgrounds or Flemington Racecourse |line5=Werribee|left5=Southern Cross|right5=South Kensington|to-right5=Werribee or Williamstown |line6=Werribee|left6=Southern Cross|right6=South Kensington|to-left6=Sandringham via Flinders Street|to-right6=Werribee, Laverton or Williamstown |line7=Williamstown|left7=Southern Cross|right7=South Kensington|to-left7=Sandringham via Flinders Street|to-right7=Werribee, Laverton or Williamstown |system8=V/Line |line9=Seymour|left9=Southern Cross|right9=Broadmeadows|note-mid9=Weekdays only |line10=Seymour|left10=Southern Cross|right10=Essendon|note-right13=Peak service only|note-mid10=Weekdays only |line10=Shepparton|left10=Southern Cross|right10=Broadmeadows|note-mid10=2 weekday peak services }} | other_services = {{Adjacent stations|system1=Melbourne |line2=Werribee|left2=Southern Cross|right2=South Kensington|to-left2=Sandringham via Flinders Street|to-right2=Werribee, Laverton or Williamstown |line3=Williamstown|left3=Southern Cross|right3=South Kensington|to-left3=Sandringham via Flinders Street|to-right3=Werribee, Laverton or Williamstown }} | other_services_header = Night Network services | other_services_collapsible = yes | website = [https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/stop/1144 Public Transport Victoria] }} '''North Melbourne''' is a train station and the gateway for all west and northwest bound train lines in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]]. The station is actually in [[West Melbourne, Victoria|West Melbourne]]. The station's main entrance, at its east, is at an intersection of Ireland Street and Railway Place. North Melbourne is mainly used as an interchange point. The station sees trains from the Werribee, Williamstown, Laverton, Upfield, Craigieburn and the regional Seymour and Shepparton. == History == The first North Melbourne station opened on 6 October 1859. The current station opened on 9 June 1886. <ref>{{cite book|last=Turton|first=Keith W|title=Six And A Half Inches From Destiny. The first hundred years of the Melbourne-Wodonga Railway 1873–1973|publisher=Australian Railway Historical Society|year=1973|isbn=0-85849-012-9|page=86}}</ref> The station was converted to a [[premium station]] in [[1996]], and has a small kiosk and a staffed ticket office. The station also has a western exit however this leads only to the rail yards. On [[May 15]], [[2006]], it was announced that the station is to be redeveloped. As part of the project, a new main entrance was created at the southern end of the station with new [[escalator]]s, stairs and [[Elevator|lifts]] installed for quicker access to other platforms and to help disabled passengers. Until 1 February 2026, the Sunbury line used the station, then it joined the Northern Group in the City Loop. That caused less services for the other lines. When the Metro Tunnel opened, the Sunbury line stopped using the North Melbourne station. All trains on the line now go using the new [[Metro Tunnel]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Build |first=Victoria’s Big |date=2025-10-13 |title=Using the Metro Tunnel |url=https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/use-metro-tunnel/home |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=Victoria’s Big Build |language=en}}</ref> === Platforms === North Melbourne has two [[:en:side platform|side platform]]s and two [[:en:island platform|island platform]]s. There are six in total. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw- defaultcenter col1left" ! colspan="6" style="background:#{{rcr|Melbourne}};background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #{{rcr|Melbourne|Craigieburn}}, #{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}}); " |<span style="color:white;">North Melbourne platform arrangement</span> |- !Platform !Line !Destination !Via !Service Pattern !Notes |- |'''1''' | rowspan="2" |{{RouteBox|Upfield line|Upfield line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Upfield}}|black}} |[[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] |[[City Loop]] | rowspan="4" |All stations |See [[City Loop#Services and direction of travel|City Loop]] for operating patterns. |- |'''2''' |[[Upfield railway station|Upfield]] | | |- |'''3''' | rowspan="2" |{{RouteBox|Craigieburn line|Craigieburn line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Craigieburn}}|black}} |[[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] |[[City Loop]] |See [[City Loop#Services and direction of travel|City Loop]] for operating patterns. |- |'''4''' |[[Craigieburn railway station|Craigieburn]] | rowspan="2" | | |- | rowspan="2" |'''5''' |{{RouteBox|Werribee line|Werribee line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}}|white}} |[[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] | rowspan="3" |All stations |Weekdays only. |- |{{RouteBox|Werribee line|Werribee line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}}|white}}<br>{{RouteBox|Williamstown line|Williamstown line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}}|white}} |[[Sandringham railway station|Sandringham]] |[[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] |Weekdays after 7pm and weekends (Werribee Line only) |- | rowspan="3" |'''6''' | rowspan="2" |{{RouteBox|Werribee line|Werribee line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}}|white}} |[[Laverton railway station, Melbourne|Laverton]], [[Werribee railway station|Werribee]] |[[Altona railway station|Altona]] | |- |[[Werribee railway station|Werribee]] | rowspan="2" | |Limited Express services |Weekdays only. |- |{{RouteBox|Williamstown line|Williamstown line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Sandringham}}|white}} |[[Williamstown railway station|Williamstown]] |All stations | |} ==Nearby Transport== The number 216 and 241 buses stop nearby the station. *Route 216 goes from [[Sunshine railway station|Sunshine station]] to Queen Street City. *Route 241 starts from here and ends at Yarra Bend Park. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == *[http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,19135383%255E2862,00.html Station to get $36m revamp]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Public Transport Victoria railway stations|Craigieburn=y|Flemington Racecourse=y|Upfield=y|Werribee=y|Williamstown=y|North Eastern=y}} [[Category:Premium Melbourne railway stations]] 2tsykcovounyoogvp7now642st2oorp 0 70866 10882722 9749756 2026-06-09T22:56:20Z My planet is Homlos 1660737 /* Orbit */ Newer studies in 2025 said Triton will live longer! I added a ref 10882722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox planet | name = Triton | note = yes | mpc_name = Neptune I | pronounced = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|aɪ|t|ən}} | adjectives = Tritonian | named_after = [[Triton (mythology)|Τρίτων]] ''Trītōn'' | image = Triton moon mosaic Voyager 2 (large).jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = {{longitem|''[[Voyager 2]]'' photomosaic of Triton's sub-Neptunian hemisphere|style=padding: 4px 0;}} | discoverer = [[William Lassell]] | discovered = October 10, 1846 | semimajor = {{val|354759|u=km|fmt=commas}} | eccentricity = {{val|0.000016|fmt=none}} | period = {{val|5.876854|u=d|fmt=none}}<br/>([[Retrograde and direct motion|retrograde]]) | avg_speed = 4.39 km/s | inclination = 129.812° (to the [[ecliptic]])<br/>156.885° (to Neptune's equator)<br/>129.608° (to Neptune's orbit) | satellite_of = [[Neptune]] | mean_radius = {{val|1353.4|0.9|u=km|fmt=commas}} | surface_area = {{val|23018000|u=km2|fmt=commas}} | volume = {{val|10384000000|u=km3|fmt=commas}} | mass = {{val|2.1390|0.0028|e=22|u=kg}}<br/>({{val|0.00359|u=Earths|fmt=none}}) | density = {{val|2.061|u=g/cm3}} | surface_grav = {{val|0.779|ul=m/s2}} ({{val|0.0794|u=[[G-force|''g'']]}}) (0.48 Moons) | escape_velocity = {{val|1.455|u=km/s}} | sidereal_day = 5 d, 21 h, 2&nbsp;min, 53 s | rotation = [[Synchronous rotation|synchronous]] | axial_tilt = 0 | albedo = 0.76 | magnitude = 13.47 | abs_magnitude = −1.2 | single_temperature = {{cvt|38|K|C}} | atmosphere = yes | surface_pressure = {{convert|1.4 to 1.9|Pa|atm|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} | atmosphere_composition = [[nitrogen]]; [[methane]] traces }} [[File:William Lassell.jpg|thumb|274x274px|William Lassell, the discoverer of Triton]] [[File:Retrogradeorbit.gif |thumb |180px |Retrograde orbit: the satellite (red) orbits in the direction opposite to the rotation of its primary (blue/black).]] [[File:Outersolarsystem objectpositions labels comp.png |thumb |The [[Kuiper belt]] (green), in the Solar System's outskirts, is where Triton is thought to have originated.]] [[File:Triton orbit & Neptune.png |thumb |right|The orbit of Triton (red) is different from most [[Moons of Neptune |moons]]' orbit (green) in the movement's direction, and the orbit is tilted.]] [[File:Triton Earth Moon Comparison.png|thumb|Triton compared to the Earth and the Moon.]] '''Triton''', or '''Neptune&nbsp;I''', is the largest [[Satellite (natural)|moon]] of the [[planet]] [[Neptune (planet)|Neptune]].<ref name="sse" /><ref name="bbc">{{cite web|title= BBC Home: Science: Space: Solar System: Moons: Triton|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/moons/triton_(moon)|publisher= BBC|accessdate= 2011-03-29|archive-date= 2011-08-31|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045509/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/moons/triton_(moon)|url-status= dead}}</ref> It is the seventh-largest moon in the [[Solar System]]. Triton is slightly smaller than [[Earth]]'s [[Moon]]. Triton has a complicated [[geology |geological]] history: it is thought to have a young surface compared to the age of the Solar System itself. It was discovered by the [[United Kingdom |British]] [[astronomer]] [[William Lassell]] on 10 October 1846, just 17 days after Neptune itself was discovered by the [[Germany |German]] astronomer [[Johann Gottfried Galle]] and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest.<ref name="sse">{{cite web |url= http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Nep_Triton |title= NASA: Solar System Exploration: Planets: Neptune: Moons: Triton |publisher= NASA |accessdate= 2011-03-29 |archive-date= 2011-02-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110219084029/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> Triton is believed to be a captured [[Kuiper Belt]] object,<ref name="sse" /> and is the coldest known body in the Solar System.<ref name="sse" /> The surface temperature of Triton was recorded by [[Voyager 2]] as -235&nbsp;°C (-391&nbsp;°F).<ref name="sse" /> Triton has its own [[magnetic field]] and has a faint trace of an [[atmosphere]]. == Orbit == [[Drag (physics)|Drag]] and tidal interaction cause Triton to fall slowly into lowered orbits. This process is very slow. 3.6&nbsp;billion years from now, Triton will pass within Neptune's [[Roche limit]].<ref name="Chyba">Chyba C.F; Jankowski D.G. & Nicholson P.D. (1989). "Tidal evolution in the Neptune-Triton system". ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''219''' (1–2): L23–L26. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989A&A...219L..23C]</ref> It will either collide with Neptune's atmosphere or break up, forming a [[planetary ring|ring]] system similar to that found around the planet [[Saturn]].<ref name="Chyba" /> However, newer studies done in 2025 has analyzed that Triton will reach Neptune’s Roche limit in 28 billion years. This indicates a more stable orbital evolution of Triton over a long period of time.<ref name="Wang2025">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=K. |last2=Zhang |first2=H. |last3=Li |first3=Y. |last4=Qiao |first4=L. |title=A Plausible Minimum Value of the Neptunian Tidal Dissipation Factor Estimated from Triton’s Astrometric Observations |journal=Solar System Research |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=6–15 |doi=10.1134/S0038094624601440 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0038094624601440 |date=2025-02-18 |access-date=2026-05-12|url-access=subscription }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}</ref> The reason why Triton is thought to be a captured object is its [[orbit]], which is unique in the [[Solar System]]. It is both retrograde (see diagram) and highly tilted. Although there are other satellites with retrograde orbits, they are much smaller than Triton, and much more distant from their host planets (their "primaries"). Triton, like our Moon, shows only one face to the planet: it rotates in [[synchronous rotation|synchrony]] to Neptune. [[File:Neptune_and_Triton_with_their_sizes_and_distance_from_each_other_to_scale.png|thumb|Neptune and Triton with their sizes and distance from each other to scale.]] == Surface == All we know about the surface of Triton comes from one fly-by of [[Voyager 2]] in 1989. There are few [[impact craters]]. This suggests the surface is quite young in astronomical terms: estimates are six to 50 million years.<ref>Schenk, Paul M. & Zahnle, Kevin (2007). "On the negligible surface age of Triton". ''Icarus'' '''192''' (1): 135–49. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Icar..192..135S]</ref> Despite its very cold temperature, the surface of Triton is geologically active. There are events which look like [[geyser]]s, [[volcanos]] and [[earthquakes]]. All the materials involved are quite different from those on Earth. Most of the gases are frozen most of the time. Gases like [[nitrogen]] are frozen until something occurs to melt them, then it turns back into a gas. A temperature increase of just 4 [[Kelvin|K]] ({{cvt|4|C-change|F-change|disp=out|}}) is enough to make this happen. == Past formation and capture == Like most [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNOs]], Triton is mostly [[Icy moon|icy.]] While Triton's [[orbit]] does help us understand its past, it is mostly unknown. It is thought that Triton formed in a [[binary system]], like [[Pluto]], and was moving at very high speeds. However, when it passed through [[Neptune|Neptune's]] [[Hill sphere]] the other body will have been flung out, reducing Triton's speed and allowing it to be captured. Now, Triton is the most massive TNO to ever have existed, and it had effects on Neptune's moon system. All large [[Natural satellite|moons]] were destroyed, flung out of orbit or crashed into Neptune itself. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Nep_Triton Triton Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219084029/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ |date=2011-02-19 }} *[http://stevechallis.net/Triton.php Triton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026032346/http://stevechallis.net/Triton.php |date=2016-10-26 }} {{Neptune Footer}} {{Solar System}} [[Category:Neptune's moons]] 66iw32z1nidlpuweatfrpkuzaxoin6u 0 73947 10882296 9198576 2026-06-09T12:55:06Z Masterful.F0ur7567 1664732 fixed incorrect info and added a bit extra history 10882296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:F-8 Crusader on Hornet 2.jpg|thumb|[[United States]] [[Navy]] F-8.]] [[File:Vought F-8E Crusader 3-view line drawing.svg|thumb|Vought F-8E Crusader.]] The '''F-8 Crusader''' was an [[United States of America|American]] fighter plane made by [[Vought]]. It first flew in 1955, and went into the [[Navy]] and Marine corps in 1957. It was the last American fighter plane to be designed with guns as its main weapon, Giving it the nickname 'The Last of the Gunfighters'. Despite this, only 4 out of the 19 kills scored with the plane were using its guns, the rest of the kills were scored with missiles. It was slowly replaced by the [[F-4 Phantom II]] and was retired in 1999. There was also a different type of it called the RF-8 Crusader, meant for spying. It also took the pictures of [[Soviet]] [[missile]]s during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]]. ==Related pages== * [[A-7 Corsair II]] {{Transport-stub}} [[Category:United States Navy aircraft]] [[Category:United States Marine Corps aircraft]] [[Category:French military aircraft]] [[Category:Vietnam War aircraft]] mt47xfohlor4d9usckpvphjuw934per 0 76129 10882443 10840093 2026-06-09T16:23:49Z ~2026-34102-03 1819168 /* Past versions */ 10882443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{further|Hominid}} {{Automatic Taxobox | name = Hominidae | fossil range = [[Miocene]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=European Miocene Hominids and the Origin of the African Ape and Human Clade|year=2012|journal=Evol. Anthropol.|author=Begun D.R; Nargolwalla M.C. and Kordos L. |volume=21|issue=1|pages=10–23|doi=10.1002/evan.20329|pmid=22307721|s2cid=22792031|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.20329/full}}</ref> to Recent | image =Hominidae (extant species).jpg | image_width = 230px | image_caption = The eight living Hominidae species | taxon = Hominidae | range_map = Distribution of the Great Apes.png | range_map_caption = Range of great ape species }} [[File:Fossil hominids.jpg|247px|thumb|right|A [[fossil]] hominid exhibit at the Museum of Osteology, [[Oklahoma City]]]] The '''hominids''' are members of the [[Family (biology)|biological family]] '''Hominidae''' (the '''great [[ape]]s'''). This family includes [[human]]s, [[bonobo]]s, [[chimpanzee]]s, [[gorilla]]s and [[orangutan]]s.<ref>Groves C. 2005. Wilson D.E.; Reeder D.M. eds. ''Mammal species of the world''. 3rd ed, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 181{{ndash}}184. {{ISBN|0-801-88221-4}}. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100786] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204210226/http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100786 |date=2011-02-04}}</ref> "Great ape" is a common name rather than a [[Taxonomy|taxonomic]] label, and people use it in different ways. Sometimes people mean to include humans in the category of “great apes,” and sometimes they mean non-human apes. ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' is definitely a hominid, as judged by all modern reference works. Hominids range in weight from 48&nbsp;kg to 270&nbsp;kg. Males are larger than females. Hominids are [[Primate|primates]] with no [[Tail|tails]], strong bodies, and well-developed [[Forearm|forearms]]. Their [[Finger|thumbs]] (and big toes, except in humans) oppose the fingers, and form a grip. All digits have flattened [[Nail (anatomy)|nails]]. At present, the family Hominidae includes four [[Genus|genera]] and eight [[species]]. However, if [[fossil]] hominids were included, all of the [[Australopithecines]] and the genus ''[[Homo]]'' would be members of the Hominidae family. Today, nonhuman great apes live only in the [[Rainforest|rainforests]] of [[Equator|equatorial]] [[Africa]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]. The first hominid fossils are from the [[Miocene]] period. Archaeologists found these in [[Asia]]<ref>Hill, Andrew & Steven Ward 1988. Origin of the Hominidae: the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My. ''Yearbook of Physical Anthropology'' '''31''' (59): 49–83.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330310505/abstract;jsessionid=DEE106EB867A65B6755019EE86A1906E.d03t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+15+December+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2805%3A00-07%3A00+EST%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> and [[Europe]]. Also in Asia, they found fossils of a huge version of the orangutan called ''[[Gigantopithecus]]'', which is now [[Extinction|extinct]]. Fossils also show that [[Neanderthals]] were in Europe and western Asia for at least half a million years before [[Homo sapiens|modern humans]] appeared. ==Classification== Scholars do not agree on exactly [[Biological classification|how to classify]] the family Hominidae. ===Past versions=== In the past, the family Hominidae have been classified this way: *Family '''Hominidae''': Great apes ** Subfamily [[Ponginae]] *** Genus ''[[Orangutan|Pongo]]'' {{ndash}} [[orangutan]]s ** Subfamily [[Homininae]] *** Genus ''[[Gorilla]]'' – [[gorilla]]s *** Genus ''[[Pan (genus)|Pan]]'' – [[chimpanzee]]s and [[bonobo]]s *** ''[[Australopithecus]]''† and other extinct relatives *** Genus ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' – [[human]]s ===Modern version=== A more recent classification shows humans and the [[Australopithecine]]s as [https://simple.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/distinct distinct] from the [[rainforest]] apes. Two major reference works have supported this approach.<ref>Larsen, Clark Spencer (ed) 2010. ''A companion to biological anthropology''. Blackwell. Chapter 3 (Bernard A. Wood) Systematics, taxonomy & phylogenetics, 56{{ndash}}73. {{ISBN|978-1405189002}}</ref><ref>Stanford, Craig; Allen, John S. & Anton, Susan C. 2011. ''Biological anthropology''. Pearson. {{ISBN|978-0205150687}}</ref> Superfamily Hominoidea :Family [[Hylobatidae]] :::Genus ''[[Hylobates]]'' :Family '''Hominidae''' ::Subfamily Ponginae :::Genus ''[[Pongo]]'' ::Subfamily Gorillinae :::Genus ''[[Gorilla]]'' ::Subfamily Homininae :::Tribe Panini ::::Genus ''[[Pan (genus)|Pan]]'' :::Tribe Hominini ::::Subtribe Australopithecina/Hominina :::::Genus ''[[Ardipithecus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Australopithecus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Kenyanthropus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Sahelanthropus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Orrorin]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Paranthropus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Homo]]'' ==Related pages== * [[Template:Human timeline|Human timeline]] * [[Human evolution]] ==References== {{wikispecies|Hominidae}} {{commonscat|Hominidae}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Hominids]] p3ul2drc0zjecd5x6gw9zlyg44c458x 10882445 10882443 2026-06-09T16:26:10Z ~2026-34102-03 1819168 10882445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{further|Hominid}} {{Automatic Taxobox | name = Hominidae | fossil range = [[Miocene]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=European Miocene Hominids and the Origin of the African Ape and Human Clade|year=2012|journal=Evol. Anthropol.|author=Begun D.R; Nargolwalla M.C. and Kordos L. |volume=21|issue=1|pages=10–23|doi=10.1002/evan.20329|pmid=22307721|s2cid=22792031|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.20329/full}}</ref> to Recent | image =Hominidae (extant species).jpg | image_width = 230px | image_caption = The eight living Hominidae species | taxon = Hominidae | range_map = Distribution of the Great Apes.png | range_map_caption = Range of great ape species }} [[File:Fossil hominids.jpg|247px|thumb|right|A [[fossil]] hominid exhibit at the Museum of Osteology, [[Oklahoma City]]]] The '''hominids''' are members of the [[Family (biology)|biological family]] '''Hominidae''' (the '''great [[ape]]s'''). This family includes [[human]]s, [[bonobo]]s, [[chimpanzee]]s, [[gorilla]]s and [[orangutan]]s.<ref>Groves C. 2005. Wilson D.E.; Reeder D.M. eds. ''Mammal species of the world''. 3rd ed, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 181{{ndash}}184. {{ISBN|0-801-88221-4}}. [http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100786] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204210226/http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100786 |date=2011-02-04}}</ref> "Great ape" is a common name rather than a [[Taxonomy|taxonomic]] label, and people use it in different ways. Sometimes people mean to include humans in the category of “great apes,” and sometimes they mean non-human apes. ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' is definitely a hominid, as judged by all modern reference works. Hominids range in weight from 48&nbsp;kg to 270&nbsp;kg. Males are larger than females. Hominids are [[Primate|primates]] with no [[Tail|tails]], strong bodies, and well-developed [[Forearm|forearms]]. Their [[Finger|thumbs]] (and big toes, except in humans) oppose the fingers, and form a grip. All digits have flattened [[Nail (anatomy)|nails]]. At present, the family Hominidae includes four [[Genus|genera]] and eight [[species]]. However, if [[fossil]] hominids were included, all of the [[Australopithecines]] and the genus ''[[Homo]]'' would be members of the Hominidae family. Today, nonhuman great apes live only in the [[Rainforest|rainforests]] of [[Equator|equatorial]] [[Africa]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]. The first hominid fossils are from the [[Miocene]] period. Archaeologists found these in [[Asia]]<ref>Hill, Andrew & Steven Ward 1988. Origin of the Hominidae: the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My. ''Yearbook of Physical Anthropology'' '''31''' (59): 49–83.[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330310505/abstract;jsessionid=DEE106EB867A65B6755019EE86A1906E.d03t02?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+15+December+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT+%2805%3A00-07%3A00+EST%29+for+essential+maintenance]</ref> and [[Europe]]. Also in Asia, they found fossils of a huge version of the orangutan called ''[[Gigantopithecus]]'', which is now [[Extinction|extinct]]. Fossils also show that [[Neanderthals]] were in Europe and western Asia for at least half a million years before [[Homo sapiens|modern humans]] appeared. ==Classification== Scholars do not agree on exactly [[Biological classification|how to classify]] the family Hominidae. ===Past versions=== In the past, the family Hominidae have been classified this way: *Family '''Hominidae''': Great apes ** Subfamily [[Ponginae]] *** Genus ''[[Orangutan|Pongo]]'' {{ndash}} [[orangutan]]s ** Subfamily [[Homininae]] *** Genus ''[[Gorilla]]'' – [[gorilla]]s *** Genus ''[[Pan (genus)|Pan]]'' – [[bonobo]]s and [[chimpanzee]]s *** ''[[Australopithecus]]''† and other extinct relatives *** Genus ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' – [[human]]s ===Modern version=== A more recent classification shows humans and the [[Australopithecine]]s as [https://simple.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/distinct distinct] from the [[rainforest]] apes. Two major reference works have supported this approach.<ref>Larsen, Clark Spencer (ed) 2010. ''A companion to biological anthropology''. Blackwell. Chapter 3 (Bernard A. Wood) Systematics, taxonomy & phylogenetics, 56{{ndash}}73. {{ISBN|978-1405189002}}</ref><ref>Stanford, Craig; Allen, John S. & Anton, Susan C. 2011. ''Biological anthropology''. Pearson. {{ISBN|978-0205150687}}</ref> Superfamily Hominoidea :Family [[Hylobatidae]] :::Genus ''[[Hylobates]]'' :Family '''Hominidae''' ::Subfamily Ponginae :::Genus ''[[Pongo]]'' ::Subfamily Gorillinae :::Genus ''[[Gorilla]]'' ::Subfamily Homininae :::Tribe Panini ::::Genus ''[[Pan (genus)|Pan]]'' :::Tribe Hominini ::::Subtribe Australopithecina/Hominina :::::Genus ''[[Ardipithecus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Australopithecus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Kenyanthropus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Sahelanthropus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Orrorin]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Paranthropus]]'' :::::Genus ''[[Homo]]'' ==Related pages== * [[Template:Human timeline|Human timeline]] * [[Human evolution]] ==References== {{wikispecies|Hominidae}} {{commonscat|Hominidae}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Hominids]] 1wybf9zwp87gz74da2xf9xpm8xigimq 0 86610 10882559 10696566 2026-06-09T19:35:04Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Robert_Johnson_1936.jpg|Robert_Johnson_1936.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:CSD#F2|CSD F2]] (fair use content)&#58; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Johnson.png. 10882559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | Name = Robert Johnson | Img = | Img_capt = Johnson in 1936 | Background = solo_singer | birth_date = {{birth date|1911|5|8|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Hazlehurst, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1938|8|16|1911|5|8}} | death_place = [[Greenwood, Mississippi]], [[United States|U.S.]] | Genre = [[Blues]] | Occupation = [[Musician]], [[songwriter]] | Instrument = [[Guitar]] | Years_active = 1929–1938 | Notable_instruments = }} '''Robert Johnson''', born '''Robert Leroy Johnson''' (May 8, 1911 – August 16, 1938) is one of the most [[celebrity|famous]] [[Delta blues]] [[musician]]s. He is known worldwide as the "King of the Delta Blues." He has also been called the "Grandfather of [[rock and roll]]." == Life == He was born in [[Hazlehurst]], [[Mississippi]]. He was the 11th child of his mother [[Julia Dodds]], and 10th child of his father Charles Dodds. When he was born, his father had left his mother. He was brought up by a [[field worker]] named [[Noah Johnson]]. That is why he chose "Johnson" for his family name. == Career == Johnson began playing guitar when he was a child. In February 1929, he married Virginia Travis and became serious about playing the guitar. His wife died in childbirth at the age of 16 in April 1930. Johnson began traveling up and down the Delta. Around 1936, he was introduced to other blues players through a friend. He had a remarkable combination of talent for singing, playing the guitar and composing songs. His vocals, the originality of his songs and his style of playing guitar have influenced many musicians. These include: [[John Fogerty]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[The Yardbirds]], [[The Black Keys]], and [[The White Stripes]]. [[Eric Clapton]] said Johnson is "the greatest blues musician ever to live." Johnson was ranked 71st on [[Rolling Stone magazine]] list of "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time." In 1986, he was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref name="hall of fame">{{cite web|title=Robert Johnson|url=https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/robert-johnson|publisher=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|accessdate=October 8, 2017}}</ref> ==Death== Johnson died on August 16, 1938. He died at the age of 27 from [[poisoning]]. Johnson's death was not reported publicly. Almost 30 years later, Gayle Dean Wardlow, a Mississippi-based musicologist researching Johnson's life, found Johnson's death certificate, which listed only the date and location, with no official cause of death. No formal autopsy had been done. Instead, a pro forma examination was done to file the death certificate, and no immediate cause of death was determined. It is likely he had congenital syphilis and it was suspected later by medical professionals that this may have been a contributing factor in his death. However, 30 years of local oral tradition had, like the rest of his life story, built a legend which has filled in gaps in the scant historical record. His early death and unknown early life have led to the spread of many legends, such as going down to the crossroads near Dockery Plantation and making a deal with the devil, which cursed the musician and leading to the creation of the [[27 Club]]. == Songs == Eleven [[Phonograph record|record]]s were made by Robert Johnson with [[Vocalion Records|Vocalion]] during his lifetime, and a twelfth record was made once he had died.<ref>Komarma (2007) pp. 63-68</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="background:#fcfdff; font-size:95%;" |- ! Track || Recorded || Catalogue || Released || Song Title || Time |- valign="top" | 1. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3416 || rowspan=18|1937 || Kind Hearted Woman Blues || 2:29 |- | 2. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3416 || Terraplane Blues || 3:01 |- | 3. || 11/26/36 || Vocalion 3445 || 32-20 Blues || 2:50 |- | 4. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3445 || Last Fair Deal Gone Down (song)|Last Fair Deal Gone Down || 2:39 |- | 5. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3475 || I Believe I'll Dust My Broom || 2:57 |- | 6. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3475 || Dead Shrimp Blues || 2:29 |- | 7. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3519 || Ramblin' On My Mind || 2:57 |- | 8. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3519 || Cross Road Blues || 2:29 |- | 9. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3563 || Come On In My Kitchen || 2:52 |- | 10. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3563 || They're Red Hot || 2:56 |- | 11. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 3601 || Walkin' Blues || 2:30 |- | 12. || 11/23/36 || Vocalion 3601 || Sweet Home Chicago || 2:57 |- | 13. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3623 || From Four Until Late || 2:22 |- | 14. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3623 || Hellhound On My Trail || 2:37 |- | 15. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3665 || Malted Milk || 2:20 |- | 16. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 3665 || Milkcow's Calf Blues || 2:17 |- | 17. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3723 || Stones In My Passway || 2:28 |- | 18. || 6/19/37 || Vocalion 3723 || I'm A Steady Rollin' Man || 2:35 |- valign="top" | 19. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4002 || rowspan=4|1938 || Stop Breakin' Down Blues || 2:21 |- | 20. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4002 || Honeymoon Blues || 2:16 |- | 21. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4108 || Little Queen Of Spades || 2:16 |- | 22. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4108 || Me And The Devil Blues || 2:34 |- valign="top" | 23. || 11/27/36 || Vocalion 4630 || rowspan=2|1939 || Preachin' Blues || 2:52 |- | 24. || 6/20/37 || Vocalion 4630 || Love In Vain || 2:20 |} All following songs were released after 1939: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Recorded ! Matrix ! Released ! Song title ! Time |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2584-1 |1961 |When You Got A Good Friend take #1 |2:37 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2584-2 | | When You Got A Good Friend take #2 | 2:50 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2585-1 |1961 | Come On In My Kitchen take #1 | 2:47 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2587-1 | |Phonograph Blues take #1 | 2:37 |- | 11/23/36 | SA-2587-2 | |Phonograph Blues take #2 | 2:32 |- | 11/27/36 | SA-2629-2 |1961 | Cross Road Blues take #2 | 2:29 |- | 11/27/36 | SA-2633-1 |1961 | Rollin' and Tumblin'|If I Had Possession Over Judgement Day | 2:34 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-397-1 |1961 |Drunken Hearted Man take # 1 | 2:24 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-397-2 | | Drunken Hearted Man take # 2 | 2:19 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-400-1 |1961 | Traveling Riverside Blues | Travelin' Riverside Blues take # 1 |2:47 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-400-2 | |Traveling Riverside Blues | Travelin' Riverside Blues take # 2 |2:47 |- | 6/20/37 |DAL-402-2 | | Love In Vain take # 1 |2:28 |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Robert}} [[Category:1911 births]] [[Category:1938 deaths]] [[Category:Blues guitarists]] [[Category:American guitarists]] [[Category:Singers from Mississippi]] [[Category:Musicians from Mississippi]] 9wjs2apmhik0les8zjrcki4li1o8wru 0 89328 10883065 10877032 2026-06-10T10:47:06Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Developmental */ 10883065 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of all current champions in [[WWE]] (World Wrestling Entertainment), a big company that produces [[professional wrestling]] shows. It is now the most popular company in the wrestling business. It is owned by [[TKO Group Holdings]]. [[Vincent J. McMahon]] started the company in 1963. His son, [[Vince McMahon|Vince K. McMahon]] ran the company as the chairman and [[CEO]] from 1982 to 2024. The company used to be known as the '''World Wrestling Federation''' or the '''WWF'''. They changed their name to World Wrestling Entertainment after a [[lawsuit]] filed by the [[World Wildlife Fund|World Wide Fund for Nature]], formerly known as the World Wildlife Fund, which uses the "WWF" initials in the United States. In 2011, the company rebranded itself as WWE, although its legal name is still World Wrestling Entertainment. == Current champions == Tables with a "Days recognized" column means that WWE officially lists a different number of days that a wrestler has held a title because an event aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. In some cases the actual date an event took place is unknown. === Main roster === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#FBB;" |[[WWE Raw|Raw]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] | align="center" |[[File:Roman Reigns RR25 (1) (headshot).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Roman Reigns]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 19, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[CM Punk]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133629|title=WWE WrestleMania 42 Night 2 Results: Roman Reigns dethrones CM Punk to earn World Heavyweight Championship|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|Women's World Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Liv Morgan August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Liv Morgan]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Stephanie Vaquer]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133590|title=Liv Morgan dethrones Stephanie Vaquer in six-minute showdown to reclaim women's title at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 18, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Penta RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 2, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 2, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]] | align=left | Defeated [[Dominik Mysterio]] on [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=Penta Defeats Dominik Mysterio To Win Intercontinental Championship On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/penta-wwe-291455/|work=Fightful|date=March 2, 2026|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Intercontinental Championship]] | align="center" | [[File: No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Sol Ruca]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | May 31, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|May 31, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Turin]], [[Italy]] | align=left | Defeated [[Becky Lynch]] at [[Clash in Italy]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=Sol Ruca Wins WWE Women’s Intercontinental Title At WWE Clash In Italy|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/sol-ruca-wins-wwe-womens-intercontinental-title-at-wwe-clash-in-italy/|work=Fightful|date=May 31, 2026|access-date=May 31, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Bron Breakker - WWE Live RTWM Nottingham March 2025 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Austin Theory WM39.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Logan Paul RR25 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 30, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 30, 2026}} | align="center" | [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]] | align=left | Paul and Theory defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]] on ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' to win the title. After Paul got injured, Breakker was later listed as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" ! colspan="9" style="background:#CAE1FF;" |[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days held !Location !Notes !Ref. |- | align="center" | [[WWE Championship|Undisputed WWE Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Cody Rhodes RR25.jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Cody Rhodes]] | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | March 6, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 6, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Portland, Oregon]] | align=left | Defeated [[Drew McIntyre]] on ''[[SmackDown]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Cody Rhodes Wins Undisputed WWE Championship On 3/6 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cody-rhodes-wins-undisputed-wwe-championship-on-3-6-wwe-smackdown/|date=March 6, 2026|work=Fightful|access-date=March 6, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Rhea Ripley, April 2024 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Rhea Ripley]] | align="center" | 2 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 19, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 19, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jade Cargill]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/rhea-ripley-captures-wwe-womens-championship-off-jade-cargill-at-wrestlemania-42/|title=Rhea Ripley captures WWE Women's Championship off Jade Cargill at Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Trick Williams FOS 2026 version 3 (cropped).png|100px]] | align="center" | [[Trick Williams]] | align="center" | 1 | align=left | Defeated [[Sami Zayn]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 2. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/trick-williams-beats-sami-zayn-to-capture-u-s-title-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42/|title=Trick Williams beats Sami Zayn to capture U.S. title at WWE Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's United States Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tiffany Stratton August 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Tiffany Stratton]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 24, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Fort Worth, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Giulia (wrestler)|Giulia]] on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. | <ref name="StrattonUS">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Tiffany Stratton Wins Women's United States Title On 4/24 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/tiffany-stratton-wins-womens-united-states-title-on-4-24-wwe-smackdown/|website=Fightful|date=April 24, 2026|access-date=April 24, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Damien Priest, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:R-Truth 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]] | align="center" | 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} | align="center" | March 20, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] | align=left |Defeated [[The MFTs]] ([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]]) on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]''. Mateo defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=R-Truth & Damian Priest Win WWE Tag Team Titles On 3/20 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-damian-priest-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-3-20-wwe-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref> |} === Developmental === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:#ffe603;" |[[WWE NXT|NXT]] |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center" | [[NXT Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Tony D’Angelo (cropped).jpg|135x135px]] | align="center" | [[Tony D'Angelo]] | align="center" | 1 | rowspan="2" align="center" | April 4, 2026 | rowspan="2" align="center" | {{age in days|April 4, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center" | [[Chesterfield, Missouri]] | align=left |Defeated previous champion [[Joe Hendry]], [[Ethan Page]], and [[Ricky Starks|Ricky Saints]] in a [[Fatal four-way match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 4, 2026|title=Tony D’Angelo Wins NXT Title At NXT Stand & Delive|url=https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260405015722/https://www.fightful.com/uncategorized/nxt-title-result-nxt-stand-deliver-tony-dangelo/|archive-date=April 5, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Lola Vice]] | align="center" | 1 | align="left" | Defeated previous champion [[Jacy Jayne]] and [[Kendal Grey]] in a [[Triple Threat match]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2026)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|date=April 4, 2026|title=Lola Vice Wins The NXT Women’s Title At NXT Stand & Deliver 2026|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260404235148/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lola-vice-wins-the-nxt-womens-title-at-nxt-stand-deliver-2026/|archive-date=April 4, 2026|access-date=April 4, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Myles Borne in November 2024 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Myles Borne]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | rowspan="3" align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] |align=left| Defeated [[Ethan Page]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|date=February 24, 2026|title=Myles Borne Def. Ethan Page For North American Championship On 2/24 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/myles-borne-def-ethan-page-for-north-american-championship-on-2-24-wwe-nxt/|access-date=February 24, 2026|work=Fightful}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Women's North American Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Zaria (wrestler)|Zaria]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | June 9, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|June 9, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[Tatum Paxley]] on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=ZARIA Def. Tatum Paxley To Capture Women's North American Championship On 6/9 WWE NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/zaria-def-tatum-paxley-to-capture-womens-north-american-championship-on-6-9-wwe-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=June 9, 2026|access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[NXT Tag Team Championship]] | align="center" | [[File:Paparazzo_Photography_Brad_Baylor.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Ricky Smokes (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | The Vanity Project<br>{{small|([[Brad Baylor]] and [[Ricky Smokes]])}} | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | February 24, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|February 24, 2026}} | align=left | Defeated [[DarkState]] (Osiris Griffin and [[Saquon Shugars]]) on ''[[WWE NXT|NXT]]''. | <ref name="VanityProjectTag">{{Cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Vanity Project Crowned New NXT Tag Team Champions After Tony D’Angelo Cost DarkState The Titles|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/vanity-project-crowned-new-nxt-tag-team-champions-after-tony-dangelo-cost-darkstate-the-titles/|work=Fightful|date=February 24, 2026|access-date=February 24, 2026}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;" |- !colspan="10" style="background:#CBC3E3;"|[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]] |- !Championship !colspan="2"|Current champion(s) !Reign !Date Won !Days<br/ >held !Days<br/ >rec. !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Men's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Aaron Rourke enterance 12162019 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Aaron Rourke]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| February 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|February 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|March 18, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left | Defeated [[Jackson Drake]] on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''. WWE lists the start of Rourke's reign on March 18, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=7436|title=WWE EVOLVE Championship|publisher=Cagematch.net|access-date=March 18, 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/new-mens-wwe-evolve-champion-crowned/|title=New men's WWE Evolve Champion crowned|date=March 18, 2026|first=Shounak|last=Chakrabarti|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=March 19, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Evolve Women's Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:Karen Q in April 2018 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center"| [[Wendy Choo]] | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 20, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 20, 2026}} | align="center"| {{age in days|April 15, 2026}} | align=left | Last pinned [[Nikkita Lyons]] in an eight-woman [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|Gauntlet match]] to win the vacant title on ''[[WWE Evolve|Evolve]]''.<br>WWE lists the start of Choo's reign on April 15, 2026, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Nason|first=Josh|title=New WWE Evolve Women's Champion crowned|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/wendy-choo-new-wwe-evolve-womens-champion/|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|date=April 15, 2026|access-date=April 16, 2026}}</ref> |} {|class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:silver;" |[[WWE ID]] |- !Championship ! colspan="2" |Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br />held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |- | align="center"| [[WWE ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Chazz "Starboy" Hall | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| March 23, 2026 | align="center"| {{age in days|March 23, 2026}} | rowspan="2" align="center"| [[Cranston, Rhode Island]] | align=left| Defeated [[Cappuccino Jones]] at Beyond Wrestling's event, Wrestling Open RI 44: "One of These Nights", also earning a WWE ID contract. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/cappuccino-jones-becomes-first-ever-wwe-id-mens-champion/|title=Cappuccino Jones Becomes First-Ever WWE ID Men's Champion|date=August 1, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> |- | align="center"| [[WWE Women's ID Championship]] | align="center"| [[File:No image available.svg|100px]] | align="center"| Laynie Luck | align="center"| 1 | align="center"| November 17, 2025 | align="center" | {{age in days|November 17, 2025}} | align=left| Defeated Brittnie Brooks, Notorious Mimi, Shannon Levangie, Tiara James, and Airica Demia in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|six-woman elimination match]] to win the vacant title at Wrestling Open Rhode Island's event, Wrestling Open RI 33. | align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wrestling-open-ri-results-11-17-new-wwe-id-womens-champion/|title=Wrestling Open RI Results (11/17): New WWE ID Women’s Champion|date=November 17, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=November 18, 2025}}</ref> |} === Open === {| class=wikitable style="font-size:85%; text-align:center" |- !colspan=9 style=background:#B9FFC5|Open |- !Championship !colspan="2" | Current champion(s) !Reign !Date won !Days<br>held !Location !Notes !{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]{{efn|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'' and ''NXT''.}} | align="center" | [[File:Brie Bella Sep 2014.jpg|100px]]<br>[[File:Saraya Bevis, September 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Brie Bella]] and [[Paige (wrestler)|Paige]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 18, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 18, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Paradise, Nevada]] | align=left | Defeated previous champions The Irresistible Forces ([[Nia Jax]] and [[Lash Legend]]), [[Bayley (wrestler)|Bayley]] and [[Lyra Valkyria]], and [[Charlotte Flair]] and [[Alexa Bliss]], with Paige pinning Bliss, in a [[Fatal four-way match|Fatal four-way tag team match]] at [[WrestleMania 42]] Night 1. Paige replaced Brie's sister [[Nikki Bella|Nikki]], who got injured before the event. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/18/paige-returns-to-wwe-at-wrestlemania-42-to-capture-womens-tag-team-titles-with-brie-bella/|title=Paige returns to WWE at WrestleMania 42 to capture Women's Tag Team Titles with Brie Bella|date=April 18, 2026|first=Neal|last=Flanagan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 18, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed|Available to wrestlers from ''Raw'', ''SmackDown'', ''NXT'', ''Evolve'', ''WWE ID'', [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]], and [[Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide]].}} | align="center" | [[File:Brian Pillman Jr, 2020 (cropped).jpg|100px]]<!-- Do not use placeholder image per WP:IPH --> | align="center" | [[Lexis King]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | April 21, 2026 | align="center" | {{age in days|April 21, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Orlando, Florida]] | align=left |Defeated [[EK Prosper]] in a tournament final to win the vacant title at [[WWE NXT|''NXT'': Revenge Week 2]]. | align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/lexis-king-captures-wwe-mens-speed-championship-at-nxt-revenge-week-two/|title=Lexis King Captures WWE Men's Speed Championship At NXT Revenge Week Two|date=April 21, 2026|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|work=Fightful|access-date=April 21, 2026}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[WWE Women's Speed Championship]]{{efn|name=speed}} | align="center" | [[File:Madi Wrenkowski, November 2023 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | align="center" | [[Wren Sinclair]] | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | March 17, 2026 | {{age in days|March 17, 2026}} | align="center" | [[Houston, Texas]] | align=left | Defeated [[Fallon Henley]] on [[WWE NXT|''NXT'']]. | <ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Andrew|title=Wren Sinclair Def. Fallon Henley For WWE Women’s Speed Championship On 3/17 NXT|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wren-sinclair-def-fallon-henley-for-wwe-womens-speed-championship-on-3-17-nxt/|work=Fightful|date=March 17, 2026|access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref> |} {{notelist}} ==Related pages== * [[List of WWE personnel]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{WWE Championships}} {{WWE}} [[Category:WWE wrestlers]] [[Category:Lists of professional wrestlers]] 562jen3a26ggf060ukg4uvbpyy9leo6 0 90726 10882403 10522808 2026-06-09T15:39:02Z ~2026-34130-81 1819144 10882403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = dame tu cosita | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status = LC | status_ref=<ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=51639|title=Turdus migratorius|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern</ref> | image = Turdus-migratorius-002.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = Adult | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Passerine|Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Thrush (bird)|Turdidae]] | genus = ''[[True thrush|Turdus]]'' | binomial = ''Turdus migratorius'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766<br />"in America ''septentrionali''" | range_map = American Robin-rangemap.png | range_map_width = 200px | range_map_caption = {{leftlegend|#FFFF00|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#00BE03|Year-round range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#0000FF|Wintering range|outline=gray}}}} [[File:Robin sings.ogv|right|thumb|Video of a male robin singing]] The '''American robin''' (''Turdus migratorius'') is a [[migration|migratory]] [[songbird]]. Also known as the North American robin,<ref name=Manwell>{{Citation |last1=Manwell |first1=Reginald D. |last2=Sessler |first2=Gloria J. |title=Blood Parasites of Pekin Robins (Liothrix luteus) |journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology |year=1973 |publisher=Department of Biology, Syracuse University |location=Syracuse |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=363–364 |doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.1973.tb00900.x |pmid=4199914 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119678048/PDFSTART }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> it belongs in the thrush [[family (biology)|family]], ''Turdidae''. It was named after the [[European robin]]. This is because the European robin has a bright orange-red face and breast. The two [[species]] are not closely related.<ref name=McCrum>{{cite book |last=McCrum |first=Robert |author2=William Cran, Robert MacNeil |title=The Story of English |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofenglish0000mccr |publisher= Faber and Faber |page=[https://archive.org/details/storyofenglish0000mccr/page/123 123] |year=1992 |isbn=0-571-16443-9}}</ref> The American robin has seven subspecies. ''T. m. confinis'' is the most different [[subspecies]].<ref name=Clement/> The American robin lives throughout [[North America]]. It is a rare vagrant to western [[Europe]] (a vagrant is a bird that is found outside its normal species' range). It has also been a vagrant to [[Greenland]], [[Jamaica]], [[Hispaniola]], [[Puerto Rico]], and [[Belize]].<ref name=Clement/> The American robin can be found in many different kinds of [[habitat]]s.<ref name=Cornell/> It likes open areas of ground to feed and areas with trees or [[shrub]]s to [[wikt:breed|breed]] and sleep.<ref name="ADW"/> Because it has a large range, the [[IUCN Red List]] says that the American robin will not decline, and is listed as of least concern.<ref name="iucn"/> The American robin begins to breed shortly after returning to northern North America after spending the winter in the south.<ref name="ADW"/> The female will choose where to build the [[bird nest|nest]]. She will make the nest with [[grass]], [[stick]]s, [[paper]], [[feather]]s, [[root]]lets, and [[moss]]. Once the nest is built, she will lay 3 to 5 [[egg (biology)|eggs]].<ref name=Cornell/> After the chicks leave the nest, both parents will continue to take care of them, until they can live on their own.<ref name="ADW"/> American robin eggs and juveniles are eaten by [[squirrel]]s, [[snake]]s, [[blue jay]]s, [[common grackle]]s, [[American crow]]s, and [[common raven]]s. The adults are eaten by [[hawk]]s, [[cat]]s, and larger snakes.<ref name="ADW"/> Sometimes, the [[brown-headed cowbird]] lays its eggs in the Robin's nest. This is called [[brood parasitism]]. However, the robin usually [[wikt:reject|rejects]] the [[cowbird]] eggs.<ref name="Wolfe">{{Citation |last=Wolfe |first=Donald H. |date=December 1994 |title=Brown-headed Cowbirds fledged from barn swallow and American robin nests |journal=The Wilson Bulletin |volume=106 |issue=4 |pages=764–766 }}</ref> ==Etymology== This species was first described in 1766 by [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]. It was described in the twelfth edition of his ''[[Systema naturae]]''. He called it ''Turdus migratorius''.<ref>{{in lang|la}} {{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=C | author-link=Carolus Linnaeus | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. | publisher=Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii) | year=1766| pages=292}}</ref><ref name="OED" /> ==Description== [[File:Immature Robin.jpg|thumb|left|Juvenile (young) robin]] The American robin is large songbird. It has a round body. Its legs are long. It has a long [[tail]].<ref name=Cornell/> It has a long, yellow [[bill]].<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/infocenter/i7610id.html |title=American robin Turdus migratorius |work=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=2 April 2010 |archive-date=28 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628203215/http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/i7610id.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is dark gray-brown on its head, back, wings, and tail. It has an orange-red breast. There is a white patch on the underside of the belly, near the tail. This can be seen when it is flying.<ref name=Cornell>{{cite web |url=http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/american_robin/id |title=American Robin |work=The Cornell Lab of Ornithology |access-date=30 March 2010}}</ref> American robins that live in western North America are very pale (pale means light in color). American robins that live in eastern [[Canada]] are very bright.<ref name=Cornell/> They have a white [[throat]]. It has black stripes in it.<ref name="ADW"/> Females have lighter gray-brown heads than males.<ref name=Cornell/> They also have lighter orange-red breasts.<ref name=Clement>Clement, Peter; Hathway, Ren; Wilczur, Jan (2000). ''Thrushes (Helm Identification Guides).'' Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd. {{ISBN|0-7136-3940-7}}</ref> A young American robin (called a juvenile) is also lighter than the male. It has dark spots on its breast.<ref name="ADW"/> Both sexes are 20–28 [[centimeter|cm]] (7.9–11 [[inch|in]]) long. They have a [[wingspan]] of 31–40&nbsp;cm (12.2–15.7&nbsp;in).<ref name="Cornell"/> American robins that live in western North America are very pale. American robins that live in eastern Canada are very bright.<ref name=Cornell/> The American robin was named after the European robin. This is because the European robin has a bright orange-red face and breast. The two species are not closely related.<ref name="McCrum"/> The American robin has seven subspecies. They are very hard to tell apart and they do breed with each other. ==Range and distribution== The American robin can be found all over North America. It is found from Alaska and Canada south to Mexico.<ref name=Cornell/> Most American robins winter in Florida and the Gulf States to Mexico to the [[Pacific]] Coast. They will sometimes winter in southern Canada and the northern United States.<ref name="ADW"/> The American robin is a rare vagrant to [[western Europe]]. Most of the American robins have been found in [[Britain]].<ref name=Clement/> The most recent sighting of an American robin in Britain was in January 2007.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1997214 "Village braced for invasion of twitchers as rare visitor flies in"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508082115/http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55 |date=2006-05-08 }}, John Roberts, Yorkshire Post, 26 January 2007</ref> It has also been a vagrant to Greenland, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Belize.<ref name=Clement/> ==Habitat== American robins are found in many different kinds of habitats. Some of them are [[garden]]s, [[park]]s, [[Yard (land)|yards]], fields, [[pasture]]s, [[tundra]], [[woodland]]s, [[pine]] [[forest]]s, and [[shrub]]lands.<ref name=Cornell/> They like open areas of ground to feed. They like areas with trees or shrubs to breed and sleep.<ref name="ADW"/> ==Status== The American robin has a large range. It is [[wikt:estimate|estimated]] that its range is 16 million square kilometers (6 million square miles). It is also estimated that there are about 320 million [[wikt:individual|individual]] American robins. The IUCN Red List says that the species is not believed to reach the threat of decline. It is therefore considered Least Concern.<ref name="iucn"/> American robins used to be killed for their meat.<ref name="ADW"/> They were killed in the southern states. The meat was thought as a very good food. The American robin is now protected in the United State by the Migratory Bird Act.<ref name="ADW"/> ==Behavior== [[File:Turdus migratorius with worms 1.jpg|thumb|American robin eating worms]] The American robin is most active during the day. During the winter, it groups together in large [[Bird#Flocks|flock]]s at night. They sleep together in thick [[vegetation]]. During the day, these large winter flocks break up into smaller flocks. They feed in these smaller flocks. During the summer, American robins are less [[social]]. This is because they are defending their breeding [[territory|territories]].<ref name="ADW"/> Juvenile robins spend their first four months of life near their nesting place. They then flock together with other American Robins before they [[migrate]] to their wintering places.<ref name="ADW"/> ===Diet=== {{Listen|filename=Turdus-migratorius-003.ogg|title=American robin|description=American robin song}} The American robin eats [[invertebrate]]s. In the spring, they like to eat [[earthworm]]s and [[snail]]s.<ref name=Cornell/> Some other invertebrates that American robins eat are [[beetle]]s, [[Larva|grubs]], and [[caterpillar]]s. It will also eat [[fruit]]s and [[Berry|berries]]. Some kinds of berries that they like to eat are [[chokecherry|chokecherries]], [[hawthorn]] berries, [[dogwood]] berries, [[sumac]] fruits, and [[juniper]] berries.<ref name=Cornell/> ==Breeding== [[File:Animaldetectorrobineggs.jpg|thumb|Nest with eggs]] [[File:AmericanRobinChicksInNest 1.jpg|thumb|Newly hatched chicks]] [[File:Robin chick 2 Galawebdesign.jpg|thumb|Chick]] The American robin begins to breed shortly after returning to northern North America after spending the winter in the south. It is one of the first North American birds to lay eggs. It has two to three [[brood]]s (a brood is a group of offspring) each breeding season. The breeding season starts in April and ends in July.<ref name="ADW">{{cite web |last=Dewey |first= Tanya |author2=Middleton, Candice |title= ''Turdus migratorius'' |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Turdus_migratorius.html |year=2002 |work=Animal Diversity Web|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology |access-date=2007-11-19}}</ref> It is one of the first birds to sing at [[dawn]]. Its song is made up of several small groups of sounds that are repeated. ===Nest=== The female chooses where to make the nest. She will usually make the nest on one or many branches that are hidden in leaves. In the west, the female will make the nest on the ground or in [[thicket]]s. In Alaska, the female will make the nest on a [[cliff]].<ref name=Cornell/> The female makes the nest. She starts with the inside. She uses grass and sticks to make a cup-shaped center. Other things that the female will use are paper, feathers, rootlets, and moss. After the center is done, she uses [[mud]] on the outside of the nest to make it stronger. She then puts soft grass in the cup. The nest is usually 15.2 to 20.3&nbsp;cm (6 to 8 in) long. It is 7.6 to 15.2&nbsp;cm high (3 to 6 in).<ref name=Cornell/> ===Eggs and young=== The female will lay 3 to 5 eggs in the nest. They are blue or blue-green. They are 2.8 to 3&nbsp;cm (1.1 to 1.2 in) long. They are 2.1&nbsp;cm (0.8&nbsp;in) wide.<ref name=Cornell/> Only the female incubates the eggs (incubate means that the adult will sit on the eggs and keep them warm and help the babies inside grow).<ref name="ADW"/> It takes 12 to 14 days for the eggs to hatch.<ref name=Cornell/> For the first few days, the chicks have no feathers and their eyes are closed.<ref name = IWRC>{{cite web |title= American Robin (''Turdus migratorius'') |url= http://www.iwrc-online.org/kids/Facts/Birds/robin.htm |publisher= International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council |access-date= 2008-01-21 |archive-date= 2007-10-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031214806/http://www.iwrc-online.org/kids/Facts/Birds/robin.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> The young live in the nest for about 13 days.<ref name=Cornell/> As the chicks grow older, the female will protect them only at night and during bad [[weather]]. After the juveniles leave the nest, they will follow their parents around and beg them for food.<ref name="ADW"/> Both parents help feed and protect the fledged (fledged means a young bird that has just learned how to fly) juveniles until they can live on their own. The adults will give an [[wikt:alarm|alarm]] call to warn the juveniles that there is a [[predator]] near by. The parents will then attack the predator. Some of the predators they will attack are cats and [[dog]]s. They will even go after humans if the human gets close to their young. Fledged juveniles are only able to fly short distances. The coloring of the juveniles helps them hide better in bushes or trees. This kind of coloring is called [[camouflage]].<ref name="ADW"/> Bird banders have found that only 25% of juvenile American robins live through their first year. The average life of an American Robin lasts about 2 years. The longest known lifespan of a wild American Robin is 14 years.<ref name="ADW"/> ==Threats== ===Predators=== Eggs and juvenile robins that still live in the nest are eaten by squirrels and snakes. Some birds also eat eggs and juvenile robins. When feeding together in flocks, American robins will watch each other for signs of predators. If a predator is seen, they will make a warning call.<ref name="ADW"/> Sometimes, the Brown-headed Cowbird lays its eggs in the robin's nest. This is called brood parasitism. The robin usually rejects the cowbird eggs. Because of this, brood parasitism by the cowbird is rare.<ref name="Wolfe" /> ===Disease=== The American robin is known to carry a [[disease]] called the [[West Nile Virus]]. This disease comes from [[mosquito]]es. [[Crow]]s and [[jay]]s are the first to die from this disease. The American robin is more responsible for the [[wikt:transmission|transmission]] of the disease to humans. This is because it lives longer with the disease than the crows and jays. This allows it to spread the disease to more mosquitoes which then spread the disease to humans and other animals.<ref name =NationalScienceFoundation2009>National Science Foundation: West Nile Virus: the search for answers in Chicago’s suburbs</ref><ref name=ScienceDaily>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090220191318.htm |title=Diversity of birds buffer against West Nile virus |work=Science Daily |access-date=3 April 2010}}</ref> ==In culture== The American robin is the state bird of [[Connecticut]], [[Michigan]], and [[Wisconsin]].<ref name="50 States">{{cite web|url=http://www.50states.com/bird/statelst.htm|author=50 States|title=50 States|access-date=July 25, 2007|archive-date=December 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223150305/http://www.50states.com/bird/statelst.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was also shown on a 1986 [[Canadian dollar|Canadian $2 note]], but it is no longer on the bill.<ref name="cpm">{{cite web|url=http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/1986_2.htm|title=Canadian Paper Money|author=Canadian Paper Money Society|access-date=January 18, 2008|archive-date=January 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103221320/http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/1986_2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CNbank">{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/general/character/1986_2.html|author=Bank of Canada|title=1986 Birds of Canada Series|access-date=January 18, 2008|archive-date=October 27, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027063440/http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/general/character/1986_2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is color named after the American robin's eggs. It is called ''robin's egg blue''.<ref name="OED">{{Cite book|title=The Oxford English Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0000jasi_second_ed|last1=J. A. Simpson|last2=E. S. C. Weiner|date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-861186-2|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|oclc=17648714}}</ref> The robin is considered a [[symbol]] of spring.<ref>{{cite book |last= Durant |first= Alan |author2= Fabb, Nigel |year=1995 |title = Literary Studies in Action |publisher = Routledge |page= 75 |isbn= 9780415029452 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Robin+symbol+spring&pg=PA75 | access-date = 2008-02-01}}</ref> A good example is a poem by [[Emily Dickinson]]. It is called ''I Dreaded That First Robin So''. There are other poems about the first robin of spring. One of them is ''The First Robin'' by Dr. William H. Drummond. According to the author's wife, it is based on a Quebec false belief. The belief says that whoever sees the first robin of spring will have good luck.<ref>{{cite book |last= Drummond |first= William Henry |author2= Drummond, May Harvey (preface) |year = 1908 |title= The Great Fight |publisher= G. P. Putnam's Sons |pages= xi, 81–86 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qZYOAAAAIAAJ | access-date = 2008-02-01}}</ref> == References == {{commonscat|Turdus migratorius}} {{wikispecies|Turdus migratorius}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Birds of North America]] [[Category:Thrushes]] studt5v5rcn8wilwkrwf9d8skweljw4 10882414 10882403 2026-06-09T15:49:42Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81|~2026-34130-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-34130-81|talk]]) to last version by Capybara007 10522808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = American robin | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status = LC | status_ref=<ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2006|assessors=BirdLife International|year=2004|id=51639|title=Turdus migratorius|downloaded=12 May 2006}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern</ref> | image = Turdus-migratorius-002.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = Adult | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Passerine|Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Thrush (bird)|Turdidae]] | genus = ''[[True thrush|Turdus]]'' | binomial = ''Turdus migratorius'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766<br />"in America ''septentrionali''" | range_map = American Robin-rangemap.png | range_map_width = 200px | range_map_caption = {{leftlegend|#FFFF00|Breeding range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#00BE03|Year-round range|outline=gray}}{{leftlegend|#0000FF|Wintering range|outline=gray}}}} [[File:Robin sings.ogv|right|thumb|Video of a male robin singing]] The '''American robin''' (''Turdus migratorius'') is a [[migration|migratory]] [[songbird]]. Also known as the North American robin,<ref name=Manwell>{{Citation |last1=Manwell |first1=Reginald D. |last2=Sessler |first2=Gloria J. |title=Blood Parasites of Pekin Robins (Liothrix luteus) |journal=Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology |year=1973 |publisher=Department of Biology, Syracuse University |location=Syracuse |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=363–364 |doi=10.1111/j.1550-7408.1973.tb00900.x |pmid=4199914 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119678048/PDFSTART }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> it belongs in the thrush [[family (biology)|family]], ''Turdidae''. It was named after the [[European robin]]. This is because the European robin has a bright orange-red face and breast. The two [[species]] are not closely related.<ref name=McCrum>{{cite book |last=McCrum |first=Robert |author2=William Cran, Robert MacNeil |title=The Story of English |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofenglish0000mccr |publisher= Faber and Faber |page=[https://archive.org/details/storyofenglish0000mccr/page/123 123] |year=1992 |isbn=0-571-16443-9}}</ref> The American robin has seven subspecies. ''T. m. confinis'' is the most different [[subspecies]].<ref name=Clement/> The American robin lives throughout [[North America]]. It is a rare vagrant to western [[Europe]] (a vagrant is a bird that is found outside its normal species' range). It has also been a vagrant to [[Greenland]], [[Jamaica]], [[Hispaniola]], [[Puerto Rico]], and [[Belize]].<ref name=Clement/> The American robin can be found in many different kinds of [[habitat]]s.<ref name=Cornell/> It likes open areas of ground to feed and areas with trees or [[shrub]]s to [[wikt:breed|breed]] and sleep.<ref name="ADW"/> Because it has a large range, the [[IUCN Red List]] says that the American robin will not decline, and is listed as of least concern.<ref name="iucn"/> The American robin begins to breed shortly after returning to northern North America after spending the winter in the south.<ref name="ADW"/> The female will choose where to build the [[bird nest|nest]]. She will make the nest with [[grass]], [[stick]]s, [[paper]], [[feather]]s, [[root]]lets, and [[moss]]. Once the nest is built, she will lay 3 to 5 [[egg (biology)|eggs]].<ref name=Cornell/> After the chicks leave the nest, both parents will continue to take care of them, until they can live on their own.<ref name="ADW"/> American robin eggs and juveniles are eaten by [[squirrel]]s, [[snake]]s, [[blue jay]]s, [[common grackle]]s, [[American crow]]s, and [[common raven]]s. The adults are eaten by [[hawk]]s, [[cat]]s, and larger snakes.<ref name="ADW"/> Sometimes, the [[brown-headed cowbird]] lays its eggs in the Robin's nest. This is called [[brood parasitism]]. However, the robin usually [[wikt:reject|rejects]] the [[cowbird]] eggs.<ref name="Wolfe">{{Citation |last=Wolfe |first=Donald H. |date=December 1994 |title=Brown-headed Cowbirds fledged from barn swallow and American robin nests |journal=The Wilson Bulletin |volume=106 |issue=4 |pages=764–766 }}</ref> ==Etymology== This species was first described in 1766 by [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]. It was described in the twelfth edition of his ''[[Systema naturae]]''. He called it ''Turdus migratorius''.<ref>{{in lang|la}} {{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=C | author-link=Carolus Linnaeus | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. | publisher=Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii) | year=1766| pages=292}}</ref><ref name="OED" /> ==Description== [[File:Immature Robin.jpg|thumb|left|Juvenile (young) robin]] The American robin is large songbird. It has a round body. Its legs are long. It has a long [[tail]].<ref name=Cornell/> It has a long, yellow [[bill]].<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/infocenter/i7610id.html |title=American robin Turdus migratorius |work=U.S. Geological Survey |access-date=2 April 2010 |archive-date=28 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628203215/http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/i7610id.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is dark gray-brown on its head, back, wings, and tail. It has an orange-red breast. There is a white patch on the underside of the belly, near the tail. This can be seen when it is flying.<ref name=Cornell>{{cite web |url=http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/american_robin/id |title=American Robin |work=The Cornell Lab of Ornithology |access-date=30 March 2010}}</ref> American robins that live in western North America are very pale (pale means light in color). American robins that live in eastern [[Canada]] are very bright.<ref name=Cornell/> They have a white [[throat]]. It has black stripes in it.<ref name="ADW"/> Females have lighter gray-brown heads than males.<ref name=Cornell/> They also have lighter orange-red breasts.<ref name=Clement>Clement, Peter; Hathway, Ren; Wilczur, Jan (2000). ''Thrushes (Helm Identification Guides).'' Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd. {{ISBN|0-7136-3940-7}}</ref> A young American robin (called a juvenile) is also lighter than the male. It has dark spots on its breast.<ref name="ADW"/> Both sexes are 20–28 [[centimeter|cm]] (7.9–11 [[inch|in]]) long. They have a [[wingspan]] of 31–40&nbsp;cm (12.2–15.7&nbsp;in).<ref name="Cornell"/> American robins that live in western North America are very pale. American robins that live in eastern Canada are very bright.<ref name=Cornell/> The American robin was named after the European robin. This is because the European robin has a bright orange-red face and breast. The two species are not closely related.<ref name="McCrum"/> The American robin has seven subspecies. They are very hard to tell apart and they do breed with each other. ==Range and distribution== The American robin can be found all over North America. It is found from Alaska and Canada south to Mexico.<ref name=Cornell/> Most American robins winter in Florida and the Gulf States to Mexico to the [[Pacific]] Coast. They will sometimes winter in southern Canada and the northern United States.<ref name="ADW"/> The American robin is a rare vagrant to [[western Europe]]. Most of the American robins have been found in [[Britain]].<ref name=Clement/> The most recent sighting of an American robin in Britain was in January 2007.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1997214 "Village braced for invasion of twitchers as rare visitor flies in"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508082115/http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55 |date=2006-05-08 }}, John Roberts, Yorkshire Post, 26 January 2007</ref> It has also been a vagrant to Greenland, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Belize.<ref name=Clement/> ==Habitat== American robins are found in many different kinds of habitats. Some of them are [[garden]]s, [[park]]s, [[Yard (land)|yards]], fields, [[pasture]]s, [[tundra]], [[woodland]]s, [[pine]] [[forest]]s, and [[shrub]]lands.<ref name=Cornell/> They like open areas of ground to feed. They like areas with trees or shrubs to breed and sleep.<ref name="ADW"/> ==Status== The American robin has a large range. It is [[wikt:estimate|estimated]] that its range is 16 million square kilometers (6 million square miles). It is also estimated that there are about 320 million [[wikt:individual|individual]] American robins. The IUCN Red List says that the species is not believed to reach the threat of decline. It is therefore considered Least Concern.<ref name="iucn"/> American robins used to be killed for their meat.<ref name="ADW"/> They were killed in the southern states. The meat was thought as a very good food. The American robin is now protected in the United State by the Migratory Bird Act.<ref name="ADW"/> ==Behavior== [[File:Turdus migratorius with worms 1.jpg|thumb|American robin eating worms]] The American robin is most active during the day. During the winter, it groups together in large [[Bird#Flocks|flock]]s at night. They sleep together in thick [[vegetation]]. During the day, these large winter flocks break up into smaller flocks. They feed in these smaller flocks. During the summer, American robins are less [[social]]. This is because they are defending their breeding [[territory|territories]].<ref name="ADW"/> Juvenile robins spend their first four months of life near their nesting place. They then flock together with other American Robins before they [[migrate]] to their wintering places.<ref name="ADW"/> ===Diet=== {{Listen|filename=Turdus-migratorius-003.ogg|title=American robin|description=American robin song}} The American robin eats [[invertebrate]]s. In the spring, they like to eat [[earthworm]]s and [[snail]]s.<ref name=Cornell/> Some other invertebrates that American robins eat are [[beetle]]s, [[Larva|grubs]], and [[caterpillar]]s. It will also eat [[fruit]]s and [[Berry|berries]]. Some kinds of berries that they like to eat are [[chokecherry|chokecherries]], [[hawthorn]] berries, [[dogwood]] berries, [[sumac]] fruits, and [[juniper]] berries.<ref name=Cornell/> ==Breeding== [[File:Animaldetectorrobineggs.jpg|thumb|Nest with eggs]] [[File:AmericanRobinChicksInNest 1.jpg|thumb|Newly hatched chicks]] [[File:Robin chick 2 Galawebdesign.jpg|thumb|Chick]] The American robin begins to breed shortly after returning to northern North America after spending the winter in the south. It is one of the first North American birds to lay eggs. It has two to three [[brood]]s (a brood is a group of offspring) each breeding season. The breeding season starts in April and ends in July.<ref name="ADW">{{cite web |last=Dewey |first= Tanya |author2=Middleton, Candice |title= ''Turdus migratorius'' |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Turdus_migratorius.html |year=2002 |work=Animal Diversity Web|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology |access-date=2007-11-19}}</ref> It is one of the first birds to sing at [[dawn]]. Its song is made up of several small groups of sounds that are repeated. ===Nest=== The female chooses where to make the nest. She will usually make the nest on one or many branches that are hidden in leaves. In the west, the female will make the nest on the ground or in [[thicket]]s. In Alaska, the female will make the nest on a [[cliff]].<ref name=Cornell/> The female makes the nest. She starts with the inside. She uses grass and sticks to make a cup-shaped center. Other things that the female will use are paper, feathers, rootlets, and moss. After the center is done, she uses [[mud]] on the outside of the nest to make it stronger. She then puts soft grass in the cup. The nest is usually 15.2 to 20.3&nbsp;cm (6 to 8 in) long. It is 7.6 to 15.2&nbsp;cm high (3 to 6 in).<ref name=Cornell/> ===Eggs and young=== The female will lay 3 to 5 eggs in the nest. They are blue or blue-green. They are 2.8 to 3&nbsp;cm (1.1 to 1.2 in) long. They are 2.1&nbsp;cm (0.8&nbsp;in) wide.<ref name=Cornell/> Only the female incubates the eggs (incubate means that the adult will sit on the eggs and keep them warm and help the babies inside grow).<ref name="ADW"/> It takes 12 to 14 days for the eggs to hatch.<ref name=Cornell/> For the first few days, the chicks have no feathers and their eyes are closed.<ref name = IWRC>{{cite web |title= American Robin (''Turdus migratorius'') |url= http://www.iwrc-online.org/kids/Facts/Birds/robin.htm |publisher= International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council |access-date= 2008-01-21 |archive-date= 2007-10-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031214806/http://www.iwrc-online.org/kids/Facts/Birds/robin.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> The young live in the nest for about 13 days.<ref name=Cornell/> As the chicks grow older, the female will protect them only at night and during bad [[weather]]. After the juveniles leave the nest, they will follow their parents around and beg them for food.<ref name="ADW"/> Both parents help feed and protect the fledged (fledged means a young bird that has just learned how to fly) juveniles until they can live on their own. The adults will give an [[wikt:alarm|alarm]] call to warn the juveniles that there is a [[predator]] near by. The parents will then attack the predator. Some of the predators they will attack are cats and [[dog]]s. They will even go after humans if the human gets close to their young. Fledged juveniles are only able to fly short distances. The coloring of the juveniles helps them hide better in bushes or trees. This kind of coloring is called [[camouflage]].<ref name="ADW"/> Bird banders have found that only 25% of juvenile American robins live through their first year. The average life of an American Robin lasts about 2 years. The longest known lifespan of a wild American Robin is 14 years.<ref name="ADW"/> ==Threats== ===Predators=== Eggs and juvenile robins that still live in the nest are eaten by squirrels and snakes. Some birds also eat eggs and juvenile robins. When feeding together in flocks, American robins will watch each other for signs of predators. If a predator is seen, they will make a warning call.<ref name="ADW"/> Sometimes, the Brown-headed Cowbird lays its eggs in the robin's nest. This is called brood parasitism. The robin usually rejects the cowbird eggs. Because of this, brood parasitism by the cowbird is rare.<ref name="Wolfe" /> ===Disease=== The American robin is known to carry a [[disease]] called the [[West Nile Virus]]. This disease comes from [[mosquito]]es. [[Crow]]s and [[jay]]s are the first to die from this disease. The American robin is more responsible for the [[wikt:transmission|transmission]] of the disease to humans. This is because it lives longer with the disease than the crows and jays. This allows it to spread the disease to more mosquitoes which then spread the disease to humans and other animals.<ref name =NationalScienceFoundation2009>National Science Foundation: West Nile Virus: the search for answers in Chicago’s suburbs</ref><ref name=ScienceDaily>{{cite web |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090220191318.htm |title=Diversity of birds buffer against West Nile virus |work=Science Daily |access-date=3 April 2010}}</ref> ==In culture== The American robin is the state bird of [[Connecticut]], [[Michigan]], and [[Wisconsin]].<ref name="50 States">{{cite web|url=http://www.50states.com/bird/statelst.htm|author=50 States|title=50 States|access-date=July 25, 2007|archive-date=December 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223150305/http://www.50states.com/bird/statelst.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was also shown on a 1986 [[Canadian dollar|Canadian $2 note]], but it is no longer on the bill.<ref name="cpm">{{cite web|url=http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/1986_2.htm|title=Canadian Paper Money|author=Canadian Paper Money Society|access-date=January 18, 2008|archive-date=January 3, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103221320/http://www.cdnpapermoney.com/English/BoC/1986_2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CNbank">{{cite web|url=http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/general/character/1986_2.html|author=Bank of Canada|title=1986 Birds of Canada Series|access-date=January 18, 2008|archive-date=October 27, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027063440/http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/general/character/1986_2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is color named after the American robin's eggs. It is called ''robin's egg blue''.<ref name="OED">{{Cite book|title=The Oxford English Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishdic0000jasi_second_ed|last1=J. A. Simpson|last2=E. S. C. Weiner|date=1989|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=0-19-861186-2|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|oclc=17648714}}</ref> The robin is considered a [[symbol]] of spring.<ref>{{cite book |last= Durant |first= Alan |author2= Fabb, Nigel |year=1995 |title = Literary Studies in Action |publisher = Routledge |page= 75 |isbn= 9780415029452 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZqAOAAAAQAAJ&dq=Robin+symbol+spring&pg=PA75 | access-date = 2008-02-01}}</ref> A good example is a poem by [[Emily Dickinson]]. It is called ''I Dreaded That First Robin So''. There are other poems about the first robin of spring. One of them is ''The First Robin'' by Dr. William H. Drummond. According to the author's wife, it is based on a Quebec false belief. The belief says that whoever sees the first robin of spring will have good luck.<ref>{{cite book |last= Drummond |first= William Henry |author2= Drummond, May Harvey (preface) |year = 1908 |title= The Great Fight |publisher= G. P. Putnam's Sons |pages= xi, 81–86 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qZYOAAAAIAAJ | access-date = 2008-02-01}}</ref> == References == {{commonscat|Turdus migratorius}} {{wikispecies|Turdus migratorius}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Birds of North America]] [[Category:Thrushes]] nfrh9xwvgu1pylano4lsaaq4wx6jvrb 0 96114 10883030 10870455 2026-06-10T09:33:25Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883030 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Egypt (9198209585).jpg|thumb|Coptic Egyptian priests]] '''Copts''' are a [[Christian]] ethno-religious group primarily found living in [[Egypt]]. The [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Church]] is the largest denomination found in Egypt, the [[Middle East]] and [[North Africa]] ([[MENA|MENA-region]]). Copts have a distinct cultural practice and religious [[doctrine]]. == History == The Coptic Orthodox Church is believed to be founded by [[Mark the Evangelist|Saint Mark the Evangelist]] in [[Alexandria]] around 42 AD.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5743/cairo/9789774247576.001.0001|title=Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity|last=Meinardus|first=Otto F. A.|date=2010-10-15|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-977-424-757-6|pages=28|doi=10.5743/cairo/9789774247576.001.0001 }}</ref> But already before that the holy family visited Egypt. Joseph and Mary had to flee from Bethlehem with baby [[Jesus]]. It is believed that everywhere they came all [[Paganism|paegan]] depictures would vanish.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=De Koptische Kerk Vraag en Antwoord|last=Khalil|first=Elham|publisher=Uitgeverij J.H. Kok|year=1992|isbn=90 242 6843 5|location=Kampen|pages=15|trans-title=The Coptic Church Questions and Answers}}</ref> After its foundation by Saint Mark [[christianity]] spread fast into the heartlands of Egypt with Alexandria as capital. Connecting the [[Nile|Nile River]], [[Red Sea]], and the [[Mediterranean Sea]], Alexandria was one of the largest port cities in Egypt where local produces such as grains were exported to other parts of the word. Which made it easy to spread the Coptic message. Later in the [[First Council of Nicaea|Council of Nicaea]] organized by Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine I]] in 325 C.E., the [[Patriarchate of Alexandria|Church of Alexandria]] was elevated to the rank of [[Patriarch of Alexandria|Patriarchate]] alongside Rome and [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{Cite web|first=|date=Apr 28, 2023|title=First Council of Nicaea|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Council-of-Nicaea-325|access-date=May 22, 2023|website=First Council of Nicaea}}</ref> === The Spread of Monastic Christianity === Rooted in the crossroad between East and West, the Church of Alexandria consequently had a profound impact on spreading the faith to its surrounding areas. One greatest achievement of the Church of Alexandria was the spread of monasticism. The spread of monasticism can be traced back to [[:en:Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony the Great]]. Having lived an [[Asceticism|ascetic]] life for twenty years in a cave in a desert mountain called Mt. Pispir, only eating bread, salt, and water, Anthony’s action soon attracted followers who voluntarily vowed as his disciple. His disciples then carried his monastic style of teachings and approaches to all directions, including places like Palestine, [[Marseille]], [[Mesopotamia]], [[Anatolia|Asia Minor]], Syria, [[Ethiopia]], and even Ireland.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity|last=Meinardus|first=Otto F.A.|publisher=The American UNiversity in Cairo Press|year=2002|isbn=978-9774167454|location=Egypt|pages=35–37}}</ref> === Era of the Martyrs—Religious Persecution Under the Romans === The Coptic Orthodox Church is known as church of the [[Martyr|martyrs]], not only because of the many martyrs but also because of the desire of the believers to become a martyr. Under the Roman rule of Egypt the Copts were severely persecuted. This [[persecution]] came to a climax during the rule of [[Diocletian]]. He personally came to Egypt to destroy christianity, around 800.000 Copts were killed.<ref name=":0" /> === Under Islamic rule === The death of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] in 632 AD marked the start of the [[Rashidun Empire|Rashidun Caliphate]] era in the Middle East. The term Rashidun literally means rightly guided; it refers to the first four Islamic caliphs who were considered rightfully elected by the [[ummah]]. Under the rule of [[Caliph Uthman]], Rashidun Arab armies started to invade Syria, Mesopotamia, and [[Fars province|Fars]] regions, the former territories of the [[Byzantine Empire]], and the [[Sassanid Empire]]. A drastic change happened to the Egyptian religious milieux with the [[Arab conquest of Egypt]] by Muslim general [[Amr ibn al-As]] in 639. Initially, native Egyptian Christians were tolerated because they were [[Ahl al-Kitab]], or the [[People of the Book]]. In return for tolerance, Christians had to pay the [[Jizya]] tax and were forbidden from entering the army. Although tolerated by the system in theory, in practice, Copts in Egypt suffered economically, and several uprisings against their Muslim overlords happened as well. Meanwhile, to suppress the uprisings, the Islamic governments from time to time confiscated church properties and imprisoned some important members of the Church. As a result, many of them converted to Islam to avoid the heavy tax. Eventually by the Ninth century, Arab Muslims gained the majority in Egypt. === European Intervention, Enlightenment, and Nationalism === '''The French Invasion of Egypt''' When [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] launched his French campaign in Egypt in 1798 starting with Alexandria, several local native Copts sought this as an opportunity. A formal tax collector of the [[Upper Egypt]] under the Ottoman-[[Mamluk Sultanate|mamluk]] rule [[Mu'allam Ya'qub Tadrus]], for instance, became a joint commander alongside [[general Desiax]] during his conquest of Upper Egypt. After Napoleon's retreat, Ya'qub was even in charge of a Coptic legion under the French army system.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity|last=Meinardus|first=Otto F.A.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2002|isbn=9774247574|location=Egypt|pages=67}}</ref> Another former tax collector Mu'allim Girgis al-Gawhari served as the minister of finance under Napoleon's expedition. During his term, he donated some lands to the Coptic Church.<ref name=":1" /> Although individual Copts seek opportunities in the French occupation, the Coptic community as a whole remained the same as under the Ottoman rule. They were still marginalized and lack much political power outside their communities. There were only a few individual who could serve as tax collectors or government advisors occasionally, seeking for opportunities both for themselves and for their communities. '''Under Muhammad Ali''' Since the departure of Napoleon from Egypt, the Ottoman forces soon regain control over Egypt. Many Christian Egyptians were accused of cooperating with the French army, and many of them got sentenced to death.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity|last=Meinardus|first=Otto F.A.|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2002|isbn=9774247574|location=Egypt|pages=68}}</ref> As [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Muhammad Ali]] took control of Egypt however, Copts, alongside Armenians and [[Jew]] enjoyed an unprecedented freedom and promotion in Muhammad Ali's government. Contrary to the [[Millet system]] under the Ottomans, Muhammad Ali promoted officers based on their merit and connection to local communities. Consequently as a power broker between the government and the regional population, former tax collectors, religious figures, and military officers got promoted to Ali's government as bureaucrats. Under Ali's reform, Copts such as [[al-Mu'allim Ghali]] got promoted to Ali's financial advisor.<ref name=":2" /> === Coptic Church and its Community === As a continuation of the Ottoman Millet System, Coptic [[clergy]] continued to hold a great influence on its community. They were not only in charge of religious services but was also in control of meddling day-to-day activities such as legal disputes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Afifi|first=Muhammad|date=1999|title=The State and the Church in Nineteenth-Century Egypt|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1571250|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=39|issue=3|pages=279|doi=10.1163/1570060991570659|jstor=1571250|via=JSTOR}}</ref> However, since [[Sharia]] court also coexisted alongside the Coptic Jurisdiction, and Copts often switched between different courts when the law serves their interests better.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Afifi|first=Muhammad|date=1999|title=State, Law and Society in Nineteenth-Century Egypt|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1571250|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=39|pages=280|doi=10.1163/1570060991570659|jstor=1571250|via=JSTOR}}</ref> In a societal sense, this can be seen as a competition between Islam and Coptic Christianity. Although to individuals, they were only opportunists who tried to maximize their rights and profits. Similar trend continues when the Ottoman [[Tanzimat]] Reforms got adopted by the Egyptian government. In this case, Copts continued to switch between affirming Coptic laws and State Laws when the terms suits their interests.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Afifi|first=Muhammad|date=1999|title=The State and the Church in Nineteenth-Century Egypt|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1571250|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=39|issue=3|pages=284|doi=10.1163/1570060991570659|jstor=1571250|via=JSTOR}}</ref> == Dogma == === Theology === The main theological ideas of the Coptic Orthodox church are: * Faith in a loving God * Revelation of God through his son [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]] * [[Monotheism|Monotheïsm]] and the [[Trinity|holy trinity]] * [[Angel|Angels]] and [[Saint|Saints]] pray for the believers from heaven [[File:Coptic Christian Church relief wall.JPG|thumb|An iconostasis on the inside of a Coptic Orthodox Christian Church located in St. Bishops monastery in Lower Egypt.]] The Church is: * Sole * Holy * Universal * Apostolic The seven sacraments are: * The holy sacrament of [[baptism]] * The holy sacrament of [[chrismation]] * The holy sacrament of [[Confession of faith|confession]] * The holy sacrament of [[eucharist]] * The holy sacrament of [[Anointing|anointment]] of the sick * The holy sacrament of [[Marriage]] * The holy sacrament of [[priesthood]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Een Altaar in Egypte|last=El Baramousy|first=Hugemon Arsenious|last2=Mossaad|first2=Anton|publisher=Stichting Koptische Kerk Nederland|year=2008|isbn=978-90-75620-06-1|pages=58-67}}</ref> === Icons === Another important theological aspect of the Coptic Orthodox Church is the use of [[Icon|icons]]. An Icon can be a picture of Jesus or a saint. But it is not just art. An icon is believed to be a vessel through which you can see the light of God. Looking at it surrounds you with the kingdom of God which is accessible through Jesus. Through an icon you can see a glimpse of [[eternity]] and God's divine light. Icons proclaim the faith of the church and serve to educate and edify.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Azzi|first=Elie|date=2019-05-22|title=What does the Church believe about icons and their use?|url=https://copticorthodoxanswers.org/faith-sacraments-theology/what-does-the-church-believe-about-icons-and-their-use/|access-date=2024-05-15|website=Coptic Orthodox Answers|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515193350/https://copticorthodoxanswers.org/faith-sacraments-theology/what-does-the-church-believe-about-icons-and-their-use/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Patriarchy === [[File:Tawadros II.jpg|thumb|Pope Theodore II of Alexandria]] The pope of Alexandria is the [[patriarch]] or leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church. The first patriarch was Anianus who was Saint Mark's successor. Since then there is a uninterrupted line of patriarchs.<ref name=":3" /> The current patriarch is Theodore II. === Schisms === Despite the elevation of the Church of Alexandria, religious persecutions were still wide spread due to multiple theological controversies throughout the entire Christian world. ==== Arian Controversy ==== Before the concept of [[Trinity|Holy Trinity]] was publicly announced and accepted by most Christian schools in the council of Nicaea, most churches enjoyed freedom of interpretation to the Bible and religious doctrines. Consequently, as a hot topic among theologians, discussions over the essence of God and the Christ prevailed throughout the debates. In either year 318 or 320 AD, Arius, a former presbyter ([[priest]] who preaches) in Alexandria publicly announced that the Holy Father and the Christ are different by nature. Arius's idea, known as [[Nontrinitarianism]], holds that the Christ is distinct from the Holy Father himself and is therefore God's creation. Arius's opponent [[Athanasius of Alexandria]] and [[:en:Pope Alexander I of Alexandria|Saint Alexander]] on the other hand, believed that [[God the Father]], Christ the Son, and the Holy Spirit are consubstantial, or same in their essences. In the Council of Nicaea, Holy Trinity theory was publicly acclaimed; as a result, Arius was expelled from the council and condemned as [[heresy]]. Despite Arianism was denounced as heresy, a substantial group of followers in Egypt still believed in Arius's theory, and their influence in Alexandria was still prevalent. Therefore, dispute was inevitable. For instance, [[Athanasius|Athanasios]] of Alexandria, although being acclaimed as a great priest by later theologians, had a bad reputation for brutally suppressing his theological opponents in Alexandria while he was the [[Patriarch]] of Alexandria.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Haas|first=Christopher|date=1993|title=The Arians of Alexandria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1583805|journal=Vigiliae Christianae|volume=47|issue=3 |pages=235|doi=10.2307/1583805 |jstor=1583805 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> Nevertheless, as Emperor [[Constantine the Great|Constantine]], the main supporter of the [[Nicene Creed]], died in 337, Arianist theologians in Alexandria led by Gregory of Cappadocia organized an uprising with the support of street mobs. They soon took over the city and charged [[Athanasius|Athanasios]] for being an outlawed priest. As a result, Athanasios was forced to be expelled.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Haas|first=Christopher|date=1993|title=The Arians in Alexandria|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1583805|journal=Vigiliae Christianae|volume=47|issue=3 |pages=236|doi=10.2307/1583805 |jstor=1583805 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> ==== Chalcedonian Controversy ==== The [[council of Chalcedon]] was about the natures of Christ. [[Nestorianism|Nestorian]] taught that Christ was divided in two natures, God and human. His opponent [[Eutychianism|Eutyche]] believed there was only one Godly nature. The Coptic Orthodox Church teaches one nature, a whole of God and human.<ref name=":0" /> == Identity == === Origin === The word Copt is derived from the Greek word for an inhabitant of Egypt (Αἰγύπτιος): Qibt. The Copts seek to be a distinct ethnicity, both from other Christian denominations and other Egyptians. They view themselves as an ethnie, as the real descendants of the Pharaonic era and the original core of the Egyptian nation. In reality the differences between the Copts and other Egyptians are minor, due to many conversions to [[Islam]] and mixed marriages. Besides, some parts of the Coptic community identify as Egyptian, minimizing the ethnical distinction.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Nationalism and Minority Identities in Islamic Societies|last=Smith|first=Charles D.|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=2005|chapter=The Egyptian Copts: Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Definition of Identity for a Religious Minority}}</ref> === Minority === The Copts comprise about 6 to 7 percent of the Egyptian population.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Arab Christians of the Middle East|last=Fargues|first=Philippe|pages=59}}</ref> They are neither culturally nor ethnically distinctive from other Egyptians. Therefore, we can neither look at the Copts as a cultural nor an ethnical minority, but they are a religious minority within Egypt. The Copts usually stress their Egyptian national identity, which minimize the impact of them being a religious minority set against a muslim majority.<ref name=":4" /> There have been multiple [[Dispute|disputes]] within the Coptic community regarding their identity and [[Minority group|minority]]-status in the framework of the Egyptian nation. There is for example a discussion about whether the Copts should cooperate with the Egyptian government against radical [[Islamism|Islamist]] groups or not. This cooperation would lead to the minimization of the impact of being a minority, but the fighting of Muslim [[extremism]] coincides with stressing the [[Secularism|secular]] aspect of Egypt and supporting its government. Besides, a part of the Copts feel actively persecuted and discriminated against by the Egyptian government and would never cooperate with them.<ref name=":4" /> === Culture === ==== Coptic calendar ==== The Copts use the [[Coptic calendar]]. A Coptic year usually starts on the 29th of August and consists of 13 months.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Anno Domini: The Origins of the Christian Era|last=Declercq|first=Georges|year=2000|isbn=978-2-503-51050-7}}</ref> It started in 284 CE in the Year of the Martyrs, which corresponded with the first year of [[Diocletian]]'s rule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Coptic Calendar|url=https://stmarymn.org/services/liturgical-services/coptic-calendar/|access-date=2024-05-11|archive-date=2024-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511114621/https://stmarymn.org/services/liturgical-services/coptic-calendar/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Coptic language ==== The [[Coptic language]] is an Egyptian language consisting of both Greek and Demotic letters. It is nowadays only used as the [[liturgical language]] of the Coptic Church. ==== Occupation ==== Copts can be found at all income levels. The biggest occupational group among them are the peasants who live a simple life in tents in the country, indistinguishable from Muslim peasants. In the cities, Copts are particularly numerous in the private sector, both as employers and as employees. The majority of the pharmacies in Egypt are owned by Copts and a lot of them are doctors, lawyers and engineers.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Pennington|first=J.D.|date=02-04-1982|title=The Copts in Modern Egypt|url=http://www.jstor.com/stable/4282879|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=18}}</ref> [[File:Garbage City work at night.jpg|thumb|Zabaleen working at night in Garbage City, Cairo]] At the very bottom of the social scale are the zabaleen, Cairo's rubbish collectors, who are mainly Coptic christians. They set up an elaborate and efficient system of rubbish-collecting and recycling. The largest zabaleen-settlement is Mokattam village, better known as 'Garbage city'.<ref name=":5" /> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.copts.com/ Copts] [[Category:Copts]] [[Category:Indigenous peoples]] 0vzq301ndxby2padmoj6zgrk54e6np1 0 102412 10882433 10815083 2026-06-09T16:09:10Z HannaLollies 1819161 10882433 wikitext text/x-wiki 10882435 10882433 2026-06-09T16:12:34Z NDG 1452189 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/HannaLollies|HannaLollies]] ([[User talk:HannaLollies|talk]]) to last version by ChenzwBot 10802947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DuBois King Mandela Maathai Parks Truth.jpg|thumb|Famous black people: Above: [[W. E. B. Du Bois]], [[Martin Luther King]], and [[Nelson Mandela]]. Below: [[Wangari Maathai]], [[Rosa Parks]], and [[Sojourner Truth]].]] '''Black people''' is a term that is used for a [[race (sociology)|racial group]] of [[human|people]] with a dark skin color. The meaning of the word is mainly used for people of African descent that traces to indigenous groups south of the [[Sahara]], but also includes certain groups in [[Oceania]], [[Andaman Islands]] ([[South Asia]]) and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref group="note"> Other isolated groups in Oceania, Andaman Islands (South Asia) and Southeast Asia sometimes grouped as black include [[Indigenous Australians]] (including [[Torres Strait Islanders]]), [[Melanesia]]ns and [[Negrito]]s. </ref><ref>black. (n.d.). ''Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)''. Retrieved April 13, 2007, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/black Dictionary.com website]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter47/text47.htm |title=47. Relatives Western Asia |publisher=Andaman.org |accessdate=2010-04-10 |archive-date=2008-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820123838/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter47/text47.htm |url-status=deviated }}</ref> ==Black people in the Americas== ===United States=== [[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|Barack Obama]] {{Main|African Americans}} {{See also|Black Hispanic and Latino Americans}} Black people in the [[United States]] are called ''African Americans''. Before 1860, many Africans were brought to the United States in the European [[slave]] trade by white people. Many African slaves worked on cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and rice plantations in the [[Southern United States]] for their white slave masters.<ref>[https://www.history.com/.amp/news/slavery-profitable-southern-economy How Slavery Became the Economic Engine of the South]</ref> Later, other Africans came out of their free will. [[Discrimination]] against African Americans is a big problem. [[Black Lives Matter]] is a movement fighting against [[racism]]. In 2010, the cities with the largest numbers of African Americans were [[Detroit]] (670,000 black inhabitants) and [[Memphis]] (607,000 black inhabitants). In 2008, [[Barack Obama]] became the first African American [[president of the United States]]. In 2021, [[Kamala Harris]] became the first African American to be the [[Vice President of the United States]]. Some blacks in the United States are [[Black Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]], Caribbean or African because of immigration. Most recent African immigrants are refugees from [[East Africa]] such as [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]] etc. or high-skilled immigrants from Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sub-saharan-african-immigrants-united-states-2018 | title=Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States | date=5 November 2019 }}</ref> Most non-Hispanic blacks in the United States live in [[Southern United States|the South]]. States with a large black population are Texas, Georgia, Florida, New York, North Carolina, Maryland, Illinois, Virginia and Louisiana.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=61 | title=Black/African American - the Office of Minority Health }}</ref> [[New York City]], [[Chicago]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]] and [[Houston]] have the largest black population by city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/census_2000/cb01cn176.html | title=Majority of African Americans Live in 10 States; New York City and Chicago Are Cities with Largest Black Populations - Census 2000 - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> The first black people were brought to the United States by white colonizers on a Dutch boat from [[Angola]] in 1619 to the British colony of [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] in [[Virginia]].<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/how-slavery-flourished-united-states-chart-maps How slavery flourished in the United States]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/virginia-first-africans-transatlantic-slave-trade Stolen from Africa, enslaved people first arrived in colonial Virginia in 1619]</ref> === Latin America === [[File:Pele con brasil (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Pelé]], a Brazilian footballer]] {{See also|Afro-Cubans|Afro-Colombian|Afro-Brazilians|Afro-Mexicans}} White men who were Spanish colonizers shipped African slaves to Latin American countries such as [[Colombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]], [[Venezuela]], [[Cuba]], [[Guatemala]], [[Panama]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Puerto Rico]] and the [[Dominican Republic]] because of the decline of Native Americans from smallpox and disease. Native Americans were initially slaves but white Europeans turned to Africans because of the mass decline of the Native American population. Many Mestizos and Hispanics have African DNA from the slave trade because of the race mixing with white people, African slaves and Native Americans. Many African ex-slaves in Latin America are mixed race and have Native American and Spanish ancestry. "Mestizaje" in [[Latin America]] by the Spanish was similar to the racial whitening that happened in Brazil. === Caribbean === {{See also|Afro-Dominican|Afro-Haitian|Afro-Bahamian|Afro-Jamaican}} Black slaves were shipped to various Caribbean countries such as [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], [[The Bahamas]], [[Barbados]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. Europeans, mostly the British, the Dutch and the French brought Africans to the Caribbean to work on crops like [[coffee]], [[sugar]], [[cocoa]], [[cotton]] and [[indigo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recoveredhistories.org/storiescaribbean.php | title=Recovered Histories - Enslavement in the Caribbean | access-date=2020-09-25 | archive-date=2020-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105231830/http://www.recoveredhistories.org/storiescaribbean.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> === Canada === {{Main|Black Canadians}} There were 1.2 million black people living in [[Canada]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-657-x/89-657-x2019002-eng.htm | title=Diversity of the Black population in Canada: An overview | date=27 February 2019 }}</ref> ==Black people in other countries== === Germany === There were about 1 million black people living in [[Germany]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?|url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html|quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande. (There are about one million black people living in our country according to ISD.)}}</ref> Black people were racially discriminated and were considered inferior by the [[Nazi]]s along with [[Roma people|Gypsies]].<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306842 Blacks and Gypsies in Nazi Germany: the Limits of the 'Racial State' - JSTOR]</ref> ===India and Pakistan=== In [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] there are [[Siddi (South Asia)|Siddi]] people. Their [[ancestor]]s came from [[East Africa]].{{cn}} ===South Africa=== During [[apartheid]] people in South Africa were classified into four main races: Black, White, Asian (mostly Indian) and Coloured. Under apartheid black people were treated the most badly. Coloured people were treated slightly less badly. In [[South Africa]], Chinese people who lived there during apartheid are classified as black.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7461099.stm|title=S Africa Chinese 'become black'|date=18 June 2008|publisher=|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> About 80% of people in South Africa are black African. The income of the average white South African household is six times as much as that of the average black South African household.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-30/south-africa-s-racial-income-inequality-persists-census-shows.html|title=South Africa's Racial Income Inequality Persists, Census Shows|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> ===United Kingdom=== {{Main|Black British}} Black people in the [[United Kingdom]] are defined by terms used by the Office for National Statistics. They make up 3.3% of the people in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/articles/ethnicityandnationalidentityinenglandandwales/2012-12-11|title=Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics|website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> Of course, these terms may or may not be used in everyday life. ===Palestine=== {{Main| Black Palestinians}} ===Turkey=== {{Main| Afro-Turks}} == Related pages == * [[Africa]] * [[African American]] * [[White people]] * [[Afro-Asian]] == Notes == <references group="note" /> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ethnic groups]] [[Category:Historical races]] 65f58gerk9gpqrhiqyndq9cybqq95bo 10882465 10882435 2026-06-09T17:01:10Z 10882465 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DuBois King Mandela Maathai Parks Truth.jpg|thumb|Famous black people: Above: [[W. E. B. Du Bois]], [[Martin Luther King]], and [[Nelson Mandela]]. Below: [[Wangari Maathai]], [[Rosa Parks]], and [[Sojourner Truth]].]] '''Black people''' is a term that is used for a [[race (sociology)|racial group]] of [[human|people]] with a dark skin color. The meaning of the word is mainly used for people of African descent that traces to indigenous groups south of the [[Sahara]], but also includes certain groups in [[Oceania]], [[Andaman Islands]] ([[South Asia]]) and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref group="note"> Other isolated groups in Oceania, Andaman Islands (South Asia) and Southeast Asia sometimes grouped as black include [[Indigenous Australians]] (including [[Torres Strait Islanders]]), [[Melanesia]]ns and [[Negrito]]s. </ref><ref>black. (n.d.). ''Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)''. Retrieved April 13, 2007, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/black Dictionary.com website]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter47/text47.htm |title=47. Relatives Western Asia |publisher=Andaman.org |accessdate=2010-04-10 |archive-date=2008-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820123838/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter47/text47.htm |url-status=deviated }}</ref> they are called n**gas for a reason. ==Black people in the Americas== ===United States=== [[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|Barack Obama]] {{Main|African Americans}} {{See also|Black Hispanic and Latino Americans}} Black people in the [[United States]] are called ''African Americans''. Before 1860, many Africans were brought to the United States in the European [[slave]] trade by white people. Many African slaves worked on cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and rice plantations in the [[Southern United States]] for their white slave masters.<ref>[https://www.history.com/.amp/news/slavery-profitable-southern-economy How Slavery Became the Economic Engine of the South]</ref> Later, other Africans came out of their free will. [[Discrimination]] against African Americans is a big problem. [[Black Lives Matter]] is a movement fighting against [[racism]]. In 2010, the cities with the largest numbers of African Americans were [[Detroit]] (670,000 black inhabitants) and [[Memphis]] (607,000 black inhabitants). In 2008, [[Barack Obama]] became the first African American [[president of the United States]]. In 2021, [[Kamala Harris]] became the first African American to be the [[Vice President of the United States]]. Some blacks in the United States are [[Black Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]], Caribbean or African because of immigration. Most recent African immigrants are refugees from [[East Africa]] such as [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]] etc. or high-skilled immigrants from Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sub-saharan-african-immigrants-united-states-2018 | title=Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States | date=5 November 2019 }}</ref> Most non-Hispanic blacks in the United States live in [[Southern United States|the South]]. States with a large black population are Texas, Georgia, Florida, New York, North Carolina, Maryland, Illinois, Virginia and Louisiana.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=61 | title=Black/African American - the Office of Minority Health }}</ref> [[New York City]], [[Chicago]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]] and [[Houston]] have the largest black population by city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/census_2000/cb01cn176.html | title=Majority of African Americans Live in 10 States; New York City and Chicago Are Cities with Largest Black Populations - Census 2000 - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> The first black people were brought to the United States by white colonizers on a Dutch boat from [[Angola]] in 1619 to the British colony of [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] in [[Virginia]].<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/how-slavery-flourished-united-states-chart-maps How slavery flourished in the United States]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/virginia-first-africans-transatlantic-slave-trade Stolen from Africa, enslaved people first arrived in colonial Virginia in 1619]</ref> === Latin America === [[File:Pele con brasil (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Pelé]], a Brazilian footballer]] {{See also|Afro-Cubans|Afro-Colombian|Afro-Brazilians|Afro-Mexicans}} White men who were Spanish colonizers shipped African slaves to Latin American countries such as [[Colombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]], [[Venezuela]], [[Cuba]], [[Guatemala]], [[Panama]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Puerto Rico]] and the [[Dominican Republic]] because of the decline of Native Americans from smallpox and disease. Native Americans were initially slaves but white Europeans turned to Africans because of the mass decline of the Native American population. Many Mestizos and Hispanics have African DNA from the slave trade because of the race mixing with white people, African slaves and Native Americans. Many African ex-slaves in Latin America are mixed race and have Native American and Spanish ancestry. "Mestizaje" in [[Latin America]] by the Spanish was similar to the racial whitening that happened in Brazil. === Caribbean === {{See also|Afro-Dominican|Afro-Haitian|Afro-Bahamian|Afro-Jamaican}} Black slaves were shipped to various Caribbean countries such as [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], [[The Bahamas]], [[Barbados]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. Europeans, mostly the British, the Dutch and the French brought Africans to the Caribbean to work on crops like [[coffee]], [[sugar]], [[cocoa]], [[cotton]] and [[indigo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recoveredhistories.org/storiescaribbean.php | title=Recovered Histories - Enslavement in the Caribbean | access-date=2020-09-25 | archive-date=2020-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105231830/http://www.recoveredhistories.org/storiescaribbean.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> === Canada === {{Main|Black Canadians}} There were 1.2 million black people living in [[Canada]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-657-x/89-657-x2019002-eng.htm | title=Diversity of the Black population in Canada: An overview | date=27 February 2019 }}</ref> ==Black people in other countries== === Germany === There were about 1 million black people living in [[Germany]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?|url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html|quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande. (There are about one million black people living in our country according to ISD.)}}</ref> Black people were racially discriminated and were considered inferior by the [[Nazi]]s along with [[Roma people|Gypsies]].<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306842 Blacks and Gypsies in Nazi Germany: the Limits of the 'Racial State' - JSTOR]</ref> ===India and Pakistan=== In [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] there are [[Siddi (South Asia)|Siddi]] people. Their [[ancestor]]s came from [[East Africa]].{{cn}} ===South Africa=== During [[apartheid]] people in South Africa were classified into four main races: Black, White, Asian (mostly Indian) and Coloured. Under apartheid black people were treated the most badly. Coloured people were treated slightly less badly. In [[South Africa]], Chinese people who lived there during apartheid are classified as black.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7461099.stm|title=S Africa Chinese 'become black'|date=18 June 2008|publisher=|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> About 80% of people in South Africa are black African. The income of the average white South African household is six times as much as that of the average black South African household.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-30/south-africa-s-racial-income-inequality-persists-census-shows.html|title=South Africa's Racial Income Inequality Persists, Census Shows|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> ===United Kingdom=== {{Main|Black British}} Black people in the [[United Kingdom]] are defined by terms used by the Office for National Statistics. They make up 3.3% of the people in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/articles/ethnicityandnationalidentityinenglandandwales/2012-12-11|title=Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics|website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> Of course, these terms may or may not be used in everyday life. ===Palestine=== {{Main| Black Palestinians}} ===Turkey=== {{Main| Afro-Turks}} == Related pages == * [[Africa]] * [[African American]] * [[White people]] * [[Afro-Asian]] == Notes == <references group="note" /> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ethnic groups]] [[Category:Historical races]] h1bg9rtl5mfw1prlm2nvu4c777ybk5f 10882468 10882465 2026-06-09T17:04:43Z Barras 40117 Reverted edit by a hidden user to last revision by [[User:NDG|NDG]] 10802947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DuBois King Mandela Maathai Parks Truth.jpg|thumb|Famous black people: Above: [[W. E. B. Du Bois]], [[Martin Luther King]], and [[Nelson Mandela]]. Below: [[Wangari Maathai]], [[Rosa Parks]], and [[Sojourner Truth]].]] '''Black people''' is a term that is used for a [[race (sociology)|racial group]] of [[human|people]] with a dark skin color. The meaning of the word is mainly used for people of African descent that traces to indigenous groups south of the [[Sahara]], but also includes certain groups in [[Oceania]], [[Andaman Islands]] ([[South Asia]]) and [[Southeast Asia]].<ref group="note"> Other isolated groups in Oceania, Andaman Islands (South Asia) and Southeast Asia sometimes grouped as black include [[Indigenous Australians]] (including [[Torres Strait Islanders]]), [[Melanesia]]ns and [[Negrito]]s. </ref><ref>black. (n.d.). ''Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)''. Retrieved April 13, 2007, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/black Dictionary.com website]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter47/text47.htm |title=47. Relatives Western Asia |publisher=Andaman.org |accessdate=2010-04-10 |archive-date=2008-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820123838/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter47/text47.htm |url-status=deviated }}</ref> ==Black people in the Americas== ===United States=== [[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|Barack Obama]] {{Main|African Americans}} {{See also|Black Hispanic and Latino Americans}} Black people in the [[United States]] are called ''African Americans''. Before 1860, many Africans were brought to the United States in the European [[slave]] trade by white people. Many African slaves worked on cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and rice plantations in the [[Southern United States]] for their white slave masters.<ref>[https://www.history.com/.amp/news/slavery-profitable-southern-economy How Slavery Became the Economic Engine of the South]</ref> Later, other Africans came out of their free will. [[Discrimination]] against African Americans is a big problem. [[Black Lives Matter]] is a movement fighting against [[racism]]. In 2010, the cities with the largest numbers of African Americans were [[Detroit]] (670,000 black inhabitants) and [[Memphis]] (607,000 black inhabitants). In 2008, [[Barack Obama]] became the first African American [[president of the United States]]. In 2021, [[Kamala Harris]] became the first African American to be the [[Vice President of the United States]]. Some blacks in the United States are [[Black Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]], Caribbean or African because of immigration. Most recent African immigrants are refugees from [[East Africa]] such as [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]] etc. or high-skilled immigrants from Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sub-saharan-african-immigrants-united-states-2018 | title=Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States | date=5 November 2019 }}</ref> Most non-Hispanic blacks in the United States live in [[Southern United States|the South]]. States with a large black population are Texas, Georgia, Florida, New York, North Carolina, Maryland, Illinois, Virginia and Louisiana.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=61 | title=Black/African American - the Office of Minority Health }}</ref> [[New York City]], [[Chicago]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Detroit]] and [[Houston]] have the largest black population by city.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/census_2000/cb01cn176.html | title=Majority of African Americans Live in 10 States; New York City and Chicago Are Cities with Largest Black Populations - Census 2000 - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau }}</ref> The first black people were brought to the United States by white colonizers on a Dutch boat from [[Angola]] in 1619 to the British colony of [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] in [[Virginia]].<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/how-slavery-flourished-united-states-chart-maps How slavery flourished in the United States]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/virginia-first-africans-transatlantic-slave-trade Stolen from Africa, enslaved people first arrived in colonial Virginia in 1619]</ref> === Latin America === [[File:Pele con brasil (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Pelé]], a Brazilian footballer]] {{See also|Afro-Cubans|Afro-Colombian|Afro-Brazilians|Afro-Mexicans}} White men who were Spanish colonizers shipped African slaves to Latin American countries such as [[Colombia]], [[Brazil]], [[Mexico]], [[Honduras]], [[El Salvador]], [[Venezuela]], [[Cuba]], [[Guatemala]], [[Panama]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Puerto Rico]] and the [[Dominican Republic]] because of the decline of Native Americans from smallpox and disease. Native Americans were initially slaves but white Europeans turned to Africans because of the mass decline of the Native American population. Many Mestizos and Hispanics have African DNA from the slave trade because of the race mixing with white people, African slaves and Native Americans. Many African ex-slaves in Latin America are mixed race and have Native American and Spanish ancestry. "Mestizaje" in [[Latin America]] by the Spanish was similar to the racial whitening that happened in Brazil. === Caribbean === {{See also|Afro-Dominican|Afro-Haitian|Afro-Bahamian|Afro-Jamaican}} Black slaves were shipped to various Caribbean countries such as [[Jamaica]], [[Haiti]], [[The Bahamas]], [[Barbados]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. Europeans, mostly the British, the Dutch and the French brought Africans to the Caribbean to work on crops like [[coffee]], [[sugar]], [[cocoa]], [[cotton]] and [[indigo]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.recoveredhistories.org/storiescaribbean.php | title=Recovered Histories - Enslavement in the Caribbean | access-date=2020-09-25 | archive-date=2020-11-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105231830/http://www.recoveredhistories.org/storiescaribbean.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> === Canada === {{Main|Black Canadians}} There were 1.2 million black people living in [[Canada]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-657-x/89-657-x2019002-eng.htm | title=Diversity of the Black population in Canada: An overview | date=27 February 2019 }}</ref> ==Black people in other countries== === Germany === There were about 1 million black people living in [[Germany]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?|url=https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/sprache/es-gibt-einige-die-entsetzt-waren-zu-besuch-in-neger-und-mohrenkirch-koennen-ortsnamen-rassistisch-sein_id_12824108.html|quote=Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande. (There are about one million black people living in our country according to ISD.)}}</ref> Black people were racially discriminated and were considered inferior by the [[Nazi]]s along with [[Roma people|Gypsies]].<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306842 Blacks and Gypsies in Nazi Germany: the Limits of the 'Racial State' - JSTOR]</ref> ===India and Pakistan=== In [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] there are [[Siddi (South Asia)|Siddi]] people. Their [[ancestor]]s came from [[East Africa]].{{cn}} ===South Africa=== During [[apartheid]] people in South Africa were classified into four main races: Black, White, Asian (mostly Indian) and Coloured. Under apartheid black people were treated the most badly. Coloured people were treated slightly less badly. In [[South Africa]], Chinese people who lived there during apartheid are classified as black.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7461099.stm|title=S Africa Chinese 'become black'|date=18 June 2008|publisher=|via=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> About 80% of people in South Africa are black African. The income of the average white South African household is six times as much as that of the average black South African household.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-30/south-africa-s-racial-income-inequality-persists-census-shows.html|title=South Africa's Racial Income Inequality Persists, Census Shows|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> ===United Kingdom=== {{Main|Black British}} Black people in the [[United Kingdom]] are defined by terms used by the Office for National Statistics. They make up 3.3% of the people in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/articles/ethnicityandnationalidentityinenglandandwales/2012-12-11|title=Ethnicity and National Identity in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics|website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> Of course, these terms may or may not be used in everyday life. ===Palestine=== {{Main| Black Palestinians}} ===Turkey=== {{Main| Afro-Turks}} == Related pages == * [[Africa]] * [[African American]] * [[White people]] * [[Afro-Asian]] == Notes == <references group="note" /> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ethnic groups]] [[Category:Historical races]] 65f58gerk9gpqrhiqyndq9cybqq95bo 0 105636 10882888 10469299 2026-06-10T03:23:23Z PaulLim11 1671039 Updated image 10882888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=October 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = Macaulay Culkin | image = Macaulay Culkin - Home Alone 35th.jpg | caption = Macaulay Culkin in 2025 | birthname = Macaulay Carson Culkin | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|8|26|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[New York City]], [[United States|U.S.]] | deathdate = | deathplace = | othername = | yearsactive = 1985─1994 <br /> 2003─present | spouse = [[Rachel Miner]]<br>(married 1998─2002, [[divorce]]d) | partner = [[Mila Kunis]] (2002─2010)<br>[[Brenda Song]] (2017─present) | children = 2 | occupation = Actor, comedian, musician, writer, voice actor | website = }} <!-- Middle name was legally changed from Carson to Macaulay Culkin in 2020, see references before changing --> '''Macaulay <!-- Middle name was legally changed from Carson to Macaulay Culkin in 2019, see references before changing -->Macaulay Culkin<!-- Middle name was legally changed from Carson to Macaulay Culkin in 2019, see references before changing --> Culkin'''{{efn|Culkin legally changed his middle name to "Macaulay Culkin" in 2019.<ref name="newsweek2020" />}} (born '''Macaulay Carson Culkin'''; {{start date|1980|08|26}})<ref name="newsweek2020">{{cite web|last1=Wynne|first1=Kelly|date=May 6, 2020|title=Do You Know Macaulay Culkin's Middle Name? Because He's Changed It to Something Else Entirely|url=https://www.newsweek.com/do-you-know-macaulay-culkins-middle-name-because-hes-changed-it-something-else-entirely-1502312|access-date=August 20, 2020|website=Newsweek|publisher=Dev Pragad|archive-date=April 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416193103/https://www.newsweek.com/do-you-know-macaulay-culkins-middle-name-because-hes-changed-it-something-else-entirely-1502312|url-status=live}}</ref> is an [[Americans|American]] [[actor]], voice actor and musician. He is perhaps most notable and best notable for his prominent kiddie roles in the first two ''[[Home Alone]]'' [[Home Alone 2: Lost in New York|movies]] as Kevin McCallister. These blockbuster movies still continue to be very popular with many American audiences to this day onwards much to a cult following. His parents are Patricia Brentrup and [[Christopher 'Kit' Culkin]]. ==Acting career== Culkin began acting ever since at the age of 4 when he then became famous and well known around the world in 1990 as a Hollywood child star when ''Home Alone'' was released. In the movie, Culkin played the main character, Kevin McCallister. He reprised the role of Kevin in the second film. He was then nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor on Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. Culkin mysteriously dropped out of acting at the age of 14, but later returned at the age of 23 for in a couple of movies as a recurring adult actor. ===Pizza Underground=== In 2012, Culkin had founded and started up an anti-folk band called The Pizza Underground. This musical band plays songs which are related to about [[pizza]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/09/macaulay-culkin-pizza-velvet-underground|title=Macaulay Culkin forms pizza-themed Velvet Underground tribute band|first=Sean|last=Michaels|date=December 9, 2013|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> ==Personal life== ===Relationships=== In 1998, Culkin married Rachel Miner. In 2000, Culkin and Miner divorced because Culkin had decided and wanted to go back acting again as a new recurring adult actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000346/bio|title=Macaulay Culkin|website=IMDb}}</ref> Culkin has then dated actress [[Mila Kunis]] from May 2002 to 2011. Culkin also dated [[Jordana Lane Price]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/macaulay-culkin-kisses-mystery-girlfriend-in-paris-picture-20132711/|title=Mystery Gal Revealed! Macaulay Culkin Kisses New Girlfriend in Paris|date=November 27, 2013}}</ref> In 2017, Culkin began a relationship with singer and actress [[Brenda Song]]. They have a son together named Dakota Song Culkin, born in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Samantha|last=Schnurr|date=April 12, 2021|title=Macaulay Culkin and Brenda Song Quietly Welcome Their First Baby|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1257773/macaulay-culkin-and-brenda-song-quietly-welcome-their-first-baby|access-date=April 12, 2021|publisher=E!}}</ref> ===Friendship with Michael Jackson=== At around the same time that ''Home Alone'' was released, Culkin also became very good friends with the late Hollywood singer and King of Pop [[Michael Jackson]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/laurel/ph-ll-history-goldstein-0801-20130801-story.html|title=Michael Jackson was surprise guest on family vacation of former Laurel High teachers|first=Kevin|last=Leonard|website=Laurel Leader|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416054102/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/laurel/ph-ll-history-goldstein-0801-20130801-story.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has also acted in Jackson's 1991 "[[Black or White]]" music video. In 2005, Culkin testified and had said at Jackson's trial for charges of [[Child sexual abuse|child molestation]] that he had once slept in Jackson's bedroom but was never molested or touched in improper ways.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/05/11/jackson.trial/index.html|title=CNN.com - Culkin: Jackson 'never' molested me - May 11, 2005|website=edition.cnn.com|access-date=December 1, 2014|archive-date=June 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611191314/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/05/11/jackson.trial/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Culkin also attended Jackson's burial and death memorial which was then held on October 6, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1620834/michael-jacksons-kids-lay-golden-crown-on-his-casket-at-funeral/|title=Michael Jackson's Kids Lay Golden Crown On His Casket At Funeral|first=Gil|last=Kaufman|website=MTV News|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=2013-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227092534/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1620834/mjs-kids-lay-golden-crown-on-his-casket.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is also the [[godfather]] of Jackson's 2 older children with [[Debbie Rowe]], Prince and Paris Jackson. ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{imdb|0000346}} {{People v. Jackson}} {{Navboxes |title = Awards for Macaulay Culkin |list = {{MTV Movie Award for Best Kiss}} {{Young Artist Award for Best Leading Young Actor in a Feature Film}} }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Culkin, Macaulay}} [[Category:1980 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from New York City]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:American voice actors]] [[Category:Musicians from New York City]] [[Category:Singers from New York City]] [[Category:American web series actors]] {{US-actor-stub}} ilqog605qoelgd21jgtgjl5ylezdnai 0 113999 10883039 10520714 2026-06-10T09:36:14Z OwenX 1889 /* */ simplify 10883039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ćevapčići''' (plural form of '''ćevapčić''') or '''ćevapi''' ({{pronounced|ʨɛ'va:pi}}) is a [[meat]] [[sausage]] without skin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://easteuropeanfood.about.com/od/ah/g/cevapcici.htm |title=Cevapcici or cevaps |author=Rolek, Barbara |date=2016 |work=about.com |publisher= |accessdate=21 February 2016 |archive-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921081903/http://easteuropeanfood.about.com/od/ah/g/cevapcici.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], Croatia and [[Serbia]]. It can be found in the countries of what was [[Yugoslavia]], usually made of meat from animals with hooves, like beef or pork, rarely from predators like bear or wolf meat. The [[Czech Republic]], [[Bulgaria]] and the Italian provinces of [[Trieste]] and [[Gorizia]]. Ćevapčići are served on a plate or in a [[pita|flatbread]] (''lepinja'' or ''somun''). Chopped [[onion]]s, [[sour cream]], [[kaymak]], [[ajvar]], [[cottage cheese]], and similar [[sauce]]s are often added. <!-- [[File:Cevapcici in somun.JPG.jpg|thumb|200px|Ćevapi with onions in a ''[[somun]]'', from [[Baščaršija]]]] --> [[File:Bosnian traditional food.jpg|thumb|300px|Bosnian Ćevapčići]] [[Macedonia]]n '''''ќебапчиња/ḱebapčinja;''''' from [[Skopje]] are made of equal parts of [[beef]] and [[pork]], minced together, previously sometime predator meat like that of bear or wolf (because of their lack of population they no longer kill bear for food), seasoned, [[Grill (cooking)|grilled]] and served on a plate with fries and fresh minced onions, accompanied with sour cream and spices. It can also be served in a thin bun called ''lepinja'', similar to [[Pita]]. The traditional, and preferred, way of [[grilling]] ''ćevapčići'' is to use glowing coals beneath a [[grill (cooking)|grill]]. The expressions ''ćevapčići'' or ''Kebapi'' are both common in parts of [[North Macedonia]], whereas in Skopje, the capital, from where ćevapčići spread all over the world, ćevapčići is the only traditional expression. Although ''ćevapčići'' is a formal diminutive, ćevapčići from [[Leskovac|Leskova]]<nowiki/>c are longer (10–12&nbsp;cm) than Bosnian ćevapi (5–8&nbsp;cm). The Leskovac recipe was the one that became popular in [[Belgrade]] during the 19th century and then spread all over [[Yugoslavia]], [[Europe]] and [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.srpsko-nasledje.rs/sr-l/1998/02/article-20.html |title=Srpsko Nasledje<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-03-10 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024831/http://www.srpsko-nasledje.rs/sr-l/1998/02/article-20.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Bosnia]]n '''''ćevapi''''' from the [[Baščaršija]] district of [[Sarajevo]] and [[Banja Luka]] is probably the most famous ''ćevapi''. [[Travnik]] and [[Tuzla]] are known for their ćevapi made of beef stewed with spices. This dish is very popular in some parts of what was formerly [[Yugoslavia]] as well. Banja Luka is known for ćevapi which are multiple rolls (usually four) joined together. Bosnian ćevapi are made from two types of minced [[beef]] meat, hand mixed and formed with a funnel. Once they are formed, ćevapi are grilled.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.seriouseats.com/2013/09/grilling-cevapi-southeastern-european-meat-and-onion-sausages.html|title=Grilling: Cevapi (Southeastern European Meat and Onion Sausages) |author=Bousel, Joshua |date= 2013|work=Serious eats |publisher= |accessdate=21 February 2016}}</ref> [[Bulgaria]]n '''''ḱebapi''''' are made of both pork and beef, sometimes even made of predator meat, like wolf or bear meat. A serving usually consists of 5-10 pieces, served with white bread, minced red pepper, salt and onions. In [[Romania]], the ćevapčići are called [[mititei]]. In [[Czech Republic]]/[[Slovakia]] čevapčiči is generally served with mustard, raw onions and potatoes. <gallery> Image:CevabdzincaKodMujeBL2007.JPG|Mujo's ćevapi in Banja Luka Image:Porcijacevapakodmuje.JPG|Mujo's ćevapi Image:Ćevapčići in Montenegro.jpg|Ćevapčići with French fries in [[Montenegro]] </gallery> ==Etymology== The word comes from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''{{lang|ar|[[kebab]]}}'', sometimes with the [[South Slavic languages|South Slavic]] [[diminutive]] ending ''-čići'' ({{lang-sr|Ћевапчићи/Ћевапи}}, ''ćevapčići/ćevapi''; {{lang-mk|Ќебапи}}, ''ḱebapi''; {{lang-sl|čevapčiči}}, [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]: ''{{lang|hr|{{lang|bs|ćevapčići/ćevapi}}}}''; {{lang-cs|čevapčiči/čevabčiči}}). For more on the word's history, see [[kebab#etymology|the etymology section of ''kebab'']]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.bhdani.com/arhiva/215/t21508.shtml An essay on ćevapi in BH Dani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307162733/http://www.bhdani.com/arhiva/215/t21508.shtml |date=2012-03-07 }} (in Bosnian) *[[Branislav Nušić]] (1864-1938) on ćevapčići-culture in Belgrade and former Yugoslavia [http://www.srpsko-nasledje.co.yu/sr-l/1998/02/article-20.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619020756/http://www.srpsko-nasledje.co.yu/sr-l/1998/02/article-20.html |date=2008-06-19 }} *[http://www.ezycook.com/europe_favorite.html Recipe for ćevapi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512020823/http://www.ezycook.com/europe_favorite.html |date=2008-05-12 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cevapi}} <!-- [[Category:Barbecue]] [[Category:Balkan cuisine]] [[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine]] [[Category:Croatian cuisine]] [[Category:Cuisine of the Republic of Macedonia]] [[Category:Montenegrin cuisine]] [[Category:Serbian cuisine]] [[Category:Middle Eastern grilled meats]] [[Category:Skewered foods]] --> [[Category:Albanian food]] [[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina food]] [[Category:Croatian food]] [[Category:Kosovo]] [[Category:Montenegrin food]] [[Category:Macedonian food]] [[Category:Serbian food]] [[Category:Slovenian food]] [[Category:Meat dishes]] 5nkyut75y3iukd31ywassn8xr084rvs 0 123420 10883010 7286716 2026-06-10T09:21:37Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lake | lake_name = Dudipatsar | image_lake = Dudiptsar_Lake.jpg | caption_lake = Dudipatsar Lake, [[Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park]] | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[Kaghan Valley]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | coords = {{coord|35|1|6.6|N|74|5|22.2|E|region:PK_type:waterbody|name=Dudipatsar Lake}} | type = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Indus]]<br>Pakistan | length = | width = | area = | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = May to September | shore = | elevation = {{convert|3800|m|ft}} <ref name="NWFP">{{Cite web |url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/Pakistan/North_West_Frontier_Province/Naran-1307792/Things_To_Do-Naran-Dudipatsar_Lake-BR-1.html |title=Dudipatsar Lake, Naran |accessdate=9 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Virtual Tourist |date=21 October 2005 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225120306/http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/Pakistan/North_West_Frontier_Province/Naran-1307792/Things_To_Do-Naran-Dudipatsar_Lake-BR-1.html%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | islands = | cities = }} '''Dudiptsar lake''' or '''Dudipat Lake''' is a lake in [[Pakistan]]. It is in the extreme north of [[Kaghan Valley]]. It is about a four-hour drive from the chief town Naran. The word "dudi" means white and "sar" means lake. The lake was named because it reflects the white color of snow on the mountain peaks around it. The lake's water is greenish blue and very cold. The lake used to have a lot of [[trout]]. Now there aren't as many because of illegal [[fishing]] using dynamite and nets. This lake is very little visited by people. Getting to the lake takes four to six hours of tough [[hiking]] and trekking. The [[earthquake]] on October 8, 2005 in North Pakistan made it more difficult to get to the lake. However, the [[government of Pakistan]] decided on March 14, 2006 to take all steps to restore tourism of the Kaghan valley. That includes building new tourism spots and rebuilding previously destroyed ones. ==Surrounding area== Dudipatsar is close to another major lake, [[Lake Lulusar]], which is the main contributory to the [[Kunhar River]] that runs through Kaghan valley. The whole area is [[private property]] but declared national park by Government of Pakistan. The area is accessible for four months every year from June-September. After that, it is closed because of snow. ==References== {{reflist}} {{multistub|Geo|Asia}} [[Category:Lakes of Pakistan]] 6wm3r7mtakgavb7mika8745los94hxa 4 125989 10882562 10881440 2026-06-09T19:36:59Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 10882562 wikitext text/x-wiki dickbottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Protecting White Supremacy? == Hello, we have the page [[white supremacy]]. I would like to suggest we fully protect the page, for 1-2 years, after which the protection is re-evaluated. My reasoning behind this is the following: *I edit-protected the page today (for six months), after finding that most of the edits ot the page are vandalism, or reverting vandalism- there is little "content work" *In 2023,2025, and now 2026, there was at least one long term protection of the page *The talk page remains open, and unnmed/unconfirmed editors can still suggest changes. The page gets an average of 427 views per month (or a bit over 10 per day). What do other people think? [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :What I mean is: people wanting to edit need to be auto confirmed [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:57, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :I support long term semi-protection for this page. I think you are correct that it is difficult for us to keep up with the level of vandalism we are seeing. The vandalism is mostly from temp and new accounts, so semi-protection is a proportional response. I'd say let's protect it for 12 or 18 months and then let it open and see if the vandalism starts again. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :We should probably start being more lenient about semi-protecting pages. While it's certainly a good idea, that in general everyone should be able to edit a project, times have changed a lot in the past 20 years. Nowadays, there is much more vandalism. Other projects, such as enwiki, have introduced the extended confirmed protection for large parts of the project. I think we should start using the semi-protection more frequently and for longer on problematic topics. We are too few people to really keep track of all types of vandalism, especially clever vandalism, where incorrect data is inserted into our articles and often goes unnoticed. I think we could make things easier by protecting pages more often and for longer. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:15, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::The page is currently semi-protected, for six months. I was tempted to use a longer protection, but wanted to get community input. I can think of a few other pages where we likely have similar problems [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:49, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :::If nobody objects, go ahead and do what you feel is best. [[White Americans]] has been one of many targets of the same vandal(s) as [[White supremacy]]. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:18, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::Maybe we consider more leniency with protecting sensitive topics. These could be political figures, race, current events, etc. A lot of vandalism seems to concentrate in these areas. A unfortunate part of it doesn’t get caught or takes some time before it does. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:16, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::I think our current protection policy is fine to allow that. We can currently only use protection if it is the {{tq|only option left available to solve the problem of vandalism of the page}}, but if lots of sneaky vandalism is going undetected on multiple occasions, it surely ''is'' the only option left to solve the vandalism. I don't want us to start encouraging protection again as I and other admins have been undoing long protections (see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=protect&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&subtype=unprotect&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist&excludetempacct=1]) and good results have came of it pretty much every time. I should also mention the "honeypot" effect - if a page is closely watched, then vandalism on it will not last very long (and it is very unlikely a reader will come across it in that state) so in a case like that, protection just isn't necessary and pushes them onto parts of the wiki less watched so is actually counterintuitive. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 13:35, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :::I definitely see this side of things too. There is a line between protecting the integrity of the project and overprotecting such that it violates the nature of our mission, and the latter seems to have been done in the past. I will say, it is very frustrating sometimes for those of us who look through recent changes to see the same vandalism repeated by the same LTAs for months. It seems to me that some vandals are only interested in vandalizing certain pages, and it's not a guarantee that they will move along to others. I do agree that permanent protection, especially full protection, shouldn't really be done on content pages. Also, create protection should only be applied to problematic titles that could never really have a legitimate article created (repeated recreations of RfD deletions, hoaxes, etc). I am still in support of medium term protection though as Eptalon is suggesting, especially when shorter terms have not been shown to work. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:42, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :i think it should be indefinitely semi. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:30, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you all for the inputs; following this discussion, I have changed the protection to expire a year from now. After the year, we can assess how well this has worked. I would laso suggest, that if people noriuce other pages with a similar editing history, that they start a discussion on ST. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:42, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Hi all == After a period of time where I was unable to participate on wiki for technical reasons I am back full-time. Just an fyi. Regards, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:14, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back! [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 04:24, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad you're back! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:21, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Good to have you back :). [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 05:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello! Welcome. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 06:40, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back to the party! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yay, welcome back :D --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:36, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello[[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 11:14, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad to see you returning! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 01:11, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :Hello![[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 04:59, 1 June 2026 (UTC) == Template edit request == Hello, could I ask someone to please look at [[Template:Wikidata_image]], I left an edit request there. The template code is outdated as some empty functions were removed. The amended code and more information can be seen on [[Template_talk:Wikidata_image|Talk page]]. Thanks, -- [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 09:33, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:44, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == "Simplifying" Articles == Quick question: When creating an article, is it okay to copy from the English Wikipedia and then edit it so it is in Simple English? Thanks in advance. [[User:CubeMaster77777|CubeMaster77777]] ([[User talk:CubeMaster77777|talk]]) 15:59, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes it is [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 16:09, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes, but 1.) please make sure to add some kind of attribution and 2.) please actually simplify it. Re: the former, you can add attribution by putting it in the edit summary with something like "copying from [URI]" or posting to the talk page. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:18, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :it depends on how you do it. Please follow the instructions at [[WP:CW]]. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :A example on how to properly attribute your en wiki translation to a simple english article's talk page is [[Talk:Billy Zane]]. Use the attribution template, link the en wiki article and the version number (which can be found on the URL of the latest page revision on the article's history on enwiki). Hope this helps! :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 21:16, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::Hello, I would say, an example workfolow could be: ::*Create the article here, andcopy over the lede from enwp; If you don't use the translation tool, add some mention on the talk page, to say that tis article is based on the EnWP version ::*Without much delay, go over the section, and simplify; for example split sentences into shorter ones; If you have references that occur multpile time, re-use them ::*Look that the eork generally follows our style guide ::*If it isn't already there, add an interwii link to enwp. ::*Fix categories, see if you find a good image to illustrate ::Once this has been done, you can do that with the next section, if you like. Also note: More controversial subjects need more thought, to give a balanced view. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 12:29, 30 May 2026 (UTC) == A question == Hey guys i am focusing mainly in improving newly-created car articles mainly adding sources and etc the question i have is:do you think i am doing a good job? Just asking. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 19:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Solid work! Thank you for your contributions. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 02:31, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::thanks! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:41, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Looks good to me! Have you considered creating an account? This would let you edit semi-protected pages (after becoming autoconfirmed), and you would not lose your change history every 3 months. Either way, thanks for contributing! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::no problem i think i will prefer to edit logged-out for now. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:42, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Great contributions! You’d be a great asset to the team. Echoing Garsh’s question/suggestion about creating an account :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 05:50, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Please do create an account but please also remember that you can be blocked if you break the rules. If you get blocked you should not indulge in logged out editing nor should you create another account-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:16, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :::Ok i will be careful to not violate any rules [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:43, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::sorry for the late reply but thanks and like i said before i think i will prefer to edit logged-out [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:11, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :::No problem at all! We have temporary accounts for that reason. Edit however you want. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:18, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Decades BC == I recently noticed that in categories of BC decades that are a multiple of 100, (ex., [[:Category:300s BC]], [[:Category:200s BC]], [[:Category:100s BC]], [[:Category:400s BC]], etc. the link at the top of the page, "This [[help:categories|category]] is for topics specifically related to the [[300s BC|300s]]." Links to the wrong page, linking to the AD version instead of the BC version. This also happens in English Wikipedia, strangely enough. The issue is caused by the template for the page. Does anyone know the cause of this issue? <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:51, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :There are others who are far better at templates than I am, but from what I can see, it has to do with [[Template:Decade link]] (also used by enwiki) which is used by [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Basically, the header template uses [[Module:Year category type]] to detect which kind of category it is based on the title. The core subtemplate pulls this value and then modifies what the template header says. It uses the decade link template because the 100 multiple decades need to be disambiguated to distinguish from their respective century pages. That template makes no account for AB vs BC. The header/core does distinguish between the two, but only to add "BC" in the text of the header, not in the wikilink. I suppose one solution could be to fork a second template that would work for the BC categories and then use it in the decade_bc part of [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Some more experienced people should have a look. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:41, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Page Protection == Please protect the pages [[White Americans]], [[Angry white male]], and [[White nationalism]]. These pages are constantly targeted by the same LTA(s). This is essentially the same case as [[#Protecting White Supremacy?]]. If possible, could these pages also be semi-indefed? <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 04:36, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I ageee that these should be protected, but not indefinitely. Since it’s primarily the same LTA, I think a medium term protection like a year or so should be sufficient. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:22, 1 June 2026 (UTC) ::Fair point. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 07:24, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I've protected each page listed for three months. Once the protection expires on September 2 and excessive vandalism continues, a year protection would be the next move in my opinion. [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 16:47, 2 June 2026 (UTC) ::Thanks! <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:31, 3 June 2026 (UTC) == Simple English Wikipedia pools? == Hello Wikipedia administrators and other Wikipedians! I was wondering if we can add pools to the Simple English Wikipedia, just like how in the English Wikipedia we have [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]] in which people make guesses about various future milestones for English Wikipedia, i think we may also add that in the Simple English Wikipedia in which well people make guesses about various future milestones for the Simple English Wikipedia (like for example: the people can make a guess on when will the Simple English Wikipedia reaches 300,000 articles). And that's it i guess - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:28, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :Interesting, Is Pool(s) only meant for guessing future milestones? Also, wouldn’t it be a bit unnecessary here? SEW doesn’t have as many active editors as enwiki, so participation would likely be quite limited. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:39, 3 June 2026 (UTC) ::Hello! But anyways, pools would be only meant for guessing future milestones. Just like English Wikipedia's [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]]. And the reason why we should add pools to SEW is because why not, i feel like this should have pools. And about participation... Well... Since there are less users on SEW than on the English Wikipedia does NOT mean that there is going to be completely no participation in the pools. Like some users on SEW might find these pools and well place their predictions on when will SEW will reach these certain milestones (like when will SEW will reach 300,000 articles) and yeah - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:55, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :I understand where the idea comes from, but I'm not convinced that this would have much meaningful participation here. We don't have that many editors here, so editor time is more valuable. I don't think this is the best way to spend it. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 4 June 2026 (UTC) == Article guidance enabled for the experimentation phase == Dear Wikipedians, The Article guidance team is pleased to announce that the [[Special:NewArticle|Article guidance feature]], which supports editors, especially less experienced ones, in creating new articles aligned with community practices through community-tailored guidance, has been enabled on this Wikipedia as part of an A/B test. As part of the launch, we have collected initial feedback over the last few days and [[phab:maniphest/query/HHh7LVAxSJti/#R|resolved several issues]] based on community comments, and are now officially announcing the launch after addressing the primary issues highlighted. This milestone builds on the communications and collaborations with the community (see previous communications links: [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 173#h-Invitation to try the Article guidance feature in a test environment-20260403023500|1]] [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 174#h-Invitation to adapt the Article guidance outlines-20260429233800|2]] ). We appreciate everyone who tested the feature, reviewed and adapted outlines, responded to questionnaires, participated in office hours, and shared feedback. Your insights have shaped this feature at every stage. The feature is primarily aimed at helping junior editors to create good quality articles that follow the community practices (and detect earlier cases where the intended article is not suited for the wiki). Although the focus is on junior editors, the involvement of more experienced editors is also key. In this experimentation phase, the feature is also being surfaced to experienced contributors so they can use it, raise any issues they find, and become familiar with it. Also, more experienced editors can refine the [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|outlines]] and create additional ones tailored to the type of article outlines they think junior editors will need. Additionally, we want to ensure the feature can also help experienced editors by automating tedious tasks such as [[phab:T421250|Wikidata connections]]. Hearing from experienced editors is really important also to make sure that the new feature doesn't get in their way (and identify early potential issues to fix them). As we get the results of the experiment, we will be able to compare the impact of the feature on both groups to make sure that improvements for one don’t come at the expense of negatively affecting the other group.. Experienced contributors who want to skip creating a new article with the guidance provided in the feature will soon be able to do so once the improvement captured in [[phab:T426382|this ticket]] is implemented. It can be done by clicking on "Edit without community guidance", option at the bottom of the screen, see image below. This option will only be available to experienced contributors once they provide a title for the article in the feature. [[File:"Edit without community guidance" screenshot.png|thumb|left|A screenshot showing the "Skip assistance. Edit without community guidance" option in the Article guidance feature]] The experiment is currently running for a subset of editors creating new articles. It will measure whether guided article creation improves the 30-day survival rate of new articles as the key metric among [[phab:T414503|other measurements]]. This group will see the feature automatically as part of their article-creation workflow. Experienced contributors can continue creating outlines for specific article types as needed for new contributors. As a reference, [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|over 30 outlines are available]] that can be useful as a starting point to define other outlines. Feel free to create outlines tailored to your Wikipedia’s practices and incorporate the tags and markups as they appear in the reference outlines. You can find a quick guide to markups used in outlines on [[mw:Article_guidance/Test_feature_guide#Markups_in_outlines|this page]]. Since this feature is new, we are implementing [[phab:maniphest/query/TX1YrGEYdFbS/#R|improvements identified by contributors]] and will continue to rely on more feedback to refine it. If you notice something that does not work as expected, please report it and share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Article_guidance|the project talk page]]. We will continue to share updates as the experiment progresses. Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 21:36, 4 June 2026 (UTC) :How do I get a redlink to display the deletion log like in the past? Clicking edit without assistance shows it briefly before the edit box takes over. This change has significantly hindered administrative and anti-vandalism work. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::Apologies @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], for the inconvenience this change has caused in your administrative and anti-vandalism work. The issue with red links not displaying the deletion log has been reported here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428146. We understand how important this is to you as an admin, and we are working to restore it as soon as possible. Thank you for your patience. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 03:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) == Creating an article == I want to create an article about the Jin dynasty (265-420), but i am unable to do so, can anyone help me? [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 14:20, 5 June 2026 (UTC) :Basically, you search for the article name in the search box, and if it exists, you are redirected there, if it doesn't, you get a red-link to click on, thats one of the way to create articles. What I found was [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]] [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:44, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::ok thanks [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 21:59, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == Adding more examples to the article Words to avoid in Simple English == (Please let me know if I have made any mistakes here. This is my first time posting on talk pages. I am also new to wikipedia). I have added a discussion about this in the talk page for the article [[Wikipedia:Words to avoid in Simple English]]. Currently, there is only one word in this list. I am going to try to add more words to the list. It would be great to have more people help as well. It would also be great to start discussions on the talk page about which words should be on the list. I really love what this wikipedia is trying to do. I want to help people learn how to make changes to articles. [[User:SuddenArtichokes|SuddenArtichokes]] ([[User talk:SuddenArtichokes|talk]]) 09:14, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == Beware of list vandalism == I've noticed a recent trend of vandals slowly but surely adding absurd number of items to lists within articles. [[Horton Hears a Who! (movie)]] and [[Dodge Ram]] are two good examples. Because it's gradual, it sometimes gets missed by the recent change patrollers. Please be on the lookout for this! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 18:43, 7 June 2026 (UTC) 9c3fzx0gamunn1ivyqrdxy0qh98xjo4 10882563 10882562 2026-06-09T19:37:08Z NDG 1452189 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by BarrasBot: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10881440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 174 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Protecting White Supremacy? == Hello, we have the page [[white supremacy]]. I would like to suggest we fully protect the page, for 1-2 years, after which the protection is re-evaluated. My reasoning behind this is the following: *I edit-protected the page today (for six months), after finding that most of the edits ot the page are vandalism, or reverting vandalism- there is little "content work" *In 2023,2025, and now 2026, there was at least one long term protection of the page *The talk page remains open, and unnmed/unconfirmed editors can still suggest changes. The page gets an average of 427 views per month (or a bit over 10 per day). What do other people think? [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :What I mean is: people wanting to edit need to be auto confirmed [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:57, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :I support long term semi-protection for this page. I think you are correct that it is difficult for us to keep up with the level of vandalism we are seeing. The vandalism is mostly from temp and new accounts, so semi-protection is a proportional response. I'd say let's protect it for 12 or 18 months and then let it open and see if the vandalism starts again. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :We should probably start being more lenient about semi-protecting pages. While it's certainly a good idea, that in general everyone should be able to edit a project, times have changed a lot in the past 20 years. Nowadays, there is much more vandalism. Other projects, such as enwiki, have introduced the extended confirmed protection for large parts of the project. I think we should start using the semi-protection more frequently and for longer on problematic topics. We are too few people to really keep track of all types of vandalism, especially clever vandalism, where incorrect data is inserted into our articles and often goes unnoticed. I think we could make things easier by protecting pages more often and for longer. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:15, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::The page is currently semi-protected, for six months. I was tempted to use a longer protection, but wanted to get community input. I can think of a few other pages where we likely have similar problems [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:49, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :::If nobody objects, go ahead and do what you feel is best. [[White Americans]] has been one of many targets of the same vandal(s) as [[White supremacy]]. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:18, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::Maybe we consider more leniency with protecting sensitive topics. These could be political figures, race, current events, etc. A lot of vandalism seems to concentrate in these areas. A unfortunate part of it doesn’t get caught or takes some time before it does. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:16, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::I think our current protection policy is fine to allow that. We can currently only use protection if it is the {{tq|only option left available to solve the problem of vandalism of the page}}, but if lots of sneaky vandalism is going undetected on multiple occasions, it surely ''is'' the only option left to solve the vandalism. I don't want us to start encouraging protection again as I and other admins have been undoing long protections (see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=protect&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&subtype=unprotect&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist&excludetempacct=1]) and good results have came of it pretty much every time. I should also mention the "honeypot" effect - if a page is closely watched, then vandalism on it will not last very long (and it is very unlikely a reader will come across it in that state) so in a case like that, protection just isn't necessary and pushes them onto parts of the wiki less watched so is actually counterintuitive. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 13:35, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :::I definitely see this side of things too. There is a line between protecting the integrity of the project and overprotecting such that it violates the nature of our mission, and the latter seems to have been done in the past. I will say, it is very frustrating sometimes for those of us who look through recent changes to see the same vandalism repeated by the same LTAs for months. It seems to me that some vandals are only interested in vandalizing certain pages, and it's not a guarantee that they will move along to others. I do agree that permanent protection, especially full protection, shouldn't really be done on content pages. Also, create protection should only be applied to problematic titles that could never really have a legitimate article created (repeated recreations of RfD deletions, hoaxes, etc). I am still in support of medium term protection though as Eptalon is suggesting, especially when shorter terms have not been shown to work. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:42, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :i think it should be indefinitely semi. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:30, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you all for the inputs; following this discussion, I have changed the protection to expire a year from now. After the year, we can assess how well this has worked. I would laso suggest, that if people noriuce other pages with a similar editing history, that they start a discussion on ST. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:42, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Hi all == After a period of time where I was unable to participate on wiki for technical reasons I am back full-time. Just an fyi. Regards, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:14, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back! [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 04:24, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad you're back! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:21, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Good to have you back :). [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 05:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello! Welcome. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 06:40, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back to the party! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yay, welcome back :D --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:36, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello[[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 11:14, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad to see you returning! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 01:11, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :Hello![[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 04:59, 1 June 2026 (UTC) == Template edit request == Hello, could I ask someone to please look at [[Template:Wikidata_image]], I left an edit request there. The template code is outdated as some empty functions were removed. The amended code and more information can be seen on [[Template_talk:Wikidata_image|Talk page]]. Thanks, -- [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 09:33, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:44, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == "Simplifying" Articles == Quick question: When creating an article, is it okay to copy from the English Wikipedia and then edit it so it is in Simple English? Thanks in advance. [[User:CubeMaster77777|CubeMaster77777]] ([[User talk:CubeMaster77777|talk]]) 15:59, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes it is [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 16:09, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes, but 1.) please make sure to add some kind of attribution and 2.) please actually simplify it. Re: the former, you can add attribution by putting it in the edit summary with something like "copying from [URI]" or posting to the talk page. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:18, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :it depends on how you do it. Please follow the instructions at [[WP:CW]]. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :A example on how to properly attribute your en wiki translation to a simple english article's talk page is [[Talk:Billy Zane]]. Use the attribution template, link the en wiki article and the version number (which can be found on the URL of the latest page revision on the article's history on enwiki). Hope this helps! :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 21:16, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::Hello, I would say, an example workfolow could be: ::*Create the article here, andcopy over the lede from enwp; If you don't use the translation tool, add some mention on the talk page, to say that tis article is based on the EnWP version ::*Without much delay, go over the section, and simplify; for example split sentences into shorter ones; If you have references that occur multpile time, re-use them ::*Look that the eork generally follows our style guide ::*If it isn't already there, add an interwii link to enwp. ::*Fix categories, see if you find a good image to illustrate ::Once this has been done, you can do that with the next section, if you like. Also note: More controversial subjects need more thought, to give a balanced view. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 12:29, 30 May 2026 (UTC) == A question == Hey guys i am focusing mainly in improving newly-created car articles mainly adding sources and etc the question i have is:do you think i am doing a good job? Just asking. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 19:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Solid work! Thank you for your contributions. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 02:31, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::thanks! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:41, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Looks good to me! Have you considered creating an account? This would let you edit semi-protected pages (after becoming autoconfirmed), and you would not lose your change history every 3 months. Either way, thanks for contributing! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::no problem i think i will prefer to edit logged-out for now. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:42, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Great contributions! You’d be a great asset to the team. Echoing Garsh’s question/suggestion about creating an account :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 05:50, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Please do create an account but please also remember that you can be blocked if you break the rules. If you get blocked you should not indulge in logged out editing nor should you create another account-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:16, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :::Ok i will be careful to not violate any rules [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:43, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::sorry for the late reply but thanks and like i said before i think i will prefer to edit logged-out [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:11, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :::No problem at all! We have temporary accounts for that reason. Edit however you want. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:18, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Decades BC == I recently noticed that in categories of BC decades that are a multiple of 100, (ex., [[:Category:300s BC]], [[:Category:200s BC]], [[:Category:100s BC]], [[:Category:400s BC]], etc. the link at the top of the page, "This [[help:categories|category]] is for topics specifically related to the [[300s BC|300s]]." Links to the wrong page, linking to the AD version instead of the BC version. This also happens in English Wikipedia, strangely enough. The issue is caused by the template for the page. Does anyone know the cause of this issue? <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:51, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :There are others who are far better at templates than I am, but from what I can see, it has to do with [[Template:Decade link]] (also used by enwiki) which is used by [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Basically, the header template uses [[Module:Year category type]] to detect which kind of category it is based on the title. The core subtemplate pulls this value and then modifies what the template header says. It uses the decade link template because the 100 multiple decades need to be disambiguated to distinguish from their respective century pages. That template makes no account for AB vs BC. The header/core does distinguish between the two, but only to add "BC" in the text of the header, not in the wikilink. I suppose one solution could be to fork a second template that would work for the BC categories and then use it in the decade_bc part of [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Some more experienced people should have a look. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:41, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Page Protection == Please protect the pages [[White Americans]], [[Angry white male]], and [[White nationalism]]. These pages are constantly targeted by the same LTA(s). This is essentially the same case as [[#Protecting White Supremacy?]]. If possible, could these pages also be semi-indefed? <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 04:36, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I ageee that these should be protected, but not indefinitely. Since it’s primarily the same LTA, I think a medium term protection like a year or so should be sufficient. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:22, 1 June 2026 (UTC) ::Fair point. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 07:24, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I've protected each page listed for three months. Once the protection expires on September 2 and excessive vandalism continues, a year protection would be the next move in my opinion. [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 16:47, 2 June 2026 (UTC) ::Thanks! <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:31, 3 June 2026 (UTC) == Simple English Wikipedia pools? == Hello Wikipedia administrators and other Wikipedians! I was wondering if we can add pools to the Simple English Wikipedia, just like how in the English Wikipedia we have [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]] in which people make guesses about various future milestones for English Wikipedia, i think we may also add that in the Simple English Wikipedia in which well people make guesses about various future milestones for the Simple English Wikipedia (like for example: the people can make a guess on when will the Simple English Wikipedia reaches 300,000 articles). And that's it i guess - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:28, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :Interesting, Is Pool(s) only meant for guessing future milestones? Also, wouldn’t it be a bit unnecessary here? SEW doesn’t have as many active editors as enwiki, so participation would likely be quite limited. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:39, 3 June 2026 (UTC) ::Hello! But anyways, pools would be only meant for guessing future milestones. Just like English Wikipedia's [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]]. And the reason why we should add pools to SEW is because why not, i feel like this should have pools. And about participation... Well... Since there are less users on SEW than on the English Wikipedia does NOT mean that there is going to be completely no participation in the pools. Like some users on SEW might find these pools and well place their predictions on when will SEW will reach these certain milestones (like when will SEW will reach 300,000 articles) and yeah - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:55, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :I understand where the idea comes from, but I'm not convinced that this would have much meaningful participation here. We don't have that many editors here, so editor time is more valuable. I don't think this is the best way to spend it. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 4 June 2026 (UTC) == Article guidance enabled for the experimentation phase == Dear Wikipedians, The Article guidance team is pleased to announce that the [[Special:NewArticle|Article guidance feature]], which supports editors, especially less experienced ones, in creating new articles aligned with community practices through community-tailored guidance, has been enabled on this Wikipedia as part of an A/B test. As part of the launch, we have collected initial feedback over the last few days and [[phab:maniphest/query/HHh7LVAxSJti/#R|resolved several issues]] based on community comments, and are now officially announcing the launch after addressing the primary issues highlighted. This milestone builds on the communications and collaborations with the community (see previous communications links: [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 173#h-Invitation to try the Article guidance feature in a test environment-20260403023500|1]] [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 174#h-Invitation to adapt the Article guidance outlines-20260429233800|2]] ). We appreciate everyone who tested the feature, reviewed and adapted outlines, responded to questionnaires, participated in office hours, and shared feedback. Your insights have shaped this feature at every stage. The feature is primarily aimed at helping junior editors to create good quality articles that follow the community practices (and detect earlier cases where the intended article is not suited for the wiki). Although the focus is on junior editors, the involvement of more experienced editors is also key. In this experimentation phase, the feature is also being surfaced to experienced contributors so they can use it, raise any issues they find, and become familiar with it. Also, more experienced editors can refine the [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|outlines]] and create additional ones tailored to the type of article outlines they think junior editors will need. Additionally, we want to ensure the feature can also help experienced editors by automating tedious tasks such as [[phab:T421250|Wikidata connections]]. Hearing from experienced editors is really important also to make sure that the new feature doesn't get in their way (and identify early potential issues to fix them). As we get the results of the experiment, we will be able to compare the impact of the feature on both groups to make sure that improvements for one don’t come at the expense of negatively affecting the other group.. Experienced contributors who want to skip creating a new article with the guidance provided in the feature will soon be able to do so once the improvement captured in [[phab:T426382|this ticket]] is implemented. It can be done by clicking on "Edit without community guidance", option at the bottom of the screen, see image below. This option will only be available to experienced contributors once they provide a title for the article in the feature. [[File:"Edit without community guidance" screenshot.png|thumb|left|A screenshot showing the "Skip assistance. Edit without community guidance" option in the Article guidance feature]] The experiment is currently running for a subset of editors creating new articles. It will measure whether guided article creation improves the 30-day survival rate of new articles as the key metric among [[phab:T414503|other measurements]]. This group will see the feature automatically as part of their article-creation workflow. Experienced contributors can continue creating outlines for specific article types as needed for new contributors. As a reference, [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|over 30 outlines are available]] that can be useful as a starting point to define other outlines. Feel free to create outlines tailored to your Wikipedia’s practices and incorporate the tags and markups as they appear in the reference outlines. You can find a quick guide to markups used in outlines on [[mw:Article_guidance/Test_feature_guide#Markups_in_outlines|this page]]. Since this feature is new, we are implementing [[phab:maniphest/query/TX1YrGEYdFbS/#R|improvements identified by contributors]] and will continue to rely on more feedback to refine it. If you notice something that does not work as expected, please report it and share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Article_guidance|the project talk page]]. We will continue to share updates as the experiment progresses. Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 21:36, 4 June 2026 (UTC) :How do I get a redlink to display the deletion log like in the past? Clicking edit without assistance shows it briefly before the edit box takes over. This change has significantly hindered administrative and anti-vandalism work. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::Apologies @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], for the inconvenience this change has caused in your administrative and anti-vandalism work. The issue with red links not displaying the deletion log has been reported here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428146. We understand how important this is to you as an admin, and we are working to restore it as soon as possible. Thank you for your patience. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 03:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) == Creating an article == I want to create an article about the Jin dynasty (265-420), but i am unable to do so, can anyone help me? [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 14:20, 5 June 2026 (UTC) :Basically, you search for the article name in the search box, and if it exists, you are redirected there, if it doesn't, you get a red-link to click on, thats one of the way to create articles. What I found was [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]] [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:44, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::ok thanks [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 21:59, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == Adding more examples to the article Words to avoid in Simple English == (Please let me know if I have made any mistakes here. This is my first time posting on talk pages. I am also new to wikipedia). I have added a discussion about this in the talk page for the article [[Wikipedia:Words to avoid in Simple English]]. Currently, there is only one word in this list. I am going to try to add more words to the list. It would be great to have more people help as well. It would also be great to start discussions on the talk page about which words should be on the list. I really love what this wikipedia is trying to do. I want to help people learn how to make changes to articles. [[User:SuddenArtichokes|SuddenArtichokes]] ([[User talk:SuddenArtichokes|talk]]) 09:14, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == Beware of list vandalism == I've noticed a recent trend of vandals slowly but surely adding absurd number of items to lists within articles. [[Horton Hears a Who! (movie)]] and [[Dodge Ram]] are two good examples. Because it's gradual, it sometimes gets missed by the recent change patrollers. Please be on the lookout for this! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 18:43, 7 June 2026 (UTC) poe40yyfouy9c0d220xzdnpftwbai95 10882857 10882563 2026-06-10T02:46:25Z Garsh2 1475106 /* Adding more examples to the article Words to avoid in Simple English */ Reply 10882857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 174 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Protecting White Supremacy? == Hello, we have the page [[white supremacy]]. I would like to suggest we fully protect the page, for 1-2 years, after which the protection is re-evaluated. My reasoning behind this is the following: *I edit-protected the page today (for six months), after finding that most of the edits ot the page are vandalism, or reverting vandalism- there is little "content work" *In 2023,2025, and now 2026, there was at least one long term protection of the page *The talk page remains open, and unnmed/unconfirmed editors can still suggest changes. The page gets an average of 427 views per month (or a bit over 10 per day). What do other people think? [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :What I mean is: people wanting to edit need to be auto confirmed [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:57, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :I support long term semi-protection for this page. I think you are correct that it is difficult for us to keep up with the level of vandalism we are seeing. The vandalism is mostly from temp and new accounts, so semi-protection is a proportional response. I'd say let's protect it for 12 or 18 months and then let it open and see if the vandalism starts again. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :We should probably start being more lenient about semi-protecting pages. While it's certainly a good idea, that in general everyone should be able to edit a project, times have changed a lot in the past 20 years. Nowadays, there is much more vandalism. Other projects, such as enwiki, have introduced the extended confirmed protection for large parts of the project. I think we should start using the semi-protection more frequently and for longer on problematic topics. We are too few people to really keep track of all types of vandalism, especially clever vandalism, where incorrect data is inserted into our articles and often goes unnoticed. I think we could make things easier by protecting pages more often and for longer. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:15, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::The page is currently semi-protected, for six months. I was tempted to use a longer protection, but wanted to get community input. I can think of a few other pages where we likely have similar problems [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:49, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :::If nobody objects, go ahead and do what you feel is best. [[White Americans]] has been one of many targets of the same vandal(s) as [[White supremacy]]. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:18, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::Maybe we consider more leniency with protecting sensitive topics. These could be political figures, race, current events, etc. A lot of vandalism seems to concentrate in these areas. A unfortunate part of it doesn’t get caught or takes some time before it does. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:16, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::I think our current protection policy is fine to allow that. We can currently only use protection if it is the {{tq|only option left available to solve the problem of vandalism of the page}}, but if lots of sneaky vandalism is going undetected on multiple occasions, it surely ''is'' the only option left to solve the vandalism. I don't want us to start encouraging protection again as I and other admins have been undoing long protections (see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=protect&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&subtype=unprotect&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist&excludetempacct=1]) and good results have came of it pretty much every time. I should also mention the "honeypot" effect - if a page is closely watched, then vandalism on it will not last very long (and it is very unlikely a reader will come across it in that state) so in a case like that, protection just isn't necessary and pushes them onto parts of the wiki less watched so is actually counterintuitive. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 13:35, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :::I definitely see this side of things too. There is a line between protecting the integrity of the project and overprotecting such that it violates the nature of our mission, and the latter seems to have been done in the past. I will say, it is very frustrating sometimes for those of us who look through recent changes to see the same vandalism repeated by the same LTAs for months. It seems to me that some vandals are only interested in vandalizing certain pages, and it's not a guarantee that they will move along to others. I do agree that permanent protection, especially full protection, shouldn't really be done on content pages. Also, create protection should only be applied to problematic titles that could never really have a legitimate article created (repeated recreations of RfD deletions, hoaxes, etc). I am still in support of medium term protection though as Eptalon is suggesting, especially when shorter terms have not been shown to work. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:42, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :i think it should be indefinitely semi. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:30, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you all for the inputs; following this discussion, I have changed the protection to expire a year from now. After the year, we can assess how well this has worked. I would laso suggest, that if people noriuce other pages with a similar editing history, that they start a discussion on ST. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:42, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Hi all == After a period of time where I was unable to participate on wiki for technical reasons I am back full-time. Just an fyi. Regards, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:14, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back! [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 04:24, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad you're back! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:21, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Good to have you back :). [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 05:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello! Welcome. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 06:40, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back to the party! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yay, welcome back :D --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:36, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello[[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 11:14, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad to see you returning! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 01:11, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :Hello![[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 04:59, 1 June 2026 (UTC) == Template edit request == Hello, could I ask someone to please look at [[Template:Wikidata_image]], I left an edit request there. The template code is outdated as some empty functions were removed. The amended code and more information can be seen on [[Template_talk:Wikidata_image|Talk page]]. Thanks, -- [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 09:33, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:44, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == "Simplifying" Articles == Quick question: When creating an article, is it okay to copy from the English Wikipedia and then edit it so it is in Simple English? Thanks in advance. [[User:CubeMaster77777|CubeMaster77777]] ([[User talk:CubeMaster77777|talk]]) 15:59, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes it is [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 16:09, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes, but 1.) please make sure to add some kind of attribution and 2.) please actually simplify it. Re: the former, you can add attribution by putting it in the edit summary with something like "copying from [URI]" or posting to the talk page. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:18, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :it depends on how you do it. Please follow the instructions at [[WP:CW]]. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :A example on how to properly attribute your en wiki translation to a simple english article's talk page is [[Talk:Billy Zane]]. Use the attribution template, link the en wiki article and the version number (which can be found on the URL of the latest page revision on the article's history on enwiki). Hope this helps! :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 21:16, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::Hello, I would say, an example workfolow could be: ::*Create the article here, andcopy over the lede from enwp; If you don't use the translation tool, add some mention on the talk page, to say that tis article is based on the EnWP version ::*Without much delay, go over the section, and simplify; for example split sentences into shorter ones; If you have references that occur multpile time, re-use them ::*Look that the eork generally follows our style guide ::*If it isn't already there, add an interwii link to enwp. ::*Fix categories, see if you find a good image to illustrate ::Once this has been done, you can do that with the next section, if you like. Also note: More controversial subjects need more thought, to give a balanced view. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 12:29, 30 May 2026 (UTC) == A question == Hey guys i am focusing mainly in improving newly-created car articles mainly adding sources and etc the question i have is:do you think i am doing a good job? Just asking. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 19:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Solid work! Thank you for your contributions. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 02:31, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::thanks! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:41, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Looks good to me! Have you considered creating an account? This would let you edit semi-protected pages (after becoming autoconfirmed), and you would not lose your change history every 3 months. Either way, thanks for contributing! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::no problem i think i will prefer to edit logged-out for now. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:42, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Great contributions! You’d be a great asset to the team. Echoing Garsh’s question/suggestion about creating an account :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 05:50, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Please do create an account but please also remember that you can be blocked if you break the rules. If you get blocked you should not indulge in logged out editing nor should you create another account-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:16, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :::Ok i will be careful to not violate any rules [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:43, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::sorry for the late reply but thanks and like i said before i think i will prefer to edit logged-out [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:11, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :::No problem at all! We have temporary accounts for that reason. Edit however you want. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:18, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Decades BC == I recently noticed that in categories of BC decades that are a multiple of 100, (ex., [[:Category:300s BC]], [[:Category:200s BC]], [[:Category:100s BC]], [[:Category:400s BC]], etc. the link at the top of the page, "This [[help:categories|category]] is for topics specifically related to the [[300s BC|300s]]." Links to the wrong page, linking to the AD version instead of the BC version. This also happens in English Wikipedia, strangely enough. The issue is caused by the template for the page. Does anyone know the cause of this issue? <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:51, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :There are others who are far better at templates than I am, but from what I can see, it has to do with [[Template:Decade link]] (also used by enwiki) which is used by [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Basically, the header template uses [[Module:Year category type]] to detect which kind of category it is based on the title. The core subtemplate pulls this value and then modifies what the template header says. It uses the decade link template because the 100 multiple decades need to be disambiguated to distinguish from their respective century pages. That template makes no account for AB vs BC. The header/core does distinguish between the two, but only to add "BC" in the text of the header, not in the wikilink. I suppose one solution could be to fork a second template that would work for the BC categories and then use it in the decade_bc part of [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Some more experienced people should have a look. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:41, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Page Protection == Please protect the pages [[White Americans]], [[Angry white male]], and [[White nationalism]]. These pages are constantly targeted by the same LTA(s). This is essentially the same case as [[#Protecting White Supremacy?]]. If possible, could these pages also be semi-indefed? <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 04:36, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I ageee that these should be protected, but not indefinitely. Since it’s primarily the same LTA, I think a medium term protection like a year or so should be sufficient. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:22, 1 June 2026 (UTC) ::Fair point. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 07:24, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I've protected each page listed for three months. Once the protection expires on September 2 and excessive vandalism continues, a year protection would be the next move in my opinion. [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 16:47, 2 June 2026 (UTC) ::Thanks! <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:31, 3 June 2026 (UTC) == Simple English Wikipedia pools? == Hello Wikipedia administrators and other Wikipedians! I was wondering if we can add pools to the Simple English Wikipedia, just like how in the English Wikipedia we have [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]] in which people make guesses about various future milestones for English Wikipedia, i think we may also add that in the Simple English Wikipedia in which well people make guesses about various future milestones for the Simple English Wikipedia (like for example: the people can make a guess on when will the Simple English Wikipedia reaches 300,000 articles). And that's it i guess - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:28, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :Interesting, Is Pool(s) only meant for guessing future milestones? Also, wouldn’t it be a bit unnecessary here? SEW doesn’t have as many active editors as enwiki, so participation would likely be quite limited. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:39, 3 June 2026 (UTC) ::Hello! But anyways, pools would be only meant for guessing future milestones. Just like English Wikipedia's [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]]. And the reason why we should add pools to SEW is because why not, i feel like this should have pools. And about participation... Well... Since there are less users on SEW than on the English Wikipedia does NOT mean that there is going to be completely no participation in the pools. Like some users on SEW might find these pools and well place their predictions on when will SEW will reach these certain milestones (like when will SEW will reach 300,000 articles) and yeah - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:55, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :I understand where the idea comes from, but I'm not convinced that this would have much meaningful participation here. We don't have that many editors here, so editor time is more valuable. I don't think this is the best way to spend it. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 4 June 2026 (UTC) == Article guidance enabled for the experimentation phase == Dear Wikipedians, The Article guidance team is pleased to announce that the [[Special:NewArticle|Article guidance feature]], which supports editors, especially less experienced ones, in creating new articles aligned with community practices through community-tailored guidance, has been enabled on this Wikipedia as part of an A/B test. As part of the launch, we have collected initial feedback over the last few days and [[phab:maniphest/query/HHh7LVAxSJti/#R|resolved several issues]] based on community comments, and are now officially announcing the launch after addressing the primary issues highlighted. This milestone builds on the communications and collaborations with the community (see previous communications links: [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 173#h-Invitation to try the Article guidance feature in a test environment-20260403023500|1]] [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 174#h-Invitation to adapt the Article guidance outlines-20260429233800|2]] ). We appreciate everyone who tested the feature, reviewed and adapted outlines, responded to questionnaires, participated in office hours, and shared feedback. Your insights have shaped this feature at every stage. The feature is primarily aimed at helping junior editors to create good quality articles that follow the community practices (and detect earlier cases where the intended article is not suited for the wiki). Although the focus is on junior editors, the involvement of more experienced editors is also key. In this experimentation phase, the feature is also being surfaced to experienced contributors so they can use it, raise any issues they find, and become familiar with it. Also, more experienced editors can refine the [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|outlines]] and create additional ones tailored to the type of article outlines they think junior editors will need. Additionally, we want to ensure the feature can also help experienced editors by automating tedious tasks such as [[phab:T421250|Wikidata connections]]. Hearing from experienced editors is really important also to make sure that the new feature doesn't get in their way (and identify early potential issues to fix them). As we get the results of the experiment, we will be able to compare the impact of the feature on both groups to make sure that improvements for one don’t come at the expense of negatively affecting the other group.. Experienced contributors who want to skip creating a new article with the guidance provided in the feature will soon be able to do so once the improvement captured in [[phab:T426382|this ticket]] is implemented. It can be done by clicking on "Edit without community guidance", option at the bottom of the screen, see image below. This option will only be available to experienced contributors once they provide a title for the article in the feature. [[File:"Edit without community guidance" screenshot.png|thumb|left|A screenshot showing the "Skip assistance. Edit without community guidance" option in the Article guidance feature]] The experiment is currently running for a subset of editors creating new articles. It will measure whether guided article creation improves the 30-day survival rate of new articles as the key metric among [[phab:T414503|other measurements]]. This group will see the feature automatically as part of their article-creation workflow. Experienced contributors can continue creating outlines for specific article types as needed for new contributors. As a reference, [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|over 30 outlines are available]] that can be useful as a starting point to define other outlines. Feel free to create outlines tailored to your Wikipedia’s practices and incorporate the tags and markups as they appear in the reference outlines. You can find a quick guide to markups used in outlines on [[mw:Article_guidance/Test_feature_guide#Markups_in_outlines|this page]]. Since this feature is new, we are implementing [[phab:maniphest/query/TX1YrGEYdFbS/#R|improvements identified by contributors]] and will continue to rely on more feedback to refine it. If you notice something that does not work as expected, please report it and share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Article_guidance|the project talk page]]. We will continue to share updates as the experiment progresses. Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 21:36, 4 June 2026 (UTC) :How do I get a redlink to display the deletion log like in the past? Clicking edit without assistance shows it briefly before the edit box takes over. This change has significantly hindered administrative and anti-vandalism work. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::Apologies @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], for the inconvenience this change has caused in your administrative and anti-vandalism work. The issue with red links not displaying the deletion log has been reported here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428146. We understand how important this is to you as an admin, and we are working to restore it as soon as possible. Thank you for your patience. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 03:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) == Creating an article == I want to create an article about the Jin dynasty (265-420), but i am unable to do so, can anyone help me? [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 14:20, 5 June 2026 (UTC) :Basically, you search for the article name in the search box, and if it exists, you are redirected there, if it doesn't, you get a red-link to click on, thats one of the way to create articles. What I found was [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]] [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:44, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::ok thanks [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 21:59, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == Adding more examples to the article Words to avoid in Simple English == (Please let me know if I have made any mistakes here. This is my first time posting on talk pages. I am also new to wikipedia). I have added a discussion about this in the talk page for the article [[Wikipedia:Words to avoid in Simple English]]. Currently, there is only one word in this list. I am going to try to add more words to the list. It would be great to have more people help as well. It would also be great to start discussions on the talk page about which words should be on the list. I really love what this wikipedia is trying to do. I want to help people learn how to make changes to articles. [[User:SuddenArtichokes|SuddenArtichokes]] ([[User talk:SuddenArtichokes|talk]]) 09:14, 6 June 2026 (UTC) :I think a lot of people forgot about that page. It could definitely be helpful to newcomers, if the community made an effort to expand it. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 02:46, 10 June 2026 (UTC) == Beware of list vandalism == I've noticed a recent trend of vandals slowly but surely adding absurd number of items to lists within articles. [[Horton Hears a Who! (movie)]] and [[Dodge Ram]] are two good examples. Because it's gradual, it sometimes gets missed by the recent change patrollers. Please be on the lookout for this! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 18:43, 7 June 2026 (UTC) 0dfnw78gqpo73c97fwaow7kn61syvz3 10882914 10882857 2026-06-10T04:04:52Z BarrasBot 411705 Bot: Archiving 2 threads (older than 10 days) to [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 174]] 10882914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive %(counter)d |algo = old(10d) |counter = 174 |maxarchivesize = 125K |minthreadsleft = 5 }} {{Skip to top and bottom}} {{Please leave this line alone.}} <!-- Questions go here. Post new questions at the BOTTOM of the page. --> == Protecting White Supremacy? == Hello, we have the page [[white supremacy]]. I would like to suggest we fully protect the page, for 1-2 years, after which the protection is re-evaluated. My reasoning behind this is the following: *I edit-protected the page today (for six months), after finding that most of the edits ot the page are vandalism, or reverting vandalism- there is little "content work" *In 2023,2025, and now 2026, there was at least one long term protection of the page *The talk page remains open, and unnmed/unconfirmed editors can still suggest changes. The page gets an average of 427 views per month (or a bit over 10 per day). What do other people think? [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :What I mean is: people wanting to edit need to be auto confirmed [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:57, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :I support long term semi-protection for this page. I think you are correct that it is difficult for us to keep up with the level of vandalism we are seeing. The vandalism is mostly from temp and new accounts, so semi-protection is a proportional response. I'd say let's protect it for 12 or 18 months and then let it open and see if the vandalism starts again. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:51, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :We should probably start being more lenient about semi-protecting pages. While it's certainly a good idea, that in general everyone should be able to edit a project, times have changed a lot in the past 20 years. Nowadays, there is much more vandalism. Other projects, such as enwiki, have introduced the extended confirmed protection for large parts of the project. I think we should start using the semi-protection more frequently and for longer on problematic topics. We are too few people to really keep track of all types of vandalism, especially clever vandalism, where incorrect data is inserted into our articles and often goes unnoticed. I think we could make things easier by protecting pages more often and for longer. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:15, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::The page is currently semi-protected, for six months. I was tempted to use a longer protection, but wanted to get community input. I can think of a few other pages where we likely have similar problems [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:49, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :::If nobody objects, go ahead and do what you feel is best. [[White Americans]] has been one of many targets of the same vandal(s) as [[White supremacy]]. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:18, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::Maybe we consider more leniency with protecting sensitive topics. These could be political figures, race, current events, etc. A lot of vandalism seems to concentrate in these areas. A unfortunate part of it doesn’t get caught or takes some time before it does. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:16, 25 May 2026 (UTC) ::I think our current protection policy is fine to allow that. We can currently only use protection if it is the {{tq|only option left available to solve the problem of vandalism of the page}}, but if lots of sneaky vandalism is going undetected on multiple occasions, it surely ''is'' the only option left to solve the vandalism. I don't want us to start encouraging protection again as I and other admins have been undoing long protections (see [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=protect&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&subtype=unprotect&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist&excludetempacct=1]) and good results have came of it pretty much every time. I should also mention the "honeypot" effect - if a page is closely watched, then vandalism on it will not last very long (and it is very unlikely a reader will come across it in that state) so in a case like that, protection just isn't necessary and pushes them onto parts of the wiki less watched so is actually counterintuitive. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 13:35, 28 May 2026 (UTC) :::I definitely see this side of things too. There is a line between protecting the integrity of the project and overprotecting such that it violates the nature of our mission, and the latter seems to have been done in the past. I will say, it is very frustrating sometimes for those of us who look through recent changes to see the same vandalism repeated by the same LTAs for months. It seems to me that some vandals are only interested in vandalizing certain pages, and it's not a guarantee that they will move along to others. I do agree that permanent protection, especially full protection, shouldn't really be done on content pages. Also, create protection should only be applied to problematic titles that could never really have a legitimate article created (repeated recreations of RfD deletions, hoaxes, etc). I am still in support of medium term protection though as Eptalon is suggesting, especially when shorter terms have not been shown to work. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:42, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :i think it should be indefinitely semi. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 12:30, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you all for the inputs; following this discussion, I have changed the protection to expire a year from now. After the year, we can assess how well this has worked. I would laso suggest, that if people noriuce other pages with a similar editing history, that they start a discussion on ST. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 15:42, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Hi all == After a period of time where I was unable to participate on wiki for technical reasons I am back full-time. Just an fyi. Regards, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 02:14, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back! [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 04:24, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad you're back! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:21, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Good to have you back :). [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 05:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello! Welcome. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 06:40, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Welcome back to the party! -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:58, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yay, welcome back :D --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:36, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Hello[[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 11:14, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Glad to see you returning! [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 01:11, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :Hello![[User:Vietnamtime|Vietnamtime]] ([[User talk:Vietnamtime|talk]]) 04:59, 1 June 2026 (UTC) == A question == Hey guys i am focusing mainly in improving newly-created car articles mainly adding sources and etc the question i have is:do you think i am doing a good job? Just asking. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 19:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Solid work! Thank you for your contributions. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 02:31, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::thanks! [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:41, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Looks good to me! Have you considered creating an account? This would let you edit semi-protected pages (after becoming autoconfirmed), and you would not lose your change history every 3 months. Either way, thanks for contributing! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::no problem i think i will prefer to edit logged-out for now. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:42, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :Great contributions! You’d be a great asset to the team. Echoing Garsh’s question/suggestion about creating an account :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 05:50, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::Please do create an account but please also remember that you can be blocked if you break the rules. If you get blocked you should not indulge in logged out editing nor should you create another account-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 11:16, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :::Ok i will be careful to not violate any rules [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:43, 30 May 2026 (UTC) ::sorry for the late reply but thanks and like i said before i think i will prefer to edit logged-out [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 15:11, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :::No problem at all! We have temporary accounts for that reason. Edit however you want. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 16:18, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Decades BC == I recently noticed that in categories of BC decades that are a multiple of 100, (ex., [[:Category:300s BC]], [[:Category:200s BC]], [[:Category:100s BC]], [[:Category:400s BC]], etc. the link at the top of the page, "This [[help:categories|category]] is for topics specifically related to the [[300s BC|300s]]." Links to the wrong page, linking to the AD version instead of the BC version. This also happens in English Wikipedia, strangely enough. The issue is caused by the template for the page. Does anyone know the cause of this issue? <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:51, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :There are others who are far better at templates than I am, but from what I can see, it has to do with [[Template:Decade link]] (also used by enwiki) which is used by [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Basically, the header template uses [[Module:Year category type]] to detect which kind of category it is based on the title. The core subtemplate pulls this value and then modifies what the template header says. It uses the decade link template because the 100 multiple decades need to be disambiguated to distinguish from their respective century pages. That template makes no account for AB vs BC. The header/core does distinguish between the two, but only to add "BC" in the text of the header, not in the wikilink. I suppose one solution could be to fork a second template that would work for the BC categories and then use it in the decade_bc part of [[Template:Year category header/core]]. Some more experienced people should have a look. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:41, 31 May 2026 (UTC) == Page Protection == Please protect the pages [[White Americans]], [[Angry white male]], and [[White nationalism]]. These pages are constantly targeted by the same LTA(s). This is essentially the same case as [[#Protecting White Supremacy?]]. If possible, could these pages also be semi-indefed? <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 04:36, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I ageee that these should be protected, but not indefinitely. Since it’s primarily the same LTA, I think a medium term protection like a year or so should be sufficient. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:22, 1 June 2026 (UTC) ::Fair point. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 07:24, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I've protected each page listed for three months. Once the protection expires on September 2 and excessive vandalism continues, a year protection would be the next move in my opinion. [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 16:47, 2 June 2026 (UTC) ::Thanks! <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:31, 3 June 2026 (UTC) == Simple English Wikipedia pools? == Hello Wikipedia administrators and other Wikipedians! I was wondering if we can add pools to the Simple English Wikipedia, just like how in the English Wikipedia we have [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]] in which people make guesses about various future milestones for English Wikipedia, i think we may also add that in the Simple English Wikipedia in which well people make guesses about various future milestones for the Simple English Wikipedia (like for example: the people can make a guess on when will the Simple English Wikipedia reaches 300,000 articles). And that's it i guess - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:28, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :Interesting, Is Pool(s) only meant for guessing future milestones? Also, wouldn’t it be a bit unnecessary here? SEW doesn’t have as many active editors as enwiki, so participation would likely be quite limited. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:39, 3 June 2026 (UTC) ::Hello! But anyways, pools would be only meant for guessing future milestones. Just like English Wikipedia's [[:en:Wikipedia:Pools|pools]]. And the reason why we should add pools to SEW is because why not, i feel like this should have pools. And about participation... Well... Since there are less users on SEW than on the English Wikipedia does NOT mean that there is going to be completely no participation in the pools. Like some users on SEW might find these pools and well place their predictions on when will SEW will reach these certain milestones (like when will SEW will reach 300,000 articles) and yeah - [[User:Wikipedian2025|Wikipedian2025]] ([[User talk:Wikipedian2025|talk]]) 14:55, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :I understand where the idea comes from, but I'm not convinced that this would have much meaningful participation here. We don't have that many editors here, so editor time is more valuable. I don't think this is the best way to spend it. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:12, 4 June 2026 (UTC) == Article guidance enabled for the experimentation phase == Dear Wikipedians, The Article guidance team is pleased to announce that the [[Special:NewArticle|Article guidance feature]], which supports editors, especially less experienced ones, in creating new articles aligned with community practices through community-tailored guidance, has been enabled on this Wikipedia as part of an A/B test. As part of the launch, we have collected initial feedback over the last few days and [[phab:maniphest/query/HHh7LVAxSJti/#R|resolved several issues]] based on community comments, and are now officially announcing the launch after addressing the primary issues highlighted. This milestone builds on the communications and collaborations with the community (see previous communications links: [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 173#h-Invitation to try the Article guidance feature in a test environment-20260403023500|1]] [[Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 174#h-Invitation to adapt the Article guidance outlines-20260429233800|2]] ). We appreciate everyone who tested the feature, reviewed and adapted outlines, responded to questionnaires, participated in office hours, and shared feedback. Your insights have shaped this feature at every stage. The feature is primarily aimed at helping junior editors to create good quality articles that follow the community practices (and detect earlier cases where the intended article is not suited for the wiki). Although the focus is on junior editors, the involvement of more experienced editors is also key. In this experimentation phase, the feature is also being surfaced to experienced contributors so they can use it, raise any issues they find, and become familiar with it. Also, more experienced editors can refine the [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|outlines]] and create additional ones tailored to the type of article outlines they think junior editors will need. Additionally, we want to ensure the feature can also help experienced editors by automating tedious tasks such as [[phab:T421250|Wikidata connections]]. Hearing from experienced editors is really important also to make sure that the new feature doesn't get in their way (and identify early potential issues to fix them). As we get the results of the experiment, we will be able to compare the impact of the feature on both groups to make sure that improvements for one don’t come at the expense of negatively affecting the other group.. Experienced contributors who want to skip creating a new article with the guidance provided in the feature will soon be able to do so once the improvement captured in [[phab:T426382|this ticket]] is implemented. It can be done by clicking on "Edit without community guidance", option at the bottom of the screen, see image below. This option will only be available to experienced contributors once they provide a title for the article in the feature. [[File:"Edit without community guidance" screenshot.png|thumb|left|A screenshot showing the "Skip assistance. Edit without community guidance" option in the Article guidance feature]] The experiment is currently running for a subset of editors creating new articles. It will measure whether guided article creation improves the 30-day survival rate of new articles as the key metric among [[phab:T414503|other measurements]]. This group will see the feature automatically as part of their article-creation workflow. Experienced contributors can continue creating outlines for specific article types as needed for new contributors. As a reference, [[Wikipedia:Article Guidance|over 30 outlines are available]] that can be useful as a starting point to define other outlines. Feel free to create outlines tailored to your Wikipedia’s practices and incorporate the tags and markups as they appear in the reference outlines. You can find a quick guide to markups used in outlines on [[mw:Article_guidance/Test_feature_guide#Markups_in_outlines|this page]]. Since this feature is new, we are implementing [[phab:maniphest/query/TX1YrGEYdFbS/#R|improvements identified by contributors]] and will continue to rely on more feedback to refine it. If you notice something that does not work as expected, please report it and share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Article_guidance|the project talk page]]. We will continue to share updates as the experiment progresses. Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 21:36, 4 June 2026 (UTC) :How do I get a redlink to display the deletion log like in the past? Clicking edit without assistance shows it briefly before the edit box takes over. This change has significantly hindered administrative and anti-vandalism work. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 00:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::Apologies @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]], for the inconvenience this change has caused in your administrative and anti-vandalism work. The issue with red links not displaying the deletion log has been reported here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428146. We understand how important this is to you as an admin, and we are working to restore it as soon as possible. Thank you for your patience. [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 03:21, 5 June 2026 (UTC) == Creating an article == I want to create an article about the Jin dynasty (265-420), but i am unable to do so, can anyone help me? [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 14:20, 5 June 2026 (UTC) :Basically, you search for the article name in the search box, and if it exists, you are redirected there, if it doesn't, you get a red-link to click on, thats one of the way to create articles. What I found was [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)]] [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:44, 5 June 2026 (UTC) ::ok thanks [[User:Smokey 6767|Smokey 6767]] ([[User talk:Smokey 6767|talk]]) 21:59, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == Adding more examples to the article Words to avoid in Simple English == (Please let me know if I have made any mistakes here. This is my first time posting on talk pages. I am also new to wikipedia). I have added a discussion about this in the talk page for the article [[Wikipedia:Words to avoid in Simple English]]. Currently, there is only one word in this list. I am going to try to add more words to the list. It would be great to have more people help as well. It would also be great to start discussions on the talk page about which words should be on the list. I really love what this wikipedia is trying to do. I want to help people learn how to make changes to articles. [[User:SuddenArtichokes|SuddenArtichokes]] ([[User talk:SuddenArtichokes|talk]]) 09:14, 6 June 2026 (UTC) :I think a lot of people forgot about that page. It could definitely be helpful to newcomers, if the community made an effort to expand it. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 02:46, 10 June 2026 (UTC) == Beware of list vandalism == I've noticed a recent trend of vandals slowly but surely adding absurd number of items to lists within articles. [[Horton Hears a Who! (movie)]] and [[Dodge Ram]] are two good examples. Because it's gradual, it sometimes gets missed by the recent change patrollers. Please be on the lookout for this! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 18:43, 7 June 2026 (UTC) leb52nfem3t3lxxcrsjtjf8yolfiu57 0 131345 10882458 10836982 2026-06-09T16:52:41Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Trevor Francis | image = Nottingham Forest FC (Amsterdam, 1980) - Trevor Francis.jpg | caption = Francis in Amsterdam in 1980 | fullname = Trevor John Francis | birth_date = {{birth date|1954|4|19|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Plymouth]], England | death_date = {{death date and age|2023|7|24|1954|4|19|df=y}} | death_place = [[Marbella]], Spain | height = {{convert|178|cm|ftin|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/trevor-francis/ |title=Trevor Francis: Profile |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=Heim:Spiel Medien |access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | youthyears1 = 1969–1970 | youthclubs1 = [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] | years1 = 1970–1979 | clubs1 = [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] | caps1 = 280 | goals1 = 118 | years2 = 1978 | clubs2 = → [[Detroit Express]] (loan) | caps2 = 19 | goals2 = 22 | years3 = 1979–1981 | clubs3 = [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] | caps3 = 70 | goals3 = 28 | years4 = 1979 | clubs4 = → [[Detroit Express]] (loan) | caps4 = 14 | goals4 = 14 | years5 = 1981–1982 | clubs5 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | caps5 = 26 | goals5 = 12 | years6 = 1982–1986 | clubs6 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] | caps6 = 67 | goals6 = 17 | years7 = 1986–1987 | clubs7 = [[Atalanta B.C.|Atalanta]] | caps7 = 21 | goals7 = 1 | years8 = 1987–1988 | clubs8 = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] | caps8 = 18 | goals8 = 0 | years9 = 1988–1990 | clubs9 = [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] | caps9 = 32 | goals9 = 12 | years10 = 1988 | clubs10 = → [[Wollongong Wolves FC|Wollongong City]] (loan)| caps10 = 3 | goals10 = 2 | years11 = 1990–1994 | clubs11 = [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] | caps11 = 76 | goals11 = 5 | totalcaps = 626 | totalgoals = 231 | nationalyears1 = 1977–1986 | nationalteam1 = [[England national football team|England]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/francis-intlg.html |title=Trevor John Francis – International Appearances |first=Matthias |last=Arnhold |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) |date=11 February 2006 |access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = 52 | nationalgoals1 = 12 | manageryears1 = 1988–1989 | managerclubs1 = [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] | manageryears2 = 1991–1995 | managerclubs2 = [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] | manageryears3 = 1996–2001 | managerclubs3 = [[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] | manageryears4 = 2001–2003 | managerclubs4 = [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] }} '''Trevor Francis''' (19 April 1954 – 24 July 2023) was an English [[association football|football]]er. He has played for [[England national football team|England national team]]. Francis died of a heart attack at his home near [[Marbella]], Spain, on 24 July 2023. He was 69.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/birmingham-city-trevor-francis-dead-27382085 |title=Birmingham City legend Trevor Francis dies aged 69 |first=Alex |last=Dicken |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=24 July 2023 |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.itv.com/news/central/2023-07-24/britains-first-1m-football-player-trevor-francis-dies-at-69 |title=Britain's first £1m football player Trevor Francis dies at the age of 69 |website=ITV News |date=24 July 2023 |access-date=24 July 2023}}</ref> ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |- !rowspan=2|Club !rowspan=2|Season !colspan=3|League !colspan=2|National cup{{efn|Includes [[FA Cup]], [[Coppa Italia]], [[Scottish Cup]]}} !colspan=2|League cup{{efn|Includes [[Football League Cup]], [[Scottish League Cup]]}} !colspan=2|Europe !colspan=2|Other !colspan=2|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="10"|[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] |[[1970–71 Birmingham City F.C. season|1970–71]]<ref name="ENFA player">{{cite web |url=http://www.enfa.co.uk/playersearch.php |title=Player search: Francis, TJ (Trevor) |website=English National Football Archive (ENFA) |access-date=10 May 2021 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102130637/http://www.enfa.co.uk/playersearch.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |rowspan="2"|[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] |22||15||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||26||15 |- |[[1971–72 Birmingham City F.C. season|1971–72]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |39||12||6{{efn|Includes [[1971–72 FA Cup#Match for third place|1971–72 third-place play-off]], which was not played until August 1972}}||2||1||0||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|Appearances in [[Anglo-Italian Cup]]}}||1||48||15 |- |[[1972–73 Birmingham City F.C. season|1972–73]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |rowspan="7"|[[Football League First Division|First Division]] |31||6||1||0||5||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||37||8 |- |[[1973–74 Birmingham City F.C. season|1973–74]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |37||6||2||1||5||1||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|name=Texaco|Appearances in [[Texaco Cup]]}}||1||47||9 |- |[[1974–75 Birmingham City F.C. season|1974–75]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |23||13||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|name=Texaco}}||1||28||14 |- |[[1975–76 Birmingham City F.C. season|1975–76]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |35||17||2||1||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||39||18 |- |[[1976–77 Birmingham City F.C. season|1976–77]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |42||21||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||45||21 |- |[[1977–78 Birmingham City F.C. season|1977–78]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |42||25||2||2||1||0||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[Anglo-Scottish Cup]]}}||2||48||29 |- |[[1978–79 Birmingham City F.C. season|1978–79]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |9||3||1||0||1||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !280||118||20||6||19||4||colspan="2"|—||10||5||329||133 |- |[[Detroit Express]] (loan) |[[1978 North American Soccer League season|1978]]<ref name=Litterer>{{cite web |url=http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/nasl/naslstar.html |title=Top international stars in the NASL, 1967–1984: Part 1: Player biographies, A–H |website=American Soccer History Archives |publisher=David Litterer |date=29 January 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531092851/http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/nasl/naslstar.html |archive-date=31 May 2013}}</ref> |[[North American Soccer League (1968–1984)|NASL]] |19||22||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|name=NASLPO|Appearances in NASL play-offs}}||3||22||25 |- |rowspan="5"|[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] |[[1978–79 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|1978–79]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |rowspan="4"|First Division |20||6||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1{{efn|name=EC|Appearance(s) in [[European Cup]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||21||7 |- |[[1979–80 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|1979–80]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |30||14||2||0||6||0||6{{efn|Four appearances three goals in European Cup, two appearances in [[European Super Cup]]}}||3||colspan="2"|—||44||17 |- |[[1980–81 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|1980–81]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |18||6||6||5||||||1{{efn|Appearance in European Super Cup}}||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Intercontinental Cup (football)|Intercontinental Cup]]}}||0||26||11 |- |[[1981–82 Nottingham Forest F.C. season|1981–82]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !70||28||8||5||6||0||8||4||1||0||93||37 |- |Detroit Express (loan) |[[1979 North American Soccer League season|1979]]<ref name=Litterer/> |NASL |14||14||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||2{{efn|name=NASLPO}}||0||16||14 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |[[1981–82 Manchester City F.C. season|1981–82]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |First Division |26||12||2||2||1||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||29||14 |- |rowspan="5"|[[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] |[[1982–83 U.C. Sampdoria season|1982–83]]<ref name=Footballdatabase>{{cite web |url=https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/17946-trevor-francis |title=Trevor Francis |website=footballdatabase.eu |access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|[[Serie A]] |14||7||5||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||19||8 |- |[[1983–84 U.C. Sampdoria season|1983–84]]<ref name=Footballdatabase/> |15||3||7||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||23||5 |- |[[1984–85 U.C. Sampdoria season|1984–85]]<ref name=Footballdatabase/> |24||6||11||9||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||35||15 |- |[[1985–86 U.C. Sampdoria season|1985–86]]<ref name=Footballdatabase/> |14||1||11||1||colspan="2"|—||3{{efn|Appearances in [[European Cup-Winners' Cup]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||28||2 |- !colspan="2"|Total !67||17||34||13||colspan="2"|—||3||0||colspan="2"|—||104||30 |- |[[Atalanta B.C.|Atalanta]] |[[1986–87 Atalanta B.C. season|1986–87]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/player/career-path/t-francis-372673 |title=T. Francis |website=BeSoccer.com |access-date=10 May 2021 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510162243/https://www.besoccer.com/player/career-path/t-francis-372673 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Serie A |21||1||9||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||30||3 |- |[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] |[[1987–88 Rangers F.C. season|1987–88]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fitbastats.com/rangers/player_games.php?playerid=1382 |title=Rangers: Games involving Francis, Trevor in season 1987/1988 |website=Fitbastats |publisher=Bobby Sinnet & Thomas Jamieson |access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> |[[Scottish Football League Premier Division|Scottish Premier Division]] |18||0||1||0||2||0||4{{efn|name=EC}}||0||colspan="2"|—||25||0 |- |rowspan="4"|[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] |[[1987–88 Queens Park Rangers F.C. season|1987–88]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |rowspan="3"|First Division |9||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||9||0 |- |[[1988–89 Queens Park Rangers F.C. season|1988–89]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |19||7||1||0||5||3||colspan=2|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Football League Centenary Trophy]]}}||0||26||10 |- |[[1989–90 Queens Park Rangers F.C. season|1989–90]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |4||5||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||7||5 |- !colspan="2"|Total !32||12||1||0||8||3||colspan="2"|—||1||0||42||15 |- |[[Wollongong City F.C.|Wollongong City]] (loan) |[[1988 National Soccer League|1988]]<ref name=OzFootball>{{cite web |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/Players/FOS.html |title=Aussie Footballers: Foster to Fyfe |website=OzFootball |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref> |[[National Soccer League]] |3||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||3||2 |- |rowspan="6"|[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] |[[1989–90 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|1989–90]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |First Division |12||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||12||0 |- |[[1990–91 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|1990–91]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |Second Division |38||4||3||1||6||1||colspan="2"|—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Full Members' Cup]]}}||0||48||6 |- |[[1991–92 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|1991–92]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |First Division |20||1||1||0||1||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||22||3 |- |[[1992–93 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|1992–93]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |rowspan="2"|[[Premier League]] |5||0||0||0||1||0||1{{efn|Appearance in [[UEFA Cup]]}}||0||colspan="2"|—||7||0 |- |[[1993–94 Sheffield Wednesday F.C. season|1993–94]]<ref name="ENFA player"/> |1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total !76||5||4||1||8||3||1||0||1||0||90||9 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !626||231||79||29||44||10||16||4||18||8||783||282 |} {{notelist}} === International === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year<ref name="Englandstats">{{cite web |url=https://www.englandstats.com/player.php?pid=926 |title=Trevor Francis |website=Englandstats |publisher=Davey Naylor |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan=10|[[England national football team|England]] |1977||7||1 |- |1978||5||1 |- |1979||5||2 |- |1980||1||1 |- |1981||5||0 |- |1982||10||5 |- |1983||8||2 |- |1984||4||0 |- |1985||6||0 |- |1986||1||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total!!52!!12 |} :''Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Francis goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Trevor Francis<ref name="Englandstats"/> |- !scope="col"|No. !scope="col"|Date !scope="col"|Venue !scope="col"|Opponent !scope="col"|Score !scope="col"|Result !scope="col"|Competition !scope="col" class="unsortable"|{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- |style="text-align:center"|1 |30 March 1977 |rowspan=2|[[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], London, England |{{fb|LUX}} |style="text-align:center"|2–0 |style="text-align:center"|5–0 |[[1978 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)#Group 2|1978 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |<ref name="Goal 1">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123673310/england-5-luxembourg-0/ |title=England score five but it may not be enough |first=Donald |last=Saunders |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=31 March 1977 |page=34 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|2 |24 May 1978 |{{fb|HUN}} |style="text-align:center"|3–0 |style="text-align:center"|4–1 |[[Exhibition game|Friendly]] |<ref name="Goal 2">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123673526/england-4-hungary-1/ |title=England turn on the magic |first=Ian |last=Willars |newspaper=The Birmingham Post |date=25 May 1978 |page=20 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|3 |rowspan=2|17 October 1979 |rowspan=2|[[Windsor Park]], [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland |rowspan=2|{{fb|NIR}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center"|5–1 |rowspan=2|[[UEFA Euro 1980 qualifying Group 1|UEFA Euro 1980 qualification]] |rowspan=2|<ref name="Goal 3,4">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123673816/n-ireland-1-england-5/ |title=Forest pair's firepower routs Irish |newspaper=Evening Post |location=Nottingham |date=18 October 1979 |page=31 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|4 |style="text-align:center"|3–1 |- |style="text-align:center"|5 |26 March 1980 |[[Camp Nou]], Barcelona, Spain |{{fb|ESP}} |style="text-align:center"|2–0 |style="text-align:center"|2–0 |Friendly |<ref name="Goal 5">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123673954/spain-0-england-2/ |title=Woodcock, Francis smooth England's victory path |first=Denis |last=Lowe |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=27 March 1980 |page=34 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|6 |27 April 1982 |[[Ninian Park]], [[Cardiff]], Wales |{{fb|WAL}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |[[1981–82 British Home Championship]] |<ref name="Goal 6">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123674330/wales-0-england-1/ |title=England looking good for Spain |first=Nick |last=Hilton |newspaper=Daily Post |location=Wrexham |date=28 April 1982 |page=24 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|7 |20 June 1982 |rowspan=2|[[Estadio San Mamés]], [[Bilbao]], Spain |{{fb|TCH}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|2–0 |rowspan=2|[[1982 FIFA World Cup Group 4|1982 FIFA World Cup Group stage]] |<ref name="Goal 7">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123677695/england-2-czechoslovakia-0/ |title=Greenwood: now for the real thing |first=Michael |last=Hart |newspaper=The Standard |location=London |date=21 June 1982 |page=42 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|8 |25 June 1982 |{{fb|KUW}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |<ref name="Goal 8">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123677937/england-1-kuwait-0/ |title=Sad England are offside—and off key |first=David |last=Meek |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |date=26 June 1982 |page=10 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|9 |rowspan=2|22 September 1982 |rowspan=2|[[Idrætsparken]], [[Copenhagen]], Denmark |rowspan=2|{{fb|DNK}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center"|2–2 |rowspan=3|[[UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying Group 3|UEFA Euro 1984 qualification]] |rowspan=2|<ref name="Goal 9,10">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123678323/denmark-2-england-2/ |title=England left with taste of Danish blues |first=Bob |last=Harris |newspaper=The Journal |location=Newcastle |date=23 September 1982 |page=16 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|10 |style="text-align:center"|2–1 |- |style="text-align:center"|11 |27 April 1983 |Wembley Stadium, London, England |{{fb|HUN}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|2–0 |<ref name="Goal 11">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123679121/england-2-hungary-0-2/ |title=Operation for hero of England victory |first=Maurice |last=Burton |newspaper=Lincolnshire Echo |date=28 April 1983 |page=20 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |- |style="text-align:center"|12 |19 June 1983 |[[Olympic Park Stadium (Melbourne)|Olympic Park Stadium]], [[Melbourne]], Australia |{{fb|AUS}} |style="text-align:center"|1–0 |style="text-align:center"|1–1 |Friendly |<ref name="Goal 12">{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123679497/australia-1-england-1/ |title=Socceroos draw 1–1, with a little help |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=20 June 1983 |page=30 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> |} ==Managerial statistics== {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center" |+ Managerial record by team and tenure<ref name="ENFA manager">{{cite web |url=https://www.enfa.co.uk/managersearch.php |title=Manager search: Francis, TJ (Trevor) |website=English National Football Archive (ENFA) |access-date=27 April 2023 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016162130/https://www.enfa.co.uk/managersearch.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- !rowspan="2"|Team !rowspan="2"|From !rowspan="2"|To !colspan="5"|Record |- !{{abbr|P|Matches played}}!!{{abbr|W|Matches won}}!!{{abbr|D|Matches drawn}}!!{{abbr|L|Matches lost}}!!{{abbr|Win %|Win percentage}} |- |style="text-align: left"|[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]] |style="text-align: left"|14 December 1988 |style="text-align: left"|27 November 1989 {{WDL|48|15|17|16|decimals=1}} |- |style="text-align: left"|[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]] |style="text-align: left"|17 June 1991 |style="text-align: left"|20 May 1995 {{WDL|216|89|68|59|decimals=1}} |- |style="text-align: left"|[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] |style="text-align: left"|10 May 1996 |style="text-align: left"|15 October 2001 {{WDL|290|139|70|81|decimals=1}} |- |style="text-align: left"|[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] |style="text-align: left"|30 November 2001 |style="text-align: left"|18 April 2003 {{WDL|78|28|22|28|decimals=1}} |- !colspan="3"|Total {{WDLtot|632|271|177|184|decimals=1}} |} ==Honours== ===Player=== '''Birmingham City''' *[[Football League Second Division]] runner-up: [[1971–72 Football League Second Division|1971–72]]<ref name="TF birthday">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcfc.com/news/article/20140419-happy-birthday-tf-1494976.aspx |title=Happy birthday TF! |publisher=Birmingham City FC |date=19 April 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408173553/http://www.bcfc.com/news/article/20140419-happy-birthday-tf-1494976.aspx |archive-date=8 April 2015}}</ref> '''Detroit Express''' *[[North American Soccer League (1968–84)|American Conference Central Division]]: [[1978 North American Soccer League season#American Conference|1978]]<ref name="TF birthday" /> '''Nottingham Forest''' * [[European Cup]]: [[1978–79 European Cup|1978–79]],<ref name="European Cup" /> [[1979–80 European Cup|1979–80]]<ref name="European Cup">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/feb/05/trevor-francis-first-1m-player-nottingham-forest-clough-anniversary |title='A magical figure': Trevor Francis on being the first £1m player, 40 years on |first=Simon |last=Burnton |work=The Guardian |date=5 February 2019 |access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref> * [[European Super Cup]]: [[1979 European Super Cup|1979]]<ref name="UEFA Francis">{{cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season=1979/ |title=1979: Burns' night for Forest |publisher=UEFA |access-date=29 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413035802/http://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/history/season=1979/index.html |archive-date=13 April 2014}}</ref> * [[Football League Cup]]: runner-up [[1980 Football League Cup Final|1979–80]]<ref name="TF birthday" /> '''Sampdoria''' *[[Coppa Italia]]: [[1984–85 Coppa Italia|1984–85]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11096/9150507/coppa-italia-winner-trevor-francis-previews-this-weeks-roma-napoli-clash |title=Coppa Italia winner Trevor Francis previews this week's Roma–Napoli clash |publisher=Sky Sports |date=2 May 2014 |access-date=29 September 2014}}</ref> '''Rangers''' *[[Scottish League Cup]]: [[1987–88 Scottish League Cup|1987–88]]<ref name="TF birthday" /> '''Sheffield Wednesday''' *[[EFL Cup|Football League Cup]]: [[1990–91 Football League Cup|1990–91]]<ref name="TF birthday" /> '''Individual''' *[[PFA Team of the Year|PFA First Division Team of the Year]]: [[PFA Team of the Year (1970s)#First Division 4|1976–77]], [[PFA Team of the Year (1970s)#First Division 5|1977–78]], [[PFA Team of the Year (1980s)#First Division 3|1981–82]]<ref name=EFO>{{cite web |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersF/BioFrancisTJ.html |title=Trevor Francis |website=England Football Online |publisher=Chris Goodwin & Glen Isherwood |date=25 July 2023 |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref> *Coppa Italia top scorer: [[1984–85 Coppa Italia|1984–85]] (9 goals)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.genova24.it/2023/07/morto-trevor-francis-con-la-sampdoria-vinse-una-coppa-italia-352157/ |title=Morto Trevor Francis, con la Sampdoria vinse una Coppa Italia |language=it |trans-title=Trevor Francis, who won a Coppa Italia with Sampdoria, has died |website=Genova24 |date=24 July 2023 |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref> ===Manager=== '''Sheffield Wednesday''' *[[FA Cup]] runner-up: [[1992–93 FA Cup|1992–93]]<ref name="Wednesday Cup">{{cite news |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11703/9163261/fa-cup-trevor-francis-believes-sheffield-wednesday-have-a-great-chance-of-success-in-the-fa-cup |title=FA Cup: Trevor Francis believes Sheffield Wednesday have a great chance of success in the FA Cup |publisher=Sky Sports |date=13 February 2014 |access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref> *Football League Cup runner-up: [[1992–93 Football League Cup|1992–93]]<ref name="Wednesday Cup" /> '''Birmingham City''' *Football League Cup runner-up: [[2000–01 Football League Cup|2000–01]]<ref name="TF birthday" /> '''Individual''' *[[Premier League Manager of the Month]]: [[1993–94 FA Premier League#Managers of the Month|December 1993]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/managers/517/Trevor-Francis/overview |title=Manager profile: Trevor Francis |publisher=Premier League |access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{England squad 1982 FIFA World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Francis, Trevor}} [[Category:1954 births]] [[Category:2023 deaths]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:English football managers]] [[Category:People from Plymouth]] [[Category:Premier League players]] [[Category:Manchester City F.C. players]] [[Category:Queens Park Rangers F.C. players]] [[Category:Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Devon]] [[Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players]] [[Category:1982 FIFA World Cup players]] dhahlhpo0mm2erog7ud20o3fhl7nvnm 10 135655 10882942 10878846 2026-06-10T05:18:16Z Grufo 990800 Clarity 10882942 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}} | {{Mbox | type = style | image = [[File:Symbol template class.svg|45px|alt=|link=]] | text = '''This is a customized wrapper for the {{Tl|1={{{1}}}}} template,''' which means it's built upon the other template's code. {{#ifeq:{{{any-left|}}}|no | Since all parameters are already managed, no parameters from {{Tl|1={{{1}}}}} will work here. | {{#if:{{{except|}}}{{{omitting|}}} | Parameters from {{Tl|1={{{1}}}}} will work here. | All parameters from {{Tl|1={{{1}}}}} will work here. }} }}{{#invoke:params|new| pulling|omitting| entering_substack|new| pulling|omitting| detaching_substack| 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|rank= [[Captain]] |commands= |unit= |battles= [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Great Patriotic War]] * [[Battle of Stalingrad]] |awards= [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] <br /> [[Order of Lenin]] <br /> [[Order of the Red Banner]]<br /> [[Order of the Patriotic War]], 1st Class <br /> [[Medal for the Defence of Stalingrad]] <br /> [[Medal For the Victory Over Germany]] |laterwork= }} [[Captain]] '''Vasily Grigoryevich Zaytsev''' <ref>{{lang-ru|Васи́лий Григо́рьевич За́йцев}}, {{pronounced|vʌˈsʲilʲɪj grʲɪˈgorʲjevʲɪtɕ ˈzajtsɨf}}</ref> (23 March 1915 – 15 December 1991) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[sniper]] during [[World War II]]. He is particularly notable for his activities between 10 November and 17 December 1942, during the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]. He killed 225 [[soldiers]] and officers of the [[Wehrmacht]] and other [[Axis Powers|Axis]] armies, including 11 enemy [[sniper]]s.<ref name=bioru>{{in lang|ru}}[http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=481 Biography] at the website on Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia</ref> Before the 10th November, he had already killed 32 Axis soldiers with the standard [[Mosin-Nagant]] rifle.<ref name=bioru/> Between October 1942 and January 1943, Zaytsev had made 242 verified kills,<ref name=notes>{{Cite web |url=http://www.notesofasniper.com/intro.htm |title=About Vassili Zaitsev |access-date=2008-10-18 |archive-date=2007-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720095614/http://www.notesofasniper.com/intro.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> but the real number may be much higher;<ref name=wioru>[http://www.wio.ru/galgrnd/sniper/sniper.htm Top WW2 Snipers]</ref> some argue it might have been as many as 400.<ref name=snipercentral>{{Cite web |url=http://www.snipercentral.com/snipers.htm#WWII |title=World War II Snipers |access-date=2008-10-18 |archive-date=2010-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100502040822/http://www.snipercentral.com/snipers.htm#WWII |url-status=dead }}</ref> His [[military rank]] at the time was Junior Lieutenant. *A film called ''Enemy At The Gates'' is based on his achievements during WWII. == References == {{Reflist}} == Books == * Zaytsev,Vasily (1956) "Notes of a Sniper:For us There is no Land Beyond the Volga" Vladivostok:Moscow/2826 Press Inc. * Beevor, Antony (1998). ''Stalingrad''. Penguin Books Ltd.: London. {{ISBN|0-14-100131-3}}. * Robbins, David L. (2000). ''War of the Rats''. Bantam Books. {{ISBN|0-553-58135-X}}. * (1989). ''The Reader's Digest Illustrated History of World War II''. Reader's Digest Association Limited.: London. {{ISBN|0-89577-333-3}} {{wikiquote-en}} == Other websites == * {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=481 Vasily Zaytsev war hero biography]&nbsp;– On the website dedicated to the Heroes of the Soviet Union/Russia * {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.patriotica.ru/history/zay_stal.html Василий Зайцев "За Волгой земли для нас не было.Записки снайпера"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221204847/http://www.patriotica.ru/history/zay_stal.html |date=2008-02-21 }}&nbsp;— Vasily Zaytsev's book ([[Zip (file format)|Zip archive]]) * [http://www.wio.ru/galgrnd/sniper/sniper.htm WWII snipers] {{DEFAULTSORT:Zaytsev, Vasily}} [[Category:1915 births]] [[Category:1991 deaths]] [[Category:Russian autobiographers]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]] [[Category:Russian writers]] [[Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II]] [[Category:Soviet writers]] 6czr0s9hyrv2jvxv2iiebrha9u064la 0 138160 10882392 10876756 2026-06-09T15:23:34Z ~2026-33945-15 1819131 10882392 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Manny channel !Title !Air date !End date !Tv Ratings |- |Buzz on maggie | rowspan="13" |October 31, 2005 |September 6, 2009 |TV G |- |Dragon tales |September 29, 2008 |TV Y |- |Hi hi puffy Ami yumi |January 9, 2010 |TV Y7 |- |El tigre |July 27, 2016 |TV Y7 F7 |- |Tweenies |May 27, 2016 | |- |Jane and the Dragon | rowspan="6" |July 27, 2016 | |- |VeggieTales | |- |Sesame Street | |- |Strawberry shortcake | |- |LarryBoy Adventures | |- |Magic school bus | |- |Brandy and Mr. Whiskers |December 30, 2009 | |- |Dragon |September 25, 2015 | |- |Postman Pat | rowspan="2" |December 31, 2005 | rowspan="2" |July 30, 2011 | |- |Peep and the Big Wide World | |- |Franklin | rowspan="7" |January 3, 2006 | rowspan="3" |July 25, 2015 | |- |Rollie pollie ollie | |- |Higglytown Heroes | |- |Out of the box | rowspan="4" |March 5, 2015 | |- |Supernanny | |- |Bear in the big blue house | |- |Dora the explorer | |- |King of queens | rowspan="7" |March 30, 2006 |September 29, 2007 | |- |Zula Patrol |February 28, 2011 | |- |Blue’s clues | rowspan="3" |July 24, 2015 | |- |Sonic the Hedgehog | |- |Liberty kids | |- |Franny’s Feet | rowspan="4" |July 27, 2016 | |- |Maggie and the ferocious beast | |- |Mickey Mouse clubhouse | rowspan="4" |September 9, 2006 | |- |Harry and his bucket full of dinosaurs | |- |Fimbles |October 31, 2015 | |- |Pokémon |July 27, 2015 | |- |Boo! | rowspan="8" |January 8, 2007 | rowspan="4" |October 31, 2015 | |- |Theodore tugboat | |- |Little Einstein | |- |Lamp chops play along | |- |Bananas in pyjamas |May 1, 2011 | |- |Wonder Pets | rowspan="2" |November 1, 2015 | |- |Lazytown | |- |VeggieTales on tv |September 13, 2009 | |- |My Friend rabbit | rowspan="2" |October 6, 2007 |July 25, 2015 | |- |Handy manny |July 27, 2016 | |- |Miss BG | rowspan="2" |December 3, 2007 | rowspan="2" |August 21, 2014 | |- |Frances | |- |Trolz |July 4, 2008 |September 5, 2014 | |- |Turbo dogs |October 4, 2008 |September 27, 2015 | |- |Maisy | rowspan="4" |November 4, 2008 |June 29, 2012 | |- |toot and puddle |July 30, 2012 | |- |Hip hop Harry | rowspan="2" |June 31, 2016 | |- |Meteor and the mighty monster trucks | |- |Fairy odd parents | rowspan="4" |September 19, 2009 | rowspan="4" |September 19, 2015 | |- |Strawberry shortcake berry bitty adventures | |- |El Tigre the adventures of Manny rivera | |- |Sammy’s Story Shop | |- |Imagination movers | rowspan="2" |October 10, 2009 |July 27, 2016 | |- |Shelldon |September 9, 2012 | |- |Oobi | rowspan="3" |October 26, 2009 | rowspan="3" |September 26, 2015 | |- |Bo on the Go! | |- |Super why | |- |Panwapa | rowspan="2" |July 3, 2010 | rowspan="2" |August 31, 2013 | |- |Gullah Gullah island | |- |Rob the robot | rowspan="5" |September 27, 2010 |September 26, 2015 | |- |Mysteries of Alfred hedgehog |September 25, 2015 | |- |Betty boop | rowspan="3" |August 25, 2013 | |- |Popeye | |- |Looney Tunes | |- |Wuzzles |September 28, 2010 |August 26, 2013 | |- |Bubble guppies | rowspan="3" |January 10, 2011 | rowspan="2" |September 31, 2015 | |- |Zigby | |- |Sunny side up show |November 24, 2012 | |- |Pirates adventures with art | rowspan="3" |February 14, 2011 | rowspan="3" |November 30, 2015 | |- |Jake and the neverlands pirates | |- |My little pony | |- |Toddworld | rowspan="2" |March 7, 2011 | rowspan="2" |September 21, 2015 | |- |Wordworld | |- |Bananas in pyjamas (2011) | rowspan="3" |May 31, 2011 | rowspan="3" |November 1, 2015 | |- |Little bear | |- |Cholie’s closet | |- |What so raven | rowspan="2" |August 31, 2011 | rowspan="2" |July 31, 2015 | |- |Wow wow wubbzy | |- |Clang invasion | rowspan="2" |September 3, 2011 | rowspan="2" |December 27, 2015 | |- |Sagwa the Chinese Siamese cat | |- |Robot and monster | rowspan="2" |December 3, 2011 | rowspan="2" |December 31, 2015 | |- |Doodle doo | |- |Chuck and friends | rowspan="3" |February 18, 2012 | rowspan="3" |December 31, 2014 | |- |My friends tigger and pooh | |- |Martha speaks | |- |Jacob Two-Two | rowspan="3" |June 9, 2012 | rowspan="3" |August 31, 2015 | |- |Animal mechanicals | |- |Tickety toc | |- |Olive the ostrich | rowspan="4" |June 30, 2012 | rowspan="4" |February 28, 2016 | |- |Jakers | |- |Doc mcstuffins | |- |Madeline | |- |Sofia the first | rowspan="7" |May 13, 2013 | rowspan="7" |December 25, 2015 | |- |I spy | |- |Guess with Jess | |- |Thomas and friends | |- |Clifford the big red dog | |- |Creative galaxy | |- |She zow | |- |3-2-1 Penguins! | rowspan="5" |May 18, 2013 |August 31, 2014 | |- |Kick buttowski | rowspan="4" |December 19, 2015 | |- |Mega babies | |- |Masha and the bear | |- |Waybuloo | |- |Dive Olly dive | rowspan="7" |April 7, 2014 | rowspan="7" |March 30, 2016 | |- |Growing up Creepie | |- |Kipper | |- |Paw patrol | |- |Monster by mistake | |- |Sheriff calies Wild West | |- |VeggieTales in the house | |- |Raggs | rowspan="4" |September 1, 2014 |July 27, 2016 | |- |Doki |July 26, 2016 | |- |Mio mao |July 1, 2016 | |- |Alvin and the chimpmucks |September 18, 2015 | |- |Mickey’s farm | rowspan="6" |December 31, 2014 | rowspan="5" |July 4, 2016 | |- |Noddy | |- |Astroblast | |- |Sitting ducks | |- |Chica show | |- |Babar |July 22, 2016 | |- |Charlie and lola | rowspan="4" |January 3, 2015 | rowspan="4" |July 21, 2016 | |- |Joe and Jack | |- |Earth to Luna | |- |Kate and mim mim | |- |Hee haw | rowspan="7" |March 30, 2015 | rowspan="7" |December 31, 2015 | |- |Alf | |- |Littlelest pet shop | |- |Go Diego go | |- |Ruff ruff tweet and Dave | |- |Zack and quick | |- |Zoboomafoo | |- |Jelly jamm | rowspan="2" |June 1, 2015 | rowspan="2" |July 23, 2016 | |- |Clangers | |- |Team umizoomi | rowspan="11" |September 28, 2015 | rowspan="11" |July 27, 2016 | |- |Miles from Tomorrowland | |- |Goldie and bear | |- |Chuggington | |- |Peter rabbit | |- |Tree fu Tom | |- |Justin time | |- |Alphablocks | |- |Pj masks | |- |Pinky dinky doo | |- |Babar and the Adventures of Badou | |- |The lion guard |February 1, 2016 |July 25, 2016 | |} [[Category:Computer science]] 4xps0dh36d5qaspat5isu1942yqtd8z 10882393 10882392 2026-06-09T15:27:29Z ~2026-33945-15 1819131 10882393 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Manny channel !Title !Air date !End date |- |Buzz on maggie | rowspan="14" |October 31, 2005 |September 6, 2009 |- |Dragon tales |September 29, 2008 |- |Hi hi puffy Ami yumi |January 9, 2010 |- |El tigre |July 27, 2016 |- |Tweenies | rowspan="2" |May 27, 2016 |- |Moose and zee |- |Jane and the Dragon | rowspan="6" |July 27, 2016 |- |VeggieTales |- |Sesame Street |- |Strawberry shortcake |- |LarryBoy Adventures |- |Magic school bus |- |Brandy and Mr. Whiskers |December 30, 2009 |- |Dragon |September 25, 2015 |- |Postman Pat | rowspan="2" |December 31, 2005 | rowspan="2" |July 30, 2011 |- |Peep and the Big Wide World |- |Franklin | rowspan="7" |January 3, 2006 | rowspan="3" |July 25, 2015 |- |Rollie pollie ollie |- |Higglytown Heroes |- |Out of the box | rowspan="4" |March 5, 2015 |- |Supernanny |- |Bear in the big blue house |- |Dora the explorer |- |King of queens | rowspan="7" |March 30, 2006 |September 29, 2007 |- |Zula Patrol |February 28, 2011 |- |Blue’s clues | rowspan="3" |July 24, 2015 |- |Sonic the Hedgehog |- |Liberty kids |- |Franny’s Feet | rowspan="4" |July 27, 2016 |- |Maggie and the ferocious beast |- |Mickey Mouse clubhouse | rowspan="4" |September 9, 2006 |- |Harry and his bucket full of dinosaurs |- |Fimbles |October 31, 2015 |- |Pokémon |July 27, 2015 |- |Boo! | rowspan="8" |January 8, 2007 | rowspan="4" |October 31, 2015 |- |Theodore tugboat |- |Little Einstein |- |Lamp chops play along |- |Bananas in pyjamas |May 1, 2011 |- |Wonder Pets | rowspan="2" |November 1, 2015 |- |Lazytown |- |VeggieTales on tv |September 13, 2009 |- |My Friend rabbit | rowspan="2" |October 6, 2007 |July 25, 2015 |- |Handy manny |July 27, 2016 |- |Miss BG | rowspan="2" |December 3, 2007 | rowspan="2" |August 21, 2014 |- |Frances |- |Trolz |July 4, 2008 |September 5, 2014 |- |Turbo dogs |October 4, 2008 |September 27, 2015 |- |Maisy | rowspan="4" |November 4, 2008 |June 29, 2012 |- |toot and puddle |July 30, 2012 |- |Hip hop Harry | rowspan="2" |June 31, 2016 |- |Meteor and the mighty monster trucks |- |Fairy odd parents | rowspan="4" |September 19, 2009 | rowspan="4" |September 19, 2015 |- |Strawberry shortcake berry bitty adventures |- |El Tigre the adventures of Manny rivera |- |Sammy’s Story Shop |- |Imagination movers | rowspan="2" |October 10, 2009 |July 27, 2016 |- |Shelldon |September 9, 2012 |- |Oobi | rowspan="3" |October 26, 2009 | rowspan="3" |September 26, 2015 |- |Bo on the Go! |- |Super why |- |Panwapa | rowspan="2" |July 3, 2010 | rowspan="2" |August 31, 2013 |- |Gullah Gullah island |- |Rob the robot | rowspan="5" |September 27, 2010 |September 26, 2015 |- |Mysteries of Alfred hedgehog |September 25, 2015 |- |Betty boop | rowspan="3" |August 25, 2013 |- |Popeye |- |Looney Tunes |- |Wuzzles |September 28, 2010 |August 26, 2013 |- |Bubble guppies | rowspan="3" |January 10, 2011 | rowspan="2" |September 31, 2015 |- |Zigby |- |Sunny side up show |November 24, 2012 |- |Pirates adventures with art | rowspan="3" |February 14, 2011 | rowspan="3" |November 30, 2015 |- |Jake and the neverlands pirates |- |My little pony |- |Toddworld | rowspan="2" |March 7, 2011 | rowspan="2" |September 21, 2015 |- |Wordworld |- |Bananas in pyjamas (2011) | rowspan="3" |May 31, 2011 | rowspan="3" |November 1, 2015 |- |Little bear |- |Cholie’s closet |- |What so raven | rowspan="2" |August 31, 2011 | rowspan="2" |July 31, 2015 |- |Wow wow wubbzy |- |Clang invasion | rowspan="2" |September 3, 2011 | rowspan="2" |December 27, 2015 |- |Sagwa the Chinese Siamese cat |- |Robot and monster | rowspan="2" |December 3, 2011 | rowspan="2" |December 31, 2015 |- |Doodle doo |- |Chuck and friends | rowspan="3" |February 18, 2012 | rowspan="3" |December 31, 2014 |- |My friends tigger and pooh |- |Martha speaks |- |Jacob Two-Two | rowspan="3" |June 9, 2012 | rowspan="3" |August 31, 2015 |- |Animal mechanicals |- |Tickety toc |- |Olive the ostrich | rowspan="4" |June 30, 2012 | rowspan="4" |February 28, 2016 |- |Jakers |- |Doc mcstuffins |- |Madeline |- |Sofia the first | rowspan="7" |May 13, 2013 | rowspan="7" |December 25, 2015 |- |I spy |- |Guess with Jess |- |Thomas and friends |- |Clifford the big red dog |- |Creative galaxy |- |She zow |- |3-2-1 Penguins! | rowspan="5" |May 18, 2013 |August 31, 2014 |- |Kick buttowski | rowspan="4" |December 19, 2015 |- |Mega babies |- |Masha and the bear |- |Waybuloo |- |Dive Olly dive | rowspan="7" |April 7, 2014 | rowspan="7" |March 30, 2016 |- |Growing up Creepie |- |Kipper |- |Paw patrol |- |Monster by mistake |- |Sheriff calies Wild West |- |VeggieTales in the house |- |Raggs | rowspan="4" |September 1, 2014 |July 27, 2016 |- |Doki |July 26, 2016 |- |Mio mao |July 1, 2016 |- |Alvin and the chimpmucks |September 18, 2015 |- |Mickey’s farm | rowspan="6" |December 31, 2014 | rowspan="5" |July 4, 2016 |- |Noddy |- |Astroblast |- |Sitting ducks |- |Chica show |- |Babar |July 22, 2016 |- |Charlie and lola | rowspan="4" |January 3, 2015 | rowspan="4" |July 21, 2016 |- |Joe and Jack |- |Earth to Luna |- |Kate and mim mim |- |Hee haw | rowspan="7" |March 30, 2015 | rowspan="7" |December 31, 2015 |- |Alf |- |Littlelest pet shop |- |Go Diego go |- |Ruff ruff tweet and Dave |- |Zack and quick |- |Zoboomafoo |- |Jelly jamm | rowspan="2" |June 1, 2015 | rowspan="2" |July 23, 2016 |- |Clangers |- |Team umizoomi | rowspan="11" |September 28, 2015 | rowspan="11" |July 27, 2016 |- |Miles from Tomorrowland |- |Goldie and bear |- |Chuggington |- |Peter rabbit |- |Tree fu Tom |- |Justin time |- |Alphablocks |- |Pj masks |- |Pinky dinky doo |- |Babar and the Adventures of Badou |- |The lion guard |February 1, 2016 |July 25, 2016 |} [[Category:Computer science]] b17exunodgste8rweupba3yf3040dcn 10882901 10882393 2026-06-10T03:38:09Z Garsh2 1475106 Reverted to revision 10875118 by FlammablePizza: rvv. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882901 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[computer science]], a '''lookup table''' is a [[data structure]], usually an [[array]] or [[associative array]], used to replace a [[runtime]] [[computation]] (calculation) with a simple array indexing operation. The main purpose is in saving run time since [[Information retrieval|retrieving]] a value from memory is often faster than undergoing a time consuming [[computation]] (see [[Space-time tradeoff]]). Lookup tables are also used to [[Data validation|validate]] input values by [[matching]] against a list of valid (or invalid) items in an array. *[[Table (information)]] {{Tech-stub}} [[Category:Computer science]] jguqyyj03rpdxvrf43oarcyfuaxand8 0 157981 10882738 9186749 2026-06-09T23:38:44Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Football player infobox |playername=Valentin Ivanov |image=Valentin Kozmich Ivanov.jpg |fullname=Valentin Kozmich Ivanov |birth_date={{Birth date|1934|11|19|df=yes}} |birth_place=[[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] |death_date={{death date and age|2011|11|8|1934|11|19|df=yes}} |height= |position=[[Striker]] (retired) |currentclub= |clubnumber= |youthyears1= |youthclubs1= |years1=1953-1966 |clubs1=[[F.C. Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]] |nationalyears1=1956-1965 |nationalteam1=[[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union]] |manageryears1= |managerclubs1= }} '''Valentin Kozmich Ivanov''' ([[November 19]], [[1934]] – [[November 8]], [[2011]]) was a former [[Russia]]n [[Association football|football]] player. He played for [[F.C. Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]] and [[Soviet Union national football team|Soviet Union national team]]. He died on November 8, 2011 of [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.sports.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoo UK & Ireland - Sports News - Live Scores - Results|website=Yahoo Sports|access-date=2019-02-13|archive-date=2019-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214004108/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Club career statistics== <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/19053/Valentin_Ivanov.html|title=Valentin Ivanov|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player club statistics 1|NNN}} {{Football player club statistics 2|URS|NNN}} |- |1953||rowspan="14"|[[F.C. Torpedo Moscow|Torpedo Moscow]]||rowspan="14"|[[Soviet Top League|Top League]]||19||4 |- |1954||22||7 |- |1955||13||5 |- |1956||21||13 |- |1957||22||14 |- |1958||18||14 |- |1959||21||6 |- |1960||17||8 |- |1961||23||9 |- |1962||13||4 |- |1963||36||17 |- |1964||30||14 |- |1965||22||7 |- |1966||11||2 {{Football player club statistics 3|1|Soviet Union}}287||124 {{Football player club statistics 5}}287||124 |} ==International career statistics== <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/ussr-recintlp.html|title=Soviet Union/CIS - Record International Players|website=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|URS}} |- !Total||59||26 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Soviet Union Squad 1958 World Cup}} {{Soviet Union Squad 1962 World Cup}} {{sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ivanov, Valentin Kozmich}} [[Category:1934 births]] [[Category:2011 deaths]] [[Category:Footballers from Moscow]] 9kyu0d5kd9mssv38dwl83kmb3ylvay0 0 165060 10883011 10183183 2026-06-10T09:22:35Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10883011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hurricane season |Basin=Atl| Year=1998| |image=1998 Atlantic hurricane season map.png |Track = 1998 Atlantic hurricane season map.png |First storm formed=July 31, 1998 | Last storm dissipated=December 1, 1998 | Strongest storm name=[[Hurricane Mitch|Mitch]] | Strongest storm pressure = 905 | Strongest storm winds = 180 | Total storms=14 | Total hurricanes=10 | Total intense=3 | Damages=12000 | Inflated= | Fatalities=12,000+ | basin=Atlantic hurricane | five seasons=[[1996 Atlantic hurricane season|1996]], [[1997 Atlantic hurricane season|1997]], '''1998''', [[1999 Atlantic hurricane season|1999]], [[2000 Atlantic hurricane season|2000]] }} The '''1998 Atlantic hurricane season''' was the second deadliest [[Atlantic hurricane]] season. It began on June 1, 1998, and it ended on November 30, 1998. However, one storm lasted until after the end of the season. This season had 14 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 3 major hurricanes. Storms during the season caused more than 12,000 deaths. Most of these were caused by [[Hurricane Mitch]]. ==Storms== ===Tropical Storm Alex=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atlantic | Image=Alex 1998-07-31 0945Z.png | Track=Alex 1998 track.png | Formed=July 28 | Dissipated=July 31 |1-min winds=50 |Pressure=1012 }} On July 27, the first tropical depression started. By July 29, it became ''Tropical Storm Alex''. Alex moved toward land but died on affect anywhere. [[Wind shear]] caused Alex to die on August 2. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Bonnie=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atlantic | Image=Bonnie 1998-08-23 1745Z.png | Track=Bonnie 1998 track.png | Formed=August 15 | Dissipated=August 19 |1-min winds=100 |Pressure=954 }} Hurricane Bonnie started on August 19, as a tropical depression. It had become a tropical storm by the next day. Bonnie became a hurricane after passing to the north of [[Puerto Rico]]. By August 27 it had slammed into [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], as a category 3 hurricane. Hurricane Bonnie went back out into the Atlantic and died on August 30. Bonnie killed about 5 people and caused $1 billion in damage. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Charley=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Charley 1998-08-21 1800Z.png | Track=Charley 1998 track.png | Formed=August 21 | Dissipated=August 24 |1-min winds=60 |Pressure=997 }} Tropical Storm Charley started in the northwestern [[Gulf of Mexico]] on August 21. It became a strong tropical storm before it made landfall near [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]] in [[Texas]]. Charley had died by August 24 over western Texas. It killed between 20-26 people and caused $50 million in damage. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Danielle=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atlantic | Image=Danielle 1998-09-01 1815Z.png | Track= Danielle 1998 track.png | Formed=August 23 | Dissipated=august 29 |1-min winds=75 |Pressure=91020 }} Hurricane Danielle started on August 24 as a tropical depression. By August 25 it was already a hurricane. It tracked across most of the Atlantic, switching between a category 1 and 2 hurricane for most of the time. Danielle headed for the [[United States]], but missed as it turned north. The hurricane moved to the northeast and slowly weakened. On September 3, Danielle died. The remains continued until they were a few hundred miles north of [[Iceland]] on September 8. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Earl === {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image= Hurricane Earl 02 sept 1998 2028Z.jpg | Track=Earl 1998 track.png | Formed=August 31 | Dissipated=September 3 |1-min winds=90 |Pressure=988 }} Earl started in the southern Gulf of Mexico. It soon became a tropical storm and it became a hurricane about a day later. Hurricane Earl peak as a category 2 hurricane, but it weakened back to a category 1 as it made landfall in [[Panama City, Florida]] on September 3. It soon died after it crossed into [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. Earl killed 3 people and caused around $79 million in damage. {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Frances=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=TS Frances 10 sept 1998 2040Z.jpg | Track=Frances 1998 track.png | Formed=September 8 | Dissipated=September 13 | 1-min winds=55 | Pressure=990 }} Frances formed in the Gulf of Mexico on September 8. It soon became a tropical storm before it made landfall in [[Texas]] on September 11. Tropical Storm Frances last for two more days over land. The storm killed 2 people and caused $500 million in damage. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Georges=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Georges 1998-09-20 1847Z.jpg | Track=Georges 1998 track.png | Formed=September 15 | Dissipated=October 1 |1-min winds=135 |Pressure=937 }} [[Hurricane Georges]] was a very strong category 4 hurricane. Over its path it nearly became a category 5 hurricane on September 20. Notably, the storm made landfall in [[Puerto Rico]], [[Dominican Republic]], and [[Cuba]]. Georges made landfall near [[Biloxi, Mississippi]] on September 28. Hurricane Georges died on October 1 just before entering the Atlantic near the Florida and Georgia border. It also caused over 350,000 people to become homeless in Cuba, [[Haiti]], and Dominican Republic. The hurricane caused almost $6 billion in damage and it killed 604 people. {{clear}} ===Tropical Storm Hermine=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Tropical Storm Hermine 19 sept 1998 2041Z.jpg | Track=Hermine 1998 track.png | Formed=September 17 | Dissipated=September 20 |1-min winds=40 |Pressure=999 }} Hermine was a weak tropical storm that started on September 17 in the Gulf of Mexico. On September 20 it made landfall in [[Louisiana]]. It died that same day and it killed 2 people and caused only $85,000 in damage. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Ivan=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small | Basin=Atl | Image=Hurricane Ivan (1998).jpg | Track=Ivan 1998 track.png | Formed=September 19 | Dissipated=September 27 | 1-min winds=80 | Pressure=975 }} Ivan started on September 19 near [[Cape Verde]] Islands. It strengthened into a tropical storm soon after and head to the north. On September 23 it became a hurricane, and it soon slowly turned east. It passed just north of the Azores as a hurricane on September 26. [[Hurricane Ivan]] died on September 27. {{clear}} ===Hurricane Jeanne=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Hurricane Jeanne (1998).jpg | Track=Jeanne 1998 track.png | Formed=September 21 | Dissipated=October 1 |1-min winds=92.5 |Pressure=969 }} Jeanne started on September 21 near the coast of [[Africa]]. It became a tropical storm later that day and a hurricane soon after. Hurricane Jeanne began to turn to the east on September 25. On October 1 it crossed through the Azores before it died later that day. The remains of Jeanne reached [[Portugal]] on October 4. {{clear}} === Hurricane Karl === {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Hurricane Karl (1998).JPG | Track=Karl 1998 track.png | Formed=September 23 | Dissipated=September 28 |1-min winds=92.5 |Pressure=970 }} Hurricane Karl was, at first, Tropical Depression Eleven which formed on September 23. It later became Tropical Storm Karl and then Hurricane Karl. Hurricane Karl was one of four hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean on September 26. Karl died on September 28 near [[Ireland]].<ref>http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1998karl.html</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Lisa=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Lisa vis.gif | Track=Lisa 1998 track.png | Formed=October 5 | Dissipated=October 9 |1-min winds=65 |Pressure=995 }} On October 5 Tropical Depression One formed, shortly after it became Tropical Storm Lisa. On October 9 Tropical Storm Lisa strengthened and became Hurricane Lisa. Hurricane Lisa became extratropical and dead out over the Atlantic that same day. At one point in time Hurricane Lisa moving speed was greater than 58&nbsp;mph.<ref>http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1998lisa.html</ref> {{clear}} ===Hurricane Mitch=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Mitch 1998-10-26 1845Z.png | Track=Mitch 1998 track.png | Formed=October 22 | Dissipated=November 5 |1-min winds=155 |Pressure=905 }} {{hurricane main|Hurricane Mitch}} Hurricane Mitch was a very powerful storm. Mitch was a category 5 but it made landfall as a category 1. However Mitch still devastated [[Central America]], causing at least 9,000 deaths and at least $5 billion in damage.<ref>http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1998mitch.html NHC Mitch Report</ref> <div style="clear: both"></div> ===Hurricane Nicole=== {{Infobox Hurricane Small |Basin=Atl | Image=Hurricane Nicole 30 nov 1998 1719Z.jpg | Track=Nicole 1998 track.png | Formed=November 24 | Dissipated=December 1 |1-min winds=75 |Pressure=979 }} Nicole formed late in the season in the eastern Atlantic. It was named on November 24, the storm moved west-southwest for several days, and wind shear caused it to weaken to a tropical depression on November 26. However, it strengthened again and was again called a tropical storm on November 27. Nicole was heading northeast toward the [[Azores]] as a weak hurricane. The storm then turned back to the north and was weakened to an [[Extratropical cyclone|extratropical storm]] on December 1. Hurricane Nicole never affected land and no damage was reported. <div style="clear: both"></div> ==Storm names== Below is a full list of names that was being used in 1998. There were four storm names used for the first time they were named: Alex, Lisa, Mitch, and Nicole for the first time in 1998. Alex was used for the first time because it was a replacement for the name [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]]. Names not used are marked in {{tcname unused}}. {| width="90%" | * Alex * Bonnie * Charley * Danielle * Earl * Frances * Georges | * Hermine * Ivan * Jeanne * Karl * Lisa * [[Hurricane Mitch|Mitch]] * Nicole | * {{tcname unused|Otto}} * {{tcname unused|Paula}} * {{tcname unused|Richard}} * {{tcname unused|Shary}} * {{tcname unused|Tomas}} * {{tcname unused|Virginie}} * {{tcname unused|Walter}} |} ===Retirement=== {{seealso|List of retired Atlantic hurricane names}} After the season there were two names that were retired: Georges and Mitch. Since they were retired, they will never be used for an Atlantic storm again. In 2004 the names: Gaston and Matthew, were used instead. ==References== {{reflist}} {{1998 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}} {{1990-1999 Atlantic hurricane seasons}} {{hurricane-stub}} [[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons]] [[Category:1998|Atlantic hurricane season]] [[Category:1990s in weather]] 8zgvdx1v1wet971zxm3of4to6ujlcnv 0 165979 10883023 10870144 2026-06-10T09:28:42Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10883023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University | name = University of the City of Manila | native_name = Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila | image = PLM University logo.jpg | caption = [[Seal of the University of the City of Manila]] | motto = Karunungan, Kaunlaran, Kadakilaan | motto_lang = Filipino | established = 19 June 1965 | type = Public university, city-funded | endowment = 750 million [[peso]]s | debt = | rector = | chancellor = | president = Atty. Rafaelito M. Garayblas | provost = | principal = | vice_chancellor = | director = | dean = | staff = | students = 13,000 | undergrad = 12,000 | postgrad = 1,000 | city = Manila | state = Metro Manila | province = | country = Philippines | campus = Intramuros | sports = | athletics = | nickname = Blue Panthers | mascot = | memberships = | website = [http://www.plm.edu.ph www.plm.edu.ph] | footnotes = | coor = {{coord|43|35|12|N|120|58|35|W|}} | logo = }} '''Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila''' '''(PLM)''', or the '''University of the City of Manila''', is a [[university]] in the city of [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]. It is funded by the [[municipal government|government]] of the city<ref name="soaring_high">"[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/education-systems-institutions/510966-1.html Soaring high and leaving footprints in pursuit of a legend in quality higher education]". ''Manila Bulletin''. June 18, 2004.</ref><ref name="city-funded">Pascual, Federico Jr. D."[http://www.manilamail.com/archive/feb2004/04feb05.htm Roco backed out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104221806/http://www.manilamail.com/archive/feb2004/04feb05.htm |date=2006-11-04 }}". ''The Philippine Star''. February 04, 2005.</ref><ref name="plm_miguel">Miguel, Marlon G. "[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/education-systems-institutions/510923-1.html Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila celebrates 39th founding anniversary]." ''Manila Bulletin''. June 18, 2004.</ref><ref name="plm39">"[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/education-systems-institutions/509902-1.html Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila 39th Anniversary]". ''Manila Bulletin''. June 19, 2004.</ref> and it does not have any tuition fees.<ref name="plm_miguel"/><ref name="plm39"/> It is in the district of [[Intramuros]] in [[Manila]], the [[Philippines]]. It was established on June 19, 1965 and opened on July 17, 1967 to 556 scholars, all coming from the top 10% of graduates of Manila's public high schools.<ref name="plm_miguel"/><ref name="plm39"/><ref name="hollowed_ground">Linda, Bolido.[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/learning/view/20081229-180539/On-hallowed-ground On hallowed ground] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090920231913/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/learning/view/20081229-180539/On-hallowed-ground |date=2009-09-20 }}. "The Philippine Daily Inquirer". December 29, 2008.</ref><ref name="chan">"[http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4196.html Republic Act 4196]". ''Philippine Laws, Statutes and Codes'' - Chan Robles Virtual Library. Accessed March 05, 2009.</ref> PLM holds the distinction of being the first [[institution]] of [[Higher Learning|higher learning]] in the country and perhaps in [[Asia]] to offer tuition-free tertiary education; the first university funded solely by a city government; and the first institution of higher learning in the country to have its official name in [[Filipino language|Filipino]].<ref name="plm_miguel"/><ref name="plm08">"[http://www.eskwelahan.net/news/?p=3116 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila]". Eskwelahan, Philippine Schools Online. September 08, 2008.</ref><ref name="plm40">"[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/education-systems-institutions/458918-1.html Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila: 40 years of providing quality tertiary education.]" ''Manila Bulletin''. July 17, 2005.</ref><ref name="plm41">"[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/education-systems-institutions/233078-1.html Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila 41st Anniversary]". ''Manila Bulletin''. June 19, 2006.</ref><ref name="first">Maghirang, Tony."[http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/sim/sim/view_article.php?article_id=73007 First! Best! Most!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922012614/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/sim/sim/view_article.php?article_id=73007 |date=2010-09-22 }}". June 24, 2007.</ref><ref name="geocities">"[http://www.geocities.com/llinco/plm.html Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025162805/http://geocities.com/llinco/plm.html |date=2009-10-25 }}". ''Geocities''. Accessed March 06, 2009.</ref><ref name="plm35">"[http://www.articlearchives.com/government-public-administration/government-bodies/166852-1.html PLM 35th year observed]. ''Manila Bulletin''. June 20, 2000.</ref><ref name="trivia">Bonabente, Cyril. "[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view_article.php?article_id=72669 Did you know?]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". ''The Philippine Daily Inquirer''. June 22, 2007.</ref> Total enrolment has grown to an average of 11,000 a year.<ref name="plm08"/> The lone college has grown to 12 colleges, five graduate, two professional schools, and a score of research and specialized centers, including a [[teaching hospital]], an enterpreneurial center, and an [[PLM Mabuhay Integrated Learning Center|integrated learning center for toddlers]].<ref name="hollowed_ground"/><ref name="plm08"/> It maintains a comprehensive [[PLM District Colleges|distance education]] and [[open university]] program for thousands of [[community health workers]] and [[public administrators]] in nationwide with affiliations and recognition from various national and international organizations and institutions.<ref name="plm39"/><ref name="plm08"/><ref name="plm40"/> There are 53 single-degree [[Baccalaureate|baccalaureate programs]] and 49 [[Master's degree|masters]], [[doctoral]], and [[graduate]] diploma offerings that lead to degrees in [[Accounting|accountancy]], [[economics]], [[architecture]], business administration, [[Computer science|computer studies]], [[education]], [[engineering]], [[law]], mass communication, [[mathematics]], [[medicine]], [[nursing]], [[physical education]], [[physical therapy]], [[psychology]], [[Science|sciences]], [[social work]], [[tourism]], [[management]], and public governance.<ref name="plm08"/> According to the Philippines' [[Commission on Higher Education (Philippines)|Commission on Higher Education]], it is a model university for all public institutions across the country, one of the centers of excellence in the City of Manila, and the fifth among all universities nationwide based on the number of examinees passing the [[Professional Regulation Commission]] test.<ref name="soaring_high"/><ref name="plm_miguel"/><ref name="plm08"/><ref name="plm41"/><ref name="initial_measures">"[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/students-student-life/523006-1.html Manila committee on use of English in schools reveals initial measures]". ''Manila Bulletin''. July 19, 2004.</ref> == Academics and administration == As a university with its own charter, PLM enjoys certain level of autonomy. It is governed by the Board of Regents and administered by a [[President of the University of the City of Manila|President]].<ref name="chan"/><ref name="admin">"[http://www.thepamantasan.com/page31.php PLM Administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403025448/http://www.thepamantasan.com/page31.php |date=2009-04-03 }}". ''The Pamantasan''. Accessed March 05, 2009.</ref> The Board of Regents<ref name="chan"/><ref name="admin"/> has the authority to grant [[Diploma|diplomas]], [[Certificate|certificates]] and titles to students who have completed their academic programs and validate graduation of students.<ref name="ap_02">Villarosa, Maria Cecilia D. "Pangilinan Authors PLM Charter Amendments." ''Ang Pamantasan, Vol. XII, No. 08''. March 21, 2002.</ref> The six-member Board is composed of the President of the PLM, a representative of the PLM faculty, a distinguished [[Alumni|alumnus]], a respected educator, and one other respected professional, and the Superintendent of the [[Division of City Schools-Manila]]. Each member serves a six-year tenure of office. The President oversees the implementation of the university policies.<ref name="chan"/><ref name="admin"/><ref name="plm_president">"[http://www.thepamantasan.com/page33.php University President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409124407/http://www.thepamantasan.com/page33.php |date=2009-04-09 }}". ''The Pamantasan''. Accessed March 07, 2009.</ref> Immediately under the President are the four Vice-Presidents - Executive Vice President, Vice President for Academic Affairs, Vice President for Administration, and Vice President for Finance and Planning.<ref name="admin"/> [[File:View from Manila hotel.jpg|thumb|220px|left|The PLM campus at Intramuros as seen from the world-famous Manila Hotel.]] The University is organized into twelve undergraduate colleges, two professional schools, seven graduate schools, and an open university and distance learning program,<ref name="plm08"/><ref name="owl">"[http://www.owli.org/oer/node/619 Texting and Open Universities] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20110727160705/http://www.owli.org/oer/node/619 |date=2011-07-27 }}". ''Owl Institute Open Educational Resources''. Accessed February 19, 2009.</ref> which are all being supervised by the Executive Vice President. <ref name="plm08"/> The twelve undergraduate colleges are the [[PLM College of Accountancy & Economics|College of Accountancy & Economics]], [[PLM College of Architecture & Urban Planning|College of Architecture & Urban Planning]], [[PLM College of Engineering & Technology|College of Engineering & Technology]], [[PLM College of Human Development|College of Human Development]], [[PLM College of Liberal Arts|College of Liberal Arts]], [[PLM College of Management & Entrepreneurship|College of Management & Entrepreneurship]], [[PLM College of Mass Communication|College of Mass Communication]], [[PLM College of Nursing|College of Nursing]], [[PLM College of Physical Education, Recreation & Sports|College of Physical Education, Recreation & Sports]], [[PLM College of Physical Therapy|College of Physical Therapy]], [[PLM College of Science|College of Science]], and [[PLM College of Tourism, Hotel & Travel Industry Management|College of Tourism, Hotel & Travel Industry Management]]. The two professional schools are the [[PLM College of Law|College of Law]] and the [[PLM College of Medicine|College of Medicine]]. The seven graduate schools include [[PLM Graduate School of Arts, Sciences and Education|Graduate School of Arts, Sciences & Education]], [[PLM Graduate School of Health Sciences|Graduate School of Health Sciences]], [[PLM Graduate School of Engineering|Graduate School of Engineering]], [[PLM Graduate School of Law|Graduate School of Law]], [[PLM Graduate School of Management|Graduate School of Management]], [[PLM Graduate School of Urban & Settlements Planning|Graduate School of Urban & Settlements Planning]], and the [[President Ramon Magsaysay School of Public Governance]]. The university's open university and distance learning program<ref name="plm_miguel"/><ref name="plm08"/> is served through the [[PLM Emeritus College|Emeritus College]], [[PLM Open University|Open University]],<ref name="owl"/> and the [[PLM District Colleges|District Colleges]]. PLM is the tenth largest university in [[Metro Manila]] with a total student enrollment of 13,711 (as of January 20, 2006).<ref name="enrollment06">[http://www.infomaninc.com/philippineschool/philippineschoolrank.htm Philippine school rank in terms of student population]. ''Information Manager, Inc.'' Accessed February 19, 2009.</ref> For the undergraduate class of 2011, PLM received 40,000 college applications, and accepted 3% of them.<ref name="admission_test">"[http://www.thepamantasan.com/page25.php PLM Admission Test] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403054248/http://www.thepamantasan.com/page25.php |date=2009-04-03 }}". Accessed March 05, 2009.</ref> PLM's endowment in 2008 was valued at [[PhP]] 500 million,<ref name="hollowed_ground"/> excluding the funding allotted for its teaching hospital, [[Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center]], of about [[PhP]] 250 million.<ref name="ommc_budget">"[http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/apr/15/yehey/metro/20070415met6.html Atienza says Health Services Remain Priority of City Hall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070415010101/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/apr/15/yehey/metro/20070415met6.html |date=2007-04-15 }}". ''The Manila Times''. March 04, 2007.</ref> The University spends about four to fives times the national average for education.<ref name="lobbyist">{{cite web | url = http://www.thelobbyist.biz/psketch_detail.php?id_article=710&id_category=37 | title = Adel Tamano's Bright Star | access-date = 2008-07-25 | author = Dela Peña, Shiela and San Juan, Jayson Edward | date = 2008-03-27 | publisher = The Lobbyist | quote = I was asked by a reporter during my investiture, "How are you going to address that problem of lack funds of PLM?" I answered, "I dispute that, PLM has so much money. If you do not steal the money of this University, there’s so much money." I’ll give you another example. Here at PLM, we’re doing quite well. Our passing rate for example in Medicine in February 2007 is 100 percent. Our PRC rating in Accountancy is number two. Architecture, number two. Nursing number, three. Now, we’re doing well because Manila is spending a lot of money for the PLM students. It’s a tuition-free institution. Manila spends about four to five times the national average per student here. And that’s why we’re doing well. PLM should be like a showcase. That’s if the money is handled properly. }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:PLM BOR pics.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Members of the PLM Administration with Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim and US Ambassador Kristie Kenney, 2008.]] PLM utilizes a semester-based [[modular]] system for conducting courses,<ref name="starpost_011">Barrios, Dr. Romeo M. and Nuñez, Dr. Domingo B. "Improving College Teaching via Modules". ''Pamantasan StarPost, Vol. III, No. 2''. September 2002.</ref> adopts features of the American system ([[Credit (education)|credits]]), and employs the [[General Weighted Average]] system and a [[Academic grading in Philippines#Grade point scale (5.00 - 1.00)|1.00 to 5.00 grading scale]], with 1.00 being the highest possible grade for a particular undergraduate course. The calendar used by PLM consists of two regular semesters of about 15 to 16 weeks each, and semestral breaks of about three to four weeks each. The university requires a minimum of twelve units to be considered a full-time student, with the maximum being twenty units. === Reputation === {{Quote box | width=30% | align=left | quote="It is not easy to hurdle the ''culture of excellence'' that is the culture of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila" | source=— Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 2003<ref name="op_gov_01"/>}} The late President, [[Diosdado Macapagal]], who himself visited the University, said that PLM is "a unique university because it is the first community-oriented and socially conscious university in the country." He added that, "it gives poor but deserving public high school graduates of the community the means to acquire higher education." Moreover, he recognized PLM's emerging status as "one of the top universities in the country."<ref name="pamantasan_rites">Atencio, Joel C."[http://www.articlearchives.com/education-training/education-systems-institutions/95984-1.html Arroyo leads Pamantasan rites today]". ''Manila Bulletin''. November 07, 2001.</ref> Her daughter, President, [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] said PLM had a "culture of excellence,"<ref name="plm41"/> and commended the university for what she had believed as its "impressive" accomplishments in various fields.<ref name="op_gov_01">{{cite web | url = http://www.op.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13720&Itemid=2 | title = GMA cites 'culture of excellence' at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila | access-date = 2006-09-27 | date = 2003-04-12 | publisher = Office of the President, Republic of the Philippines | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090425140642/http://www.op.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13720&Itemid=2 | archive-date = 2009-04-25 | quote = the President said that because of its ''culture of excellence'', it is not easy for a student to go through college at the PLM. She said that only those who have excelled in high school are accepted at the Pamantasan, a university funded by the Manila city government. | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="op_gov_02">"[http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=2818 GMA cites 'culture of excellence' at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425004534/http://www.gov.ph/news/default.asp?i=2818 |date=2009-04-25 }}". ''The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines''. April 12, 2003.</ref> The country's leading newspaper, The [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]], described PLM as a local university with a national character and reputation.<ref name="maranao">{{cite web | url = http://www.maranao.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=170&Itemid=33 | title = Investing in Education - The Gateway to National Development | access-date = 2008-08-05 | author = Tamano, Adel A. | year = 2007 | publisher = Maranao Online }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> US Ambassador [[Kristie Kenney]], in her speech during the 40th Commencement Exercises at the PLM Grandstand, praised PLM for building a "culture of commitment to public service in its students, faculty and alumni."<ref name="embassy">{{cite web | url = http://manila.usembassy.gov/wwwhs392.html | title = Ambassador Kristie A. Kenney's Graduation Address to Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) 40th Commencement Exercises | access-date = 2008-08-05 | author = Kenney, Kristie A. | date = 2008-03-29 | publisher = Manila US Embassy Official Website | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080705124406/http://manila.usembassy.gov/wwwhs392.html | archive-date = 2008-07-05 | quote = Thanks to President Adel A. Tamano for his leadership and vision in making Pamantasan one of the top universities in the country... I congratulate Pamantasan for building a culture of commitment to public service in its students, faculty and alumni. | url-status = dead }}</ref> In an article in the [http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/0815&162008/index.html Business Mirror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004124938/http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/0815%26162008/index.html |date=2009-10-04 }} , PLM was considered as the "highest symbol of Manila’s public educational system which radiates another form of power and influence."<ref name="bizmirror">{{cite web | url = http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/06262008/perspective01.html | title = Manila: Heartland of Bangsamoro | access-date = 2008-08-16 | author = Osorio, Emmanuel Libre | date = 2008-06-26 | publisher = Business Mirror Vol. III, No. 189 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080701153423/http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/06262008/perspective01.html | archive-date = 2008-07-01 | quote = The university, of course, is not the seat of political power; that rests in City Hall, just outside Intramuros. The university is the highest symbol of Manila’s public educational system which radiates another form of power and influence. In this wise, it would be best if the mayor allows the university president to take a leave of absence as spokesman of the opposition so he could lead the institution to new heights of excellence. | url-status = dead }}</ref> Websites such as [http://www.manilaboard.com/manila-education.php Manila Board]{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} say that PLM is one of leading and prime public universities in the country today.<ref>"[http://www.manilaboard.com/manila-education.php Manila Board: Manila Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402124507/http://www.manilaboard.com/manila-education.php |date=2009-04-02 }}". ''Manila Board''. Accessed January 19, 2009.</ref> On August 13, 2008, [[Adel Tamano|Adel A. Tamano]], in his column at the ''[[The Manila Times|Manila Times]]'' wrote that PLM is "a unique learning institution" and is "essentially an ''honors school'' where only the students from lower income families with excellent scholastic records are admitted."<ref name="mto_01b">{{cite web | url = http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/aug/13/yehey/opinion/20070813opi5.html | title = Minority Report: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila | access-date = 2007-08-13 | author = Tamano, Adel A. | date = 2007-08-13 | publisher = Manila Times | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191100/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2007/aug/13/yehey/opinion/20070813opi5.html | archive-date = 2007-10-16 | quote = Last Thursday, I was appointed by the Board of Regents of PLM as University President. PLM is a unique learning institution. With over ten thousand students, faculty, and staff, the challenge of running the university might seem daunting. But its uniqueness, that it is essentially an honors school where only the students from lower income families with excellent scholastic records are admitted, appeals to my sense of leadership and education so much that any doubts or worries that I might have are overcome. | url-status = dead }}</ref> PLM is not a perfect institution, and the university had been criticized in the past for the 'reconsideration' cases, wherein some students who failed to meet the university’s standards for retention were readmitted because of their so-called 'backers'. In order to resolve this issue, the city government has insulated the University from [[political pressure]] so as not to compromise its status as one of the country's leading educational institutions.[1] [2] == History == === Geographical History === [[File:PLM GPA.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Gusaling Don Pepe Atienza (Don Pepe Atienza Hall), the PLM graduate school building.]] The site of the PLM campus at [[Intramuros]] used to be occupied by the '''Colegio de Manila''' (also known as Colegio Seminario de San Ignacio), which was founded in 1590 by Fr. [[Antonio Sedeño]], S.J.<ref name="rcruz">Cruz, Roman Jr. A. "The Ateneo Story." ''Aegis.'' 1959.</ref><ref name="admufirst100">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ateneo.edu/index.php?p=348 |title=The First 100 Years of the Ateneo de Manila |access-date=2009-03-09 |archive-date=2012-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915093428/http://ateneo.edu/index.php?p=348 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Colegio de Manila formally opened in 1595, and was the first school in the Philippines.<ref name="geocities"/><ref name="pamantasan_geography">"[http://www.thepamantasan.com/page9.php Geographical History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080714060853/http://www.thepamantasan.com/page9.php |date=2008-07-14 }}". ''The Pamantasan''. Accessed March 06, 2009.</ref><ref name="aegisgeneral">The Ateneo Aegis (Official Yearbook)</ref> Aside from Colegio de Manila, there were other structures that were built in the site.<ref name="pamantasan_geography"/><ref name="Intramuros">[http://www.intramuros.vweb.ph/plm.htm Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila]. ''The Intramuros website''. Accessed February 19, 2009.</ref> Iglesia de Santa Ana, the first stone church in the Philippines, was built in 1590 and opened in 1596. However, an [[earthquake]] destroyed it, and another church was built in honor of St. [[Ignatius of Loyola]] in 1626.<ref name="pamantasan_geography"/> In 1601, the Colegio de San José was set up as an annex of Colegio Seminario de San Ignacio.<ref name="geocities"/> Twenty years later, [[Pope Gregory XV]], through the Archbishop of Manila, authorized the Colegio Seminario de San Ignacio to confer degrees in theology and arts and elevated it into a university.<ref name="pamantasan_geography"/><ref name="hdlc2">Horacio de la Costa, S.J. ''The Jesuits in the Philippines.''</ref> In 1623, [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] of Spain confirmed the authorization, making the school both a pontifical and a royal university, and the very first university in the Philippines and in Asia.<ref name="ateneo">Roman A. Cruz, Jr. "The Ateneo Story." ''Aegis.'' 1959</ref><ref name="hdlc2" /><ref name="arcilla">{{cite book| last = Arcilla| first = Jose S.| title = Rizal and the emergence of the Philippine nation| year = 1991| isbn = 978-971-550-020-3 }}</ref><ref name="agoncillo">{{cite book| last = Agoncillo| first = Teodoro A.| title = History of the Filipino People| url = https://archive.org/details/historyoffilipin00teod| year = 1990| isbn = 978-971-8711-06-4 }}</ref><ref name="hdlc1">Horacio de la Costa, S.J. ''Light Cavalry.''</ref> In 1722, the Colegio de San José was granted ''royal patronage''.<ref name="hdlc2"/> In 1768, the [[Jesuits]] surrendered the '''Universidad Maximo de San Ignacio''' to the Spanish authorities after their suppression and expulsion from Spain and its territories.<ref name="geocities"/><ref name="rcruz"/><ref name="admufirst100"/><ref name="pamantasan_geography"/><ref name="hdlc2"/> Later, the Universidad Maximo de San Ignacio was placed under secular administration and converted into a [[seminary]] and a [[liberal arts college]]. In 1773, [[Pope Clement XIV]] formally declared the dissolution of the [[Society of Jesus]]. In 1895, the Universidad Maximo de San Ignacio merged with the Faculty of Medicine and [[Pharmacy]] of the [[University of Santo Tomas]]. The Colegio de San José is now the San José Major Seminary at the [[Ateneo de Manila University]]. The buildings of what was the Universidad Maximo de San Ignacio were transformed into military headquarters called Cuartel del Rey, which eventually became known as Cuartel de España. [[Jose Rizal|José Rizal]] was placed on trial for [[sedition]] here on December 26, 1896.<ref name="hollowed_ground"/><ref name="geocities"/><ref name="pamantasan_geography"/> During the American occupation, part of the barracks was razed, and a gymnasium was built on it. In early 1930s, one of first games of the [[NCAA]] was played in the 31st Infantry Quonset Gym.<ref name="mst_ncaa">{{cite news | url = http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=sports4_june23_2007 | title = A Game of Pride | access-date = 2007-08-26 | author = Atencio, Peter | date = 2007-06-23 | newspaper = Manila Standard Today }}</ref> The buildings and the whole premises served as military headquarters for the 31st Infantry of the [[United States Army]] until 1941.<ref name="geocities"/> During [[World War II]], General [[Douglas MacArthur|Douglas McArthur]] held command post here, but the entire area was later destroyed by the ongoing military conflict.<ref name="pamantasan_geography"/><ref name="manilahigh">[http://www.manilahighschool.com/mhsmain/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1 Manila High School History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123184650/http://www.manilahighschool.com/mhsmain/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=1 |date=2009-01-23 }}. ''Manila High School Alumni Portal''. Accessed February 19, 2009.</ref> In early 1960s, the site was rehabilitated by the city government and a building was constructed at General Luna Street to house the students of Manila High School. On April 24, 1965, [[President]] [[Diosdado Macapagal]] issued Proclamation 392-A, giving to the proposed city university the three-hectare lot being occupied by Manila High School.<ref name="pamantasan_rites"/><ref name="pamantasan_geography"/> On February 26, 1967, the new complex along Victoria Street was opened, and the students of Manila High School were transferred there. On July 17, 1967, the first group of PLM scholars began studying on the site where the modern educational system in the Philippines started.<ref name="maranao"/> === Founding === The call to open a university run by the city government of Manila began during the term of [[Mayor]] [[Arsenio H. Lacson]] when Ordinance No. 4202 was approved by the City councilors on January 13, 1960. The ordinance allotted a total of [[Peso|PhP]] 1,000,000 for the construction of the university. Mayor Lacson did not however live to see the realization of this project as he died suddenly of heart attack.<ref name="plm42">Goco, Raul Ilustre. "[http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=5651&publicationSubCategoryId=64 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila: 42 years of existence] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120910013030/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=5651&publicationSubCategoryId=64 |date=2012-09-10 }}". ''The Philippine Star''. July 14, 2007.</ref> Vice Mayor [[Antonio Villegas]] took over and continued Lacson's plan. He later issued Executive Order No. 7, s-1963 that created the committee that would draw up the plan of founding a university.<ref name="plm42"/> He sought the help of Congressman [[Justo R. Albert]], representative of the City's fourth congressional district. Congressman Albert then sponsored House Bill No. 8349 at the Philippines' House of Representatives. The Senate version of the bill was authored by Senators [[Gil Puyat]] and Camilo Osias. The two bills were eventually combined into one, and it was discussed during the Fourth Session of the Fifth [[Congress of the Philippines]] on January 25, 1965. The final bill was later passed by the joint Congress. On June 19, 1965, the final bill with the title - "An Act Authorizing the City of Manila to Establish and Operate the University of the City of Manila and for Other Purposes" - was signed into law by President Diosdado P. Macapacal in a signing ceremony at [[Malacañang Palace]]. The law was captioned as Republic Act No. 4196, which now serves as the University Charter.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} === Early years === With an enrollment of 556 students—both men and women—PLM opened for classes on July 17, 1967. All of them were housed under the University College, which offered liberal arts courses. After a year, a Graduate Institute for Teachers was founded, and it was followed by the Institute of Extramural Studies. At the turn of the decade, the school had expanded its offerings to include degree programs leading to specializations in communication, engineering, education, business administration, nursing. == Footnotes == {{commons|University of the City of Manila}} {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:University of the City of Manila]] [[Category:Colleges and universities in Manila]] kn343hse79b1skugqqfwsznm6pe8tfp 0 167782 10882891 10856890 2026-06-10T03:31:25Z Advvare Online 1819400 /* Related pages */ 10882891 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[medicine]], a '''chronic''' disease (also called '''chronic illness''', '''chronic condition''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=MeSH Browser|url=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002908|access-date=2026-04-05|website=meshb.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> is one that takes a long time to [[heal]] (or go away), or one that is [[recurrent]] (comes again). Many chronic diseases need special [[treatment]], as this has to be done for a long time. A chronic disease can even last for a lifetime. ==Related pages== *[[Acute (medicine)]] *[[Chronic Anxiety (medicine)]] == References == {{reflist}} {{med-stub}} [[Category:Medicine]] 9b6f9v68g48jqqi2cql3z99ufckx4m4 10882900 10882891 2026-06-10T03:37:21Z Advvare Online 1819400 /* Related pages */ 10882900 wikitext text/x-wiki In [[medicine]], a '''chronic''' disease (also called '''chronic illness''', '''chronic condition''')<ref>{{Cite web|title=MeSH Browser|url=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002908|access-date=2026-04-05|website=meshb.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> is one that takes a long time to [[heal]] (or go away), or one that is [[recurrent]] (comes again). Many chronic diseases need special [[treatment]], as this has to be done for a long time. A chronic disease can even last for a lifetime. ==Related pages== *[[Acute (medicine)]] *[[Chronic Anxiety (medicine)]] == References == {{reflist}} 2. https://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/F01-F99/F40-F48/F41-/F41.9 3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7960170/ {{med-stub}} [[Category:Medicine]] tdneq2xekfvme3t78t2lnu3y5u71fvg 0 171289 10882625 10654652 2026-06-09T20:38:23Z ~2026-34238-37 1819299 /* */ By maroccan citizen 10882625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox national football team | Name = Morocco | Badge = | Badge_size = 140px | Nickname = {{lang|ar|أُسُود الأطلس}} / izmaouin n Atlas<br/>(Atlas Lions) | Association = {{nowrap|''{{lang|fr|[[Royal Moroccan Football Federation|Fédération royale marocaine de football]]}}'' (FRMF)}} | Sub-confederation = [[Union of North African Football Federations|UNAF]] (North Africa) | Confederation = [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] (Africa) | Coach = ouahbi mohamed | Captain = [[Achraf Hakimi]] | Most caps = [[Abdelmajid Dolmy]] (140) | Top scorer = [[Ahmed Faras]] (42) | Home Stadium = [[#Home stadium|prince moulai abdellah]] | FIFA Trigramme = MAR | FIFA Rank = {{FIFA World Rankings|MAR}} | FIFA max = 10 | FIFA max date = April 1998 | FIFA min = 95 | FIFA min date = September 2010 | Elo Rank = {{World Football Elo Ratings|Morocco}} | Elo max = 17 | Elo max date = December 1998 | Elo min = 81 | Elo min date = May 2013 | pattern_la1 = _whiteborder | pattern_b1 = _marok18h | pattern_ra1 = _whiteborder | pattern_sh1 = _marok18h | pattern_so1 = _3_stripes_white | leftarm1 = D50414 | body1 = D50414 | rightarm1 = D50414 | shorts1 = 117957 | socks1 = D50414 | pattern_la2 = | pattern_b2 = _marok18a | pattern_ra2 = | pattern_sh2 = _marok18a | pattern_so2 = _marok18a | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = FFFFFF | First game = {{fb|MAR}} 3–3 {{fb-rt|IRQ|1924}}<br>([[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]; 19 October 1957) | Largest win = {{fb|MAR}} 13–1 {{fb-rt|KSA|1938}}<br>([[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]]; 6 September 1961) | Largest loss = {{fb|HUN}} [[Football at the 1964 Summer Olympics#Group B|6–0]] {{fb-rt|MAR}}<br>([[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]; 11 October 1964) | World cup apps = 5 | World cup first = 1970 | World cup best = Fourth place (2022) | Regional name = [[Africa Cup of Nations]] | Regional cup apps = 17 | Regional cup first = [[1972 African Cup of Nations|1972]] | Regional cup best = Champions ([[1976 African Cup of Nations|1976]]) | 2ndRegional name = [[African Nations Championship]] | 2ndRegional cup apps = 3 | 2ndRegional cup first= [[2014 African Nations Championship|2014]] | 2ndRegional cup best = Champions ([[2018 African Nations Championship|2018]]) }} '''Morocco national football team''' is the national [[football (soccer)|football]] team of [[Morocco]].<ref>[https://en.yabiladi.com/articles/details/75314/according-herve-renard-atlas-lions.html According to Hervé Renard, the Atlas Lions «can be competitive against» Argentina]</ref> They achieved fourth place at the [[2022 FIFA World Cup]]. [[File:Iran-Morocco by soccer.ru 14.jpg|thumb|Morocco's team vs [[Iran national football team|Iran]] at the [[2018 FIFA World Cup]].]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=mar/ FIFA Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001024/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=mar/ |date=2018-06-20 }} * [http://www.frmf.ma/ Morocco national football team website] {{National sports teams of Morocco}} [[Category:African national football teams]] [[Category:Football in Morocco]] [[Category:National sports teams of Morocco]] {{Sport-stub}} 60deirm78xye9nu3ymqshayjrvvgwwo 0 181229 10882623 10740590 2026-06-09T20:33:46Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward "Eddie" S. Fatu'''<ref name="slambio">{{cite web|title=Umaga Bio|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/umaga.html|publisher=[[Canadian Online Explorer|SLAM! Sports]]|accessdate=2007-07-30|archive-date=2012-07-14|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714090846/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/umaga.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> (March 28, 1973 - December 4 2009) was a [[Samoa]]n [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] best known for working with the [[WWE|WWF/WWE]] under the [[ring name]]s '''Jamal''', '''Ekmo''', and '''Umaga'''. He worked closely with [[Matt Anoaʻi]] of the Anoa'i wrestling family which he was also a part of. With Anoaʻi, they formed the tag teams The Island Boyz, the Samoan Gangstas, and 3-Minute Warning. He also wrestled for [[All Japan Pro Wrestling]] and wrestled a short time in [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling|TNA Wrestling]] from 2003 to 2004. Eddie Fatu died on December 4, 2009 of a heart attack. The official cause of his death was from acute toxicity from the combined effects of [[hydrocodone]], [[carisoprodol]], and [[diazepam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=ys-wrestlerdeath120509&prov=yhoo&type=lgns|title=Wrestler Eki “Umaga” Fatu dies|accessdate=2009-12-05|archive-date=2009-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208024123/http://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=ys-wrestlerdeath120509&prov=yhoo&type=lgns|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestling.net/artman/publish/WWE/article10010561.shtml|title=WWE News: Eddie "Umaga" Fatu cause of death information released|accessdate=2012-12-30}}</ref> == Championships and accomplishments == <!-- Remove picture to eliminate mass of whitespace -- [[Image:Umaga-Intercontinental-Champion.jpg|thumb|right|Umaga as the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Champion]]]]--> * '''[[World Wrestling Entertainment]] ** [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] ([[List of WWE Intercontinental Champions|2 times]])<ref name="WT-IC">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wwf/ic.html|title=WWF/WWE Intercontinental Heavyweight Title|accessdate=2007-08-04|publisher= Wrestling-Titles }}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|2}} == Other websites == {{commonscat}} * {{WWE superstar|umaga}} * [http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/u/umaga.html Eddie Fatu (Umaga) at Online World of Wrestling] * {{imdb name|1242655|Eddie Fatu}} * {{tv.com person|id=457437|name=Eddie Fatu}} {{US-sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fatu, Eddie}} [[Category:1973 births]] [[Category:2009 deaths]] [[Category:American professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Drug-related deaths]] [[Category:Former WWE wrestlers]] ffo3hv1md0zrr6u3iaxhbpeo7453dmx 10 182482 10882832 10882001 2026-06-10T01:33:20Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10882832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=34591 |ed=37397 |created=3 |deleted=14824 |revdel=129 |eventdel=14 |restored=86 |blocked=1773 |protected=282 |unprotected=16 |rights=260 |reblock=134 |unblock=16 |modify=44 |filter=88 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=78 |import=509 |style={{{style|}}}}} olhwymsixx6iogs8pm0hug87l2c9ugu 0 187632 10882301 10674741 2026-06-09T13:13:15Z Rebeltronic 1558358 updated latest conference 10882301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event | image = Apple WWDC wordmark 2024.svg | imagesize = | caption = | first = {{start date|1987}} | last = {{start and end dates|2026|06|08|2026|06|12}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple kicks off Worldwide Developers Conference on June 8 |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2026/05/apple-kicks-off-worldwide-developers-conference-on-june-8/ |website=Apple Newsroom |date=18 May 2026 |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> | prev = {{start and end dates|2025|06|09|2025|06|13}}<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ashworth|first=Boone|title=Everything Apple Announced at WWDC|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/everything-apple-announced-wwdc-2024/|access-date=2025-05-03|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> | next = June 2027 | frequency = Annually | venue = 2017-2019: [[San Jose Convention Center]] 2020-2021: pre-recorded in [[Apple Park]] with confidence online 2022-: pre-recorded in [[Apple Park]] with confidence online and in-person | location = 2017-2019: [[San Jose, California]] 2020-2021: [[Cupertino, California]] with digital confidence 2022-: [[Cupertino, California]] with in-person and digital confidence | country = [[United States]] | attendance = 9,000 (2019) | area = Worldwide | footnotes = | organized = [[Apple Inc.]] | website = {{URL|https://developer.apple.com/wwdc/}} }} The '''Apple Worldwide Developers Conference''' ('''WWDC''', also called "dub-dub")<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/apples-developers-conference-best-worst-and-120788821689.html|title=Apple's Developers Conference: Best, Worst, and Weirdest Moments|last=Tynan|first=Dan|date=June 5, 2015|work=Yahoo Tech|access-date=2017-06-03|language=en-US}}</ref> is an [[event]] held every year for [[software developer]]s who create [[software]] for [[macOS]] and [[iOS]]. The first WWDC took place in 1987. After 13 years of being held in early June in [[San Francisco, California]], WWDC returned to [[San Jose, California]] in 2017. Sometimes new [[Product (consumer goods)|product]]s are [[announcement|announced]] at the [[conference]]. Since 2020, WWDC has been an online-only event for the first time due to [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-13|title=WWDC 2020 to be online-only due to coronavirus, with possible focus on Mac|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/apple-confirms-wwdc-date-and-event-will-be-online-only/|access-date=2025-05-03|website=Digital Trends|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Heater|first=Brian|date=2020-06-24|title=Apple’s first virtual WWDC keynote set a new standard for remote presentations|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/24/apples-first-virtual-wwdc-keynote-set-a-new-standard-for-remote-presentations/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACCXiUwvfkdJOR1_Hum1d8k_2eqWTQ_rzyxfFxZ2ibvG1nFH6ZMzjgajo56PWb1bLSo8p_jJyhxaBvRmkaizBx-tN1kPchCCLCWG8Xwl2hKsCKF2TIWDxTDc6zqTVcGFjBuw3-efX3naBEgBC7bGqa4FS9rxNSX9V2rywmSUsXIg|access-date=2025-05-03|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Metz|first=Rachel|date=2020-06-23|title=How Apple put on a big virtual tech conference during a pandemic {{!}} CNN Business|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/23/tech/apple-wwdc-face-masks/index.html|access-date=2025-05-02|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> However, since 2023 people can enter an in-person event at [[Apple Park]] during WWDC.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WWDC23 Apple Park Special Event|url=https://developer.apple.com/wwdc23/special-event/|access-date=2023-05-17|website=Apple Developer|language=en}}</ref> WWDC currently focus on operating systems such as [[iOS]], [[iPadOS]], [[WatchOS]], audioOS, [[tvOS]], [[visionOS]] and [[MacOS]]. == Attendance == [[File:In line for the Keynote (3608785470).jpg|thumb|People wait to enter the WWDC keynote conference in 2009.]] Attendees must be 13 years old or older and member of an Apple Developer program, also, ticket is required to enter the conference. In 2018, WWDC has 6,000 attendees during WWDC18. In 2019, WWDC has 9,000 attendees during WWDC19. In 2020, WWDC no longer have in-person attendance due to [[COVID-19]] pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Leswing|first=Kif|date=2020-03-13|title=Apple moves WWDC developers conference online due to coronavirus|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/13/apple-wwdc-moved-to-online-only-cancels-in-person-event.html|access-date=2025-05-03|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} *{{Official website}} [[Category:Apple Inc.]] [[Category:San Francisco]] [[Category:June events]] [[Category:1987 establishments in California]] {{tech-stub}} n8lkeu9y2yq1m2zn1cq97q2m3grm3tw 4 189924 10882369 10881739 2026-06-09T14:40:16Z Ferien 1011873 move, cut to 5 10882369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD|WP:VFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Fudanashi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Aal-e-Nafees}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Aal-e-Ameer}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Mighty Cuphead Adventure}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/NITron}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/RDS Group}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Cartoon Network Films & Entertainment}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/The Adventures of Berry & Bitty}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Mansoor Hussain Laghari}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Ten-Ten Muñoz}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Eleonora, Princess of Ligne}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Diddler}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/India naming dispute}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Jones Kyazze}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Wikitólica}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Leader of the Opposition (Hungary)}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line -> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] l8zd31bqgfgz17gnvarmbm6esque6ln 10882881 10882369 2026-06-10T03:18:36Z Garsh2 1475106 Adding [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{policy shortcut|WP:AFD|WP:RFD|WP:XFD|WP:VFD}} {{Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/header}} == Current deletion request discussions== <!-- Add new entries to the TOP of the following list --> {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Fudanashi}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Aal-e-Nafees}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Aal-e-Ameer}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Mighty Cuphead Adventure}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/NITron}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/RDS Group}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Cartoon Network Films & Entertainment}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/The Adventures of Berry & Bitty}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Mansoor Hussain Laghari}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Ten-Ten Muñoz}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Eleonora, Princess of Ligne}} == Recently closed deletion discussions == {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Diddler}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/India naming dispute}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Jones Kyazze}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Wikitólica}} {{Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Leader of the Opposition (Hungary)}} <!-- No requests to be added below this line -> {{#ifexpr:{{PAGESINCATEGORY:Current requests for deletion}} > 0 | | {{none}} }} ==Related pages== * [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/archives|All archives before July 2008]] - implementation of new system made archives redundant * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that did not succeed]] * [[:Category:Requests for deletion that succeeded]] * [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]] * [[Wikipedia:Quick deletion]] * [[Wikipedia:Requests for undeletion]] * [[:Category:Deletion requests]] * [[:Category:Quick deletion requests]] [[Category:Wikipedia administration|{{PAGENAME}}]] itxffe9o0vwv9eo0i79wbmd2wxe55x7 0 193692 10882506 10880863 2026-06-09T18:14:09Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Turbojet operation-axial flow-en.svg|thumb|right|]] A '''turbojet''' is a kind of [[jet engine]] that works by squeezing air into a small space, mixing it with [[fuel]], and setting it on fire.<ref> A Dictionary of Aviation, David W. Wragg. {{ISBN|9780850451634}}, 1st Edition Published by Osprey, 1973 / Published by Frederick Fell, Inc., NY, 1974 (1st American Edition.)</ref><ref name=Mair77.78>W. Austyn Mair, ''Aircraft Performance'' (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 77–78</ref> The mixture of fuel and air goes out the back of the engine and pushes it forward. As it leaves the engine it spins a [[turbine]] which turns a [[gas compressor]] at the front which sucks in more air and compresses it. '''Turbofan''' engines are more complex. They are more common today because they can make more [[Power (physics)|power]], for the same amount of fuel, than a turbojet.<ref name=Mair77.78/> They also make less noise. [[Supersonic]] aircraft still use the simpler kind. == Parts == [[File:Gasturbine1หลักการ.JPG|thumb|right|]] * The air intake is the part at the front of the engine. The intake is where the air goes into the engine. * The air compressor squeezes the air to make it smaller. This makes the pressure and temperature higher. The air compressor is made out of spinning blades called rotors, and blades that do not move, called stators. * The combustion chamber is where the air is burnt. Fuel is injected by several tubes, and the fire heats up the air. * After passing the combustion chamber, the air pushes a turbine fan. This turbine fan is connected to the compressor. The air pushing on it makes the rotors of the compressor turn. * The nozzle is where the air comes out of the engine. The speed of the air is bigger than the speed at the air intake. This bigger force makes the vehicle move towards the front. * Some planes have an afterburner. The afterburner is like a combustion chamber, but is attached behind the nozzle. It has tubes which inject fuel and burns the air again. The afterburner is used in order to increase speed of the vehicle, but the use of fuel is very high. This makes it used rarely, for example on [[supersonic]] airplanes. == Related pages == * [[Gas turbine]] == References == {{commons}} {{reflist}} == Other websites == *[https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/turbojet_engine.html] *[https://slideplayer.com/slide/4179686/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304032108/https://slideplayer.com/slide/4179686/ |date=2023-03-04 }} *[https://gallery.autodesk.com/fusion360/projects/21260/turbojet-engine]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://engineering.purdue.edu/~propulsi/propulsion/jets/basics/afterburner.html] {{tech-stub}} [[Category:Aircraft engines]] 3reu0ndcfx87iowv7scsuexpyfvqiy0 0 200832 10882607 10074287 2026-06-09T20:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ulises de la Cruz | image = Asambleísta Ulises de la Cruz en la Sesión Inaugural de la Asamblea Nacional 2013-2017 (8740498725).jpg | office1 = Member of the [[National Assembly (Ecuador)|National Assembly]] for [[Carchi Province]] | term_start1 = 14 May 2013 | term_end1 = 14 May 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1974|2|8}} | birth_place = Piquiucho, [[Carchi Province|Carchi]], Ecuador | party = [[PAIS Alliance]] | spouse = | partner = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[Association football|Footballer]] (retired) * [[politician]] }} | module = {{Infobox football biography | embed = yes | header-color = lavender | position = [[Defender (association football)|Defender]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/blast-from-the-past-41-ulises-de-la-cruz-083544485.html |title=Blast from the Past 41: Ulises de la Cruz |date=16 July 2016 |access-date=11 August 2018 |last=Darling |first=Kevin |work=Yahoo |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930044914/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/blast-from-the-past-41-ulises-de-la-cruz-083544485.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |height=1.76 m |currentclub= |youthyears1= |youthclubs1= |years1=1991–1994 |clubs1=[[Sociedad Deportivo Quito|Deportivo Quito]] |caps1=86|goals1=6 |years2=1995–1997 |clubs2=[[Barcelona Sporting Club|Barcelona S.C.]] |caps2=14|goals2=0 |years3=1996 |clubs3=→ [[Sociedad Deportiva Aucas|Aucas]] (loan) |caps3=32|goals3=3 |years4=1997 |clubs4=→ [[Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito|LDU Quito]] (loan)|caps4=38|goals4=4 |years5=1998–2001 |clubs5=[[Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito|LDU Quito]] |caps5=91|goals5=16 |years6=1999 |clubs6=→ [[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Cruzeiro]] (loan) |caps6=4|goals6=0 |years7=2001 |clubs7=→ [[Barcelona Sporting Club|Barcelona S.C.]] (loan) |caps7=8|goals7=0 |years8=2001–2002 |clubs8=[[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]] |caps8=32|goals8=2 |years9=2002–2006 |clubs9=[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |caps9=89|goals9=1 |years10=2006–2008|clubs10=[[Reading F.C.|Reading]] |caps10=15|goals10=1 |years11=2009 |clubs11=[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]] |caps11=1|goals11=0 |years12=2009–2012|clubs12=[[Liga Deportiva Universitaria de Quito|LDU Quito]] |caps12=117|goals12=14 |totalcaps = 527 | totalgoals = 47 |nationalyears1=1995–2010 |nationalteam1=[[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador]] |nationalcaps1=101 |nationalgoals1=6 }} }} '''Ulises de la Cruz''' (born 8 February 1974) is an [[Ecuador]]ian [[Association football|football]] player. He has played for [[Ecuador national football team|Ecuador national team]]. ==Statistics== ===Club career statistics=== <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/2025/Ulises_De_La_Cruz.html|title=Ulises de la Cruz|first=Benjamin|last=Strack-Zimmermann|website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> {{Football player club statistics 1|NNN}} {{Football player club statistics 2|ECU|NNN}} |- |1991||rowspan="4"|[[Sociedad Deportivo Quito|Deportivo Quito]]||rowspan="4"|[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]||8||1 |- |1992||12||1 |- |1993||33||2 |- |1994||33||2 |- |1995||[[Barcelona S.C.|Barcelona]]||[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]||14||0 {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|NNN}} |- |1995||[[Cruzeiro E.C.|Cruzeiro]]||[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||0||0 {{Football player club statistics 2|ECU|NNN}} |- |1996||[[S.D. Aucas|Aucas]]||[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]||32||3 |- |1997||rowspan="3"|[[L.D.U. Quito|Quito]]||rowspan="3"|[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]||37||4 |- |1998||41||7 |- |1999||22||4 {{Football player club statistics 2|BRA|NNN}} |- |1999||[[Cruzeiro E.C.|Cruzeiro]]||[[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]]||4||0 {{Football player club statistics 2|ECU|NNN}} |- |2000||[[L.D.U. Quito|Quito]]||[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]||30||5 |- |2001||[[Barcelona S.C.|Barcelona]]||[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]||8||0 {{Football player club statistics 2|SCO|NNN}} |- |2001–02||[[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]]||[[Scottish Premier League|Premier League]]||32||2 {{Football player club statistics 2|ENG|NNN}} |- |2002–03||rowspan="4"|[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]||rowspan="4"|[[English Premier League|Premier League]]||20||1 |- |2003–04||23||0 |- |2004–05||34||0 |- |2005–06||7||0 |- |2006–07||rowspan="2"|[[Reading F.C.|Reading]]||rowspan="2"|[[English Premier League|Premier League]]||9||1 |- |2007–08||6||0 |- |2008–09||[[Birmingham City F.C.|Birmingham City]]||[[Football League Championship|League Championship]]||1||0 {{Football player club statistics 2|ECU|NNN}} |- |2009||[[L.D.U. Quito|Quito]]||[[Serie A de Ecuador|Serie A]]|||| {{Football player club statistics 3|4|ECU}}270||29 {{Football player club statistics 4|BRA}}4||0 {{Football player club statistics 4|SCO}}32||2 {{Football player club statistics 4|ENG}}100||2 {{Football player club statistics 5}}406||33 |} ===International career statistics=== <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/delacruz-intl.html|title=Ulises de la Cruz - Century of International Appearances|website=www.rsssf.com}}</ref> {{Football player national team statistics|ECU}} |- |1995||2||0 |- |1996||0||0 |- |1997||10||0 |- |1998||1||1 |- |1999||11||0 |- |2000||12||1 |- |2001||12||1 |- |2002||9||0 |- |2003||7||0 |- |2004||9||1 |- |2005||9||1 |- |2006||7||0 |- |2007||9||1 |- !Total||98||6 |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Ecuador Squad 2002 World Cup}} {{Ecuador Squad 2006 World Cup}} {{Sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:de la Cruz, Ulises}} [[Category:1974 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Ecuadorian footballers]] [[Category:Reading F.C. players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quito]] jqdw4ngmo4m5gkox58je0wdv64qgg8z 0 207439 10882842 10879879 2026-06-10T01:57:49Z Charles chipmunk 1743554 /* History */ 10882842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Zellers | logo = Zellers logo.svg | type = [[Subsidiary]] | founder = [[Walter P. Zeller]] | defunct = March 31, 2013 (two stores continued to operate until January 26, 2020) | fate = Most store leases acquired by [[Target Canada]], [[Walmart Canada]] or closed outright. Two locations were retained to serve as liquidation centres for other HBC retail chains. | industry = [[Discount retail store]] | products = Clothing, grocery, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelery, beauty products, electronics, toys, sports equipment, appliances, housewares | owner = [[Hudson's Bay Company]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|title=Contacts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719100513/http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|archive-date=July 19, 2010|website=[[Hudson's Bay Company]]|access-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> | num_employees = | foundation = 1931 | location = [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]], Canada | locations = 1 | website = {{URL|https://zellers.com/}} }} [[File:Zellersstoreinmoncton.JPG|thumb|A Zellers store in [[Moncton]], [[New Brunswick]]]] '''Zellers''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] company formerly owned by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. They were headquartered in [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]], [[Ontario]]. Until 2013, Zellers was [[Canada]]'s second-largest chain of mass merchandise [[Department store|department stores]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> == History == In 2011, the leaseholds of 189 Zellers stores were taken over by [[Target (store)|Target Corporation]]. Target got the leaseholds because they were [[Target Canada|expanding their stores into Canada]] in 2013 and 2014. HBC said that most Zellers stores would close and the Zellers banner would be retired from Canadian retail by March 31, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/40622|access-date=2012-12-30|title=Hudson's Bay Company Confirms Final List of 189 Zellers Locations to be Assumed by Target|publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref> The last two Zellers stores, located in [[Toronto]] and [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], closed on January 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|title=Canada's two remaining Zellers stores slated to close {{!}} CTV News|website=www.ctvnews.ca|date=6 September 2019|access-date=2019-10-28|archive-date=2019-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921001656/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/zellers-last-two-stores-closing-toronto-ottawa-1.5273710|title=Hudson's Bay to shutter last 2 Zellers stores in Toronto and Ottawa|website=CBC News|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> '''Zellers 2.0''' In 2023, Hudson's Bay Company announced that Zellers would return as a pop-up inside their stores across Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bloomberg|first=B. N. N.|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers: Hudson’s Bay announces planned locations for 25 stores - BNN Bloomberg|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/zellers-hudson-s-bay-announces-planned-locations-for-25-stores-1.1871664|access-date=2023-01-19|website=BNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers set to open five stores in Quebec. Here's where they'll be|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|access-date=2023-01-19|website=Montreal|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118203219/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|url-status=dead}}</ref> When HBC closed all of their stores in early 2025, the Zellers pop-ups closed along with them. '''Zellers 3.0''' In October 2025, Zellers was revived as a full-sized store at Londonberry Mall in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], under the ownership of Les Ailes de la Mode, with plans to expand across Canada being announced in January 2026. This version of the brand has been nicknamed “Zellers 3.0”. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jafri|first=Sidra|date=2026-01-22|title=Zellers 3.0: Will the department store be making a comeback? - NOW Toronto|language=en-US|work=NOW Toronto|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/zellers-3-0-will-the-department-store-be-making-a-comeback/|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> In June 2026, it was announced that two physical Zellers stores would open in [[Toronto]] and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zellers is about to open two brick-and-mortar locations in Ontario|url=https://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2026/06/zellers-locations-ontario/|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.blogto.com|language=en}}</ref> == Products == '''Current Products''' * [[Clothing]] * Housewares * Baby Products '''Former Products''' * [[Toy|Toys]] * [[Drug|Pharmaceuticals]] * [[Grocer|Groceries]] * [[Consumer electronics|Electronics]] == Advertising == Zellers’ [[mascot]] is a [[teddy bear]] named Zeddy. Zellers’ former slogan, “Where the lowest price is the law!”, was acquired by [[Canadian Tire]] in 2025, along with many other assets owned by HBC. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official}} {{Canada-stub}} [[Category:1931 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Brampton, Ontario]] [[Category:Companies based in Ontario]] [[Category:Department stores of Canada]] 1o33ztt38wwijn5tf09f5zoqdz7756g 10882843 10882842 2026-06-10T01:58:22Z Charles chipmunk 1743554 /* History */ 10882843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Zellers | logo = Zellers logo.svg | type = [[Subsidiary]] | founder = [[Walter P. Zeller]] | defunct = March 31, 2013 (two stores continued to operate until January 26, 2020) | fate = Most store leases acquired by [[Target Canada]], [[Walmart Canada]] or closed outright. Two locations were retained to serve as liquidation centres for other HBC retail chains. | industry = [[Discount retail store]] | products = Clothing, grocery, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelery, beauty products, electronics, toys, sports equipment, appliances, housewares | owner = [[Hudson's Bay Company]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|title=Contacts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719100513/http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|archive-date=July 19, 2010|website=[[Hudson's Bay Company]]|access-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> | num_employees = | foundation = 1931 | location = [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]], Canada | locations = 1 | website = {{URL|https://zellers.com/}} }} [[File:Zellersstoreinmoncton.JPG|thumb|A Zellers store in [[Moncton]], [[New Brunswick]]]] '''Zellers''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] company formerly owned by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. They were headquartered in [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]], [[Ontario]]. Until 2013, Zellers was [[Canada]]'s second-largest chain of mass merchandise [[Department store|department stores]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> == History == In 2011, the leaseholds of 189 Zellers stores were taken over by [[Target (store)|Target Corporation]]. Target got the leaseholds because they were [[Target Canada|expanding their stores into Canada]] in 2013 and 2014. HBC said that most Zellers stores would close and the Zellers banner would be retired from Canadian retail by March 31, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/40622|access-date=2012-12-30|title=Hudson's Bay Company Confirms Final List of 189 Zellers Locations to be Assumed by Target|publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref> The last two Zellers stores, located in [[Toronto]] and [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], closed on January 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|title=Canada's two remaining Zellers stores slated to close {{!}} CTV News|website=www.ctvnews.ca|date=6 September 2019|access-date=2019-10-28|archive-date=2019-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921001656/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/zellers-last-two-stores-closing-toronto-ottawa-1.5273710|title=Hudson's Bay to shutter last 2 Zellers stores in Toronto and Ottawa|website=CBC News|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> '''Zellers 2.0''' In 2023, Hudson's Bay Company announced that Zellers would return as a pop-up inside their stores across Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bloomberg|first=B. N. N.|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers: Hudson’s Bay announces planned locations for 25 stores - BNN Bloomberg|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/zellers-hudson-s-bay-announces-planned-locations-for-25-stores-1.1871664|access-date=2023-01-19|website=BNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers set to open five stores in Quebec. Here's where they'll be|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|access-date=2023-01-19|website=Montreal|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118203219/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|url-status=dead}}</ref> When HBC closed all of their stores in early 2025, the Zellers pop-ups closed along with them. '''Zellers 3.0''' In October 2025, Zellers was revived as a full-sized store at Londonberry Mall in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], under the ownership of Les Ailes de la Mode, with plans to expand across Canada being announced in January 2026. This version of the brand has been nicknamed “Zellers 3.0”. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jafri|first=Sidra|date=2026-01-22|title=Zellers 3.0: Will the department store be making a comeback? - NOW Toronto|language=en-US|work=NOW Toronto|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/zellers-3-0-will-the-department-store-be-making-a-comeback/|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> In June 2026, it was announced that two physical Zellers stores would open in [[Toronto]] and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zellers is about to open two brick-and-mortar locations in Ontario|url=https://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2026/06/zellers-locations-ontario/|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.blogto.com|language=en}}</ref> == Products == '''Current Products''' * [[Clothing]] * Housewares * Baby Products '''Former Products''' * [[Toy|Toys]] * [[Drug|Pharmaceuticals]] * [[Grocer|Groceries]] * [[Consumer electronics|Electronics]] == Advertising == Zellers’ [[mascot]] is a [[teddy bear]] named Zeddy. Zellers’ former slogan, “Where the lowest price is the law!”, was acquired by [[Canadian Tire]] in 2025, along with many other assets owned by HBC. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official}} {{Canada-stub}} [[Category:1931 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Brampton, Ontario]] [[Category:Companies based in Ontario]] [[Category:Department stores of Canada]] 4pesz3ymoco3b9sfkce3uka52wbitj4 10882844 10882843 2026-06-10T01:58:54Z Charles chipmunk 1743554 /* Products */ 10882844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Zellers | logo = Zellers logo.svg | type = [[Subsidiary]] | founder = [[Walter P. Zeller]] | defunct = March 31, 2013 (two stores continued to operate until January 26, 2020) | fate = Most store leases acquired by [[Target Canada]], [[Walmart Canada]] or closed outright. Two locations were retained to serve as liquidation centres for other HBC retail chains. | industry = [[Discount retail store]] | products = Clothing, grocery, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelery, beauty products, electronics, toys, sports equipment, appliances, housewares | owner = [[Hudson's Bay Company]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|title=Contacts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719100513/http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|archive-date=July 19, 2010|website=[[Hudson's Bay Company]]|access-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> | num_employees = | foundation = 1931 | location = [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]], Canada | locations = 1 | website = {{URL|https://zellers.com/}} }} [[File:Zellersstoreinmoncton.JPG|thumb|A Zellers store in [[Moncton]], [[New Brunswick]]]] '''Zellers''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] company formerly owned by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. They were headquartered in [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]], [[Ontario]]. Until 2013, Zellers was [[Canada]]'s second-largest chain of mass merchandise [[Department store|department stores]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> == History == In 2011, the leaseholds of 189 Zellers stores were taken over by [[Target (store)|Target Corporation]]. Target got the leaseholds because they were [[Target Canada|expanding their stores into Canada]] in 2013 and 2014. HBC said that most Zellers stores would close and the Zellers banner would be retired from Canadian retail by March 31, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/40622|access-date=2012-12-30|title=Hudson's Bay Company Confirms Final List of 189 Zellers Locations to be Assumed by Target|publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref> The last two Zellers stores, located in [[Toronto]] and [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], closed on January 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|title=Canada's two remaining Zellers stores slated to close {{!}} CTV News|website=www.ctvnews.ca|date=6 September 2019|access-date=2019-10-28|archive-date=2019-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921001656/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/zellers-last-two-stores-closing-toronto-ottawa-1.5273710|title=Hudson's Bay to shutter last 2 Zellers stores in Toronto and Ottawa|website=CBC News|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> '''Zellers 2.0''' In 2023, Hudson's Bay Company announced that Zellers would return as a pop-up inside their stores across Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bloomberg|first=B. N. N.|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers: Hudson’s Bay announces planned locations for 25 stores - BNN Bloomberg|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/zellers-hudson-s-bay-announces-planned-locations-for-25-stores-1.1871664|access-date=2023-01-19|website=BNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers set to open five stores in Quebec. Here's where they'll be|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|access-date=2023-01-19|website=Montreal|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118203219/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|url-status=dead}}</ref> When HBC closed all of their stores in early 2025, the Zellers pop-ups closed along with them. '''Zellers 3.0''' In October 2025, Zellers was revived as a full-sized store at Londonberry Mall in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], under the ownership of Les Ailes de la Mode, with plans to expand across Canada being announced in January 2026. This version of the brand has been nicknamed “Zellers 3.0”. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jafri|first=Sidra|date=2026-01-22|title=Zellers 3.0: Will the department store be making a comeback? - NOW Toronto|language=en-US|work=NOW Toronto|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/zellers-3-0-will-the-department-store-be-making-a-comeback/|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> In June 2026, it was announced that two physical Zellers stores would open in [[Toronto]] and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zellers is about to open two brick-and-mortar locations in Ontario|url=https://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2026/06/zellers-locations-ontario/|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.blogto.com|language=en}}</ref> == Products == '''Current Products''' * [[Clothing]] * [[Toy|Toys]] * Baby Products * Housewares '''Former Products''' * [[Drug|Pharmaceuticals]] * [[Grocer|Groceries]] * [[Consumer electronics|Electronics]] == Advertising == Zellers’ [[mascot]] is a [[teddy bear]] named Zeddy. Zellers’ former slogan, “Where the lowest price is the law!”, was acquired by [[Canadian Tire]] in 2025, along with many other assets owned by HBC. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official}} {{Canada-stub}} [[Category:1931 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Brampton, Ontario]] [[Category:Companies based in Ontario]] [[Category:Department stores of Canada]] rq83s87dnu5q4l4rb4fxcvl10nlv8ao 10882845 10882844 2026-06-10T02:00:15Z Charles chipmunk 1743554 /* */ 10882845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Zellers | logo = Zellers logo.svg | type = [[Subsidiary]] | founder = [[Walter P. Zeller]] | defunct = March 31, 2013 (two stores continued to operate until January 26, 2020) | fate = Most store leases acquired by [[Target Canada]], [[Walmart Canada]] or closed outright. Two locations were retained to serve as liquidation centres for other HBC retail chains. | industry = [[Discount retail store]] | products = Clothing, grocery, footwear, bedding, furniture, jewelery, beauty products, electronics, toys, sports equipment, appliances, housewares | owner = [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (formerly} <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|title=Contacts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719100513/http://www.hbc.com/hbc/about/contacts/|archive-date=July 19, 2010|website=[[Hudson's Bay Company]]|access-date=July 7, 2010}}</ref> | num_employees = | foundation = 1931 | location = [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]], Canada | locations = 1 | website = {{URL|https://zellers.com/}} }} [[File:Zellersstoreinmoncton.JPG|thumb|A Zellers store in [[Moncton]], [[New Brunswick]]]] '''Zellers''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] company formerly owned by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. They were headquartered in [[Brampton, Ontario|Brampton]], [[Ontario]]. Until 2013, Zellers was [[Canada]]'s second-largest chain of mass merchandise [[Department store|department stores]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> == History == In 2011, the leaseholds of 189 Zellers stores were taken over by [[Target (store)|Target Corporation]]. Target got the leaseholds because they were [[Target Canada|expanding their stores into Canada]] in 2013 and 2014. HBC said that most Zellers stores would close and the Zellers banner would be retired from Canadian retail by March 31, 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/40622|access-date=2012-12-30|title=Hudson's Bay Company Confirms Final List of 189 Zellers Locations to be Assumed by Target|publisher=Canada Free Press}}</ref> The last two Zellers stores, located in [[Toronto]] and [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], closed on January 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|title=Canada's two remaining Zellers stores slated to close {{!}} CTV News|website=www.ctvnews.ca|date=6 September 2019|access-date=2019-10-28|archive-date=2019-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921001656/https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/canada-s-two-remaining-zellers-stores-slated-to-close-1.4580805|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/zellers-last-two-stores-closing-toronto-ottawa-1.5273710|title=Hudson's Bay to shutter last 2 Zellers stores in Toronto and Ottawa|website=CBC News|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref> '''Zellers 2.0''' In 2023, Hudson's Bay Company announced that Zellers would return as a pop-up inside their stores across Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|title=First new Zellers locations revealed ahead of brand's return to Canada this spring|url=https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/01/18/zellers-locations-canada-gta-ontario/|access-date=2023-01-19|website=toronto.citynews.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Bloomberg|first=B. N. N.|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers: Hudson’s Bay announces planned locations for 25 stores - BNN Bloomberg|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/zellers-hudson-s-bay-announces-planned-locations-for-25-stores-1.1871664|access-date=2023-01-19|website=BNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Zellers set to open five stores in Quebec. Here's where they'll be|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|access-date=2023-01-19|website=Montreal|language=en|archive-date=2023-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118203219/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/zellers-set-to-open-five-stores-in-quebec-here-s-where-they-ll-be-1.6235515|url-status=dead}}</ref> When HBC closed all of their stores in early 2025, the Zellers pop-ups closed along with them. '''Zellers 3.0''' In October 2025, Zellers was revived as a full-sized store at Londonberry Mall in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], under the ownership of Les Ailes de la Mode, with plans to expand across Canada being announced in January 2026. This version of the brand has been nicknamed “Zellers 3.0”. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Jafri|first=Sidra|date=2026-01-22|title=Zellers 3.0: Will the department store be making a comeback? - NOW Toronto|language=en-US|work=NOW Toronto|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/zellers-3-0-will-the-department-store-be-making-a-comeback/|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> In June 2026, it was announced that two physical Zellers stores would open in [[Toronto]] and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zellers is about to open two brick-and-mortar locations in Ontario|url=https://www.blogto.com/fashion_style/2026/06/zellers-locations-ontario/|access-date=2026-06-05|website=www.blogto.com|language=en}}</ref> == Products == '''Current Products''' * [[Clothing]] * [[Toy|Toys]] * Baby Products * Housewares '''Former Products''' * [[Drug|Pharmaceuticals]] * [[Grocer|Groceries]] * [[Consumer electronics|Electronics]] == Advertising == Zellers’ [[mascot]] is a [[teddy bear]] named Zeddy. Zellers’ former slogan, “Where the lowest price is the law!”, was acquired by [[Canadian Tire]] in 2025, along with many other assets owned by HBC. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Official}} {{Canada-stub}} [[Category:1931 establishments in Canada]] [[Category:Brampton, Ontario]] [[Category:Companies based in Ontario]] [[Category:Department stores of Canada]] 3z6s0i9ytllwpdiw6w5am9ud7zrrbg4 0 216948 10882381 10871764 2026-06-09T14:56:30Z ~2026-34228-75 1819112 /* */ Added content 10882381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{No sources|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Barcelona | image = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/FC_Barcelona_%28crest%29.svg | upright = 0.8 | fullname = Futbol Club Barcelona | nickname = ''Barça'' or ''FC Barca '' (team)<br />''Culers'' or ''Barcelonistes'' (supporters)<br />''Blaugranes'' or ''Azulgranas''<!-- in Catalan, it is always blaugrana (singular) or blaugranes (plural), while in Spanish the Catalan word "blaugrana" is often used as well as the Spanish word "azulgrana" --> (supporters) | founded = {{Start date and years ago|df=yes|1899|11|29}}<br />as ''Foot-Ball Club Barcelona'' | ground = [[Spotify Camp Nou]] | capacity = 55,926<ref name="stadium">{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou|title=Camp Nou|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=26 December 2020|archive-date=9 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609044121/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/club/facilites-and-services/camp_nou|url-status=live}}</ref> | chrtitle = President | chairman = Kylian Mbappé | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = [[Hansi Flick]] | league = [[La Liga]] | season = [[:en:2024-25 FC Barcelona season|2024-25]] | position = ESL | current = 2024-25 FC Barcelona season | website = http://www.fcbarcelona.com | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = _fcbhockey24h | pattern_ra1 = | pattern_sh1 = _nike_gold | pattern_so1 = _nikegold | leftarm1 = 00009E | body1 = 00009E | rightarm1 = 00009E | shorts1 = 00009E | socks1 = 00009E | pattern_la2 = _alain2324h | pattern_b2 = _alain2324h | pattern_ra2 = _alain2324h | pattern_sh2 = _nike_gold | pattern_so2 = _nikegold | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 78E7CB | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = 000000 | pattern_la3 = _redblueborder | pattern_b3 = | pattern_ra3 = _redblueborder | pattern_sh3 = _nikered | pattern_so3 = _nikered | leftarm3 = 78E7CB | body3 = 78E7CB | rightarm3 = 78E7CB | shorts3 = 78E7CB | socks3 = 78E7CB }}[[File:Camp Nou més que un club.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Més que un club (in [[Catalan language|Catalan]]): ''More than a club''.]] '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' commonly known as '''Barcelona''' or simply '''Barça,''' is a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[professional]] [[Association football|football]] club from [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]]. They currently compete in [[La Liga|ESL]], the top European league. It was founded in 1899 by [[:en:Joan Gamper|Joan Gamper]] as FC Barcelona. They are known for winning the treble (La Liga, the [[Copa del Rey|Copa Del Rey]], and the [[UEFA Champions League]]) all in 1 season, twice, in the [[:en:2008-09 FC Barcelona season|2008-09]] season and in the [[:en:2014-15 FC Barcelona season|2014-15]] season. Their biggest rival is [[Real Madrid]]. Matches between F.C. Barcelona and Real Madrid are called "[[El Clásico]]", which means "The Classic" in Spanish. The team has won many tournaments, which is why Barcelona is considered one of the best teams in the world. Their home stadium, [[Camp Nou]], is the largest stadium in [[Europe]] with a capacity of 99,354.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Camp Nou|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/facilities/camp-nou|access-date=28 May 2021|website=fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref> Barcelona have won 103 official titles. They are the most successful club in Spain, with 81 titles. Those domestic titles are 32 [[Copa del Rey]], 29 La Liga, 16 [[Supercopa de España]], 3 [[:en:Copa Eva Duarte|Copa Eva Duarte]], and two [[:en:Copa de la Liga|Copa de la Liga]]. Internationally, the club is also one of the most successful. It has won 22 official titles, including two [[:en:Latin Cup|Latin Cup]], three [[:en:Inter-Cities Fairs Cup|Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]], five [[UEFA Champions League]], four [[UEFA Super Cup]], four [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]], and three [[FIFA Club World Cup]]. Barcelona is one of the three clubs that have never been relegated from the first division. The other ones are [[Athletic Bilbao]] and Real Madrid. == History == FC Barcelona was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, Spanish, English, and Catalan footballers led by [[Joan Gamper Trophy|Joan Gamper]]. The club won its first Copa del Rey in 1910, and their first league title in 1929. The club was forced to change their name in 1938 to '''Club de Futbol Barcelona''' and also had to remove the Catalan flag from the crest. This happened because of [[Italy|Italian]] rule. In 1957, the [[Camp Nou]] opened. In 1974, the club changed its name back to '''Futbol Club Barcelona''' and went back to using the original crest with the Catalan flag and the red and blue colors. Barcelona won their first [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1979 against [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]], and won again three years later. A year later, in 1983, the club won their first [[Supercopa de España]]. The club won its first Champions League in 1992 against [[U.C. Sampdoria]]. In 1992, they also achieved a treble, winning their first [[UEFA Super Cup]] and the league title, along with the Champions League. From 1990 to 1994, Barcelona won four consecutive league titles with [[Johan Cruyff]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The History of FC Barcelona - Decade by decade|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/history/decade-by-decade|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128154557/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/history/decade-by-decade|archive-date=28 January 2021|access-date=10 February 2021|website=www.fcbarcelona.com|language=en}}</ref> == Club identity == FC Barcelona is known for the phrase '''"Més que un club"''' (which means "More than a club"). This idea shows that the club represents more than football, including the culture and identity of Catalonia.<ref>{{cite web |title=More than a club |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/club/identity |website=FC Barcelona |access-date=30 April 2026}}</ref> During the rule of Francisco Franco, the use of the Catalan language and symbols was limited in Spain. At that time, FC Barcelona became an important symbol of Catalan identity and resistance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barcelona and Catalan identity |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Barcelona-Spain |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=30 April 2026}}</ref> The club is also owned by its members, known as "socios", instead of a private owner. This makes it different from many other major football clubs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Club ownership |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/card/members |website=FC Barcelona |access-date=30 April 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Because of these factors, FC Barcelona is seen as an important social and cultural institution, not only a football team. == Rivalries == The club's main rival is Real Madrid, but it also has more rivalries. It has a local rivalry with [[RCD Espanyol]], since both clubs are from the city of Barcelona. Matches between the two clubs are known as [[Derbi barceloní]]. Espanyol supporters used to see FC Barcelona as a [[wiktionary:foreign|foreign]] team because Espanyol were a Spanish club, unlike Barcelona. Barcelona has been very dominant because Espanyol has only been able to finish above Barcelona in the league on 3 occasions in 70 years. == League position == * '''1929: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1929/30: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1930/31: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1931/32: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1932/33: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1933/34: [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1934/35: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1935/36: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1936/37: La Liga - Champions * 1939/40: [[La Liga]] - 9th * 1940/41: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1941/42: [[La Liga]] - 12th * 1942/43: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1943/44: [[La Liga]] - 6th * '''1944/45: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1945/46: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1946/47: [[La Liga]] - 4th * '''1947/48: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1948/49: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1949/50: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1950/51: [[La Liga]] - 4th * '''1951/52: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1952/53: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1953/54: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1954/55: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1955/56: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1956/57: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1957/58: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * '''1958/59: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1959/60: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1960/61: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1961/62: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1962/63: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1963/64: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1964/65: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1965/66: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1966/67: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1967/68: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1968/69: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1969/70: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1970/71: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1971/72: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1972/73: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * '''1973/74: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1974/75: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1975/76: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1976/77: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1977/78: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1978/79: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1979/80: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1980/81: [[La Liga]] - 5th * 1981/82: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1982/83: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1983/84: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * '''1984/85: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1985/86: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1986/87: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1987/88: [[La Liga]] - 6th * 1988/89: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * 1989/90: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * '''1990/91: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1991/92: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1992/93: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1993/94: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1994/95: [[La Liga]] - 4th * 1995/96: [[La Liga]] - 3rd * 1996/97: [[La Liga]] - 2nd * '''1997/98: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * '''1998/99: [[La Liga]] - Champions''' * 1999–00: [[La Liga]] - 2nd {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" !Season!!Division!!Position |- bgcolor="white" |'''2000–01'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''4th''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''2001–02'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''4th''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''2002–03'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||6th |- bgcolor="silver" |'''2003–04'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2004–05'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2005–06'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''2006–07'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''2007–08'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''3rd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2008–09'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2009–10 La Liga|2009–10]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2010–11 FC Barcelona Season|2010–11]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2011–12 La Liga|2011–12]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2012–13 La Liga|2012–13]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2013–14 La Liga|2013–14]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' ||'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2014–15 La Liga|2014–15]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]]'''||'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2016-17 La Liga|2016–17]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2017-18 La Liga|2017–18]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="white" |'''[[2020–21 La Liga|2020–21]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''3rd''' |- bgcolor="silver" |'''[[2021-22 La Liga|2021-22]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''2nd''' |- bgcolor="gold" |'''[[2022-23 La Liga|2022-23]]''' |'''[[La Liga]]''' |'''Champions''' |} == Honours == === Domestic Competitions<ref name="Honours - FCB">{{cite web|title=Honours|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/honours|access-date=29 May 2021|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> === * '''[[La Liga]]''' **'''''Winners (29):''''' 1928/29, 1936/37, 1944/45, 1947/48, 1948/49, 1951/52, 1952/53, 1958/59, 1959/60, 1973/74, 1984/85, 1990/91, 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94, 1997/98, 1998/99, 2004/05, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2012/13, 2014–15, [[2015–16 La Liga|2015–16]], [[2017-18 La Liga|2017–18]], [[2018–19 La Liga|2018–19]], 2022-23, 2024-25 **''Runners-up (28):'' 1929/30, 1945/46, 1953/54, 1954/55, 1955/56, 1961/62, 1963/64, 1966/67, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1972/73, 1975/76, 1976/77, 1977/78, 1981/82, 1985/86, 1986/87, 1988/89, 1996/97, 1999/00, 2003/04, 2006/07, 2011–12, [[2013–14 La Liga|2013–14]], [[2016-17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]], 2021-22, 2023-24 * '''[[Copa del Rey]]''' **'''''Winners (32):''''' 1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1952/53, 1957, 1958/59, 1962/63, 1967/68, 1970/71, 1977/78, 1980/81, 1982/83, 1987/88, 1989/90, 1996/97, 1997/98, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2014/15, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017–18, 2020–21, 2024-25 **''Runners-up (11):'' 1901/02, 1918/19, 1931/32, 1935/36, 1953/54, 1973/74, 1983/84, 1985/86, 1995–96, 2013–14, [[2018–19 Copa del Rey|2018–19]] * '''[[Copa de la Liga]]''' **'''''Winners (2):''''' 1982–83, 1985–86 * '''[[Supercopa de España]]''' **'''''Winners (16):''''' 1983, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2023, 2025, 2026 **''Runners-up (11):'' 1985, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2021 * '''[[Copa Eva Duarte]]''' ''(The forerunner to the '''[[Supercopa de España]]''')'' **'''''Winners (3):''''' 1947, 1952, 1953. **''Runners-up (2):'' 1949, 1951 === European Competitions<ref name="Honours - FCB" /> === [[File:Celebrando la Copa de Campeones 2008-09.jpg|thumb|300px|Barcelona players celebrating victory in the [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09 Champions League]]. They beat [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 2–0.]] * '''[[European Cup]]'''/ '''[[UEFA Champions League]]''' **'''''Winners (5):''''' 1991–92, 2005–06, [[2008–09 UEFA Champions League|2008–09]], [[2010–11 UEFA Champions League|2010–11]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League|2014–15]] **''Runners-up (3):'' 1960–61, 1985–86, 1993–94. * '''[[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]]''' **'''''Winners (4):''''' 1978–79, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1996–97. **''Runners-up (2):'' 1968–69, 1990–91 * '''[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]''' ''(The tournament before the '''[[UEFA Europa League]]''')'' **'''''Winners (3):''''' 1955/58, 1958/60, 1965/66. **''Runners-up (1):'' 1961/62 * '''[[UEFA Super Cup]]''' **'''''Winners (5):''''' 1992, 1997, 2009, [[2011 UEFA Super Cup|2011]], [[2015 UEFA Super Cup|2015]] **''Runners-up (4):'' 1979, 1982, 1989, 2006 === Major Worldwide Competitions<ref name="Honours - FCB" /> === * '''[[FIFA Club World Cup]]''' **'''''Winners (3):''''' 2009, 2011, [[2015 FIFA Club World Cup|2015]] **''Runners-up (1):'' 2006 == Players == === Current squad=== {{updated|April 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/players |title=Players |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> <!----------------------------- READ THIS NOTICE FIRST BEFORE EDITING ---------------------------------- – Do NOT add new players before their signing is officially announced by the club through their website, including medical and signing the contract. A transfer fee agreed doesn't mean the player will sign. – Do NOT remove players before their exit is officially announced by the club. – Do NOT add or change squad numbers until it is official on the FC Barcelona website – Only add numberless players that are likely to become part of the first team – Pre-season numbers can be added temporarily with A REFERENCE – This is Wikipedia, not a football newspaper. Anything unconfirmed and unsourced will be removed on sight ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|pos=GK|nat=GER|name=[[Marc-André ter Stegen]]}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=Iñaki Peña}} {{Fs player|no=25|pos=GK|nat=POL|name=Wojciech Szczesny|other=}} {{Fs player|no=4|pos=DF|nat=Uruguay|name=Ronald Araujo}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=FRA|name=Jules Kounde|other=}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Gavi}} {{Fs player|no=11|pos=FW|nat=Brazil|name=Raphinha}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Pedri}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Ferran Torres}} {{Fs player|other=|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Pau Cubarsi}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=FW|nat=POL|name=Robert, Lewandowski|other=}} {{Fs player|no=15|pos=DF|nat=DEN|name=Andreas, Christensen}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Fermin Lopez}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Oriol Romeu}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=MF|nat=Netherlands|name=Frenkie De Jong}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Inigo Martinez|other=}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Alejandro Balde]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=20|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Dani Olmo]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Lamine Yamal]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Pau Victor}} {{Fs player|no=14|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Pablo Torre]]}} {{Fs player|no=28|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Marc Bernal}} {{Fs player|no=24|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Eric Garcia}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Gerard Martin}} {{Fs end}} ===Barcelona B and Youth Academy=== {{main|FC Barcelona B|FC Barcelona (youth)}} {{Fs start}}{{Fs player|nat=BRA|pos=FW|name=Giovanni|no=7}}{{Fs player|nat=BRA|pos=MF|name=Anderson|no=17}} {{Fs player|no=27|pos=GK|nat=MNE|name=Lazar Carević}}{{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=CB|name=Cameron Carter-Vickers|no=5}} {{Fs player|no=28|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Nico González (footballer, born 2002)|Nico González]]}} {{Fs player|no=29|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ferran Jutglà]]}} {{Fs player|no=30|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Gavi}} {{Fs player|no=3|pos=DF|nat=DOM|name=Alejandro Balde}} {{Fs player|no=27|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=Abde}}{{Fs player|nat=USA|pos=FW|name=Mareen-Hailey Selassie|no=11}}{{Fs player|nat=MEX|pos=MF|name=Eugenio, Pizzuto|other=|no=6}} {{Fs player|no=34|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=[[Álvaro Sanz]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=35|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Arnau Comas}} {{Fs player|no=36|pos=GK|nat=|name=}} {{Fs player|no=37|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Ilias Akhomach]]}} {{Fs player|no=38|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=[[Guillem Jaime]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=39|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=[[Estanis Pedrola]]|other=}} {{Fs player|no=40|pos=MF|nat=BRA|name=Lucas de Vega|other=}} {{Fs player|no=41|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Mika Màrmol|other=}} {{Fs end}} ===Other players under contract=== {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=SEN|name=[[Moussa Wagué]]}} {{Fs end}} ===Out on loan=== == References == {{reflist}} == Related pages == * [[Camp Nou]] * [[FC Barcelona B]] * [[Mini Estadi]] * [[Barcelona]] * [[Catalonia]] == Other websites == * [http://www.fcbarcelona.com/ FC Barcelona official website] {{La Liga teamlist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Barcelona}} [[Category:Spanish football clubs]] [[Category:FC Barcelona]] [[Category:Camp Nou]] [[Category:1899 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1890s establishments in Spain]] h49ki3k7xog3iagurk9ob7g6o75hpjm 0 218526 10882310 10880981 2026-06-09T13:54:32Z ~2026-34007-64 1819087 expanded it 10882310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=February 2013}} {{Football player infobox |playername=Byron Moreno |image=Byron Moreno (cropped).jpg |fullname=Byron Aldemar Moreno Ruales |birth_date={{birth date and age|1969|11|23|df=yes}} |birth_place=[[Quito]], [[Ecuador]] |death_date= |height={{height|m=1.76}} |position= |currentclub= |clubnumber= |youthyears1= |youthclubs1= |years1= |clubs1= |nationalyears1= |nationalteam1= |manageryears1= |managerclubs1= }} '''Byron Moreno''' (born 23 November 1969) is a former [[Ecuador]]ian [[Association football|football]] referee. He has been suspended for his job, because he showed illegal red cards. He was also arrested in [[New York City|New York]] for the possession of the [[illegal drugs|illegal drug]] [[heroin]] and was fined for [[drunk driving]]. During the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] Round of 16 match on June 18, referee Byron Moreno drew intense criticism for several highly controversial decisions that ultimately led to [[Italy]]'s shocking 2-1 extra-time elimination by co-hosts [[South Korea]]. Moreno first awarded South Korea a contentious first-half [[penalty]], which was ultimately saved, and later failed to penalize South Korea's Taeyoung Kim for elbowing [[Alessandro Del Piero]] in the face. The match grew more disputed in [[extra time]] when Moreno issued [[Francesco Totti]] a second yellow card for a perceived dive despite contact from a defender, and subsequently disallowed [[Damiano Tommasi]]’s potential match-winning golden goal for a questionable offside call. {{sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moreno, Byron}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quito]] [[Category:Ecuadorian footballers]] guadntqeytu1ep5v6e03wilghol2eri 4 219839 10882875 10880270 2026-06-10T03:06:10Z SpBot 17413 archive 3 sections: 1 to [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Archives/2026-05]], 2 to [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Archives/2026-06]] - previous edit: [[:User:Barras|Barras]], 2026-06-06 11:49 10882875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|the place to request access to the tool|Wikipedia:Requests for permissions}} {{/header}} {{Autoarchive resolved section |age=3 |archive=Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Archives/((year))-((month:##)) |overview=[[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Archives|Archive]] |show = yes | timeout = 90}} = Current requests = {{Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/New request}} <!-- Requests go here. Please add requests to the bottom of the list.--> rd407aax9a79ypadcizwn5m4q66qjeq 0 223865 10883082 10871588 2026-06-10T11:05:40Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Combined lengths */ 10883082 wikitext text/x-wiki This is the title history of the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship]]. It was first called the WWE Tag Team Championship and was a [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] championship. That ended when it was made into one with the old [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] of [[WWE Raw|Raw]] in 2009 and the [[WWE Brand Extension]] ended in 2011. The brand extension was brought back in July 2016. Then, the title became a Raw championship and was renamed the WWE Raw Tag Team Championship. In 2024 it was renamed the World Tag Team Championship. ==Title history== === Names === {|class="wikitable" border="1"manish khadka |- !Name !Years |- |WWE Tag Team Championship |October 20, 2002 – April 5, 2009 |- |Unified WWE Tag Team Championship |April 5, 2009 – August 16, 2010 |- |WWE Tag Team Championship |August 16, 2010 – September 5, 2016 |- |WWE Raw Tag Team Championship |September 5, 2016 – April 15,2024 |- |'''World Tag Team Championship''' |April 15, 2024 – present |} === Reigns === {{Professional wrestling title history top|days2=yes|active=yes|dayless=yes|team=yes}} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 1 |champion = [[Chris Benoit]] and [[Kurt Angle]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2002|10|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=20|year1=2002|month2=11|day2=05|year2=2002}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|October 20, 2002|November 7, 2002}} |location = [[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock, AR]] |event = [[No Mercy (2002)|No Mercy]] |notes = Title was established as the WWE Tag Team Championship for the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]] after the [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand. Angle and Benoit defeated the team of [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] and [[Rey Mysterio]] in the tournament final to become the first champions.<br>WWE lists the end of their reign on November 7, 2002, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/329992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517032936/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/329992 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-05-17 |title=Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit's first reign |accessdate=2013-10-13 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 2 |champion = [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] and [[Rey Mysterio]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2002|11|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=05|year1=2002|month2=11|day2=17|year2=2002}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|November 7, 2002|November 17, 2002}} |location = [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester, NH]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matchs|two out of three falls match]].<br>WWE lists the start of their reign on November 7, 2002, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="edgemysterio1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050717235515/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330018 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-17 |title=Edge & Mysterio's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 3 |champion = [[Los Guerreros]]<br/>{{small|([[Chavo Guerrero Jr.|Chavo]] and [[Eddie Guerrero]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2002|11|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=17|year1=2002|month2=02|day2=04|year2=2003}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|November 17, 2002|February 6, 2003}} |location = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |event = [[Survivor Series (2002)|Survivor Series]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat tag team elimination match]], also involving the team of [[Kurt Angle]] and [[Chris Benoit]].<br>WWE lists the end of their reign on February 6, 2003, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="guerreros1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330070 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123021244/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330070 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-23 |title=Los Guerreros' first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 4 |champion = [[The World's Greatest Tag Team|Team Angle]]<br/>{{small|([[Charlie Haas]] and [[Shelton Benjamin]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2003|02|04}}<ref name="03Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/wrestling/cawthon777/03.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030415191604/http://www.angelfire.com/wrestling/cawthon777/03.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-04-15 |title=2003 WWE Results }}</ref> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=04|year1=2003|month2=05|day2=18|year2=2003}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|February 6, 2003|May 18, 2003}} |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on February 6, 2003, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="wgtt1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330086 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050801012800/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330086 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-08-01 |title=Benjamin & Haas' first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 5 |champion = [[Eddie Guerrero]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Yoshihiro Tajiri|Tajiri]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2003|05|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=18|year1=2003|month2=07|day2=01|year2=2003}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|May 18, 2003|July 3, 2003}} |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[Judgment Day (2003)|Judgment Day]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. [[Los Guerreros]] used their rematch clause, but [[Chavo Guerrero Jr.|Chavo Guerrero]] got injured before the match. Tajiri replaced Chavo.<br>WWE lists the end of their reign on July 3, 2003, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="eddietajiri1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330108 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124171719/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330108 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-24 |title=Guerrero & Tajiri's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 6 |champion = [[The World's Greatest Tag Team]]<br/>{{small|([[Charlie Haas]] and [[Shelton Benjamin]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2003|07|01}}<ref name="03Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=01|year1=2003|month2=09|day2=16|year2=2003}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|July 3, 2003|September 18, 2003}} |location = [[Rochester, New York|Rochester, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = After Benjamin and Haas lost the titles to [[Eddie Guerrero]] and [[Yoshihiro Tajiri|Tajiri]], they were "fired" from Team Angle. They then became known as The World's Greatest Tag Team.<br>WWE lists the start of their reign July 3, 2003, and the end on September 18, 2003. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="wgtt2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330136 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050620001118/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330136 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-06-20 |title=Benjamin & Haas' second reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 7 |champion = [[Los Guerreros]]<br/>({{small|[[Chavo Guerrero Jr.|Chavo]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Eddie Guerrero]] (3)}}) |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2003|09|16}}<ref name="03Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=16|year1=2003|month2=10|day2=21|year2=2003}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|September 18, 2003|October 23, 2003}} |location = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on September 18, 2003, and the end on October 23, 2003. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="guerreros2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330172 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126111842/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330172 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-26 |title=Los Guerreros' second reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 8 |champion = [[The Basham Brothers]]<br />{{small|([[Danny Basham|Danny]] and [[Doug Basham]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2003|10|21}}<ref name="03Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=21|year1=2003|month2=02|day2=03|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|October 23, 2003|February 5, 2004}} |location = [[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on October 23, 2003, and the end on February 5, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="bashams1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330156 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050923212302/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330156 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-09-23 |title=Basham Brothers' first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 9 |champion = [[Rikishi (wrestler)|Rikishi]] [[Too Cool|and]] [[Scotty 2 Hotty]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|02|03}}<ref name="04Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/wrestling/cawthon777/04.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040129025309/http://www.angelfire.com/wrestling/cawthon777/04.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-01-29 |title=2004 WWE Results }}</ref> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=03|year1=2004|month2=04|day2=20|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|February 5, 2004|April 22, 2004}} |location = [[Cleveland|Cleveland, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on February 5, 2004, and the end on April 22, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="scottyrikishi1">{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330120 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125111241/https://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330120 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 25, 2005 |title=Rikishi & Scotty's first reign |access-date=April 9, 2007 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 10 |champion = [[Charlie Haas]] and [[Rico Constantino|Rico]] |reign = 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} |date = {{dts|2004|04|20}}<ref name="04Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=20|year1=2004|month2=06|day2=15|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|April 22, 2004|June 16, 2004}} |location = [[Kelowna]], [[British Columbia|BC]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on April 22, 2004, and the end on June 17, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="haasrico">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330096 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050727012800/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330096 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 27, 2005 |title=Haas & Rico's first reign |access-date=April 9, 2007 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 11 |champion = [[Dudley Boyz]]<br />{{small|([[Bubba Ray Dudley]] and [[D-Von Dudley]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|06|15}}<ref name="04Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=15|year1=2004|month2=07|day2=06|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|June 17, 2004|July 7, 2004}} |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on June 17, 2004, and the end on July 8, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="dudleyz1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330078 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124054213/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330078 |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 24, 2005 |title=Dudley Boyz' first reign |access-date=April 9, 2007 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 12 |champion = [[Billy Kidman]] and [[Paul London]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|07|06}}<ref name="04Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=06|year1=2004|month2=09|day2=07|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|July 8, 2004|September 9, 2004}} |location = [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba|MB]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on July 8, 2004, and the end on September 9, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="kidmanlondon1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330038 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120085301/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330038 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-20 |title=Kidman & London's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 13 |champion = [[Kenzo Suzuki]] and [[René Duprée]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|09|07}}<ref name="04Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=07|year1=2004|month2=12|day2=07|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|September 9, 2004|December 9, 2004}} |location = [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa, OK]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on September 9, 2004, and the end on December 9, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="dupreesuzuki1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050705080042/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/330002 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-05 |title=Dupree & Suzuki's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 14 |champion = [[Rey Mysterio]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Rob Van Dam]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|12|07}}<ref name="04Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=07|year1=2004|month2=01|day2=11|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|December 9, 2004|January 13, 2005}} |location = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on December 9, 2004, and ending on January 13, 2005. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="mysteriovandam1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329982 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129201149/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329982 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Mysterio & RVD's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 15 |champion = The Basham Brothers<br />{{small|([[Danny Basham|Danny]] and [[Doug Basham]] )}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2005|1|11}}<ref name="05Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/titles/wwe/wwetagteam/|title=2005 WWE Results}}</ref> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=11|year1=2005|month2=02|day2=20|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|January 13, 2005|February 20, 2005}} |location = [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way tag team elimination match]] also involving the teams of [[Mark Jindrak]] and [[Luther Reigns]], and [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] and [[Eddie Guerrero]].<br>WWE lists the start of their reign on January 13, 2005, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="bashams2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329970 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050721035153/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329970 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-21 |title=Basham Brothers' second reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 16 |champion = [[Eddie Guerrero]] {{small|(4)}} and [[Rey Mysterio]] {{small|(3)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2005|2|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=20|year1=2005|month2=04|day2=18|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|February 20, 2005|April 21, 2005}} |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[No Way Out (2005)|No Way Out]] |notes = WWE lists the end of their reign on April 21, 2005, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="guerreromysterio1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329962 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050710080355/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329962 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-10 |title=Guerrero & Mysterio's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 17 |champion = [[MNM (professional wrestling)|MNM]]<br />{{small|([[Joey Mercury]] and [[John Morrison (wrestler)|Johnny Nitro]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2005|4|18}}<ref name="05Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=18|year1=2005|month2=07|day2=24|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|April 21, 2005|July 25, 2005}} |location = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on April 21, 2005, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. WWE also list the end of their reign on July 25, 2005. |ref = <ref name="mnm1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329952 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050702020001/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/329952 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-02 |title=MNM's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 18 |champion = [[The Road Warriors|The Legion of Doom]]<br />{{small|([[Road Warrior Animal|Animal]] and [[Jon Heidenreich|Heidenreich]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2005|7|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=24|year1=2005|month2=10|day2=25|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|July 25, 2005|October 28, 2005}} |location = [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |event = [[The Great American Bash (2005)|The Great American Bash]] |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on July 25, 2005, and the end on October 28, 2005, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="lod1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/3299521 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050727010833/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/3299521 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-27 |title=Animal & Heidenreich's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 19 |champion = [[MNM (professional wrestling)|MNM]]<br />{{small|([[Joey Mercury]] and [[John Morrison (wrestler)|Johnny Nitro]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2005|10|25}}<ref name="05Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=25|year1=2005|month2=12|day2=13|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|October 28, 2005|December 16, 2005}} |location = [[Daly City, California|Daly City, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way tag team match]], also involving [[The Mexicools]] ([[Super Crazy]] and [[Psicosis]]), and the team of [[Paul Burchill]] and [[William Regal]].<br>WWE lists the start of their reign on October 28, 2005, and the end on December 16, 2005. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="mnm2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/32995211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125112306/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/32995211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-25 |title=MNM's second reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 20 |champion = [[Dave Bautista|Batista]] and [[Rey Mysterio]] {{small|(4)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2005|12|13}}<ref name="05Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=13|year1=2005|month2=12|day2=27|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|December 16, 2005|December 30, 2005}} |location = [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield, MA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on December 16, 2005, and the end on December 30, 2005. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="batistamysterio1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/1806054 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219154008/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/1806054 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-19 |title=Batista & Mysterio's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 21 |champion = [[MNM (professional wrestling)|MNM]]<br />{{small|([[Joey Mercury]] and [[John Morrison (wrestler)|Johnny Nitro]])}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2005|12|27}}<ref name="05Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=27|year1=2005|month2=05|day2=21|year2=2006}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|December 30, 2005|May 21, 2006}} |location = [[Uncasville, Connecticut|Uncasville, CT]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on December 30, 2005, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="mnm3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/1871854 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106210124/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/1871854 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-06 |title=MNM's third reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 22 |champion = [[Brian Kendrick]] and [[Paul London]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2006|5|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=21|year1=2006|month2=04|day2=17|year2=2007}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|May 21, 2006|April 20, 2007}} |location = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix, AZ]] |event = [[Judgment Day (2006)|Judgment Day]] |notes = WWE lists the end of their reign on April 20, 2007, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="londonkendrick1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/18718541 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712034724/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/18718541 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-07-12 |title=London & Kendrick's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 23 |champion = [[Deuce (wrestler)|Deuce]] 'n [[Cliff Compton|Domino]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2007|4|17}}<ref name="07Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.angelfire.com/wrestling/cawthon777/07.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207224122/http://www.angelfire.com/wrestling/cawthon777/07.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-02-07 |title=2007 WWE Results }}</ref> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=17|year1=2007|month2=08|day2=28|year2=2007}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|April 20, 2007|August 31, 2007}} |location = [[Milan]], [[Italy]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on April 20, 2007, and the end on August 31, 2007. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="deucedomino">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/187185411 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518154642/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/187185411 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-05-18 |title=Deuce 'n Domino's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-21 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 24 |champion = [[Matt Hardy]] and [[Montel Vontavious Porter]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2007|8|28}}<ref name="07Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=28|year1=2007|month2=11|day2=13|year2=2007}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|August 31, 2007|November 16, 2007}} |location = [[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on August 31, 2007, and the end on November 16, 2007. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="mvphardy">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/1871854111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011021832/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/1871854111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-11 |title=Matt Hardy & MVP's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-21 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 25 |champion = [[John Morrison (wrestler)|John Morrison]] {{small|(4)}} and [[The Miz]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2007|11|13}}<ref name="07Results"/> |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=13|year1=2007|month2=07|day2=20|year2=2008}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|November 16, 2007|July 20, 2008}} |location = [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita, KS]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = The title was shared with the [[ECW (WWE brand)|ECW]] brand after SmackDown and ECW began a talent exchange agreement.<br>WWE lists the start of their reign on November 16, 2007, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="morrisonmiz">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20071116 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119123220/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20071116 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-11-19 |title=Morrison & Miz's first reign |accessdate=2007-04-21 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 26 |champion = [[Curt Hawkins]] [[Major Players|and]] [[Zack Ryder]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2008|7|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=20|year1=2008|month2=09|day2=21|year2=2008}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|July 20, 2008|September 26, 2008}} |location = [[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |event = [[The Great American Bash (2008)|The Great American Bash]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way tag team match]], also involving [[Jesse and Festus]], and the team of [[Dave Finlay|Finlay]] and [[Hornswoggle]].<br>WWE lists the start of their reign on September 26, 2008, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20080720 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724033049/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20080720 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-07-24 |title=Curt Hawkins & Zack Ryder's first reign |accessdate=2008-07-21 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 27 |champion = The Colóns<br/>{{small|([[Carly Colón|Carlito]] and [[Eddie Colón|Primo]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2008|9|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=21|year1=2008|month2=06|day2=28|year2=2009}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|September 26, 2008|June 28, 2009}} |location = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = On April 5, 2009, at [[WrestleMania XXV]], The Colóns [[Championship unification|made the Championship into one]] with the [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]]. The titles remained seperately active, but were defended together on any brand as the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship.<br>WWE lists the start of their reign on September 26, 2008, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/8161172 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930060640/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/8161172 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-09-30 |title=The Colóns' first reign |accessdate=2008-11-12 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 28 |champion = [[Chris Jericho]] and [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2009|6|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=28|year1=2009|month2=07|day2=26|year2=2009}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |event = [[WWE The Bash|The Bash]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat tag team match]], also involving [[The Legacy (professional wrestling)|The Legacy]] ([[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Ted DiBiase, Jr.|Ted DiBiase]]). |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/10663658 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211082422/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/10663658 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-02-11 |title=Edge & Chris Jericho's first reign |accessdate=2010-09-20 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 29 |champion = [[Jeri-Show]]<br>{{small|([[Big Show]] and [[Chris Jericho]] (2))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2009|7|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=26|year1=2009|month2=12|day2=13|year2=2009}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2009)|Night of Champions]] |notes = Shortly after [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] and Chris Jericho won the title, Edge suffered a torn [[Achilles tendon]], which required surgery and forced him to vacate his half of the championship. Jericho was allowed to keep his title and choose a new partner; he chose Big Show at Night of Champions. WWE lists this as a second reign for Jericho. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20090726WorldTagChamps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211090751/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20090726WorldTagChamps |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-02-11 |title=Chris Jericho & Big Show's first reign |accessdate=2010-09-20 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/wwe-most-title-wins-decorated-champions/page-14|title=Jericho title history|publisher=[[WWE]]|accessdate=2014-10-18|archive-date=2016-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605063938/http://www.wwe.com/inside/wwe-most-title-wins-decorated-champions/page-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 30 |champion = [[D-Generation X]]<br />{{small|([[Shawn Michaels]] and [[Triple H]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2009|12|13}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=13|year1=2009|month2=02|day2=08|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[San Antonio|San Antonio, TX]] |event = [[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2009)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20091213 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217082149/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20091213 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-12-17 |title=D-Generation X's first reign |accessdate=2009-12-14 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 31 |champion = [[ShoMiz]]<br>{{small|([[Big Show]] (2) and [[The Miz]] (2))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|02|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=08|year1=2010|month2=04|day2=26|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette, LA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat tag team elimination match]] also involving [[The Straight Edge Society]] ([[CM Punk]] and [[Luke Gallows]]). |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/2009121311 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217043625/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/2009121311 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-02-17 |title=ShoMiz's first reign |accessdate=2010-10-24 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 32 |champion = [[The Hart Dynasty]]<br />{{small|([[David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|04|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=26|year1=2010|month2=09|day2=19|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = The [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] was retired during their reign on August 16, 2010. "Unified" was removed from the name, but the WWE Tag Team Championship continued to be defended on any brand. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20091213111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100824061300/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20091213111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-08-24 |title=The Hart Dynasty's first reign |accessdate=2010-10-24 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 33 |champion = [[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Drew McIntyre]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|09|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=19|year1=2010|month2=10|day2=24|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2010)|Night of Champions]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|Tag Team Turmoil match]] also involving the teams of [[The Usos]] ([[Jimmy Uso|Jimmy]] and [[Jey Uso]]), [[Santino Marella]] and [[Vladimir Kozlov]], and [[Evan Bourne]] and [[Mark Henry]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/200912131111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132455/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/200912131111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-09-23 |title=Cody Rhodes and Drew McIntyre's first reign |accessdate=2010-10-24 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 34 |champion = [[The Nexus (professional wrestling)|The Nexus]]<br/>{{small|([[David Otunga]] and [[John Cena]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|10|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=24|year1=2010|month2=10|day2=25|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, MN]] |event = [[Bragging Rights (2010)|Bragging Rights]] |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20101024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028080933/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20101024 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-10-28 |title=Cena & Otunga's first reign |accessdate=2010-10-24 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 35 |champion = [[The Nexus (professional wrestling)|The Nexus]]<br/>{{small|([[Heath Slater]] and [[Justin Gabriel]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|10|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=25|year1=2010|month2=12|day2=06|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay, WI]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = [[Wade Barrett]] kept the title within Nexus, but took out [[John Cena]] by ordering [[David Otunga]] to lie down purposely for a pinfall. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20101025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029170253/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20101025 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-10-29 |title=Slater & Gabriel's first reign |accessdate=2010-10-27 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 36 |champion = [[Santino Marella]] and [[Vladimir Kozlov]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|12|06}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=06|year1=2010|month2=02|day2=20|year2=2011}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville, KY]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way tag team elimination match]], also involving the teams of [[Mark Henry]] and [[Yoshi Tatsu]], and [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20101206 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215045456/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20101206 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-12-15 |title=Marella & Kozlov's first reign |accessdate=2011-02-21 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 37 |champion = [[The Corre]]<br>{{small|([[Heath Slater]] and [[Justin Gabriel]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2011|02|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=20|year1=2011|month2=02|day2=21|year2=2011}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Oakland, California|Oakland, CA]] |event = [[Elimination Chamber (2011)|Elimination Chamber]] |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20110220 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228022716/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20110220 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-02-28 |title=Slater & Gabriel's second reign |accessdate=2011-02-22 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 38 |champion = [[John Cena]] {{small|(2)}} and [[The Miz]] {{small|(3)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|02|21}} |days = <1 |days2 = yes |location = [[Fresno, California|Fresno, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/201102211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226100652/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/201102211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-02-26 |title=Cena & David Otunga first reign |accessdate=2011-02-22 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 39 |champion = [[The Corre]]<br>{{small|([[Heath Slater]] and [[Justin Gabriel]])}} |date = {{dts|2011|02|21}} |location = [[Fresno, California|Fresno, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |reign = 3 |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=21|year1=2011|month2=04|day2=19|year2=2011}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|February 22, 2011|April 22, 2011}} |notes = WWE lists the end of their reign on April 22, 2011, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20110221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228042244/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/20110221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-02-28 |title=Slater & Gabriel's third reign |accessdate=2011-02-22 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 40 |champion = [[Big Show]] {{small|(3)}} and [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|04|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=4|day1=19|year1=2011|month2=5|day2=23|year2=2011}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|April 22, 2011|May 23, 2011}} |location = [[London]], [[England]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of their reign on April 22, 2011, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Kane and Big Show's first reign |url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25012257 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426032554/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25012257 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 April 2011 |publisher=[[WWE]] |accessdate=3 September 2011 }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 41 |champion = [[The Nexus (professional wrestling)|The New Nexus]]<br>{{small|([[David Otunga]] (2) and [[Curtis Axel|Michael McGillicutty]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|05|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=5|day1=23|year1=2011|month2=08|day2=22|year2=2011}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland, OR]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = Otunga and McGillicutty won the title under the name of The New Nexus, but the [[Stable (professional wrestling)|stable]] disbanded during their reign. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25017726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530010352/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25017726 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-05-30 |title=Otunga and McGillicutty's first reign |accessdate=2011-05-23 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 42 |champion = Air Boom<br>{{small|([[Matt Sydal|Evan Bourne]] and [[Kofi Kingston]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|08|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=22|year1=2011|month2=01|day2=15|year2=2012}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta|AB]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = On August 29, 2011, the [[WWE brand extension|brand extension]] ended.<br>On November 1, 2011, WWE suspended Bourne for 30 days. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25031157 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928114051/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25031157 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-09-28 |title=Air Boom's first reign |accessdate=2011-12-01 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 43 |champion = [[Eddie Colón|Primo]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Epico]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2012|01|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=15|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=30|year2=2012}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=14|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=30|year2=2012}} |location = [[Oakland, California|Oakland, CA]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25053473 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119072909/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/25053473 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-01-19 |title=Primo and Epico's first reign |accessdate=2012-01-16 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 44 |champion = [[Kofi Kingston]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2012|04|30}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=30|year1=2012|month2=09|day2=16|year2=2012}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/kofi-kingston-r-truth|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601223534/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/kofi-kingston-r-truth|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-06-01|title=Kingston and Truth's first reign|accessdate=2012-04-30|publisher=WWE}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 45 |champion = [[Team Hell No]]<br>{{small|([[Daniel Bryan]] and [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] (2))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2012|09|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=16|year1=2012|month2=05|day2=19|year2=2013}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=15|year1=2012|month2=05|day2=19|year2=2013}} |location = [[Boston|Boston, MA]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2012)|Night of Champions]] |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/09162012-daniel-bryan-kane |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920004617/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/09162012-daniel-bryan-kane |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-20 |title=Bryan and Kane's first reign |accessdate=2012-09-16 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 46 |champion = [[The Shield (professional wrestling)|The Shield]] <br>{{small|([[Roman Reigns]] and [[Seth Rollins]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2013|05|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=19|year1=2013|month2=10|day2=14|year2=2013}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=18|year1=2013|month2=10|day2=14|year2=2013}} |location = [[St. Louis|St. Louis, MO]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2013)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|Tornado Tag Team match]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/05192013-seth-rollins-roman-reigns |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607164228/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/05192013-seth-rollins-roman-reigns |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-07 |title=Seth Rollins and Roman Reigns' first reign |accessdate=2013-05-19 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 47 |champion = [[Cody Rhodes]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Goldust]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2013|10|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=14|year1=2013|month2=01|day2=26|year2=2014}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Louis|St. Louis, MO]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|No Disqualification match]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/10142013-cody-rhodes-goldust |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019035451/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/10142013-cody-rhodes-goldust |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-19 |title=Cody Rhodes and Goldust's first reign |accessdate=2013-10-14 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 48 |champion = [[The New Age Outlaws]] <br>{{small|([[Billy Gunn]] and [[Road Dogg]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2014|01|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=26|year1=2014|month2=03|day2=03|year2=2014}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=25|year1=2014|month2=03|day2=03|year2=2014}} |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[Royal Rumble (2014)|Royal Rumble]] |notes = The match aired live on WWE.com and [[YouTube]] as part of the Royal Rumble Kickoff show. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/the-new-age-outlaws|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502231026/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/the-new-age-outlaws|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-05-02|title=The New Age Outlaw's first reign|accessdate=2014-01-26|publisher=WWE}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 49 |champion = [[The Usos]] <br>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2014|03|03}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=03|year1=2014|month2=09|day2=21|year2=2014}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/the-usos|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601000051/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/the-usos|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 1, 2014|publisher=WWE|title=The Usos' first reign|accessdate=March 3, 2014}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 50 |champion = [[Goldust|Gold]] and [[Cody Rhodes|Stardust]] {{small|(3)}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2014|09|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=21|year1=2014|month2=11|day2=23|year2=2014}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=20|year1=2014|month2=11|day2=23|year2=2014}} |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2014)|Night of Champions]] |notes = Gold and Stardust were formerly known as Cody Rhodes and Goldust. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/gold-stardust|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042639/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/gold-stardust|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2014|publisher=WWE|title=Gold and Stardust's second reign|accessdate=September 21, 2014}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 51 |champion = [[Damien Sandow|Damien Mizdow]] and [[The Miz]] {{small|(4)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2014|11|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=23|year1=2014|month2=12|day2=29|year2=2014}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=22|year1=2014|month2=12|day2=29|year2=2014}} |location = [[St. Louis|St. Louis, MO]] |event = [[Survivor Series (2014)|Survivor Series]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way tag team match]], also involving Los Matadores ([[Eddie Colón|Diego]] and [[Epico|Fernando]]) and [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]). |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/20141123-the-miz-damien-mizdow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127150459/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/20141123-the-miz-damien-mizdow |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 27, 2014 |publisher=WWE |title=The Miz and Damien Mizdow's first reign |accessdate=November 23, 2014 }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 52 |champion = [[The Usos]]<br>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2014|12|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=29|year1=2014|month2=02|day2=22|year2=2015}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=28|year1=2014|month2=02|day2=22|year2=2015}} |location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/usos-december-2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225180336/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/usos-december-2014 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 25, 2015 |publisher=WWE |title=The Usos' second reign |accessdate=December 29, 2014 }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 53 |champion = [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] and [[Tyson Kidd]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2015|02|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=22|year1=2015|month2=04|day2=26|year2=2015}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, TN]] |event = [[Fastlane (2015)|Fastlane]] |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/tyson-kidd-cesaro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223062843/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/tyson-kidd-cesaro|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 23, 2015|publisher=WWE|title=Tyson Kidd and Cesaro's first reign|accessdate=February 22, 2015}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 54 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]] (3), and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2015|04|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=26|year1=2015|month2=06|day2=14|year2=2015}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=25|year1=2015|month2=06|day2=14|year2=2015}} |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2015)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = Big E and Kingston won the match, but Woods was also listed as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/kofi-kingston-big-e |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150427022820/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/kofi-kingston-big-e |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |publisher=WWE|title=The New Day's first reign|accessdate=April 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars|title=Superstars|publisher=WWE|accessdate=2015-04-29}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 55 |champion = [[The Prime Time Players]]<br>{{small|([[Darren Young]] and [[Titus O'Neil]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2015|06|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=14|year1=2015|month2=08|day2=23|year2=2015}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] |event = [[Money in the Bank (2015)|Money in the Bank]] |notes = [[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Xavier Woods]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/the-prime-time-players |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617212804/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/the-prime-time-players |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 17, 2015 |publisher=WWE |title=The Prime Time Players' first reign |accessdate=June 14, 2015 }}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 56 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]] (4), and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2015|08|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=23|year1=2015|month2=12|day2=18|year2=2016}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, NY]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2015)|SummerSlam]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way tag team match]] also involving [[The Lucha Dragons]] ([[Hunico|Sin Cara]] and [[Kalisto]]) and Los Matadores ([[Eddie Colón|Diego]] and [[Epico|Fernando]]).<br/>Big E and Kingston won the match, but Woods was also listeded as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]].<br>The [[WWE brand extension|brand extension]] returned and the title became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand following the [[2016 WWE draft]].<br/>The title was renamed the Raw Tag Team Championship on September 5, 2016, following the creation of the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team Championship]]. |ref = }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 57 |champion = [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Sheamus]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2016|12|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=18|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=29|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[Roadblock: End of the Line]] |notes = [[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Kofi Kingston]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref name="Roadblock: EOTL">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE Roadblock: End of the Line 2016 live review: Sasha Banks vs. Charlotte in an Iron Man match for the Raw Women’s Championship, Kevin Owens vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Title|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2016/12/18/powells-wwe-roadblock-end-of-the-line-2016-live-review-sasha-banks-vs-charlotte-in-an-iron-man-match-for-the-raw-womens-championship-kevin-owens-vs-roman-reigns-for-the-wwe-universal-title/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=December 18, 2016}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 58 |champion = [[Karl Anderson]] and [[Luke Gallows]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|01|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=29|year1=2017|month2=04|day2=02|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=28|year1=2017|month2=04|day2=02|year2=2017}} |location = [[San Antonio, TX]] |event = [[Royal Rumble (2017)|Royal Rumble]] |notes = The match aired live on [[WWE Network]] and [[YouTube]] as part of the Royal Rumble Kickoff show.<br>Two [[Referee (professional wrestling)|referees]] were assigned to the match. |ref = <ref name="preRR2017">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=1/29 Powell’s WWE Royal Rumble Kickoff Show coverage – Cesaro and Sheamus vs. Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson for the Raw Tag Titles, Sasha Banks vs. Nia Jax, six-woman tag match|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/01/29/129-powells-wwe-royal-rumble-kickoff-show-coverage-cesaro-sheamus-vs-luke-gallows-karl-anderson-raw-tag-titles-sasha-banks-vs-nia-jax/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=January 29, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 59 |champion = [[The Hardy Boyz]]<br/>{{small|([[Jeff Hardy|Jeff]] and [[Matt Hardy]] (2))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|04|02}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=2017|month2=06|day2=04|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=01|year1=2017|month2=06|day2=04|year2=2017}} |location = [[Orlando, FL]] |event = [[WrestleMania 33]] |notes = This match was supposed to be a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat]] [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]] also involving [[Enzo Amore]] and [[W. Morissey|Big Cass]], and [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] and [[Sheamus]]. As the match was going to begin, however, event hosts [[The New Day]] announced that the match would be a fatal four-way [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|ladder match]] with the returning Hardy Boyz. |ref = <ref name="WM33">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell’s WrestleMania 33 live review: Undertaker vs. Roman Reigns, Goldberg vs. Brock Lesnar for the WWE Universal Championship, AJ Styles vs. Shane McMahon, Seth Rollins vs. Triple H in an unsanctioned match|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/04/02/powells-wrestlemania-33-live-review-undertaker-vs-roman-reigns-goldberg-vs-brock-lesnar-wwe-universal-championship-aj-styles-vs-shane-mcmahon-seth-rollins-vs-triple-h/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=April 2, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 60 |champion = [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] {{small|(3)}} and [[Sheamus]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2017|06|04}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=04|year1=2017|month2=08|day2=20|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Baltimore, MD]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2017)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Steel Cage match|Steel Cage match]]. |ref = <ref name="ER2017">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=6/4 Powell’s WWE Extreme Rules Live Review: Finn Balor vs. Samoa Joe vs. Bray Wyatt vs. Roman Reigns vs. Seth Rollins in a five-way to become No. 1 contender to the WWE Universal Championship, The Hardys vs. Sheamus and Cesaro in a cage match for the Raw Tag Titles|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/06/04/64-powells-wwe-extreme-rules-live-review-finn-balor-vs-samoa-joe-vs-bray-wyatt-vs-roman-reigns-vs-seth-rollins-five-way-become-no-1-contender-wwe-universal-championshi/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=June 4, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 61 |champion = <!--As per the official title's history, they are NOT recognized as "The Shield" for this reign.-->[[Jon Moxley|Dean Ambrose]] and [[Seth Rollins]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|08|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=20|year1=2017|month2=11|day2=6|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=19|year1=2017|month2=11|day2=6|year2=2017}} |location = [[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, NY]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2017)|SummerSlam]] |ref = <ref name="SSlam2017">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE SummerSlam 2017 live review: Brock Lesnar vs. Braun Strowman vs. Samoa Joe vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Championship, Jinder Mahal vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, Sheamus and Cesaro vs. Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins for the Raw Tag Titles|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/08/20/powells-wwe-summerslam-2017-live-review-brock-lesnar-vs-braun-strowman-vs-samoa-joe-vs-roman-reigns-wwe-universal-championship-jinder-mahal-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-wwe-champio/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|accessdate=August 20, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 62 |champion = [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] {{small|(4)}} and [[Sheamus]] {{small|(3)}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2017|11|6}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=6|year1=2017|month2=12|day2=25|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Manchester]], [[England]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Breaking: New champions crowned at Raw in U.K.|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/article/new-champions-raw-united-kingdom?sf149133034=1|work=WWE|accessdate=November 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Raw11062017">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|title=KELLER’S WWE RAW REPORT 11/6: Miz TV with Kurt Angle, more Survivor Series developments, Under Siege continues, Tag Team Title match|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/11/06/kellers-wwe-raw-report-116-miz-tv-kurt-angle-survivor-series-developments-siege-continues-tag-team-title-match/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|accessdate=November 6, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 63 |champion = [[Jason Jordan]] and [[Seth Rollins]] {{small|(3)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|12|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=25|year1=2017|month2=1|day2=28|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref name="Raw12252017">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=12/25 Powell’s WWE Raw Live TV Review: John Cena returns on the Christmas edition, Roman Reigns vs. Samoa Joe for the Intercontinental Title, Sheamus and Cesaro vs. Seth Rollins and Jason Jordan for the Raw Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/12/25/12-25-powells-wwe-raw-live-tv-review-john-cena-returns-christmas-edition/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|accessdate=December 25, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 64 |champion = [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] {{small|(5)}} and [[Sheamus]] {{small|(4)}} |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|2018|1|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=1|day1=28|year1=2018|month2=04|day2=08|year2=2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=1|day1=27|year1=2018|month2=04|day2=08|year2=2018}} |location = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = [[Royal Rumble (2018)|Royal Rumble]] |ref = <ref name="RR2018">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Royal Rumble 2018 live review: Men’s and Women’s Royal Rumble matches, Brock Lesnar vs. Braun Strowman vs. Kane for the WWE Universal Championship, AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/01/28/wwe-royal-rumble-2018-live-review-mens-womens-royal-rumble-matches-brock-lesnar-vs-braun-strowman-vs-kane-wwe-universal-championship-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-sami-zayn-han/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|accessdate=January 28, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 65 |champion = [[Braun Strowman]] and Nicholas |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|04|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=08|year1=2018|month2=04|day2=09|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[New Orleans, LA]] |event = [[WrestleMania 34]] |notes = Strowman was forced to find a partner for the match and chose Nicholas, a 10-year old boy from the live audience (and actual son of WWE referee [[John Cone]]). This makes Nicholas the youngest person to win any Championship in WWE. |ref = <ref name="WM34">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell’s WrestleMania 34 live review: AJ Styles vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Championship, Charlotte Flair vs. Asuka for the Smackdown Women’s Championship, Ronda Rousey and Kurt Angle vs. Triple H and Stephanie McMahon|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/08/powells-wrestlemania-34-live-review-aj-styles-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-wwe-championship-brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-charlotte-flair-vs-as/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=April 8, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |sort number = 65.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2018|04|09}} |location = [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana|LA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = [[Braun Strowman]] and Nicholas gave up the titles because of "scheduling conflicts" with Nicholas being a fourth-grader and needing to attend school. |ref = <ref name="Raw04092018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Raw Live TV Review: The Night After WrestleMania 34 edition|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/09/wwe-raw-live-tv-review-the-night-after-wrestlemania-34-edition/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=April 9, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 66 |champion = [[Bray Wyatt]] and [[Matt Hardy]] {{small|(3)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|04|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=27|year1=2018|month2=07|day2=15|year2=2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=26|year1=2018|month2=07|day2=15|year2=2018}} |location = [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |event = [[WWE Greatest Royal Rumble|Greatest Royal Rumble]] |notes = Defeated [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] and [[Sheamus]] to win the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="GreatestRR">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE Greatest Royal Rumble live review: 50-man Royal Rumble match, Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns in a cage match for the WWE Universal Championship, AJ Styles vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, John Cena vs. Triple H, Undertaker vs. Rusev in a casket match|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/27/powells-wwe-greatest-royal-rumble-live-review-50-man-royal-rumble-match-brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-in-a-cage-match-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-aj-styles-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-ww/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=April 27, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 67 |champion = The B-Team<br/>{{small|([[Bo Dallas]] and [[Curtis Axel]] {{small|(2)}})}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|07|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=15|year1=2018|month2=09|day2=03|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2018)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = Curtis Axel was formerly known as Michael McGillicutty. |ref = <ref name="ER2018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE Extreme Rules live review: Roman Reigns vs. Bobby Lashley, AJ Styles vs. Rusev vs. for the WWE Championship, Dolph Ziggler vs. Seth Rollins in a 30-minute Iron Man match for the IC Title, Bludgeon Brothers vs. Team Hell No for the Smackdown Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/07/15/powells-wwe-extreme-rules-live-review-roman-reigns-vs-bobby-lashley-aj-styles-vs-rusev-vs-for-the-wwe-championship-dolph-ziggler-vs-seth-rollins-in-a-30-minute-iron-man-match-for-the-ic-title/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=July 15, 2017}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 68 |champion = [[Dolph Ziggler]] and [[Drew McIntyre]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|09|03}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=03|year1=2018|month2=10|day2=22|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Columbus, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw09032018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=9/3 Powell’s WWE Raw Live TV Review: Labor Day edition with Shawn Michaels on the last Undertaker vs. Triple H match, The Bellas vs. Riott Squad, B-Team vs. The Revival for the Raw Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/09/03/9-3-powells-wwe-raw-live-tv-review-labor-day-edition-with-shawn-michaels-on-the-last-undertaker-vs-triple-h-match-the-bellas-vs-riott-squad-b-team-vs-the-revival-for-the-raw-tag-titles/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=September 3, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 69 |champion = <!--As per the official title's history, they are NOT recognized as "The Shield" for this reign.-->[[Dean Ambrose]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Seth Rollins]] {{small|(4)}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2018|10|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=22|year1=2018|month2=11|day2=05|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Providence, RI]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw10222018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=10/22 Powell’s WWE Raw Live TV Review: Roman Reigns announces he has leukemia, forfeits the WWE Universal Championship, Drew McIntyre and Dolph Ziggler vs. Seth Rollins and Dean Ambrose for the Raw Tag Titles, Ronda Rousey and Nikki Bella contract signing for WWE Evolution, Triple H and Shawn Michaels appear|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/10/22/10-22-powells-wwe-raw-live-tv-review-drew-mcintyre-and-dolph-ziggler-vs-seth-rollins-and-dean-ambrose-for-the-raw-tag-titles-ronda-rousey-and-nikki-bella-contract-signing-for-wwe-evolution/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=October 22, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 70 |champion = [[The Authors of Pain|AOP]]<br/>{{small|([[Akam]] and [[Rezar]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|11|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=05|year1=2018|month2=12|day2=10|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Manchester]], [[England]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = AOP defeated [[Seth Rollins]] in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|2-on-1 handicap match]] after he was forced to defend the titles alone by Raw's General Manager [[Baron Corbin]]. |ref = <ref name="Raw11052018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=11/05 Powell’s WWE Raw Live TV Review: Survivor Series developments, Raw Tag Title match, Riott Squad vs. Sasha Banks, Bayley, and Natalya, Dolph Ziggler vs. Elias, Nia Jax vs. Ember Moon, Bobby Lashley vs. Finn Balor|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/11/05/11-05-powells-wwe-raw-live-tv-review-survivor-series-developments-raw-tag-title-match-riott-squad-vs-sasha-banks-bayley-and-natalya-dolph-ziggler-vs-elias-nia-jax-vs-ember-moon-bobby-lash/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=November 5, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 71 |champion = [[Bobby Roode]] and [[Chad Gable]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|12|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=10|year1=2018|day2=11|month2=2|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[San Diego, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|2-on-3 handicap match]] also involving [[The Authors of Pain|AOP]]'s manager, [[Drake Maverick]]. Roode pinned Maverick to win AOP's titles. |ref = <ref name="Raw12102018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=12/10 Powell’s WWE Raw Live TV Review: Seth Rollins on Dean Ambrose and the state of Raw, Alexa Bliss hosts a Ronda Rousey and Nia Jax press conference, final hype for WWE TLC|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/12/10/12-10-powells-wwe-raw-live-tv-review-seth-rollins-on-dean-ambrose-and-the-state-of-raw-alexa-bliss-hosts-a-ronda-rousey-and-nia-jax-press-conference-final-hype-for-wwe-tlc/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|accessdate=December 10, 2018}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 72 |champion = [[FTR (professional wrestling)|The Revival]]<br>{{small|([[Dax Harwood|Scott Dawson]] and [[Cash Wheeler|Dash Wilder]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|2|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=2|day1=11|year1=2019|day2=7|month2=4|year2=2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=2|day1=11|year1=2019|day2=6|month2=4|year2=2019}} |location = [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids, MI]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref name="Raw02112019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=2/11 Powell's WWE Raw TV Review: Becky Lynch invited by the McMahon family, Seth Rollins responds to Brock Lesnar's attack, Kurt Angle's future, final Raw hype for the Elimination Chamber|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/02/11/2-11-powells-wwe-raw-tv-review-becky-lynch-invited-by-the-mcmahon-family-seth-rollins-responds-to-brock-lesnars-attack-kurt-angles-future-final-raw-hype-for-the-elimination-chamber/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=February 11, 2019|access-date=February 12, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 73 |champion = [[Curt Hawkins]] [[Major Players|and]] [[Zack Ryder]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|4|7}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=4|day1=7|year1=2019|month2=6|day2=10|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |event = [[WrestleMania 35]] |notes = The match aired live on [[WWE Network]] and [[YouTube]] as part of the WrestleMania 35 Kickoff show |ref = <ref name="preWM35">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 35 Kickoff Show results: Powell's live review of the Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, WWE Women's Battle Royal, Buddy Murphy vs. Tony Nese for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/04/07/wrestlemania-35-kickoff-show-results-powells-live-review-of-the-andre-the-giant-memorial-battle-royal-wwe-womens-battle-royal-buddy-murphy-vs-tony-nese-for-the-wwe-cruiserweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 7, 2019|access-date=April 7, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 74 |champion = [[FTR (professional wrestling)|The Revival]]<br>{{small|([[Dax Harwood|Scott Dawson]] and [[Cash Wheeler|Dash Wilder]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|06|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=10|year1=2019|month2=07|day2=29|year2=2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=10|year1=2019|month2=07|day2=28|year2=2019}} |location = [[San Jose, California|San Jose, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Triple threat match|triple threat tag team match]], also involving [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]). |ref = <ref name="Raw06102019">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/06/10/6-10-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-zack-ryder-and-curt-hawkins-vs-the-revival-vs-the-usos-for-the-raw-tag-titles-lars-sullivan-vs-lucha-house-part-in-a-handicap-match-shane-mcmahon-and-dre|title=6/10 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of Zack Ryder and Curt Hawkins vs. The Revival vs. The Usos for the Raw Tag Titles, Lars Sullivan vs. Lucha House Part in a handicap match, Shane McMahon and Drew McIntyre celebration, Samoa Joe on Miz TV|date=June 10, 2019|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=June 11, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 75 |champion = [[The O.C. (professional wrestling)|The O.C.]]<br/>{{small|([[Luke Gallows]] and [[Karl Anderson]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|07|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=29|year1=2019|month2=08|day2=19|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock, AR]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat tag team match]], also involving [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]), who the O.C. pinned. |ref = <ref name="Raw07292019">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/07/29/7-29-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-the-revival-vs-the-usos-vs-luke-gallows-and-karl-anderson-for-the-raw-tag-titles-ricochet-vs-rey-mysterio-vs-cesaro-vs-sami-zayn-vs-andrade-in-a-gauntl/|title=7/29 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of The Revival vs. The Usos vs. Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson for the Raw Tag Titles, Ricochet vs. Rey Mysterio vs. Cesaro vs. Sami Zayn vs. Andrade in a gauntlet match for a U.S. Title match at SummerSlam, Seth Rollins vs. Dolph Ziggler|date=July 29, 2019|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=July 29, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 76 |champion = [[Braun Strowman]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Seth Rollins]] {{small|(5)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|08|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=19|year1=2019|month2=09|day2=15|year2=2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=20|year1=2019|month2=09|day2=15|year2=2019}} |location = [[St. Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul, MN]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref name="Raw08192019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=8/19 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of AJ Styles vs. Braun Strowman for the U.S. Championship, and Cesaro vs. Samoa Joe and Cedric Alexander vs. Sami Zayn in first round King of the Ring tournament matches|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/08/19/8-19-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-aj-styles-vs-braun-strowman-for-the-u-s-championship-and-cesaro-vs-samoa-joe-and-cedric-alexander-vs-sami-zayn-in-first-round-king-of-the-ring-tournament/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=August 19, 2019|date=August 19, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 77 |champion = [[Dolph Ziggler]] {{small|(2)}} and [[Bobby Roode|Robert Roode]] {{small|(2)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|09|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=15|year1=2019|month2=10|day2=14|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[Clash of Champions (2019)|Clash of Champions]] |notes = Robert Roode was formerly known as Bobby Roode. |ref = <ref name="COC2019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Clash of Champions results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins vs. Braun Strowman for the WWE Universal Championship, Kofi Kingston vs. Randy Orton for the WWE Championship, Becky Lynch vs. Sasha Banks for the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/09/15/wwe-clash-of-champions-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-braun-strowman-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-kofi-kingston-vs-randy-orton-for-the-wwe-championship-becky-lynch-vs-sas/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=September 15, 2019|date=September 15, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 78 |champion = [[The Viking Raiders]]<br/>{{small|([[Erik (wrestler)|Erik]] and [[Ivar (wrestler)|Ivar]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|10|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=14|year1=2019|month2=1|day2=20|year2=2020}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Denver, CO]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref name="Raw10142019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=10/14 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of the WWE Draft night two, Becky Lynch vs. Charlotte Flair to determine which brand gets the first pick, Braun Strowman and Tyson Fury contract signing, Robert Roode and Dolph Ziggler vs. The Viking Raiders for the Raw Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/10/14/10-14-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-the-wwe-draft-night-two-becky-lynch-vs-charlotte-flair-to-determine-which-brand-gets-the-first-pick-braun-strowman-and-tyson-fury-contract-signing-robert/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 14, 2019|access-date=October 14, 2019}}</ref> }} {{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 79 |champion = [[Buddy Murphy]] and [[Seth Rollins]]{{small|(6)}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2020|01|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=20|year1=2020|month2=03|day2=02|year2=2020}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=20|year1=2020|month2=03|day2=01|year2=2020}} |location = [[Wichita, KS]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = Buddy Murphy's name was made shorter to Murphy on February 7, 2020. |ref = <ref name="Raw01202020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=01/20 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of Andrade vs. Rey Mysterio in a ladder match for the U.S. Championship, Rusev and Liv Morgan vs. Bobby Lashley and Lana, WWE Champion Brock Lesnar, Royal Rumble developments|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/01/20/01-20-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-andrade-vs-rey-mysterio-in-a-ladder-match-for-the-u-s-championship-rusev-and-liv-morgan-vs-bobby-lashley-and-lana-wwe-champion-brock-lesnar-royal/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=January 20, 2020|access-date=January 20, 2020}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 80 |champion = [[The Street Profits]]<br/>{{small|([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2020|03|02}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=02|year1=2020|month2=10|day2=12|year2=2020}} |days2 = 223 |location = [[Brooklyn, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Stipulation matches|Last Chance match]]. |ref = <ref name="Raw03022020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=3/2 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of Aleister Black vs. AJ Styles, Seth Rollins and Murphy vs. The Street Profits for the Raw Tag Titles, Beth Phoenix provides an Edge update, Shayna Baszler vs. Kairi Sane, Rey Mysterio and Humberto Carrillo vs. Andrade and Angel Garza|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/03/02/3-2-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-aleister-black-vs-aj-styles-seth-rollins-and-murphy-vs-the-street-profits-for-the-raw-tag-titles-beth-phoenix-provides-an-edge-update-shayna-baszler-vs-k/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=March 2, 2020|access-date=March 2, 2020}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 81 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br/>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] (5) and [[Xavier Woods]] (3))}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2020|10|12}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=12|year1=2020|month2=12|day2=20|year2=2020}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Orlando, FL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = As a result of the [[2020 WWE Draft]], [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team Champions]] The New Day were drafted to [[WWE Raw|Raw]] while [[The Street Profits]] ([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]]) were drafted to [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]. To keep thec hampionships on their brands, WWE official [[Adam Pearce]] had the two teams trade championships. Also as a result of the 2020 draft, [[Big E Langston|Big E]] was split from The New Day; the three previously all reigned as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/10/12/10-12-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-2020-wwe-draft-night-two-dual-brand-battle-royal-for-a-shot-at-the-raw-womens-championship-kevin-owens-vs-aleister-black-in-a-no-dq-match/|title=10/12 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of the 2020 WWE Draft night two, Dual-Brand Battle Royal for a shot at the Raw Women's Championship, Kevin Owens vs. Aleister Black in a No DQ match, Seth Rollins says farewell to Raw, Mustafa Ali's first promo as Retribution's leader|first=Jason|last=Powell|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 12, 2020|access-date=October 13, 2020}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 82 |champion = [[The Hurt Business]]<br/>{{small|([[Cedric Alexander]] and [[Shelton Benjamin]] (3))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2020|12|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=20|year1=2020|month2=3|day2=15|year2=2021}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=20|year1=2020|month2=3|day2=14|year2=2021}} |location = [[St. Petersburg, FL]] |event = [[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2020)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] |ref = <ref name="TLC2020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE TLC results: Powell's review of Roman Reigns vs. Kevin Owens in a TLC match for the WWE Universal Championship, Drew McIntyre vs. AJ Styles in a TLC match for the WWE Championship, The Fiend vs. Randy Orton in a Firefly Inferno Match|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/12/20/wwe-tlc-results-powells-review-of-roman-reigns-vs-kevin-owens-in-a-tlc-match-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-drew-mcintyre-vs-aj-styles-in-a-tlc-match-for-the-wwe-championship-the-fiend-vs/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=December 20, 2020|access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 83 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br/>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] (6) and [[Xavier Woods]] (4))}} |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|2021|3|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=3|day1=15|year1=2021|month2=4|day2=10|year2=2021}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Petersburg, FL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref name="Raw03152021">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/03/15/3-15-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-cedric-alexander-and-shelton-benjamin-vs-kofi-kingston-and-xavier-woods-for-the-raw-tag-titles-riddle-vs-mustafa-ali-for-the-u-s-title-raw-womens-cha/|title=3/15 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review Cedric Alexander and Shelton Benjamin vs. Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods for the Raw Tag Titles, Riddle vs. Mustafa Ali for the U.S. Title, Raw Women's Champion Asuka vs. Shayna Baszler in a non-title match|date=March 15, 2021|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=March 15, 2021}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 84 |champion = [[A.J. Styles|AJ Styles]] and [[Omos]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2021|4|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=4|day1=10|year1=2021|month2=8|day2=21|year2=2021}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=4|day1=10|year1=2021|month2=8|day2=20|year2=2021}} |location = [[Tampa, FL]] |event = [[WrestleMania 37]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |ref = <ref name="WM37N1">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WrestleMania 37 results: Powell's live review of night one featuring Sasha Banks vs. Bianca Belair for the Smackdown Women's Championship, Bobby Lashley vs. Drew McIntyre for the WWE Championship, Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods vs. AJ Styles and Omos for the Raw Tag Titles, Bad Bunny and Damian Priest vs The Miz and John Morrison|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/04/10/wrestlemania-37-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-featuring-sasha-banks-vs-bianca-belair-for-the-smackdown-womens-championship-bobby-lashley-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-wwe-championship-k/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 10, 2021|access-date=April 10, 2021}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 85 |champion = [[RK-Bro]]<br>{{small|([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2021|8|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=8|day1=21|year1=2021|month2=1|day2=10|year2=2022}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Paradise, NV]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2021)|SummerSlam]] |ref = <ref name="SSlam2021">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE SummerSlam results: Powell's review of Roman Reigns vs. John Cena for the WWE Universal Championship, Bianca Belair vs. Sasha Banks for the Smackdown Women's Championship, Bobby Lashley vs. Goldberg for the WWE Championship, Edge vs. Seth Rollins, Nikki ASH vs. Charlotte Flair vs. Rhea Ripley for the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/08/21/wwe-summerslam-results-powells-review-of-roman-reigns-vs-john-cena-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-bianca-belair-vs-sasha-banks-for-the-smackdown-womens-championship-bobby-lashley-vs-gold/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=August 21, 2021|access-date=August 21, 2021}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 86 |champion = [[Alpha Academy]]<br>{{small|([[Chad Gable]] and [[Otis (wrestler)|Otis]])}} |reign = 1<br>{{small|(2, 1)}} |date = {{dts|2022|01|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=10|year1=2022|month2=03|day2=07|year2=2022}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw01102022">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/01/10/1-10-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-wwe-champion-brock-lesnar-and-bobby-lashley-meeting-face-to-face-randy-orton-and-riddle-vs-chad-gable-and-otis-for-the-raw-tag-titles-bianca-belair-vs/|title=1/10 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of WWE Champion Brock Lesnar and Bobby Lashley meeting face to face, Randy Orton and Riddle vs. Chad Gable and Otis for the Raw Tag Titles, Bianca Belair vs. Doudrop vs. Liv Morgan for a shot at the Raw Women's Championship at the Royal Rumble, Alexa Bliss's journey back to Raw|date=January 10, 2022|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 87 |champion = [[RK-Bro]]<br>{{small|([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2022|03|07}} |days = {{age in days|2022|03|07|2022|05|20}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Cleveland, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|tag team match]], also involving [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]] and [[Kevin Owens]]. |ref = <ref name="Raw03072022">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/03/07/3-7-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-chad-gable-and-otis-vs-randy-orton-and-riddle-vs-seth-rollins-and-kevin-owens-in-a-triple-threat-for-the-raw-tag-titles-edge-explains-his-attack-o/|title=3/7 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of Chad Gable and Otis vs. Randy Orton and Riddle vs. Seth Rollins and Kevin Owens in a Triple Threat for the Raw Tag Titles, Edge explains his attack on AJ Styles, Jerry Lawler appears, Logan Paul and Miz hold a Homecoming Party|date=March 7, 2022|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=March 7, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 88 |champion = [[The Usos]] <br/>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2022|05|20}} |days = {{age in days|May 20, 2022|April 1, 2023}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Grand Rapids, MI]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|Winners Take All match]] which was also for The Usos' [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]]. The Usos were then listed as the [[Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions]]. During this reign in January 2023, [[Sami Zayn]] also defended the title once in Jimmy's place but was not listed as champion.<br>WWE's official title history mistakenly lists the end of their reign on April 2, 2023. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown05202022">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/05/20/5-20-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-barnetts-review-of-smackdown-tag-team-champions-jimmy-uso-and-jey-uso-vs-raw-tag-team-champions-rk-bro-randy-orton-and-riddle-in-a-unifica/|title=5/20 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Barnett's review of Smackdown Tag Team Champions Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso vs. Raw Tag Team Champions "RK-Bro" Randy Orton and Riddle in a unification match, Shinsuke Nakamura vs. Sami Zayn, Xavier Woods vs. Butch|date=May 20, 2022|last=Barnett|first=Jake|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=May 20, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 89 |champion = [[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2023|04|01}} |days = {{age in days|April 1, 2023|September 2, 2023}} |days2 = {{age in days|April 2, 2023|September 2, 2023}} |location = [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood, CA]] |event = [[WrestleMania 39]]<br/>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = This match was also for [[The Usos]]' ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]].<br>WWE's official title history mistakenly lists the start of their reign on April 2, 2023. |ref = <ref name="WM39N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 39 results: Powell's live review of night one with Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso vs. Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn for the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Titles, Charlotte Flair vs. Rhea Ripley for the Smackdown Women's Title, Austin Theory vs. John Cena for the U.S. Title, Rey Mysterio vs. Dominik Mysterio, Seth Rollins vs. Logan Paul|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/04/01/wrestlemania-39-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-jimmy-uso-and-jey-uso-vs-kevin-owens-and-sami-zayn-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-team-titles-charlotte-flair-vs-rhea-ripley-for-the-sma/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 1, 2023|access-date=April 1, 2023}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 90 |champion = [[The Judgment Day]]<br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2023|09|02}} |days = {{age in days|September 2, 2023|October 7, 2023}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[Payback (2023)|Payback]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Steel City Street Fight]] that was also for [[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]]'s [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]]. |ref = <ref name="Payback2023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Payback results: Powell's review of Seth Rollins vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the World Heavyweight Title, Rhea Ripley vs. Raquel Rodriguez for the Women's World Title, LA Knight vs. The Miz|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/09/02/wwe-payback-results-powells-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-world-heavyweight-title-rhea-ripley-vs-raquel-rodriguez-for-the-womens-world-title-la-knight-vs-the-miz/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=September 2, 2023|access-date=September 2, 2023}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 91 |champion = [[Cody Rhodes]] {{small|(4)}} and [[Jey Uso]] {{small|(4)}} |reign = 1< |date = {{dts|2023|10|07}} |days = {{age in days|October 7, 2023|October 16, 2023}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Indianapolis, IN]] |event = [[Fastlane (2023)|Fastlane]] |notes = This match was also for [[The Judgment Day]]'s ([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]]) [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]]. |ref = <ref name="Fastlane2023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Fastlane results: Powell's review of Seth Rollins vs. Shinsuke Nakamura in a Last Man Standing match for the World Heavyweight Title, John Cena and LA Knight vs. Solo Sikoa and Jimmy Uso|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/10/07/wwe-fastlane-results-powells-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-in-a-last-man-standing-match-for-the-world-heavyweight-title-john-cena-and-la-knight-vs-solo-sikoa-and-jimmy-uso/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 7, 2023|access-date=October 7, 2023}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 92 |champion = [[The Judgment Day]]<br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2023|10|16}} |days = {{age in days|October 16, 2023|April 6, 2024}} |days2 = {{age in days|October 17, 2023|April 6, 2024}} |location = [[Oklahoma City, OK]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This match was also for [[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Jey Uso]]'s [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]]. |ref = <ref name="Raw10162023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Raw results (10/16): Powell's live review of the season premiere, Cody Rhodes and Jey Uso vs. Damian Priest and Finn Balor for the Undisputed WWE Tag Titles, Gunther vs. Bronson Reed for the IC Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/10/16/wwe-raw-results-10-16-powells-live-review-of-the-season-premiere-cody-rhodes-and-jey-uso-vs-damian-priest-and-finn-balor-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-titles-gunther-vs-bronson-reed-for-the/|date=October 16, 2023|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=October 16, 2023}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 93 |champion = [[The Awesome Truth]]<br>{{small|([[The Miz]] (5) and [[R-Truth]] (2))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 6 ,2024}} |days = {{age in days|April 6, 2024|June 24, 2024}} |days2 = {{age in days|April 6, 2024|June 24, 2024}} |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = [[WrestleMania XL]]<br/>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Six-Pack Tag Team Ladder match]] that was also for the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team Championship]] and also involved A-Town Down Under ([[Austin Theory]] and [[Grayson Waller]]), [[DIY (professional wrestling)|#DIY]] ([[Johnny Gargano]] and [[Tommaso Ciampa]]), [[The New Day]] ([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]]), and New Catch Republic ([[Pete Dunne]] and [[Tyler Bate]]). Both titles were competed for separately. On April 15, 2024, the Raw Tag Team Championship was renamed the World Tag Team Championship. |ref = <ref name="WM40N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania XL results: Powell’s live review of night one with The Rock and Roman Reigns vs. Seth Rollins and Cody Rhodes, Rhea Ripley vs. Becky Lynch for the Women’s World Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/06/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-the-rock-and-roman-reigns-vs-seth-rollins-and-cody-rhodes-rhea-ripley-vs-becky-lynch-for-the-womens-world-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 6, 2024|access-date=April 6, 2024}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 94 |champion = [[The Judgment Day]]<br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] (3) and [[JD McDonagh]] (1))}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|June 24, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|June 24, 2024|December 16, 2024}} |days2 = {{age in days|June 24, 2024|December 16, 2024}} |location = [[Indianapolis, IN]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw06242024">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/06/24/wwe-raw-results-6-24-powells-live-review-of-wyatt-sicks-follow-up-bron-breakker-vs-ludwig-kaiser-triple-threat-qualifiers-for-the-money-in-the-bank-ladder-matches/|title=WWE Raw results (6/24): Powell's live review of Wyatt Sicks follow-up, Bron Breakker vs. Ludwig Kaiser, Triple Threat qualifiers for the Money in the Bank ladder matches|date=June 24, 2024|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=June 24, 2024}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 95 |champion = [[The War Raiders]]<br>{{small|([[Erik (wrestler)|Erik]] and [[Ivar (wrestler)|Ivar]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|December 16, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|December 16, 2024|April 29, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boston|Boston, MA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = Previously known as The Viking Raiders. |ref = <ref name="Raw12162024">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/16/wwe-raw-results-12-16-powells-live-review-of-bron-breakker-vs-ludwig-kaiser-for-the-intercontinental-title-finn-balor-and-jd-mcdonagh-vs-the-war-raiders-for-the-world-tag-team-titles/|title=WWE Raw results (12/16): Powell's live review of Bron Breakker vs. Ludwig Kaiser for the Intercontinental Title, Finn Balor and JD McDonagh vs. The War Raiders for the World Tag Team Titles|date=December 16, 2024|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=December 16, 2024}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 96 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br/>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 5<br>{{small|(7, 5)}} |date = {{dts|April 19, 2025}} |days = {{age in days|April 19, 2025|June 30, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Paradise, NV]] |event = [[WrestleMania 41]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = |ref = <ref name="WM41N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 41 results: Powell's live review of night one with Roman Reigns vs. CM Punk vs. Seth Rollins, Gunther vs. Jey Uso for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/wrestlemania-41-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-roman-reigns-vs-cm-punk-vs-seth-rollins-gunther-vs-jey-uso-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 19, 2025|access-date=April 19, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign| |number = 97 |champion = [[The Judgment Day]]<br/>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[JD McDonagh]])}} |reign = 2<br>{{small|(4, 2)}} |date = {{dts|June 30, 2025}} |days = {{age in days|June 30, 2025|October 20, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw06302025">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Raw results (6/30): Powell’s live review of New Day vs. Finn Balor and JD McDonagh for the World Tag Team Titles, Rusev vs. Sheamus|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/06/30/wwe-raw-results-6-30-powells-live-review-of-new-day-vs-finn-balor-and-jd-mcdonagh-for-the-world-tag-team-titles-rusev-vs-sheamus/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=June 30, 2025|access-date=June 30, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign| |number = 98 |champion = [[AJ Styles]] and [[Dragon Lee (wrestler, born 1995)|Dragon Lee]] |reign = 1<br>{{small|(2, 1)}} |date = {{dts|October 20, 2025}} |days = {{age in days|October 20, 2025|December 29, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw10202025">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Raw results (10/20): Powell's live review of the update on Seth Rollins and the World Heavyweight Championship, three title matches|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/10/20/wwe-raw-results-10-20-powells-live-review-of-the-update-on-seth-rollins-and-the-world-heavyweight-championship-three-title-matches/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 20, 2025|access-date=October 21, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 99 |champion = [[The Usos]]<br>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 4<br>{{small|(5, 4)}} |date = {{dts|December 29, 2025}} |days = {{age in days|December 29, 2025|March 30, 2026}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Orlando, FL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/the-usos-wwe-world-tag-titles-wwe-raw-278663/|title=The Usos Defeat AJ Styles And Dragon Lee For WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|date=December 29, 2025|last=Russell|first=Skylar|work=Fightful|access-date=December 29, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 100 |champion = [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|March 30, 2026}} |days = {{age in days|March 30, 2026}}+ |days2 = yes |location = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]].<br>After Logan Paul got injured on May 23, The Vision's manager [[Paul Heyman]] revealed that any member of The Vision could defend the title under the [[Freebird rule]], therefore Bron Breakker also defended the championship alongside Theory. |ref = <ref name="VisionWorldTag">{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=The Vision To Freebird WWE World Tag Team Titles With Logan Paul Injured|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/the-vision-to-freebird-wwe-world-tag-team-titles-with-logan-paul-injured/|website=Fightful|date=May 25, 2026|access-date=May 25, 2026}}</ref> }} {{BundleEnd}} == Combined lengths == {|class="wikitable" |- !style="background: #ffe6bd"|† |Is the current champion |- |} === By team === {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" !Rank !Team !No. of<br/>reigns !data-sort-type="number"|Combined<br/>days !data-sort-type="number"|Combined days<br/>rec. by WWE |- !1 |{{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}}|| 4 || 664|| 663 |- !2 |{{sort|New Day Big|[[The New Day]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} || 2 || colspan=2|532 |- !3 |{{sort|London|[[Paul London]] and [[Brian Kendrick]]}}|| 1 || 331 || 333 |- !4 |{{sort|MNM|[[MNM (professional wrestling)|MNM]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Joey Mercury]] and [[John Morrison (wrestler)|Johnny Nitro]])}} || 3 || 291 || 283 |- !5 |{{sort|Judgment Day McDonagh|[[The Judgment Day]]}} <br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[JD McDonagh]])}}|| 2 || colspan="2" | {{Age in days|January 6, 2025|October 20, 2025}} |- !6 |{{sort|Colóns|[[The Colóns (2002-2010)|The Colóns]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Carly Colón|Carlito]] and [[Primo (wrestler)|Primo]])}} || 1 || 280 || 274 |- !7 |{{sort|Morrison|[[John Morrison]] and [[The Miz]]}}|| 1 || 250 || 246 |- !8 |{{sort|Team Hell|[[Team Hell No]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] and [[Bryan Danielson|Daniel Bryan]])}} || 1 || colspan="2" |245 |- !9 |{{sort|Bar|[[The Bar (professional wrestling)|The Bar]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] and [[Sheamus]])}} || 4 || 238 || 236 |- !10 |{{sort|Street|[[The Street Profits]]<br/>{{small|([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]])}}}} || 1 || 224 || 223 |- !11 |{{sort|Viking|[[The War Raiders|The Viking/War Raiders]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Erik (wrestler)|Erik]] and [[Ivar (wrestler)|Ivar]])}} || 2 || 222 || 221 |- !12 |{{sort|RK|[[RK-Bro]]}} <br/>{{small|([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]])}} || 2 || colspan=2|216 |- !13 |{{sort|Judgment Day Priest|[[The Judgment Day]]}} <br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]])}} || 2 || 208 || 207 |- !14 |{{sort|Team Angle|[[The World's Greatest Tag Team|Team Angle/The World's Greatest Tag Team]]<br/>{{small|([[Shelton Benjamin]] and [[Charlie Haas]])}}}} || 2 || 180 || 176 |- !rowspan=2|15 |{{sort|New Day Kingston|[[The New Day]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]])}} || 3 || colspan=2|167 |- |{{sort|Rhodes and Goldust|[[Cody Rhodes|Cody Rhodes/Stardust]] and [[Goldust]]}} || 2 || 167 || 166 |- !17 |{{sort|Owens|[[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]]}} || 1 || 154 || 153 |- !18 |{{sort|Shield|[[The Shield (professional wrestling)|The Shield]]<br/>{{small|([[Roman Reigns]] and [[Seth Rollins]])}}}} || 1 || colspan="2" |148 |- !rowspan=2|19 |{{sort|Air|Air Boom<br/>{{small|([[Matt Sydal|Evan Bourne]] and [[Kofi Kingston]])}}}} || 1 || 146 || 145 |- |{{sort|Hart|[[The Hart Dynasty]]<br/>{{small|([[David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]])}}}} || 1 || 146 || 145 |- !21 |{{sort|Basham|[[The Basham Brothers]]<br/>{{small|([[Danny Basham|Danny]] and [[Doug Basham]])}}}}|| 2 || 145 || 141 |- !22 |{{sort|Jeri-Show|[[Jeri-Show]]<br/>{{small|([[Chris Jericho]] and [[Big Show]])}}}} || 1 || 140 || 139 |- !23 |{{sort|Kingston|[[Kofi Kingston]] and [[R-Truth]]}} || 1 || 139 || 138 |- !rowspan=2|24 |{{sort|Styles and Omos|[[AJ Styles]] and [[Omos]]}} || 1 || 133 || 132 |- |{{sort|Deuce|[[Deuce (wrestler)|Deuce]] 'n [[Cliff Compton|Domino]]}} || 1 || 133 || 132 |- !26 |{{sort|Hawkins|[[Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder]]}} || 2 || 127 || 131 |- !27 |{{sort|Guerreros|[[Los Guerreros]]<br/>{{small|([[Eddie Guerrero|Eddie]] and [[Chavo Guerrero Jr.|Chavo Guerrero]])}}}} || 2 || colspan="2" |114 |- !28 |{{sort|Primo|[[Eddie Colon|Primo]] and [[Epico]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 106 |- !29 |{{sort|Revival|[[FTR (professional wrestling)|The Revival]]<br/>{{small|([[Cash Wheeler|Dash Wilder]] and [[Dax Harwood|Scott Dawson]])}}}}|| 2 || 104 || 103 |- !30 |{{sort|Nexus Slater|[[The Nexus (professional wrestling)|The Nexus]]/[[The Corre]]}}<br/>{{small|([[Heath Slater]] and [[Justin Gabriel]])}} || 3 || 100 || 99 |- !31 |{{sort|Legion|[[The Road Warriors|The Legion of Doom]]<br/>{{small|([[Road Warrior Animal|Animal]] and [[Jon Heidenreich|Heidenreich]])}}}}|| 1 ||93 |94 |- !32 |<!--As per Monday Night Raw on October 16, 2017 when they defended the titles (as well as the official title's history), they were NOT recognized as "The Shield" for this reign.-->{{sort|Ambrose|[[Jon Moxley|Dean Ambrose]] and [[Seth Rollins]]}}|| 2 || colspan="2" | 92 |- ! rowspan="2" |33 |{{sort|Suzuki|[[Kenzo Suzuki]] and [[René Duprée]]}}|| 1 || 91 || 90 |- |{{sort|New Nexus|[[Nexus (professional wrestling)|The New Nexus]]<br/>{{small|([[David Otunga]] and [[Curtis Axel|Michael McGillicutty]])}}}}|| 1 || 91 || 90 |- !35 |{{sort|Hurt|[[The Hurt Business]]}}<br />{{small|([[Cedric Alexander]] and [[Shelton Benjamin]])}}|| 1 ||85 ||84 |- !36 |{{sort|OC|[[The O.C. (professional wrestling)|The O.C.]]}}<br />{{small|([[Doc Gallows|Luke Gallows]] and [[Karl Anderson]])}}|| 2 || colspan="2" |84 |- ! rowspan="2" |37 |{{sort|Awesome|[[The Awesome Truth]]}}<br>{{small|([[The Miz]] and [[R-Truth]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 79 |- |{{sort|Hardy and Wyatt|[[Matt Hardy]] and [[Bray Wyatt]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 79 |- !39 | bgcolor="#ffe6bd" |{{sort|Vision|[[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]}} †<br />{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |{{Age in days|March 30, 2026}}+ |- ! rowspan="3" |40 |{{sort|Porter|[[Montel Vontavious Porter]] and [[Matt Hardy]]}} || 1 || 77 || 76 |- |{{sort|Rikishi|[[Rikishi (wrestler)|Rikishi]] and [[Scotty 2 Hotty]]}}|| 1 || 77 || 76 |- |{{sort|ShoMiz|[[ShoMiz]]<br/>{{small|([[Big Show]] and [[The Miz]])}}}}|| 1 || 77 || 76 |- !43 |{{sort|Marella|[[Santino Marella]] and [[Vladimir Kozlov]]}}|| 1 || 76 || 75 |- !44 |{{sort|Styles and Lee|[[AJ Styles]] and [[Dragon Lee (wrestler, born 1995)|Dragon Lee]]}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 70 |- !45 |{{sort|Prime|[[The Prime Time Players]]<br/>{{small|([[Darren Young]] and [[Titus O'Neil]])}}}} || 1 || 70 || 69 |- !rowspan=4|46 |{{sort|Kidman|[[Billy Kidman]] and [[Paul London]]}} || 1 || 63 || 62 |- |{{sort|Roode|[[Bobby Roode]] and [[Chad Gable]]}} || 1 || colspan=2|63 |- |{{sort|Hardy Boyz|[[The Hardy Boyz]]<br/>{{small|([[Jeff Hardy|Jeff]] and [[Matt Hardy]])}}}} || 1 || colspan="2" |63 |- |{{sort|Kidd|[[Tyson Kidd]] and [[Cesaro (wrestler)|Cesaro]]}} || 1 || 63 || 62 |- ! rowspan="2" |50 |{{sort|D-Generation X|[[D-Generation X]]<br/>{{small|([[Triple H]] and [[Shawn Michaels]])}}}} || 1 || 57 || 56 |- |{{sort|Guerrero and Mysterio|[[Eddie Guerrero]] and [[Rey Mysterio]]}}|| 1 ||57 |59 |- ! rowspan="2" |52 |{{sort|Alpha|[[Alpha Academy]]}}<br>{{small|([[Chad Gable]] and [[Otis (wrestler)|Otis]])}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 56 |- |{{sort|Haas|[[Charlie Haas]] and [[Rico Constantino|Rico]]}}|| 1 ||56 |55 |- !54 |{{sort|B-Team|[[The B-Team]]}} <br />{{small|([[Bo Dallas]] and [[Curtis Axel]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |50 |- !55 |{{sort|Ziggler and McIntyre|[[Dolph Ziggler]] and [[Drew McIntyre]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 49 |- !56 |{{sort|Guerrero and Tajiri|[[Eddie Guerrero]] and [[Yoshihiro Tajiri|Tajiri]]}}|| 1 || 44 || 45 |- !57 |{{sort|Murphy|[[Buddy Murphy|(Buddy) Murphy]] and [[Seth Rollins]]}}|| 1 || 42 |41 |- ! rowspan="2" |58 |{{sort|Miz|[[The Miz]] and [[Damien Sandow|Damien Mizdow]]}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 36 |- |{{sort|New Age Outlaws|[[The New Age Outlaws]]<br/>{{small|([[Road Dogg]] and [[Billy Gunn]])}}}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 36 |- ! rowspan="3" |60 |{{sort|AOP|[[The Authors of Pain|AOP]]}}<br />{{small|([[Akam]] and [[Rezar]])}} || 1 || 35 || 34 |- |{{sort|Rhodes and McInytre|[[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Drew McIntyre]]}}|| 1 || 35 || 34 |- |{{sort|Mysterio|[[Rey Mysterio]] and [[Rob Van Dam]]}}|| 1 || 35 || 34 |- ! rowspan="2" |63 |{{sort|Jordan|[[Jason Jordan]] and [[Seth Rollins]]}}|| 1 || 34 || 33 |- |{{sort|Big Show|[[Big Show]] and [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]]}}|| 1 ||34 |30 |- !65 |{{sort|Ziggler and Roode|[[Dolph Ziggler]] and [[Bobby Roode|Robert Roode]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 29 |- !66 |{{sort|Edge and Jericho|[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] and [[Chris Jericho]]}}|| 1 || 28 || 27 |- !67 |{{sort|Strowman and Rollins|[[Braun Strowman]] and [[Seth Rollins]]}}|| 1 || 27 || 26 |- !68 |{{sort|Dudley|[[The Dudley Boyz]]<br/>{{small|([[Bubba Ray Dudley|Bubba Ray]] and [[D-Von Dudley]])}}}}|| 1 || 21 || 20 |- !69 |{{sort|Angle|[[Kurt Angle]] and [[Chris Benoit]]}}|| 1 || 16 || 17 |- !70 |{{sort|Batista|[[Dave Bautista|Batista]] and [[Rey Mysterio]]}}|| 1 || 14 || 13 |- !71 |{{sort|Edge and Mysterio|[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] and [[Rey Mysterio]]}}|| 1 ||12 |9 |- !72 |{{sort|Rhodes and Uso|[[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Jey Uso]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 9 |- ! rowspan="2" |73 |{{sort|Strowman and Nicholas|[[Braun Strowman]] and Nicholas}} || 1 || 1 || <1 |- |{{sort|Nexus Cena|[[The Nexus (professional wrestling)|The Nexus]]<br/>{{small|([[John Cena]] and [[David Otunga]])}}}}|| 1 ||1 |<1 |- !75 |{{sort|Cena|[[John Cena]] and [[The Miz]]}} |1 | colspan="2" |<1 |} === By wrestler === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" !Rank !Wrestler !No. of<br />reigns !Combined<br />days !Combined days<br />rec. by WWE |- !1 |{{sortname|Kofi|Kingston}} || 7 || 984 || 982 |- !2 |{{sortname|Xavier|Woods}} || 5 || colspan="2" |699 |- !3 |{{sortname|Jey|Uso}} || 5 || 673 || 672 |- !4 |{{sortname|Jimmy|Uso}} || 4 || 664 || 663 |- !5 |{{sortname|Johnny Nitro/John|Morrison|John Morrison (wrestler)}}|| 4{{efn|He was known as Johnny Nitro during his first three reigns with [[Joey Mercury]].}} || 541 || 529 |- !6 |{{sortname|Big|E|Big E Langston}} || 2 || colspan="2" |532 |- !7 | {{sortname|Finn|Bálor}} || 4 || {{Age in days|June 12, 2024|October 20, 2025}} || {{Age in days|June 13, 2024|October 20, 2025}} |- !8 |{{sortname|The|Miz}} || 5 || 442 || 437 |- !9 |{{sortname|Paul|London}} || 2 || 394 || 395 |- !10 |{{sortname||Primo|Eddie Colón}} || 2 || 386 || 382 |- !11 |{{sortname|Seth|Rollins}} || 6 || 343 || 340 |- !12 |{{sortname|Brian|Kendrick}} || 1 || 331 || 333 |- !13 |{{sortname||Cesaro|Claudio Castagnoli}}|| 5 || 301 || 298 |- !14 |{{sortname|Joey|Mercury}} || 3 || 291 || 283 |- !15 |{{sortname|JD|McDonagh}} || 2 || colspan="2" | {{Age in days|January 6, 2025|October 20, 2025}} |- !16 |{{sortname||Carlito|dab=wrestler}}|| 1 || 280 || 274 |- !17 |{{sortname||Kane|dab=wrestler}}|| 2 || 279 || 275 |- !18 |{{sortname|Shelton|Benjamin}} || 3 || 265 || 260 |- !19 |{{sortname|Big|Show}} || 3 || 251 || 245 |- !20 |{{sortname|Daniel|Bryan|Bryan Danielson}} || 1 || colspan="2" |245 |- !21 |{{sortname||Sheamus}} || 4 || 238 || 236 |- !22 |{{sortname|Charlie|Haas}} || 3 || 236 || 231 |- ! rowspan="2" |23 |{{sortname|Angelo|Dawkins}} || rowspan="2" | 1 || rowspan="2" |224 || rowspan="2" |223 |- |{{sortname|Montez|Ford}} |- ! rowspan="2" |25 |{{sortname||Erik|dab=wrestler}} || rowspan="2" |2 || rowspan="2" |222 || rowspan="2" |221 |- |{{sortname||Ivar|dab=wrestler}} |- !27 |{{sortname|Matt|Hardy}} || 3 || colspan="2" | 219 |- !28 |{{sortname||R-Truth}} || 2 || 218 || 217 |- ! rowspan="2" |29 |{{sortname|Randy|Orton}} || rowspan="2" |2 || colspan="2" rowspan="2" |216 |- |{{sortname||Riddle|Matt Riddle}} |- !31 |{{sortname|Eddie|Guerrero}} || 4 || 215 || 218 |- !32 |{{sortname|Cody|Rhodes/Stardust|Cody Rhodes}} || 4{{efn|He was known as Stardust during his third reign with [[Goldust]].}} || 211 || 210 |- !33 |{{sortname|Tyson|Kidd}} || 2 || 209 || 207 |- !34 |{{sortname|Damian|Priest}} || 2 || 208 || 207 |- !35 |{{sortname|AJ|Styles}} || 2 || 203 || 202 |- !36 |{{sortname|Chris|Jericho}} || 2 || 168 || 167 |- !37 |{{sortname||Goldust}} || 2 || 167 || 166 |- ! rowspan="2" |38 |{{sortname|Kevin|Owens}} || rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="2" |154 || rowspan="2" |153 |- |{{sortname|Sami|Zayn}} |- !40 |{{sortname|Roman|Reigns|}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |148 |- ! rowspan="2" |41 |{{sortname|David Hart|Smith}} || 1 || rowspan="2" | 146 || rowspan="2" | 145 |- |{{sortname|Evan|Bourne}} || 1 |- ! rowspan="2" |43 |{{sortname|Danny|Basham}}|| rowspan="2" |2 || rowspan="2" |145 || rowspan="2" |141 |- |{{sortname|Doug|Basham}} |- !45 |{{sortname|Michael McGillicutty/Curtis|Axel|Curtis Axel}}|| 2{{efn|He was known as Michael McGillicutty during his first reign with [[David Otunga]].}}|| 141 || 140 |- ! rowspan="3" |46 |{{sortname||Deuce|dab=wrestler}} || rowspan="3" |1 || rowspan="3" |133 || rowspan="3" | 132 |- |{{sortname||Domino|Cliff Compton}} |- |{{sortname||Omos}} |- ! rowspan="2" |49 |{{sortname|Curt|Hawkins}} || rowspan="2" |2 || rowspan="2" |127 || rowspan="2" |131 |- |{{sortname|Zack|Ryder}} |- !51 |{{sortname|Chad|Gable}} || 2 || colspan="2" |119 |- !52 |{{sortname|Rey|Mysterio}} || 4 || 118 || 115 |- !53 |{{sortname|Chavo|Guerrero}} || 2 || colspan="2" |114 |- !54 |{{sortname||Epico}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |106 |- ! rowspan="2" |55 |[[Cash Wheeler|Dash Wilder]] || rowspan="2" |2 || rowspan="2" |104 || rowspan="2" |103 |- |[[Dax Harwood|Scott Dawson]] |- ! rowspan="2" |57 |{{sortname|Heath|Slater}} || rowspan="2" |3 || rowspan="2" |100 || rowspan="2" |99 |- |{{sortname|Justin|Gabriel}} |- ! rowspan="2" |59 |{{sortname||Animal|Road Warrior Animal|}} || rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="2" |93 || rowspan="2" |94 |- |{{sortname||Heidenreich|Jon Heidenreich}} |- ! rowspan="3" |61 |{{sortname|Bobby/Robert|Roode|Bobby Roode}} || 2{{efn|He was known as Robert Roode during his second reign with [[Dolph Ziggler]].}} || colspan="2" rowspan="3" |92 |- |{{sortname|David|Otunga}} || 2 |- |{{sortname|Dean|Ambrose}} || 2 |- ! rowspan="2" |64 |{{sortname|Kenzo|Suzuki}} || rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="2" |91 || rowspan="2" |90 |- |{{sortname|René|Duprée}} |- !66 |{{sortname|Cedric|Alexander}} || 1 || 85 || 84 |- ! rowspan="3" |67 |{{sortname|Drew|McIntyre}} || 2 || rowspan="3" | 84 || 83 |- |{{sortname|Karl|Anderson}} || rowspan="2" |2 || rowspan="2" |85 |- |{{sortname|Luke|Gallows}} |- !70 |{{sortname|Bray|Wyatt}}|| 1 || colspan="2" | 79 |- !71 |{{sortname|Dolph|Ziggler}}|| 2 || colspan="2" | 78 |- !rowspan="3"|72 |bgcolor=#ffe6bd|{{sortname|Logan|Paul}} † || rowspan="3"|1 || rowspan="3" colspan="2"|{{age in days|March 30, 2026}}+ |- |bgcolor=#ffe6bd|{{sortname|Austin|Theory}} † |- |bgcolor=#ffe6bd|{{sortname|Bron|Breakker}} † |- ! rowspan="3" |75 |{{sortname|Montel Vontavious|Porter}} || 1 || colspan="2" |77 |- |{{sortname||Rikishi|dab=wrestler}} || rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="2" |77 || rowspan="2" |76 |- |{{sortname|Scotty 2|Hotty}} |- ! rowspan="2" |78 |{{sortname|Santino|Marella}} || rowspan="2" |1 || colspan="2" rowspan="2" |76 |- |{{sortname|Vladimir|Kozlov}} |- !77 |{{sortname|Dragon|Lee|dab=wrestler, born 1995}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 70 |- ! rowspan="2" |81 |{{sortname|Darren|Young}} || rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="2" |70 || rowspan="2" |69 |- |{{sortname|Titus|O'Neil}} |- ! rowspan="2" |83 |{{sortname|Billy|Kidman}} || 1 || 63 || 62 |- |{{sortname|Jeff|Hardy}} || 1 || colspan="2" |63 |- ! rowspan="2" |85 |{{sortname|Shawn|Michaels}} || rowspan="2" | 1 || colspan="2" rowspan="2" |57 |- |{{sortname|Triple|H}} |- ! rowspan="2" |87 |{{sortname||Otis|dab=wrestler}} ||1 || colspan="2" |56 |- |{{sortname||Rico|Rico Constantino}} || 1 || 56 || 55 |- !89 |{{sortname|Bo|Dallas}} || 1 || colspan="2" |50 |- !90 |{{sortname||Tajiri|Yoshihiro Tajiri}} || 1 || 44 || 45 |- !91 |{{sortname|(Buddy)|Murphy|Buddy Matthews}}|| 1{{efn|During his reign, on February 7, 2020, [[Buddy Matthews|Buddy Murphy]]'s ring name was made shorter to "Murphy".}}|| 42 || 41 |- !92 |{{sortname||Edge|dab=wrestler}} || 2 || 40 || 36 |- ! rowspan="3" |93 |{{sortname|Billy|Gunn}} ||1 || colspan="2" rowspan="3" |36 |- |{{sortname|Road|Dogg}}|| 1 |- |{{sortname|Damien|Mizdow|Damien Sandow}}|| 1 |- ! rowspan="3" |96 |{{sortname||Akam}}|| rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="3" |35 || rowspan="3" |34 |- |{{sortname||Rezar}} |- |{{sortname|Rob Van|Dam}} || 1 |- !99 |{{sortname|Jason|Jordan}} || 1 || 34 || 33 |- !100 |{{sortname|Braun|Strowman}} || 2 || 28 || 26 |- ! rowspan="2" |101 |{{sortname|Bubba Ray|Dudley}} || rowspan="2" |1 || rowspan="2" |21 || rowspan="2" |20 |- |{{sortname|D-Von|Dudley}} |- ! rowspan="2" |103 |{{sortname|Chris|Benoit}} || rowspan="2" | 1 || rowspan="2" |16 || rowspan="2" |17 |- |{{sortname|Kurt|Angle}} |- !105 |{{sortname|Batista||Dave Bautista}} || 1 || 14 || 13 |- ! rowspan="2" |106 |{{sortname|John|Cena}} || 2 || rowspan="2" | 1 || rowspan="2" | <1 |- |Nicholas || 1 |} {{Notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag/ World Tag Team Title History] {{WWE Championships}} {{DEFAULTSORT:WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length, List of }} [[Category:Lists of professional wrestlers]] [[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships|Tag Team Championship reigns by length]] i2acuzjhzt149cedlzxuevs56dqcih5 0 229804 10883085 10836058 2026-06-10T11:08:36Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 10883085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox Wrestler |name=Drew McIntyre |image=Drew McIntyre, WrestleMania XL (cropped).jpg |caption=McIntyre in April 2024 |names= Drew Galloway<br />'''Drew McIntyre''' |height= 6 ft 5 in |weight= {{convert|275|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |birth_date= {{Birth date and age |1985|6|06|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Ayr]], [[Scotland]], [[United Kingdom]] |death_date = |death_place = |resides= |billed= '''Ayr, Scotland''' |trainer= Justin Richards<br />[[James Tighe]]<br />[[Mark Sloan]]<br />Colin McKay<br />Spinner McKenzie |debut=2001 |retired= |website= |birth_name=Andrew McLean Galloway IV|alma_mater=[[Glasgow Caledonian University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])}} '''Andrew McLean Galloway IV''' ([[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]]: Anndra MacGill-Eain Gall-Ghàidhealaibh IV; born 6 June 1985), also known by his [[ring name]] '''Drew McIntyre''', is a Scottish professional wrestler. He is currently signed to [[WWE]], where he performs on the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]]. He is a five-time world champion between WWE and [[Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]] (TNA). During his first run in WWE from 2007 to 2014, McIntyre won the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] one time and the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] one time with [[Cody Rhodes]]. On 12 June 2014, McIntyre was released from his WWE contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/superstars/drewmcintyre|accessdate=2014-06-12|title=Brodus Clay, Evan Bourne, Teddy Long, Curt Hawkins and other WWE Superstars released|publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> He then began wrestling on the [[independent circuit]], Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (where he was a one-time [[TNA World Heavyweight Championship|TNA World Heavyweight Champion]] and one-time [[Impact Grand Championship|Impact Grand Champion]]) and Evolve (where he was one-time Evolve Champion, one-time Open the Freedom Gate Champion and two-time Evolve Tag Team Champion). In April 2017, he returned to WWE, where he wrestled on their developmental territory [[WWE NXT|NXT]] and won the [[NXT Championship]]. He was drafted back to the main roster in 2018 and won the renamed Raw Tag Team Championship a second time with [[Dolph Ziggler]]. In 2020, he had his most successful year, when he won the [[Royal Rumble|Royal Rumble match]] <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-27|title=Drew McIntyre eliminates Brock Lesnar and goes on to win the 2020 Royal Rumble|url=https://talksport.com/sport/wrestling/661161/drew-mcintyre-royal-rumble-wwe/|access-date=2020-08-13|website=talkSPORT|language=en-US }}</ref> and the [[WWE Championship]] two times. He is the first and only British world champion in WWE and the 31st Triple Crown champion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Drew McIntyre Superstar Stats |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/drew-mcintyre |access-date=26 September 2023 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> At [[WrestleMania XL]] night two on 7 April 2024 he won the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]], but lost it to [[Damian Priest]] minutes later.<ref name="WM40N2">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania XL results: Powell’s live review of night two with Roman Reigns vs. Cody Rhodes for the WWE Universal Championship with Bloodline Rules, Seth Rollins vs. Drew McIntyre for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/07/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-cody-rhodes-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-with-bloodline-rules-seth-rollins-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-world-heav/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=7 April 2024|access-date=10 April 2024}}</ref> In January 2026, he defeated Cody Rhodes in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches%7C|Three Stages of Hell match]] to win his third WWE Championship. == Personal life == Galloway became engaged to American professional wrestler [[Taryn Terrell]] (also known as Tiffany) in July 2009,<ref>{{cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Gayle |date=28 March 2010 |title=Scots wrestling champ Drew McIntyre to marry ex-Playboy model |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/2010/03/28/scots-wrestling-champ-drew-mcintyre-to-marry-ex-playboy-model-86908-22144212/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609183558/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/2010/03/28/scots-wrestling-champ-drew-mcintyre-to-marry-ex-playboy-model-86908-22144212/ |archive-date=9 June 2011 |access-date=16 May 2010 |work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |publisher=[[Reach plc]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Meltzer |date=9 January 2010 |title=Sat. update: Doc funeral, Southern star passes away; wrestling wedding & engagement; Lesnar; Foley |url=http://www.f4wonline.com/content/view/11898/ |access-date=10 January 2010 |publisher=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]] |quote=WWE performers Tiffany (Taryn Terrell) and Drew McIntyre (Drew Galloway) are now engaged.}}</ref> while both working for WWE and they married in [[Las Vegas]] in May 2010.<ref name="chargesdropped">{{cite web |last=Larkin |first=Mike |date=26 September 2010 |title=Playboy bunny wife of Scots wrestling ace is cleared of assault charges |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2010/09/26/playboy-bunny-wife-of-scots-wrestling-ace-is-cleared-of-assault-charges-86908-22589297/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129052513/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/2010/09/26/playboy-bunny-wife-of-scots-wrestling-ace-is-cleared-of-assault-charges-86908-22589297/ |archive-date=29 November 2010 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |publisher=[[Reach plc]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Oliver |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Oliver |date=16 July 2010 |title=McIntyre guarantees Smackdown Money in the Bank match will be tops |url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2010/07/16/14734756.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629183143/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2010/07/16/14734756.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=18 July 2010 |work=Slam! Sports |publisher=[[Canoe.ca|Canadian Online Explorer]]}}</ref> They divorced in May 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last=Caldwell |first=James |date=24 May 2011 |title=WWE News: Former WWE Diva Tiffany announces divorce from current star Drew McIntyre |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_50323.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817103419/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_50323.shtml |archive-date=17 August 2013 |access-date=24 May 2011 |work=Pro Wrestling Torch |publisher=TDH Communications Inc.}}</ref> Galloway met doctor Kaitlyn Frohnapfel at a bar in 2013 and they married on 10 December 2016. The couple currently resides in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], having previously lived in [[Tampa, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Russell |first1=Skylar |last2=Thatch |first2=William |last3=Ross Sapp |first3=Sean |date=29 July 2022 |title=Drew McIntyre: Sheamus Bugged Me And My Wife About Moving To Nashville For Years |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/exclusives/drew-mcintyre-sheamus-bugged-me-and-my-wife-about-moving-nashville-years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729220131/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/exclusives/drew-mcintyre-sheamus-bugged-me-and-my-wife-about-moving-nashville-years |archive-date=29 July 2022 |access-date=4 January 2023 |work=Fightful}}</ref> Galloway's mother, Angela, died on 3 November 2012, at the age of 51.<ref>{{cite web |last=Caldwell |first=James |date=8 November 2012 |title=WWE News: Drew McIntyre announces death of his mother |url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_66524.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213013721/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_66524.shtml |archive-date=13 December 2012 |access-date=15 April 2014 |work=Pro Wrestling Torch |publisher=TDH Communications Inc.}}</ref> Galloway is a supporter of the Scottish [[football]] club, [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 November 2019 |title=WWE star Drew McIntyre sports Rangers shirt ahead of Glasgow show |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/rangers-daft-wwe-star-drew-20862661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130200238/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/rangers-daft-wwe-star-drew-20862661 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=3 January 2020 |website=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |publisher=[[Reach plc]]}}</ref> On 2 June 2023, Galloway announced that he had become an American citizen.<ref>{{Cite web |last= Johnson|first= Mike |date=2 June 2023 |title=TOP WWE STAR BECOMES NATURALIZED AMERICAN CITIZEN|url=https://www.pwinsider.com/article/171844/top-wwe-star-becomes-naturalized-american-citizen.html?p=1 |publisher=PWInsider}}</ref> == Championships and accomplishments == {{multiple image | align = right | width = 280 | direction = vertical | image2 = IC Champion Drew McIntyre.jpg | caption2 = McIntyre's first championship in WWE was the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]], which he held once. | image3 = Smackdown Superstar Drew McIntyre.jpg | caption3 = McIntyre also had success in WWE's developmental territory [[Florida Championship Wrestling]], as he won the FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship once. }} * '''British Championship Wrestling''' ** BCW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BCW Heavyweight Championship history |url=https://www.bcw-wrestling.com/title-history/bcw-heavyweight-championship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501015237/https://www.bcw-wrestling.com/title-history/bcw-heavyweight-championship |archive-date=1 May 2019 |access-date=30 March 2023 |publisher=British Championship Wrestling}}</ref> * '''''CBS Sports''''' ** Wrestler of the Year (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brookhouse |first=Brent |date=1 January 2021 |title=2020 CBS Sports Wrestling Awards: Drew McIntyre stands out as Wrestler of the Year |url=https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/2020-cbs-sports-wrestling-awards-drew-mcintyre-stands-out-as-wrestler-of-the-year/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321081454/https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/2020-cbs-sports-wrestling-awards-drew-mcintyre-stands-out-as-wrestler-of-the-year/ |archive-date=21 March 2022 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=[[CBSSports.com]]}}</ref> * '''Dansk Pro Wrestling''' ** DPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=DPW Heavyweight Championship |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=651 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029205758/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=651 |archive-date=29 October 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Evolve''' ** Evolve Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Evolve Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1968 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315031215/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1968 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> ** Evolve Tag Team Championship (2 times, first) – with [[Johnny Gargano]] (1) and [[Chuck Taylor (wrestler)|Dustin]] (1)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Evolve Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2793 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428160232/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2793 |archive-date=28 April 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> ** Evolve Tag Team Championship Tournament (2016) – with Johnny Gargano<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=EVOLVE Tag Team Title Tournament |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3715 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605094557/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3715 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> ** Open the Freedom Gate Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Open the Freedom Gate Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112155106/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1234 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''''Fighting Spirit Magazine''''' ** FSM Readers Award (1 time)<ref>Fighting_Spirit_Magazine#FSM_Reader_Awards</ref> *** British Wrestler of the Year (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ewrestlingnews.com/lists/the-best-of-british-vol-3|title=The Best Of British, Vol. 3|first=Kyle|last=Dunning|date=21 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesmackdownhotel.com/wrestlers/drew-mcintyre|title=Drew McIntyre: Profile, Career, Face/Heel Turns, Titles Won, Gimmick Evolution and Stats &#124; Pro Wrestlers Database|website=The SmackDown Hotel}}</ref> ** Ranked No. 37 of the top 50 singles wrestlers in the ''FSM 50'' in 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voicesofwrestling.com/2022/01/04/fsm-50-2021-the-50-best-wrestlers-in-the-world/|title=FSM 50 2021: The 50 Best Wrestlers in the World|date=4 January 2022|website=Voices of Wrestling}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voicesofwrestling.com/2016/01/18/analyzing-fighting-spirit-magazine-2015-top-50/|title=Analyzing Fighting Spirit Magazine's 2015 Top 50|first=Rich|last=Kraetsch|date=18 January 2016|website=Voices of Wrestling}}</ref> * '''[[Florida Championship Wrestling]]''' ** FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time) ** FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with [[Wade Barrett|Stu Sanders]] * '''Insane Championship Wrestling''' ** ICW World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://insanewrestling.co.uk/heavyweight_title.php|title=ICW World Heavyweight Championship|publisher=Insane Championship Wrestling|access-date=17 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123174713/http://insanewrestling.co.uk/heavyweight_title.php|archive-date=23 November 2016}}</ref> ** ICW Hall of Fame (2018) ** ICW Award (4 times) *** Moment of the Year (2014) – <small>Surprise return at "Shug's Hoose Party"</small><ref name="auto2"/> *** Promo of the Year (2014) – <small>"Shug's Hoose Party"</small> *** Feud of the Year (2016) – <small>The Black Label Vs. Insane Championship Wrestling</small><ref name="auto2"/> *** Best on the Mic (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/drewgalloway1314/photos/a.868030116542368/1449348625077178/|title=Drew Galloway - Considering the year Insane Championship Wrestling has had, capturing best on mic 2016 is an absolute honour &#124; Facebook|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> * '''''Inside The Ropes Magazine''''' ** Ranked No. 1 of the top 50 wrestlers in the world in the ''ITR 50'' in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McVey |first1=Innes |date=1 January 2021 |title=WWE News: Drew McIntyre Tops First-Ever ITR 50 |work=Inside The Ropes |url=https://itrwrestling.com/news/drew-mcintyre-tops-first-ever-itr-50/ |access-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927131347/https://itrwrestling.com/news/drew-mcintyre-tops-first-ever-itr-50/ |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> * '''Irish Whip Wrestling''' ** IWW International Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite book |last1=McIntyre |first1=Drew |last2=Edworthy |first2=Sarah |title=My Story: A Chosen Destiny |date=2021 |publisher=Gallery Books |isbn=978-1-9821-8505-3 |pages=57-58 |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/A-Chosen-Destiny/Drew-McIntyre/9781982174880 |access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref> *'''''NoDQ.com''''' **NoDQ End of Year Award (3 times)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nodq.com/year-end-awards/|title=NoDQ.com Year End Awards}}</ref> *** Male Superstar of the Year (2020)<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://nodq.com/features/611429917.shtml|title=NoDQ.com - 2020 NoDQ.com Year End Award results|website=nodq.com}}</ref> *** Babyface of the Year (2020)<ref name="auto"/> *** Finisher of the Year (2020)<ref name="auto"/> * '''Outback Championship Wrestling''' ** OCW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=OCW World Heavyweight Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2467 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605093726/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2467 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''Preston City Wrestling''' ** There Can Be Only One Gauntlet (2016)<ref name="auto2"/> * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (2020)<ref>{{cite journal|year=2021|journal=[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]|title=2020 Achievement Awards|publisher=[[Kappa Publishing Group]]|pages=14–15}}</ref> ** Ranked No. 4 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]'' in 2020 and 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2020 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2020.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330080813/http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2020.html |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=28 August 2020 |work=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2021 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2021.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330080718/http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2021.html |archive-date=30 March 2023 |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Scottish Wrestling Alliance''' ** Scottish Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Scottish Heavyweight Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=321 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205230409/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=321 |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''''[[Sports Illustrated]]''''' ** Ranked No. 3 of the [[Sports Illustrated#Wrestler of the Year|top 10 wrestlers]] in 2020<ref name="SI2020">{{cite magazine |last=Barrasso |first=Justin |date=7 January 2021 |title=The Top 10 Wrestlers of 2020 |url=https://www.si.com/wrestling/2021/01/07/best-wrestlers-in-the-world-2020-wwe-aew-njpw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231202949/https://www.si.com/wrestling/2021/01/07/best-wrestlers-in-the-world-2020-wwe-aew-njpw |archive-date=31 December 2022 |access-date=8 January 2021 |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> * '''[[Impact Wrestling|Total Nonstop Action Wrestling]]''' ** [[Impact Grand Championship]] ([[Impact Grand Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Impact Grand Championship |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3129 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215012718/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3129 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> ** [[TNA World Heavyweight Championship]] ([[List of TNA World Heavyweight Champions|1 time]])<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2016 |title=Drew Galloway is the New Impact World Champion |url=http://impactwrestling.com/drew-galloway-is-the-new-impact-world-champion/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610123235/http://impactwrestling.com/drew-galloway-is-the-new-impact-world-champion/ |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2018 |publisher=[[Impact Wrestling]]}}</ref><ref name="Drew McIntyre - My Story: A Chosen Destiny">{{cite book |last1=McIntyre |first1=Drew |last2=Edworthy |first2=Sarah |title=My Story: A Chosen Destiny |date=2021 |publisher=Gallery Books |isbn=978-1-9821-8505-3 |pages=265 |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/A-Chosen-Destiny/Drew-McIntyre/9781982174880 |access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref> ** Feast or Fired ([[Feast or Fired#2016|2016]] – World Heavyweight Championship contract)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Feast or Fired for the World Heavyweight Championship contract |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=145955 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125213427/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=1&nr=145955 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> ** Global Impact Tournament (2015) – with Team International {{small|([[Magnus (wrestler)|Magnus]], [[The Great Muta]], [[Tigre Uno]], [[Bram (wrestler)|Bram]], [[Rockstar Spud]], [[Mahabali Shera|Khoya]], [[Sonjay Dutt]] and [[Angelina Love]])}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=Global Impact - USA Vs. The World |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=6309 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605093748/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=6309 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> ** TNA Joker's Wild (2016)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |date= |title=TNA Joker's Wild (2016) |url=https://www.cagematch.net//?id=26&nr=3769 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605093742/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=26&nr=3769 |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> *'''Union of European Wrestling Alliances''' ** European Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web |last=Kreikenbohm |first=Philip |title=European Heavyweight Championship |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1300 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315035401/http://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1300 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=9 December 2015 |website=Cagematch.net}}</ref> * '''What Culture Pro Wrestling''' ** WCPW World Championship (1 time)<ref name=WCPWOfficial>{{cite web|url=https://wc.pw/title/wcpw-title|title=WCPW Title|access-date=3 October 2017|work=What Culture Pro Wrestling|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009111739/https://wc.pw/title/wcpw-title|archive-date=9 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Drew McIntyre - My Story: A Chosen Destiny">{{cite book |last1=McIntyre |first1=Drew |last2=Edworthy |first2=Sarah |title=My Story: A Chosen Destiny |date=2021 |publisher=Gallery Books |isbn=978-1-9821-8505-3 |pages=265 |url=https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/A-Chosen-Destiny/Drew-McIntyre/9781982174880 |access-date=25 September 2023}}</ref> ** Defiant Wrestling Award for Match of the Year (2017) – <small>Vs. [[Will Ospreay]] at Exit Wounds</small> * '''[[WWE]]''' ** [[WWE Championship]] [[List of WWE Champions|(3 times]])<ref>{{cite web |title=WWE Championship |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwe-championship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915223737/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwe-championship |archive-date=15 September 2020 |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)|World Heavyweight Championship]] ([[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE, 2023–present)#Reigns|1 time]])<ref name="WM40N2"/> ** [[NXT Championship]] ([[NXT Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web |title=NXT Championship |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/nxt-championship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826192150/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/nxt-championship |archive-date=26 August 2017 |access-date=19 August 2017 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] ([[List of WWE Intercontinental Champions|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Intercontinental Championship - Drew McIntyre |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/12940388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110002041/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/12940388 |archive-date=10 November 2013 |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE (Raw) Tag Team Championship]]{{Efn|During his first reign the title was called "WWE Tag Team Championship". His second reign happened when the title was exclusive to ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' and was renamed "WWE Raw Tag Team Championship".}} ([[List of WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length|2 times]]) – with [[Cody Rhodes]] (1)<ref>{{cite web |title=WWE World Tag Team Championships - Drew McIntyre & "Dashing" Cody Rhodes |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/200912131111 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019093514/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwetag/200912131111 |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=30 March 2023 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> and [[Dolph Ziggler]] (1)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raw Tag Team Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/raw-tag-team-championship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314170753/https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/raw-tag-team-championship |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** 31st Triple Crown Champion ** [[Royal Rumble#Match|Men's Royal Rumble]] ([[Royal Rumble (2020)|2020]]) ** [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Men's Money in the Bank ladder match]] ([[Money in the Bank (2024)|2024]]) ** Bumpy Award (2 times) *** Superstar of the Half-Year (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2020 |title=WWE's The Bumpy Awards People's Choice winners |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-the-bump/article/bumpies-2020-people-s-choice-voting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201205912/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-the-bump/article/bumpies-2020-people-s-choice-voting |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website= |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> *** Lifetime Achievement Award (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barile |first=Steve |date=4 August 2021 |title=The Bumpy Awards People's Choice full list of winners |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-the-bump/article/the-bumpy-awards-peoples-choice-full-list-of-winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804182823/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-the-bump/article/the-bumpy-awards-peoples-choice-full-list-of-winners |archive-date=4 August 2021 |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Slammy Award (2 times)<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2008 |title=What is a Slammy? |url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/whatsaslammy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301165110/https://www.wwe.com/inside/news/whatsaslammy |archive-date=1 March 2023 |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> *** Superstar of the Year 2020)<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2020 |title=2020 SLAMMY Award Winners |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-slammy-awards/article/2020-slammy-award-winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829013621/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wwe-slammy-awards/article/2020-slammy-award-winners |archive-date=29 August 2021 |access-date=31 March 2023 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> *** Male Superstar of the Year (2020)<ref name=":8" /> == Footnotes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category||Drew McIntyre }} *[http://www.wwe.com/superstars/drewmcintyre WWE profile] *{{IMDb name}} {{Break}} {{WWE personnel}} {{multistub|sports-bio|UK}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McIntyre, Drew}} [[Category:1985 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Scottish professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Ayr]] [[Category:Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni]] [[Category:WWE wrestlers]] oqfrgxm7kxox4oexme3lwzbd2y4ossj 4 232191 10882876 10882194 2026-06-10T03:08:31Z Garsh2 1475106 /* Protection request: Western Europe */ new section 10882876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/header}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive %(counter)d |algo = old(14d) |counter = 94 |maxarchivesize = 100K |minthreadsleft = 4 }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ <inputbox> type=fulltext prefix=Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard break=no width=30 searchbuttonlabel=Search all Administrators' noticeboard archives </inputbox> __TOC__ <!-- FOR EMERGENCIES ONLY: If an issue has not been replied to, and an '''immediate''' response is required to prevent ongoing harm to the project, ping an administrator in the WP:IRC #wikipedia-simple channel using !admin@simplewiki or in the WP:DISCORD channel #simple-english-wikipedia using @SimpleEnglishAdmins --> == Pending requests for unblock == There are three open requests for unlock at [[:Category:Requests for unblock]]. Two have been open for a few weeks. All three are blocks I placed so I cannot act upon them. Reviewing admin are welcome to contact me at my talk page or via email if they need any clarity on my actions. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 23:54, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :all seem to have been dealt with '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 01:34, 30 May 2026 (UTC) == Requesting admin assistnance in a DRV == I opened up a [[Wikipedia:Deletion_review#Deletion_request_for_Henry_B._Eyring |Deletion review]] and it's been up for 13 days. I'm looking for an admin to take a look and see about closing it. Only myself and one other individual has commented on it and we are not in agreement. Neither of us can close it, hence the request for an admin to take a look. Thanks! <span style="padding:5px;font-family:Gothic;;background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(61, 60, 60, 1) 50%, rgba(194,194,192,1)100%">[[User:Wekeepwhatwekill|<span style="color:white">'''Wekeepwhatwekill'''</span>]]</span> 00:25, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :Deletion reviews are often open for weeks or in some cases months so I don't think it needs actions yet. Having said that I'll review the closure of the RfD and give an opinion. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 23:36, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == Possible block extension? == A thing i found out just now is that this isnt the first time the ip range [[User:2001:2020:0:0:0:0:0:0/32]] isnt blocked because i saw the block log and they were blocked 2 previous times in March 2023 for 72 hours for "Vandalism and trolling" and July 2024 for 2 weeks for "Behaviour and content issues" i think for this reason the range block should be more extended? [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 16:01, 2 June 2026 (UTC) :It's currently blocked for 6 months. This is an appropriate time, in my opinion. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:52, 2 June 2026 (UTC) ::Yeah in my opinion i think the the extension should be slightly extended and i made this thread because i did not know of the previous block logs until some days ago. Also they under different ip addresses harassed an ip user in February 2025:{{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simple_talk&diff=prev&oldid=10093178}} {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:179.109.143.137&diff=prev&oldid=10087866}} {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simple_talk&diff=prev&oldid=10089650}} {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Simple_talk&diff=prev&oldid=10089665}} {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard&diff=prev&oldid=10088356}} there is more: {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:179.109.143.218&diff=prev&oldid=10096907}} {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:179.109.143.218&diff=prev&oldid=10099652}} and {{plain link|url=https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:179.109.143.218&diff=prev&oldid=10099701}} i think their block should be slightly more extended due to these actions. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 17:13, 2 June 2026 (UTC) :::The block is fine as is. I understand that you feel like they harassed you and were "authoritarian" towards you, but we are not going to extend this block right now. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:27, 3 June 2026 (UTC) ::::no problem i already moved on from that and i just fix car articles not create articles. Best regards. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 16:28, 3 June 2026 (UTC) == Request for Semi-Protection: Aal-e-Ameer and Aal-e-Nafees == I respectfully request semi-protection of the following articles: Aal-e-Ameer Aal-e-Nafees Reason for request: These articles concern documented genealogical records and lineage history. The content is supported by published sources, including ISBN-registered works, DOI-indexed publications, and historical genealogical references cited within the articles. Because genealogy-related pages can be vulnerable to unsourced alterations, removal of sourced material, promotional additions, or other disruptive editing, I am requesting semi-protection to help preserve article stability and ensure that substantial changes are reviewed through normal editorial processes. The request is not intended to prevent constructive editing by established contributors. Rather, it is intended to reduce the likelihood of disruption from newly created or unregistered accounts while allowing experienced editors to continue improving the articles. If administrators believe protection is not currently warranted, I would appreciate a review of the pages and any guidance regarding additional measures that may help maintain article quality and compliance with Wikipedia policies. Thank you for your time and consideration. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33820-34|&#126;2026-33820-34]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33820-34|talk]]) 06:23, 8 June 2026 (UTC) == Protection request and potential user block/ban == Please consider protecting [[Eurovision Song Contest 2027]], the user WWmah keeps making the same poorly formatted edits with bad grammar, by adding countries with no evidence that they want to participate, here is evidence of their terrible edits there are many more like this [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_2027&oldid=10882096 ], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_2027&oldid=10880266 ], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_2027&oldid=10879748 ], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_2027&oldid=10878769 ], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_2027&oldid=10873165 ], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurovision_Song_Contest_2027&oldid=10865316 ]. I also think this user either needs to be blocked or banned. [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAuth/WWmah ] [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/WWmah ], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/WWmah ]. [[User:Greenock125|Greenock125]] ([[User talk:Greenock125|talk]]) 09:09, 9 June 2026 (UTC) == Protection request: Western Europe == The page [[Western Europe]] seems to be one of those instances where protection is the only option left. The only changes have been vandalism or reversions for about a month, and a short protection from Barras did not seem to fix the problem. I think longer protection is needed here. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:08, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 2dm6a6vt2qll6ee27soxx09houm5g08 0 236182 10882711 10461123 2026-06-09T22:40:12Z CozyWinter 1747934 Infobox 10882711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person/Wikidata|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Milton Friedman''' (July 31, 1912 &ndash; November 16, 2006) was an [[Americans|American]] [[economist]]. He believed in [[monetarism]]. Monetarism is the theory that how much money the government prints each year has a huge effect on the economy. He supported the government printing the same low rate of money each year rather than a different amount each year. Friedman was born in [[Brooklyn, New York]] to a [[Hungarians|Hungarian]]-[[Jew]]ish family. He was raised in [[Rahway, New Jersey]]. Friedman studied at [[Rutgers University]], at [[Columbia University]], and at the [[University of Chicago]]. He worked thirty years in [[Chicago]] with [[George Stigler]] as a leader of the [[Chicago school of economics]]. During the 1970s, Milton Friedman's idea of monetarism gained popularity and he became an economic advisor to President [[Ronald Reagan]]. Friedman believed that the government control over the economy should be limited. He supported cutting taxes, lowering government spending, getting rid of government rules that limited the economy and letting parents choose which school their taxes paid for. His political views were [[libertarian]]. He was against forcing people to join the army, and said that getting rid of United States military [[conscription]] was the thing he was most proud of doing. Throughout several decades, Friedman made many documentaries, books, and interviews to express his views to the public. The main books he wrote were ''Capitalism and Freedom'' and ''Free to Choose''. Friedman married Rose Director in 1938. Together, they had a son and a daughter. He was [[agnostic]]. Friedman died of [[heart failure]] in [[San Francisco, California]], aged 94.<ref name=reuters_20061116>{{cite web |first=Jim|last=Christie|date=November 16, 2006|title=Free market economist Milton Friedman dead at 94|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSWBT00621920061116|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=February 20, 2008}}</ref> He was survived by his wife and his two children. His remains were [[cremated]] and scattered over the [[San Francisco Bay area]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} {{commons}} * [http://hoohila.stanford.edu/friedman/index.php Milton and Rose Friedman: An Uncommon Couple] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219152750/http://hoohila.stanford.edu/friedman/index.php |date=2015-02-19 }} (Multiple Text, audio, video) * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7t1nb2hx/ The Milton Friedman papers] at the [http://www.hoover.org/hila Hoover Institution Archives] * [http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/busecon/econfac/Friedman.html Selected Bibliography for Milton Friedman] at the [[University of Chicago Library]] * [https://ideas.repec.org/e/pfr10.html Profile] and [http://econpapers.repec.org/RAS/pfr10.htm Papers] at [[Research Papers in Economics]]/RePEc * {{NYTtopic|people/f/milton_friedman}} * {{IMDb name|0295313}} * [http://bfi.uchicago.edu/ Becker Friedman Institute] at the [[University of Chicago]] * [http://www.edchoice.org/ The Foundation for Educational Choice] * [http://www.economictheories.org/2008/08/milton-friedman-histor-theory-biography.html Milton Fridman]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at Scarlett * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/friedman-lecture.html Inflation and Unemployment] 1976 lecture at [[NobelPrize.org]] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/friedman-speech.html Nobel Prize acceptance speech] * [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman Milton Friedman] -Citizendium {{Nobel Prize in economics}} {{National Medal of Science}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Friedman, Milton}} [[Category:1912 births]] [[Category:2006 deaths]] [[Category:American agnostics]] [[Category:American economists]] [[Category:American Nobel Prize winners]] [[Category:Jewish American academics]] [[Category:Jewish Nobel Prize winners]] [[Category:Libertarians]] [[Category:Republicans (United States)]] [[Category:Scientists from San Francisco]] [[Category:Writers from San Francisco]] [[Category:Writers from New Jersey]] [[Category:Educators from San Francisco]] [[Category:Educators from New Jersey]] [[Category:University of Chicago faculty]] [[Category:Educators from New York City]] [[Category:Writers from New York City]] [[Category:Rutgers University alumni]] [[Category:Nobel Prize in Economics winners]] q8fxt3yx47s460fbvnn02adf36q02cy 10882719 10882711 2026-06-09T22:45:06Z CozyWinter 1747934 Bibliography 10882719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person/Wikidata|fetchwikidata=ALL}} '''Milton Friedman''' (July 31, 1912 &ndash; November 16, 2006) was an [[Americans|American]] [[economist]]. He believed in [[monetarism]]. Monetarism is the theory that how much money the government prints each year has a huge effect on the economy. He supported the government printing the same low rate of money each year rather than a different amount each year. Friedman was born in [[Brooklyn, New York]] to a [[Hungarians|Hungarian]]-[[Jew]]ish family. He was raised in [[Rahway, New Jersey]]. Friedman studied at [[Rutgers University]], at [[Columbia University]], and at the [[University of Chicago]]. He worked thirty years in [[Chicago]] with [[George Stigler]] as a leader of the [[Chicago school of economics]]. During the 1970s, Milton Friedman's idea of monetarism gained popularity and he became an economic advisor to President [[Ronald Reagan]]. Friedman believed that the government control over the economy should be limited. He supported cutting taxes, lowering government spending, getting rid of government rules that limited the economy and letting parents choose which school their taxes paid for. His political views were [[libertarian]]. He was against forcing people to join the army, and said that getting rid of United States military [[conscription]] was the thing he was most proud of doing. Throughout several decades, Friedman made many documentaries, books, and interviews to express his views to the public. The main books he wrote were ''Capitalism and Freedom'' and ''Free to Choose''. Friedman married Rose Director in 1938. Together, they had a son and a daughter. He was [[agnostic]]. Friedman died of [[heart failure]] in [[San Francisco, California]], aged 94.<ref name=reuters_20061116>{{cite web |first=Jim|last=Christie|date=November 16, 2006|title=Free market economist Milton Friedman dead at 94|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSWBT00621920061116|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=February 20, 2008}}</ref> He was survived by his wife and his two children. His remains were [[cremated]] and scattered over the [[San Francisco Bay area]]. == Bibliography == ===Books=== * ''A Theory of the Consumption Function'' (1957) {{ISBN|1614278121}}. * ''[[A Program for Monetary Stability]]'' (Fordham University Press, 1960) 110 pp. online version {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101070712/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=22831717 |date=November 1, 2011 }} {{ISBN|0823203719}} * ''[[Capitalism and Freedom]]'' (1962), highly influential series of essays that established Friedman's position on major issues of public policy (excerpts) * ''[[A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960]]'', with Anna J. Schwartz, 1963; part 3 reprinted as ''The [[Great Contraction]]'' * "The Role of Monetary Policy", ''American Economic Review,'' Vol. 58, No. 1 (Mar. 1968), pp.&nbsp;1–17 JSTOR presidential address to American Economics Association * "Inflation and Unemployment: Nobel Lecture", 1977, ''[[Journal of Political Economy]]''. Vol. 85, pp.&nbsp;451–472. {{JSTOR|1830192}} * ''[[Free to Choose|Free to Choose: A Personal Statement]]'', with Rose Friedman, (1980), highly influential restatement of policy views * ''The Essence of Friedman'', essays edited by Kurt R. Leube, (1987) ({{ISBN|0817986626}}) * ''Two Lucky People: Memoirs'' (with Rose Friedman) {{ISBN|0226264149}} (1998) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0226264149 excerpt and text search] * ''Milton Friedman on Economics: Selected Papers by Milton Friedman'', edited by Gary S. Becker (2008) ===Articles=== * {{cite journal | first = Milton | last = Friedman | title = The Demand for Money: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results | journal = [[Journal of Political Economy]] | volume = 67 | issue = 4 | year = 1959 | pages = 327–51 | doi = 10.1086/258194 }} * {{cite journal | first = Milton | last = Friedman | author-mask = 1 | title = The Role of Monetary Policy | journal = [[American Economic Review]] | volume = 58 | issue = 1 | year = 1968 | pages = 1–17 | url = https://www.aeaweb.org/aer/top20/58.1.1-17.pdf?version=meter+at+null&module=meter-Links&pgtype=article&contentId=&mediaId=&referrer=&priority=true&action=click&contentCollection=meter-links-click }} * {{cite journal | first = Milton | last = Friedman | author-mask = 1 | title = Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment | journal = Journal of Political Economy | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | year = 1977 | pages = 451–72 | doi = 10.1086/260579 }} * {{cite journal | first = Milton | last = Friedman | author-mask = 1 | title = The Limitations of Tax Limitation | journal = [[Quadrant (magazine)|Quadrant]] | volume = 22 | issue = 8 | year = 1978 | pages = 22–24 | url = https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.148513023132864}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} {{commons}} * [http://hoohila.stanford.edu/friedman/index.php Milton and Rose Friedman: An Uncommon Couple] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219152750/http://hoohila.stanford.edu/friedman/index.php |date=2015-02-19 }} (Multiple Text, audio, video) * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7t1nb2hx/ The Milton Friedman papers] at the [http://www.hoover.org/hila Hoover Institution Archives] * [http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/busecon/econfac/Friedman.html Selected Bibliography for Milton Friedman] at the [[University of Chicago Library]] * [https://ideas.repec.org/e/pfr10.html Profile] and [http://econpapers.repec.org/RAS/pfr10.htm Papers] at [[Research Papers in Economics]]/RePEc * {{NYTtopic|people/f/milton_friedman}} * {{IMDb name|0295313}} * [http://bfi.uchicago.edu/ Becker Friedman Institute] at the [[University of Chicago]] * [http://www.edchoice.org/ The Foundation for Educational Choice] * [http://www.economictheories.org/2008/08/milton-friedman-histor-theory-biography.html Milton Fridman]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at Scarlett * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/friedman-lecture.html Inflation and Unemployment] 1976 lecture at [[NobelPrize.org]] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1976/friedman-speech.html Nobel Prize acceptance speech] * [http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman Milton Friedman] -Citizendium {{Nobel Prize in economics}} {{National Medal of Science}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Friedman, Milton}} [[Category:1912 births]] [[Category:2006 deaths]] [[Category:American agnostics]] [[Category:American economists]] [[Category:American Nobel Prize winners]] [[Category:Jewish American academics]] [[Category:Jewish Nobel Prize winners]] [[Category:Libertarians]] [[Category:Republicans (United States)]] [[Category:Scientists from San Francisco]] [[Category:Writers from San Francisco]] [[Category:Writers from New Jersey]] [[Category:Educators from San Francisco]] [[Category:Educators from New Jersey]] [[Category:University of Chicago faculty]] [[Category:Educators from New York City]] [[Category:Writers from New York City]] [[Category:Rutgers University alumni]] [[Category:Nobel Prize in Economics winners]] t6iw209aqz9wwsqnck49yprftgmi4li 0 244851 10882694 10871721 2026-06-09T21:58:19Z Rebeltronic 1558358 /* Android version numbers and names */ updated list 10882694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} <!--{{Other uses|Android}}--> {{Infobox OS | name = | logo = Android 2023 3D logo and wordmark.svg | logo caption = Wordmark and logo used since 2023 | logo size = 250px | logo alt = A flat robot head, a green semicircle with antennas and small holes for eyes. | screenshot = | screenshot_size = 214px | caption = | collapsible = | developer = Various (mostly [[Google]]) | family = [[Unix-like]] (modified [[Linux kernel]]) | working state = Current | source model = [[Open source software|Open source]], [[freeware]] (most devices include [[proprietary software|proprietary]] components, such as [[Google Play Services]] or [[One UI]]) | released = {{Start date and age|2008|9|23}} | latest preview version = [[Android 16 Developer Preview 1]] | latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2024|11|19}} | latest release version = [[Android 15]] | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2024|09|03}} | marketing target = [[Smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, [[smart TV]]s ([[Android TV]]), [[Android Auto]] and [[smartwatch]]es ([[Wear OS]]) | programmed in = [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] (UI), [[C (programming language)|C]] (core), [[C++]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2022/12/memory-safe-languages-in-android-13.html | title=Memory Safe Languages in Android 13 }}</ref> and others | language = <!-- Supported human languages (English, French, Italian, Arabic, ...) --> | language count = 100+ <!--7.0 has "100 new languages", so 170? or just 100[+]? --> | update model = [[Over-the-air update|Over-the-air]] | package manager = [[apk (file format)|APK]]-based | supported platforms = [[ARM64]] (previous versions were also compatible with ARMv7, x86, x86-64, MIPS and RISC-V; these architectures are still unofficially supported via third-party solutions)<ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Érika|title=Google bans 32-bit apps from Android for good|work=Blog Uptodown International |date=September 2021|url=https://blog.en.uptodown.com/google-bans-32-bit-apps-from-android-for-good/|access-date=November 22, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 12, 2021|title=32-bits is dead: Here's what it means for Android, Apple, and more|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-32-vs-64-bit-explained-1232065/|access-date=November 22, 2021|website=Android Authority}}</ref> | kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]]) | userland = [[Bionic (software)|Bionic libc]], [[KornShell|mksh]] shell, [[Toybox]] as core utilities <!-- Toybox in all currently supported, i.e. not in 6.0 and earlier: previously native core utilities with a few from [[NetBSD]] --> | ui = [[Graphical user interface|Graphical]] ([[multi-touch]]) | license = {{unbulleted list|[[Apache License]] 2.0 for userspace software|[[GNU GPL]] v2 for the [[Linux kernel]] modifications}} | website = {{Official URL}} | support_status = Supported | other articles = [[Android version history]] }} '''Android''' is an [[operating system]] used in [[mobile device]]s. It is mostly used for [[smartphone]]s, like [[Google]]'s own [[Google Pixel]], as well as by other phone manufacturers like [[HTC Corporation|HTC]] and [[Samsung]]. It has also been used for [[Tablet computer|tablets]] such as the [[Motorola]], Xoom and [[Kindle Fire|Amazon Kindle Fire]]. A modified [[Linux kernel]] is used as Android's [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/android|title=Google Play services|website=Google Developers}}</ref> Google says that over 1.3 million Android [[smartphone]]s are sold every day.<ref name="Eric Schmidt">{{cite web | title= There Are Now 1.3 Million Android Device Activations Per Day |publisher= [[:en:TechCrunch|TechCrunch]] |date= September 5, 2012 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/05/eric-schmidt-there-are-now-1-3-million-android-device-activations-per-day/ }}</ref> Most mobile phones run Android, making it the most popular [[mobile operating system]]. It is also the most popular operating system in general. It supports [[multitasking]], and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics. Security updates are not provided on versions older than Android 10. Newer versions receive security updates if the phone manufacturer supports them. Phones which have Android 10 and above receive security updates (like app updates) directly from Google Play. The current stable version is Android 15, released on September 3, 2024. == Android programs == [[Computer program|Programs]] for Android, also called "apps" (short for [[Mobile application|applications]]), usually come from the [[Google Play]] Store. The Android programs have a [[file extension]] of [[APK (file format)|.APK]]. On May 7, 2019, [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] replaced Java as Google’s preferred language for Android app development. Java is still supported, as is C++. Google states that<ref name="Android Dev Fundamentals">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals|title=Application Fundamentals|website=Android Developers}}</ref> "Android apps can be written using [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[C++]] languages". Other languages may also be used; such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and Go, and those languages and even C++ may have restrictions. <!-- but the [[User interface|UI]] is always made using [[Java]] and [[XML]]. --> Large portions of the operating system itself are also written in Java. Over 2.6 million apps are available for Android in the Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of apps on Android Devices|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps-available-in-leading-app-stores/|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=statista}}</ref> Some apps are distributed elsewhere. Android, Inc. began working on the Android operating system in 2003. In the future, Google bought it in 2005. The software development kit (SDK) for Android OS was launched on November 12, 2007, while the beta version was made available on November 5, 2007. In October 2008, the T-Mobile G1 (also known as the HTC Dream) became the first Android smartphone to be made available to the general market. Google revealed in August 2019 that the candy scheme was coming to an end and that future Android releases would instead use numerical ordering. Android 10 was the first Android version to be made available in numerical order. == Android version numbers and names == [[Software versioning|Versions]] of Android have a number and have had a name based on [[confectionery|confectioneries]], up to and including Android 9 Pie, but since then it has mostly been a number, with the code name usually only being used internally and by Developers and manufacturers. The version numbers and names are: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Name ! Internal codename<ref name="Codenames">{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref> ! Version number(s) ! Release date |- | [[Android 1.0]] | {{N/A}} | {{Version|o|1.0}} | September 23, 2008 |- | [[Android 1.1]] | Petit Four | {{Version|o|1.1}} | February 9, 2009 |- | [[Android Cupcake]] | Cupcake | {{Version|o|1.5}} | April 27, 2009 |- | [[Android Donut]] | Donut | {{Version|o|1.6}} | September 15, 2009 |- | rowspan="3" | [[Android Eclair]] | rowspan="3" | Eclair | {{Version|o|2.0}} | October 27, 2009 |- | {{Version|o|2.0.1}} | December 3, 2009 |- | {{Version|o|2.1}} | January 11, 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Android Froyo]] | Froyo | {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}} | May 20, 2010 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Gingerbread]] | rowspan="2" | Gingerbread | {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}} | December 6, 2010 |- | {{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}} | February 9, 2011 |- | rowspan="3" | [[Android Honeycomb]] | rowspan="3" | Honeycomb | {{Version|o|3.0}} | February 22, 2011 |- | {{Version|o|3.1}} | May 10, 2011 |- | {{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}} | July 15, 2011 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich]] | rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich | {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}} | October 18, 2011 |- | {{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}} | December 16, 2011 |- | rowspan="3" | [[Android Jelly Bean]] | rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean | {{Version|o|4.1 – 4.1.2}} | July 9, 2012 |- | {{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}} | November 13, 2012 |- | {{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}} | July 24, 2013 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android KitKat]] | rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie | {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}} | October 31, 2013 |- | {{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}} | June 25, 2014 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Lollipop]] | rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie | {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}} | November 12, 2014 |- | {{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}} | March 9, 2015 |- | [[Android Marshmallow]] | Macadamia Nut Cookie | {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}} | October 5, 2015 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Nougat]] | rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake | {{Version|o|7.0}} | August 22, 2016 |- | {{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}} | October 4, 2016 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Oreo]] | rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie | {{Version|o|8.0}} | August 21, 2017 |- | {{Version|o|8.1}} | December 5, 2017 |- | [[Android Pie]] | Pistachio Ice Cream<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Version|o|9}} | August 6, 2018 |- | [[Android 10]] | Quince Tart<ref name="VergeQR">{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Version|o|10}} | September 3, 2019 |- | [[Android 11]] | Red Velvet Cake<ref name="VergeQR"/> | {{Version|o|11}} | September 8, 2020 |- | [[Android 12]] | Snow Cone | {{Version|o|12}} | October 19, 2021 |- | [[Android 12L]] | Snow Cone v2 | {{version|o|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.<ref name="FactoryImages">{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }}</ref> The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | March 7, 2022 |- | [[Android 13]] | Tiramisu | {{Version|o|13}} | August 15, 2022 |- | [[Android 14]] | Upside Down Cake<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename… Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=[[9to5Google]] |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Version|co|14}} | October 4, 2023 |- | [[Android 15]] | Vanilla Ice Cream<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[XDA Developers]] |date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | {{Version|co|15}} | September 3, 2024 |- | [[Android 16]] | Baklava | {{Version|c|16}} | November 19, 2024 |- | [[Android 17]] | Cinnamon Bun<ref>{{cite web |title=We now know the dessert codename for Android 17 |url=https://www.gsmarena.com/we_now_know_the_dessert_codename_for_android_17-news-68980.php |website=GSMArena |date=9 August 2025 |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> | {{Version|cp|17}} | {{tba}} |- | colspan="4" | {{Version|l|show=111110}} |} ;Notes {{notelist}} == Related pages == * [[Operating system]] * [[Linux]] * [[Google Nexus]] * [[Google Pixel]] * [[Samsung Galaxy]] * [[Androidland]] * [[iOS]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Android (operating system)}} * {{Official website}} * [https://developer.android.com/ Android Developers] * [https://source.android.com/ Android Open Source Project] {{Google LLC}} {{authority control}} {{Android smartphones}} [[Category:Android (operating system)| ]] pmy4gzwope0hf9r8acrzka8af2tlmnk 10882696 10882694 2026-06-09T22:00:55Z Rebeltronic 1558358 updated versions in infobox 10882696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}} <!--{{Other uses|Android}}--> {{Infobox OS | name = | logo = Android 2023 3D logo and wordmark.svg | logo caption = Wordmark and logo used since 2023 | logo size = 250px | logo alt = A flat robot head, a green semicircle with antennas and small holes for eyes. | screenshot = | screenshot_size = 214px | caption = | collapsible = | developer = Various (mostly [[Google]]) | family = [[Unix-like]] (modified [[Linux kernel]]) | working state = Current | source model = [[Open source software|Open source]], [[freeware]] (most devices include [[proprietary software|proprietary]] components, such as [[Google Play Services]] or [[One UI]]) | released = {{Start date and age|2008|9|23}} | latest preview version = [[Android 17|Android 17 Beta 4]] | latest preview date = {{Start date and age|2026|04|16}} | latest release version = [[Android 16]] | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025|06|10}} | marketing target = [[Smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, [[smart TV]]s ([[Android TV]]), [[Android Auto]] and [[smartwatch]]es ([[Wear OS]]) | programmed in = [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] (UI), [[C (programming language)|C]] (core), [[C++]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2022/12/memory-safe-languages-in-android-13.html | title=Memory Safe Languages in Android 13 }}</ref> and others | language = <!-- Supported human languages (English, French, Italian, Arabic, ...) --> | language count = 100+ <!--7.0 has "100 new languages", so 170? or just 100[+]? --> | update model = [[Over-the-air update|Over-the-air]] | package manager = [[apk (file format)|APK]]-based | supported platforms = [[ARM64]] (previous versions were also compatible with ARMv7, x86, x86-64, MIPS and RISC-V; these architectures are still unofficially supported via third-party solutions)<ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Érika|title=Google bans 32-bit apps from Android for good|work=Blog Uptodown International |date=September 2021|url=https://blog.en.uptodown.com/google-bans-32-bit-apps-from-android-for-good/|access-date=November 22, 2021|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 12, 2021|title=32-bits is dead: Here's what it means for Android, Apple, and more|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/arm-32-vs-64-bit-explained-1232065/|access-date=November 22, 2021|website=Android Authority}}</ref> | kernel type = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] ([[Linux kernel]]) | userland = [[Bionic (software)|Bionic libc]], [[KornShell|mksh]] shell, [[Toybox]] as core utilities <!-- Toybox in all currently supported, i.e. not in 6.0 and earlier: previously native core utilities with a few from [[NetBSD]] --> | ui = [[Graphical user interface|Graphical]] ([[multi-touch]]) | license = {{unbulleted list|[[Apache License]] 2.0 for userspace software|[[GNU GPL]] v2 for the [[Linux kernel]] modifications}} | website = {{Official URL}} | support_status = Supported | other articles = [[Android version history]] }} '''Android''' is an [[operating system]] used in [[mobile device]]s. It is mostly used for [[smartphone]]s, like [[Google]]'s own [[Google Pixel]], as well as by other phone manufacturers like [[HTC Corporation|HTC]] and [[Samsung]]. It has also been used for [[Tablet computer|tablets]] such as the [[Motorola]], Xoom and [[Kindle Fire|Amazon Kindle Fire]]. A modified [[Linux kernel]] is used as Android's [[Kernel (computer science)|kernel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/android|title=Google Play services|website=Google Developers}}</ref> Google says that over 1.3 million Android [[smartphone]]s are sold every day.<ref name="Eric Schmidt">{{cite web | title= There Are Now 1.3 Million Android Device Activations Per Day |publisher= [[:en:TechCrunch|TechCrunch]] |date= September 5, 2012 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/05/eric-schmidt-there-are-now-1-3-million-android-device-activations-per-day/ }}</ref> Most mobile phones run Android, making it the most popular [[mobile operating system]]. It is also the most popular operating system in general. It supports [[multitasking]], and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics. Security updates are not provided on versions older than Android 10. Newer versions receive security updates if the phone manufacturer supports them. Phones which have Android 10 and above receive security updates (like app updates) directly from Google Play. The current stable version is Android 15, released on September 3, 2024. == Android programs == [[Computer program|Programs]] for Android, also called "apps" (short for [[Mobile application|applications]]), usually come from the [[Google Play]] Store. The Android programs have a [[file extension]] of [[APK (file format)|.APK]]. On May 7, 2019, [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]] replaced Java as Google’s preferred language for Android app development. Java is still supported, as is C++. Google states that<ref name="Android Dev Fundamentals">{{Cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals|title=Application Fundamentals|website=Android Developers}}</ref> "Android apps can be written using [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], and [[C++]] languages". Other languages may also be used; such as [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and Go, and those languages and even C++ may have restrictions. <!-- but the [[User interface|UI]] is always made using [[Java]] and [[XML]]. --> Large portions of the operating system itself are also written in Java. Over 2.6 million apps are available for Android in the Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of apps on Android Devices|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/276623/number-of-apps-available-in-leading-app-stores/|access-date=November 17, 2018|website=statista}}</ref> Some apps are distributed elsewhere. Android, Inc. began working on the Android operating system in 2003. In the future, Google bought it in 2005. The software development kit (SDK) for Android OS was launched on November 12, 2007, while the beta version was made available on November 5, 2007. In October 2008, the T-Mobile G1 (also known as the HTC Dream) became the first Android smartphone to be made available to the general market. Google revealed in August 2019 that the candy scheme was coming to an end and that future Android releases would instead use numerical ordering. Android 10 was the first Android version to be made available in numerical order. == Android version numbers and names == [[Software versioning|Versions]] of Android have a number and have had a name based on [[confectionery|confectioneries]], up to and including Android 9 Pie, but since then it has mostly been a number, with the code name usually only being used internally and by Developers and manufacturers. The version numbers and names are: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Name ! Internal codename<ref name="Codenames">{{Cite web |title=Codenames, Tags, and Build Numbers |url=https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |access-date=June 1, 2022 |website=Android Open Source Project |publisher=Google |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122032/https://source.android.com/setup/start/build-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref> ! Version number(s) ! Release date |- | [[Android 1.0]] | {{N/A}} | {{Version|o|1.0}} | September 23, 2008 |- | [[Android 1.1]] | Petit Four | {{Version|o|1.1}} | February 9, 2009 |- | [[Android Cupcake]] | Cupcake | {{Version|o|1.5}} | April 27, 2009 |- | [[Android Donut]] | Donut | {{Version|o|1.6}} | September 15, 2009 |- | rowspan="3" | [[Android Eclair]] | rowspan="3" | Eclair | {{Version|o|2.0}} | October 27, 2009 |- | {{Version|o|2.0.1}} | December 3, 2009 |- | {{Version|o|2.1}} | January 11, 2010<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |title=Android 2.1 SDK |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134715/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2010/01/android-21-sdk.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | [[Android Froyo]] | Froyo | {{Version|o|2.2 – 2.2.3}} | May 20, 2010 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Gingerbread]] | rowspan="2" | Gingerbread | {{Version|o|2.3 – 2.3.2}} | December 6, 2010 |- | {{Version|o|2.3.3 – 2.3.7}} | February 9, 2011 |- | rowspan="3" | [[Android Honeycomb]] | rowspan="3" | Honeycomb | {{Version|o|3.0}} | February 22, 2011 |- | {{Version|o|3.1}} | May 10, 2011 |- | {{Version|o|3.2 – 3.2.6}} | July 15, 2011 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Ice Cream Sandwich]] | rowspan="2" | Ice Cream Sandwich | {{Version|o|4.0 – 4.0.2}} | October 18, 2011 |- | {{Version|o|4.0.3 – 4.0.4}} | December 16, 2011 |- | rowspan="3" | [[Android Jelly Bean]] | rowspan="3" | Jelly Bean | {{Version|o|4.1 – 4.1.2}} | July 9, 2012 |- | {{Version|o|4.2 – 4.2.2}} | November 13, 2012 |- | {{Version|o|4.3 – 4.3.1}} | July 24, 2013 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android KitKat]] | rowspan="2" | Key Lime Pie | {{Version|o|4.4 – 4.4.4}} | October 31, 2013 |- | {{Version|o|4.4W – 4.4W.2}} | June 25, 2014 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Lollipop]] | rowspan="2" | Lemon Meringue Pie | {{Version|o|5.0 – 5.0.2}} | November 12, 2014 |- | {{Version|o|5.1 – 5.1.1}} | March 9, 2015 |- | [[Android Marshmallow]] | Macadamia Nut Cookie | {{Version|o|6.0 – 6.0.1}} | October 5, 2015 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Nougat]] | rowspan="2" | New York Cheesecake | {{Version|o|7.0}} | August 22, 2016 |- | {{Version|o|7.1 – 7.1.2}} | October 4, 2016 |- | rowspan="2" | [[Android Oreo]] | rowspan="2" | Oatmeal Cookie | {{Version|o|8.0}} | August 21, 2017 |- | {{Version|o|8.1}} | December 5, 2017 |- | [[Android Pie]] | Pistachio Ice Cream<ref>{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Steven |title=Android P being referred to as 'Pistachio Ice Cream' internally at Google |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=December 15, 2021 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134820/https://www.neowin.net/news/android-p-being-referred-to-as-pistachio-ice-cream-internally-at-google/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Version|o|9}} | August 6, 2018 |- | [[Android 10]] | Quince Tart<ref name="VergeQR">{{cite web |last1=Gartenberg |first1=Chaim |title=Even Android 11 is cake |url=https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |website=The Verge |date=July 23, 2020 |publisher=Vox Media, LLC |access-date=July 27, 2021 |quote=Burke revealed last year that Android Q had been internally known as "Quince Tart" |archive-date=December 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217230719/https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2020/7/23/21336209/android-11-r-red-velvet-cake-internal-code-name-dessert-google |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Version|o|10}} | September 3, 2019 |- | [[Android 11]] | Red Velvet Cake<ref name="VergeQR"/> | {{Version|o|11}} | September 8, 2020 |- | [[Android 12]] | Snow Cone | {{Version|o|12}} | October 19, 2021 |- | [[Android 12L]] | Snow Cone v2 | {{version|o|12.1}}{{efn|name=A12.1|12L launched as part of the March 2022 security update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates display the version as 12.1.<ref name="FactoryImages">{{cite web |access-date=March 31, 2022 |title=Factory Images for Nexus and Pixel Devices |url=https://developers.google.com/android/images |website=Google Developers |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151606/https://developers.google.com/android/images |url-status=live }}</ref> The device's about page will still show the Android version as 12.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Ron |last1=Amadeo |access-date=2023-03-08 |title=Android 12L is official as "Android 12.1," rolling out now to Pixel phones |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |date=March 7, 2022 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307232151/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/tablet-focused-android-12l-update-rolls-out-just-not-to-any-tablets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | March 7, 2022 |- | [[Android 13]] | Tiramisu | {{Version|o|13}} | August 15, 2022 |- | [[Android 14]] | Upside Down Cake<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bradshaw |first1=Kyle |title=Android 14 gets official internal codename… Upside Down Cake |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |publisher=[[9to5Google]] |date=April 22, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114134822/https://9to5google.com/2022/04/22/android-14-gets-official-internal-codename-upside-down-cake/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | {{Version|co|14}} | October 4, 2023 |- | [[Android 15]] | Vanilla Ice Cream<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cantisano |first1=Timi |title=Android 15 dessert-themed codename revealed as 'Vanilla Ice Cream' |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/android-15-vanilla-ice-cream/ |access-date=27 April 2023 |work=[[XDA Developers]] |date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | {{Version|co|15}} | September 3, 2024 |- | [[Android 16]] | Baklava | {{Version|c|16}} | November 19, 2024 |- | [[Android 17]] | Cinnamon Bun<ref>{{cite web |title=We now know the dessert codename for Android 17 |url=https://www.gsmarena.com/we_now_know_the_dessert_codename_for_android_17-news-68980.php |website=GSMArena |date=9 August 2025 |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> | {{Version|cp|17}} | {{tba}} |- | colspan="4" | {{Version|l|show=111110}} |} ;Notes {{notelist}} == Related pages == * [[Operating system]] * [[Linux]] * [[Google Nexus]] * [[Google Pixel]] * [[Samsung Galaxy]] * [[Androidland]] * [[iOS]] == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Android (operating system)}} * {{Official website}} * [https://developer.android.com/ Android Developers] * [https://source.android.com/ Android Open Source Project] {{Google LLC}} {{authority control}} {{Android smartphones}} [[Category:Android (operating system)| ]] j56m7svap58axievere6d8umljvvoo6 0 247188 10882382 10587203 2026-06-09T14:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Toni Kroos | image = Toni Kroos Real Madrid 2021.jpg | caption = Kroos in 2021 | full_name = Toni Kroos<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 21 de septiembre de 2016, en Madrid |trans-title=Minutes of the Match held on 21 September 2016, in Madrid |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=36373 |access-date=15 June 2019 |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|1|4|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2018 |title=FIFA World Cup Russia 2018: List of Players: Germany |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206135930/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |archive-date=6 December 2019 |publisher=FIFA |page=12}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Greifswald]], East Germany | height = 1.83 m<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kroos |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad/toni-kroos |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=Real Madrid CF}}</ref> | position = [[Midfielder]] | youthyears1 = 1997–2002 | youthclubs1 = [[Greifswalder SC]] | youthyears2 = 2002–2006 | youthclubs2 = [[F.C. Hansa Rostock|Hansa Rostock]] | youthyears3 = 2006–2007 | youthclubs3 = [[Bayern Munich Junior Team|Bayern Munich]] | years1 = 2007–2008 | clubs1 = [[FC Bayern Munich II|Bayern Munich II]] | caps1 = 13 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2007–2014 | clubs2 = [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] | caps2 = 130 | goals2 = 13 | years3 = 2009–2010 | clubs3 = → [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] (loan) | caps3 = 43 | goals3 = 10 | years4 = 2014–2024 | clubs4 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps4 = 306<!-- LEAGUE ONLY--> | goals4 = 22 | totalcaps = 492 | totalgoals = 49 | nationalyears1 = 2005–2007 | nationalteam1 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U17]] | nationalcaps1 = 34 | nationalgoals1 = 17 | nationalyears2 = 2009 | nationalteam2 = [[Germany national youth football team|Germany U19]] | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 3 | nationalyears3 = 2008–2009 | nationalteam3 = [[Germany national under-21 football team|Germany U21]] | nationalcaps3 = 10 | nationalgoals3 = 2 | nationalyears4 = 2010–2024 | nationalteam4 = [[Germany national football team|Germany]] | nationalcaps4 = 114 | nationalgoals4 = 17 | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|GER}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA World Cup]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014 Brazil]]|}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2010 FIFA World Cup|2010 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[UEFA European Championship]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[UEFA Euro 2012|2012 Poland–Ukraine]]|}}<!-- Though there was no third place playoff, UEFA decided in the 2012 edition to award the semi-final losers (Germany and Portugal) bronze medals for the first time: https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/competitions/euro/91/87/57/918757_download.pdf --> {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA U-17 World Cup]]}} {{Medal|3rd|[[2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup|2007 South Korea]]|}} }} '''Toni Kroos''' (born 4 January 1990) is a former [[Germany|German]] [[Association football|football]] player. ==Career statistics== ===Club=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition !rowspan="2"|Club !rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|National cup{{efn|Includes [[DFB-Pokal]], [[Copa del Rey]]}} !colspan="2"|Europe{{efn|All appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], unless otherwise noted}} !colspan="2"|Other !colspan="2"|Total |- !Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="3"|[[FC Bayern Munich II|Bayern Munich II]] |[[2007–08 Regionalliga#South|2007–08]]<ref name="Spieler-Statistik 2007/08"/> |[[Regionalliga Süd (1994–2012)|Regionalliga Süd]] |12||3||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||12||3 |- |[[2008–09 FC Bayern Munich II season|2008–09]]<ref name="Spiele als Spieler 2008/2009"/> |[[3. Liga]] |1||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||1||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !13||4||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||13||4 |- |rowspan="7"|[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] |[[2007–08 FC Bayern Munich season|2007–08]]<ref name="Spieler-Statistik 2007/08">{{Cite web |title=Kroos, Toni |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2007-08/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=kicker |language=de |archive-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110030747/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2007-08/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Bundesliga]] |12||0||2||0||6{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Cup]]}}||1||colspan="2"|—||20||1 |- |[[2008–09 FC Bayern Munich season|2008–09]]<ref name="Spiele als Spieler 2008/2009">{{cite web |title=Toni Kroos |url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/kroosanton/2009/ |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=Fussballdaten.de |language=de |archive-date=3 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403130254/http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/kroosanton/2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |Bundesliga |7||0||1||1||1||0||colspan="2"|—||9||1 |- |[[2010–11 FC Bayern Munich season|2010–11]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kroos, Toni |url=https://www.kicker.de/toni-kroos/spieler/la-liga/2023-24/real-madrid |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=kicker |language=de |archive-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512063844/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2010-11/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |Bundesliga |27||1||3||1||7||1||colspan="2"|—||37||3 |- |[[2011–12 FC Bayern Munich season|2011–12]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kroos, Toni |url=https://www.kicker.de/toni-kroos/spieler/la-liga/2023-24/real-madrid |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=kicker |language=de |archive-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110030751/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2011-12/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |Bundesliga |31||4||6||1||14||2||colspan="2"|—||51||7 |- |[[2012–13 FC Bayern Munich season|2012–13]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kroos, Toni |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |access-date=22 March 2014 |publisher=kicker |language=de |archive-date=3 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203030647/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2012-13/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2012 |title=Die Bayern holen den ersten Titel der Saison |language=de |work=kicker |url=https://www.kicker.de/bayern-gegen-dortmund-2012-dfl-supercup-1426981/analyse |access-date=11 March 2014 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501232854/https://www.kicker.de/d-supercup-fb-1/2012/1/1426981/spielbericht_bayern-muenchen-14_borussia-dortmund-17.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |Bundesliga |24||6||3||0||9||3||1{{efn|Appearance in [[DFL-Supercup]]}}||0||37||9 |- |[[2013–14 FC Bayern Munich season|2013–14]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches">{{Cite web |title=Toni Kroos " Club matches |url=http://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/toni-kroos/2/ |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=World Football |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915035828/https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/toni-kroos/2/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kroos, Toni |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2013-14/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |access-date=17 May 2014 |publisher=kicker |language=de |archive-date=3 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203030458/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2013-14/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Bundesliga |29||2||6||1||12||1||4{{efn|One appearance in DFL-Supercup, one appearance in [[UEFA Super Cup]], two appearances in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}}||0||51||4 |- !colspan="2"|Total !130||13||21||4||49||8||5||0||205||25 |- |rowspan="3"|[[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] (loan) |[[2008–09 Bayer 04 Leverkusen season|2008–09]]<ref name="Spiele als Spieler 2008/2009"/> |Bundesliga |10||1||3||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||13||1 |- |[[2009–10 Bayer 04 Leverkusen season|2009–10]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Kroos, Toni |url=http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2009-10/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=kicker |language=de |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110806/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/vereine/2009-10/39198/vereinsspieler_toni-kroos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Bundesliga |33||9||2||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||35||9 |- !colspan="2"|Total !43||10||5||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||48||10 |- |rowspan="11"|[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |[[2014–15 Real Madrid CF season|2014–15]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |[[La Liga]] |36||2||2||0||12||0||5{{efn|Two appearances in [[Supercopa de España]], one appearance in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances in FIFA Club World Cup}}||0||55||2 |- |[[2015–16 Real Madrid CF season|2015–16]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |32||1||0||0||12||0||colspan="2"|—||44||1 |- |[[2016–17 Real Madrid CF season|2016–17]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |29||3||5||0||12||1||2{{efn|Appearances in FIFA Club World Cup}}||0||48||4 |- |[[2017–18 Real Madrid CF season|2017–18]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |27||5||0||0||12||0||4{{efn|Two appearances in Supercopa de España, one appearance in UEFA Super Cup, one appearance in FIFA Club World Cup}}||0||43||5 |- |[[2018–19 Real Madrid CF season|2018–19]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |28||0||4||0||8||1||3{{efn|One appearance in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances in FIFA Club World Cup}}||0||43||1 |- |[[2019–20 Real Madrid CF season|2019–20]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |35||4||2||0||6||1||2{{efn|Appearance(s) in Supercopa de España|name=Sup}}||1||45||6 |- |[[2020–21 Real Madrid CF season|2020–21]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |28||3||1||0||12||0||1{{efn|name=Sup}}||0||42||3 |- |[[2021–22 Real Madrid CF season|2021–22]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |28||1||3||0||12||2||2{{efn|name=Sup}}||0||45||3 |- |[[2022–23 Real Madrid CF season|2022–23]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |30||2||5||0||12||0||5{{efn|Two appearances in Supercopa de España, one appearance in UEFA Super Cup, two appearances in FIFA Club World Cup}}||0||52||2 |- |[[2023–24 Real Madrid CF season|2023–24]]<ref name="Toni Kroos » Club matches" /> |La Liga |33||1||1||0||12||0||2{{efn|name=Sup}}||0||48||1 |- !colspan="2"|Total !306||22||23||0||110||5||26||1||465||28 |- !colspan="3"|Career total !492||49||49||4||159||13||31||1||731||67 |} {{notelist}} ===International=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Appearances and goals by national team and year<ref>{{NFT player|access-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> |- !National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals |- |rowspan="16"|[[Germany national football team|Germany]] |- |2010||13||0 |- |2011||11||2 |- |2012||10||2 |- |2013||7||1 |- |2014||16||4 |- |2015||5||0 |- |2016||12||3 |- |2017||6||0 |- |2018||11||2 |- |2019||5||3 |- |2020||5||0 |- |2021||5||0 |- |2022||0||0 |- |2023||0||0 |- |2024||8||0 |- !colspan="2"|Total||114||17 |} :''Germany score listed first, score column indicates score after each Kroos goal''<ref>{{Soccerway|access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ List of international goals scored by Toni Kroos |- ! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition |- | align=center| 1 || 6 September 2011 || [[Stadion Gdańsk]], Gdańsk, Poland || {{fb|POL}} || align=center| 1–1 || align=center| 2–2 || [[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- | align=center| 2 || 11 November 2011 || [[Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex]], Kyiv, Ukraine || {{fb|UKR}} || align=center| 1–2 || align=center| 3–3 || [[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- | align=center| 3 ||rowspan=2 |12 October 2012 ||rowspan=2 | [[Aviva Stadium]], Dublin, Ireland ||rowspan=2 | {{fb|IRL}} || align=center| 5–0 || rowspan=2 align=center| 6–1 ||rowspan=2 | [[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align=center| 4 ||align=center| 6–0 |- | align=center| 5 || 6 September 2013 || [[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany || {{fb|AUT}} ||align=center| 2–0 || align=center| 3–0 ||[[2014 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align=center| 6 ||rowspan=2 | [[Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)|8 July 2014]] || rowspan=2 | [[Mineirão]], Belo Horizonte, Brazil ||rowspan=2 | {{fb|BRA}} ||align=center| 3–0 ||rowspan=2 align=center| [[Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)|7–1]] ||rowspan=2 | [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] |- | align=center| 7 || align=center| 4–0 |- | align=center| 8 || 14 October 2014 || [[Arena AufSchalke]], Gelsenkirchen, Germany || {{fb|IRL}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 1–1 || [[UEFA Euro 2016 qualification]] |- | align=center| 9 || 18 November 2014 || [[Balaídos]], Vigo, Spain || {{fb|ESP}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 1–0 || [[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- | align=center| 10 || 26 March 2016 || [[Olympic Stadium (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]], Berlin, Germany || {{fb|ENG}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 2–3 || [[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- | align=center| 11 || 29 March 2016 || [[Allianz Arena]], Munich, Germany || {{fb|ITA}} || align=center| 1–0 || align=center| 4–1 || [[Friendly (association football)|Friendly]] |- | align=center| 12 || 8 October 2016 || [[Volksparkstadion]], Hamburg, Germany || {{fb|CZE}} || align=center| 2–0 || align=center| 3–0 || [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification]] |- | align=center| 13 || 23 June 2018 || [[Fisht Olympic Stadium]], Sochi, Russia || {{fb|SWE}} || align=center| 2–1 || align=center| 2–1 || [[2018 FIFA World Cup]] |- | align=center| 14 || 16 October 2018 || [[Stade de France]], Saint-Denis, France || {{fb|FRA}} ||align=center| 1–0 ||align=center| 1–2 || [[2018–19 UEFA Nations League A]] |- | align=center| 15 || 6 September 2019 || [[Volksparkstadion]], Hamburg, Germany || {{fb|NED}} || align=center| 2–2 || align=center| 2–4 || [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualification]] |- | align=center| 16 ||rowspan="2"| 16 November 2019 ||rowspan="2"| [[Borussia-Park]], Mönchengladbach, Germany ||rowspan="2"| {{fb|BLR}} || align=center| 3–0 ||rowspan=2 align=center| 4–0 ||rowspan=2 | [[UEFA Euro 2020 qualification]] |- | align=center| 17 || align=center| 4–0 |} ==Honours== '''Bayern Munich'''<ref name="fussballdaten.de">{{Cite web |title=Toni Kroos |url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/kroosanton/2014/ |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=fussballdaten.de |language=de |archive-date=20 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175954/http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/kroosanton/2014/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Bundesliga]]: [[2007–08 Bundesliga|2007–08]], [[2012–13 Bundesliga|2012–13]], [[2013–14 Bundesliga|2013–14]] * [[DFB-Pokal]]: [[2007–08 DFB-Pokal|2007–08]], [[2012–13 DFB-Pokal|2012–13]], [[2013–14 DFB-Pokal|2013–14]] * [[DFL-Supercup]]: [[2012 DFL-Supercup|2012]] * [[UEFA Champions League]]: [[2012–13 UEFA Champions League|2012–13]] * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: [[2013 UEFA Super Cup|2013]] * [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: [[2013 FIFA Club World Cup|2013]] '''Real Madrid'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toni Kroos |work=Real Madrid C.F. - Web Oficial |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad/toni-kroos |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=Real Madrid CF |language=es |archive-date=18 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318210455/http://www.realmadrid.com/en/football/squad/toni-kroos |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[La Liga]]: [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]], [[2019–20 La Liga|2019–20]],<ref name="Liga">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2020 |title=Real Madrid win the longest LaLiga Santander season |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2020/07/17/5f10db2146163f3c2c8b45d7.html |access-date=17 July 2020 |website=Marca |location=Spain |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718165201/https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2020/07/17/5f10db2146163f3c2c8b45d7.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2021–22 La Liga|2021–22]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Westwood |first=James |date=30 April 2022 |title=Real Madrid clinch 35th La Liga title with four games to spare after victory over Espanyol |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/real-madrid-35th-la-liga-title/bltb8dfbd27f32f5feb |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=Goal.com |archive-date=1 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501182346/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/real-madrid-35th-la-liga-title/bltb8dfbd27f32f5feb |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2023–24 La Liga|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c0x05j54l8wo|title=Real Madrid crowned champions after Barca's defeat at Girona|website=BBC Sport|date=4 May 2024|access-date=4 May 2024|archive-date=22 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522184623/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c0x05j54l8wo|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Copa del Rey]]: [[2022–23 Copa del Rey|2022–23]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Real Madrid 2–1 Osasuna: Rodrygo scores twice as Madrid win Copa del Rey|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65500297|publisher=BBC|date=6 May 2023|access-date=6 May 2023|archive-date=6 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506031329/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65500297|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Supercopa de España]]: [[2017 Supercopa de España|2017]], [[2020 Supercopa de España|2020]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2020 |title=Spanish Super Cup: Real Madrid beat Atletico Madrid on penalties |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51085601 |access-date=14 January 2020 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113072532/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51085601 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2022 Supercopa de España|2022]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2022/01/16/61e481b0ca4741226d8b458c.html |title=Modric and Benzema fire Real Madrid to the Supercopa title |newspaper=Marca |first=Euan |last=Mctear |date=16 January 2022 |access-date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125114735/https://www.marca.com/en/football/real-madrid/2022/01/16/61e481b0ca4741226d8b458c.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2024 Supercopa de España|2024]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2024 |title=Real Madrid win back their Super Cup crown (4–1) |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-real-madrid-win-back-their-super-cup-crown-4-1 |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=[[Real Federación Española de Fútbol]] |language=en |archive-date=15 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115040135/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/match-report-real-madrid-win-back-their-super-cup-crown-4-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> * UEFA Champions League: [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League|2017–18]], [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League|2021–22]],<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-15415a62aaf0-36d3e17d7404-1000/ |title=Champions League final: Vinícius Júnior scores only goal as Real Madrid deny Liverpool again |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=28 May 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528222257/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0275-15415a62aaf0-36d3e17d7404-1000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2023–24 UEFA Champions League|2023–24]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40257014/champions-league-real-madrid-beat-dortmund-15th-title|title=Champions League: Real Madrid beat Dortmund for 15th title|publisher=espn.co.uk|date=1 June 2024|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=12 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612013239/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/40257014/champions-league-real-madrid-beat-dortmund-15th-title|url-status=live}}</ref> * UEFA Super Cup: [[2014 UEFA Super Cup|2014]], [[2017 UEFA Super Cup|2017]], [[2022 UEFA Super Cup|2022]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/news/0278-15d6268709ab-38bef8ec34df-1000--report-real-madrid-win-the-super-cup/ |title=Real Madrid 2–0 Eintracht Frankfurt: Five-star Madrid triumph in Helsinki |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |date=10 August 2022 |access-date=11 August 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024134040/https://www.uefa.com/uefasupercup/news/0278-15d6268709ab-38bef8ec34df-1000--report-real-madrid-win-the-super-cup/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * FIFA Club World Cup: [[2014 FIFA Club World Cup|2014]], [[2016 FIFA Club World Cup|2016]], [[2017 FIFA Club World Cup|2017]], [[2018 FIFA Club World Cup|2018]], [[2022 FIFA Club World Cup|2022]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/real-madrid-al-hilal-final-report-review-vinicius-junior-federico-valverde-club-world-cup-morocco-2022 |title=Vinicius and Valverde dazzle as five-star Madrid conquer |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=11 February 2023 |access-date=11 February 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211210427/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/articles/real-madrid-al-hilal-final-report-review-vinicius-junior-federico-valverde-club-world-cup-morocco-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Germany''' * [[FIFA World Cup]]: [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match report: Germany – Argentina |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255959/match=300186501/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817004102/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=255959/match=300186501/report.html |archive-date=17 August 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> '''Individual''' * [[UEFA European Under-17 Championship]] Golden Player: [[2006 UEFA European Under-17 Championship|2006]]<ref name="uefa_1">{{Cite web |date=3 March 2008 |title=2006: Toni Kroos |url=http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/under17/news/kind=2/newsid=681078.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709140022/http://en.archive.uefa.com/competitions/under17/news/kind=2/newsid=681078.html |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> * UEFA European Under-17 Championship top tcorer: [[2007 UEFA European Under-17 Championship|2007]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saffer |first=Paul |date=13 May 2007 |title=Pair share scoring honour |url=https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0cddc65b138c-bbb93ac11f8e-1000--pair-share-scoring-honour/ |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=[[UEFA]] |publisher=Union of European Football Associations |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313233053/https://www.uefa.com/under17/news/0252-0cddc65b138c-bbb93ac11f8e-1000--pair-share-scoring-honour/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[FIFA U-17 World Cup]] Golden Ball: [[2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup|2007]]<ref name="fifa_1">{{Cite web |title=FIFA U-17 World Cup Korea 2007 |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u17worldcup/korea2007/awards/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212182630/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u17worldcup/korea2007/awards/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 February 2009 |access-date=17 July 2014 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * FIFA U-17 World Cup Bronze Shoe: 2007<ref name="fifa_1" /> * [[Fritz-Walter-Medal]] U18 Gold Medal: 2008<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2008 |title=Florian Jungwirth erhält Fritz-Walter-Medaille in Silber |url=http://www.tsv1860.de/de/aktuell/news/2008/news_2008-07-24_silber_jungwirth.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725100502/http://www.tsv1860.de/de/aktuell/news/2008/news_2008-07-24_silber_jungwirth.php |archive-date=25 July 2008 |access-date=25 July 2007 |publisher=TSV 1860 Munich Official Website |language=de}}</ref> * ''[[Kicker (sports magazine)|kicker]]'' Bundesliga Team of the Season: [[2009–10 Bundesliga|2009–10]], [[2011–12 Bundesliga|2011–12]] * UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: [[2013–14 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2013–14]], [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2014–15]], [[2015–16 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the Season|2015–16]], [[2016–17 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2016–17]], [[2017–18 UEFA Champions League#Squad of the season|2017–18]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=UEFA Champions League squad of the season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d802a501f23-68765bf409b3-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |access-date=9 June 2015 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=13 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113235731/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2255077.html#uefa+champions+league+squad+season |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2016 |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/022d-0e948891dc6b-533ac6fffce1-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |access-date=7 June 2016 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531115050/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2369627.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2017 |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0250-0c5117a9d99b-79a2efb59ef3-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |access-date=6 June 2017 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613184644/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2476068.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2018 |title=UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d8222ae4584-fc81fa8bf4d6-1000--uefa-champions-league-squad-of-the-season/ |access-date=27 May 2018 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527194427/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/newsid=2560100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[FIFPRO#FIFA FIFPRO Men's World 11|FIFA FIFPRO World 11]]: [[2014 FIFA Ballon d'Or#FIFA/FIFPro World XI|2014]], [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2016#FIFA FIFPro World11|2016]], [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017#FIFA FIFPro World11|2017]], 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 FIFA FIFPro World XI: How they finished |url=http://www.fifpro.org/en/news/2014-fifa-fifpro-world-xi-how-they-finished |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813010522/https://www.fifpro.org/en/news/2014-fifa-fifpro-world-xi-how-they-finished |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=14 July 2015 |publisher=FIFPro World Players' Union}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2017 |title=The Best named at FIFA Football Awards |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2017/m=1/news=the-best-named-at-fifa-football-awards-2862916.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109225806/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/news/y=2017/m=1/news=the-best-named-at-fifa-football-awards-2862916.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 January 2017 |access-date=12 January 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2017 |title=FIFA FIFPro World11 |url=https://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fifa-fifpro-world11/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103091338/http://www.fifa.com/the-best-fifa-football-awards/fifa-fifpro-world11/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 November 2016 |access-date=24 October 2017 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Who is in the 2024 FIFPRO Men's World 11? |url=https://www.fifpro.org/en/supporting-players/player-influence/world11/who-is-in-the-2024-fifpro-men-s-world-11 |website=fifpro.org |date=9 December 2024|access-date=9 December 2024}}</ref> * [[UEFA Team of the Year]]: [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2014|2014]], [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2016|2016]],<ref name="team2014">{{Cite web |title=Team of the Year 2014 |url=http://en.toty.uefa.com/results.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111223249/http://en.toty.uefa.com/results.html |archive-date=11 January 2016 |access-date=13 January 2016 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> [[UEFA Team of the Year#Team of the Year 2017|2017]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2018 |title=UEFA.com Fans' Team of the Year 2017 announced |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0241-0f8e5b4862dd-a0840957facc-1000--uefa-com-fans-team-of-the-year-2017-announced/ |access-date=11 January 2018 |publisher=UEFA |archive-date=26 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326013142/https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/news/t-uefa/news/newsid=2529238.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#The World's Best Playmaker|IFFHS World's Best Playmaker]]: 2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE WORLD'S BEST PLAYMAKER 2014 |url=http://www.iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-playmaker-2014/ |access-date=18 January 2015 |publisher=iffhs.de |archive-date=20 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120213931/http://www.iffhs.de/the-worlds-best-playmaker-2014/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[IFFHS World Team|IFFHS Men's World Team]]: 2017,<ref>{{cite web|title=THE IFFHS MEN WORLD TEAM 2017|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/480|date=12 December 2017|access-date=26 December 2024|website=IFFHS}}</ref> 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS WORLD TEAMS 2024|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4086|access-date=26 December 2024|date=26 December 2024|website=IFFHS}}</ref> *[[IFFHS]] Men's UEFA Team: 2024<ref>{{cite web|title=IFFHS CONTINENTAL TEAMS 2024 - UEFA MEN|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/4119|date=15 January 2025|website=IFFHS}}</ref> *FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: [[2014 FIFA World Cup|2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Castrol Index Top 11 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics/castrol-index/top11.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230231236/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/statistics/castrol-index/top11.html |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * FIFA World Cup Dream Team: [[2014 FIFA World Cup awards#Dream Team|2014]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dream Team |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/games/dream-team/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528003307/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/games/dream-team/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 May 2014 |access-date=17 August 2014 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> * [[Silbernes Lorbeerblatt]]: 2014<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2014 |title=Weltmeister mit Lorbeerblatt geehrt: "Deutschland sagt Danke!" |url=https://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Vorpommern/Greifswald/Weltmeister-mit-Lorbeerblatt-geehrt-Deutschland-sagt-Danke! |access-date=30 June 2020 |website=ostsee-zeitung.de |language=de |archive-date=30 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630112426/https://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Vorpommern/Greifswald/Weltmeister-mit-Lorbeerblatt-geehrt-Deutschland-sagt-Danke! |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Germany national football team|German]] Player of the Year: 2014<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2015 |title=Kroos, best German player of 2014 |url=http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2015/01/kroos-best-german-player-of-2014 |access-date=5 September 2017 |publisher=Real Madrid CF |archive-date=6 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906101334/http://www.realmadrid.com/en/news/2015/01/kroos-best-german-player-of-2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament]]: [[UEFA Euro 2016#Awards|2016]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2016 |title=UEFA EURO 2016 Team of the Tournament revealed |publisher=UEFA |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/0286-1932648cbbd6-015b5937ebfc-1000--uefa-euro-2016-team-of-the-tournament/ |access-date=11 July 2016 |archive-date=16 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716200525/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/news/newsid%3D2389933.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * La Liga top assist provider: [[2016–17 La Liga|2016–17]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=LaLiga EA Sports 2017 top assists table |url=https://www.besoccer.com/competition/rankings/primera_division/2017/assists |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=besoccer.com |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108075359/https://www.besoccer.com/competition/rankings/primera_division/2017/assists |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[UEFA]] La Liga Team of the Season: 2016–17,<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2017 |title=Once ideal de LaLiga para UEFA: 4 del Madrid, 3 del Barça... |work=Diario AS |location=Madrid |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2017/05/22/primera/1495474276_384251.html |access-date=22 May 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817123159/https://futbol.as.com/futbol/2017/05/22/primera/1495474276_384251.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 2019–20<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2020 |title=La UEFA se olvida de Oblak en sus equipo ideal de la Liga |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200722/482468088863/real-madrid-once-ideal-uefa.html |work=Mundo Deportivo |access-date=22 July 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822223634/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20200722/482468088863/real-madrid-once-ideal-uefa.html |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[IFFHS World Team#Men Team of the Decade (2011–2020)|IFFHS World Team of the Decade]] 2011–2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/919|access-date=31 January 2021|website=IFFHS|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615090122/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/919|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[IFFHS World Team#Men Team of the Decade (2011–2020)|IFFHS UEFA Team of the Decade]] 2011–2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/932|access-date=31 January 2021|website=IFFHS|archive-date=15 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615080307/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/932|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Footballer of the Year (Germany)|German Footballer of the Year]]: 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2018 |title=Toni Kroos ist Fußballer des Jahres 2017/18 |url=https://www.kicker.de/toni-kroos-ist-fussballer-des-jahres-20172f18-728913/artikel |access-date=5 August 2018 |website=[[Kicker (magazine)|Kicker]] |language=de |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810023148/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/728913/artikel_toni-kroos-ist-fussballer-des-jahres-20172f18.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 2024<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.kicker.de/kicker-awards-kroos-ist-fussballer-des-jahres-xabi-alonso-trainer-des-jahres-1042228/artikel#omrss | title = kicker-Awards: Kroos ist Fußballer des Jahres, Xabi Alonso Trainer des Jahres | language = de | website = kicker | date = 4 August 2024 | access-date = 4 August 2024}}</ref> * [[GQ]] German Athlete of the Year: 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kroos bei 'Men of the year'-Gala der GQ ausgezeichnet – REAL TOTAL |url=https://www.realtotal.de/kroos-von-gq-zum-men-of-the-year-ausgezeichnet/ |website=realtotal.de |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108155535/https://www.realtotal.de/kroos-von-gq-zum-men-of-the-year-ausgezeichnet/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Tuttosport#Golden Player Man Award|Golden Player Man Award]]: [[Tuttosport|2024]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2024 |title=Toni Kroos gana el 'Golden Man' |url=https://as.com/futbol/toni-kroos-gana-el-golden-man-n/ |access-date=27 November 2024 |website=Diario AS |archive-date=3 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203110215/https://as.com/futbol/toni-kroos-gana-el-golden-man-n/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * The Best FIFA Men's 11: [[The Best FIFA Football Awards 2024|2024]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Five Real Madrid stars named in The Best FIFA Men's 11|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-11-vote|website=fifa.com|date=17 December 2024|access-date=17 December 2024}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Germany Player of the Year}} {{Germany squad 2010 FIFA World Cup}} {{Germany Squad Euro 2012}} {{Germany squad 2014 FIFA World Cup}} {{Germany Squad Euro 2016}} {{UEFA Euro 2016 Team of the Tournament}} {{Germany squad 2018 FIFA World Cup}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kroos, Toni}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:German footballers]] [[Category:Association football midfielders]] [[Category:2010 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2012 players]] [[Category:2014 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:UEFA Euro 2016 players]] [[Category:2018 FIFA World Cup players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] [[Category:Real Madrid players]] [[Category:FC Bayern München players]] 3ax1so33p246nw5qvffsuv7p64hvrbv 0 249147 10882920 10866503 2026-06-10T04:16:43Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} [[File:Vuvuzela red.jpg|thumb|300px|Vuvuzela made of plastic]] A '''vuvuzela''' is a blowing [[horn (musical instrument)|horn]] commonly used in [[soccer]] games in [[South Africa]]. They are also called '''lepata'''s or a '''stadium horn'''. To blow this horn, the [[lip]] and [[lung]] strength of the blower has to be strong to make a sound like a [[foghorn]] or an [[elephant]].<ref name=fifa>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/southafricafromatoz/letter=v/index.html|title=V is for Vuvuzela|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=9 September 2008|archive-date=14 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614093632/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/southafricafromatoz/letter%3Dv/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Origin == The ''vuvuzela'' was [[wikt:origin|originally]] made out of [[tin]]. It became very popular in [[South Africa]] in the [[1990s]]. A fan of the [[Kaizer Chiefs FC]] named Freddie "Saddam" Maake says that he invented the vuvuzela. He got the idea from the [[aluminium]] [[1965]] [[bicycle]] horn, and after taking off the black [[rubber]], he blew it. After that, he thought it was too short, and so he joined a [[pipe]] to make it longer. He has kept [[photo]]s of himself in South African soccer games holding the aluminium vuvuzela. He says the instrument was not allowed to be used because it was thought of as a dangerous weapon. Because of this, he tried to find a plastic company that could make it safer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-01-08-vuvuzela-creator-blown-off|publisher=Mail & Guardian|title=Vuvuzela Creator Blown Off|first=Phathisani|last=Moyo|date=8 January 2010}}</ref> In 2001, South Africa-based company Masincedane Sport began to sell the [[plastic]] version.<ref name=boogieblast>{{cite web|url=http://www.boogieblast.co.za/|title=The Boogieblast Vuvuzela|accessdate=9 September 2008|archive-date=20 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620002615/http://www.boogieblast.co.za/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Neil van Schalkwyk, the co-owner of Masincedane Sport, won the [[South African Breweries|SAB]] KickStart Award in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fin24.com/Companies/SAB-moves-to-protect-vuvuzela-20040519|title=SAB moves to protect vuvuzela|date=19 May 2004|publisher=Fin24}}</ref> Vuvuzelas have been said to be rooted in African history, but this is argued between many historians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blatant.co.za/2009/06/pop/confederations-fu-cup/|title=The Real Vuvuzela Story|date=19 June 2009|access-date=11 June 2010|archive-date=15 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615012225/http://www.blatant.co.za/2009/06/pop/confederations-fu-cup/|url-status=dead}}</ref> South African people used to blow on a [[kudu]] horn to call villagers to a meeting. Also, there is a South African saying that "A [[baboon]] is killed by a lot of noise." Similar horns have been made for a long time by many people. A horn that looks identical to a vuvuzela is seen in [[Winslow Homer|Winslow Homer's]] woodcut "The Dinner Horn" from the 1870s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/brooklynmuseum-o2502-the-dinner-horn|publisher=Brooklyn Museum of Art|title=The Dinner Horn}}</ref> == 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup == [[File:Vuvuzela blower, Final Draw, FIFA 2010 World Cup.jpg|thumb|right|Blowing a vuvuzela]] [[File:FIFA World Cup 2010 Portugal North Korea Vuvuzelas 21 June 2010.jpg|thumb|right|Many vuvuzelas being used during a game between [[Portugal national football team|Portugal]] and [[North Korea national football team|North Korea]].]] [[File:2010-06-14 VOA News report - Noisy Vuvuzelas Cause Concern at World Cup.ogg|thumb|right|The spoken vuvuzela on the [[Voice of America]] News for the [[FIFA]] World Cup 2010]] In the [[2010 World Cup]], vuvuzelas were in the news all over the world because it was normal in South Africa for them to be blown at football matches. The world football governing body, [[FIFA]], did not want to allow the use of vuvuzelas. This was because they were afraid that [[hooligan]]s might use the instrument as a [[weapon]] and that [[business]]es could put [[advertisement]]s on vuvuzelas. However the [[South African Football Association]] (SAFA) said that vuvuzelas were important for South African games, and FIFA decided in July 2008 to let the instruments be used.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fifa gives Vuvuzelas thumbs up|date=11 July 2008|url=http://www.news24.com/News24/Sport/SWC_2010/0,,2-9-2188_2356051,00.html|access-date=11 June 2010|archive-date=6 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806050046/http://www.news24.com/News24/Sport/SWC_2010/0,,2-9-2188_2356051,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some football players and audiences did not like the vuvuzelas. The Lee Dixon of the [[BBC Three]] said that the sounds were "quite [[wikt:irritate|irritating]]". The European broadcasters also complained to the FIFA that they could not hear the [[commentator]]s because of the sound. == Problems == Vuvuzelas have also caused problems. With a Vuvuzela, high [[sound pressure]] levels can be reached. These are about 120 [[Sound pressure|dB(A)]] at a distance of one metre, and about 191 db(A) next to the instrument.<ref name="Swanepoel">De Wet Swanepoel, James W. Hall, Dirk KOEKEMOER: [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0256-95742010000200015&script=sci_arttext ''Vuvuzela: good for your team, bad for your ears.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040017/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S0256-95742010000200015&script=sci_arttext |date=2016-03-04 }} In: ''South African Medical Journal''. Band 100, Nr. 2. 2010, {{ISSN|0256-9574}}, S. 99–100.</ref> There have been moves to prohibit the use of vuvuzelas in certain public viewing areas, because they can damage hearing, and because their sound may be louder than that of emergency broadcasts. Demand for [[earplug]]s to protect from hearing loss during the World Cup<ref>{{cite web |author=Luphert Chilwane |url=http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=111728 |title=Worried fans right to seek ear plugs, says Phonak at |publisher=Businessday.co.za |date=11 June 2010 |accessdate=15 June 2010 |archive-date=3 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403040130/http://www.businessday.co.za/articles/Content.aspx?id=111728 |url-status=dead }}</ref> was bigger than the available supply. Many pharmacies ran out of stock. Neil van Schalkwyk, manufacturer of the plastic vuvuzela, began selling earplugs to fans.<ref>[http://www.sport24.co.za/Soccer/WorldCup/NationalNews/Vuvuzelas-unplugged-for-some-20100611 Vuvuzelas unplugged for some] ''Sport24''</ref> After the World Cup 2010 vuvuzelas started to be banned in other countries. In [[Britain]] [[Tottenham Hotspur]] was the first football team to ban them in July 2010, and many other football teams have since followed. They were banned because of [[health and safety]] reasons, especially because it was said that people might not hear any safety announcements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.sports.yahoo.com/|title=Yahoo UK & Ireland - Sports News - Live Scores - Results|website=Yahoo Sports|access-date=2019-02-14|archive-date=2019-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214004108/https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|2}} == Other websites == * [http://www.noe-nordberg.com/florian/cms/public/index.php?cmd=smarty&id=14_len Website with original Vuvuzela sound] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622032712/http://www.noe-nordberg.com/florian/cms/public/index.php?cmd=smarty&id=14_len |date=22 June 2009 }} * [http://myvuvuzela.blogspot.com/ My Vuvuzela] * [http://www.worldcup2010vuvuzela.com/ Vuvuzela social video for supporting national teams] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615231728/http://www.worldcup2010vuvuzela.com/ |date=2010-06-15 }} [[Category:South African culture]] [[Category:Sport in South Africa]] iofljej4un7qem7jevyr1g93sm4fqr9 0 249777 10882284 10872847 2026-06-09T12:42:28Z Rebeltronic 1558358 /* History */ added ios 27 10882284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lowercase title}} {{Infobox OS | name = iOS | logo = IOS_wordmark_(2017).svg | logo_size = 150px | logo caption = Commercial logo as used by Apple since 2017 | screenshot = | screenshot_size = 465px | caption = The default home screen of iOS 18, as seen on an iPhone 12 | collapsible = | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | family = [[Unix-like]] ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]]), [[OS X]] | working_state = Current | source_model = [[Closed source]] | released = {{start date and age|2007|06|29}} | latest release version = 26.2.1<ref>{{cite news |last=Clover |first=Juli |date=August 20, 2025 |url= https://www.macrumors.com/2025/08/20/apple-releases-ios-18-6-2-with-security-fixes/ |title= Apple Releases iOS 18.6.2 With Security Fixes |website=[[MacRumors]] |access-date=August 20, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025|08|20}} | latest preview version = | latest preview date = | marketing_target = Artists, designers, casual users | programmed_in = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Objective-C]] | language = 40 languages<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs/|title=Apple – iPhone XS – Technical Specifications|publisher=Apple|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104041336/https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs/|archive-date=January 4, 2019 |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> | prog_language = | updatemodel = <!-- APT, Windows Update, etc. --> | supported_platforms = [[64-bit computing|64-]] (and previously and [[32-bit computing|32-bit]]) [[ARM architecture]]s ([[iPhone]], [[iPod]], [[iPad]], [[iPad Mini]], and 2nd gen. and higher [[Apple TV]]), [[Apple A4]], [[Apple A5]], [[Apple A5X]], [[Apple A6]], [[Apple A6X]], [[Apple A7]] | kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]]) | userland = | ui = [[Cocoa Touch]] ([[multi-touch]], [[graphical user interface|GUI]]) | license = [[proprietary software|Proprietary]] [[EULA]] except for open-source components | preceded_by = | succeeded_by = | website = {{URL|https://www.apple.com/ios/}} }}{{More sources|date=November 2024}}{{Update}} '''iOS''' (previously named '''iPhone OS''') is an [[operating system]] for [[smartphone]]s. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] makes and sells it. It is the [[mobile operating system|mobile OS]] of the [[iPhone]]. iOS was called iPhone OS, but it was changed to iOS in 2010 to show that the operating system was being supported on new Apple devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/apple_ios.html|title=What is Apple iOS? Webopedia Definition|first=Vangie|last=Beal|website=www.webopedia.com|date=22 August 2011|access-date=14 February 2019|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217062638/https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/apple_ios.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == ===iPhone OS 1=== iOS was released in 2005. It is a version of [[OS X]] for the [[IPhone (1st generation)|first generation iPhone]]. On January 9, 2007, Apple said at a conference that there will be a new product, the iPhone. [[Steve Jobs]] said it would "change everything".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.macworld.com/article/54769/2007/01/iphone.html |title=Apple unveils iPhone |last=Honan |first=Matthew |date=January 9, 2007 |work=[[Macworld]] |accessdate=January 16, 2010 |archive-date=April 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415223141/http://www.macworld.com/article/54769/2007/01/iphone.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On March 6, 2006, Apple renamed this form of OS X to "iPhone OS" after releasing the [[software development kit]] for iPhone. ===iPhone OS 2=== On July 11, 2008, Apple released iPhone OS 2.0 along [[iPhone 3G]]. It introduced the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]]. ===iPhone OS 3=== {{Main|iPhone OS 3}} In June 2009, Apple released iPhone OS 3.0 along [[iPhone 3GS]]. It was a minor upgrade to iPhone OS 2.0. It could do a few new things. Users of the first iPhone and iPod Touch can use iPhone OS 3.0. However, the devices do not support all features. The last version to support the first iPhone and iPod Touch was 3.1.3. [[iPad]] can also It was later available for the [[iPad]] when it was released (as of version 3.2). In September 2009, Apple changed "iPhone OS" to "iOS". The tech company [[Cisco Systems|Cisco]] used the trademark "IOS". Apple licensed the trademark to avoid conflicts.<ref name="ciscosuit">{{cite web | last = Tartakoff | first = Joseph | work = [[paidContent]] | url = http://paidcontent.org/article/419-deja-vu-apples-new-ios-brand-is-already-used-by-cisco/ | title = Apple Avoids iPhone-Like Trademark Battle Thanks To Cisco, FaceTime Deals [sic] | date = June 7, 2010 | accessdate = February 2, 2011 | archive-date = May 11, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511200002/http://paidcontent.org/article/419-deja-vu-apples-new-ios-brand-is-already-used-by-cisco/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===iOS 4=== {{Main|iOS 4}} In mid-2010, Apple released iOS 4.0. It added [[multitasking]], which lets the user use more than one app at the same time. It also added the option to have a wallpaper for the home screen. The OS had a more polished design. It was also the first version of iOS to be available for the [[iPod Touch]] for free. However, the iPhone 3G and [[iPod Touch (2nd generation)]] have limited features, meaning that they can not multitask or have a wallpaper for the home screen. ===iOS 5=== {{Main|iOS 5}} In October 2011, Apple released iOS 5. It brought many new features such as the notifications pull-down bar, a free messaging service called [[iMessage]], [[iCloud]], and more. A voice assistant named [[Siri (software)|Siri]] was also released to the [[iPhone 4S]]. ===iOS 6=== {{Main|iOS 6}} In September 19, 2012, Apple released [[iOS 6]]. Siri can be used on [[iPad (3rd generation)]], [[iPod Touch (5th generation)]], and the [[iPhone 5]]. Installed by default [[YouTube]] was removed and a YouTube app was added to the App Store. [[Google Maps]] was also removed and replaced with Apple Maps. ===iOS 7=== {{Main|iOS 7}} On September 18, 2013, Apple released [[iOS 7]]. It has a new look and many features. The new "Control Center" have settings for music, [[AirPlay]], brightness, flashlight, and more. ===iOS 8=== {{Main|iOS 8}} On June 2, 2014, Apple announced [[iOS 8]] at [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]], which happens every year. It has several new features, such as QuickType, which predicts which words you will type, and a new app called Health.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hall |first1=Zac |url=http://9to5mac.com/2014/06/02/apple-announces-ios-8-at-wwdc-with-design-adjustments-additional-features/|title=Apple announces iOS 8 at WWDC with continuity features, Messages enhancements, Quicktype keyboard, more|work=9to5Mac |date=June 2, 2014|accessdate=June 13, 2014}}</ref> It was officially released to everyone on September 17, 2014. ===iOS 9=== {{Main|iOS 9}} On September 2015, Apple released [[iOS 9]]. Many changes focus on learning user habits and help them with what they will do next. For example, Siri can make suggestions based on where the user is and what app is open. The search feature shows "Siri suggestions" and use resources that Siri uses. A new app called News shows a collection of many news providers. [[Apple Pay]] gets support for store [[credit card|credit cards]] and [[loyalty card]]. Apple changed "Passbook" to "Wallet" because the new features are replacing physical wallets. Other than new features, the update also makes the battery last longer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-26|title=iOS 9: Hidden Features, Details, and Availability|url=https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/ios-9/|access-date=2024-11-25|website=MacRumors|language=en}}</ref> ===iOS 10=== {{Main|iOS 10}} On September 2016, Apple released iOS 10. It redesigned the lock screen, notifications, and Control Center. [[Siri]] can open third-party apps. <!--Memories in Photos. - What does this mean?--> In October 2016, Apple News app became available in [[United Kingdom]] and Australia. === iOS 11 === {{Main|iOS 11}} In mid-2017, Apple announced iOS 11. It supports the [[iPhone 5S]] and newer, the [[iPad Air]] and newer, all [[iPad Pro]] models, the fourth-generation [[iPad Mini]], and the sixth-generation [[iPod touch]]. The update removes labels from the main Phone, Messages, Mail, and Safari icons. The App Store logo is replaced with a simple "A" with a blue background. The [[ITunes|iTunes store]] logo is replaced with a star with a purple background. The Control Center is also easier to use, with bigger buttons and custom controls for functions like Low Power Mode and Mobile Hotspot. On the Plus models of [[iPhone 6]], 6S, and 7, the Lock Screen can also be rotated. In the Control Center and on the Lock Screen, when a song is playing, only the song name and artist are shown instead of also showing the album name. iOS 11 also allows users to "offload" apps, meaning that an app can be deleted while leaving behind the app's data. It also provides suggestions and functions for saving storage space, such as deleting old messages and files. Instead of the iCloud Drive app, there is a Files app that allows users to view their files in the iPhone itself and iCloud Drive. ===iOS 12=== {{Main|iOS 12}} On September 2018, Apple released iOS 12. Changes include Screen Time, redesigned Photos app, and 70 new [[emoji|emojis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=19 features in iOS 12 you need to know about|url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/new-features-in-ios-12/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=CNET|language=en}}</ref> In March 2019, Apple added new apps in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple launches news app in Canada, premium news subscription service - National {{!}} Globalnews.ca|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5093375/apple-news-canada/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=Global News|language=en-US}}</ref> ===iOS 13=== {{main|iOS 13}} On September 2019, Apple releaesd iOS 13. It has a new dark mode and improved Maps.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Srivastava|first=Sudeep|date=2019-06-26|title=Top 23 iOS 13 Features We Can't Wait to Try Out|url=https://appinventiv.com/blog/ios-13-top-features/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=Appinventiv|language=en-us}}</ref> In iOS 13.5, Apple had new features unlock face ID with wearing mask,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Khamosh|date=2020-05-20|title=Update Your iPhone for Face ID Mask Detection in iOS 13.5|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/672336/psa-update-your-iphone-to-ios-13.5-for-mask-detection/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=How-To Geek|language=en}}</ref> In May 2020, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and [[Google]] had launches COVID-19 Notifications Exposure API.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Etherington|first=Darrell|date=2020-04-29|title=Apple and Google release first seed of COVID-19 exposure notification API for contact tracing app developers|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/29/apple-and-google-release-first-seed-of-covid-19-exposure-notification-api-for-contact-tracing-app-developers/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref> ===iOS 14=== {{main|iOS 14}} On September 2020, Apple released iOS 14. It added App Library, Home Screen page, widgets on the home screen, and many others.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Chokkattu|first=Julian|title=Apple's iOS and iPadOS 14 Have Dropped. Here's What's New|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/apple-iphone-ios-14-ipad-os-14-new-features/|access-date=2024-10-12|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> ===iOS 15=== {{main|iOS 15}} On September 2021, Apple releases iOS 15. It had lot of new features and changes including Focus Mode, New Widget, Live text, Redesigned UI and many others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Dave|title=11 useful iOS 15 features every iPhone user should know|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/ios-15-features|access-date=2024-10-12|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> ===iOS 16=== {{main|iOS 16}} On September 2022, Apple released iOS 16 for [[iPhone 8]] and newer, with a now customizable Lock Screen, improved Live Text with videos, and features related with parental controls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About iOS 16 Updates|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/101566|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Apple Support|language=en}}</ref> ===iOS 17=== {{main|iOS 17}} On September 2023, Apple released iOS 17. It adds NameDrop, a new security option for stolen devices, customizable Contacts Posters, Live Stickers for iMessage, StandBy and crash detections for iPhone 14 and newer. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About iOS 17 Updates|url=https://support.apple.com/en-la/118723|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Apple Support|language=en}}</ref> ===iOS 18=== {{main|iOS 18}} On September 2024, Apple released iOS 18. It supports [[iPhone XR]] and newer. Users can customize the Home Screen, Control Center, a new passwords app, and for iPhone 15 Pro and all the iPhone 16 family [[Apple Intelligence]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-09-16|title=iOS 18 Is Out Now. Here Are the Best New Features.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/ios-18-best-new-features/|access-date=2024-10-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===iOS 26=== {{Main|iOS 26}} On 10 June 2025, Apple announced iOS 26 at [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]]. It will no longer support A12 devices. It has features like redesigned with [[Liquid Glass]] and background in iMessage. ===iOS 27=== On 8 June 2026, Apple announced iOS 27 at Apple Worldwide Developer Conference. It focuses on stability and performance issues. Introduces Siri AI, the ability to adjust the transparency of Liquid Glass, and enhanced parental controls and family safety.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buchanan |first1=Steve |title=iOS 27 Features: Complete List of Everything New Announced at WWDC 2026 |url=https://dknetwork.draftkings.com/2026/06/08/ios-27-features-complete-list-wwdc-2026/ |website=DKN Draftings Network |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == App Store == The only way to get the [[software]] in iOS is the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]]. The App Store<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nalini|date=2026-01-06|title=iOS Apple App Store Statistics 2026|url=https://www.apptunix.com/blog/apple-app-store-statistics/|access-date=2026-02-19|website=Apptunix Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> is an electronic market which gives you the ability to buy "apps" (applications), small [[user interface]] applications. By January 2013, Apple confirmed to have more than 800,000 applications in the App Store.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2013/01/28Apple-Updates-iOS-to-6-1/|title=Apple Updates iOS to 6.1|website=Apple Newsroom}}</ref> == Important updates == iOS 7, which was released on September 18, 2013, made iPhones look very different. The look in the older versions had become iconic. Compared to them, the update has sharper, brighter, and flatter icons. They are not very photographically detailed. It also has a translucent smoke glass icon tray pulldown. The update also uses a brighter shade of blue. It makes the differences between iOS 1.0 and 7 obvious. iOS 7.03, which was released on October 23, 2013, stopped the gyroscopic compass from working on the Apple iPod Touch. This included the models that were new. Later updates restricted compass-related hardware features even more to only work on devices with [[GPS]]/[[cellular]] connectivity. A "soft update" over iTunes on September 9, 2014 increased the size of every user's iTunes by adding U2's Songs of Innocence album. At the time, many users could not remove it from their libraries. iOS 8, which launched Sep 12, 2014, while not as radical an aesthetic change as iOS 7 from iOS 6, being virtually required for many users.<!--What does this mean?--> == References == {{reflist}} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mmcgbl.com/ios-app-development-cost/ |title=iOS App Development Cost |website=MMC Global |access-date=2026-05-04}}</ref> [[Category:IOS| ]] hovr47vle7qbvhm80y0nrb8tw0rvu3a 10882295 10882284 2026-06-09T12:51:49Z Rebeltronic 1558358 10882295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lowercase title}} {{Infobox OS | name = iOS | logo = IOS_wordmark_(2017).svg | logo_size = 150px | logo caption = Commercial logo as used by Apple since 2017 | screenshot = | screenshot_size = 465px | caption = The default home screen of iOS 18, as seen on an iPhone 12 | collapsible = | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | family = [[Unix-like]] ([[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]]), [[OS X]] | working_state = Current | source_model = [[Closed source]] | released = {{start date and age|2007|06|29}} | latest release version = 26.5<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2026/05/11/apple-releases-ios-26-5/ |title= Apple Releases iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5 With End-to-End Encrypted RCS, New Wallpaper, and Maps Updates |website=[[MacRumors]] |date=May 11, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2026|5|11}} | latest preview version = | latest preview date = | marketing_target = Artists, designers, casual users | programmed_in = [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Objective-C]] | language = 40 languages<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs/|title=Apple – iPhone XS – Technical Specifications|publisher=Apple|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104041336/https://www.apple.com/iphone-xs/specs/|archive-date=January 4, 2019 |access-date=2023-05-20}}</ref> | prog_language = | updatemodel = <!-- APT, Windows Update, etc. --> | supported_platforms = [[64-bit computing|64-]] (and previously and [[32-bit computing|32-bit]]) [[ARM architecture]]s ([[iPhone]], [[iPod]], [[iPad]], [[iPad Mini]], and 2nd gen. and higher [[Apple TV]]), [[Apple A4]], [[Apple A5]], [[Apple A5X]], [[Apple A6]], [[Apple A6X]], [[Apple A7]] | kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] ([[XNU]]) | userland = | ui = [[Cocoa Touch]] ([[multi-touch]], [[graphical user interface|GUI]]) | license = [[proprietary software|Proprietary]] [[EULA]] except for open-source components | preceded_by = | succeeded_by = | website = {{URL|https://www.apple.com/ios/}} }}{{More sources|date=November 2024}}{{Update}} '''iOS''' (previously named '''iPhone OS''') is an [[operating system]] for [[smartphone]]s. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] makes and sells it. It is the [[mobile operating system|mobile OS]] of the [[iPhone]]. iOS was called iPhone OS, but it was changed to iOS in 2010 to show that the operating system was being supported on new Apple devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/apple_ios.html|title=What is Apple iOS? Webopedia Definition|first=Vangie|last=Beal|website=www.webopedia.com|date=22 August 2011|access-date=14 February 2019|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217062638/https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/apple_ios.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == History == ===iPhone OS 1=== iOS was released in 2005. It is a version of [[OS X]] for the [[IPhone (1st generation)|first generation iPhone]]. On January 9, 2007, Apple said at a conference that there will be a new product, the iPhone. [[Steve Jobs]] said it would "change everything".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.macworld.com/article/54769/2007/01/iphone.html |title=Apple unveils iPhone |last=Honan |first=Matthew |date=January 9, 2007 |work=[[Macworld]] |accessdate=January 16, 2010 |archive-date=April 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415223141/http://www.macworld.com/article/54769/2007/01/iphone.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On March 6, 2006, Apple renamed this form of OS X to "iPhone OS" after releasing the [[software development kit]] for iPhone. ===iPhone OS 2=== On July 11, 2008, Apple released iPhone OS 2.0 along [[iPhone 3G]]. It introduced the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]]. ===iPhone OS 3=== {{Main|iPhone OS 3}} In June 2009, Apple released iPhone OS 3.0 along [[iPhone 3GS]]. It was a minor upgrade to iPhone OS 2.0. It could do a few new things. Users of the first iPhone and iPod Touch can use iPhone OS 3.0. However, the devices do not support all features. The last version to support the first iPhone and iPod Touch was 3.1.3. [[iPad]] can also It was later available for the [[iPad]] when it was released (as of version 3.2). In September 2009, Apple changed "iPhone OS" to "iOS". The tech company [[Cisco Systems|Cisco]] used the trademark "IOS". Apple licensed the trademark to avoid conflicts.<ref name="ciscosuit">{{cite web | last = Tartakoff | first = Joseph | work = [[paidContent]] | url = http://paidcontent.org/article/419-deja-vu-apples-new-ios-brand-is-already-used-by-cisco/ | title = Apple Avoids iPhone-Like Trademark Battle Thanks To Cisco, FaceTime Deals [sic] | date = June 7, 2010 | accessdate = February 2, 2011 | archive-date = May 11, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511200002/http://paidcontent.org/article/419-deja-vu-apples-new-ios-brand-is-already-used-by-cisco/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===iOS 4=== {{Main|iOS 4}} In mid-2010, Apple released iOS 4.0. It added [[multitasking]], which lets the user use more than one app at the same time. It also added the option to have a wallpaper for the home screen. The OS had a more polished design. It was also the first version of iOS to be available for the [[iPod Touch]] for free. However, the iPhone 3G and [[iPod Touch (2nd generation)]] have limited features, meaning that they can not multitask or have a wallpaper for the home screen. ===iOS 5=== {{Main|iOS 5}} In October 2011, Apple released iOS 5. It brought many new features such as the notifications pull-down bar, a free messaging service called [[iMessage]], [[iCloud]], and more. A voice assistant named [[Siri (software)|Siri]] was also released to the [[iPhone 4S]]. ===iOS 6=== {{Main|iOS 6}} In September 19, 2012, Apple released [[iOS 6]]. Siri can be used on [[iPad (3rd generation)]], [[iPod Touch (5th generation)]], and the [[iPhone 5]]. Installed by default [[YouTube]] was removed and a YouTube app was added to the App Store. [[Google Maps]] was also removed and replaced with Apple Maps. ===iOS 7=== {{Main|iOS 7}} On September 18, 2013, Apple released [[iOS 7]]. It has a new look and many features. The new "Control Center" have settings for music, [[AirPlay]], brightness, flashlight, and more. ===iOS 8=== {{Main|iOS 8}} On June 2, 2014, Apple announced [[iOS 8]] at [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference|Worldwide Developers Conference]], which happens every year. It has several new features, such as QuickType, which predicts which words you will type, and a new app called Health.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hall |first1=Zac |url=http://9to5mac.com/2014/06/02/apple-announces-ios-8-at-wwdc-with-design-adjustments-additional-features/|title=Apple announces iOS 8 at WWDC with continuity features, Messages enhancements, Quicktype keyboard, more|work=9to5Mac |date=June 2, 2014|accessdate=June 13, 2014}}</ref> It was officially released to everyone on September 17, 2014. ===iOS 9=== {{Main|iOS 9}} On September 2015, Apple released [[iOS 9]]. Many changes focus on learning user habits and help them with what they will do next. For example, Siri can make suggestions based on where the user is and what app is open. The search feature shows "Siri suggestions" and use resources that Siri uses. A new app called News shows a collection of many news providers. [[Apple Pay]] gets support for store [[credit card|credit cards]] and [[loyalty card]]. Apple changed "Passbook" to "Wallet" because the new features are replacing physical wallets. Other than new features, the update also makes the battery last longer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-08-26|title=iOS 9: Hidden Features, Details, and Availability|url=https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/ios-9/|access-date=2024-11-25|website=MacRumors|language=en}}</ref> ===iOS 10=== {{Main|iOS 10}} On September 2016, Apple released iOS 10. It redesigned the lock screen, notifications, and Control Center. [[Siri]] can open third-party apps. <!--Memories in Photos. - What does this mean?--> In October 2016, Apple News app became available in [[United Kingdom]] and Australia. === iOS 11 === {{Main|iOS 11}} In mid-2017, Apple announced iOS 11. It supports the [[iPhone 5S]] and newer, the [[iPad Air]] and newer, all [[iPad Pro]] models, the fourth-generation [[iPad Mini]], and the sixth-generation [[iPod touch]]. The update removes labels from the main Phone, Messages, Mail, and Safari icons. The App Store logo is replaced with a simple "A" with a blue background. The [[ITunes|iTunes store]] logo is replaced with a star with a purple background. The Control Center is also easier to use, with bigger buttons and custom controls for functions like Low Power Mode and Mobile Hotspot. On the Plus models of [[iPhone 6]], 6S, and 7, the Lock Screen can also be rotated. In the Control Center and on the Lock Screen, when a song is playing, only the song name and artist are shown instead of also showing the album name. iOS 11 also allows users to "offload" apps, meaning that an app can be deleted while leaving behind the app's data. It also provides suggestions and functions for saving storage space, such as deleting old messages and files. Instead of the iCloud Drive app, there is a Files app that allows users to view their files in the iPhone itself and iCloud Drive. ===iOS 12=== {{Main|iOS 12}} On September 2018, Apple released iOS 12. Changes include Screen Time, redesigned Photos app, and 70 new [[emoji|emojis]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=19 features in iOS 12 you need to know about|url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/new-features-in-ios-12/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=CNET|language=en}}</ref> In March 2019, Apple added new apps in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple launches news app in Canada, premium news subscription service - National {{!}} Globalnews.ca|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/5093375/apple-news-canada/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=Global News|language=en-US}}</ref> ===iOS 13=== {{main|iOS 13}} On September 2019, Apple releaesd iOS 13. It has a new dark mode and improved Maps.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Srivastava|first=Sudeep|date=2019-06-26|title=Top 23 iOS 13 Features We Can't Wait to Try Out|url=https://appinventiv.com/blog/ios-13-top-features/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=Appinventiv|language=en-us}}</ref> In iOS 13.5, Apple had new features unlock face ID with wearing mask,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pathak|first=Khamosh|date=2020-05-20|title=Update Your iPhone for Face ID Mask Detection in iOS 13.5|url=https://www.howtogeek.com/672336/psa-update-your-iphone-to-ios-13.5-for-mask-detection/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=How-To Geek|language=en}}</ref> In May 2020, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and [[Google]] had launches COVID-19 Notifications Exposure API.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Etherington|first=Darrell|date=2020-04-29|title=Apple and Google release first seed of COVID-19 exposure notification API for contact tracing app developers|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/29/apple-and-google-release-first-seed-of-covid-19-exposure-notification-api-for-contact-tracing-app-developers/|access-date=2024-10-12|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref> ===iOS 14=== {{main|iOS 14}} On September 2020, Apple released iOS 14. It added App Library, Home Screen page, widgets on the home screen, and many others.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Chokkattu|first=Julian|title=Apple's iOS and iPadOS 14 Have Dropped. Here's What's New|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/story/apple-iphone-ios-14-ipad-os-14-new-features/|access-date=2024-10-12|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> ===iOS 15=== {{main|iOS 15}} On September 2021, Apple releases iOS 15. It had lot of new features and changes including Focus Mode, New Widget, Live text, Redesigned UI and many others.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Dave|title=11 useful iOS 15 features every iPhone user should know|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/ios-15-features|access-date=2024-10-12|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref> ===iOS 16=== {{main|iOS 16}} On September 2022, Apple released iOS 16 for [[iPhone 8]] and newer, with a now customizable Lock Screen, improved Live Text with videos, and features related with parental controls.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About iOS 16 Updates|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/101566|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Apple Support|language=en}}</ref> ===iOS 17=== {{main|iOS 17}} On September 2023, Apple released iOS 17. It adds NameDrop, a new security option for stolen devices, customizable Contacts Posters, Live Stickers for iMessage, StandBy and crash detections for iPhone 14 and newer. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About iOS 17 Updates|url=https://support.apple.com/en-la/118723|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Apple Support|language=en}}</ref> ===iOS 18=== {{main|iOS 18}} On September 2024, Apple released iOS 18. It supports [[iPhone XR]] and newer. Users can customize the Home Screen, Control Center, a new passwords app, and for iPhone 15 Pro and all the iPhone 16 family [[Apple Intelligence]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-09-16|title=iOS 18 Is Out Now. Here Are the Best New Features.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/ios-18-best-new-features/|access-date=2024-10-12|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ===iOS 26=== {{Main|iOS 26}} On 10 June 2025, Apple announced iOS 26 at [[Apple Worldwide Developers Conference]]. It will no longer support A12 devices. It has features like redesigned with [[Liquid Glass]] and background in iMessage. ===iOS 27=== On 8 June 2026, Apple announced iOS 27 at Apple Worldwide Developer Conference. It focuses on stability and performance issues. Introduces Siri AI, the ability to adjust the transparency of Liquid Glass, and enhanced parental controls and family safety.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buchanan |first1=Steve |title=iOS 27 Features: Complete List of Everything New Announced at WWDC 2026 |url=https://dknetwork.draftkings.com/2026/06/08/ios-27-features-complete-list-wwdc-2026/ |website=DKN Draftings Network |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == App Store == The only way to get the [[software]] in iOS is the [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]]. The App Store<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nalini|date=2026-01-06|title=iOS Apple App Store Statistics 2026|url=https://www.apptunix.com/blog/apple-app-store-statistics/|access-date=2026-02-19|website=Apptunix Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> is an electronic market which gives you the ability to buy "apps" (applications), small [[user interface]] applications. By January 2013, Apple confirmed to have more than 800,000 applications in the App Store.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2013/01/28Apple-Updates-iOS-to-6-1/|title=Apple Updates iOS to 6.1|website=Apple Newsroom}}</ref> == Important updates == iOS 7, which was released on September 18, 2013, made iPhones look very different. The look in the older versions had become iconic. Compared to them, the update has sharper, brighter, and flatter icons. They are not very photographically detailed. It also has a translucent smoke glass icon tray pulldown. The update also uses a brighter shade of blue. It makes the differences between iOS 1.0 and 7 obvious. iOS 7.03, which was released on October 23, 2013, stopped the gyroscopic compass from working on the Apple iPod Touch. This included the models that were new. Later updates restricted compass-related hardware features even more to only work on devices with [[GPS]]/[[cellular]] connectivity. A "soft update" over iTunes on September 9, 2014 increased the size of every user's iTunes by adding U2's Songs of Innocence album. At the time, many users could not remove it from their libraries. iOS 8, which launched Sep 12, 2014, while not as radical an aesthetic change as iOS 7 from iOS 6, being virtually required for many users.<!--What does this mean?--> == References == {{reflist}} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mmcgbl.com/ios-app-development-cost/ |title=iOS App Development Cost |website=MMC Global |access-date=2026-05-04}}</ref> [[Category:IOS| ]] mngknnxbycbtpasaztb16i69rjoqlsn 0 255725 10882745 8339965 2026-06-09T23:50:38Z A bag of many boiled potatoes 1355187 /* */ 10882745 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Spencer Pratt 2009.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Spencer Pratt]] '''Spencer Pratt''' (born August 14, 1983 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television personality]] and failed politcal candidate. He is best known from the [[MTV]]s [[television series|series]] ''[[The Hills]]''. Pratt and [[Heidi Montag]] were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity [[Big Brother (UK)]]. {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Spencer}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants]] [[Category:Participants in American reality television series]] [[Category:Television personalities from Los Angeles]] 4usthiq0wudrpd2nzc6pwqiqvcxl3dh 10882763 10882745 2026-06-10T00:13:23Z A bag of many boiled potatoes 1355187 /* */ 10882763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Spencer Pratt 2009.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Spencer Pratt]] '''Spencer Pratt''' (born August 14, 1983 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television personality]] and failed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazard |first=Charlotte |date=June 9, 2026 |title=Former reality TV star Spencer Pratt loses the Los Angeles mayor's race |url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/nation-world/former-reality-tv-star-spencer-pratt-loses-the-los-angeles-mayors-race-karen-bass-california-donald-trump-abe-hamadeh |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=WBFF }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Reality Star Spencer Pratt Ousted From L.A. Mayoral Race as Democrats Advance to General Election |url=https://people.com/spencer-pratt-ousted-la-mayoral-race-11989093 |website=People.com}}</ref> politcal candidate. He is best known from the [[MTV]]s [[television series|series]] ''[[The Hills]]''. Pratt and [[Heidi Montag]] were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity [[Big Brother (UK)]]. {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Spencer}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants]] [[Category:Participants in American reality television series]] [[Category:Television personalities from Los Angeles]] rgh3bqhq9wm4mnbtebozr122xjqu05m 10882767 10882763 2026-06-10T00:17:53Z A bag of many boiled potatoes 1355187 /* */ 10882767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Spencer Pratt 2009.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Spencer Pratt]] '''Spencer Pratt''' (born August 14, 1983 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television personality]] and failed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazard |first=Charlotte |date=June 9, 2026 |title=Former reality TV star Spencer Pratt loses the Los Angeles mayor's race |url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/nation-world/former-reality-tv-star-spencer-pratt-loses-the-los-angeles-mayors-race-karen-bass-california-donald-trump-abe-hamadeh |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=WBFF }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Reality Star Spencer Pratt Ousted From L.A. Mayoral Race as Democrats Advance to General Election |url=https://people.com/spencer-pratt-ousted-la-mayoral-race-11989093 |website=People.com}}</ref> politcal candidate. He is best known from the [[MTV]]s [[television series|series]] ''[[The Hills]]''. Pratt and [[Heidi Montag]] were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity [[Big Brother (UK)]]. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Spencer}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants]] [[Category:Participants in American reality television series]] [[Category:Television personalities from Los Angeles]] aprxh43akefuxbw0o9fslwxn15jdp8l 10882774 10882767 2026-06-10T00:32:38Z A bag of many boiled potatoes 1355187 10882774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Spencer Pratt | image = Spencer Pratt 2009.jpg | birth_name = Spencer William Pratt | birth_date = August 14, 1983 | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | television = [[The Princes of Malibu]] [[The Hills]] [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]] [[Celebrity Big Brother]] [[The Hills: New Beginnings]] | party = Republican (2020–present) | otherparty = Independent (2008–2020) | children = 2 | relatives = [[Stephanie Pratt]] (sister) }} '''Spencer Pratt''' (born August 14, 1983 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television personality]] and failed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazard |first=Charlotte |date=June 9, 2026 |title=Former reality TV star Spencer Pratt loses the Los Angeles mayor's race |url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/nation-world/former-reality-tv-star-spencer-pratt-loses-the-los-angeles-mayors-race-karen-bass-california-donald-trump-abe-hamadeh |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=WBFF }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Reality Star Spencer Pratt Ousted From L.A. Mayoral Race as Democrats Advance to General Election |url=https://people.com/spencer-pratt-ousted-la-mayoral-race-11989093 |website=People.com}}</ref> politcal candidate. He is best known from the [[MTV]]s [[television series|series]] ''[[The Hills]]''. Pratt and [[Heidi Montag]] were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity [[Big Brother (UK)]]. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Spencer}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants]] [[Category:Participants in American reality television series]] [[Category:Television personalities from Los Angeles]] d5vf8u5klh9kvqjsesg7y0od1k7eemy 10882775 10882774 2026-06-10T00:34:12Z A bag of many boiled potatoes 1355187 /* */ 10882775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Spencer Pratt | image = Spencer Pratt 2009.jpg | birth_name = Spencer William Pratt | birth_date = August 14, 1983 | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | television = [[The Princes of Malibu]] [[The Hills]] [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]] [[Celebrity Big Brother]] [[The Hills: New Beginnings]] | party = Republican (2020–present) | otherparty = Independent (2008–2020) | spouse = [[Heidi Montag]] | children = 2 | relatives = [[Stephanie Pratt]] (sister) }} '''Spencer Pratt''' (born August 14, 1983 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television personality]] and failed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazard |first=Charlotte |date=June 9, 2026 |title=Former reality TV star Spencer Pratt loses the Los Angeles mayor's race |url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/nation-world/former-reality-tv-star-spencer-pratt-loses-the-los-angeles-mayors-race-karen-bass-california-donald-trump-abe-hamadeh |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=WBFF }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Reality Star Spencer Pratt Ousted From L.A. Mayoral Race as Democrats Advance to General Election |url=https://people.com/spencer-pratt-ousted-la-mayoral-race-11989093 |website=People.com}}</ref> politcal candidate. He is best known from the [[MTV]]s [[television series|series]] ''[[The Hills]]''. Pratt and [[Heidi Montag]] were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity [[Big Brother (UK)]]. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Spencer}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants]] [[Category:Participants in American reality television series]] [[Category:Television personalities from Los Angeles]] ft2k7rgca6jm8204cim24j4s4r0byq2 10882778 10882775 2026-06-10T00:38:46Z A bag of many boiled potatoes 1355187 /* */ 10882778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Spencer Pratt | image = Spencer Pratt 2009.jpg | birth_name = Spencer William Pratt | birth_date = August 14, 1983 | birth_place = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S. | television = [[The Princes of Malibu]] [[The Hills]] [[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!]] [[Celebrity Big Brother]] [[The Hills: New Beginnings]] | party = Republican (2020–present) | otherparty = Independent (2008–2020) | spouse = [[Heidi Montag]] | children = 2 | relatives = [[Stephanie Pratt]] (sister) }} '''Spencer Pratt''' (born August 14, 1983 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television personality]] and failed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hazard |first=Charlotte |date=June 9, 2026 |title=Former reality TV star Spencer Pratt loses the Los Angeles mayor's race |url=https://foxbaltimore.com/news/nation-world/former-reality-tv-star-spencer-pratt-loses-the-los-angeles-mayors-race-karen-bass-california-donald-trump-abe-hamadeh |access-date=June 9, 2026 |website=WBFF }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=June 8, 2026 |title=Reality Star Spencer Pratt Ousted From L.A. Mayoral Race as Democrats Advance to General Election |url=https://people.com/spencer-pratt-ousted-la-mayoral-race-11989093 |website=People.com}}</ref> politcal candidate. He is best known from the [[MTV]]s [[television series|series]] ''[[The Hills]]''. Pratt and [[Heidi Montag]] were housemates in the January 2013 series of Celebrity [[Big Brother (UK)]]. After his home in [[Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles|Pacific Palisades]] was destroyed in the [[Palisades Fire]] in January 2025, he sued the city of Los Angeles and pushed for an investigation into California Governor [[Gavin Newsom]] and Mayor [[Karen Bass]]. A year after the fire, he said he would run for mayor of Los Angeles in 2026. He entered as a Republican in the non-partisan race. His policy positions included more funding for the [[Los Angeles Police Department]] (LAPD), taling homelessness funding from current programs and using it for mandatory treatment and enforcement, and cracking down on [[Street takeover|street takeovers]]. == References == {{DEFAULTSORT:Pratt, Spencer}} [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Celebrity Big Brother contestants]] [[Category:Participants in American reality television series]] [[Category:Television personalities from Los Angeles]] i41m7lwwrajagr4gz7z7ryyagdqsjzp 0 260148 10882526 10877615 2026-06-09T18:59:28Z Mylesnick 1819252 Theatirical films list: I Updated! 10882526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the early 20th century movie theater|Nickelodeon movie theater}} {{Infobox Company | company_name = Nickelodeon Movies | logo = Nickelodeon Movies 2020.svg | logo_caption = Logo used since 2020 | caption = | company_type = Production arm of [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] | owner = [[Paramount Global]] | parent = [[Paramount Pictures]] | foundation = February 25, 1995 | location_city = [[Los Angeles, California]] | location_country = [[United States]] | industry = [[Motion pictures]] | homepage = {{URL|http://web.archive.org/web/20061105032502/http://www.nickelodeonmovies.com/|www.nickelodeonmovies.com}} }} '''Nickelodeon Movies''' is the [[motion picture]] production arm of family cable channel [[Nickelodeon]], originally launched on February 25, 1995. == Released Films == {{timeline of release years |1996=''[[Harriet The Spy]]'' |1997=''[[Good Burger]]'' |1998=''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' |2000a=''[[Snow Day]]'' |2000b=''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]'' |2001a=''Blazing Dragons: The Movie'' |2001b=''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' |2002a=''[[Clockstoppers]]'' |2002b=''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]'' |2002c=''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'' |2003=''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]'' |2004a=''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' |2004b=''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' |2005a=''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]'' |2005b=''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (2005 movie)|Yours, Mine & Ours]]'' |2006a=''[[Nacho Libre]]'' |2006b=''[[Barnyard (movie)|Barnyard]]'' |2006c=''The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie'' |2006d=''[[Charlotte's Web (1973 movie)|Charlotte’s Web]]'' |2007=''Danny Phantom: The Movie'' |2008a=''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles]]'' |2008b=''[[Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging]]'' |2009a=''[[Hotel for Dogs]]'' |2009b=''[[Imagine That]]'' |2010=''[[The Last Airbender]]'' |2011a=''[[Rango (2011 movie)|Rango]]'' |2011b=''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'' |2012=''[[Fun Size]]'' |2013=''A Fairy Odd Movie: Timmy Has A Kid'' |2014=''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' |2015a=''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|The SpongeBob Movie 2: Sponge Out of Water]]'' |2015b=''Breadwinners: The Movie'' |2016=''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' |2017a=''[[Monster Trucks]]'' |2017b=''Harvey Beaks: The Movie'' |2017c=''T. U. F. F. Puppy: The Movie'' |2017d=''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |2018=''Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie'' |2019a=''[[Wonder Park]]'' |2019b=''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]'' |2019c=''[[Playing with Fire]]'' |2020=''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie'' |2021a=''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run|The SpongeBob Movie 3: Sponge on the Run]]'' |2021b=''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |2021c=''[[The Loud House Movie]]'' |2021d=''[[The A-Team|The J Team]]'' |2021e=''A Loud House Christmas'' |2022a=''The Fairy Oddparents: The Fairy-Odder Movie'' |2022b=''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |2022c=''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Movie]]'' |2022d=''[[Monster High: The Movie]]'' |2022e=''[[Blue's Big City Adventure]]'' |2022f=''[[Fantasy football|Fantasy Football]]'' |2022g=''[[Snow Day (2022 movie)|Snow Day]]'' |2023a=''[[The Really Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |2023b=''[[Zoey 102]]'' |2023c=''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' |2023d=''[[A Really Haunted Loud House]]'' |2023e=[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]] |2023f=[[Monster High 2]] |2023g=Under the Boardwalk |2023h=''[[Good Burger 2]]'' |2023i=[[Baby Shark's Big Movie]] |2024a=[[The Thundermans Return]] |2024b=[[The Casagrandes Movie]] |2024c=[[No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie]] |2024d=[[Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie]] |2025a=[[Henry Danger: The Movie]] |2025b=Plankton: The Movie |2025c=''The Fairy Oddparents: A New Wish Movie'' |2025d=Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado |2025e=''[[Smurfs (film)|Smurfs]]'' |2025f=A Loud House Christmas: Naughty or Nice |2025g=[[The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants|The SpongeBob Movie 4: Search for SquarePants]] |2025h=[[My Weird School]] |2026a=''[[Paw Patrol: The Dino Movie]]'' |2026b=''Avatar Aang: The Last Airbender'' |2026c=''Wylde Pak: The Movie'' |2027=Untitled ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem'' Sequel |2028=Untitled ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' Live Action film }} ===Theatrical films=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="12%" | Release date ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Director(s) ! colspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Writer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Producer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Composer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Co-production with ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Animation services |- ! width="10%" | Story ! width="10%" | Screenplay |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Harriet the Spy (film)|Harriet the Spy]]''{{efn|Live-action film|name=L}} |{{dts|1996|7|10}} |[[Bronwen Hughes]] |[[Greg Taylor (author)|Greg Taylor]]<br>[[Julie Talen]] |[[Douglas Petrie]]<br>[[Theresa Rebeck]] |Mary Kay Powell<br>Nava Levin |[[Jamshied Sharifi]] |[[Ray Stark|Rastar]] | rowspan="2" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Good Burger]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|1997|7|25}} |[[Brian Robbins]] | colspan="2" |[[Dan Schneider (TV producer)|Dan Schneider]]<br>[[Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert|Kevin Kopelow]]<br>[[Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert|Heath Seifert]] |[[Mike Tollin]]<br>Brian Robbins |[[Stewart Copeland]] |[[Tollin/Robbins Productions]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} |{{dts|1998|11|20}} |Norton Virgien<br>[[Igor Kovalyov]] | colspan="2" |[[David N. Weiss]]<br>J. David Stem |[[Arlene Klasky]]<br>[[Gábor Csupó]] |[[Mark Mothersbaugh]] |[[Klasky Csupo]] |Klasky Csupo<br>[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>[[Grimsaem]]<br>[[Sunwoo Entertainment]]<br>Stardust Pictures |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow Day (2000 film)|Snow Day]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2000|2|11}} |[[Chris Koch (director)|Chris Koch]] | colspan="2" |[[Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi|Will McRobb<br>Chris Viscardi]] |[[Albie Hecht]]<br>Julia Pistor |[[Steve Bartek]] |[[C.O.R.E.]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2000|11|17}} |Stig Bergqvist<br>Paul Demeyer | colspan="2" |J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss<br>Jill Gorey<br>Barbara Herndon<br>[[Kate Boutilier]] |Arlene Klasky<br>Gábor Csupó |Mark Mothersbaugh |Klasky Csupo |Klasky Csupo<br>Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Grimsaem<br>Sunwoo Entertainment<br>[[Rhythm & Hues Studios]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Blazing Dragons: The Movie (2001 film)|Blazing Dragons: The Movie]]''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2001|11|9}}{{efn|Blazing Dragons: The Movie Was Distributed By Alliance Atlantis Releasing, Ltd. In Canada, Gaumont In France, Entertainment Film Distributors In The United Kingdom And Paramount Pictures In The United States And It Was Released Theatrically In France, United Kingdom, Canada And The United States}} |Lawrence Jacobs<br/>[[Butch Hartman]] | colspan="2" |Dale Schott<br />Ben Joseph<br />Hugh Duyfyngel |Stéphane Bernasconi<br/>[[Michael Hirsh]]<br/>[[Terry Jones]]<br/>Patrick Loubert<br/>Robert Réa<br/>[[Clive A. Smith]]<br/>Julia Pistor |John Powell<br>Gavin Greenaway<br>Harry Gregson-Williams<br>{{small|(score)}}<hr>Amin Batha<br>{{small|(themes)}}{{efn|Additional Music By Steve Jablonsky, Klaus Badelt And Geoff Zaneli}} |[[Nelvana]]<br>[[Ellipse Animation]]<br>[[:en:Gaumont|Gaumont]]<br>{{small|(France distribution only)}}<br>Alliance Alantis Releasing, ltd.<br>{{small|(Canadian distribution only)}}<br>Entertainment Film Distributors<br>{{small|(Untied Kingdom distribution only)}} |Nelvana<br>Ellipse Animation<br>[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>Heart Of Texas Productions<br>Stardust Pictures<br>Spaff Animation<br>Character Builders<br>[[Hanho Heung-Up|Hanho Heung-Up Co., Ltd.]]<br>Studios Animage<br>[[Ellipsanime|Le Studio Ellipse]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2001|12|21}} |[[John A. Davis]] |John A. Davis<br>[[Steve Oedekerk]] |John A. Davis<br>J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss<br>Steve Oedekerk |Steve Oedekerk<br>John A. Davis<br>Albie Hecht |[[John Debney]] |[[Steve Oedekerk#O Entertainment|O Entertainment]]<br>[[DNA Productions]] |Nickelodeon Animtion Studio<br>DNA Productions |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Clockstoppers]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2002|3|29}} |[[Jonathan Frakes]] |Rob Hedden<br>Andy Hedden<br>J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss |Rob Hedden<br>J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss |[[Gale Anne Hurd]]<br>Julia Pistor |Jamshied Sharifi |[[Valhalla Entertainment|Valhalla Motion Pictures]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2002|6|28}} |[[Tuck Tucker]] | colspan="2" |[[Craig Bartlett]]<br>[[Steve Viksten]] |Craig Bartlett<br>Albie Hecht |[[Jim Lang (composer)|Jim Lang]] |[[Craig Bartlett|Snee-Oosh, Inc.]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Foundas |first=Scott |date=2002-05-13 |title=Hey Arnold! The Movie |url=https://variety.com/2002/film/features/hey-arnold-the-movie-1200549732/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<ref name=":0" /><br>[[Saerom Animation]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2002|12|20}} |Cathy Malkasian<br>Jeff McGrath | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Kate Boutilier | rowspan="2" |Arlene Klasky<br>Gábor Csupó |[[Drew Neumann]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detail View of Movies Page |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/62639-THE-WILDTHORNBERRYSMOVIE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519055945/https://catalog.afi.com/Film/62639-THE-WILDTHORNBERRYSMOVIE |archive-date=2021-05-19 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=AFI.com}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Klasky Csupo | rowspan="2" |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Klasky Csupo<br>Sunwoo Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2003|6|13}} |Norton Virgien<br>John Eng |Mark Mothersbaugh |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''{{efn|Live-action/animated film|name=LA}} |{{dts|2004|11|19}} | colspan="2" | [[Stephen Hillenburg]] |[[Derek Drymon]]<br>[[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]]<br>Stephen Hillenburg<br>[[Kent Osborne]]<br>[[Aaron Springer]]<br>[[Paul Tibbitt]] |Stephen Hillenburg<br>Julia Pistor |Gregor Narholz |[[Stephen Hillenburg#Other pursuits|United Plankton Pictures]] |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Rough Draft Studios|Rough Draft Studios, Korea]]<br>Tony Gardener, Inc.<br>Warner Bros. Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2004|12|17}} |[[Brad Silberling]] | colspan="2" |[[Robert Gordon (screenwriter)|Robert Gordon]] |[[Laurie MacDonald]]<br>[[Walter F. Parkes]]<br>Jim Van Wyck |[[Thomas Newman]] |[[DreamWorks Pictures]] {{small|(international)}}<br>Parkes/MacDonald Productions | rowspan="4" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]''{{efn|name=L}}{{efn|Not produced by Nickelodeon Movies, but released under their label.|name=R}} |{{dts|2005|5|13}} |[[Marilyn Agrelo]] | colspan="2" |[[Amy Sewell]] |Marilyn Agrelo<br>[[Amy Sewell]]<br>Brian David<br>Cange Wilder Knight II |Joseph Baker<br>[[Steven Lutvak]] |[[Paramount Classics]]<br>Just One Productions |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Yours, Mine & Ours (2005 film)|Yours, Mine & Ours]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2005|11|23}} |[[Raja Gosnell]] | colspan="2" |[[Ron Burch]]<br>David Kidd |[[Robert Simonds]]<br>Michael G. Nathanson |[[Christophe Beck]] |[[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]<br>[[Columbia Pictures]]<br>[[Robert Simonds|Robert Simonds Company]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Nacho Libre]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2006|6|16}} |[[Jared and Jerusha Hess|Jared Hess]] | colspan="2" |Jared Hess<br>[[Jared and Jerusha Hess|Jerusha Hess]]<br>[[Mike White (filmmaker)|Mike White]] |Mike White<br>[[Jack Black]]<br>Julia Pistor<br>[[David Klawans]] |[[Danny Elfman]] |[[Jared and Jerusha Hess|HH Films]]<br>Black & White Productions |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Barnyard (film)|Barnyard]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2006|8|4}} | colspan="3" |[[Steve Oedekerk]] |Steve Oedekerk<br>Paul Marshal |John Debney |O Entertainment |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>[[Steve Oedekerk#Omation Animation Studio|Omation Animation Studio]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2006|9|8}}<br>{{efn|The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie Was Theatrically Released In The Unites States And Canadian Theatres. It Was later distributed by Motion Picture Distribution LP In Canada. and then Distributed by [[Paramount Pictures]] In The United States.}} | colspan="2" |Butch Hartman |Butch Hartman<br>Kirk DeMicco |Butch Harman<br>Kirk DeMicco<br>Fred Seibert<br>Bob Boyle<br>Steve Marmell<br>Randy Saba<br>Julia Pistor |Hans Zimmer<br>John Powell<br>{{small|(score)}}{{efn|Replaced Harry Gregson-Williams}}<hr>Daran Norris<br>Susanne Blakeslee<br>{{small|(songs)}}{{efn|Additional Music By Heitor Piereia, Geoff Zanelli And Gavin Greenaway}} |[[Frederator Studios]]<br>[[Nelvana]]<br>[[:en:Alliance_Atlantis|Motion Picture Distribution LP]]<br>{{small|(canadian distributor only)}} |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>Yeson Animation Studios<br>[[:en:Rhythm_&_Hues_Studios|Rhythm & Hues Studios]]<br>Nelvana |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2006|12|15}} |[[Gary Winick]] | colspan="2" |[[Susannah Grant]]<br>[[Karey Kirkpatrick]] |[[Jordan Kerner]] |Danny Elfman |[[Jordan Kerner|The Kerner Entertainment Company]]<br>[[Walden Media]] |Rising Sun Pictures<br>[[Tippett Studio]]<br>Rhythm & Hues Studios<br>Fuel International<br>[[Method Studios|Digital Studios Iloura]]<br>Illusion Arts, Inc.<br>Digital Dimension<br>[[Reel FX Animation|Reel FX, Inc.]] |- ! scope="row" | ''Danny Phantom: The Movie''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2007|05|11}} |Butch Hartman | colspan="2" |Butch Hartman<br>Steve Marmell |Butch Hartman<br>George Goodchild<br>Steve Marmell |Harry Gregson-Williams{{efn|Additional Music By Steve Jablonsky And Klaus Badelt}} |Billionfond, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Yeson Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)|The Spiderwick Chronicles]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2008|2|14}} |[[Mark Waters (director)|Mark Waters]] | colspan="2" |Karey Kirkpatrick<br>David Berenbaum<br>[[John Sayles]] |[[Mark Canton]]<br>[[Larry Franco]]<br>[[Ellen Goldsmith-Vein]]<br>Karey Kirkpatrick |[[James Horner]] |[[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]]<br>Atmosphere Pictures |[[Industrial Light & Magic]]<br>Tippett Studio |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2008|7|25}} |[[Gurinder Chadha]] | colspan="2" |Gurinder Chadha<br>[[Paul Mayeda Berges]]<br>[[Will McRobb]]<br>[[Chris Viscardi]] |Gurinder Chadha<br>[[Lynda Obst]] |[[Joby Talbot]] |Goldcrest Pictures |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hotel for Dogs (film)|Hotel for Dogs]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2009|1|16}} |[[Thor Freudenthal]] | colspan="2" |Jeff Lowell<br>[[Mark McCorkle]]<br>[[Bob Schooley]] |[[Lauren Shuler Donner]]<br>Ewan Leslie<br>Jonathan Gordon<br>Jason Clark |John Debney |DreamWorks Pictures<br>Cold Spring Pictures<br>[[The Montecito Picture Company]]<br>[[The Donners' Company]] |[[Sony Pictures Imageworks]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Imagine That (film)|Imagine That]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2009|6|12}} |[[Karey Kirkpatrick]] | colspan="2" |[[Ed Solomon]]<br>[[Chris Matheson (screenwriter)|Chris Matheson]] |[[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]<br>[[Ed Solomon]] |[[Mark Mancina]] |[[Di Bonaventura Pictures]]<br>[[Goldcrest Films|Goldcrest Pictures]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Last Airbender (film)|The Last Airbender]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2010|7|1}} | colspan="3" |[[M. Night Shyamalan]] |M. Night Shyamalan<br>[[Sam Mercer]]<br>[[Frank Marshall (producer)|Frank Marshall]] |[[James Newton Howard]] |[[Blinding Edge Pictures]]<br>The Kennedy/Marshall Company | rowspan="2" |Industrial Light & Magic |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2011|3|4}} |[[Gore Verbinski]] |[[John Logan (writer)|John Logan]]<br>Gore Verbinski<br>[[James Ward Byrkit]] |John Logan |Gore Verbinski<br>[[Graham King]]<br>John B. Carls |[[Hans Zimmer]] |[[Gore Verbinski|Blind Wink Productions]]<br>[[GK Films]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2011|12|21}} |[[Steven Spielberg]] | colspan="2" |[[Steven Moffat]]<br>[[Edgar Wright]]<br>[[Joe Cornish]] |Steven Spielberg<br>[[Peter Jackson]]<br>[[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] |[[John Williams]] |Columbia Pictures {{small|(international)}}<br>[[Amblin Entertainment]]<br>The Kennedy/Marshall Company<br>[[WingNut Films]]<br>Hemisphere Media Capital |[[Weta Digital]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fun Size]]''{{efn|name=L}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2012|10|26}} |[[Josh Schwartz]] | colspan="2" |Max Werner |[[Stephanie Savage]]<br>Josh Schwartz<br>Bard Dorros<br>David Kanter |[[Deborah Lurie]] |[[Anonymous Content]]<br>[[Fake Empire (company)|Fake Empire]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''A Fairy Odd Movie: Timmy Has A Kid''{{efn|name=L}} |May 24, 2013 |Savage Steve Holland | colspan="2" |Butch Hartman<br>Scott Fellows |Butch Hartman<br>Kirk DeMicco<br>Scott McAboy<br>Fred Siebert<br>Marjorn Cohn<br>Lauren Levine |Hans Zimmer<br>Henry Jackman<br>John Powell |Billionfond, Inc.<br>Frederator Studios<br>Pacfic Bay Entertainment |Prana Studios<br>Oasis Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2014|8|8}} |[[Jonathan Liebesman]] | colspan="2" |[[Josh Appelbaum]]<br>[[André Nemec]]<br>[[Evan Daugherty]] |[[Michael Bay]]<br>[[Andrew Form]]<br>[[Brad Fuller (producer)|Brad Fuller]]<br>Galen Walker<br>Scott Mednick<br>[[Ian Bryce]] |[[Brian Tyler]] |[[Platinum Dunes]]<br>Gama Entertainment<br>Mednick Productions<br>[[Heavy Metal (magazine)|Heavy Metal]] |Industrial Light & Magic |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2015|2|6}} |[[Paul Tibbitt]] |Stephen Hillenburg<br>Paul Tibbitt |[[Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger|Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger]] |Paul Tibbitt<br>[[Mary Parent]] |John Debney |[[Paramount Animation]]<br>United Plankton Pictures |Nickelodeon Animation Studio {{small|(2D animation)}}<br>Rough Draft Studios, Korea {{small|(2D animation)}}<br>Iloura VFX {{small|(3D animation)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''BreadWinners: The Movie''{{efn|name=A}} |April 17, 2015 |Steve Borst | colspan="2" |Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger<br>Steve Borst<br>Gary "Doodles" DiRiaffaele |Steve Boost<br>Gary "Doodles" DiRiaffaele<br>Mary Harrington<br>Lizbeth Velasco<br>Mary Parent |Christophe Beck |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Titmouse Inc. |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2016|6|3}} |[[Dave Green (director)|Dave Green]] | colspan="2" |Josh Appelbaum<br>André Nemec |Michael Bay<br>Andrew Form<br>Brad Fuller<br>Galen Walker<br>Scott Mednick |[[Steve Jablonsky]] |Platinum Dunes<br>China Movie Media Group<br>Gama Entertainment<br>Mednick Productions<br>Smithrowe Entertainment<br>[[Alibaba Pictures]] |Industrial Light & Magic |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monster Trucks (film)|Monster Trucks]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2017|1|13}} |[[Chris Wedge]] |Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger<br>[[Matthew Robinson (director)|Matthew Robinson]] |[[Derek Connolly]] |Mary Parent<br>Denis L. Stewart |[[Dave Sardy]] |Paramount Animation<br>[[Mary Parent|Disruption Entertainment]] |[[Moving Picture Company]]<br>[[Lola Visual Effects]]<br>Prime Focus |- ! scope="row" | ''Harvey Beaks: The Movie''{{efn|name=A}} |July 21, 2017 |C. H. Greenblatt | colspan="2" |C. H. Greenblatt<br>Rob Letterman |C. H. Greenblatt<br>Rob Letterman<br>Joann Estoessa |Henry Jackman{{efn|Additional Music By Dominic Lewis}} |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Mercury Filmworks<br>Yeson Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[T.U.F.F. Puppy: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2017|9|14}} |Butch Harman |Butch Harman<br>Nicholas Stoller |Nicholas Stoller |Deidre Brenner<br>Randy Saba<br>Ray DeLaurentis |John Debney<br>Dominic Lewis<br>Harry Gregson-Williams{{efn|Additional Music By Tom Howe And Stephanie Economou}} |Paramount Animation<br>Billionfond, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Yeson Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2017|10|20}} |Chris Savino | colspan="2" |Jonathan Aiebel<br>Glenn Berger |Chris Savino<br>Mary Parent |[[:en:Theodore_Shapiro|Theodore Shapiro]]<br>[[:en:Chris_Bacon_(composer)|Chris Bacon]]{{efn|Replaced John Debney And Christophe Beck}} |Paramount Animation |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>[[:en:Jam_Filled_Entertainment|Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[:en:Outsourcing_of_animation_to_the_Philippines|Top Draw Animation]]<br>[[Digital eMation]]<br>[[Mercury Filmworks]]<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]]<br>Snipple Animation Studios<br>Yeson Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |September 7, 2018 | colspan="3" |Butch Hartman |Butch Hartman<br>Aron Warner<br>Mary Parent<br>Wren Errington<br>Christine Thompson<br>Karen Malach |Mycheal Danna<br>Jeff Danna<br>{{small|(score)}}<hr>Jeremy Rowley<br>{{small|(songs)}} |Paramount Animation<br>Billionfond, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Yeson Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wonder Park]]''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} |{{dts|2019|3|15}} |Dylan Brown<br>{{small|(uncredited)}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=January 30, 2018 |title='Amusement Park' Helmer Fired By Paramount For "Inappropriate" Behavior |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/amusement-park-director-fired-sexual-harassment-dylan-brown-paramount-2-1202274767/ |access-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="miller">{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Dylan |date=March 15, 2019 |title=Paramount's new animated movie ''Wonder Park'' doesn't have a credited director, and here's why |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |url=https://www.avclub.com/paramounts-new-animated-movie-wonder-park-doesnt-have-a-1833328690 |access-date=March 16, 2019}}</ref> |Robert Gordon<br>[[Josh Appelbaum]]<br>[[André Nemec]] |Josh Appelbaum<br>André Nemec |Josh Appelbaum<br>André Nemec<br>Kendra Halland |[[Steven Price (composer)|Steven Price]] |Paramount Animation<br>[[Ilion Animation Studios]]<br>Midnight Radio Productions<br>Sunswept Entertainment |Ilion Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2019|8|9}} |[[James Bobin]] |[[Tom Wheeler (writer)|Tom Wheeler]]<br>[[Nicholas Stoller]] |Nicholas Stoller<br>Matthew Robinson<ref>{{cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Isabela Moner Lands Title Role In Paramount Animation' Live-Action/Animated 'Dora The Explorer' |url=https://deadline.com/2018/05/isabela-moner-lands-title-role-in-paramount-players-live-action-dora-the-explorer-1202381322/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |[[Kristin Burr]] |John Debney<br>[[Germaine Franco]] |[[Paramount Players]]<br>Walden Media<ref>{{cite web |last=Busch |first=Anita |date=June 6, 2018 |title=Walden Media & Eugenio Derbez Join Live-Action 'Dora The Explorer' Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/walden-media-eugenio-derbez-dora-the-explorer-live-action-movie-1202405107/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br>[[Media Rights Capital]]<br>Burr! Productions |[[The Mill (company)|The Mill]]<br>Moving Picture Company<br>[[Blink (company)|Blink Industries]]<br>{{small|(2D animation scenes)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Playing with Fire (2019 film)|Playing with Fire]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2019|11|8}} |[[Andy Fickman]] |Dan Ewen |Dan Ewen<br>[[Matt Lieberman]] |[[Todd Garner]]<br>Sean Robbins |[[Nathan Wang]] |Paramount Players<br>Walden Media<br>Broken Road Productions |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2020|8|14}}{{efn|''The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run'' was theatrically released on August 14, 2020 only in Canada. It was later released on [[Netflix]] internationally on November 5, and then on [[Paramount+]] on March 4, 2021 in the United States.<ref name="CBS All Access">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/spongebob-movie-skipping-theaters-cbs-all-access-1203539493/|title=''SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run'' Skipping Theaters to Launch On Demand and CBS All Access (EXCLUSIVE)|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|author=Rebecca Rubin|date=June 22, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020}}</ref>}} |Tim Hill<ref>{{cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Matt |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Paramount Animation Sets Three New Films, Including 'SpongeBobSequel |url=https://www.thewrap.com/paramount-animation-sets-three-new-films-including-spongebob-sequel/ |access-date=June 10, 2018 |work=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> |Tim Hill<br>Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger<ref>{{cite web |last=Erbland |first=Kate |date=March 3, 2020 |title=Tribeca 2020 Unveils Features Lineup: 'The Trip to Greece,' 'King of Staten Island,' 'Bad Education,' and 'Shirley' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/03/tribeca-2020-feature-lineup-1202214949/ |access-date=March 26, 2020 |work=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> |Tim Hill |Ryan Harris |Hans Zimmer<br>Steve Mazzaro |Paramount Animation<br>United Plankton Pictures<br>MRC |[[:en:Mikros_Animation|Mikros Image]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |- ! scope="row" | ''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} |October 23, 2020 |Chris Savino<br>Michael Rubiner<br>Miguel Puga |Chris Savino<br>Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger |Chris Savino |Michael Rubiner<br>Miguel Puga<br>Chris Savino<br>Karen Malach<br>Lin-Manuel Miranda |Theodore Shapiro<br>{{small|(score)}}<hr>Lin-Manuel Miranda<br>{{small|(songs)}} |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]]<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>[[Digital eMation]]<br>Big Jump Entertainment<br>Nørlum<br>Synergy Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Paw Patrol: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}}{{efn|Unlike previous films from Nickelodeon Movies, ''Paw Patrol: The Movie'' was produced in Canada, and the film's copyright is owned by [[Spin Master]] rather than Paramount. Nickelodeon Movies only distributed the film internationally, and did not produce it outright.|name=pawmovie}} |{{dts|2021|8|20}} |[[Cal Brunker]]<ref name="PawMovie">{{cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=February 21, 2020 |title='PAW Patrol' Movie In The Works For Summer 2021 From Spin Master, Paramount & Nickelodeon |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/paw-patrol-movie-spin-master-paramount-nickelodeon-1202865343/ |access-date=February 21, 2020 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |[[Billy Frolick]] | Billy Frolick<br>Cal Brunker<br>[[Bob Barlen]] |Jennifer Dodge |[[Heitor Pereira]] |[[Spin Master Entertainment]] |[[:en:Mikros_Animation|Mikros Image]] |- ! scope="row" | ''The Fairy Oddparents: The Fairy-Odder Movie''{{efn|name=LA}} |May 13, 2022 | colspan="3" |Christopher J. Nowak |Christopher J. Nowak<br>Mike Caron<br>Butch Hartman<br>Fred Seibert<br>Samatha Martin<br>Andrew Hirsch<br>Sam Becker<br>Shari Tevy |Hans Zimmer<br>Lorne Balfe<br>John Powell |Paramount Players<br>Billionfond, Inc.<br>Walden Media<br>Boxel Animation<br>Line By Line Media |Weta FX<br>Digital Domain<br>DNEG<br>Boxel Animation<br>Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>{{small|(2D Animation Scenes)}}<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>{{small|(2D Animation Scenes)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}}{{efn|''Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank'' is a film that had been in development for many years, and had no involvement from Nickelodeon or Paramount. Paramount had acquired the distribution rights to the film from GFM Animation in January 2022 for select territories and was later announced to be released under Paramount Animation, later Nickelodeon Movies.|name=pawsoffury}} |{{dts|2022|7|15}} |[[Rob Minkoff]]<br>Mark Koetsier<br>Chris Bailey |[[Andrew Bergman]] |Ed Stone<br>Nate Hopper<br>[[Mel Brooks]]<br>[[Norman Steinberg]]<br>Andrew Bergman<br>[[Richard Pryor]]<br>[[Alan Uger]] |Rob Minkoff<br>Adam Nagle<br>Peter Nagle<br>Guy Collins<br>Yair Landau<br>Susan Purcell |[[Bear McCreary]] |[[Aniventure]]<br>Align<br>[[Brooksfilms]]<br>[[Rob Minkoff|Flying Tigers Entertainment]]<br>GFM Animation<br>[[Huayi Brothers|HB Wink Animation]]<br>[[Cinesite]] |Cinesite |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Really Loud House: The First Movie]]''{{efn|name=L}} |March 17, 2023 |Tim Hobert | colspan="2" |Tim Hobert<br>Chris Savino<br>Matt Lieberman |Tim Hobert<br>Chris Savino<br>Jonathan Judge<br>Micheal Rubiner<br>Micheal Hobert<br>David McHugh<br>Matt Flanagan<br>Don Dunn<br>Angela Yarbrough<br>Kyle Marshall |Theodore Shapiro<br>John Debney |Paramount Players<br>93rd Street Productions<br>Walden Media<br>Quick To Judge |Moving Picture Company<br>Industrial Light & Magic<br>Rodeo FX |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2023|8|2}} |[[Jeff Rowe (filmmaker)|Jeff Rowe]]<hr>{{small|'''''Co-director'':'''}}<br>Kyler Spears |[[Brendan O'Brien (screenwriter)|Brendan O'Brien]]<br>[[Seth Rogen]]<br>[[Evan Goldberg]]<br>Jeff Rowe |Seth Rogen<br>Evan Goldberg<br>Jeff Rowe<br>[[Dan Hernandez]]<br>[[Benji Samit]] |Seth Rogen<br>Evan Goldberg<br>James Weaver |[[Trent Reznor]]<br>[[Atticus Ross]] |[[Point Grey Pictures]] |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Mikros Animation<br>Cinesite |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Paw Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2023|9|29}} |[[Cal Brunker]] |Cal Brunker<br>[[Bob Barlen]]<br>Shane Morris |Cal Brunker<br>Bob Barlen |Jennifer Dodge<br>Laura Clunie<br>Toni Stevens |[[Pinar Toprak]]{{efn|Replaced Heitor Piereia}} |Spin Master Entertainment |Mikros Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Under the Boardwalk (2023 film)|Under the Boardwalk]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}}{{efn|''Under the Boardwalk'' was produced by Paramount Animation with no involvement from Nickelodeon. The Nickelodeon Movies logo was shown in the theatrical release only.}} |October 27, 2023<br><small>(Limited theatrical release)</small><ref>https://www.cartoonbrew.com/distribution/under-the-boardwalk-limited-theatrical-release-october-27-233915.html</ref><ref>https://www.movieinsider.com/m17651/jersey-crabs</ref><ref>https://www.nickalive.net/2023/10/under-boardwalk-to-receive-limited.html?m=0#:~:text=NickALive!:%20'Under%20the%20Boardwalk,7%20%5BUpdated%20w/%20Trailer%5D</ref> |[[David Soren (animator)|David Soren]] |[[Lorene Scafaria]]<br>[[David Dobkin (director)|David Dobkin]] |Lorene Scafaria<br>David Soren |David Dobkin<br>Dagan Potter<br>Allison Gardner |John Debney<br>Jonathan Sadoff |Paramount Animation<br>Big Kid Pictures |[[DNEG Animation]] |- ! scope="row" | ''The Fairy Oddparents: A New Wish Movie''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} | align="center" |April 18, 2025 | align="center" |Butch Hartman |Butch Hartman<br>Kirk DeMicco |Butch Hartman | align="center" |Daniel Abramovici<br>Ashleigh Crystal Hairston<br>Lindsay Katai<br>Dave Stone<br>Butch Hartman<br>Fred Seibert | align="center" |Hans Zimmer<br>Steve Mazzaro<br>{{small|(score)}}{{efn|Originally Composed By Hans Zimmer And John Powell}}<hr>Daran Norris<br>Susanne Blakeslee<br>{{small|(songs)}} | align="center" |Paramount Animation<br>FredFilms<br>Billionfond, Inc. | align="center" |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Giant Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Smurfs (film)|Smurfs]]''{{efn|name=LA}} | {{dts|2025|07|18}} | [[Chris Miller (animator)|Chris Miller]] <hr>{{small|''Co-director:''}}<br />Matthew Landon | colspan="2" | [[Pam Brady]] | Ryan Harris<br />[[Rihanna]]<br />Laurence "Jay" Brown<br />Tyran "Ty-Ty" Smith | [[Henry Jackman]]<br />{{Small|(score)}}<hr>Rihanna<br />{{Small|(songs)}} | Marcy Media Films | [[Cinesite]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2025|12|19}} | [[Derek Drymon]] | [[Pam Brady]]<br>[[Kaz (cartoonist)|Kaz]]<br>Marc Ceccarelli | Pam Brady<br>[[Matt Lieberman]] | Lisa Stewart<br>Pam Brady<br>Aaron Dem | John Debney ||Paramount Animation<br>United Plankton Pictures<br>MRC |[[Reel FX Animation]]<br>[[FuseFX|Fuse FX]]<br>[[Cinesite]] [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |} ===Streaming films=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="12%" | Release date ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Director(s) ! colspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Writer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Producer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Composer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Co-production with ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Animation services |- ! width="10%" | Story ! width="10%" | Screenplay |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Loud House Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2021|8|20}} |Dave Needham | colspan="2" |Kevin Sullivan<br>Chris Viscardi |Chris Viscardi |Philip White<br>[[Christopher Lennertz]] |{{small|(distributed by [[Netflix]])}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[Top Draw Animation]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The J Team]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2021|9|3}} |[[Michael Lembeck]] | colspan="2" |Eydie Faye |[[JoJo Siwa]]<br>Eydie Faye<br>Don Dunn<br>Syrinthia Studer |Gabriel Mann |JoJo Siwa Inc.<br>{{small|(distributed by [[Paramount+]])}} | rowspan="2" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[:en:A_Loud_House_Christmas|A Loud House Christmas]]''{{efn|name=L}} |November 26, 2021 |Jonathan Judge | colspan="2" |Liz Maccie |Todd Williams<br>Darlene Caamaño Loquet |Nick Urata |{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2022|8|5}} | colspan="2" |Andy Suriano<br>Ant Ward |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May |Vladimir Radev<br>{{small|(line producer)}} |[[Matt Mahaffey]] |{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Flying Bark Productions]]<br>Top Draw Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Blue's Big City Adventure]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2022|11|18}} |Matt Stawski | colspan="2" |Liz Maccie<br>[[Angela Santomero]] |[[Traci Paige Johnson]]<br>Angela Santomero |[[Alex Geringas]]<br>[[Anthony Green (musician)|Anthony Green]] |[[9 Story Media Group]]<br>[[Brown Bag Films]]<br>Line by Line Media<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Boxel Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasy Football (film)|Fantasy Football]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2022|11|25}} |Anton Cropper | colspan="2" |Zoe Marshall<br>Dan Gurewitch<br>David Young |[[LeBron James]]<br>Spencer Beighley<br>Jamal Henderson<br>[[Marsai Martin]]<br>Joshua Martin<br>Timothy Bourne |[[Kovas]] |Awesomeness Films<br>[[SpringHill Company]]<br>Genius Productions<br>[[NFL Films]]<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} | rowspan="6" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow Day (2022 film)|Snow Day]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2022|12|16}} |[[Michael Lembeck]] | colspan="2" |Samantha Martin<br>[[Chris Viscardi]] |Zack Olin<br>Shauna Phelena<br>Ronald Gilbert |Gabriel Mann |Muse Entertainment<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zoey 102]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|7|27}} |[[Nancy Hower]] | colspan="2" |Monica Sherer<br>Madeline Whitby |[[Shauna Phelan]]<br>Zack Olin |[[Roger Neill]] |Awesomeness Films<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Really Haunted Loud House]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|9|28}} |[[Jonathan Judge]] |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May<br>Tim Hobert |Jonathan Judge<br>Michael Rubiner<br>Don Dunn<br>Melanie Kirk |[[DeVotchKa|Nick Urata]] |{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monster High 2]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|10|5}} |[[Todd Holland]] | colspan="2" |Todd Holland<br>Matt Eddy<br>Billy Eddy |Todd Holland<br>Adam Bonnett<br>Frederic "Fred" Soulie<br>Philip "Phil" Breman<br>Shawn Williamson<br>David Magee<br>Emanuel Pereira |Sunna Wehrmeijer |[[Mattel Television]]<br>[[Brightlight Pictures]]<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Good Burger 2]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|11|22}} |[[Phil Traill]] | colspan="2" |[[Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert|Kevin Kopelow<br>Heath Seifert]] |[[Kenan Thompson]]<br>[[Kel Mitchell]] |[[Oak Felder]] |Awesomeness Films<br>Artists for Artists<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Baby Shark's Big Movie!]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2023|12|8}} |Alan Foreman | colspan="2"| Whitney Ralls |Eryk Casemiro |Jon Chau |[[Pinkfong]]<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Thundermans Return]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2024|3|7}} |Trevor Kirschner |Jed Spingarn<br>Sean W. Cunningham<br>Marc Dworkin |Jed Spingarn |Jed Spingarn<br>[[Kira Kosarin]]<br>[[Jack Griffo]]<br>Dan Cross<br>David Hoge<br>Zack Olin<br>[[Shauna Phelan]]<br>Chris Phillips |[[Caleb Chan]]<br>Brian Chan |Awesomeness Film<br>Cross Hoge Productions<br>Dworkingham Productions<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} | {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Casagrandes Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} | {{dts|2024|3|22}} | Miguel Puga | colspan="2" |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May<br>Lalo Alcaraz<br>Rosemary Contreras | Michael Rubiner |Marcelo Treviño |Mighty Studios<br>{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[Mighty Animation]]<br>[[Rough Draft Korea]]<br>Yeson Animation Studios<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[No Time to Spy|No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2024|6|21}} |[[Kyle Marshall]] | colspan="2" |Whitney Wetta<br>Jeffrey Sayers |Ian Murray<br><small>(line producer)</small> |Jonathan Hylander |{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2024|8|2}} |[[Liza Johnson]] |[[Kaz (cartoonist)|Kaz]] |Kaz<br>[[Tom Stern (filmmaker)|Tom Stern]] | Robert Engleman | Moniker | United Plankton Pictures<br>{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Sinking Ship Entertainment]]<br>Pipeline Studios<br>Spin VFX<br>ReDefine Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Henry Danger: The Movie]]{{efn|name=L}}'' |January 17, 2025 |[[Joe Menendez]] | colspan="2" |[[Jake Farrow]]<br>Christopher J. Nowak |Jace Norman<br>Jake Farrow<br>Ron French<br>Joe Menendez<br>Christopher J. Nowak |Paul Edward-Francis |Yes Yes Coffee<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} | {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Plankton: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=LA}} | {{dts|2025|3|7}} | David Needham |[[Mr. Lawrence]] |Kaz<br>Mr. Lawrence<br>[[Chris Viscardi]] | Nicholas Russell<br>{{small|(line producer)}} | Mahuia Bridgman-Cooper | United Plankton Pictures<br>{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} | Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Mikros Animation<br>ReDefine<br>Animation Yukfoo Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2025|7|2}} | Alberto Belli | colspan="2" | JT Billings | [[Kristin Burr]]<br>Benjamin Tappan<br>Carolina Arciniegas<br>Kenny Wood | Kenny Wood |Walsh Valdés Productions<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Loud House Christmas Movie: Naughty or Nice]]''{{efn|name=A}} |November 21, 2025 |Darin McGowan | colspan="2" |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May |April Lawrence<br>Michael Rubiner |Jonathan Hylander |{{efn|''A Loud House Christmas Movie: Naughty or Nice'' was distributed by Paramount+ internationally but aired as a television film on Nickelodeon in the United States|name=T}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Jam Filled Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[My Weird School (film)|My Weird School]]''{{efn|name=L}} |December 30, 2025 |[[Jonathan Judge]] | colspan="2" |Shauna Phelan |Brin Lukens |Brittany Cope |Quick to Judge<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}}{{Efn|Despite Paramount+ being credited as a distributor, they decided not to pick up the film after airing on Nickelodeon. As such, the film has only aired on the channel once and there's currently no way to watch it.}} |{{N/a}} |} === Upcoming films === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Release date !Director(s) ! colspan="2" |Writer(s) !Producer(s) !Composer(s) !Co-production with !Animation services |- !''[[Paw Patrol: The Dino Movie]]'' |August 14, 2026 |Cal Brunker | colspan="2" |<abbr>Cal Brunker And Bob Barlen</abbr> |Jennifer Dodge<br>Laura Clunie<br>Toni Stevens |Pinar Toprak |Spin Master Entertainment<br />Paramount Animation |Mikros Animation |- !''Avatar: Aang, The Last Airbender'' |October 9, 2026 |Lauren Montgomery | colspan="2" |<abbr>Bryan Konietzko, Micheal Dante DiMartino, Tim Hedrick And Kenneth Lin {{small|(Story)}}<hr>Tim Hedrick And Christopher Yost {{small|(Screenplay)}} |Bryan Konietzko<br>Michael DiMartino<br>Eric Coleman<br>Dagan Potter |Jeremy Zukerman |Avatar Studios |Flying Bark Productions<br>Studio MIR |- !''[[Wylde Pak: The Movie]]'' |October 23, 2026 |Paul Watling<br>Kyle Marshall | colspan="2" |Paul Watling<br>Kyle Marshall<br>Micheal McCullers<br>Pam Brady |Paul Watling<br>Kyle Marshall<br>Seonna Hong<br>Conrad Vernon<br>Greg Tiernan<br>Lisa Stewart |Kris Bowers<br>Heitor Piereia {{small|(Score)}}<hr>LIONCHLD, Feel Rights Creative {{small|(Themes And Songs)}} |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Jam Filled Entertainment<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>Bardel Entertainment<br>Yearim<br>Golden Wolf<br>Mercury Filmworks<br>Lighthouse Studios<br>Synergy Animation Studios |- !Untitled ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' sequel |August 13, 2027 |Jeff Rowe | colspan="2" |TBA |Seth Rogen<br>Evan Goldberg<br>James Weaver<br>Ramsay McBean<br>Josh Fagen |TBA |Point Grey Pictures |Mikros Animation |- !Untitled ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' new live-action film |November 17, 2028 | colspan="3" |TBA |Neal H. Mortiz<br>Toby Ascher |TBA |Original Film |N/a |- ! colspan="9" |In Development |- !Yo-Kai Samba | rowspan="3" |TBA | colspan="3" |Leo Matsuda |TBA |TBA |Paramount Animation |TBA |- !Untitled ''Rugrats'' new live-action film |Jason Moore | colspan="2" |Mikey Day & Streeter Seidell |TBA |TBA |Paramount Players Klasky Csupo |TBA |- !Untitled ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' sequel |TBA | colspan="2" |Adam Pava {{small|(screenplay)}} | colspan="2" |TBA |Paramount Animation |TBA |} == Short Films == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center" ! scope="col" width="15%" |Title ! scope="col" width="12%" data-sort-type="date" |Release date ! scope="col" width="10%" |Directed by !Co-production with ! scope="col" width="10%" |Animation services ! scope="col" width="10%" |Release with ! scope="col" width="10%" |Type Of Short !Note(s) |- ! scope="row" |''[[List of Hey Arnold! episodes#Pilot (1994)|Arnold]]'' |July 10, 1996 |Craig Bartlett |Paramount Pictures Snee-Oosh Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio [[Anivision]] |''Harriet the Spy'' | rowspan="3" |Theatrical release |Pilot For ''Hey Arnold!''. Greenlit as ''Hey Arnold!''. |- ! scope="row" |''[[Action League Now!|Rock-a-Big Baby]]'' |{{Start date|1997|07|25}} |Tim Hill |Paramount Pictures Chuckimation Flying Mallet, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio Chuckimation Flying Mallet, Inc. |''Good Burger'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[List of CatDog episodes#Season 2 (1999–2000)|Fetch]]'' |{{Start date|1998|11|20}} |Derek Drymon Larry Leichliter Robert Porter |Paramount Pictures Peter Hannan Productions |Nickelodeon Animation Studio [[Rough Draft Studios|Rough Draft Korea Co., Ltd.]] |''The Rugrats Movie'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Edwurd Fudwupper Fibbed Big]]'' |{{Start date|2000|11|11}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guest|date=2000-11-11|title=FUDWUPPER Short Screening At Storyopolis|url=https://www.awn.com/event/fudwupper-short-screening-storyopolis|access-date=2023-10-07|website=[[Animation World Network]]}}</ref> |[[Berkeley Breathed]] |Paramount Pictures |[[Threshold Entertainment|Threshold Digital Research Labs]] |''Rugrats in Paris: The Movie'' |Limited festival and theatrical release | |- !''The Mighty B!: Super Scout'' |September 8, 2006 |Cynthia True Amy Poehler |Paramount Pictures Frederator Incorporated Polka Dot Pictures Paper Kite Productions | rowspan="2" |Nickelodeon Animation Studio |''The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie'' | rowspan="6" |Theatrical release |Aired as part of ''Nicktoons Film Festival''. Pilot For ''The Mighty B!'' Greenlit as ''The Mighty B!''. |- !''Harold & Herbert'': ''Dumpster Diving'' |October 20, 2017 |Dan Krall |Paramount Pictures |''The Loud House: The First Movie'' |Released as part of Nickelodeon's 2017 animated shorts program. |- ! scope="row" |''[[Big Nate (TV series)#Shorts|Big Nate: Bad Hamster]]'' |{{Start date|2022|07|15}} |Colin Heck Jim Mortensen Kyle Neswald |Paramount Pictures John Cohen Productions |Xentrix Studio |''Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dora and the Fantastical Creatures]]'' |{{Start date|2023|09|29}} |William Mata |Paramount Pictures Walsh Valdés Productions |Nickelodeon Animation Studio Duncan Studio |''Paw Patrol: The Mighty Movie'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Order Up|SpongeBob SquarePants: Order Up]]'' |{{Start date|2025|7|18}} |Sean Charmatz |Paramount Pictures United Plankton Pictures |Nickelodeon Animation Studio Rough Draft Korea |''[[Smurfs (film)|Smurfs]]'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Chrome Alone 2 – Lost in New Jersey]]'' |December 19, 2025 |Kent Seki |Paramount Pictures Paramount Animation Point Grey Pictures |Mikros Animation |''The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants'' | |} ==History== In 1993, they wanted to release movies after ''Rugrats'' (planned for a fall 1994 release; Because In 1998, [[The Rugrats Movie]]), ''Doug'' (planned for a spring 1995 release; Because In 1999, Disney's [[Doug's 1st Movie]]) and ''Ren and Stimpy'' (planned for a summer 1995 release), but all of those got cancelled and scrapped, didn't make movies until 1996, with the first film was ''[[Harriet the Spy]]'' on July 10, 1996, Paramount first theatrically animated movie was ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' was released on November 20, 1998, it’s latest release was ''[[Good Burger 2]]'' on November 22, 2023; with their next release being ''Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie'' on 2024. ==Theatrical Films List == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |- !Title !Theatrical Release Date !Theatrical Short Film Released With !Production Company(s)/Animation Service(s) !Duration !Techinque !Note(s) !Budget !Gross |- |''[[Harriet the Spy (film)|Harriet the Spy]]'' | align="right" |July 10, 1996 |Hey Arnold!'': Arnold'' (Pilot) |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Rastar]] |102 | rowspan="2" |Live Action | |$13 million |$26,570,048 |- |''[[Good Burger]]'' |align="right"|July 25, 1997 |''Rock-A-Big Baby'' |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Tollin/Robbins Productions]] |95 | |$9 million |$23,712,993 |- |''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' |align="right"|November 20, 1998 |CatDog'': Fetch'' |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Klasky Csupo]] / Grimsaem / Sunwoo Entertainment / Stardust Pictures |80 |Traditional Animation |First non-Disney animated film to gross over $100,000,000 at the box office. |$24 million |$140,894,675 |- |''[[Snow Day (film)|Snow Day]]'' |align="right"|February 11, 2000 |N/A |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[C.O.R.E. Digital Pictures]] |89 |Live Action | |$13 million |$62,464,731 |- |''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]'' |align="right"|November 17, 2000 |''Edwurd Fudwupper Fibbed Big'' (select theatres only) |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Klasky Csupo]] / Grimsaem / Sunwoo Entertainment / Rhythm & Hues Studios |78 | rowspan="2" |Traditional Animation | |$30 million |$103,291,131 |- |''[[Blazing Dragons: The Movie (2001 film)|Blazing Dragons: The Movie]]'' | align="right" |November 9, 2001 | rowspan="12" |N/A |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] (United States Distribution Only)/ [[Nelvana]] / [[Ellipsanime|Ellipse Animation]] / Alliance Atlantis Releasing, Ltd. (Canadian Distribution Only) / Gaumont (France Distribution Only) / Entertainment Film Distributors (United Kingdom Distribution Only) / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Yeson Entertainment / Stardust Pictures / Heart Of Texas Productions / Character Builders / Spaff Animation / Hanho Heung-Up Inc. / Studios Animage / Lestudio Elipse |79 | |$35 million |$105.8 million |- |''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (film)|Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' | align="right" |December 21, 2001 |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[O Entertainment]] / [[DNA Productions]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |83 |CGI Animation |Nominated for Best Animated Feature |$30 million |$102,992,536 |- |''[[Clockstoppers]]'' |align="right"|March 29, 2002 |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Valhalla Motion Pictures]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |90 |Live Action | |$26 million |$38,793,283 |- |''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]'' |align="right"|June 28, 2002 |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Snee-Oosh, Inc.|Snee-Oosh]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Saerom Animation]] (overseas animation production by) |76 | rowspan="3" |Traditional Animation | |$3–4 million |$15,249,308 |- |''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'' |align="right"|December 20, 2002 |rowspan=2|[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Klasky Csupo]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Sunwoo Entertainment]] (animation production by) |85 | |$35 million |$60,694,737 |- |''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]'' |align="right"|June 13, 2003 |81 | |$25 million |$55,405,466 |- |''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' |align="right"|November 19, 2004 |Paramount / [[United Plankton Pictures]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Rough Draft Korea|Rough Draft Korea Co., Ltd.]] (overseas animation production by) / Tony Gardener, Inc. / Warner Bros. Animation |87 |Traditional Animation/Live Action | |$30 million |$140,161,792 |- |''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' |align="right"|December 17, 2004 |[[DreamWorks]] (International) / Paramount (US) / Parkes/MacDonald Productions |108 | rowspan="4" |Live Action | |$142 million |$209,073,645 |- |''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]'' (distribution only) |align="right"|May 13, 2005 |[[Paramount Classics]] / [[Warner Bros.]] (Europe only) / [[Pathé]] (Europe only) / Just One Productions |106 | | |$8,117,961 |- |''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (2005 movie)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]'' |align="right"|November 23, 2005 |Paramount (US) / [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] / [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] (International) / Robert Simonds Company |88 | |$45 million |$72,028,752 |- |''[[Nacho Libre]]'' |align="right"|June 16, 2006 |Paramount / Black & White Productions / HH Films |92 | |$35 million |$99,255,460 |- |''[[Barnyard (film)|Barnyard]]'' | align="right" |August 4, 2006 |Paramount / O Entertainment / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |90 |CGI Animation | |$52 million |$108,000,000 |- |''The Fairly OddParents: The Movie'' | align="right" |September 8, 2006 |The Mighty B!'': Super Scout'' |Paramount (United States Distribution Only) / [[Frederator Studios|Frederator Incorporated]] /Motion Picture Distribution LP (Canadian Distribution only) / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Nelvana]] / [[Yeson Entertainment|Yeson Animation Studios]] (overseas animation production by) / [[:en:Rhythm_&_Hues_Studios|Rhythm & Hues Studios]] |85 |Traditional Animation | |$40 million | |- |''[[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]]'' | align="right" |December 15, 2006 | rowspan="16" |N/A |Paramount / [[Walden Media]] / [[Jordan Kerner|The K Entertainment Company]] / Rising Sun Pictures / Tippett Studio / Rhythm & Hues Studios / Digital Diemension / Reel FX Inc. / Digital Studios Ilouria / Fuel International / Illusion Arts, Inc. |97 |Live Action/CGI | |$85 million |$144,877,632 |- |''Danny Phantom: The Movie'' | align="right" |May 11, 2007 |Paramount / Billionfond, Inc. / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / [[Yeson Entertainment|Yeson Animation Studios]] (overseas animation production by) |93 |Traditional Animation | |$25 million | |- |''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)|The Spiderwick Chronicles]]'' |align="right"|February 14, 2008 |Paramount / [[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]] / Industrial Light And Magic / Tippett Studio |96 | rowspan="2" |Live Action/CGI | |$90 million |$162,899,667 |- |''[[Hotel for Dogs (film)|Hotel for Dogs]]'' |align="right"|January 16, 2009 |DreamWorks (under Paramount Pictures) / Cold Spring Pictures / Donners' Company / Montecito Picture Company / Sony Pictures Imageworks |100 | |$75 million |$117,000,198 |- |''[[Imagine That (film)|Imagine That]]'' |align="right"|June 12, 2009 |Paramount / [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura|di Bonaventura Pictures]] / Goldcrest Pictures |107 |Live Action | |$55 million |$22,985,194 |- |''[[The Last Airbender]]'' |align="right"|July 1, 2010 |Paramount / [[Blinding Edge Pictures]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / The Kennedy/Marshall Company / Industrial Light And Magic |103 |Live Action/CGI | |$150 million |$319,713,881 |- |''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]'' |align="right"|March 4, 2011 |Paramount / [[Graham King|GK Films]] / [[Gore Verbinski|Blind Wink]] / [[Industrial Light and Magic]] |107 | rowspan="2" |CGI Animation | |$135 million |$245,375,374 |- |''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' | align="right" |December 21, 2011 |Paramount (US) / [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] (International) / [[DreamWorks]] / [[Amblin Entertainment]] / The Kennedy/Marshall Company / [[WingNut Films]] / Weta FX |107 | |$135 million |$373,993,951 |- |''[[Fun Size]]'' | align="right" |October 26, 2012 |Paramount / [[Steve Golin|Anonymous Content]] / [[Fake Empire Productions]] |90 |Live Action | |$14 million |$10,911,519 |- |''A Fairy Odd Movie: Timmy Has A Kid'' |May 24, 2013 |Paramount / Frederator Studios / Billionfond, Inc. / Pacific Bay Entertainment / Oasis Animation / Prana Studios |88 |Live Action / CGI | |$68 million | |- |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' |August 8, 2014 |Paramount / Platinum Dunes / Gama Entertainment / Mednick Productions / Heavy Metal / Industrial Light And Magic |101 |Live Action | |$139 million |$27,853,875 |- |''[[The Spongebob Movie: Sponge out the Water]]'' |February 6, 2015 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / United Plankton Pictures / Rough Draft Studios, Korea / Ilouria VFX |92 |Traditional Animation/Live Action/CGI Animation | |$146 million |$132,764,963 |- |''BreadWinners: The Movie'' |April 17, 2015 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / Titmouse Inc. |95 |Flash Animation/Traditional Animation | |$35 millon | |- |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' |June 3, 2016 |Paramount / Platinum Dunes / China Movie Media Group / Gama Entertainment / Mednick Productions / Smithrowe Entertainment / Alibaba Pictures / Industrial Light And Magic |112 | rowspan="2" |Live Action/CGI | |$142 million |$142,864,863 |- |''[[Monsters Trucks]]'' |January 13, 2017 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Disruption Entertainment / Moving Picture Company / Lola Visual Effects / Prime Focus |105 | |$136 million |$179,974,963 |- |''T.U.F.F. Puppy: The Movie'' |September 14, 2017 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Billionfold, Inc. / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Yeson Entertainment |82 |Traditional Animation | |$119 million | |- |''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |October 20, 2017 |Harold & Herbert: ''Dumpster Diving'' |Paramount / Paramount Animation / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Jam Filled Entertainment (animation services) / Top Draw Animation / Digital eMation / Mercury Filmworks / Bardel Entertainment / Snipple Animation Studios / Yeson Animation Studios |95 |Toon Boom Harmony | |$30 million |$32,018,216 |- |''Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie'' |September 7, 2018 | rowspan="8" |N/A |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Billionfold, Inc. / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Yeson Entertainment |83 |Flash Animation | |$50 million |$131,962,915 |- |''[[Wonder Park]]'' |March 15, 2019 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Ilion Animation Studios / Sunswept Entertainment / Midnight Radio Productions |85 |CGI Animation | |$96 million |$145,974,975 |- |''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]'' |August 9, 2019 |Paramount / Paramount Players / Walden Media / Media Rights Capital / Burr! Productions / The Mill / Moving Picture Company / Blink Industries |102 |Live Action/CGI | |$84 million |$135,976,983 |- |''[[Playing with Fire]]'' |November 8, 2019 |Paramount / Paramount Players / Walden Media / Broken Road Productions |96 |Live Action | |$96 million |$178,987,975 |- |''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]'' |August 14, 2020 |Paramount / [[Paramount+]] / Paramount Animation / United Plankton Pictures / Media Rights Capital / Mikros Image |91 |CGI Animation/Live Action | |$145 million |$138,975,974 |- |''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie'' |October 23, 2020 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / Jam Filled Entertainment (animation services) Bardel Entertainment / Yeson Animation Studios / Digital eMation / Big Jump Entertainment / Nørlum / Synergy Animation Studios |90 |Toon Boom Harmony | |$80 million | |- |''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |August 20, 2021 |Paramount / Spin Master Entertainment / Mikros Image / Elevation Pictures |86 |CGI Animation | |$132 million |$135,763,974 |- |''The Fairy Oddparents: The Fairy-Odder Movie'' |May 13, 2022 |Paramount / Paramount Players / Billionfond, Inc. / Walden Media / Line By Line Media / Digital Domain / Weta FX / DNEG / Boxel Animation / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / Yeson Entertainment |107 |Live Action/CGI | |$40 million | |- |''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |July 15, 2022 |Big Nate'': Bad Hamster'' |Paramount / Aniventure / Align / Brooksfilms / Flying Tigers Entertainment / Platige Image / GFM Animation / HB Wink Animation / Cinesite |98 |CGI Animation | |$71 million |$136,974,852 |- |''The Really Loud House: The First Movie'' |March 17, 2023 | rowspan="2" |N/A |Paramount / Paramount Players / 93rd Street Productions / Walden Media / Quick To Judge / Moving Picture Company / Industrial Light & Magic / Rodeo FX |115 |Live Action/CGI | |$105 million | |- |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' |August 2, 2023 |Paramount / Point Grey Pictures / Mikros Animation / Cinesite |99 |CGI Animation/Traditional Animation/ Live Action (2 Film Footages: ''Ferris Bueller's Day Off'' and ''Snake Fist Fighter'' Only) | |$137 million |$130,643,962 |- |''[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]'' |September 29, 2023 |Dora The Explorer'': Dora and the Fantastical Creatures'' |Paramount (United States Only) / Spin Master Entertainment / Elevation Pictures (Canada only) / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Mikros Animation |87 |CGI Animation | |$142 million |$140,964,852 |} == MPAA Rating/TV Parental Rating == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ ! scope="col" width="15%" |Film ! scope="col" width="12%" |MPAA rating/TV Parental Rating ! scope="col" width="10%" |Reason (MPAA only except rated G) |- ! scope="row" |''[[Harriet the Spy (film)|Harriet the Spy]]'' | rowspan="2" |PG |Mild language and some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[Good Burger]]'' |Language, some comic violence, and mild sex-related humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' |G |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |[[Snow Day (2000 film)|''Snow Day'' (2000)]] |PG |Brief mild peril and language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]'' | rowspan="3" |G | rowspan="3" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''Blazing Dragons: The Movie'' |- ! scope="row" |''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' |- ! scope="row" |''[[Clockstoppers]]'' | rowspan="11" |PG |Action violence and mild language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]'' |Some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'' |Some adventure peril |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]'' | rowspan="2" |Mild crude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' |- ! scope="row" |''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' |Thematic elements, scary situations and brief language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]'' |Some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[Yours, Mine & Ours (2005 film)|Yours, Mine & Ours]]'' |Mild crude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Nacho Libre]]'' |Some rough action, and crude humor including dialogue |- ! scope="row" |''[[Barnyard (film)|Barnyard]]'' |Some mild peril and rude humor |- ! scope="row" | ''The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie'' |Mild Crude Humor |- ! scope="row" |[[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|''Charlotte's Web'' (2006)]] |G |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)|The Spiderwick Chronicles]]'' |PG |Scary creature action and violence, peril, and some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging]]'' |PG-13 |Suggestive content involving young teens, and language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Hotel for Dogs (film)|Hotel for Dogs]]'' | rowspan="5" |PG |Brief mild thematic elements, language, and some crude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Imagine That (film)|Imagine That]]'' |Some mild language and brief questionable behavior |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Last Airbender (2010 film)|The Last Airbender]]'' |Fantasy action violence |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]'' |Rude humor, language, action, and smoking |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' |Adventure action violence, some drunkenness, and brief smoking |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fun Size]]'' | rowspan="2" |PG-13 |Crude and suggestive material, partying, and language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' |Sci-fi action violence |- ! scope="row" |''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]'' |PG |Mild action and rude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' |PG-13 |Sci-fi action violence |- ! scope="row" |''[[Monster Trucks (film)|Monster Trucks]]'' | rowspan="8" |PG |Action, peril, brief scary images, and some rude humor |- ! scope="row" | ''T. U. F. F. Puppy: The Movie'' |Rude Humor, Language and brief smoking |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |Mild action/peril |- ! scope="row" | ''Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie'' |Mild Humor, Some suggestive material and some thematic events |- ! scope="row" |''[[Wonder Park]]'' |Some mild thematic elements and action |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]'' |Action and some impolite humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Playing with Fire (2019 film)|Playing with Fire]]'' |Rude humor, some suggestive material, and mild peril |- ! scope="row" |''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]'' |Rude humor, some thematic elements, and mild language |- ! scope="row" |''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |G | rowspan="3" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Loud House Movie]]'' |TV-Y7 |- ! scope="row" |''[[The J Team]]'' |TV-G |- ! scope="row" |''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |PG |Action, violence, rude and suggestive humor, and some language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Movie]]'' |TV-Y7 | rowspan="4" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[Blue's Big City Adventure]]'' |TV-Y |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fantasy Football (film)|Fantasy Football]]'' |TV-PG |- ! scope="row" |''[[Zoey 102]]'' |TV-14 |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' | rowspan="2" |PG |Sequences of violence and action, language and impolite material |- ! scope="row" |''[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]'' |Mild action/peril |- ! scope="row" |''[[Good Burger 2]]'' |TV-PG |{{N/A}} |} == Franchises == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Titles ! Films ! Shorts ! Seasons ! Release dates !Co-production |- | ''[[:en:Rugrats_(film_series)|Rugrats]]'' | 3 | 0 | 11 | 1991-present |Paramount Pictures (Films) And Klasky Csupo |- | ''Blazing Dragons'' | rowspan="2" | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1996–2001 |Nelvana, Elipse Animation And Carlton Television (TV Series) |- |''Hey Arnold!'' |1 |5 |1996-2004 |Snee-Oosh Inc. |- |''Good Burger'' |2 |0 |0 |1997-present |Tollin/Robins Productiins (1st One), Paramount Pictures (1st One), Paramount+ (sequel), Awesomeness Films (Sequel) And Artists by Artists (Sequel) |- | ''[[:en:SpongeBob_SquarePants_(film_series)|Spongebob Squarepants]]'' | 6 |1 | 16 | 1999-present |United Plankton Pictures, MRC (2020-), Paramount Animation (2015-), Netflix (Direct-To-Streaming Films) And Paramount+ (3rd Spongebob Film (2020) |- |''Snow Day'' |2 | rowspan="4" |0 |0 |2000-present |C. O. R. E. Digital Pictures (1st One), Paramount+ (Sequel) And Muse Entertainment (Sequel) |- |''The Fairy Oddparents'' |4 |11 |2001-present |Fredeator Studios, Billionfond Inc. (Sequel), Nelvana (Canadian Production Company Only), Paramount Animation (Sequel), Paramount Players (Live Action Sequel), Elevation Pictures (Canada, 2025) And Motion Picture Distribution LP (Canada, 2006) |- |''Danny Phantom'' | rowspan="2" |1 | rowspan="2" |3 |2004-2007 |Billionfond, Inc. |- |''T. U. F. F. Puppy'' |2010-2015; 2017 |Paramount Animation (film) And Billionfond, Inc. |- |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |4 |1 |8 |2012-present |Platinum Dunes (Theatrical Live Action Films, 2014-2016), Point Grey Pictures (Theatrical Animated Films, 2023-) And Netflix (Direct-To-Streaming Film; 2022) |- |''Paw Patrol'' |2 | rowspan="3" |0 |16 |2013-present |Spin Master Entertainment |- | ''The Loud House''{{efn|Nickelodeon Movies was involved with both The first film: ''The Loud House: The First Movie'' And its sequel: ''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie'' And its Live action remake: ''The Really Loud House: The First Movie'', with A Direct-to-streaming films now being distributed by [[Paramount+]] (TV Specials) And [[Netflix]] (The Loud House Movie And The Casagrandes Movie), replacing [[Paramount Pictures]] as distributor.}} | 9 | 17 | 2016–present |Paramount Animation (Theatrical Films), Paramount Players (Live Action Remake), Walden Media (Live Action Remake), Quick To Judge (Live-Action Remake and TV Series), 93rd Street Productions (Live Action Remake And TV Series), Netflix (Direct-To-Streaming Films) And Paramount+ (Television Films) |- |''Bunsen Is A Beast'' |1 |1 |2017-2018 |Billionfond, Inc. And Paramount Animation (Theatrical Film) |} ==Other websites== *[http://www.nickelodeonmovies.com/ Nickelodeon Movies website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105032502/http://www.nickelodeonmovies.com/ |date=2006-11-05 }} *[http://www.nick.com/shows/movies/movies_index.jhtml Nickelodeon Movies at Nick.com] *{{imdb company|id=0004265|company=Nickelodeon Movies}} ==Notes== {{Notelist}} {{Nickelodeon Movies}} {{Film studios}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles]] [[Category:1995 establishments in California]] [[Category:Paramount Pictures]] 6qfx9cadukpcj77fsmhwza2oyx277c1 10882528 10882526 2026-06-09T19:01:38Z Mylesnick 1819252 10882528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the early 20th century movie theater|Nickelodeon movie theater}} {{Infobox Company | company_name = Nickelodeon Movies | logo = Nickelodeon Movies 2020.svg | logo_caption = Logo used since 2020 | caption = | company_type = Production arm of [[Nickelodeon (TV channel)|Nickelodeon]] | owner = [[Paramount Global]] | parent = [[Paramount Pictures]] | foundation = February 25, 1995 | location_city = [[Los Angeles, California]] | location_country = [[United States]] | industry = [[Motion pictures]] | homepage = {{URL|http://web.archive.org/web/20061105032502/http://www.nickelodeonmovies.com/|www.nickelodeonmovies.com}} }} '''Nickelodeon Movies''' is the [[motion picture]] production arm of family cable channel [[Nickelodeon]], originally launched on February 25, 1995. == Released Films == {{timeline of release years |1996=''[[Harriet The Spy]]'' |1997=''[[Good Burger]]'' |1998=''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' |2000a=''[[Snow Day]]'' |2000b=''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]'' |2001a=''Blazing Dragons: The Movie'' |2001b=''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' |2002a=''[[Clockstoppers]]'' |2002b=''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]'' |2002c=''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'' |2003=''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]'' |2004a=''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' |2004b=''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' |2005a=''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]'' |2005b=''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (2005 movie)|Yours, Mine & Ours]]'' |2006a=''[[Nacho Libre]]'' |2006b=''[[Barnyard (movie)|Barnyard]]'' |2006c=''The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie'' |2006d=''[[Charlotte's Web (1973 movie)|Charlotte’s Web]]'' |2007=''Danny Phantom: The Movie'' |2008a=''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles]]'' |2008b=''[[Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging]]'' |2009a=''[[Hotel for Dogs]]'' |2009b=''[[Imagine That]]'' |2010=''[[The Last Airbender]]'' |2011a=''[[Rango (2011 movie)|Rango]]'' |2011b=''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'' |2012=''[[Fun Size]]'' |2013=''A Fairy Odd Movie: Timmy Has A Kid'' |2014=''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' |2015a=''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water|The SpongeBob Movie 2: Sponge Out of Water]]'' |2015b=''Breadwinners: The Movie'' |2016=''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' |2017a=''[[Monster Trucks]]'' |2017b=''Harvey Beaks: The Movie'' |2017c=''T. U. F. F. Puppy: The Movie'' |2017d=''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |2018=''Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie'' |2019a=''[[Wonder Park]]'' |2019b=''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]'' |2019c=''[[Playing with Fire]]'' |2020=''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie'' |2021a=''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run|The SpongeBob Movie 3: Sponge on the Run]]'' |2021b=''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |2021c=''[[The Loud House Movie]]'' |2021d=''[[The A-Team|The J Team]]'' |2021e=''A Loud House Christmas'' |2022a=''The Fairy Oddparents: The Fairy-Odder Movie'' |2022b=''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |2022c=''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Movie]]'' |2022d=''[[Monster High: The Movie]]'' |2022e=''[[Blue's Big City Adventure]]'' |2022f=''[[Fantasy football|Fantasy Football]]'' |2022g=''[[Snow Day (2022 movie)|Snow Day]]'' |2023a=''[[The Really Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |2023b=''[[Zoey 102]]'' |2023c=''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' |2023d=''[[A Really Haunted Loud House]]'' |2023e=[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]] |2023f=[[Monster High 2]] |2023g=Under the Boardwalk |2023h=''[[Good Burger 2]]'' |2023i=[[Baby Shark's Big Movie]] |2024a=[[The Thundermans Return]] |2024b=[[The Casagrandes Movie]] |2024c=[[No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie]] |2024d=[[Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie]] |2025a=[[Henry Danger: The Movie]] |2025b=Plankton: The Movie |2025c=''The Fairy Oddparents: A New Wish Movie'' |2025d=Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado |2025e=''[[Smurfs (film)|Smurfs]]'' |2025f=A Loud House Christmas: Naughty or Nice |2025g=[[The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants|The SpongeBob Movie 4: Search for SquarePants]] |2025h=[[My Weird School]] |2026a=''[[Paw Patrol: The Dino Movie]]'' |2026b=''Avatar Aang: The Last Airbender'' |2026c=''Wylde Pak: The Movie'' |2027=Untitled ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem'' Sequel |2028=Untitled ''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' Live Action film }} ===Theatrical films=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="12%" | Release date ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Director(s) ! colspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Writer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Producer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Composer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Co-production with ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Animation services |- ! width="10%" | Story ! width="10%" | Screenplay |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Harriet the Spy (film)|Harriet the Spy]]''{{efn|Live-action film|name=L}} |{{dts|1996|7|10}} |[[Bronwen Hughes]] |[[Greg Taylor (author)|Greg Taylor]]<br>[[Julie Talen]] |[[Douglas Petrie]]<br>[[Theresa Rebeck]] |Mary Kay Powell<br>Nava Levin |[[Jamshied Sharifi]] |[[Ray Stark|Rastar]] | rowspan="2" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Good Burger]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|1997|7|25}} |[[Brian Robbins]] | colspan="2" |[[Dan Schneider (TV producer)|Dan Schneider]]<br>[[Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert|Kevin Kopelow]]<br>[[Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert|Heath Seifert]] |[[Mike Tollin]]<br>Brian Robbins |[[Stewart Copeland]] |[[Tollin/Robbins Productions]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} |{{dts|1998|11|20}} |Norton Virgien<br>[[Igor Kovalyov]] | colspan="2" |[[David N. Weiss]]<br>J. David Stem |[[Arlene Klasky]]<br>[[Gábor Csupó]] |[[Mark Mothersbaugh]] |[[Klasky Csupo]] |Klasky Csupo<br>[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>[[Grimsaem]]<br>[[Sunwoo Entertainment]]<br>Stardust Pictures |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow Day (2000 film)|Snow Day]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2000|2|11}} |[[Chris Koch (director)|Chris Koch]] | colspan="2" |[[Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi|Will McRobb<br>Chris Viscardi]] |[[Albie Hecht]]<br>Julia Pistor |[[Steve Bartek]] |[[C.O.R.E.]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2000|11|17}} |Stig Bergqvist<br>Paul Demeyer | colspan="2" |J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss<br>Jill Gorey<br>Barbara Herndon<br>[[Kate Boutilier]] |Arlene Klasky<br>Gábor Csupó |Mark Mothersbaugh |Klasky Csupo |Klasky Csupo<br>Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Grimsaem<br>Sunwoo Entertainment<br>[[Rhythm & Hues Studios]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Blazing Dragons: The Movie (2001 film)|Blazing Dragons: The Movie]]''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2001|11|9}}{{efn|Blazing Dragons: The Movie Was Distributed By Alliance Atlantis Releasing, Ltd. In Canada, Gaumont In France, Entertainment Film Distributors In The United Kingdom And Paramount Pictures In The United States And It Was Released Theatrically In France, United Kingdom, Canada And The United States}} |Lawrence Jacobs<br/>[[Butch Hartman]] | colspan="2" |Dale Schott<br />Ben Joseph<br />Hugh Duffy |Stéphane Bernasconi<br/>[[Michael Hirsh]]<br/>[[Terry Jones]]<br/>Patrick Loubert<br/>Robert Réa<br/>[[Clive A. Smith]]<br/>Julia Pistor |John Powell<br>Gavin Greenaway<br>Harry Gregson-Williams<br>{{small|(score)}}<hr>Amin Batha<br>{{small|(themes)}}{{efn|Additional Music By Steve Jablonsky, Klaus Badelt And Geoff Zaneli}} |[[Nelvana]]<br>[[Ellipse Animation]]<br>[[:en:Gaumont|Gaumont]]<br>{{small|(France distribution only)}}<br>Alliance Alantis Releasing, ltd.<br>{{small|(Canadian distribution only)}}<br>Entertainment Film Distributors<br>{{small|(Untied Kingdom distribution only)}} |Nelvana<br>Ellipse Animation<br>[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>Heart Of Texas Productions<br>Stardust Pictures<br>Spaff Animation<br>Character Builders<br>[[Hanho Heung-Up|Hanho Heung-Up Co., Ltd.]]<br>Studios Animage<br>[[Ellipsanime|Le Studio Ellipse]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2001|12|21}} |[[John A. Davis]] |John A. Davis<br>[[Steve Oedekerk]] |John A. Davis<br>J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss<br>Steve Oedekerk |Steve Oedekerk<br>John A. Davis<br>Albie Hecht |[[John Debney]] |[[Steve Oedekerk#O Entertainment|O Entertainment]]<br>[[DNA Productions]] |Nickelodeon Animtion Studio<br>DNA Productions |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Clockstoppers]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2002|3|29}} |[[Jonathan Frakes]] |Rob Hedden<br>Andy Hedden<br>J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss |Rob Hedden<br>J. David Stem<br>David N. Weiss |[[Gale Anne Hurd]]<br>Julia Pistor |Jamshied Sharifi |[[Valhalla Entertainment|Valhalla Motion Pictures]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2002|6|28}} |[[Tuck Tucker]] | colspan="2" |[[Craig Bartlett]]<br>[[Steve Viksten]] |Craig Bartlett<br>Albie Hecht |[[Jim Lang (composer)|Jim Lang]] |[[Craig Bartlett|Snee-Oosh, Inc.]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Foundas |first=Scott |date=2002-05-13 |title=Hey Arnold! The Movie |url=https://variety.com/2002/film/features/hey-arnold-the-movie-1200549732/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<ref name=":0" /><br>[[Saerom Animation]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2002|12|20}} |Cathy Malkasian<br>Jeff McGrath | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Kate Boutilier | rowspan="2" |Arlene Klasky<br>Gábor Csupó |[[Drew Neumann]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detail View of Movies Page |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/62639-THE-WILDTHORNBERRYSMOVIE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519055945/https://catalog.afi.com/Film/62639-THE-WILDTHORNBERRYSMOVIE |archive-date=2021-05-19 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=AFI.com}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |Klasky Csupo | rowspan="2" |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Klasky Csupo<br>Sunwoo Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2003|6|13}} |Norton Virgien<br>John Eng |Mark Mothersbaugh |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]''{{efn|Live-action/animated film|name=LA}} |{{dts|2004|11|19}} | colspan="2" | [[Stephen Hillenburg]] |[[Derek Drymon]]<br>[[Tim Hill (director)|Tim Hill]]<br>Stephen Hillenburg<br>[[Kent Osborne]]<br>[[Aaron Springer]]<br>[[Paul Tibbitt]] |Stephen Hillenburg<br>Julia Pistor |Gregor Narholz |[[Stephen Hillenburg#Other pursuits|United Plankton Pictures]] |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Rough Draft Studios|Rough Draft Studios, Korea]]<br>Tony Gardener, Inc.<br>Warner Bros. Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2004|12|17}} |[[Brad Silberling]] | colspan="2" |[[Robert Gordon (screenwriter)|Robert Gordon]] |[[Laurie MacDonald]]<br>[[Walter F. Parkes]]<br>Jim Van Wyck |[[Thomas Newman]] |[[DreamWorks Pictures]] {{small|(international)}}<br>Parkes/MacDonald Productions | rowspan="4" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]''{{efn|name=L}}{{efn|Not produced by Nickelodeon Movies, but released under their label.|name=R}} |{{dts|2005|5|13}} |[[Marilyn Agrelo]] | colspan="2" |[[Amy Sewell]] |Marilyn Agrelo<br>[[Amy Sewell]]<br>Brian David<br>Cange Wilder Knight II |Joseph Baker<br>[[Steven Lutvak]] |[[Paramount Classics]]<br>Just One Productions |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Yours, Mine & Ours (2005 film)|Yours, Mine & Ours]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2005|11|23}} |[[Raja Gosnell]] | colspan="2" |[[Ron Burch]]<br>David Kidd |[[Robert Simonds]]<br>Michael G. Nathanson |[[Christophe Beck]] |[[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]<br>[[Columbia Pictures]]<br>[[Robert Simonds|Robert Simonds Company]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Nacho Libre]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2006|6|16}} |[[Jared and Jerusha Hess|Jared Hess]] | colspan="2" |Jared Hess<br>[[Jared and Jerusha Hess|Jerusha Hess]]<br>[[Mike White (filmmaker)|Mike White]] |Mike White<br>[[Jack Black]]<br>Julia Pistor<br>[[David Klawans]] |[[Danny Elfman]] |[[Jared and Jerusha Hess|HH Films]]<br>Black & White Productions |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Barnyard (film)|Barnyard]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2006|8|4}} | colspan="3" |[[Steve Oedekerk]] |Steve Oedekerk<br>Paul Marshal |John Debney |O Entertainment |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>[[Steve Oedekerk#Omation Animation Studio|Omation Animation Studio]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2006|9|8}}<br>{{efn|The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie Was Theatrically Released In The Unites States And Canadian Theatres. It Was later distributed by Motion Picture Distribution LP In Canada. and then Distributed by [[Paramount Pictures]] In The United States.}} | colspan="2" |Butch Hartman |Butch Hartman<br>Kirk DeMicco |Butch Harman<br>Kirk DeMicco<br>Fred Seibert<br>Bob Boyle<br>Steve Marmell<br>Randy Saba<br>Julia Pistor |Hans Zimmer<br>John Powell<br>{{small|(score)}}{{efn|Replaced Harry Gregson-Williams}}<hr>Daran Norris<br>Susanne Blakeslee<br>{{small|(songs)}}{{efn|Additional Music By Heitor Piereia, Geoff Zanelli And Gavin Greenaway}} |[[Frederator Studios]]<br>[[Nelvana]]<br>[[:en:Alliance_Atlantis|Motion Picture Distribution LP]]<br>{{small|(canadian distributor only)}} |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>Yeson Animation Studios<br>[[:en:Rhythm_&_Hues_Studios|Rhythm & Hues Studios]]<br>Nelvana |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2006|12|15}} |[[Gary Winick]] | colspan="2" |[[Susannah Grant]]<br>[[Karey Kirkpatrick]] |[[Jordan Kerner]] |Danny Elfman |[[Jordan Kerner|The Kerner Entertainment Company]]<br>[[Walden Media]] |Rising Sun Pictures<br>[[Tippett Studio]]<br>Rhythm & Hues Studios<br>Fuel International<br>[[Method Studios|Digital Studios Iloura]]<br>Illusion Arts, Inc.<br>Digital Dimension<br>[[Reel FX Animation|Reel FX, Inc.]] |- ! scope="row" | ''Danny Phantom: The Movie''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2007|05|11}} |Butch Hartman | colspan="2" |Butch Hartman<br>Steve Marmell |Butch Hartman<br>George Goodchild<br>Steve Marmell |Harry Gregson-Williams{{efn|Additional Music By Steve Jablonsky And Klaus Badelt}} |Billionfond, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Yeson Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)|The Spiderwick Chronicles]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2008|2|14}} |[[Mark Waters (director)|Mark Waters]] | colspan="2" |Karey Kirkpatrick<br>David Berenbaum<br>[[John Sayles]] |[[Mark Canton]]<br>[[Larry Franco]]<br>[[Ellen Goldsmith-Vein]]<br>Karey Kirkpatrick |[[James Horner]] |[[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]]<br>Atmosphere Pictures |[[Industrial Light & Magic]]<br>Tippett Studio |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2008|7|25}} |[[Gurinder Chadha]] | colspan="2" |Gurinder Chadha<br>[[Paul Mayeda Berges]]<br>[[Will McRobb]]<br>[[Chris Viscardi]] |Gurinder Chadha<br>[[Lynda Obst]] |[[Joby Talbot]] |Goldcrest Pictures |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Hotel for Dogs (film)|Hotel for Dogs]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2009|1|16}} |[[Thor Freudenthal]] | colspan="2" |Jeff Lowell<br>[[Mark McCorkle]]<br>[[Bob Schooley]] |[[Lauren Shuler Donner]]<br>Ewan Leslie<br>Jonathan Gordon<br>Jason Clark |John Debney |DreamWorks Pictures<br>Cold Spring Pictures<br>[[The Montecito Picture Company]]<br>[[The Donners' Company]] |[[Sony Pictures Imageworks]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Imagine That (film)|Imagine That]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2009|6|12}} |[[Karey Kirkpatrick]] | colspan="2" |[[Ed Solomon]]<br>[[Chris Matheson (screenwriter)|Chris Matheson]] |[[Lorenzo di Bonaventura]]<br>[[Ed Solomon]] |[[Mark Mancina]] |[[Di Bonaventura Pictures]]<br>[[Goldcrest Films|Goldcrest Pictures]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Last Airbender (film)|The Last Airbender]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2010|7|1}} | colspan="3" |[[M. Night Shyamalan]] |M. Night Shyamalan<br>[[Sam Mercer]]<br>[[Frank Marshall (producer)|Frank Marshall]] |[[James Newton Howard]] |[[Blinding Edge Pictures]]<br>The Kennedy/Marshall Company | rowspan="2" |Industrial Light & Magic |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2011|3|4}} |[[Gore Verbinski]] |[[John Logan (writer)|John Logan]]<br>Gore Verbinski<br>[[James Ward Byrkit]] |John Logan |Gore Verbinski<br>[[Graham King]]<br>John B. Carls |[[Hans Zimmer]] |[[Gore Verbinski|Blind Wink Productions]]<br>[[GK Films]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2011|12|21}} |[[Steven Spielberg]] | colspan="2" |[[Steven Moffat]]<br>[[Edgar Wright]]<br>[[Joe Cornish]] |Steven Spielberg<br>[[Peter Jackson]]<br>[[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] |[[John Williams]] |Columbia Pictures {{small|(international)}}<br>[[Amblin Entertainment]]<br>The Kennedy/Marshall Company<br>[[WingNut Films]]<br>Hemisphere Media Capital |[[Weta Digital]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fun Size]]''{{efn|name=L}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2012|10|26}} |[[Josh Schwartz]] | colspan="2" |Max Werner |[[Stephanie Savage]]<br>Josh Schwartz<br>Bard Dorros<br>David Kanter |[[Deborah Lurie]] |[[Anonymous Content]]<br>[[Fake Empire (company)|Fake Empire]] |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''A Fairy Odd Movie: Timmy Has A Kid''{{efn|name=L}} |May 24, 2013 |Savage Steve Holland | colspan="2" |Butch Hartman<br>Scott Fellows |Butch Hartman<br>Kirk DeMicco<br>Scott McAboy<br>Fred Siebert<br>Marjorn Cohn<br>Lauren Levine |Hans Zimmer<br>Henry Jackman<br>John Powell |Billionfond, Inc.<br>Frederator Studios<br>Pacfic Bay Entertainment |Prana Studios<br>Oasis Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2014|8|8}} |[[Jonathan Liebesman]] | colspan="2" |[[Josh Appelbaum]]<br>[[André Nemec]]<br>[[Evan Daugherty]] |[[Michael Bay]]<br>[[Andrew Form]]<br>[[Brad Fuller (producer)|Brad Fuller]]<br>Galen Walker<br>Scott Mednick<br>[[Ian Bryce]] |[[Brian Tyler]] |[[Platinum Dunes]]<br>Gama Entertainment<br>Mednick Productions<br>[[Heavy Metal (magazine)|Heavy Metal]] |Industrial Light & Magic |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2015|2|6}} |[[Paul Tibbitt]] |Stephen Hillenburg<br>Paul Tibbitt |[[Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger|Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger]] |Paul Tibbitt<br>[[Mary Parent]] |John Debney |[[Paramount Animation]]<br>United Plankton Pictures |Nickelodeon Animation Studio {{small|(2D animation)}}<br>Rough Draft Studios, Korea {{small|(2D animation)}}<br>Iloura VFX {{small|(3D animation)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''BreadWinners: The Movie''{{efn|name=A}} |April 17, 2015 |Steve Borst | colspan="2" |Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger<br>Steve Borst<br>Gary "Doodles" DiRiaffaele |Steve Boost<br>Gary "Doodles" DiRiaffaele<br>Mary Harrington<br>Lizbeth Velasco<br>Mary Parent |Christophe Beck |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Titmouse Inc. |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2016|6|3}} |[[Dave Green (director)|Dave Green]] | colspan="2" |Josh Appelbaum<br>André Nemec |Michael Bay<br>Andrew Form<br>Brad Fuller<br>Galen Walker<br>Scott Mednick |[[Steve Jablonsky]] |Platinum Dunes<br>China Movie Media Group<br>Gama Entertainment<br>Mednick Productions<br>Smithrowe Entertainment<br>[[Alibaba Pictures]] |Industrial Light & Magic |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monster Trucks (film)|Monster Trucks]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2017|1|13}} |[[Chris Wedge]] |Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger<br>[[Matthew Robinson (director)|Matthew Robinson]] |[[Derek Connolly]] |Mary Parent<br>Denis L. Stewart |[[Dave Sardy]] |Paramount Animation<br>[[Mary Parent|Disruption Entertainment]] |[[Moving Picture Company]]<br>[[Lola Visual Effects]]<br>Prime Focus |- ! scope="row" | ''Harvey Beaks: The Movie''{{efn|name=A}} |July 21, 2017 |C. H. Greenblatt | colspan="2" |C. H. Greenblatt<br>Rob Letterman |C. H. Greenblatt<br>Rob Letterman<br>Joann Estoessa |Henry Jackman{{efn|Additional Music By Dominic Lewis}} |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Mercury Filmworks<br>Yeson Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[T.U.F.F. Puppy: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2017|9|14}} |Butch Harman |Butch Harman<br>Nicholas Stoller |Nicholas Stoller |Deidre Brenner<br>Randy Saba<br>Ray DeLaurentis |John Debney<br>Dominic Lewis<br>Harry Gregson-Williams{{efn|Additional Music By Tom Howe And Stephanie Economou}} |Paramount Animation<br>Billionfond, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Yeson Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2017|10|20}} |Chris Savino | colspan="2" |Jonathan Aiebel<br>Glenn Berger |Chris Savino<br>Mary Parent |[[:en:Theodore_Shapiro|Theodore Shapiro]]<br>[[:en:Chris_Bacon_(composer)|Chris Bacon]]{{efn|Replaced John Debney And Christophe Beck}} |Paramount Animation |[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]]<br>[[:en:Jam_Filled_Entertainment|Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[:en:Outsourcing_of_animation_to_the_Philippines|Top Draw Animation]]<br>[[Digital eMation]]<br>[[Mercury Filmworks]]<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]]<br>Snipple Animation Studios<br>Yeson Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |September 7, 2018 | colspan="3" |Butch Hartman |Butch Hartman<br>Aron Warner<br>Mary Parent<br>Wren Errington<br>Christine Thompson<br>Karen Malach |Mycheal Danna<br>Jeff Danna<br>{{small|(score)}}<hr>Jeremy Rowley<br>{{small|(songs)}} |Paramount Animation<br>Billionfond, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Yeson Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Wonder Park]]''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} |{{dts|2019|3|15}} |Dylan Brown<br>{{small|(uncredited)}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Pedersen |first=Erik |date=January 30, 2018 |title='Amusement Park' Helmer Fired By Paramount For "Inappropriate" Behavior |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/amusement-park-director-fired-sexual-harassment-dylan-brown-paramount-2-1202274767/ |access-date=January 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="miller">{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Dylan |date=March 15, 2019 |title=Paramount's new animated movie ''Wonder Park'' doesn't have a credited director, and here's why |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |url=https://www.avclub.com/paramounts-new-animated-movie-wonder-park-doesnt-have-a-1833328690 |access-date=March 16, 2019}}</ref> |Robert Gordon<br>[[Josh Appelbaum]]<br>[[André Nemec]] |Josh Appelbaum<br>André Nemec |Josh Appelbaum<br>André Nemec<br>Kendra Halland |[[Steven Price (composer)|Steven Price]] |Paramount Animation<br>[[Ilion Animation Studios]]<br>Midnight Radio Productions<br>Sunswept Entertainment |Ilion Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2019|8|9}} |[[James Bobin]] |[[Tom Wheeler (writer)|Tom Wheeler]]<br>[[Nicholas Stoller]] |Nicholas Stoller<br>Matthew Robinson<ref>{{cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Isabela Moner Lands Title Role In Paramount Animation' Live-Action/Animated 'Dora The Explorer' |url=https://deadline.com/2018/05/isabela-moner-lands-title-role-in-paramount-players-live-action-dora-the-explorer-1202381322/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |[[Kristin Burr]] |John Debney<br>[[Germaine Franco]] |[[Paramount Players]]<br>Walden Media<ref>{{cite web |last=Busch |first=Anita |date=June 6, 2018 |title=Walden Media & Eugenio Derbez Join Live-Action 'Dora The Explorer' Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2018/06/walden-media-eugenio-derbez-dora-the-explorer-live-action-movie-1202405107/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><br>[[Media Rights Capital]]<br>Burr! Productions |[[The Mill (company)|The Mill]]<br>Moving Picture Company<br>[[Blink (company)|Blink Industries]]<br>{{small|(2D animation scenes)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Playing with Fire (2019 film)|Playing with Fire]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2019|11|8}} |[[Andy Fickman]] |Dan Ewen |Dan Ewen<br>[[Matt Lieberman]] |[[Todd Garner]]<br>Sean Robbins |[[Nathan Wang]] |Paramount Players<br>Walden Media<br>Broken Road Productions |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2020|8|14}}{{efn|''The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run'' was theatrically released on August 14, 2020 only in Canada. It was later released on [[Netflix]] internationally on November 5, and then on [[Paramount+]] on March 4, 2021 in the United States.<ref name="CBS All Access">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/spongebob-movie-skipping-theaters-cbs-all-access-1203539493/|title=''SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run'' Skipping Theaters to Launch On Demand and CBS All Access (EXCLUSIVE)|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|author=Rebecca Rubin|date=June 22, 2020|access-date=June 22, 2020}}</ref>}} |Tim Hill<ref>{{cite web |last=Donnelly |first=Matt |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Paramount Animation Sets Three New Films, Including 'SpongeBobSequel |url=https://www.thewrap.com/paramount-animation-sets-three-new-films-including-spongebob-sequel/ |access-date=June 10, 2018 |work=[[TheWrap]]}}</ref> |Tim Hill<br>Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger<ref>{{cite web |last=Erbland |first=Kate |date=March 3, 2020 |title=Tribeca 2020 Unveils Features Lineup: 'The Trip to Greece,' 'King of Staten Island,' 'Bad Education,' and 'Shirley' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2020/03/tribeca-2020-feature-lineup-1202214949/ |access-date=March 26, 2020 |work=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> |Tim Hill |Ryan Harris |Hans Zimmer<br>Steve Mazzaro |Paramount Animation<br>United Plankton Pictures<br>MRC |[[:en:Mikros_Animation|Mikros Image]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |- ! scope="row" | ''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} |October 23, 2020 |Chris Savino<br>Michael Rubiner<br>Miguel Puga |Chris Savino<br>Jonathan Aibel<br>Glenn Berger |Chris Savino |Michael Rubiner<br>Miguel Puga<br>Chris Savino<br>Karen Malach<br>Lin-Manuel Miranda |Theodore Shapiro<br>{{small|(score)}}<hr>Lin-Manuel Miranda<br>{{small|(songs)}} |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]]<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>[[Digital eMation]]<br>Big Jump Entertainment<br>Nørlum<br>Synergy Animation Studios |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Paw Patrol: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}}{{efn|Unlike previous films from Nickelodeon Movies, ''Paw Patrol: The Movie'' was produced in Canada, and the film's copyright is owned by [[Spin Master]] rather than Paramount. Nickelodeon Movies only distributed the film internationally, and did not produce it outright.|name=pawmovie}} |{{dts|2021|8|20}} |[[Cal Brunker]]<ref name="PawMovie">{{cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=February 21, 2020 |title='PAW Patrol' Movie In The Works For Summer 2021 From Spin Master, Paramount & Nickelodeon |url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/paw-patrol-movie-spin-master-paramount-nickelodeon-1202865343/ |access-date=February 21, 2020 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> |[[Billy Frolick]] | Billy Frolick<br>Cal Brunker<br>[[Bob Barlen]] |Jennifer Dodge |[[Heitor Pereira]] |[[Spin Master Entertainment]] |[[:en:Mikros_Animation|Mikros Image]] |- ! scope="row" | ''The Fairy Oddparents: The Fairy-Odder Movie''{{efn|name=LA}} |May 13, 2022 | colspan="3" |Christopher J. Nowak |Christopher J. Nowak<br>Mike Caron<br>Butch Hartman<br>Fred Seibert<br>Samatha Martin<br>Andrew Hirsch<br>Sam Becker<br>Shari Tevy |Hans Zimmer<br>Lorne Balfe<br>John Powell |Paramount Players<br>Billionfond, Inc.<br>Walden Media<br>Boxel Animation<br>Line By Line Media |Weta FX<br>Digital Domain<br>DNEG<br>Boxel Animation<br>Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>{{small|(2D Animation Scenes)}}<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>{{small|(2D Animation Scenes)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}}{{efn|''Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank'' is a film that had been in development for many years, and had no involvement from Nickelodeon or Paramount. Paramount had acquired the distribution rights to the film from GFM Animation in January 2022 for select territories and was later announced to be released under Paramount Animation, later Nickelodeon Movies.|name=pawsoffury}} |{{dts|2022|7|15}} |[[Rob Minkoff]]<br>Mark Koetsier<br>Chris Bailey |[[Andrew Bergman]] |Ed Stone<br>Nate Hopper<br>[[Mel Brooks]]<br>[[Norman Steinberg]]<br>Andrew Bergman<br>[[Richard Pryor]]<br>[[Alan Uger]] |Rob Minkoff<br>Adam Nagle<br>Peter Nagle<br>Guy Collins<br>Yair Landau<br>Susan Purcell |[[Bear McCreary]] |[[Aniventure]]<br>Align<br>[[Brooksfilms]]<br>[[Rob Minkoff|Flying Tigers Entertainment]]<br>GFM Animation<br>[[Huayi Brothers|HB Wink Animation]]<br>[[Cinesite]] |Cinesite |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Really Loud House: The First Movie]]''{{efn|name=L}} |March 17, 2023 |Tim Hobert | colspan="2" |Tim Hobert<br>Chris Savino<br>Matt Lieberman |Tim Hobert<br>Chris Savino<br>Jonathan Judge<br>Micheal Rubiner<br>Micheal Hobert<br>David McHugh<br>Matt Flanagan<br>Don Dunn<br>Angela Yarbrough<br>Kyle Marshall |Theodore Shapiro<br>John Debney |Paramount Players<br>93rd Street Productions<br>Walden Media<br>Quick To Judge |Moving Picture Company<br>Industrial Light & Magic<br>Rodeo FX |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2023|8|2}} |[[Jeff Rowe (filmmaker)|Jeff Rowe]]<hr>{{small|'''''Co-director'':'''}}<br>Kyler Spears |[[Brendan O'Brien (screenwriter)|Brendan O'Brien]]<br>[[Seth Rogen]]<br>[[Evan Goldberg]]<br>Jeff Rowe |Seth Rogen<br>Evan Goldberg<br>Jeff Rowe<br>[[Dan Hernandez]]<br>[[Benji Samit]] |Seth Rogen<br>Evan Goldberg<br>James Weaver |[[Trent Reznor]]<br>[[Atticus Ross]] |[[Point Grey Pictures]] |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Mikros Animation<br>Cinesite |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Paw Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}} |{{dts|2023|9|29}} |[[Cal Brunker]] |Cal Brunker<br>[[Bob Barlen]]<br>Shane Morris |Cal Brunker<br>Bob Barlen |Jennifer Dodge<br>Laura Clunie<br>Toni Stevens |[[Pinar Toprak]]{{efn|Replaced Heitor Piereia}} |Spin Master Entertainment |Mikros Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Under the Boardwalk (2023 film)|Under the Boardwalk]]''{{efn|name=A}}{{efn|name=R}}{{efn|''Under the Boardwalk'' was produced by Paramount Animation with no involvement from Nickelodeon. The Nickelodeon Movies logo was shown in the theatrical release only.}} |October 27, 2023<br><small>(Limited theatrical release)</small><ref>https://www.cartoonbrew.com/distribution/under-the-boardwalk-limited-theatrical-release-october-27-233915.html</ref><ref>https://www.movieinsider.com/m17651/jersey-crabs</ref><ref>https://www.nickalive.net/2023/10/under-boardwalk-to-receive-limited.html?m=0#:~:text=NickALive!:%20'Under%20the%20Boardwalk,7%20%5BUpdated%20w/%20Trailer%5D</ref> |[[David Soren (animator)|David Soren]] |[[Lorene Scafaria]]<br>[[David Dobkin (director)|David Dobkin]] |Lorene Scafaria<br>David Soren |David Dobkin<br>Dagan Potter<br>Allison Gardner |John Debney<br>Jonathan Sadoff |Paramount Animation<br>Big Kid Pictures |[[DNEG Animation]] |- ! scope="row" | ''The Fairy Oddparents: A New Wish Movie''{{efn|Animated film|name=A}} | align="center" |April 18, 2025 | align="center" |Butch Hartman |Butch Hartman<br>Kirk DeMicco |Butch Hartman | align="center" |Daniel Abramovici<br>Ashleigh Crystal Hairston<br>Lindsay Katai<br>Dave Stone<br>Butch Hartman<br>Fred Seibert | align="center" |Hans Zimmer<br>Steve Mazzaro<br>{{small|(score)}}{{efn|Originally Composed By Hans Zimmer And John Powell}}<hr>Daran Norris<br>Susanne Blakeslee<br>{{small|(songs)}} | align="center" |Paramount Animation<br>FredFilms<br>Billionfond, Inc. | align="center" |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Giant Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Smurfs (film)|Smurfs]]''{{efn|name=LA}} | {{dts|2025|07|18}} | [[Chris Miller (animator)|Chris Miller]] <hr>{{small|''Co-director:''}}<br />Matthew Landon | colspan="2" | [[Pam Brady]] | Ryan Harris<br />[[Rihanna]]<br />Laurence "Jay" Brown<br />Tyran "Ty-Ty" Smith | [[Henry Jackman]]<br />{{Small|(score)}}<hr>Rihanna<br />{{Small|(songs)}} | Marcy Media Films | [[Cinesite]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2025|12|19}} | [[Derek Drymon]] | [[Pam Brady]]<br>[[Kaz (cartoonist)|Kaz]]<br>Marc Ceccarelli | Pam Brady<br>[[Matt Lieberman]] | Lisa Stewart<br>Pam Brady<br>Aaron Dem | John Debney ||Paramount Animation<br>United Plankton Pictures<br>MRC |[[Reel FX Animation]]<br>[[FuseFX|Fuse FX]]<br>[[Cinesite]] [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |} ===Streaming films=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="12%" | Release date ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Director(s) ! colspan="2" scope="col" width="15%" | Writer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Producer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" width="10%" | Composer(s) ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Co-production with ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Animation services |- ! width="10%" | Story ! width="10%" | Screenplay |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Loud House Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2021|8|20}} |Dave Needham | colspan="2" |Kevin Sullivan<br>Chris Viscardi |Chris Viscardi |Philip White<br>[[Christopher Lennertz]] |{{small|(distributed by [[Netflix]])}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[Top Draw Animation]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The J Team]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2021|9|3}} |[[Michael Lembeck]] | colspan="2" |Eydie Faye |[[JoJo Siwa]]<br>Eydie Faye<br>Don Dunn<br>Syrinthia Studer |Gabriel Mann |JoJo Siwa Inc.<br>{{small|(distributed by [[Paramount+]])}} | rowspan="2" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[:en:A_Loud_House_Christmas|A Loud House Christmas]]''{{efn|name=L}} |November 26, 2021 |Jonathan Judge | colspan="2" |Liz Maccie |Todd Williams<br>Darlene Caamaño Loquet |Nick Urata |{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2022|8|5}} | colspan="2" |Andy Suriano<br>Ant Ward |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May |Vladimir Radev<br>{{small|(line producer)}} |[[Matt Mahaffey]] |{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Flying Bark Productions]]<br>Top Draw Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Blue's Big City Adventure]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2022|11|18}} |Matt Stawski | colspan="2" |Liz Maccie<br>[[Angela Santomero]] |[[Traci Paige Johnson]]<br>Angela Santomero |[[Alex Geringas]]<br>[[Anthony Green (musician)|Anthony Green]] |[[9 Story Media Group]]<br>[[Brown Bag Films]]<br>Line by Line Media<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Boxel Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Fantasy Football (film)|Fantasy Football]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2022|11|25}} |Anton Cropper | colspan="2" |Zoe Marshall<br>Dan Gurewitch<br>David Young |[[LeBron James]]<br>Spencer Beighley<br>Jamal Henderson<br>[[Marsai Martin]]<br>Joshua Martin<br>Timothy Bourne |[[Kovas]] |Awesomeness Films<br>[[SpringHill Company]]<br>Genius Productions<br>[[NFL Films]]<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} | rowspan="6" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Snow Day (2022 film)|Snow Day]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2022|12|16}} |[[Michael Lembeck]] | colspan="2" |Samantha Martin<br>[[Chris Viscardi]] |Zack Olin<br>Shauna Phelena<br>Ronald Gilbert |Gabriel Mann |Muse Entertainment<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Zoey 102]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|7|27}} |[[Nancy Hower]] | colspan="2" |Monica Sherer<br>Madeline Whitby |[[Shauna Phelan]]<br>Zack Olin |[[Roger Neill]] |Awesomeness Films<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Really Haunted Loud House]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|9|28}} |[[Jonathan Judge]] |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May<br>Tim Hobert |Jonathan Judge<br>Michael Rubiner<br>Don Dunn<br>Melanie Kirk |[[DeVotchKa|Nick Urata]] |{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Monster High 2]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|10|5}} |[[Todd Holland]] | colspan="2" |Todd Holland<br>Matt Eddy<br>Billy Eddy |Todd Holland<br>Adam Bonnett<br>Frederic "Fred" Soulie<br>Philip "Phil" Breman<br>Shawn Williamson<br>David Magee<br>Emanuel Pereira |Sunna Wehrmeijer |[[Mattel Television]]<br>[[Brightlight Pictures]]<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Good Burger 2]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2023|11|22}} |[[Phil Traill]] | colspan="2" |[[Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert|Kevin Kopelow<br>Heath Seifert]] |[[Kenan Thompson]]<br>[[Kel Mitchell]] |[[Oak Felder]] |Awesomeness Films<br>Artists for Artists<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Baby Shark's Big Movie!]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2023|12|8}} |Alan Foreman | colspan="2"| Whitney Ralls |Eryk Casemiro |Jon Chau |[[Pinkfong]]<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Thundermans Return]]''{{efn|name=L}} |{{dts|2024|3|7}} |Trevor Kirschner |Jed Spingarn<br>Sean W. Cunningham<br>Marc Dworkin |Jed Spingarn |Jed Spingarn<br>[[Kira Kosarin]]<br>[[Jack Griffo]]<br>Dan Cross<br>David Hoge<br>Zack Olin<br>[[Shauna Phelan]]<br>Chris Phillips |[[Caleb Chan]]<br>Brian Chan |Awesomeness Film<br>Cross Hoge Productions<br>Dworkingham Productions<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} | {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Casagrandes Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} | {{dts|2024|3|22}} | Miguel Puga | colspan="2" |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May<br>Lalo Alcaraz<br>Rosemary Contreras | Michael Rubiner |Marcelo Treviño |Mighty Studios<br>{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]]<br>[[Mighty Animation]]<br>[[Rough Draft Korea]]<br>Yeson Animation Studios<br>[[Bardel Entertainment]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[No Time to Spy|No Time to Spy: A Loud House Movie]]''{{efn|name=A}} |{{dts|2024|6|21}} |[[Kyle Marshall]] | colspan="2" |Whitney Wetta<br>Jeffrey Sayers |Ian Murray<br><small>(line producer)</small> |Jonathan Hylander |{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Jam Filled Entertainment]] |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2024|8|2}} |[[Liza Johnson]] |[[Kaz (cartoonist)|Kaz]] |Kaz<br>[[Tom Stern (filmmaker)|Tom Stern]] | Robert Engleman | Moniker | United Plankton Pictures<br>{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>[[Sinking Ship Entertainment]]<br>Pipeline Studios<br>Spin VFX<br>ReDefine Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Henry Danger: The Movie]]{{efn|name=L}}'' |January 17, 2025 |[[Joe Menendez]] | colspan="2" |[[Jake Farrow]]<br>Christopher J. Nowak |Jace Norman<br>Jake Farrow<br>Ron French<br>Joe Menendez<br>Christopher J. Nowak |Paul Edward-Francis |Yes Yes Coffee<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} | {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Plankton: The Movie]]''{{efn|name=LA}} | {{dts|2025|3|7}} | David Needham |[[Mr. Lawrence]] |Kaz<br>Mr. Lawrence<br>[[Chris Viscardi]] | Nicholas Russell<br>{{small|(line producer)}} | Mahuia Bridgman-Cooper | United Plankton Pictures<br>{{small|(distributed by Netflix)}} | Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Mikros Animation<br>ReDefine<br>Animation Yukfoo Animation |- ! scope="row" | ''[[Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado]]''{{efn|name=LA}} |{{dts|2025|7|2}} | Alberto Belli | colspan="2" | JT Billings | [[Kristin Burr]]<br>Benjamin Tappan<br>Carolina Arciniegas<br>Kenny Wood | Kenny Wood |Walsh Valdés Productions<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}} |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''[[A Loud House Christmas Movie: Naughty or Nice]]''{{efn|name=A}} |November 21, 2025 |Darin McGowan | colspan="2" |Tony Gama-Lobo<br>Rebecca May |April Lawrence<br>Michael Rubiner |Jonathan Hylander |{{efn|''A Loud House Christmas Movie: Naughty or Nice'' was distributed by Paramount+ internationally but aired as a television film on Nickelodeon in the United States|name=T}} |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Jam Filled Entertainment |- ! scope="row" | ''[[My Weird School (film)|My Weird School]]''{{efn|name=L}} |December 30, 2025 |[[Jonathan Judge]] | colspan="2" |Shauna Phelan |Brin Lukens |Brittany Cope |Quick to Judge<br>{{small|(distributed by Paramount+)}}{{Efn|Despite Paramount+ being credited as a distributor, they decided not to pick up the film after airing on Nickelodeon. As such, the film has only aired on the channel once and there's currently no way to watch it.}} |{{N/a}} |} === Upcoming films === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Release date !Director(s) ! colspan="2" |Writer(s) !Producer(s) !Composer(s) !Co-production with !Animation services |- !''[[Paw Patrol: The Dino Movie]]'' |August 14, 2026 |Cal Brunker | colspan="2" |<abbr>Cal Brunker And Bob Barlen</abbr> |Jennifer Dodge<br>Laura Clunie<br>Toni Stevens |Pinar Toprak |Spin Master Entertainment<br />Paramount Animation |Mikros Animation |- !''Avatar: Aang, The Last Airbender'' |October 9, 2026 |Lauren Montgomery | colspan="2" |<abbr>Bryan Konietzko, Micheal Dante DiMartino, Tim Hedrick And Kenneth Lin {{small|(Story)}}<hr>Tim Hedrick And Christopher Yost {{small|(Screenplay)}} |Bryan Konietzko<br>Michael DiMartino<br>Eric Coleman<br>Dagan Potter |Jeremy Zukerman |Avatar Studios |Flying Bark Productions<br>Studio MIR |- !''[[Wylde Pak: The Movie]]'' |October 23, 2026 |Paul Watling<br>Kyle Marshall | colspan="2" |Paul Watling<br>Kyle Marshall<br>Micheal McCullers<br>Pam Brady |Paul Watling<br>Kyle Marshall<br>Seonna Hong<br>Conrad Vernon<br>Greg Tiernan<br>Lisa Stewart |Kris Bowers<br>Heitor Piereia {{small|(Score)}}<hr>LIONCHLD, Feel Rights Creative {{small|(Themes And Songs)}} |Paramount Animation |Nickelodeon Animation Studio<br>Jam Filled Entertainment<br>Yeson Entertainment<br>Bardel Entertainment<br>Yearim<br>Golden Wolf<br>Mercury Filmworks<br>Lighthouse Studios<br>Synergy Animation Studios |- !Untitled ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' sequel |August 13, 2027 |Jeff Rowe | colspan="2" |TBA |Seth Rogen<br>Evan Goldberg<br>James Weaver<br>Ramsay McBean<br>Josh Fagen |TBA |Point Grey Pictures |Mikros Animation |- !Untitled ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' new live-action film |November 17, 2028 | colspan="3" |TBA |Neal H. Mortiz<br>Toby Ascher |TBA |Original Film |N/a |- ! colspan="9" |In Development |- !Yo-Kai Samba | rowspan="3" |TBA | colspan="3" |Leo Matsuda |TBA |TBA |Paramount Animation |TBA |- !Untitled ''Rugrats'' new live-action film |Jason Moore | colspan="2" |Mikey Day & Streeter Seidell |TBA |TBA |Paramount Players Klasky Csupo |TBA |- !Untitled ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' sequel |TBA | colspan="2" |Adam Pava {{small|(screenplay)}} | colspan="2" |TBA |Paramount Animation |TBA |} == Short Films == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center" ! scope="col" width="15%" |Title ! scope="col" width="12%" data-sort-type="date" |Release date ! scope="col" width="10%" |Directed by !Co-production with ! scope="col" width="10%" |Animation services ! scope="col" width="10%" |Release with ! scope="col" width="10%" |Type Of Short !Note(s) |- ! scope="row" |''[[List of Hey Arnold! episodes#Pilot (1994)|Arnold]]'' |July 10, 1996 |Craig Bartlett |Paramount Pictures Snee-Oosh Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio [[Anivision]] |''Harriet the Spy'' | rowspan="3" |Theatrical release |Pilot For ''Hey Arnold!''. Greenlit as ''Hey Arnold!''. |- ! scope="row" |''[[Action League Now!|Rock-a-Big Baby]]'' |{{Start date|1997|07|25}} |Tim Hill |Paramount Pictures Chuckimation Flying Mallet, Inc. |Nickelodeon Animation Studio Chuckimation Flying Mallet, Inc. |''Good Burger'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[List of CatDog episodes#Season 2 (1999–2000)|Fetch]]'' |{{Start date|1998|11|20}} |Derek Drymon Larry Leichliter Robert Porter |Paramount Pictures Peter Hannan Productions |Nickelodeon Animation Studio [[Rough Draft Studios|Rough Draft Korea Co., Ltd.]] |''The Rugrats Movie'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Edwurd Fudwupper Fibbed Big]]'' |{{Start date|2000|11|11}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guest|date=2000-11-11|title=FUDWUPPER Short Screening At Storyopolis|url=https://www.awn.com/event/fudwupper-short-screening-storyopolis|access-date=2023-10-07|website=[[Animation World Network]]}}</ref> |[[Berkeley Breathed]] |Paramount Pictures |[[Threshold Entertainment|Threshold Digital Research Labs]] |''Rugrats in Paris: The Movie'' |Limited festival and theatrical release | |- !''The Mighty B!: Super Scout'' |September 8, 2006 |Cynthia True Amy Poehler |Paramount Pictures Frederator Incorporated Polka Dot Pictures Paper Kite Productions | rowspan="2" |Nickelodeon Animation Studio |''The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie'' | rowspan="6" |Theatrical release |Aired as part of ''Nicktoons Film Festival''. Pilot For ''The Mighty B!'' Greenlit as ''The Mighty B!''. |- !''Harold & Herbert'': ''Dumpster Diving'' |October 20, 2017 |Dan Krall |Paramount Pictures |''The Loud House: The First Movie'' |Released as part of Nickelodeon's 2017 animated shorts program. |- ! scope="row" |''[[Big Nate (TV series)#Shorts|Big Nate: Bad Hamster]]'' |{{Start date|2022|07|15}} |Colin Heck Jim Mortensen Kyle Neswald |Paramount Pictures John Cohen Productions |Xentrix Studio |''Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dora and the Fantastical Creatures]]'' |{{Start date|2023|09|29}} |William Mata |Paramount Pictures Walsh Valdés Productions |Nickelodeon Animation Studio Duncan Studio |''Paw Patrol: The Mighty Movie'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Order Up|SpongeBob SquarePants: Order Up]]'' |{{Start date|2025|7|18}} |Sean Charmatz |Paramount Pictures United Plankton Pictures |Nickelodeon Animation Studio Rough Draft Korea |''[[Smurfs (film)|Smurfs]]'' | |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Chrome Alone 2 – Lost in New Jersey]]'' |December 19, 2025 |Kent Seki |Paramount Pictures Paramount Animation Point Grey Pictures |Mikros Animation |''The SpongeBob Movie: Search for SquarePants'' | |} ==History== In 1993, they wanted to release movies after ''Rugrats'' (planned for a fall 1994 release; Because In 1998, [[The Rugrats Movie]]), ''Doug'' (planned for a spring 1995 release; Because In 1999, Disney's [[Doug's 1st Movie]]) and ''Ren and Stimpy'' (planned for a summer 1995 release), but all of those got cancelled and scrapped, didn't make movies until 1996, with the first film was ''[[Harriet the Spy]]'' on July 10, 1996, Paramount first theatrically animated movie was ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' was released on November 20, 1998, it’s latest release was ''[[Good Burger 2]]'' on November 22, 2023; with their next release being ''Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie'' on 2024. ==Theatrical Films List == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" |- !Title !Theatrical Release Date !Theatrical Short Film Released With !Production Company(s)/Animation Service(s) !Duration !Techinque !Note(s) !Budget !Gross |- |''[[Harriet the Spy (film)|Harriet the Spy]]'' | align="right" |July 10, 1996 |Hey Arnold!'': Arnold'' (Pilot) |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Rastar]] |102 | rowspan="2" |Live Action | |$13 million |$26,570,048 |- |''[[Good Burger]]'' |align="right"|July 25, 1997 |''Rock-A-Big Baby'' |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Tollin/Robbins Productions]] |95 | |$9 million |$23,712,993 |- |''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' |align="right"|November 20, 1998 |CatDog'': Fetch'' |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Klasky Csupo]] / Grimsaem / Sunwoo Entertainment / Stardust Pictures |80 |Traditional Animation |First non-Disney animated film to gross over $100,000,000 at the box office. |$24 million |$140,894,675 |- |''[[Snow Day (film)|Snow Day]]'' |align="right"|February 11, 2000 |N/A |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[C.O.R.E. Digital Pictures]] |89 |Live Action | |$13 million |$62,464,731 |- |''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]'' |align="right"|November 17, 2000 |''Edwurd Fudwupper Fibbed Big'' (select theatres only) |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Klasky Csupo]] / Grimsaem / Sunwoo Entertainment / Rhythm & Hues Studios |78 | rowspan="2" |Traditional Animation | |$30 million |$103,291,131 |- |''[[Blazing Dragons: The Movie (2001 film)|Blazing Dragons: The Movie]]'' | align="right" |November 9, 2001 | rowspan="12" |N/A |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] (United States Distribution Only)/ [[Nelvana]] / [[Ellipsanime|Ellipse Animation]] / Alliance Atlantis Releasing, Ltd. (Canadian Distribution Only) / Gaumont (France Distribution Only) / Entertainment Film Distributors (United Kingdom Distribution Only) / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Yeson Entertainment / Stardust Pictures / Heart Of Texas Productions / Character Builders / Spaff Animation / Hanho Heung-Up Inc. / Studios Animage / Lestudio Elipse |79 | |$35 million |$105.8 million |- |''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (film)|Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' | align="right" |December 21, 2001 |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[O Entertainment]] / [[DNA Productions]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |83 |CGI Animation |Nominated for Best Animated Feature |$30 million |$102,992,536 |- |''[[Clockstoppers]]'' |align="right"|March 29, 2002 |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Valhalla Motion Pictures]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |90 |Live Action | |$26 million |$38,793,283 |- |''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]'' |align="right"|June 28, 2002 |[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Snee-Oosh, Inc.|Snee-Oosh]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Saerom Animation]] (overseas animation production by) |76 | rowspan="3" |Traditional Animation | |$3–4 million |$15,249,308 |- |''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'' |align="right"|December 20, 2002 |rowspan=2|[[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] / [[Klasky Csupo]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Sunwoo Entertainment]] (animation production by) |85 | |$35 million |$60,694,737 |- |''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]'' |align="right"|June 13, 2003 |81 | |$25 million |$55,405,466 |- |''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' |align="right"|November 19, 2004 |Paramount / [[United Plankton Pictures]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Rough Draft Korea|Rough Draft Korea Co., Ltd.]] (overseas animation production by) / Tony Gardener, Inc. / Warner Bros. Animation |87 |Traditional Animation/Live Action | |$30 million |$140,161,792 |- |''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' |align="right"|December 17, 2004 |[[DreamWorks]] (International) / Paramount (US) / Parkes/MacDonald Productions |108 | rowspan="4" |Live Action | |$142 million |$209,073,645 |- |''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]'' (distribution only) |align="right"|May 13, 2005 |[[Paramount Classics]] / [[Warner Bros.]] (Europe only) / [[Pathé]] (Europe only) / Just One Productions |106 | | |$8,117,961 |- |''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (2005 movie)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]'' |align="right"|November 23, 2005 |Paramount (US) / [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] / [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] (International) / Robert Simonds Company |88 | |$45 million |$72,028,752 |- |''[[Nacho Libre]]'' |align="right"|June 16, 2006 |Paramount / Black & White Productions / HH Films |92 | |$35 million |$99,255,460 |- |''[[Barnyard (film)|Barnyard]]'' | align="right" |August 4, 2006 |Paramount / O Entertainment / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] |90 |CGI Animation | |$52 million |$108,000,000 |- |''The Fairly OddParents: The Movie'' | align="right" |September 8, 2006 |The Mighty B!'': Super Scout'' |Paramount (United States Distribution Only) / [[Frederator Studios|Frederator Incorporated]] /Motion Picture Distribution LP (Canadian Distribution only) / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / [[Nelvana]] / [[Yeson Entertainment|Yeson Animation Studios]] (overseas animation production by) / [[:en:Rhythm_&_Hues_Studios|Rhythm & Hues Studios]] |85 |Traditional Animation | |$40 million | |- |''[[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|Charlotte's Web]]'' | align="right" |December 15, 2006 | rowspan="16" |N/A |Paramount / [[Walden Media]] / [[Jordan Kerner|The K Entertainment Company]] / Rising Sun Pictures / Tippett Studio / Rhythm & Hues Studios / Digital Diemension / Reel FX Inc. / Digital Studios Ilouria / Fuel International / Illusion Arts, Inc. |97 |Live Action/CGI | |$85 million |$144,877,632 |- |''Danny Phantom: The Movie'' | align="right" |May 11, 2007 |Paramount / Billionfond, Inc. / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / [[Yeson Entertainment|Yeson Animation Studios]] (overseas animation production by) |93 |Traditional Animation | |$25 million | |- |''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)|The Spiderwick Chronicles]]'' |align="right"|February 14, 2008 |Paramount / [[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]] / Industrial Light And Magic / Tippett Studio |96 | rowspan="2" |Live Action/CGI | |$90 million |$162,899,667 |- |''[[Hotel for Dogs (film)|Hotel for Dogs]]'' |align="right"|January 16, 2009 |DreamWorks (under Paramount Pictures) / Cold Spring Pictures / Donners' Company / Montecito Picture Company / Sony Pictures Imageworks |100 | |$75 million |$117,000,198 |- |''[[Imagine That (film)|Imagine That]]'' |align="right"|June 12, 2009 |Paramount / [[Lorenzo di Bonaventura|di Bonaventura Pictures]] / Goldcrest Pictures |107 |Live Action | |$55 million |$22,985,194 |- |''[[The Last Airbender]]'' |align="right"|July 1, 2010 |Paramount / [[Blinding Edge Pictures]] / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / The Kennedy/Marshall Company / Industrial Light And Magic |103 |Live Action/CGI | |$150 million |$319,713,881 |- |''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]'' |align="right"|March 4, 2011 |Paramount / [[Graham King|GK Films]] / [[Gore Verbinski|Blind Wink]] / [[Industrial Light and Magic]] |107 | rowspan="2" |CGI Animation | |$135 million |$245,375,374 |- |''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' | align="right" |December 21, 2011 |Paramount (US) / [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] (International) / [[DreamWorks]] / [[Amblin Entertainment]] / The Kennedy/Marshall Company / [[WingNut Films]] / Weta FX |107 | |$135 million |$373,993,951 |- |''[[Fun Size]]'' | align="right" |October 26, 2012 |Paramount / [[Steve Golin|Anonymous Content]] / [[Fake Empire Productions]] |90 |Live Action | |$14 million |$10,911,519 |- |''A Fairy Odd Movie: Timmy Has A Kid'' |May 24, 2013 |Paramount / Frederator Studios / Billionfond, Inc. / Pacific Bay Entertainment / Oasis Animation / Prana Studios |88 |Live Action / CGI | |$68 million | |- |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' |August 8, 2014 |Paramount / Platinum Dunes / Gama Entertainment / Mednick Productions / Heavy Metal / Industrial Light And Magic |101 |Live Action | |$139 million |$27,853,875 |- |''[[The Spongebob Movie: Sponge out the Water]]'' |February 6, 2015 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / United Plankton Pictures / Rough Draft Studios, Korea / Ilouria VFX |92 |Traditional Animation/Live Action/CGI Animation | |$146 million |$132,764,963 |- |''BreadWinners: The Movie'' |April 17, 2015 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / Titmouse Inc. |95 |Flash Animation/Traditional Animation | |$35 millon | |- |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' |June 3, 2016 |Paramount / Platinum Dunes / China Movie Media Group / Gama Entertainment / Mednick Productions / Smithrowe Entertainment / Alibaba Pictures / Industrial Light And Magic |112 | rowspan="2" |Live Action/CGI | |$142 million |$142,864,863 |- |''[[Monsters Trucks]]'' |January 13, 2017 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Disruption Entertainment / Moving Picture Company / Lola Visual Effects / Prime Focus |105 | |$136 million |$179,974,963 |- |''T.U.F.F. Puppy: The Movie'' |September 14, 2017 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Billionfold, Inc. / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Yeson Entertainment |82 |Traditional Animation | |$119 million | |- |''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |October 20, 2017 |Harold & Herbert: ''Dumpster Diving'' |Paramount / Paramount Animation / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Jam Filled Entertainment (animation services) / Top Draw Animation / Digital eMation / Mercury Filmworks / Bardel Entertainment / Snipple Animation Studios / Yeson Animation Studios |95 |Toon Boom Harmony | |$30 million |$32,018,216 |- |''Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie'' |September 7, 2018 | rowspan="8" |N/A |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Billionfold, Inc. / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Yeson Entertainment |83 |Flash Animation | |$50 million |$131,962,915 |- |''[[Wonder Park]]'' |March 15, 2019 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Ilion Animation Studios / Sunswept Entertainment / Midnight Radio Productions |85 |CGI Animation | |$96 million |$145,974,975 |- |''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]'' |August 9, 2019 |Paramount / Paramount Players / Walden Media / Media Rights Capital / Burr! Productions / The Mill / Moving Picture Company / Blink Industries |102 |Live Action/CGI | |$84 million |$135,976,983 |- |''[[Playing with Fire]]'' |November 8, 2019 |Paramount / Paramount Players / Walden Media / Broken Road Productions |96 |Live Action | |$96 million |$178,987,975 |- |''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]'' |August 14, 2020 |Paramount / [[Paramount+]] / Paramount Animation / United Plankton Pictures / Media Rights Capital / Mikros Image |91 |CGI Animation/Live Action | |$145 million |$138,975,974 |- |''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie'' |October 23, 2020 |Paramount / Paramount Animation / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / Jam Filled Entertainment (animation services) Bardel Entertainment / Yeson Animation Studios / Digital eMation / Big Jump Entertainment / Nørlum / Synergy Animation Studios |90 |Toon Boom Harmony | |$80 million | |- |''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |August 20, 2021 |Paramount / Spin Master Entertainment / Mikros Image / Elevation Pictures |86 |CGI Animation | |$132 million |$135,763,974 |- |''The Fairy Oddparents: The Fairy-Odder Movie'' |May 13, 2022 |Paramount / Paramount Players / Billionfond, Inc. / Walden Media / Line By Line Media / Digital Domain / Weta FX / DNEG / Boxel Animation / Nickelodeon Animation Studio / Yeson Entertainment |107 |Live Action/CGI | |$40 million | |- |''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |July 15, 2022 |Big Nate'': Bad Hamster'' |Paramount / Aniventure / Align / Brooksfilms / Flying Tigers Entertainment / Platige Image / GFM Animation / HB Wink Animation / Cinesite |98 |CGI Animation | |$71 million |$136,974,852 |- |''The Really Loud House: The First Movie'' |March 17, 2023 | rowspan="2" |N/A |Paramount / Paramount Players / 93rd Street Productions / Walden Media / Quick To Judge / Moving Picture Company / Industrial Light & Magic / Rodeo FX |115 |Live Action/CGI | |$105 million | |- |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' |August 2, 2023 |Paramount / Point Grey Pictures / Mikros Animation / Cinesite |99 |CGI Animation/Traditional Animation/ Live Action (2 Film Footages: ''Ferris Bueller's Day Off'' and ''Snake Fist Fighter'' Only) | |$137 million |$130,643,962 |- |''[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]'' |September 29, 2023 |Dora The Explorer'': Dora and the Fantastical Creatures'' |Paramount (United States Only) / Spin Master Entertainment / Elevation Pictures (Canada only) / [[Nickelodeon Animation Studio]] / Mikros Animation |87 |CGI Animation | |$142 million |$140,964,852 |} == MPAA Rating/TV Parental Rating == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ ! scope="col" width="15%" |Film ! scope="col" width="12%" |MPAA rating/TV Parental Rating ! scope="col" width="10%" |Reason (MPAA only except rated G) |- ! scope="row" |''[[Harriet the Spy (film)|Harriet the Spy]]'' | rowspan="2" |PG |Mild language and some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[Good Burger]]'' |Language, some comic violence, and mild sex-related humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'' |G |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |[[Snow Day (2000 film)|''Snow Day'' (2000)]] |PG |Brief mild peril and language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]'' | rowspan="3" |G | rowspan="3" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" | ''Blazing Dragons: The Movie'' |- ! scope="row" |''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'' |- ! scope="row" |''[[Clockstoppers]]'' | rowspan="11" |PG |Action violence and mild language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Hey Arnold!: The Movie]]'' |Some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Wild Thornberrys Movie]]'' |Some adventure peril |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rugrats Go Wild]]'' | rowspan="2" |Mild crude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie]]'' |- ! scope="row" |''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'' |Thematic elements, scary situations and brief language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Mad Hot Ballroom]]'' |Some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[Yours, Mine & Ours (2005 film)|Yours, Mine & Ours]]'' |Mild crude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Nacho Libre]]'' |Some rough action, and crude humor including dialogue |- ! scope="row" |''[[Barnyard (film)|Barnyard]]'' |Some mild peril and rude humor |- ! scope="row" | ''The Fairy Oddparents: The Movie'' |Mild Crude Humor |- ! scope="row" |[[Charlotte's Web (2006 film)|''Charlotte's Web'' (2006)]] |G |{{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Spiderwick Chronicles (film)|The Spiderwick Chronicles]]'' |PG |Scary creature action and violence, peril, and some thematic elements |- ! scope="row" |''[[Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging]]'' |PG-13 |Suggestive content involving young teens, and language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Hotel for Dogs (film)|Hotel for Dogs]]'' | rowspan="5" |PG |Brief mild thematic elements, language, and some crude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Imagine That (film)|Imagine That]]'' |Some mild language and brief questionable behavior |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Last Airbender (2010 film)|The Last Airbender]]'' |Fantasy action violence |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]'' |Rude humor, language, action, and smoking |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' |Adventure action violence, some drunkenness, and brief smoking |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fun Size]]'' | rowspan="2" |PG-13 |Crude and suggestive material, partying, and language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014 film)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' |Sci-fi action violence |- ! scope="row" |''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water]]'' |PG |Mild action and rude humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows]]'' |PG-13 |Sci-fi action violence |- ! scope="row" |''[[Monster Trucks (film)|Monster Trucks]]'' | rowspan="8" |PG |Action, peril, brief scary images, and some rude humor |- ! scope="row" | ''T. U. F. F. Puppy: The Movie'' |Rude Humor, Language and brief smoking |- ! scope="row" | ''[[The Loud House: The First Movie]]'' |Mild action/peril |- ! scope="row" | ''Bunsen Is A Beast: The Movie'' |Mild Humor, Some suggestive material and some thematic events |- ! scope="row" |''[[Wonder Park]]'' |Some mild thematic elements and action |- ! scope="row" |''[[Dora and the Lost City of Gold]]'' |Action and some impolite humor |- ! scope="row" |''[[Playing with Fire (2019 film)|Playing with Fire]]'' |Rude humor, some suggestive material, and mild peril |- ! scope="row" |''[[The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run]]'' |Rude humor, some thematic elements, and mild language |- ! scope="row" |''[[PAW Patrol: The Movie]]'' |G | rowspan="3" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[The Loud House Movie]]'' |TV-Y7 |- ! scope="row" |''[[The J Team]]'' |TV-G |- ! scope="row" |''[[Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank]]'' |PG |Action, violence, rude and suggestive humor, and some language |- ! scope="row" |''[[Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Movie]]'' |TV-Y7 | rowspan="4" {{N/A}} |- ! scope="row" |''[[Blue's Big City Adventure]]'' |TV-Y |- ! scope="row" |''[[Fantasy Football (film)|Fantasy Football]]'' |TV-PG |- ! scope="row" |''[[Zoey 102]]'' |TV-14 |- ! scope="row" |''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem]]'' | rowspan="2" |PG |Sequences of violence and action, language and impolite material |- ! scope="row" |''[[PAW Patrol: The Mighty Movie]]'' |Mild action/peril |- ! scope="row" |''[[Good Burger 2]]'' |TV-PG |{{N/A}} |} == Franchises == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Titles ! Films ! Shorts ! Seasons ! Release dates !Co-production |- | ''[[:en:Rugrats_(film_series)|Rugrats]]'' | 3 | 0 | 11 | 1991-present |Paramount Pictures (Films) And Klasky Csupo |- | ''Blazing Dragons'' | rowspan="2" | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1996–2001 |Nelvana, Elipse Animation And Carlton Television (TV Series) |- |''Hey Arnold!'' |1 |5 |1996-2004 |Snee-Oosh Inc. |- |''Good Burger'' |2 |0 |0 |1997-present |Tollin/Robins Productiins (1st One), Paramount Pictures (1st One), Paramount+ (sequel), Awesomeness Films (Sequel) And Artists by Artists (Sequel) |- | ''[[:en:SpongeBob_SquarePants_(film_series)|Spongebob Squarepants]]'' | 6 |1 | 16 | 1999-present |United Plankton Pictures, MRC (2020-), Paramount Animation (2015-), Netflix (Direct-To-Streaming Films) And Paramount+ (3rd Spongebob Film (2020) |- |''Snow Day'' |2 | rowspan="4" |0 |0 |2000-present |C. O. R. E. Digital Pictures (1st One), Paramount+ (Sequel) And Muse Entertainment (Sequel) |- |''The Fairy Oddparents'' |4 |11 |2001-present |Fredeator Studios, Billionfond Inc. (Sequel), Nelvana (Canadian Production Company Only), Paramount Animation (Sequel), Paramount Players (Live Action Sequel), Elevation Pictures (Canada, 2025) And Motion Picture Distribution LP (Canada, 2006) |- |''Danny Phantom'' | rowspan="2" |1 | rowspan="2" |3 |2004-2007 |Billionfond, Inc. |- |''T. U. F. F. Puppy'' |2010-2015; 2017 |Paramount Animation (film) And Billionfond, Inc. |- |''Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles'' |4 |1 |8 |2012-present |Platinum Dunes (Theatrical Live Action Films, 2014-2016), Point Grey Pictures (Theatrical Animated Films, 2023-) And Netflix (Direct-To-Streaming Film; 2022) |- |''Paw Patrol'' |2 | rowspan="3" |0 |16 |2013-present |Spin Master Entertainment |- | ''The Loud House''{{efn|Nickelodeon Movies was involved with both The first film: ''The Loud House: The First Movie'' And its sequel: ''The Casagrandes: The Second Movie'' And its Live action remake: ''The Really Loud House: The First Movie'', with A Direct-to-streaming films now being distributed by [[Paramount+]] (TV Specials) And [[Netflix]] (The Loud House Movie And The Casagrandes Movie), replacing [[Paramount Pictures]] as distributor.}} | 9 | 17 | 2016–present |Paramount Animation (Theatrical Films), Paramount Players (Live Action Remake), Walden Media (Live Action Remake), Quick To Judge (Live-Action Remake and TV Series), 93rd Street Productions (Live Action Remake And TV Series), Netflix (Direct-To-Streaming Films) And Paramount+ (Television Films) |- |''Bunsen Is A Beast'' |1 |1 |2017-2018 |Billionfond, Inc. And Paramount Animation (Theatrical Film) |} ==Other websites== *[http://www.nickelodeonmovies.com/ Nickelodeon Movies website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105032502/http://www.nickelodeonmovies.com/ |date=2006-11-05 }} *[http://www.nick.com/shows/movies/movies_index.jhtml Nickelodeon Movies at Nick.com] *{{imdb company|id=0004265|company=Nickelodeon Movies}} ==Notes== {{Notelist}} {{Nickelodeon Movies}} {{Film studios}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles]] [[Category:1995 establishments in California]] [[Category:Paramount Pictures]] 7wo510kh3pvujsfrdegj8o0md2k0oc1 0 264968 10882707 10876442 2026-06-09T22:32:57Z Rebeltronic 1558358 better, cleaner screenshot that removes the half of gradient on the ai mode button 10882707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|the [[search engine]]|the corporation|Google}} {{Infobox website |name =Google Search |logo =Google 2015 logo.svg |screenshot =Google Search screenshot in 2026 (EN).png |caption =The [[Google]] homepage |url =[http://www.google.com/ http://www.google.com]<br />[[#Domain names|list of domain names]] |commercial =Yes |type =[[Web search engine|Search Engine]] |language =[[#International|Multilingual]] (124) |registration =Optional |owner =[[Google]] |author = Sergey Brin and Larry Page |launch_date =September 15, 1997<ref>{{cite web| url=http://reports.internic.net/cgi/whois?whois_nic=google.com&type=domain | title=WHOIS - google.com | accessdate=2009-01-27}}</ref> |current_status =Active |revenue =From [[AdWords]] }} '''Google Search''' or '''Google Web Search''' is a web [[search engine]] owned by [[Google]] Inc. and it is the most widely used search engine on the [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com+yahoo.com+altavista.com |title=Alexa Search Engine ranking |accessdate=2009-11-15 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305234311/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com+yahoo.com+altavista.com |url-status=dead }}</ref> Google receives several hundred million queries each day through its various services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3630718 |title=Almost 12 Billion U.S. Searches Conducted in July |publisher=SearchEngineWatch |date=2008-09-02 |accessdate= |archive-date=2008-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912104253/http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3630718 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The main purpose of Google Search is to hunt for text in webpages, as opposed to other data, such as with Google Image Search. Google search was originally developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1997,<ref>{{cite web|url= http://reports.internic.net/cgi/whois?whois_nic=google.com&type=domain|title=WHOIS - google.com|accessdate=2009-01-27}}</ref> based on earlier search-engine designs. Google Search provides at least 22 special features beyond the original word-search capability.<ref name=fea/> These include synonyms, weather forecasts, time zones, stock quotes, maps, earthquake data, movie showtimes, airports, home listings, and sports results. (''see below:'' [[#Special features|Special features]]). There are special features for numbers, including ranges (70..73),<ref name=csheet/> prices, temperatures, money/unit conversions ("10.5&nbsp;cm in inches"), calculations (&nbsp;3*4+sqrt(6)-pi/2&nbsp;), package tracking, patents, area codes,<ref name=fea/> and [[language translation]] of displayed pages. The order of search results ('''ghits''' for ''Google hits'') on Google's search-results pages is based, in part, on a priority rank called a "[[PageRank]]". Google Search provides many options for customized search (''see below:'' [[#Search options|Search options]]), using [[Boolean logic|Boolean]] operators such as: exclusion ("-xx"), inclusion ("+xx"), alternatives ("xx OR yy"), and wildcard ("x * x").<ref>[http://www.google.co.nz/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=136861 ''...The *, or wildcard, is a little-known feature that can be very powerful...'']</ref> ==Search engine== ===PageRank=== Google's rise to success was in large part due to a [[patent]]ed [[algorithm]] called [[PageRank]] that helps rank web pages that match a given search string.<ref name=brin>{{cite web |url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html |title=The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |author=Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page |year=1998 |accessdate=2009-11-15 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5g804zaBw?url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html |archivedate=2009-04-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> Previous keyword-based methods of ranking search results, used by many search engines that were once more popular than Google, would rank pages by how often the search terms occurred in the page, or how strongly associated the search terms were within each resulting page. The PageRank algorithm instead analyses human-generated [[hyperlink|links]], assuming that web pages linked from many important pages are themselves likely to be important. The algorithm computes a [[recursion|recursive]] score for pages, based on the weighted sum of the PageRanks of the pages linking to them. PageRank is thought to [[correlation|correlate]] well with human concepts of importance. In addition to PageRank, Google over the years has added many other secret criteria for determining the ranking of pages on result lists, reported to be over 200 different indicators.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html |title=Corporate Information: Technology Overview |accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/02/ff_google_algorithm/ Exclusive: How Google's Algorithm Rules the Web &#124; Wired Magazine &#124; Wired.com]</ref> The details are kept secret due to spammers and in order to maintain an advantage over Google's competitors. ===Search results=== The exact percentage of the total of web pages that Google [[Index (search engine)|indexes]] is not known, as it is very hard to actually calculate. Google not only indexes and caches web pages but also takes "snapshots" of other file types, which include [[Portable Document Format|PDF]], [[Word document]]s, [[Excel spreadsheet]]s, Flash SWF, plain text files, and so on.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.google.com/help/faq_filetypes.html#what | title=Google Frequently Asked Questions - File Types | accessdate=2008-01-29 | archive-date=2008-02-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213052613/http://www.google.com/help/faq_filetypes.html#what | url-status=dead }}</ref> Except in the case of text and [[SWF]] files, the cached version is a conversion to (X)HTML, allowing those without the corresponding viewer application to read the file. Users can customize the search engine, by setting a default language, using the "SafeSearch" filtering technology and set the number of results shown on each page. Google has been criticized for placing long-term [[HTTP cookie|cookies]] on users' machines to store these preferences, a tactic which also enables them to track a user's search terms and retain the data for more than a year. For any query, up to the first 1000 results can be shown with a maximum of 100 displayed per page. The ability to specify the number of results is available only if "Instant Search" is not enabled. If "Instant Search" is enabled, only 10 results are displayed, regardless of this setting. ===Non-indexable data=== Despite its immense index, there is also a considerable amount of data available in online databases which are accessible by means of queries but not by links. This so-called invisible or [[deep Web]] is minimally covered by Google and other search engines.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sherman, Chris and Price, Gary |title=The Invisible Web: Uncovering Sources Search Engines Can't See, In: ''Library Trends'' 52 (2) 2003: Organizing the Internet |pages=282–298 |hdl=2142/8528 |url= http://hdl.handle.net/2142/8528}}</ref> The deep Web contains [[library catalog]]s, official [[legislative]] documents of governments, [[phone book]]s, and other content which is dynamically prepared to respond to a query. Privacy in some countries forbids the showing of some links. For instance in Switzerland any individual can force Google Inc. to delete a link which contains their name.{{Fact|date=September 2009}} ===Google optimization=== {{Main|Search engine optimization}} Since Google is the most popular search engine, many [[webmaster]]s have become eager to influence their website's Google rankings. An industry of consultants has arisen to help websites increase their rankings on Google and on other search engines. This field, called [[search engine optimization]], attempts to discern patterns in search engine listings, and then develop a methodology for improving rankings to draw more searchers to their client's sites. Search engine optimization encompasses both "on page" factors (like body copy, title elements, H1 heading elements and image [[alt attribute]] values) and Off Page Optimization factors (like [[anchor text]] and PageRank). The general idea is to affect Google's relevance algorithm by incorporating the keywords being targeted in various places "on page", in particular the title element and the body copy (note: the higher up in the page, presumably the better its keyword prominence and thus the ranking). Too many occurrences of the keyword, however, cause the page to look suspect to Google's spam checking algorithms. Google has published guidelines for website owners who would like to raise their rankings when using legitimate optimization consultants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/webmasters/guidelines.html |title=Google Webmaster Guidelines |accessdate=2009-11-15}}</ref> ==Functionality== <!--This section might need to be separated into a new and separate article about the Google Search Engine--> <!--A link to the new article should be added to see also if or when this section is removed--> <!--Do not add to [[google platform]] as it is hardware related--> Google search consists of a series of localized [[websites]]. The largest of those, the google.com site, is the top most-visited website in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global&lang=none |title=Top 500 |accessdate=2008-04-15 |publisher=[[Alexa Internet|Alexa]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/616bKIUqV?url=http://www.alexa.com/site/ds/top_sites?ts_mode=global |archivedate=2011-08-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of its features include a definition link for most searches including dictionary words, the number of results you got on your search, links to other searches (e.g. for words that Google believes to be misspelled, it provides a link to the search results using its proposed spelling), and many more. ===Search syntax=== Google's search engine normally accepts queries as a simple text, and breaks up the user's text into a sequence of search terms, which will usually be words that are to occur in the results, but one can also use [[Boolean logic|Boolean]] operators, such as: quotations marks (") for a phrase, a prefix such as "+", "-" for qualified terms, or one of several advanced operators, such as "site:". The webpages of "[http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=136861 Google Search Basics]" describe each of these additional queries and options (''see below:'' [[#Search options|Search options]]). Google's Advanced Search web form gives several additional fields which may be used to qualify searches by such criteria as date of first retrieval. All advanced queries transform to regular queries, usually with additional qualified terms. ===Query expansion=== Google applies [[query expansion]] to the submitted search query, transforming it into the query that will actually be used to retrieve results. As with page ranking, the exact details of the algorithm Google uses are deliberately obscure, but certainly the following transformations are among those that occur: * Term reordering: in [[information retrieval]] this is a standard technique to reduce the work involved in retrieving results. This transformation is invisible to the user, since the results ordering uses the original query order to determine relevance. * [[Stemming]] is used to increase search quality by keeping small syntactic variants of search terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=35889#stemming |title=Google:Stemming }}</ref> * There is a limited facility to fix possible misspellings in queries. ==="I'm Feeling Lucky"=== Google's homepage includes a button labeled "I'm Feeling Lucky". When a user clicks on the button the user will be taken directly to the first search result, bypassing the [[search engine results page]]. The thought is that if a user is "feeling lucky", the search engine will return the perfect match the first time without having to page through the search results. According to a study by Tom Chavez of "Rapt", this feature costs Google $110 million a year as 1% of all searches use this feature and bypass all advertising.<ref name="I'm feeling lucky">{{cite web | title=I'm feeling lucky button costs Google $110 million per year | year=2007 | publisher=Valleywag | url=http://valleywag.com/tech/google/im-feeling-lucky-button-costs-google-110-million-per-year-324927.php | accessdate=2008-01-19 | archive-date=2008-12-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064703/http://valleywag.com/tech/google/im-feeling-lucky-button-costs-google-110-million-per-year-324927.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> On October 30, 2009, for some users, the "I'm Feeling Lucky" button was removed from Google's main page, along with the regular search button. Both buttons were replaced with a field that reads, "This space intentionally left blank." This text faded out when the mouse was moved on the page, and normal search functionality is achieved by filling in the search field with the desired terms and pressing enter. A Google spokesperson explains, "This is just a test, and a way for us to gauge whether our users will like an even simpler search interface."<ref>{{cite web| title=Google's New Homepage Motto:'This Space Intentionally Left Blank' | year=2009 | publisher=WallStreetJournal | url=http://digitaldaily.allthingsd.com/20091030/goog-page/ | accessdate=2009-11-17}}</ref> Personalized Google homepages retained both buttons and their normal functions. On May 21, 2010, the 30th anniversary of [[Pac-Man]], the "I'm Feeling Lucky" button was replaced with a button reading the words "Insert Coin". After pressing the button, the user would begin a Google-themed game of Pac-Man in the area where the Google logo would normally be. Pressing the button a second time would begin a two-player version of the same game that includes Ms. Pacman for player 2. This version can be accessed at http://www.google.com/pacman as a permanent link to the page. ===Rich Snippets=== On 12 May 2009, Google announced that they would be parsing the [[hCard]], [[hReview]], and [[hProduct]] [[microformat]]s and using them to populate search result pages with what they called "Rich Snippets".<ref name="Rich-Snippets">{{cite web |url=http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html |title=Introducing Rich Snippets |last=Goel |first=Kavi |author2=Ramanathan V. Guha, Othar Hansson |date=2009-05-12 |work=Google Webmaster Central Blog |publisher=Google |accessdate=2009-05-25 |archive-date=2009-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525092245/http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Special features{{Anchor|Search engine features}}=== Besides the main search-engine feature of searching for text, Google Search has more than 22 "special features" (activated by entering any of dozens of ''trigger words'') when searching:<ref name="fea">{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/intl/en/help/features.html |title=Search Features |date=May 2009}}</ref><ref name="csheet">{{cite web | title=Google Help : Cheat Sheet | url=http://www.google.com/help/cheatsheet.html | year=2010}} </ref><ref name="EmU">{{cite web |url=http://www.law.emory.edu/law-library/research/advanced-legal-research-class/finding-aids-and-searching/google.html |title=Google and Search Engines |publisher=[[Emory University Law School]] |year=2006 |access-date=2010-09-26 |archive-date=2009-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616160419/http://www.law.emory.edu/law-library/research/advanced-legal-research-class/finding-aids-and-searching/google.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * weather – The weather conditions, temperature, wind, humidity, and forecast,<ref name=fea/> for many cities, can be viewed by typing "weather" along with a city for larger cities or city and state, U.S. zip code, or city and country for smaller cities (such as: weather [[Lawrence, Kansas]]; weather [[Paris, France|Paris]]; weather [[Bremen, Germany]]). * stock quotes – The market data<ref name=fea/> for a specific company or fund can be viewed, by typing the [[ticker symbol]] (or include "stock"), such as: [[CSCO]]; [[MSFT]]; IBM stock; F stock (lists [[Ford Motor Company|Ford Motor Co.]]); or AIVSX (fund). Results show inter-day changes, or 5-year graph, etc. This does not work for stock names which are one letter long, such as Citigroup (C) or Macy's (M) (Ford being an exception), or are common words, such as Diamond Offshore (DO) or Majesco (COOL). * time – The current time in many cities (worldwide),<ref name=fea/> can be viewed by typing "time" and the name of the city (such as: time Cairo; time [[Pratt, KS]]). * sports scores – The scores and schedules, for sports teams,<ref name=fea/> can be displayed by typing the team name or league name into the search box. * unit conversion – Measurements can be converted,<ref name=fea/> by entering each phrase, such as: 10.5&nbsp;cm in inches; or 90&nbsp;km in miles * currency conversion – A money or currency converter can be selected,<ref name=fea/> by typing the names or [[currency codes]] (listed by [[ISO 4217]]): 6789 [[Euro]] in [[USD]]; 150 [[GBP]] in USD; 5000 [[Yen]] in USD; 5000 [[Chinese yuan|Yuan]] in [[lira]] (the U.S. dollar can be ''USD'' or "US$" or "$", while Canadian is ''CAD'', etc.). * {{anchor|calculator}}calculator – [[Calculation]] results can be determined,<ref name=fea/> as calculated live, by entering a formula in numbers or words, such as: 6*77 +pi +sqrt(e^3)/888 plus 0.45. The user is given the option to search for the formula, after calculation. The calculator also uses the unit and currency conversion functions to allow unit-aware calculations. For example, "(3 EUR/liter) / (40&nbsp;miles/gallon) in USD / mile" calculates the dollar cost per mile for a 40 mpg car with gas costing 3 euros a liter. The caret "^" raises a number to an exponent power, and percentages are allowed ("40% of 300").<ref name=csheet/> * numeric ranges – A set of numbers can be matched by using a double-dot between range numbers (70..73 or 90..100) to match any positive number in the range, inclusive.<ref name=csheet/> Negative numbers are treated as using exclusion-dash to not match the number. * dictionary lookup – A definition for a word or phrase can be found,<ref name=fea/> by entering "define" followed by a colon and the word(s) to lookup (such as, "define:philosophy") * maps – Some related maps can be displayed,<ref name=fea/> by typing in the name or U.S. [[ZIP code]] of a location and the word "map" (such as: New York map; Kansas map; or Paris map). * movie showtimes – Reviews or [[movie]] showtimes can be listed for any movies playing nearby,<ref name=fea/> by typing "movies" or the name of any current movie into the search box. If a specific location was saved on a previous search, the top search result will display showtimes for nearby theaters for that movie. These listings however are sometimes totally incorrect and there is no way to ask Google to correct them; for example, on 25 July, for the [[El Capitan Theatre]], google showtimes lists [[Up (2009 movie)|Up]] but according to the El Capitan website, the only movie playing that day is [[G-Force (movie)|G-Force]]. {{Fact|date=March 2010}} * public data – Trends for population (or unemployment rates)<ref name=fea/> can be found for U.S. states & counties, by typing "population" or "unemployment rate" followed by a state or county name. * real estate and housing – Home listings in a given area can be displayed,<ref name=fea/> using the trigger words "housing", "home", or "real estate" followed by the name of a city or U.S. zip code. * travel data/airports – The flight status for arriving or departing U.S. flights can be displayed,<ref name=fea/> by typing in the name of the [[airline]] and the flight number into the search box (such as: [[American Airlines|American airlines]] 18). Delays at a specific airport can also be viewed (by typing the name of the city or three-letter airport code plus word "airport"). * package tracking – Package mail can be tracked<ref name=fea/> by typing the tracking number of a [[Royal Mail]], [[United Parcel Service|UPS]], [[Fedex]] or [[United States Postal Service|USPS]] package directly into the search box. Results will include quick links to track the status of each shipment. * patent numbers – U.S. [[patents]] can be searched<ref name=fea/><ref name=EmU/> by entering the word "patent" followed by the patent number into the search box (such as: Patent 5123123). * area code – The geographical location (for any U.S. telephone [[area code]])<ref name=fea/> can be displayed by typing a 3-digit area code (such as: 650). * synonym search – A search can match words similar to those specified,<ref name=fea/> by placing the tilde sign (~) immediately in front of a search term, such as:&nbsp; ~fast food. * U.S. Government search – Searching of [[U.S. government]] websites can be performed from webpage: www.google.com/unclesam.<ref name=EmU/> ===Search options=== The webpages maintained by the Google Help Center have text describing more than 15 various search options.<ref name="GH"> "Google Help Center – Alternate query types", 2009, webpage: [http://www.google.com/help/operators.html G-help]. </ref> The Google operators: * OR – Search for either one, such as "price high OR low" searches for ''"price"'' with ''"high"'' or ''"low"''. * "-" – Search while excluding a word, such as "apple -tree" searches where word ''"tree"'' is not used. * "+" – Force inclusion of a word, such as "Name +of +the Game" to require the words ''"of"'' & ''"the"'' to appear on a matching page. * "*" – Wildcard operator to match any words between other specific words. Some of the query options are as follows: * define: – The query prefix "define:" will provide a definition<ref name=GH/> of the words listed after it. * stocks: – After "stocks:" the query terms are treated as stock ticker symbols<ref name=GH/> for lookup. * site: – Restrict the results to those websites in the given domain,<ref name=GH/> such as, site:www.acmeacme.com. The option "site:com" will search all domain URLs named with ".com" (no space after "site:"). * allintitle: – Only the page titles are searched<ref name=GH/> (not the remaining text on each webpage). * intitle: – Prefix to search in a webpage title,<ref name=GH/> such as "intitle:google search" will list pages with word "google" in title, and word "search" anywhere (no space after "intitle:"). * allinurl: – Only the page URL address lines are searched<ref name=GH/> (not the text inside each webpage). * inurl: – Prefix for each word to be found in the URL;<ref name=GH/> others words are matched anywhere, such as "inurl:acme search" matches "acme" in a URL, but matches "search" anywhere (no space after "inurl:"). The page-display options (or query types) are: * cache: – Highlights the search-words within the cached document, such as "cache:www.google.com xxx" shows cached content with word "xxx" highlighted. * link: – The prefix "link:" will list webpages that have links to the specified webpage, such as "link:www.google.com" lists webpages linking to the Google homepage. * related: – The prefix "related:" will list webpages that are "similar" to a specified web page. * info: – The prefix "info:" will display some background information about one specified webpage, such as, info:www.google.com. Typically, the info is the first text (160 bytes, about 23 words) contained in the page, displayed in the style of a results entry (for just the 1 page as matching the search). * filetype: - results will only show files of the desired type (ex filetype:pdf will return pdf files) Note that Google searches the HTML coding inside a webpage, not the screen appearance: the words displayed on a screen might not be listed in the same order in the HTML coding. ===Error messages=== Some searches will give a 403 Forbidden error with the text <blockquote> "We're sorry... ... but your query looks similar to automated requests from a computer virus or spyware application. To protect our users, we can't process your request right now. We'll restore your access as quickly as possible, so try again soon. In the meantime, if you suspect that your computer or network has been infected, you might want to run a virus checker or spyware remover to make sure that your systems are free of viruses and other spurious software. We apologise for the inconvenience, and hope we'll see you again from all of the team here at Google."</blockquote> sometimes followed by a [[CAPTCHA]] prompt.<ref name="Google error page">{{cite web| url=http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=15661 | title=Google error page | accessdate=2008-12-31}}</ref> The screen was first reported in 2005, and was a response to the heavy use of Google by [[search engine optimization]] companies to check on ranks of sites they were optimizing. The message is triggered by high volumes of requests from a single IP address. Google apparently uses the [[Criticism of Google#Privacy|Google cookie]] as part of its determination of refusing service.<ref name="Google error page"/> In June 2009, after the death of pop superstar [[Michael Jackson]], this message appeared to many internet users who were searching Google for news stories related to the singer, and was assumed by Google to be a DDoS attack, although many queries were submitted by legitimate searchers. ====January 2009 malware bug==== Google flags search results with the message "This site may harm your computer" if the site is known to install malicious software in the background or otherwise surreptitiously. Google does this to protect users against visiting sites that could harm their computers. For approximately 40&nbsp;minutes on January 31, 2009, ''all'' search results were mistakenly classified as [[malware]] and could therefore not be clicked; instead a warning message was displayed and the user was required to enter the requested URL manually. The bug was caused by human error.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/01/google_this_internet_will_harm.html?hpid=news-col-blog|title=Google: This Internet May Harm Your Computer|last=Krebs|first=Brian|date=2009-01-31|newspaper=The Washington Post|accessdate=2009-01-31|archive-date=2011-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130155700/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/01/google_this_internet_will_harm.html?hpid=news-col-blog|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="googleblog">{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/this-site-may-harm-your-computer-on.html|title=This site may harm your computer on every search result?!?!|last=Mayer|first=Marissa|date=2009-01-31|work=The Official Google Blog|publisher=[[Google]]|accessdate=2009-01-31}}</ref><ref name="stopbadware">{{cite web |url= http://blog.stopbadware.org/2009/01/31/google-glitch-causes-confusion |title= Google glitch causes confusion |last= Weinstein |first= Maxim |date= 2009-01-31 |publisher= StopBadware.org |accessdate= 2010-05-10 |archive-date= 2010-07-08 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100708013913/http://blog.stopbadware.org/2009/01/31/google-glitch-causes-confusion |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://securityblog.verizonbusiness.com/2009/01/31/serious-problems-with-google-search |title= Serious problems with Google search |last=Cooper |first=Russ |date= Jan 31, 2009 |publisher= Verizon Business Security Blog |accessdate= 2010-05-10 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090205160359/http://securityblog.verizonbusiness.com/2009/01/31/serious-problems-with-google-search/ |archivedate= February 5, 2009}}</ref>&nbsp;The [[URL]] of "/" (which expands to all URLs) was mistakenly added to the malware patterns file.<ref name="googleblog" /><ref name="stopbadware" /> ===Doodle for Google=== On certain occasions, the [[Google logo|logo]] on Google's webpage will change to a special version, known as a "Google Doodle". Clicking on the Doodle links to a string of Google search results about the topic. The first was a reference to the [[Burning Man Festival]] in 1998,<ref>{{cite web|author=Hwang, Dennis |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2004/06/oodles-of-doodles.html |title=Oodles of Doodles |publisher=[[Google]] (corporate blog) |date=June 8, 2004 |accessdate=July 19, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Doodle History |url=http://www.google.com/doodle4google/history.html |accessdate= 2010-05-10 |publisher= Google, Inc.}}</ref> and others have been produced for the birthdays of notable people like [[Albert Einstein]], historical events like the interlocking [[Lego]] block's 50th anniversary and holidays like [[Valentine's Day]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Google logos: ''Valentine's Day logo'' |url= http://www.google.com/logos/valentine07.gif |date= February 14, 2007 |accessdate= April 6, 2007}}</ref> ===Google Caffeine=== In August 2009, Google announced the rollout of a new search architecture, codenamed "Caffeine".<ref name="Harvey">{{cite news|date=18 May 2025|title=Google unveils new "Caffeine" search engine|work=TechknowlegeDB|url=https://techknowledgedb.com/google-caffeine-update/}}</ref> The new architecture was designed to return results faster and to better deal with rapidly updated information<ref name="Lovestowrite">{{cite news |url=http://www.siivo.com/blog/2010/07/what-does-google-caffeine-mean-for-my-website |title=What Does Google "Caffeine" Mean for My Website? |date=21 July 2010 |publisher=Siivo Corp |accessdate=21 July 2010 |location=New York |archive-date=21 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821215629/http://www.siivo.com/blog/2010/07/what-does-google-caffeine-mean-for-my-website/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> from services including [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]].<ref name="Harvey"/> Google developers noted that most users would notice little immediate change, but invited developers to test the new search in its [[Sandbox (computer security)|sandbox]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Google introduces new "Caffeine" search system |first=Katie |last=Culp |publisher=Fox News |date=12 August 2009 |accessdate=14 August 2009 |url=http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/technology/google-introduces-new-caffeine-search/ |archive-date=15 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815205609/http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/technology/google-introduces-new-caffeine-search/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Differences noted for their impact upon [[search engine optimization]] included heavier keyword weighting and the importance of the domain's age.<ref name="Martin">{{cite news |url=http://blog.cube3marketing.com/2009/07/31/bing-the-new-search-engine-from-microsoft-and-yahoo/ |title=Bing - The new Search Engine from Microsoft and Yahoo |date=31 July 2009 |first=Paul |last=Martin |publisher=Cube3 Marketing |accessdate=12 January 2010 |archive-date=15 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115202211/http://blog.cube3marketing.com/2009/07/31/bing-the-new-search-engine-from-microsoft-and-yahoo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Paul">{{cite news |url=http://blog.cube3marketing.com/2009/08/27/caffeine-the-new-google-update/ |title=Caffeine - The New Google Update |date=27 August 2009 |first=Paul |last=Martin |publisher=Cube3 Marketing |accessdate=12 January 2010 |archive-date=15 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115202740/http://blog.cube3marketing.com/2009/08/27/caffeine-the-new-google-update/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The move was interpreted in some quarters as a response to Microsoft's recent release of an upgraded version of its own search service, renamed [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Emma |last=Barnett |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/6009176/Google-reveals-caffeine-a-new-faster-search-engine.html |publisher=The Telegraph |title=Google reveals caffeine: a new faster search engine |date=11 August 2009 |accessdate=14 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5iyEbegNB?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/6009176/Google-reveals-caffeine-a-new-faster-search-engine.html |archivedate=12 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Google announced completion of Caffeine on 8 June 2010, claiming 50% fresher results due to continuous updating of its index.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/06/our-new-search-index-caffeine.html |title=Our new search index: Caffeine |author=Grimes, Carrie |date=8 June 2010 |work=The Official Google Blog |accessdate=18 June 2010 }}</ref> With Caffeine, Google moved its back-end indexing system away from [[MapReduce]] and onto [[BigTable]], the company's distributed database platform.<ref>[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/09/09/google_caffeine_explained/ Google search index splits with MapReduce] – The Register</ref> Caffeine is also based on Colossus, or GFS2,<ref>[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/08/14/google_caffeine_truth/ Google Caffeine: What it really is] – The Register</ref> an overhaul of the [[Google File System|GFS]] distributed file system.<ref>[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/08/12/google_file_system_part_deux/ Google File System II: Dawn of the Multiplying Master Nodes] – The Register</ref> ===Encrypted Search=== In May 2010 Google rolled out SSL-encrypted web search.<ref name="sslsearch01">{{cite web |url=http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=173733&hl=en |title=SSL Search: Features - Web Search Help |accessdate= 2010-07-07 |agency=Google |work= Web Search Help |date= May 2010 }}</ref> The encrypted search can be accessed at: https://encrypted.google.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://web.archive.org/web/20131215071531/https://encrypted.google.com/ |date=2013-12-15 }} ===Instant Search=== Google Instant, an enhancement that displays suggested results while the user types, was introduced in the United States starting on September 8, 2010. One concern is that people might select one of the suggested results instead of finishing their request, and that such a practice could cause [[bias]] toward familiar businesses or other search terms. [[Pornographic]] or otherwise offensive search terms are excluded from the suggested results. The instant feature appears only on the basic Google site and not specialized iGoogle pages. Google expects Google Instant to save users 2 to 5&nbsp;seconds in every search, which they say will be collectively 11 million seconds per hour.<ref>{{cite video |people= Peter Nowak |title= Tech Bytes: Google Instant |medium= Television production |publisher= ABC News |location= United States |date= 2010 }}</ref> Search engine marketing pundits speculated that Google Instant would have a great impact on local and [[paid search]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Van Wagner - Spiegel |first= Rachel |title= How Google Saved $100 Million by Launching Google Instant |url= http://searchengineland.com/how-google-saved-100-million-by-launching-google-instant-51270 |accessdate= 20 September 2010 }}</ref> In concert with the Google Instant launch, Google disabled the ability of users to choose to see more than 10 search results per page. Instant Search can be disabled via Google's "preferences" menu, but [[autocomplete]]-style search suggestions now cannot be disabled. A Google representative stated, "It's in keeping with our vision of a unified Google search experience to make popular, useful features part of the default experience, rather than maintain different versions of Google. As Autocomplete quality has improved, we felt it was appropriate to have it always on for all of our users."<ref>[http://www.google.com/support/forum/p/Web+Search/thread?tid=5a69f1094357f31b&hl=en Google Web Search Help Forum]()</ref> ==International== Google is available in many languages and has been localized for many countries.<ref name="international">[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=en Language Tools]</ref> ===Languages=== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * [[Afar language|Afar]] * [[Afrikaans]] * [[Akan language|Akan]] * [[Albanian language|Albanian]] * [[Amharic]] * [[Arabic language|Arabic]] * [[Armenian language|Armenian]] * [[Assamese language|Assamese]] * [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] * [[Basque language|Basque]] * [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] * [[Bengali language|Bengali]] * [[Bihari languages|Bihari]] * [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] * [[Breton language|Breton]] * [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] * [[Cambodian language|Cambodian (Khmer)]] * [[Catalan language|Catalan]] * [[Chinese (Simplified)]] * [[Chinese (Traditional)]] * [[Corsican language|Corsican]] * [[Croatian language|Croatian]] * [[Czech language|Czech]] * [[Danish language|Danish]] {{col-break}} * [[Dutch language|Dutch]] * [[English language (United Kingdom)|English (United Kingdom)]] * [[English language (United States)|English (United States)]] * [[Esperanto]] * [[Estonian language|Estonian]] * [[Faroese language|Faroese]] * [[Filipino language|Filipino]] * [[Finnish language|Finnish]] * [[French language|French]] * [[West Frisian language|Frisian (West)]] * [[Galician language|Galician]] * [[Georgian language|Georgian]] * [[German language|German]] * [[Greek language|Greek]] * [[Guarani language|Guarani]] * [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] * [[Hausa language|Hausa]] * [[Haitian Creole language|Haitian Creole]] * [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] * [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] * [[Hindi]] * [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] {{col-break}} * [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] * [[Igbo language|Igbo]] * [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] * [[Interlingua]] * [[Irish language|Irish]] * [[Italian language|Italian]] * [[Japanese language|Japanese]] * [[Javanese language|Javanese]] * [[Kannada language|Kannada]] * [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] * [[Kinyarwanda language|Kinyarwanda]] * [[Kirundi language|Kirundi]] * [[Korean language|Korean]] * [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] * [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]] * [[Lao language|Laothian]] * [[Latin]] * [[Latvian language|Latvian]] * [[Lingala language|Lingala]] * [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] * [[Luganda language|Luganda]] * [[Luo language|Luo]] {{col-break}} * [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] * [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] * [[Malay language|Malay]] * [[Malayalam]] * [[Maltese language|Maltese]] * [[Māori language|Māori]] * [[Marathi language|Marathi]] * [[Mauritian Creole]] * [[Moldavian language|Moldavian (Romanian)]] * [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] * [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] * [[Nepali language|Nepali]] * [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] * [[Norwegian (Nynorsk)]] * [[Occitan language|Occitan]] * [[Odia language|Odia]] * [[Oromo language|Oromo]] * [[Pashto language|Pashto]] * [[Persian language|Persian]] * [[Polish language|Polish]] * [[Portuguese (Brazil)]] * [[Portuguese (Portugal)]] {{col-break}} * [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] * [[Quechua]] * [[Romanian language|Romanian]] * [[Romansh language|Romansh]] * [[Runyakitara language|Runyakitara]] * [[Russian language|Russian]] * [[Scottish Gaelic|Scots Gaelic]] * [[Serbian language|Serbian]] * [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] * [[Sesotho language|Sesotho]] * [[Setswana language|Setswana]] * [[Shona language|Shona]] * [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] * [[Sinhalese language|Sinhalese]] * [[Slovak language|Slovak]] * [[Slovene language|Slovene]] * [[Somali language|Somali]] * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] * [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] * [[Swahili language|Swahili]] * [[Swedish language|Swedish]] * [[Tajik language|Tajik]] {{col-break}} * [[Tamil language|Tamil]] * [[Tatar language|Tatar]] * [[Telugu language|Telugu]] * [[Thai language|Thai]] * [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]] * [[Tonga language|Tonga]] * [[Turkish language|Turkish]] * [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] * [[Twi]] * [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] * [[Urdu]] * [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] * [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] * [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] * [[Welsh language|Welsh]] * [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] * [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] * [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] * [[Zulu language|Zulu]] {{col-end}} The interface has also been made available in some languages for humorous purpose: * [[Elmer Fudd]] * [[leetspeak|Hacker]] * [[Klingon language|Klingon]] * [[Pig Latin]] ===Domain names=== In addition to the main URL [http://www.google.com Google.com], Google Inc. owns 160 domain names for each of the countries/regions in which it has been localized.<ref name="international" /> As Google is an American company, the main domain name can be considered as the U.S. one. Some domain names unregistered by Google are currently [[Cybersquatting|squatted]], such as "Google.ua" (for Ukraine, where the correct URL is "google.com.ua"). ==Search products== In addition to its tool for searching [[webpage]]s, Google also provides services for searching [[raster graphics|images]], [[Usenet]] [[newsgroup]]s, news [[websites]], [[Google Video|videos]], searching by [[wikt:locality|locality]], maps, and items for sale online. In 2006, Google has indexed over 25 billion web pages,<ref name=gwcds>[http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~zives/cis555/slides/I-Crawlers-Sync.ppt Google, Web Crawling and Distributed Synchronization] p. 11.</ref> 400 million queries per day,<ref name="gwcds"/> 1.3 billion images, and over one billion Usenet messages. It also [[cache]]s much of the content that it [[web indexing|indexes]]. Google operates other tools and services including [[Google News]], Google Suggest, [[Google Product Search]], [[Google Maps]], [[Google Co-op]], [[Google Earth]], [[Google Docs]], [[Picasa]], [[Panoramio]], [[YouTube]], [[Google Translate]], [[Google Blog]] Search and [[Google Desktop]] Search. There are also products available from Google that are not directly search-related. [[Gmail]], for example, is a [[webmail]] application, but still includes search features; [[Google Browser Sync]] does not offer any search facilities, although it aims to organize your browsing time. Also Google starts many new beta products, like [[Google Social Search]] or [[Google Image Swirl]]. In 2017 the USPTO issued Microsoft a patent<ref>{{Citation|title=Asynchronous caching to improve user experience|date=2012-02-08|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130204857A1/en|accessdate=2018-03-26}}</ref> describing a methodology that could serve as an alternative to Google's Instant Search.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kartoun|first=Uri|date=2016-12-22|title=A user, an interface, or none|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3029062.3014046|journal=Interactions|volume=24|issue=1|pages=20–21|doi=10.1145/3014046|s2cid=29715476|issn=1072-5520}}</ref> ==Energy consumption== Google claims that a search query requires altogether about 1 [[Joule|kJ]] or 0.0003 [[Kilowatt hours|kW·h]].<ref>[http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/01/powering-google-search.html Blogspot.com], Powering a Google search</ref> ==Related pages== * [[List of Google products]] * [[List of search engines]] ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Further reading== * ''[[Google Hacks]]'' from [[O'Reilly Media|O'Reilly]] is a book containing tips about using Google effectively. Now in its third edition. {{ISBN|978-0-596-52706-8}}. * ''Google: The Missing Manual'' by Sarah Milstein and Rael Dornfest (O'Reilly, 2004). {{ISBN|978-0-596-00613-6}} * ''How to Do Everything with Google'' by Fritz Schneider, Nancy Blachman, and Eric Fredricksen (McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2003). {{ISBN|978-0-07-223174-8}} * ''Google Power'' by Chris Sherman (McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2005). {{ISBN|978-0-07-225787-8}} * {{cite journal |last=Barroso |first=Luiz Andre |author2= Dean, Jeffrey and Hölzle, Urs |year=2003 |title=Web Search for a Planet: The Google Cluster Architecture |journal=IEEE Micro |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages= 22–28 |doi= 10.1109/MM.2003.1196112 |url= |accessdate= }} ==Other websites== * {{Official website}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/ The Original Google!] * [https://www.google.com/trends/ Google search trends] {{Web search engines}} {{Google LLC}} [[Category:Google|Search]] [[Category:American search engines]] 2fd96grru4t28qx6g1n9l6rqy8dapgk 0 266316 10882550 10881730 2026-06-09T19:26:28Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 Undid revision 10881723 by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33794-20|~2026-33794-20]] ([[User talk:~2026-33794-20|talk]]) rvv 10882550 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''healthy lifestyle''' is one which helps to keep and improve people's [[health]] and well-being and can also help overcome lots of stress.<ref name=WHO2005BangkokPDF>Participants at the 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion. [http://www.who.int/entity/healthpromotion/conferences/6gchp/hpr_050829_%20BCHP.pdf The Bangkok Charter for health promotion in a globalized world.] Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2005 Aug 11. Accessed 2009 Feb 4.</ref> Many [[government]]s and [[non-governmental organization]]s work in promoting healthy lifestyles.<ref>Kickbusch I. 2003. The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health,private and health promotion. ''Am J Public Health'' '''93'''(3):383-8. [http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/93/3/383.pdf] 2009.</ref> Healthy living is a lifelong effect. Being healthy includes healthy eating, physical activities, weight management, and [[stress management]]. A healthy lifestyle includes a [[balanced diet]]. This does not mean cutting out important food groups from your diet or limiting yourself on the amount of calories per day. A well-rounded diet involves eating most food groups in every meal. Meats, dairy, fruits, and vegetables are all important components of a meal that will ensure your body is healthy. Doing a healthy diet brings a lifestyle that can change your life into being healthier and physically fit. According to Jim Rohn, "Take care of your body. It's the only place you have to live." == Components of a healthy lifestyle == A healthy lifestyle is mostly associated with: * [[Cocaine]] * [[Chicken nuggets]] * [[Van]]dalising this page * Good [[diet]] * [[Physical exercise]] * Good [[Sleep|sleeping]] pattern * Personal [[hygiene]] * No bad habits or [[addiction]] * Health [[education]] * Safe [[environment]] * [[Physical fitness]] * [[Love]] through social support and healthy relationships *[[Emotion|Emotions]] * Active [[social]] life Additional perspectives and examples of lifestyle practices can be found in resources such as '''[https://wisetoast.com/best-lifestyle-blogs-to-follow/ best lifestyle blogs]''', which discuss wellness, personal development, and healthy living. == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == * [http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities Healthy Cities – WHO EURO Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205121506/http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities |date=2009-12-05 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/health_in_the_eu/prevention_and_promotion/index_en.htm Health-EU Portal] * [https://lovegat.com/simple-ways-to-live-a-more-mindful-life-a-comprehensive-guide Simple Ways to Live a More Mindful Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810195625/http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/health_in_the_eu/prevention_and_promotion/index_en.htm |date=2011-08-10 }} Health Prevention and Promotion in the EU {{Healthy lifestyle}} [[Category:Healthy lifestyle| ]] qx92xy5pc9zo9mnmfft7agnur1qyzyy 10882551 10882550 2026-06-09T19:26:48Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by ~2026-33794-20: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10881730 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''healthy lifestyle''' is one which helps to keep and improve people's [[health]] and well-being and can also help overcome lots of stress.<ref name=WHO2005BangkokPDF>Participants at the 6th Global Conference on Health Promotion. [http://www.who.int/entity/healthpromotion/conferences/6gchp/hpr_050829_%20BCHP.pdf The Bangkok Charter for health promotion in a globalized world.] Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2005 Aug 11. Accessed 2009 Feb 4.</ref> Many [[government]]s and [[non-governmental organization]]s work in promoting healthy lifestyles.<ref>Kickbusch I. 2003. The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health,private and health promotion. ''Am J Public Health'' '''93'''(3):383-8. [http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/93/3/383.pdf] 2009.</ref> Healthy living is a lifelong effect. Being healthy includes healthy eating, physical activities, weight management, and [[stress management]]. A healthy lifestyle includes a [[balanced diet]]. This does not mean cutting out important food groups from your diet or limiting yourself on the amount of calories per day. A well-rounded diet involves eating most food groups in every meal. Meats, dairy, fruits, and vegetables are all important components of a meal that will ensure your body is healthy. Doing a healthy diet brings a lifestyle that can change your life into being healthier and physically fit. According to Jim Rohn, "Take care of your body. It's the only place you have to live." == Components of a healthy lifestyle == A healthy lifestyle is mostly associated with: * Good [[diet]] * [[Physical exercise]] * Good [[Sleep|sleeping]] pattern * Personal [[hygiene]] * No bad habits or [[addiction]] * Health [[education]] * Safe [[environment]] * [[Physical fitness]] * [[Love]] through social support and healthy relationships *[[Emotion|Emotions]] * Active [[social]] life Additional perspectives and examples of lifestyle practices can be found in resources such as '''[https://wisetoast.com/best-lifestyle-blogs-to-follow/ best lifestyle blogs]''', which discuss wellness, personal development, and healthy living. == References == {{reflist|2}} == Other websites == * [http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities Healthy Cities – WHO EURO Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205121506/http://www.euro.who.int/healthy-cities |date=2009-12-05 }} * [http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/health_in_the_eu/prevention_and_promotion/index_en.htm Health-EU Portal] * [https://lovegat.com/simple-ways-to-live-a-more-mindful-life-a-comprehensive-guide Simple Ways to Live a More Mindful Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810195625/http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/health_in_the_eu/prevention_and_promotion/index_en.htm |date=2011-08-10 }} Health Prevention and Promotion in the EU {{Healthy lifestyle}} [[Category:Healthy lifestyle| ]] qr0ba71hocg1jm0mt9l38verb3hjvwf 0 268744 10882561 10756042 2026-06-09T19:35:44Z ~2026-34192-53 1819266 /* History */ 10882561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 250 | image1 = Aztec Empire (orthographic projection).svg | caption1 = [[Map]] of the [[world]] showing the Aztec Empire | image2 = Aztec Empire 1519 map-fr.svg | caption2 = Size of the Aztec Empire in 1519 }} The '''Aztec Empire''' was a large [[empire]] in [[Mesoamerica]]. It existed between about [[1345]] [[AD]] and [[1521]] AD. When the Empire was largest, it spread across most of Mesoamerica. The [[Aztecs]] built a powerful empire that was one of the world's most [[wikt:advanced|advanced]] [[society|societies]]. Its [[warrior]]s took over many nearby states and helped spread Aztec [[culture]] and [[religion]] across Mesoamerica. However, in [[1519]], [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]s came to the Aztec Empire. With help from the Aztecs' [[enemy|enemies]], the Spanish fought the Aztecs for control of their empire. On [[August 13]], 1521, the Aztec Empire fell apart and the Spanish took over. They made the area a Spanish [[colony]] and renamed it [[New Spain]]. ==History== Before the Aztec Empire existed, the [[indigenous peoples|indigenous (local) people]] in central Mesoamerica lived in many separate [[city-state]]s. These were small [[city|cities]] with [[farm]]land around them. Each state had its own ruler. Around [[1100]] AD, these city-states started to fight each other for power and control of the area's land.<ref name="ancientcities">{{cite book|title=Mesoamerica's Ancient Cities: Aerial Views of Pre-Columbian Ruins in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras|author=Ferguson, William M.|last2=Adams, Richard E.W.|date=2001|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0826328014|page=244-247}}</ref> By about [[1400]], two city-states had grown into small empires. In [[1428]], these two empires fought the [[Tepanec War]] for control of the area. The Texcoco empire made an [[alliance]] with some other powerful city-states, including Tenochtitlan, and won the war. These [[ally|allies]] were supposed to share power equally as they started to gain control of more land. However, by [[1430]], [[Tenochtitlan]] became the most powerful member of the alliance. It became the [[capital city]] of the Aztec Empire, and its ruler became the 'high [[king]]' of the entire Empire.<ref>{{cite book |author=Chazan, Michael |date=October 5, 2015 |title=World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways Through Time |publisher=Routledge |page=363 |isbn=978-1317347514}}</ref> ==Growth== From 1430 onward, the Aztec Empire grew. Its [[military]] took over most of what is now northern Mexico. At this point, the Aztec Empire controlled 135,000 [[square kilometre]]s (almost 84,000 [[square mile]]s) of Mesoamerica.{{efn|To compare, at 135,000 km², the Aztec Empire was larger than any of these: * [[Nicaragua]], the largest country in [[Central America]] (130,370 km²)<ref name=cia>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |title=Country Comparison: Area |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |website=The CIA World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|United States Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[North Korea]] (120,538 km²)<ref name=cia/> * The [[States of the United States|states]] of [[Connecticut]], [[Massachusetts]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Rhode Island]], [[Vermont]], and half of [[Maine]], all put together<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/state-area.html |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=December 5, 2012 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 17, 2016 }}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Nichols, Deborah L.|author2= Pool, Christopher A. |date=2012 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=453 |isbn=978-0199996346}}</ref>^p.453 [[File:Templo Mayor in Mexico-Tenochtitlan 16th century (illustration 1900).jpg|thumb|375px|Drawing of what part of Tenochtitlan may have looked like]] When the Aztecs took over a state, they would take [[prisoners of war|prisoners]] for [[ritual]] [[human sacrifice]] in Tenochtitlan. The state would also have to pay the Aztec Empire "tributes" (almost like [[tax]]es). As the Aztecs took over more and more states, these tributes made them very [[wealth|rich]].<ref name=vt>{{cite book |author=van Teurenhout, Dirk R. |date=2005 |title=The Aztecs: New Perspectives |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=157 |isbn=978-1576079218}}</ref> Sometimes, when the Aztecs took over a state, they would bring that state and its people into the Aztec Empire. However, if a state was on the edge of the Empire, the Aztecs might let it stay its own state. They did this so they would have other states around the Empire, protecting them from an [[invasion]] by other powerful states.<ref name=vt/> ==Tenochtitlan== {{Main|Tenochtitlan}} The Aztecs had built their capital city right on a [[lake]] called Lake Texcoco. As the Empire grew, so did Tenochtitlan. By the early [[16th century|1500s]], at least 200,000 people lived in the city. This made Tenochtitlan the largest city in the [[Americas]] before [[Christopher Columbus]] arrived.<ref name=prehx/> Tenochtitlan was the center of the Aztec government and religion. It was also a very big [[trade|trading]] center. When the Spanish arrived in 1519, they guessed that 60,000 people came to the market in Tenochtitlan every day.<ref name="prehx">{{cite book|title=People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory|author=Fagan, Brian|last2=Durrani, Nadia|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1317346821|page=443-447}}</ref> People bought and sold many things there, including [[slave]]s ([[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] from states the Aztecs had taken over).<ref name="tb">{{cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2014|title=Central and South American Empires: 11d. The Aztec World|url=http://www.ushistory.org/civ/11d.asp|access-date=April 17, 2016|website=Ancient Civilizations Online Textbook|publisher=The Independence Hall Association}}</ref> The city had a huge pyramid called the [[Templo Mayor]] (Great Temple). The entire city was decorated with [[art]], [[architecture]], and [[stone]] [[sculpture]]s. The Aztecs had created [[canal]]s all across the city. By bringing water to Aztec [[crop]]s, these canals made it possible for the Aztecs to grow much more food than they normally could have. The Aztecs had also made [[levee]]s to protect the city from [[flood]]ing, and [[reservoir]]s for fresh water.<ref name=tb/><br> ==Society== At its most powerful, the Aztec Empire controlled about 11,000,000 people. Among these people, there were different [[social class]]es with different [[social status]]es. The most important people were the rulers. Next were [[nobleman|nobles]]. These were the Empire's powerful members of the government; great warriors; judges; and priests.<ref name=soc>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancient.eu/article/845/ |title=Aztec Society |author=Cartwright, Mark |date=November 23, 2015 |website=Ancient History Encyclopedia |publisher=Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited |access-date=April 17, 2016 }}</ref> These people enjoyed a high social status.<ref name=td>{{cite web |url=http://tribaldirectory.com/information/aztec-indians.html |title=Aztec Indians |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Tribal Directory |access-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-date=March 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315001639/http://tribaldirectory.com/information/aztec-indians.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The next social class was the commoners (common people). These were the Empire's everyday workers. Most of them [[farmer|farmed]], ran stores, or traded. Commoners were allowed to own land as a group or a family. However, a single person was not allowed to own land.<ref name=td/> The lowest social classes in Aztec society were [[serfdom|serfs]] and then slaves. Slaves had no [[rights]] at all. However, if they had the money, they could buy their own freedom and become commoners.<ref name=td/> For most of the Aztec Empire's existence, it was very difficult to move between social classes. Usually, if a person was born in a social class, they would stay in that class for the rest of their life.<ref name=soc/> ===Education=== By age 15, all children in the Aztec Empire had to go to [[school]], no matter what social class they were in. This was very unusual for the time. In other places, like [[Europe]], only boys were allowed to go to school, and only rich people could pay to send their children to school.<ref>{{cite book |author=Parkerson, Donald H.|author2= Parkerson, Jo Ann |date=2010 |title=The American Teacher: Foundations of Education |publisher=Routledge |page=90 |isbn=978-1135892173}}</ref> Until they were 15, children were taught by their parents. Once they turned 15, all children had to go to school. For most boys, the most important part of going to school was to make them the best possible warriors for the Empire.<ref name=soc/> {{rquote|right|'''''Question:'' What [do] we enter in three places [and] leave by only one?'''<br><br>'''''Answer:''''' '''[O]ur [[shirt]].'''<br>'''{{ndash}} Example of an Aztec [[riddle]]''' <ref name=cath/>}} Children of commoners went to schools called ''telpochcalli'' ('youth houses'). Boys got military training, while girls were taught how to do religious [[ceremony|ceremonies]]. Both boys and girls were also taught about Aztec religion, [[wikt:morals|morals]], and history. They also learned singing, dancing, and [[public speaking]].<ref name=soc/> The nobles' children went to a school called a ''calmecac''. Its goal was to get the children ready for jobs as the Empire's leaders. These included jobs as military or government leaders; [[priest]]s; [[scholar]]s; [[teacher]]s; and [[medicine|healers]]. These schools taught about things like [[astronomy]], [[geometry]], [[mathematics]], [[debate]], [[law]], music, [[poetry]], architecture, [[agriculture]], and [[war]]. Boys had to eat and sleep at their schools. They usually started at age 15 and left around age 20 to get married. Girls could become [[priestess]]es or work in [[medicine]], [[obstetrics|helping other women]] [[childbirth|give birth]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Seaman, Rebecca M. |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Conflict in the Early Americas: An Encyclopedia of the Spanish Empire's Aztec, Incan, and Mayan Conquests |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=127-128 |isbn=978-1598847772}}</ref> ===Marriage=== When a young person was ready to get [[marriage|married]], their education would end. This usually happened in their late teenage years or early twenties. Especially with nobles, marriages were [[Arrainged marriage|arranged]]. This meant children's parents, or possibly other older people in the community, would choose who a person married. Many marriages among noble youth were arranged as a power [[wikt:strategy|strategy]] (for example, to unite an Aztec with a family from a state that was recently taken over).<ref name=art/> Marriage ceremonies lasted four days.<ref name=aguilar>{{cite book |author=Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel |date=2007 |title=Handbook to Life in the Aztec World |url=https://archive.org/details/handbooktolifein0000agui_g1k2 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbooktolifein0000agui_g1k2/page/352 352]-353 |isbn=978-0195330830}}</ref> Aztec men were allowed to have [[polygamy|other wives]] as well as [[concubinage|concubines]]. However, they were also expected to raise their sons, which was unusual for [[Ancient history|ancient]] societies (where women usually did all of the child-raising).<ref name=aguilar/> Aztec society also gave women rights that few other societies gave at the time. Even after marrying, an Aztec woman's [[property]] and money were still her own; they did not go to her husband. Women were also allowed to work in [[medicine]], [[education]], religion, and trade.<ref name=soc/> ===Morals=== The Aztecs had strict rules and [[punishment]]s for people who broke Aztec [[wikt:morals|morals]]. For example, things like disorderly conduct (causing trouble in public) and [[drunkenness]], could be [[punishment|punished]] by [[execution]].<ref name=td/> <br><br> <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Aztec high lords bottom.png|Aztec 'high lords', who were in the top [[social class]] File:Pochtecas con su carga.JPG|[[Merchant]]s, members of "the commoners," carry things they want to sell a long way away File:Field Topographic properties Aztec Glyphs Codex Asunción Codex Humboldt Codex Vergara Codex Xolotl.png|Example of Aztec writing, which parents taught their children{{efn|According to Aztec codices: Figure A means ''Atoctli'' ([[wikt:sediment|sediment]] by water); Figure B means ''Tlacotli'' ([[wikt:expensive|expensive]]); Figure C means ''Ixpouhqui'' ([[wikt:wither|withered]]); Figure D means ''Xalteyo'' ([[sand]]y); Figure E means ''Tlacemolotlalli'' ([[wikt:inherit|inherited]] land); Figure F means ''Petlauhtl'' (uncovered); Figure G means ''Ocotla'' ([[pine tree|pine]] wood); Figure H means ''Zacatl'' ([[grass]]) and Figure I means ''Teuhtli'' ([[dust]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Nahuas after the conquest: a social and cultural history of the Indians of central Mexico, sixteenth through eighteenth centuries |url=https://archive.org/details/nahuasafterconqu0000lock |last=Lockhart |first=James |year=1992 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8047-2317-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/nahuasafterconqu0000lock/page/578 578] }}</ref>}} File:Napis w nahuatl.JPG|Example of the [[Nahuatl|Aztec language]] written in [[Roman letter|the European alphabet]] File:Acolhua-mexica aztec measuring symbols yollotli xocpalli íztetl macpalli Codex Vergara and Codex Santa María Asunción.JPG|Aztec [[symbol]]s used for [[measurement|measuring]] File:Two Teponaztli.jpg|Drums were important in Aztec society. These two Aztec drums are now in a [[museum]] </gallery></div> ==Military== All adult men in the Empire had to be in the Aztec military. Men from states that had alliances with the Aztecs also fought in the Aztec military. So did some men from states that the Aztecs had taken over. Because of this, the Aztec military was large and powerful. <ref name=civ>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancient.eu/Aztec_Civilization/ |title=Aztec Civilization |author=Cartwright, Mark |date=February 26, 2014 |website=Ancient History Encyclopedia |publisher=Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited |access-date=April 17, 2016 }}</ref> At this time, most [[battle]]s were fought in big cities. If an army took over one of a state's biggest cities, it was then allowed to take control over all the land around those cities.<ref name=civ/> Aztec warriors protected themselves with thick [[cotton]] [[armour]]. They also had [[shield]]s made of wood or [[reed (plant)|reed]]s, and covered in dried animal skins.<ref name="handbook112">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology|author=Nichols, Deborah L.|last2=Pool, Christopher A.|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0199996346|pages=112–115}}</ref> For weapons, warriors had a few choices:<ref name=handbook112/> * ''Macuahuitl:'' A very sharp [[sword]], with a point made of [[obsidian]], which can be sharpened like [[glass]]. This sword could also be used as a [[club (weapon)|club]] * ''Atlatl:'' A weapon used to throw [[spear]]s or [[wikt:dart|darts]] * [[Bow and arrow|Bows and arrows]] <br> <br> <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Codex Mendoza folio 67r bottom.jpg|Aztec drawing of warriors and their weapons File:Jaguar warrior.jpg|Aztec drawing of a Jaguar warrior, one of their best warriors File:Aztec Warriors (Florentine Codex).jpg|Eagle (left) and Jaguar warriors with ''macuahuitl'' File:Macuahuitl.png|Drawing of a ''macuahuitl.'' The black parts would be sharpened like cut glass File:NHM - Homo sapiens Modell 1.jpg|Example of an ''atlatl'' </gallery></div> ==Religion== [[File:The Temple to the Aztec God Huitzilopochtli WDL6752.png|thumb|350px|[[Painting]] of Tlaloc (left) and Huizilopochtli in their temple, with the [[skull]]s of the people the Aztecs [[human sacrifice|sacrificed]] to these gods{{efn|This painting was probably done in the [[16th century]] by a Mexican [[Jesuit]] named Juan de Tovar. It is from a famous book he wrote about the Aztecs that historians call the Tovar Codex.}}]] The Aztecs were [[Polytheism|polytheistic]], meaning they believed in many different gods. Two of the most important gods they [[worship]]ped were ''Huitzilopochtli'', the god of [[war]] and the [[sun]], and ''Tlaloc'', the [[rain]] god.<ref name=civ/> The Aztecs set up temples specifically to honor these gods at the top of the pyramid in Tenochtitlan. However, they also worshipped hundreds of other gods. Each one controlled some part of human life (like ''Quetzalcoatl'', the god of learning and [[civilization]]), or some part of [[nature]] (like ''Zipe Totec'', the god of springtime and regrowth).<ref name=ind>{{cite web |url=http://www.indians.org/welker/aztec.htm |title=The Aztecs/Mexicas |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2015 |publisher=The American Indian Heritage Foundation |access-date=April 17, 2016 }}</ref> In the Aztecs' religion, the sun was very important. The Aztecs believed that the world went through five stages, and each had its own sun. At the end of each stage, the gods would [[wikt:destroy|destroy]] the world and create a new one {{ndash}} but only four times. They thought they were living in the fifth and last stage, and that the gods could decide to destroy the world at any minute.<ref name=cath>{{cite book |author=Brodd, Jeffrey |date=2009 |title=World Religions: A Voyage of Discovery |url=https://archive.org/details/worldreligions2000jeff|publisher=Saint Mary’s Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldreligions2000jeff/page/32 32]-36 |isbn=978-0884899976}}</ref> ===Keeping the gods happy=== The Aztecs did many things to try to honor the gods and keep them happy. For example, they threw [[festival]]s, had [[banquet]]s, made statues, and buried [[wikt:valuable|valuable]] items, all as offerings to the gods. They did [[penance]], like [[Bloodletting|cutting themselves and letting blood run out]], to try to get the gods to [[forgiveness|forgive]] them for whatever they might have done wrong. They did ritual sacrifice of animals (killing the animals as part of a religious [[ritual]]).<ref name=civ/> Like many other [[Ancient history|ancient]] civilizations, the Aztecs also [[Human sacrifice|sacrificed human beings]] to the gods.{{efn|Historian William Marder says: "Human and animal sacrifices were practiced throughout the world ... for example[, by] the [[Ireland|Irish]] [[Celts]], the [[Gaul]]s, the [[Scandinavia]]ns, the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]], the [[Phoenicia]]ns, the [[Moab]]ites, the [[Ammon]]ites ... the [[Israelites]] ... [in] the Mesoamerican societies of the Aztecs, the [[Maya civilization|Mayans]] and [[Olmec]] ... [and in] that same [[era]], the [[Assyria]]ns."<ref name=marder/>}}<ref name="marder">{{cite book|title=Indians in the Americas|author=Marder, William|date=2005|publisher=Book Tree|isbn=978-1585091041|editor=Paul Tice|page=16-17}}</ref> As Mesoamerican [[scholar]] Mark Cartwright explains:<ref name=civ/> {{cquote|Humans, both adults and less often children, were also frequently sacrificed to [[metaphor]]ically 'feed' the gods and keep them happy [so they would not] become angry and make life difficult for humans by sending storms, [[drought]]s, etc., or even just to keep the sun appearing every day. Victims were usually taken from the losing side in wars.}} The Aztecs sacrificed people in three different ways:<ref name=cath/> * Taking out their [[heart]] * [[Decapitation|Cutting off their head]] * Making them fight against many of the Aztecs' best warriors until they were killed <br> <br> <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Xolotl muz.jpg|Aztec [[statue]] of Xolotl, a god of [[lightning]] and [[death]] File:Kodeks_borbonic.jpg#/media/File:Kodeks_borbonic.jpg|Aztec drawing of Xolotl. The [[knife]] in his mouth is a [[symbol]] of death File:Tzitzimitl.jpg|Aztec drawing of a Tzitzimitl, a [[goddess]] of [[star]]s and protector of women File:Young man offered to Tezcatlipoca Huitzilopochtli Toxcatl. Spanish report by Sahagún.jpg|Spanish drawing of a human sacrifice File:Piedra de Tizoc en el Museo Nacional 1900.JPG|The Stone of Tizoc, where the Aztecs may have put people's hearts after they were sacrificed File:The Fight Between the Sacrifice and He Who Sacrifices WDL6757.png|A man (left) is sacrificed by an Aztec warrior (painting from the Tovar Codex) </gallery></div> ==Culture== {{cquote|[The Aztec] Empire was created by a culture of war. Boys were taught from an early age to be warriors ... Girls were prepared for the battle of [[childbirth]]. Women who died [while giving birth] became [[goddess]]es, [going with] the sun around the sky each day from [[noon]] until [[sunset]].}} However, there were many parts to the Aztec culture. They studied [[astrology]] and used the movements of the [[planet]]s and the [[star]]s to create different [[calendar]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mesolore.org/tutorials/learn/13/Keeping-Time |title=Keeping Time |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=Explore Mesolore |publisher=Prolarti Enterprise, LLC and [[Brown University]] |access-date=April 17, 2016 |archive-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402003600/http://www.mesolore.org/tutorials/learn/13/Keeping-Time |url-status=dead }}</ref> They understood and taught things like mathematics and poetry. They had a [[wikt:complex|complex]] view of religion, the [[universe]], and many other things.<ref name=cath/> ===Art and architecture=== Aztec culture respected and [[wikt:appreciate|appreciated]] art. They collected pieces of art from all over their Empire to decorate Tenochtitlan. They also formed [[guild]]s of [[artisan]]s {{ndash}} people who specialized in making certain kinds of art. They made [[painting]]s, [[pottery]], carvings, and many other things. They used all sorts of materials, including [[gold]], [[silver]], [[amethyst]], wood, and stone. Huge stone sculptures were a popular type of art. Aztec artists made their pyramid and other stone buildings into art too, by [[wikt:carving|carving]] into them.<ref name=civ/> The Aztecs used [[symbolism]] in their art. They even used art as [[propaganda]]. For example, when they took over a state, they would build temples and statues with Aztec [[symbol]]s on them. They also used paintings that showed Aztec rulers as being close to the gods, doing what the gods wanted them to do. This art spread Aztec religion and culture, and also reminded states that had been taken over just how powerful the Aztec Empire was.<ref name=civ/> <br> <br> <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Stone engraving of the 4 life circles.jpg|An [[engraving]] that [[symbolism|represented]] the four circles of life File:The Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel WDL6760.png|Aztec calendar wheel from about 1545-1546 File:The Tzompantli.jpg|Aztec carving of a "wall of skulls," carved into a stone building File:AztecSerpent 2.JPG|Aztec carving of a [[snake]], made in wood and covered with [[turquoise]] File:Wall painting of the aztec God Quetzalcoatl.JPG|A wall painting of ''Quetzalcoatl'' </gallery></div> [[File:Conquista-de-México-por-Cortés-Tenochtitlan-Painting.png|thumb|350px|The Spanish invade Tenochtitlan]] ==End of the Empire== {{Main|Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire}} From 1519-1521, Spanish conquistadors, led by [[Hernán Cortés]], defeated the Aztec Empire. They made the Empire into a [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] [[colony]] which they called [[New Spain]].<ref name="som">{{cite book |author= Somervill, Barbara A. |date=2009 |title= Empire of the Aztecs |url= https://archive.org/details/empireofaztecs0000some |publisher=Infobase Publishing |page=[https://archive.org/details/empireofaztecs0000some/page/63 63]-69 |isbn=978-1-604-13149-9}}</ref> Originally, things between the Spanish and the Aztecs were friendly.<ref name="art">{{cite book|title=Sources and Methods for the Study of Postconquest Mesoamerican Ethnohistory, Provisional Version|last=Kranz|first=Travis Barton|publisher=University of Oregon|editor=James Lockhart|chapter=Sixteenth-Centiry Tlaxcalan Pictorial Documents on the Conquest of Mexico|editor-last2=Lisa Sousa|editor-last3=Stephanie Wood}}</ref> However, soon, while Cortés was away, Spanish [[soldier]]s attacked and killed many Aztecs during a [[festival]]. The Aztecs fought back, and they killed two out of every three Spanish soldiers. The conquistadors left Tenochtitlan.<ref name="som" /> Ten months later, Cortés came back to Tenochtitlan with more [[soldier]]s. They started a [[siege]] of Tenochtitlan, so that no food or supplies could get in. After 91 days, without any food, and with [[disease]] throughout the city, the new emperor Cuauhtemoc finally [[Surrender (military)|surrendered]] to the Spanish on August 13, 1521. The Spanish destroyed Tenochtitlan. The Aztec Empire had ended.<ref name="som" /> <br> <div align=center><gallery perrow="6"> File:Cortez & La Malinche.jpg|Aztec drawing of Cortés's first meeting with Motecuhzoma II File:Matanza templo2.jpg|Aztec drawing of the Spanish [[mass murder|massacring]] them in the Great Temple File:Antoni Gómez i Cros - Hernan Cortés lluita amb dos indis - 876.jpg|Spanish painting of Cortés killing Aztecs File:ROHM D237 Conquistadors exhort their supporters.jpg|Conquistadors' [[metal]] [[armor]], better weapons, and [[horse]]s helped them beat the Aztecs File:LastDaysofTenochtitlanB.jpg|"The Last Days of Tenochtitlan" (1899 painting) File:Tlaxcala - Palacio de Gobierno - Brennende Tempel.jpg|Painting of Aztec temples burning after the Spanish took over </gallery></div> ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:14th-century establishments in North America]] [[Category:1520s disestablishments]] [[Category:Aztec]] [[Category:History of Mexico]] [[Category:Former empires]] [[Category:1340s establishments]] [[Category:Former monarchies of North America]] 09s5m6lb6khhwughnhidtz154utqxj1 0 285101 10882710 10875235 2026-06-09T22:39:50Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox movie | name = Unstoppable | image = A.J. Verel Behind the Scenes 2.jpg | caption = | director = [[Tony Scott]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * Julie Yorn * Tony Scott * [[Mimi Rogers]] * Eric McLeod * Alex Young }} | writer = Mark Bomback | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Denzel Washington]] * [[Chris Pine]] * [[Rosario Dawson]] }} | music = [[Harry Gregson-Williams]] | cinematography = Ben Seresin | editing = Chris Lebenzon<br/>Robert Duffy | studio = {{Plainlist| * Dune Entertainment * [[Scott Free Productions]] * Prospect Park * Millbrook Farm Productions<ref>{{cite news|url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/401469/Unstoppable/credits|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407231442/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/401469/Unstoppable/credits|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 7, 2008|access-date=November 14, 2010|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2008|title=Unstoppable – Production Credits}}</ref><!-- All Media Group --> }} | distributor = [[20th Century Fox]] | released = {{Film date|2010|10|26|Westwood|2010|11|12|United States}} | runtime = 98 minutes<ref name=AFI/> | country = United States<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lumiere.obs.coe.int/web/film_info/?id=34931|title=Film: Unstoppable|website=lumiere.obs.coe.int}}</ref><ref name=AFI>{{Cite web|title=AFI{{!}}Catalog - Unstoppable|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/66618-UNSTOPPABLE?sid=4cab0171-c011-4d9b-b902-fb27c6bb7833&sr=10.699081&cp=1&pos=0|access-date=2021-08-03|website=catalog.afi.com|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/entertainment/movies/andrew_ohehir/2010/11/10/unstoppable|access-date=November 14, 2010|work=[[Salon.com]]|title="Unstoppable": Denzel wrestles runaway train, saves American manhood|date=November 11, 2010 }}</ref> | language = English | budget = $85–100 million<ref name="LATimes">{{cite news|date=November 11, 2010|title=Movie Projector: 'Unstoppable' seeks to derail 'Megamind' as 'Morning Glory' looks dim|work=Los Angeles Times|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2010/11/movie-projector-unstoppable-seeks-to-derail-megamind-as-morning-glory-looks-dim.html|quote=One person close to the production said "Unstoppable" cost about $100 million after the benefit of tax credits, though another person close to Fox said the final budget was closer to $85 million.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2010/USTOP.php|title=Unstoppable – Box Office Data, Movie News, Cast Information|work=The Numbers|publisher=Nash Information Services|access-date=2010-12-13|archive-date=2014-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722091350/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2010/USTOP.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BoxOfficeMojo">{{cite web|title=Unstoppable (2010)|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3581314561/|access-date=December 9, 2010|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> | gross = $167.8 million<ref name="BoxOfficeMojo"/> }} '''''Unstoppable''''' is a 2010 American [[action movie|action]] [[thriller movie]]. It was produced and directed by [[Tony Scott]]. It was final film directed by Tony Scott before his death in 2012. The movie was released on November 12, 2010. The movie received positive reviews with a 86% on [[Rotten Tomatoes]] which is certified fresh and is also rated as a 69% by [[Metacritic]]. == Cast == *[[Denzel Washington]] as Frank Barnes *[[Chris Pine]] as Will Colson *[[Rosario Dawson]] as Connie Hooper *[[Ethan Suplee]] as Dewey *[[Kevin Dunn]] as Oscar Galvin *[[Kevin Corrigan]] as Scott Werner *[[Lew Temple]] as Ned Oldham *[[T. J. Miller|T.J. Miller]] as Gilleece *[[Jessy Schram]] as Darcy Colson *[[David Warshofsky]] as Judd Stewart *[[Meagan Tandy]] as Maya Barnes *[[Elizabeth Mathis]] as Nicole Barnes *[[Ryan Ahern]] as Ryan Scott == Other websites == *[http://www.unstoppablemovie.com/ Unstoppable's Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201104116/http://www.unstoppablemovie.com/ |date=2011-02-01 }} * {{IMDb title|0477080|Unstoppable}} * {{Allmovie title|490590|Unstoppable}} [[Category:2010 action movies]] [[Category:2010 thriller movies]] [[Category:2010s action thriller movies]] [[Category:American action thriller movies]] [[Category:Spanish action movies]] [[Category:Spanish thriller movies]] [[Category:2010s English-language movies]] [[Category:20th Century Fox movies]] [[Category:Movies directed by Tony Scott]] [[Category:Movies set in Pittsburgh]] [[Category:Movies set on trains]] {{movie-stub}} suh2kp6bl3gfc3hjo3490n12vgfv20p 0 294879 10882792 10794630 2026-06-10T00:56:07Z Freakydentist411 1787214 /* Minor Characters */ 10882792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox book series|name=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|number_of_books=20 (one book unreleased)|author=Jeff Kinney|country=United States|language=English|genre=Children's comedy|publisher=Amulet Books / Puffin Books|english_pub_date=April 1, 2007 - present|image=[[File:Diary of a Wimpy Kid logo.png|Diary of a Wimpy Kid logo]]|books=[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Third Wheel]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Getaway]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Meltdown]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Wrecking Ball]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Deep End]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Big Shot]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Diper Överlöde]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: No Brainer]]<br />[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hot Mess]] Diary of a Wimpy Kid :Partypooper}} '''''Diary of a Wimpy Kid''''' is an ongoing [[series]] of [[book]]s written by [[Jeff Kinney]]. There are twenty books in the main series (excluding an unreleased book). The series is about a [[middle school]] student named Greg Heffley. The books are written in the style of Greg's [[diary]]. They contain many drawings, all with no color. These books are about Gregory Heffley, who is most commonly known as Greg. He struggles with [[middle school]] and family life. Greg has one close friend named Rowley Jefferson. He goes to [[public school]] where he has multiple crushes including Holly Hills, known as Piper Elizabeth Mattews in the online version. The series is very successful, leading to many movie adaptations and popularity among children aged eight to twelve. ==Main Characters== *'''Greg Heffley''' is a middle school student who wants to be popular. He gets upset when things don't usually go his way. He is addicted to [[Video game|video games]]. *'''Rodrick Heffley''' is Greg's older brother. He is a [[teenager]], later on an [[adult]] who likes [[heavy metal music]]. Rodrick plays the [[drums]] in his [[band]], [[Löded Diper]]. *'''Manny Heffley''' is Greg's younger brother. Greg thinks that his parents like Manny more than him and Rodrick. Manny’s parents spoil (do good things for) him. *'''Frank Heffley''' is Greg's father. He thinks Greg is weak. Frank wants Greg to stop playing [[video game]]s and rather play sports instead. *'''Susan Heffley''' is Greg's mother. She is nice, but does not know very much about things that Greg and Rodrick like. She has a slight dislike to [[technology]] and [[smartphone]]s. *'''Rowley Jefferson''' is Greg's best friend. Greg sees Rowley as immature and childish because he acts younger than he actually is. Rowley has also made journals (he was inspired by his best friend Greg). His journal is about his and Greg's middle school life and their ordinary lives. == Minor Characters == * '''Holly Hills''' is a popular girl at Greg's school. Greg has a crush on her in the early books but it seems like she doesn't like him back. She has a larger role in the movies. * '''Chirag Gupta''' is a student at Greg's school who Greg was friends with. After Chirag moves away but returns not long after, Greg makes the rest of the school pretend that Chirag is invisible. Greg apologizes, and Chirag forgives him. * '''Fregley''' is an annoying character who lives in Greg’s neighborhood. Greg doesn't like Fregley and once crawled through a [[sewer]] to avoid passing by his house. Greg has reason to dislike Fregley because he often does strange and disgusting actions. Fregley appears in nine of the books, but lately has not been mentioned. * '''Patty Farrell''' is another student at Greg's school. She is disliked by everyone in the class because she is very rude to everyone else. In the movies, she is portrayed as Greg's enemy. * '''Nasty Pants''' is a 5-year-old character who does not like guests in his house. He is known to [[Bullying|bully]] Greg and Rowley whenever they walk in his [[Neighbourhood|neighborhood]]. He appears in Cabin Fever and Wrecking Ball. * '''Mackie''' is one of Rodrick's friends and is a former member of Löded Diper. He got accepted in a school for robotics and appears in Diper Överlöde. * '''Drew''' is one of Rodrick's friends, and is a former member of Löded Diper. Drew has an older brother who works at the Deli Counter and lets the band play a song over the speakers. The song only played for thirty seconds before the manager turned it and fired Drew’s brother. He appears in Diper Överlöde. * '''Bill Walter''' is the main [[singer]] of Löded Diper. He is the only member of Rodrick’s band to not be in [[high school]]. In high school, Bill was voted to be “Most Likely to become a Rock Star”, and this is why Rodrick invited him to join his band. Bill appears in five of the books, and was a major character in Diper Överlöde. * '''Christopher Brownfield''' is one of Greg's friends and is shown to attract lots of [[mosquito|mosquitos]] while hanging out with Greg in the [[summer]]. However, Greg does not see him as a close friend because he is "not a school-year friend". Later in "The Ugly Truth", he is on Greg's team for a game and hides behind a soda machine after the teachers told them they would call all of their parents. ==Books== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid Books !Number in series !Name !Published |- |1 |Diary of a Wimpy Kid |April 1, 2007 |- |2 |Rodrick Rules |February 1, 2008 |- |3 |The Last Straw |January 1, 2009 |- |4 |Dog Days |October 12, 2009 |- |5 |The Ugly Truth |November 9, 2010 |- |6 |Cabin Fever |November 15, 2011 |- |7 |The Third Wheel |November 13, 2012 |- |8 |Hard Luck |November 5, 2013 |- |9 |The Long Haul |November 4, 2014 |- |10 |Old School |November 3, 2015 |- |11 |Double Down |November 1, 2016 |- |12 |The Getaway |November 7, 2017 |- |13 |The Meltdown |October 30, 2018 |- |14 |Wrecking Ball |November 5, 2019 |- |15 |The Deep End |October 27, 2020 |- |16 |Big Shot |October 26, 2021 |- |17 |Diper Överlöde |October 25, 2022 |- |18 |No Brainer |October 24, 2023 |- |19 |Hot Mess |October 22, 2024 |- |20 |Partypooper |October 21, 2025 |- |21 |Fight or Flight |October 20, 2026 |}A book called ''Diary of an Awesome Friendly Kid: Rowley Jefferson's Journal'' was released.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diary of an Awesome Friendly Kid: Rowley Jefferson's Journal · Books · Wimpy Kid · Official|url=https://wimpykid.com/books/diary-of-an-awesome-friendly-kid-rowley-jeffersons-journal/|access-date=2023-10-20|website=Wimpy Kid|language=en}}</ref> It is a book that follows the perspective of Greg's best friend, Rowley. In 2020, another Rowley book called ''Rowley Jefferson's Awesome Friendly Adventure'' was published.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rowley Jefferson's Awesome Friendly Adventure · Books · Wimpy Kid · Official|url=https://wimpykid.com/books/rowley-jeffersons-awesome-friendly-adventure/|access-date=2023-10-20|website=Wimpy Kid|language=en}}</ref> And in 2021, one last Rowley book was published and it was called ''Rowley Jefferson's Awesome Friendly Spooky Stories''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rowley Jefferson's Awesome Friendly Spooky Stories · Books · Wimpy Kid · Official|url=https://wimpykid.com/books/rowley-jeffersons-awesome-friendly-spooky-stories/|access-date=2023-10-20|website=Wimpy Kid|language=en}}</ref> ==Movies== The series has seven movies, each story is from the book of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid, the Movie · Wimpy Kid · Official|url=https://wimpykid.com/movies/|access-date=2023-10-20|website=Wimpy Kid|language=en}}</ref> 4 live-action movies were released by [[20th Century Fox]]. After Disney acquired Fox, 3 [[Animated movie|animated movies]] that are the reboots of Diary of a Wimpy Kid and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules were released on Disney+, the first on December 3, 2021 and the second on December 2, 2022. A third animated movie based on Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever was released on December 8, 2023. ===Live action movies=== *''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (movie)| Diary of a Wimpy Kid]]'' (2010) *''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules]]'' (2011) *''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days]]'' (2012) *''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul]]'' (2017) ===CGI / Animated Movies=== *[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2021 movie)|''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'']] (2021) *''[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2022 movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules]]'' (2022) *''Diary of a Wimpy Kid Christmas: Cabin Fever'' (2023) *Diary of a Wimpy Kid :The Last Straw == References == <references /> [[Category:Diary of a Wimpy Kid| ]] rysz8ab3974ugj83leddjqqj4vj4ivq 0 295440 10883090 10874705 2026-06-10T11:21:44Z Werner100359 106408 10883090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league | logo = | pixels = | country = {{AUT}} | confed = [[UEFA]] | founded = 1973 | divisions = 1 | teams = 10 | relegation = [[2. Frauenliga]] | levels = 1 | domest_cup = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup]] | confed_cup = [[UEFA Women's Champions League|UEFA Champions League]] | champions = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)]] | season = 2024-25 | most successful club = [[USC Landhaus Wien]]<br />[[SV Neulengbach|USV Neulengbach]] (12 titles each) | website = [https://www.oefb.at/oefb/Ligen-Bewerbe/Frauen/Planet-Pure-Frauen-Bundesliga oefb.at] | current = }}The '''ÖFB-Frauenliga (official name:Admiral Frauen Bundesliga)''' (German for ÖFB Women's League) is the highest level of Women soccer in Austria. The most successful team was USC Landhaus Wien with 12 titels, in the last years SV Neulengbach was the best club in Austria winning all titels from 2003/04 on. SKN St. Pölten dominated the women's league from the 2014-15 season onwards. FK Austria Wien ended their dominance in the 2025-26 season. ==History== Women football was played in Austria actually before the Second World War. In 1936, the first championship was organized by the ''Österreichische Damenfußball-Union'' (Austrian Ladies Soccer Union) with 9 teams from the Vienna area. But after the occupation of [[Austria]] by Nazi Germany it was suppressed. This continued till the end of the 1960s. In 1968 USC Landhaus Wien was one of the first women soccer clubs in Autria. In 1972 the first women championship after the war was organized by the Vienna Football Union. 1980 the first pure women soccer club (Union Kleinmünchen from Upper Austria) was founded. In 1982, the ÖFB organized the championship for the first time. Actually 334 teams are playing in 5 divisions. Also the number of players increased from 7 000 (2008) to around 17 000. Planet Pure, a cleaning supplies manufacturer from Vorarlberg, is the first official sponsor of the league. It has been replaced by Admiral, a sports betting provider. The official name is now Admiral Frauen Bundesliga. Since 2002, the Austrian Champion plays in the [[Union of European Football Associations|UEFA]] Women’s Cup. == Current Teams 2025-26 Season<ref>[https://www.oefb.at/oefb/Bewerbe/Frauen/ADMIRAL-Frauen-Bundesliga ÖFB Admiral Frauen-Bundesliga]</ref> == *[[FK Austria Wien (women)]] Women * [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten Women]] * [[FFC Vorderland|SCR Altach]] Women * [[SK Sturm Graz (women)|SK Sturm Graz Women]] *[[FC Red Bull Salzburg#FC Red Bull Salzburg (women)|FC Red Bull Salzburg]] Women *[[LASK]] Women *[[First Vienna FC (women)|First Vienna FC]] Women *[[SV Neulengbach|USV Neulengbach]] *[[Union Kleinmünchen|SPG Union Kleinmünchen/Blau-Weiß Linz]] *[[FC Südburgenland|SpG Südburgenland/TSV Hartberg]] == List of champions == The list of champions:<ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oost-womchamp.html RSSSF.com]; Austria - List of Women Champions</ref> {| class="prettytable" |- bgcolor="#EFEFEF" ! Season ! Champion ! Runner-up |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1972/73 | Favoritner AC | [[USC Landhaus Wien]] |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1973/74 | USC Landhaus Wien | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1974/75 | KSV Ankerbrot Wien | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1975/76 | USC Landhaus Wien | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1976/77 | SV Elektra Wien | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1977/88 | USC Landhaus Wien | SV Elektra Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1978/79 | SV Elektra Wien | ESV Ostbahn IX Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1979/80 | SV Elektra Wien | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1980/81 | USC Landhaus Wien | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1981/82 | USC Landhaus Wien | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1982/83 | USC Landhaus Wien | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1983/84 | SV Aspern | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1984/85 | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1985/86 | 1. DFC Leoben | DFC LUV Graz |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1986/87 | 1. DFC Leoben | [[Union Kleinmünchen]] |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1987/88 | USC Landhaus Wien | Union Kleinmünchen |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1988/89 | USC Landhaus Wien | Union Kleinmünchen |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1989/90 | Union Kleinmünchen | DFC Brunn am Gebirge |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1990/91 | Union Kleinmünchen | ESV Ostbahn XI Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1991/92 | Union Kleinmünchen | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1992/93 | Union Kleinmünchen | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1993/94 | Union Kleinmünchen | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1994/95 | USC Landhaus Wien | Union Kleinmünchen |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1995/96 | Union Kleinmünchen | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1996/97 | USC Landhaus Wien | Union Kleinmünchen |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1997/98 | Union Kleinmünchen | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1998/99 | Union Kleinmünchen | [[SV Neulengbach]] |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 1999/00 | USC Landhaus Wien | Union Kleinmünchen |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2000/01 | USC Landhaus Wien | SV Neulengbach |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2001/02 | Innsbrucker AC | SV Neulengbach |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2002/03 | [[SV Neulengbach]] | Innsbrucker AC |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2003/04 | SV Neulengbach | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2004/05 | SV Neulengbach | Union Kleinmünchen |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2005/06 | SV Neulengbach | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" ! 2006/07 | SV Neulengbach | DFC LUV Graz |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2007/08 | SV Neulengbach | [[Fußballclub Wacker Innsbruck|FC Wacker Innsbruck]] |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2008/09 | SV Neulengbach | FC Wacker Innsbruck |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2009/10 | SV Neulengbach | FC Wacker Innsbruck |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2010/11 | SV Neulengbach | FC Südburgenland |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2011/12 | SV Neulengbach | ASV Spratzern |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2012/13 | SV Neulengbach | ASV Spratzern |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2013/14 | SV Neulengbach | FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2014/15 | FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern | SV Neulengbach |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2015/16 | FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern | SK Sturm Graz Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2016/17 | SKN St. Pölten Women | SK Sturm Graz Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2017/18 | SKN St. Pölten Women | USC Landhaus Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2018/19 | SKN St. Pölten Women | SK Sturm Graz Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2019/20 | competition abandoned COVID | |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2020/21 | SKN St. Pölten Women | USC Landhaus/Austria Wien |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2021/22 | SKN St. Pölten Women | SK Sturm Graz Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2022/23 | SKN St. Pölten Women | SK Sturm Graz Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2023/24 | SKN St. Pölten Women | First Vienna FC Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2024/25 | SKN St. Pölten Women | FK Austria Wien Women |- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="#ffffff" !2025/26 |FK Austria Wien Women | SKN St. Pölten Women |} {{Clear}} == Champions == *[[USC Landhaus Wien]] (1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001) *[[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] (includes FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern): (2015, 2016, 2017,2018,2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025) *[[Union Kleinmünchen Linz|Union Kleinmünchen]] (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999) * [[SV Neulengbach|USV Neulengbach]] (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) * [[FS Elektra Wien]] (1977, 1979, 1980) * [[1. DFC Leoben]] (1976, 1987) * [[Favoritner AC Wien]] (1973) * [[KSV Ankerbrot Wien]] (1975) * [[SV Aspern]] (1984) * [[ESV Ostbahn XI Wien]] (1985) * [[Innsbrucker AC]] (2002) ==Records == *'''Highest win''' 23 April 2023 SCR Altach/[[FFC Vorderland]] versus SKV Altenmarkt 18ː0 *'''Highest number of goals''' 23 April 2023 SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland versus SKV Altenmarkt 18 *'''Highest attendance''' 20 May 2022 Sturm Graz versus [[ SV Neulengbach|USV Neulengbach]] 3:2 1704 *'''Matches''' Susanna Koch-Lefevre [[FC Südburgenland]] 257 *'''Goals''' [[Nina Burger]] SV Neulengbach 216 <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/nestat/nestat.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> {{Association football in Austria}} ==References== <references/> ==Other websites== *[http://www.oefb.at/oefb-frauenliga-pid577 ÖFB Official Homepage (German)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802073038/http://www.oefb.at/oefb-frauenliga-pid577 |date=2013-08-02 }} *[http://www.frauenfussball.at/ Homepage Union Kleinmünchen with results and tables] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ofb-Frauenliga}} [[Category:Women's football in Austria]] qvszhyj0bz8m9j69b5trwpd3kcypd7w 0 295479 10882726 10851765 2026-06-09T23:02:53Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882726 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Ustaše''' (also called '''Ustashas''' or '''Ustashi'''{{cn|date=March 2025}}) was a [[Croatia|Croatian]] [[independence]] [[Hate group|movement]]. It engaged in [[Terrorism|terrorist]] activities before [[World War II]].<ref>Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat, pages 19-27</ref> Loosely associated with [[Fascism|Fascist]] [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italy]] and [[Nazi Germany]], the Ustaše ruled an independent Croatian state, after [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] was occupied by Italy and Germany.<ref name="A"> * {{cite web |website=[[Britannica]] |title=Ustaša {{!}} Fascist Regime, Genocide & War Crimes |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ustasa |access-date=November 20, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa - Seria Istorie |title=The Nationalist Ideology and Genocidal Policies of the Ustaša Movement |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=216650 |last1=Stan |first1=Florin |last2=Poliec |first2=Mihai |year=2011 |issue=8 |pages=110–120 |publisher=Ovidius University Press |language=en |access-date=November 20, 2024}} * {{cite book |title=Croatia Under Ante Pavelic: America, the Ustase and Croatian Genocide in World War II (International Library of Twentieth Century History, 73) |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9781780767123/Croatia-Under-Pavelic-America-Ustase-1780767129/plp |last=McCormick |first=Robert B. |year=2014 |isbn=9781780767123 |access-date=November 20, 2024}}</ref> At the end of [[World War II]], much of the Ustaše was disbanded as result of the [[Partisan|partisans]]. However factions still existed, new groups were also formed such as the Crusaders (Križari).{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} ==Founding== [[Croatia|Croatian]] [[politician]] Stjepan Radić was shot in October 1928 and died a month later. Alexander I, King of Yugoslavia, imposed a royal [[dictatorship]] in January 1929 and made all [[Political party|political parties]] illegal. [[Ante Pavelić]] left the country for [[Vienna]]. He and Gustav Perčec, a former [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] [[Lieutenant colonel]], established contact with an organization of [[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonian]] political émigré. These two groups agreed to coordinate their political activities for achieving full independence for Macedonia and Croatia.<ref name="A" /> Pavelić secretly met with the leader of outlawed Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, Ivan Mikhailov, a declared enemy of Yugoslavia, and agreed with him to cooperate against the Yugoslav state. The Court for the Preservation of the State in [[Belgrade]] sentenced Pavelić and Perčec [[Death penalty|to death]] on 17 July 1929.<ref>War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: occupation and collaboration by Jozo Tomasevich Stanford University Press, 2001 page 33</ref> The [[Exile|exiles]] started organizing support for their cause among the Croatian emigration in [[Europe]], [[North America]], and [[South America]]. The Ustaše organization was small in numbers and was organized in military patterns. They fought Yugoslav statehood by means of terror.<ref>Battling terrorism: legal perspectives on the use of force and the war on terror by Jackson Nyamuya Maogoto, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2005 page 26</ref><ref name="A" /> ==Ideology== [[File:Flag of Croatia Ustasa.svg|thumb|The Ustaše flag of their [[Independent State of Croatia]] (1941-1945)]] The roots of the Ustaše [[ideology]] were in the Croatian [[nationalism]] of the nineteenth century. The Ustaše ideological system was chiefly based on the traditional pure Croatian nationalism of [[Ante Starčević]]. About it, W. Safran wrote<ref>The secular and the sacred: nation, religion and politics by William Safran, Taylor & Francis, 2003, page 168</ref><blockquote>But another vision of Croatian identity that was closely tied to the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Holy See|Vatican]] and was led by an ex-[[Seminary|seminarist]] Ante Starcevic became the ideological precursor to the Ustase. Starcevic and his followers emphasized the high achievements of Western Catholic, Croatian [[culture]], while [[Serbia]]n culture was depicted as oriental and inferior.</blockquote> ===Racism=== Starčević's [[racism]] was elaborated by Ustaša Ivo Pilar [under the [[pseudonym]] L. von Südland].<ref>Die südslawische Frage und der Weltkrieg: Übersichtliche Darstellung des Gesamt-problems By L. von Südland, 1918, Manz</ref><ref name="A" /> His book was translated into [[Croatian language|Croatian]] in 1943, by Pavelić's [[regime]], as one of the tenets of his Ustaše and his [[Independent State of Croatia]].<ref>"Blood And Homeland": Eugenics And Racial Nationalism in Central And Southeast Europe, 1900-1940 edited by Marius Turda, Paul Weindling Published 2006 Central European University Press Rory Yeomans article: Of "Yugoslav Barbarians" and Croatian Gentlemen Scholars: Nationalist Ideology and Racial Anthropology in Interwar Yugoslavia</ref><ref>[http://www.usna.edu/Users/history/tucker/hh367/OgnyanovaArticle.pdf Irina Ognyanova: Nationalism and National Policy in Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207104245/http://www.usna.edu/Users/history/tucker/hh367/OgnyanovaArticle.pdf |date=2012-02-07 }}. in: Topics in Feminism, History and Philosophy, IWM Junior Visiting Fellows Conferences, Vol. 6, edited by Rogers, Dorothy, Joshua Wheeler, Marína Zavacká, and Shawna Casebier. Vienna: IWM 2000.<br /> "In fact, the roots of the Ustasha ideology can be found in the Croatian nationalism of the nineteenth century. The Ustasha ideological system was just a replica of the traditional pure Croatian nationalism of Ante Starcevic. His ideology contained all important elements of those of the extreme Croatian nationalism in the twentieth century. Starcevic’s writings reveal an attitude similar to that of the contemporary Croatian nationalists: Frankovci at the beginning of the twentieth century and Ustashas in the 1930s."</ref> The Ustaše said that [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], as a symbol of Serbian nationalism to them, was their greatest enemy. The Ustaše never recognized the existence of a Serb people on the territories of Croatia or Bosnia. They recognized only "Croats of the Eastern faith." They also called Bosnian Muslims "Croats of the Islamic faith,"(the latter which they wanted to force to convert to Christianity) but they had a stronger ethnic dislike of Serbs. ===Syncretism=== Simultaneously, the Ustaše borrowed from traditional Croatian nationalism, the [[Nazism]] of [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]], the fascism of [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]], and even from the program of the Croatian Peasant Party.<ref>[Ognyanova, Irina 2000], page 6</ref> The Ustaše aimed at an [[Ethnicity|ethnically]] "pure" Croatia. They saw the Serbs that lived in Croatia and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] as their biggest obstacle. Ustaše ministers Mile Budak, Mirko Puk and Milovan Žanić declared in May 1941 that the goal of the new Ustaše policy was an ethnically clean Croatia. They announced the strategy on July 22, 1941 <ref>Hitler's renegades: foreign nationals in the service of the Third Reich by Christopher Ailsby, Brassey's, 2004 page 156</ref> to achieve their goal, which resembled the bloodiest religious wars:<ref>Vatikan i Jasenovac:dokumenti by Vladimir Dedijer, Rad, 1987, page 473</ref> {{Blockquote|text=A third must become Catholic, a third must leave the country, and a third must die!}} ====Persecution of ethnic minorities==== The Ustaše [[Persecution|persecuted]] the Serbs, who were [[Orthodox Christianity|Orthodox Christians]]. They were tolerant toward the [[Muslims]] [[Bosniaks]], claiming that the Muslims were actually ethnic Croats that converted to [[Islam]] during the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Turk occupation of Bosnia. The state even converted a former museum in [[Zagreb]] for use as a [[mosque]]. The basic principles of the movement were laid out by Pavelić in his 1929 pamphlet "Principles of the Ustaše Movement."<ref>The Gypsies of Eastern Europe by David Crowe, John Kolsti, M.E. Sharpe, 1991, page 86</ref> The Ustaše's problem with the Nazi ideology was that the [[Croats]] are [[Slavic peoples|Slavs]] and were considered inferior by the Nazis. Ustaše ideology thus created a theory about a pseudo-[[Goths|Gothic]] origin of the Croats in order to raise their standing on the [[Aryan race|Aryan]] ladder.<ref>Nationalism, historiography and the (re)construction of the past by Claire Norton, New Academia Publishing, 2007, page 86</ref> ==Terrorism== At Janka Puszta training facility in [[Hungary]], IMRO{{clarification|date=December 2024}} terrorists trained Ustaše operatives in [[bomb]]-making and in [[conspiracy]]. The Ustaše carried out about half-dozen [[Assassination|assassinations]] of Yugoslavian officials or pro-Serb [[civilian]]s. They bombed a dozen trains, including the [[Orient Express]], and other public targets during the first four years of their existence.<ref>Terrorism: a history by Randall D. Law, Polity, 2009, page 157</ref> The Yugoslav Government complained to the [[League of Nations]] and forced Hungary to close down Janka Pusta Ustaše training camp. Internal power struggle, and discovery that Perčec's mistress was a Yugoslav police informant, led to Perčec's assassination by Pavelić in 1933.<ref>Conflict studies, Issues 103-117, Institute for the Study of Conflict, Current Affairs Research Services Centre (London, England), Current Affairs Research Service Centre, 1979</ref> ===Funding=== The Ustaše received the most money from [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]. He also supplied the group with an Italian headquarters that changed whenever Yugoslavia managed to track it down. Camps for training terrorists and [[Sabotage|saboteurs]] were set up in [[Italy]], chiefly at [[Brescia]] and Borgotaro. An armed [[insurrection]] was attempted in 1933. The Ustaše,<ref>"Croatia: between Europe and the Balkans" by William Bartlett, Routledge 2003 Page 18 <br />Croatian Party of Right, had established a terrorist organization known as the Ustashe Croatian Revolutionary Organization</ref><ref>"Organizing for Total War" by American Academy of Political and Social Science, Francis James Brown, American Academy of Political and Social Science 1942 Page 225 <br /> As an interesting detail for the American public it may be reported that the terrorist organization Ustashe, paid by the Italians, was sending money to the United States to support publications and spread propaganda among the Croats in America.</ref> armed by the Italians, attempted to invade Yugoslavia by crossing the [[Adriatic sea|Adriatic Sea]] in motorboats. This was unsuccessful. The lack of success may have led to the decision to assassinate King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. ===Assassination attempts=== Two assassination attempts of Yugoslav royal family members were made. Alexander was murdered at [[Marseille|Marseilles]] on 9 October 1934, along with the French Foreign Minister, Louis Barthou. After the assassination, Mussolini renounced the Ustaše, and the group went deeply underground. The lack of armed protection for the Yugoslav king, and the general laxity of security precautions when it was well known that one attempt had already been made on Alexander's life, are grim tributes to Pavelić organizational abilities. He had apparently been able to [[Bribery|bribe]] a high official in the Surete General. The Prefect of Police of Marseilles, Jouhannaud, was subsequently removed from office.<ref>Headquarters Counter Intelligence Corps Allied Forces Headquarters APO 512, 30 January 1947: Present Whereabouts and Past Background of Ante Pavelic, Croat Quisling [http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/pavelic/ap0011.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006030523/http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/pavelic/ap0011.html|date=2007-10-06}}</ref> The assassin was Vlada Georgief Cernozemski, a [[Bulgarians|Bulgarian]], who had already killed two members of the Bulgarian [[Parliament]] in [[Sofia]]. His accomplices were arrested and [[Sentence (law)|sentenced]] to [[life imprisonment]]. Pavelic was condemned to death by France, but escaped.<ref>The Vatican's Holocaust by Avro Manhattan, Ozark, Springfield MO 1986 Page 20</ref> ====Diplomatic disputes==== Yugoslavia brought charges against Hungary and Italy before the [[League of Nations]] in November 1934. They had evidence that Italy and Hungary had openly conspired against her [[sovereignty]]. The League of Nations did not discuss the Italian conspiracy against the national sovereignty of Yugoslavia. Italy refused to [[Extradition|extradite]] Pavelić and Kvaternik to either France or Yugoslavia, and Hungary bore the brunt of the charges.<ref>Present Whereabouts and Past Background of Ante Pavelic, Croat Quisling Headquarters Counter Intelligence Corps Allied Forces Headquarters, APO 512 30 January 1947</ref> ====Brief crackdown==== After the assassination, the Ustaše activities were prevented completely. A great number of Ustaše were caught and arrested in Italy, Germany, and Hungary. Italy interned many Ustaše to the Lipari camp, where many died. Janka Puszta Ustaše camp was raided by Hungarian police, who arrested some of them. Ustaše from Germany escaped to [[Switzerland]], France, and [[England]].<ref>Ustaše i Treći Reich by Bogdan Krizman, Globus, 1983 p. 410</ref> Widespread outrage at the assassination of Alexander and Barthou led to the first international efforts to combat terrorism since the ''St. Petersburg Protocol of 1904''. The issue was taken up by the League of Nations, which passed the convention on the ''Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism'' in 1937. After March 1937, when [[Italy]] and [[Yugoslavia]] signed a friendship [[treaty]], many Ustaše in Italy were extradited to Yugoslavia. ==World War II== ===Invasion of Yugoslavia=== Germany and Italy [[Invasion|invaded]] Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941. On April 10, the most senior home-based Ustaša, Slavko Kvaternik, took control of the police in [[Zagreb]]. ===Establishment of the Independent State of Croatia=== In a radio broadcast that day he proclaimed the formation of the [[Independent State of Croatia]] ([[Serbo-Croatian]]: ''Nezavisna Država Hrvatska'', '''NDH'''). Maček issued a statement that day, calling on all Croatians to cooperate with the new authorities.<ref>Vladko Maček, ''In the Struggle for Freedom'' ([[New York City|New York]]: Robert Speller & Sons, 1957) p 230.</ref><ref name="A" /> Meanwhile, Pavelić and several hundred Ustaše left their camps in Italy for Zagreb, where Pavelić set up his government on 17 April. He gave himself the title of ''Poglavnik'' – equivalent to ''[[Führer]]'' in [[Nazi Germany|German]]. The NDH included the territory of [[Croatia]], Srem,{{clarification|date=December 2024}} and [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] – except parts of the [[Dalmatia|Dalmatian]] coastal area, which were ceded to the Italians. ''[[De facto]]'' control over this territory varied for the majority of the war, as the partisans grew more successful, while the Germans and Italians increasingly exercised direct control over areas of their interest. ===Domestic policy=== All who opposed or threatened the Ustaše were banned. In early 1941, [[Jew|Jews]] and [[Serbs]] were ordered to leave certain areas of Zagreb.<ref name="ushmm1">{{cite web|year=1941|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_ph.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005456&MediaId=2156|title=PHOTOGRAPHY|format=HTML|publisher=Jewish Historical Museum of Yugoslavia|accessdate=2007-12-03|last=|quote=|archive-date=2008-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213091101/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_ph.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005456&MediaId=2156|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Foreign policy=== Pavelić first met with [[Adolf Hitler]] on June 6, 1941. Mile Budak, then a minister in Pavelić's government, publicly proclaimed the violent racial policy of the state on July 22, 1941.<ref>Mainstream, Volume 38, Issues 6-35, N. Chakravartty, 2000, Page 18</ref> Maks Luburić, one of the chiefs of the secret police, started building [[concentration camp]]s in the summer of the same year. Ustaše activities in villages across the Dinaric Alps led to the Italians and the Germans expressing disquiet. As early as July 10, 1941, [[Wehrmacht]] General Edmund Glaise von Horstenau reported to the German High Command, the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW):<ref name="autogenerated8">http://samvak.tripod.com/pp55.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211065704/http://samvak.tripod.com/pp55.html |date=2008-12-11 }} The Ustaše - The Insurgents and the Swastika (Part IV) ''General Edmund Glaise von Horstenau to the OKW, July 10, 1941; report to Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler from the Geheime Staatspolizei, dated February 17, 1942''. See also Trifković, Srđa, [http://www.balkanpeace.org/index.php?index=article&articleid=13742 'The Real Genocide in Yugoslavia: Independent Croatia of 1941 Revisited'.]</ref> {{cquote|Our troops have to be mute witnesses of such events; it does not reflect well on their otherwise high reputation... I am frequently told that German occupation troops would finally have to intervene against Ustaše crimes. This may happen eventually. Right now, with the available forces, I could not ask for such action. Ad hoc intervention in individual cases could make the German Army look responsible for countless crimes which it could not prevent in the past.}} ====February 17, 1942 report==== A [[Gestapo]] report to Reichsführer [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] [[Heinrich Himmler]], dated February 17, 1942, stated that:<ref name="autogenerated8" /> {{cquote|Increased activity of the bands [of rebels] is chiefly due to atrocities carried out by Ustaše units in Croatia against the Orthodox population. The Ustaše committed their deeds in a bestial manner not only against males of conscript age, but especially against helpless old people, women and children. The number of the Orthodox that the Croats have massacred and sadistically tortured to death is about three hundred thousand.}} ====Territorial disputes with Italy==== Italian troops in the field had competing territorial claims with their Ustaše allies and had cooperated from the start with [[Chetnik]] units operating in the southern areas that they controlled. Hitler tried to insist that Mussolini should have his forces work with the Ustaše, but senior Italian commanders, such as General Mario Roatta, ignored such orders. ===Genocides=== [[File:Ustaše militia execute prisoners near the Jasenovac concentration camp.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Ustaše militia execute prisoners near the Jasenovac concentration camp]] The Ustaše had race laws like [[Nuremberg Laws|those of Nazi Germany]]. These laws were aimed against [[Jew]]s, [[Roma people|Roma]], and [[Serbs]], who were declared enemies of the Croatian people. Serbs, Jews, Roma and anti-fascist Croats and Bosniaks, including [[Communism|communists]], were interned in [[concentration camp]]s, the largest of which was the [[Jasenovac concentration camp]], where many were killed by Ustaše militia. ====Death toll==== The exact number of victims is not known. The number of murdered Jews is fairly reliable: around 32,000 Jews were killed during World War II on their territory. [[Gypsies]] (Yugoslav Roma) numbered around 40,000 fewer after the war. Of the number of Serbs who died, estimates vary between 300,000 and 700,000.<ref name="A" /> During World War II, various German military commanders gave different figures for the number of Serbs, Jews and others killed on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia. They circulated figures of 400,000 Serbs (Alexander Lehr); 350,000 Serbs (Lothar Rendulic); between 300,000 (Edmund Glaise von Horstenau); more than "3/4 of a million Serbs" (Hermann Neubacher) in 1943; 600,000–700,000 until March 1944 (Ernst Fick); 700,000 (Massenbach). The history textbooks in the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] cited 700,000 as the total number of victims at Jasenovac. According to the [[Simon Wiesenthal|Simon Wiesenthal Center]] (citing the ''Encyclopedia of the Holocaust''), "Ustasa terrorists killed 500,000 Serbs, expelled 250,000 and forced 250,000 to [[Religious conversion|convert]] to Catholicism. They murdered thousands of Jews and Gypsies."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/pages/t081/t08100.html |title=Page Has Moved - Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning Center |access-date=2011-05-15 |archive-date=2002-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021108152138/http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/pages/t081/t08100.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Jasenovac concentration camp|Jasenovac]] Memorial Area, currently headed by [[Slavko Goldstein]], keeps a list of 59,188 names of Jasenovac victims that was gathered by government officials in [[Belgrade]] in 1964. The previous head of the Memorial Area, Simo Brdar, [[Estimation|estimated]] at least 365,000 dead at Jasenovac. The [[Muslim]] [[Bosniaks]] community from [[Zenica]] published a declaration stressing the special position of [[Muslim Roma]], and with help of Muslim religious authorities in [[Sarajevo]], the declaration influenced the Ustaše authorities to make a special provision in May 1942 to spare Muslim Roma residing in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] from deportation to the concentration camps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.romarchive.eu/en/voices-of-the-victims/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ |title=Bosnia and Herzegovina |website=RomArchive}}</ref> The Belgrade Museum of [[the Holocaust]] compiled a list of over 77,000 names of Jasenovac victims. It was previously headed by Milan Bulajić, who supported the claim of a total of 700,000 victims. The current administration of the Museum has further expanded the list to include a bit over 80,000 names. In the 1961 trial of [[Adolf Eichmann]], Alexander Arnon – secretary of the Jewish Community in Zagreb – testified about the treatment of Jews in Yugoslavia during the war. Alexander Arnon's [[testimony]] included estimates of 600,000 killed in the Jasenovac concentration camp.<ref name="Arnon">{{cite web|last=Alexander Arnon|date=19 May 1961|title=The Trial of Adolf Eichmann - Session 46 - 4 Sivan 5721|website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DE9-ikNtyWo|format=video|quote=|accessdate=2014-06-11}}</ref> ===Concentration camps=== [[File:Jasenovac prisoners enter the camp.jpg|thumb|Ustase take the belongings of Jews who just arrived at [[Jasenovac concentration camp|Jasenovac]].]] The first batch of concentration camps was formed in spring 1941: * Pag * Đakovo * Tenja, near [[Osijek]] * Loborgrad, in Zagorje * Jadovno, near [[Gospić]] * Danica, near [[Koprivnica]] * Kruščica, near Vitez and [[Travnik]] in Bosnia These six camps were closed by October 1942. The Jasenovac complex was built between August 1941 and February 1942. The first two camps, Krapje and Bročica, were closed in November 1941. The three newer camps continued to function until the end of the war: * Kozara (Jasenovac IV) * Ciglana (Jasenovac III) * Stara Gradiška (Jasenovac V) ====Other camps==== There were also camps in: * Gospić * Kerestinec, near Zagreb * Lepoglava, near [[Varaždin]] * Jastrebarsko, between [[Zagreb]] and [[Karlovac]] - Jastrebarsko Children's Concentration Camp<ref name="ushmm">{{cite web|year=2007|url=http://www.ushmm.org/uia-cgi/uia_query/photos?hr=null&query=dc200o9039|title=query on database(s) Photo Archives.|format=HTML|publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|accessdate=2007-10-04|last=|quote=Group portrait of naked, emaciated children in the Jastrebarsko concentration camp for children. [Photograph #46562]|archive-date=2007-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015155618/http://www.ushmm.org/uia-cgi/uia_query/photos?hr=null&query=dc200o9039|url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Prisoners==== Numbers of prisoners: * From 300,000 to 350,000 up to 700,000 in Jasenovac * Around 35,000 in Gospić * Around 8,500 in Pag * Around 3,000 in Đakovo * 1,018 in Jastrebarsko * Around 1,000 in Lepoglava ==Connections with the Roman Catholic Church== [[Image:Haus der Deutschen Kunst, Nazi Germany Grundsteinlegung 15.10.1933 House of German Art foundation stone. Hilter, Esser, Nuntius Vasallo di Torregrossa. Heute versteh ich Sie. NSDAP Propaganda Reichstagswahl 12 Nov Election poster xx1990.tif|thumb|[[Adolf Hitler]] (1889–1945) shaking hands with Alberto Vassallo-Torregrossa (1865–1959), a high-ranking [[The Vatican|Vatican]] [[clergy]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Nazi Germany]].]][[File:Pius XII with tabard, by Michael Pitcairn, 1951.png|thumb|[[Pope Pius XII]] kept [[Diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] with the Ustaše state throughout [[World War II|WWII]].]]Throughout the Catholic Ustaše-led NDH's existence, the Roman Catholic Church played a significant role in Ustaše's genocides.<ref name="CCNDH"> * {{cite journal |journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies |title=The Catholic Church in Croatia, the Vatican, and the Murder of the Croatian Jews |url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article-abstract/4/3/323/572037?redirectedFrom=PDF |last=Shela |first=Menachem |page=324 |volume=4 |issue=3 |year=1989 |access-date=December 27, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies |title=The Roman Catholic Church and Genocide in Croatia, 1941-1945 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-church-history/article/abs/roman-catholic-church-and-genocide-in-croatia-19411945/B300EDB24D65252F4912E0AA0D29D632 |last=Steinberg |first=Jonathan |volume=60: Studies in Church History |publisher=[[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] Press |year=1989 |access-date=December 27, 2024 |quote=Published online by [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] Press: 21 March 2016}} * {{cite book |title=The Catholic Church and The Holocaust, 1930-1965 |url=https://iupress.org/9780253214713/the-catholic-church-and-the-holocaust-1930-1965 |last=Phayer |first=Michael |page=32 |publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press |location=[[Bloomington, Indiana]], [[United States]] |year=2000 |access-date=December 27, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions |title=Controversies surrounding the Catholic Church in Wartime Croatia, 1941–45 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14690760600963222 |last=Biondich |first=Mark |pages=429–457 |volume=7 |issue=4: The Independent State of Croatia (NDH), 1941–45 |doi=10.1080/14690760600963222 |date=November 28, 2006 |access-date=December 26, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Occasional Papers on Religions in Eastern Europe |title=The Ustaše and the Roman Catholic Church in the Independent State of Croatia |url=https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2157&context=ree |last=Retchkiman |first=Golda |volume=40 |issue=1: Thirtieth Anniversary Issue of the Fall of Communism |year=2020 |access-date=December 27, 2024}}</ref> Alojzije Cardinal Stepinac, then the [[Archbishop]] of [[Zagreb]], was seen by the survivors as an Ustaše war criminal.<ref name="CCNDH" /> Stepinac was crucial in the Church's decision to sponsor the Ustaše due to his perception that the Ustaše was the<ref name="CCNDH" /> * guarantor of Croatia as the "[[wikt:bulwark|Bulwark]] of Catholicism" against [[Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Islam]] and [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] * hope for a Catholic [[Theocracy|state]] to [[Forced conversion|reconvert]] the 200,000 Serbian Orthodox Christians who changed from their Catholic faith following [[World War I|WWI]] ===NDH leadership=== In May 1941, [[Pope Pius XII]] met the NDH leader [[Ante Pavelić]] – a [[wikt:devout|devout]] Catholic himself – with Stepinac. It was followed by Pope Pius XII's posting of Giuseppe Ramiro Marcone (1882–1952) as his rep to the NDH,<ref name="CCNDH" /> despite Pope Pius XII's clear knowledge of the ongoing genocides of Croatian Jews, [[Roma people|Roma]] and Serbs.<ref name="CCNDH" /> Aligned with the Pope's will, Stepinac only disagreed with brutalizing Catholic Jews, but not the vast majority of non-Catholic Jews.<ref name="CCNDH" /> ===Pogroms=== [[Pogrom|Pogroms]] against Croatian Jews, Roma and Serbs were often incited by Catholic priests who hated the presence of non-Catholics in their [[Parish|parishes]].<ref name="CCNDH" /> To avoid immediate death, many Serbs were [[Forced conversion|forced to convert]] to Catholicism, while Jews who converted were still killed as the Ustaše regime followed the [[Nazi Party#Laws of the Nazi Party|Nazi racial policies]] on [[Final Solution|seeking to wipe out Jews]] as a [[Race (sociology)|race]] rather than a [[Judaism|religion]].<ref name="CCNDH" /><ref name="Holocaust">* {{cite book |chapter=Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church |title=Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust |last=Shapiro |first=P.A. |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/monograph/book/4016 |publisher=[[Indiana University]] Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780253116741 |oclc=191071016 |access-date=November 4, 2024 }} * {{cite book |chapter=Towards the Holocaust |title=The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-changing-face-of-anti-semitism-9780195341218?cc=gb&lang=en& |last=Laqueur |first=Walter |date=July 30, 2009 |publisher=[[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] Press, USA |isbn=9780195341218 |access-date=November 3, 2024 }} * {{cite web |title=Deportation of Hungarian Jews |url=https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews |work=Timeline of Events |publisher=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] (USHMM) |accessdate=6 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171125004028/https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/deportation-of-hungarian-jews |archive-date=25 November 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |last1=Brosnan |first1=Matt |title=What Was The Holocaust? |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-holocaust |publisher=Imperial War Museum |date=12 June 2018 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190302062958/https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-holocaust |archivedate=2 March 2019 |access-date=2 March 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }} * {{Cite web|title=36 Questions About the Holocaust|url=https://www.museumoftolerance.com/education/teacher-resources/holocaust-resources/36-questions-about-the-holocaust.html|access-date=2024-10-14|website=Museum of Tolerance, [[Los Angeles]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Under subordinate bishops' pressure, Stepinac told the Pope that they would ask Pavelić to stop the [[Genocidal massacre|massacres]] and forced conversions, while sending Pavelić a different [[letter]] in which they asked for neither to stop.<ref name="CCNDH" /> Instead, they asked Pavelić to delegate them the conversion authority to make the persecutions look more "[[wikt:humane|humane]]".<ref name="CCNDH" /> ===Support for the NDH=== In April 1942, Stepinac visited the Vatican for the second time, when he presented a report to Vatican's State Secretary Luigi Cardinal Maglione that [[Disinformation|praised]] the Ustaše regime's crackdown on [[abortion]] and [[pornography]],<ref name="CCNDH" /> while denying that Ustaše's genocides were planned.<ref name="CCNDH" /> The Vatican kept full [[Diplomacy|diplomatic relations]] with the NDH until its defeat in 1945.<ref name="CCNDH" /> To stay friendly with the Jews, Stepinac arranged for Chief Rabbi Freiburg of Zagreb to write the Pope a letter to thank him for the help, which the Church had not actually offered.<ref name="CCNDH" /> Chief Rabbi Freiburg of Zagreb was killed in the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] on 8 May 1943 upon arrival for protesting the Nazi brutalization of his fellow Jews.<ref>{{cite web |website=Croatian History |title=Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac and saving the Jews in Croatia during the WW2 |url=https://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/jews.html |last=Zubrinic |first=Darko |location=Zagreb, Croatia |year=1997 |access-date=December 27, 2024}}</ref> ===Participation in the Holocaust=== Contrary to the [[Mythology|common perception]] that the Roman Catholic Church was opposed to Nazism and the Holocaust, priests and [[Bishop|bishops]] throughout the Church [[hierarchy]] were highly sympathetic to them due to [[Supersessionism|classical]] [[Antisemitism#Lies about Jews|antisemitism]] and their belief that Nazi Germany was the "lesser evil".<ref name="CCNDH"/><ref name="Holocaust"/> Within the lower [[clergy]], many [[Jesuit|Jesuits]] and [[Franciscan|Franciscans]] were Ustaše members, who persecuted or massacred Jews, Roma and Serbs for the Ustaše regime.<ref name="CCNDH" /> Some prominent Catholic perpetrators included Ivan Guberina, Mate Mugoš and Franciscan Father Bojanović,<ref name="CCNDH" /> while Franciscan Dionizije Juričev and Radoslav Glavaš served as the head of the Religious Section (VO) and head of the Religious Department of the Ministry of Justice and Religion respectively to oversee forced conversions within NDH territory.<ref name="CCNDH" /> Miroslav Filipović-Majstorović, the operator of the [[Jasenovac concentration camp]] in which 77,000–99,000 were killed,<ref name="Jasenovac"> * {{cite web |website=[[Holocaust Encyclopedia]] |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/jasenovac |title=Jasenovac |access-date=October 24, 2024}} * {{cite book |website=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jasenovac-camp |title=Concentration Camps: Jasenovac |doi=10.1080/00085006.2024.2356453 |isbn=978-1-032-35379-1 |access-date=October 24, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=East European Politics and Societies: And Cultures |title=Jasenovac—A Past That Does Not Pass: The Presence of Jasenovac in Croatian and Serbian Collective Memory of Conflict |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0888325416653657 |last1=Odak |first1=Stipe |last2=Benčić |first2=Andriana |volume=30 |issue=4 |date=July 10, 2016 |doi=10.1177/0888325416653657 |access-date=December 11, 2024}} * {{cite journal |journal=Heritage, Memory and Conflict Journal |title=Exhibiting Jasenovac: Controversies, manipulations and politics of memory |last1=Kuznar |first1=Andriana Bencic |last2=Pavlakovic |first2=Vjeran |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=65–69 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |doi=10.3897/ijhmc.3.71583 |date=May 10, 2023 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite journal |journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00085006.2024.2356453 |title=Jasenovac concentration camp: an unfinished past |author=Marko Attila Hoare |volume=66 |issue=1–2 |pages=291–293 |date=June 5, 2024 |doi=10.1080/00085006.2024.2356453 |access-date=October 24, 2024}}</ref> was a Franciscan. In addition, Catholic priest Božidar Bralo served as the [[Secret police|security police]] chief in [[Sarajevo]] to target Jews while Dyonisy Juričev as an Ustaše [[newspaper]] [[editor]] calling for all bishops to join the Ustaše to kill Jews.<ref name="CCNDH" /> 81% of Croatian Jews were killed in the Holocaust.<ref name="Holocaust" /><ref name="Jasenovac" /> ===Plundered gold=== The Ustaše regime had sent large amounts of gold that it had plundered from Serbian and Jewish property owners during WWII into [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[bank]]<nowiki/>s. Of a total of 350 million Swiss Francs, about 150 million was seized by British troops; however, the remaining 200 million (ca. 47 million dollars) reached the Vatican. Speculations exist that it is still being kept in the Vatican Bank. This was reported by the American intelligence agency SSU in October 1946. This issue is the theme of a [[Class action|class action lawsuit]] against the Vatican Bank and others.{{cn|date=December 2024}} [[Adolf Eichmann]] trial witness Alexander Arnon testified about the Roman Catholic Church stance that time.<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Eichmann trial - The District Court Sessions|url=http://www.vex.net/~nizkor/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-046-04.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218152730/http://www.vex.net/~nizkor/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-046-04.html|archive-date=2012-02-18|access-date=2022-04-24}}</ref><blockquote> Unfortunately there were no protests. Croatia was definitely a Catholic state. Not even the Catholic Church in Zagreb said one word against the [[deportation]]s and sufferings of the Jews.</blockquote> E. Fratini and D. Cluster wrote in their book ''The entity: Five centuries of secret Vatican espionage:''<ref>The entity: five centuries of secret Vatican [[espionage]] by Eric Frattini, Dick Cluster Macmillan, 2008, page 391</ref> <blockquote> The [[Archbishop]] of [[Zagreb]], Monisgor Alojzije Stepinac, provided Catholic support to the Pro Nazi government of Ante Pavelic; knew right from the start about the massacres and extermination of Serbs, Jews, and Gypsies; and was one of the pillars of the effort to help Nazi and Croatian criminals to escape to South America after the Second World War. </blockquote> Archbishop Stepinac also said this on 28 March 1941, in note of Yugoslavia's early attempts to unite Croatians and Serbs: {{Blockquote|text=All in all, Croats and Serbs are of two worlds, northpole and southpole, never will they be able to get together unless by a miracle of God. The [historical] [[Schism (religion)|schism]] (with the [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]) is the greatest curse in Europe, almost greater than [[Protestantism]]. Here there is no [[Morality|moral]], no principles, no truth, no justice, no honesty.}} ===Critique=== In his 1999 book ''Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII'',<ref>{{cite book |title=Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFHKrYwv87sC |last=Cornwell |first=John |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2000 |access-date=December 28, 2024}}</ref> British [[author]] and [[journalist]] John Cornwell pointed out that<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |title=The Holocaust and the Catholic Church |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/10/the-holocaust-and-the-catholic-church/305061 |last=Carroll |first=James |date=October 1, 1999 |access-date=December 28, 2024 |quote=Some in the Vatican want to make Pius XII a [[saint]]. If they succeed, “the Church will have sealed its [[2nd millennium|second millennium]] with a [[lie]].”}}</ref> # Pope Pius XII's allegedly anti-Nazi sermons never mentioned Jews # Pope Pius XII was silent after the Nazi roundup of 1,200 Jews below the Vatican hill on 16 October 1943<ref>most of whom were then gassed in the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] in Nazi-occupied Poland.</ref> # the reason for (1.) and (2.) was Pope Pius XII's lifelong antisemitism preventing him from developing sympathy for Jews # Defenders of Pope Pius XII promoted lies to [[Sanctification|make him look like a hero]] by misclassifying his neutral correspondence with the Nazis as "protests" and overstating his interventions in Nazi deportations of Jews<ref>{{cite book |title=Vatican Diplomacy and the Jews during the Holocaust, 1939–1943 |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9780881257342/Vatican-Diplomacy-Jews-During-Holocaust-0881257346/plp |last=Morley |first=John F. |isbn=9780870687013 |publisher=Ktav Pub & Distributors Inc |year=1980 |access-date=December 28, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |website=International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) |title=Working Definition of Holocaust Denial and Distortion |url=https://holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definition-holocaust-denial-distortion |year=2024 |access-date=December 28, 2024}}</ref> ==Post-war period== At the end of war, Ustaše continued fighting for a short while after the formal surrender of German Army Group E on 9 May 1945, and many [[Refugee|refugees]] attempted to escape to [[Austria]]. Pavelić, however, with the help of associates among the Franciscans, managed to escape and hide in Austria and Rome, later fleeing to [[Argentina]]. The remaining Ustaše went underground or fled to South America and countries such as [[Canada]], [[Australia]], Germany, with the assistance of Roman Catholic churches and their grassroots supporters<ref name="jasenovac-info">{{cite web|last=|date=September 12, 1983|title=US Army File: Dr. DRAGANOVIC' Krunoslav|url=http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/army/ar0004.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008210215/http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/army/ar0004.html|archive-date=2007-10-08|format=HTML|quote=|accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref><ref name="jasenovac-info2">{{cite web|last=|date=September 12, 1983|title=CIC Memorandum|url=http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/pavelic/ap0010.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008210552/http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/pavelic/ap0010.html|archive-date=2007-10-08|quote=|accessdate=2007-10-04}}</ref> Some of them persisted in their crusade against Yugoslavia.{{cn|date=December 2024}} After the Second World War was over, the Ustaše who had managed to escape from Yugoslav territory, including Pavelić, were smuggled to [[South America]]. It is widely documented that this was done through rat lines operated by members of the organization who were Catholic priests and had previously secured positions at the Vatican. Members of the Illyrian College of San Girolamo in Rome were reputedly involved in this: friars Krunoslav Draganović, Petranović, and Dominik Mandić.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ===Cold War=== ====Croatian Liberation Movement==== With the defeat of the Independent State of Croatia, the movement ceased to exist. Infighting over the failure to establish a Croatian state also fragmented the surviving Ustaše. Ante Pavelić formed the [[Croatian Liberation Movement]], which drew several of the former state's leaders. Vjekoslav Vrančić founded a reformed Croatian Liberation Movement, and was its leader.{{cn|date=December 2024}} ====Croatian National Resistance==== Vjekoslav Luburić helped form an organization called the ''Odpor'' ([[Croatian National Resistance]]). This became the most violent of the Ustaše organizations which were born after the WWII. Luburić commanded the organization for twenty-five years from his refuge in [[Spain]]. His organization was heavily involved in [[racketeering]], [[extortion]], hijacking, [[Terrorism|terrorist]] bombings, and other violent crimes. [[Odpor]] hada radical nationalist ideology very like Ustaše ideology.<ref>Homeland calling: exile patriotism & the Balkan wars by Paul Hockenos; Cornell University Press, 2003, page 23</ref> ====Other groups==== Another Ustaše terrorist organization, the Croatian Revolutionary Cell, Bruno Busic Department, bombed the R. S. Schullz publishing house in Percha on Lake Starnberg, Germany, on August 19, 1981. The group, which claimed to be based in Paris, used 1 [[kilogram|kg]] of Swiss Mark 2 [[dynamite]]. They threatened to use two more kilograms the following week if the firm published [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito's]] [[Memoir|memoirs]].<ref>International terrorism in the 1980s: a chronology of events by Edward F. Mickolus, Todd Sandler, Jean Marie Murdock; Iowa State University Press, 1989 Page 186</ref> ==Related pages== * [[Iron Guard]] * [[Antisemitism]] * [[Catholic Church and the Independent State of Croatia]] * [[Roman Catholics and antisemitism in the 21st century]] ==Footnotes== {{reflist|2}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/ Holocaust era in Croatia: Jasenovac 1941-1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030802193350/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/ |date=2003-08-02 }}, an on-line museum by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum * [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=670245 Tied up in the Rat Lines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713074639/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=670245 |date=2009-07-13 }} from the Haaretz, 17/01/2006 * [http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/pavelic/ap0040.html Principles of the Ustaše movement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724114107/http://www.jasenovac-info.com/cd/biblioteka/pavelicpapers/pavelic/ap0040.html |date=2009-07-24 }} * [http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/5503/ The Ustasha Genocide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215052402/http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/5503/ |date=2011-12-15 }} by Marko Attila Hoare * [http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-046-01.html Eichmann Trial, Tel Aviv 1961] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194245/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-046-01.html |date=2016-03-03 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ustase}} [[Category:Nazism]] [[Category:Croatia]] [[Category:Fascism]] [[Category:Terrorism]] [[Category:Yugoslavia]] [[Category:World War II]] [[Category:1940s in Europe]] [[Category:History of Europe]] [[Category:History of Croatia]] [[Category:History of Yugoslavia]] [[Category:Antisemitism in Europe]] [[Category:20th century in Croatia]] [[Category:Political parties in Croatia]] [[Category:1929 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Nationalist organizations in Europe]] kc0ovpspp8z65b8h4xucuggwu0tszp8 0 295856 10883058 10812160 2026-06-10T10:23:01Z Werner100359 106408 /* History */ 10883058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = SV Neulengbach | image = | fullname = Union Sportverein Neulengbach | nickname = | founded = 1923<br />Women's section founded 1996 | ground = Wienerwaldstadion, [[Neulengbach]] | capacity = 3,000 | chairman = | coach = Maria Gstöttner/Katja Gürtler | league = [[ÖFB-Frauenliga]] | season = 2024-25 | position = [[ÖFB-Frauenliga]], 7th | pattern_la1=_neulengbach14h | pattern_b1=_neulengbach14h | pattern_ra1=_neulengbach14h | leftarm1=FFFFFF | body1=FFFFFF | rightarm1=FFFFFF | shorts1=000000 | socks1=FFFFFF | pattern_la2=_neulengbach14a | pattern_b2=_neulengbach14a | pattern_ra2=_neulengbach14a | leftarm2=FF0000 | body2=FF0000 | rightarm2=FF0000 | shorts2=FF2222 | socks2=FF2222 | website = http://www.neulengbach.at/ }} '''USV Neulengbach''' is a [[Association football|football]] club from [[Neulengbach]], [[Lower Austria]]. The club was founded in 1923. The men's team playes in Lower Austrian's 2. class. The women's team was founded in 1996 and plays in the [[ÖFB-Frauenliga]], the top level of Austrian women's football. ==History== The history goes back to 1992. In this year women formed a team in Altlengbach and after the first matches they wanted to play on. They had sucess but after problems with officials of SV Altlengbach the team went to SV Neulengbach. 1996 the women's section of SV Neulengbach was founded. In the 1996/97 season they took over the place of SV Altlengbach in the 2nd League East where they became champion and were promoted to the Frauenliga. In their first year they reached the 5th place, the next season they were runners-up. The following years they became the dominant club in the Bundesliga. They won 12 titels in the league and 10 times the Cup. This dominant role ended in 2015. In the sucessful years the team was formed almost totally of players of the [[Austria women's national football team|Austrian women's football national team]]. But the most known playyer came from [[Brazil]]. [[Rosana dos Santos Augusto|Rosana ]] played for Neulengbach from 2005 till 2008. She had won the Silver medal with Brazil in [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Olympic games]] in Athens. Another famous player is [[Nina Burger]] who played 109 matches for the national team of Austria. <gallery> File:2014-03-29 Nl10 Nina Burger 4424.jpg|Nina Burger File:Rosana dos Santos Augusto (cropped).jpg|Rosana File:20131031 AT01 Manuela Zinsberger (cropped).jpg|Manuela Zinsberger </gallery> Following the announcement in April 2026 that the club would file for insolvency, the Austrian Football Association (ÖFB) decided that it would deny USV Neulengbach a license for the Women's Bundesliga for the upcoming season.<ref>[https://www.oefb.at/oefb/News/AFBL-Abschluss-Lizenzierungsverfahren-2026 ÖFB News] </ref> In May 2026, bankruptcy proceedings were opened against the club's assets at its own request. The main reason given was the increased monthly costs resulting from the club's sporting successes. Consequently, the closure of the women's football section was decided. ==Current squad== {{updated|19 February 2026}}<ref>[https://vereine.oefb.at/NeulengbachSv/Mannschaften/Saison-2025-26/KM-FR/Kader/# ÖFB.at Kader]</ref> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|name=[[Amelie Kandlhofer ]]|nat=AUT|pos=GK}} {{Fs player|no=3|name=[[Piia Willimek ]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=6|name=[[Emma Heiplik ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=7|name=[[Dayna Sunshine Tuppinger ]]|nat=AUT|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=8|name=[[Livia Brunmair]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=9|name=[[Florentina Satra ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=10|name=[[Anna Alberty]]|nat=Slovakia|pos=MF}} {{fs player|no=11|name=[[Romina Bell]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{fs player|no=11|name=[[Rebecca Schreiber]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{fs player|no=12|name=[[Katharina Ille ]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{fs player|no=13|name=[[Florentine Dorfer]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{fs player|no=15|name=[[Lara Wondrejc ]]|nat=AUT|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=16|name=[[Jana Mayer ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=19|name=[[Alisa Ziletkina ]]|nat=AUT|pos=FW}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=21|name=[[Tanja Huber ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=21|name=[[Juliana Siever]]|nat=GER|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=22|name=[[Hannah Blaschka ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF }} {{Fs player|no=24|name=[[Mia Strecha ]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=28|name=[[Mariella Falkensteiner ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF }} {{Fs player|no=30|name=[[Julia Tabotta]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=36|name=[[Anna Holl ]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=49|name=[[Natascha Wurm ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=66|name=[[Sophie Grafl ]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=77|name=[[Laetitia Barabas ]]|nat=AUT|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=77|name=[[Simone Haunold ]]|nat=AUT|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no= |name=[[Gina Babicky ]]|nat=AUT|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no= |name=[[Melissa Alison Garcia ]]|nat=LUX|pos=FW}} {{Fs end}} ===Coaching staff=== *{{AUT}} [[Andreas Ogris ]] Headcoach *{{AUT}} [[Felizitas Schneider]] Assistant coach *{{AUT}} [[Maria Wolf ]] Assistant coach *{{AUT}} [[Andreas Höller ]] Goalkeeper coach *{{AUT}} [[Wolfgang Knaller ]] Goalkeeper coach <ref>[https://vereine.oefb.at/NeulengbachSv/Verein/Trainer/ ÖFB.at Betreuer (German)]</ref> ==Honours== * 12 × Austrian Champion: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 * 10 × Austrian Cup: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 * 2 × Supercupsieger: 2003, 2004 {{Commonscat|Players of SV Neulengbach}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Austrian women's Bundesliga}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neulengbach, SV}} [[Category:Women's football in Austria]] [[Category:Austrian football clubs]] [[Category:Football clubs of Lower Austria]] [[Category:1923 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1920s establishments in Austria]] 18hivpdb0nshf6rz5r0rnopmlad9bkb 0 296098 10882461 10872414 2026-06-09T16:58:56Z ~2026-34102-03 1819168 /* */ 10882461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|12.5|0|earliest=14}} | image = Secretary_Leonard_Carmichael.jpg | image_caption = Three hominines: a [[Homo sapiens|human]] holding a young [[gorilla]] and a young [[common chimpanzee|chimpanzee]]. | taxon = Homininae | authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1825 | type_species = ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Tribe | subdivision =†[[Dryopithecini]]<br/> [[Gorillini]]<br /> [[Hominini]]<br> <br> '''sister:''' [[Ponginae]] }} '''Homininae''' is a subfamily of [[Hominidae]], which includes [[human]]s, [[gorilla]]s, [[chimpanzee]]s and [[bonobo]]s which are native to [[sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stylemanual.ngs.org/home/H/hominid |title=hominid, hominin, hominoid, human |author= |website=National Geographic Style Manual |publisher=National Geographic Society |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref> Most importantly, it also includes extinct human relatives such as [[Ardipithecus]], [[Australopithecus]], and earlier species of the [[genus]] ''[[Homo]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/whats-in-a-name-hominid-versus-hominin-216054/?no-ist |title=What’s in a Name? Hominid Versus Hominin |author=Erin Wayman |date=16 November 2011 |website= |publisher=Smithsonian.com |accessdate=25 June 2015}}</ref> It includes all those hominid [[species]] which arose after the split from the other great apes. ==Classification (living members)== *Tribe Gorillini **Genus [[Gorilla]] ***[[Western gorilla]], (''Gorilla gorilla'') ****[[Western lowland gorilla]], (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') ****[[Cross River Gorilla|Cross River gorilla]], (''Gorilla gorilla diehli'') ***[[Eastern gorilla]], (''Gorilla beringei'') ****[[Mountain gorilla]], (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') ****[[Eastern Lowland gorilla]], (''Gorilla beringei graueri'') *Tribe [[Hominini]] **Genus [[Pan (genus)|Pan]] ***[[Common chimpanzee]], (''Pan troglodytes'') ****[[Central chimpanzee]], (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') ****[[West African chimpanzee]], (''Pan troglodytes verus'') ****[[Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee]], (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') ****[[Eastern chimpanzee]], (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') ***[[Bonobo]] (Pygmy chimpanzee), (''Pan paniscus'') **Genus [[Homo (genus)|Homo]] ***[[Human]], (''[[Homo sapiens]]'') ****Modern Human, (''Homo sapiens sapiens'') [[File:Homininae.svg|thumb|left|450px|Evolutionary tree of the superfamily [[Hominoidea]]]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{commons}} [[category:Apes]] [[category:Hominids]] 7gckjh5sefegexj2d3t7g2i61ihb77n 0 296377 10882464 10874954 2026-06-09T17:00:14Z ~2026-34102-03 1819168 /* */ 10882464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic Taxobox | name = Hominini | image = Male Bonobo Lola ya Bonobo 2008.jpg | image_width = 230px | image_caption = Male [[bonobo]] | taxon = Hominini | authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], [[1825]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]}} '''Hominini''' is the tribe of [[Homininae|African apes]] that comprises [[human]]s (''Homo''), and all ancestors of ''Homo sapiens'' back to the split from the apes. This branching is now dated at five to eight million years ago, with ''[[Sahelanthropus]]'' as a key [[fossil]].<ref>Wood B. 2010. Reconstructing human evolution: achievements, challenges, and opportunities. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' '''107''': 8902–8909. [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/Supplement_2/8902.full]</ref> A less frequent usage includes the two species present-day of the [[genus]] ''[[Chimpanzee|Pan]]'' (the [[chimpanzee]] and the [[bonobo]]). In this case, the subtribe [[Hominina]] is the "human" branch, including genus ''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' and its close relatives, but not ''Pan''. All species in this tribe carry the same four blood-types which can be exchanged between species. ==Genera== Subtribe Panina *''[[Chimpanzee|Pan]]'' ([[chimpanzee]]s) Subtribe [[Hominina]] *''[[Homo (genus)|Homo]]'' ([[human]]s) *†''[[Paranthropus]]'' *†''[[Australopithecus]]'' *†''[[Sahelanthropus]]'' *†''[[Orrorin]]'' *†''[[Ardipithecus]]'' *†''[[Kenyanthropus]]'' [[File:Homininae.svg|center|frame|[[Tree of life (biology)|Evolutionary tree]] of the superfamily [[Hominoidea]]. It highlights the subfamily Homininae. First the gibbons ([[Hylobatidae]]) split from the main line some 18 million years ago. Next, the subfamily [[Ponginae]] broke away—leading to the current orangutan. Later the Homininae split into the tribe [[Hominini]] (with subtribes Hominina and Panina), and the tribe [[Gorilla|Gorillini]]]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Hominids]] [[Category:Apes]] [[Category:Hominins| ]] [[Category:Taxa described in 1948]] [[Category:Mammals described in the 20th century]] npx6amjez9xihgzxti18an7hu65qbec 0 303105 10882560 10851360 2026-06-09T19:35:07Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Robert_Johnson_1936.jpg|Robert_Johnson_1936.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:CSD#F2|CSD F2]] (fair use content)&#58; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Johnson.png. 10882560 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''27 club''' is the name given to a group of [[musician|musicians]], [[artists]], [[actors]] and other [[celebrities]] who died at age 27. The members or number of members of this group is not fixed. ==Musicians often included in the 27 Club== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%" ! class="unsortable"|Picture ! Name ! When they died ! class="unsortable"|How they died ! class="unsortable"|What they did ! Age |- | |[[Robert Johnson (musician)|Robert Johnson]] |August 16, 1938 |[[Poison|Poisoned]] |Played as a solo artist and became well known for being so good at guitar, he could play two different riffs at the same time. |27 years, 97 days |- |[[File:MalcolmHale.jpg|129x129px]] |[[Malcolm Hale]] |October 30, 1968 |[[Carbon monoxide poisoning|Carbon Monoxide poisoning]] |Sang and wrote songs for [[Spanky and Our Gang]] |27 years, 166 days |- | [[Image:Brian-Jones-1965 (cropped).jpg|100px|Brian Jones in 1965]] | style=white-space:nowrap| {{sortname|Brian|Jones}} | style=white-space:nowrap|{{dts|1969|7|3}} | [[Drowned]] in a swimming pool from asthmatic attack and [[drugs]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/celebrity/brian_jones/ |title=All about Brian Jones, by Anthony Bruno — "Death by Misadventure" — Crime Library on |publisher=Trutv.com |date=1969-07-10 |access-date=2011-07-23}}</ref> | Was in the band [[The Rolling Stones]] | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1942|2|28|1969|7|3}} |- | [[File:Jimi Hendrix thumbnail.jpg|100px|Jimi Hendrix]] | style=white-space:nowrap| {{sortname|Jimi|Hendrix}} | style=white-space:nowrap|{{dts|1970|9|18}} | choked on [[vomit]] caused by [[intoxication]] by multiple substances | Sang, played guitar and wrote songs for [[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]] and [[Band of Gypsys]] | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1942|11|27|1970|9|18}} |- | [[File:Janis Joplin 1970.JPG|100px|Janis Joplin]] | style=white-space:nowrap| {{sortname|Janis|Joplin}} | style=white-space:nowrap|{{dts|1970|10|4}} | [[Overdosed]] on [[heroin]] and other [[drugs]] <ref>{{cite news|date=May 11, 1998|title=Janis Joplin: A Cry Cutting Through Time|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/features/joplin.htm}}</ref> | Sang and wrote songs for [[Big Brother and the Holding Company]], [[The Cosmic Blues Band]] and [[Full Tilt Boogie Band]] | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1943|1|19|1970|10|4}} |- | [[File:Jim Morrison 1970.jpg|100px|Jim Morrison]] | style=white-space:nowrap| {{sortname|Jim|Morrison}} | style=white-space:nowrap|{{dts|1971|7|3}} | [[Cardiac Arrytmia]]<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1645167,00.html | magazine=Time | title=Postcard: Paris | date=July 19, 2007 | access-date=April 23, 2010 | first=Vivienne | last=Walt | archive-date=April 12, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412121338/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1645167%2C00.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> | Sang and wrote songs for [[The Doors]] | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1943|12|9|1971|7|3}} |- | [[Image:Andy Warhol, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Bruno Bischofberger and Fransesco Clemente, New York, 1984.tif|100x100px|Jean-Michel Basquiat with [[Andy Warhol]], [[Bruno Bischofberger]] and [[Fransesco Clemente]]]] | style=white-space:nowrap|{{sortname|Jean-Michel|Basquiat}} | {{dts|1988|8|12}} | [[Heroin]] overdose | Artist who rose to success during the 1980s as a part of the neo-expressionism movement. | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1960|12|22|1988|8|12}} |- | [[File:Nirvana around 1992.jpg|100px|Kurt Cobain]] | style=white-space:nowrap| {{sortname|Kurt|Cobain}} | style=white-space:nowrap|{{dts|1994|4|5}} | [[Suicide]] by gunshot under the effects of [[heroin]]<ref>Van Gelder, Lawrence. (March 3, 1998)[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/03/arts/footlights.html "Footlights"], ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]''</ref> <!-- dead link:<ref>https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/nirvana/articles/story/5937930/cover_story_the_downward_spiral</ref>--> | Sang, played guitar and wrote songs for [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1967|2|20|1994|4|5}} |- | [[File:AmyWinehouseBerlin2007.jpg|100px|Amy Winehouse]] | style=white-space:nowrap| {{sortname|Amy|Winehouse}} | style=white-space:nowrap|{{dts|2011|7|23}} | [[Alcohol Intoxication]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1668182/amy-winehouse-alcohol-withdrawal.jhtml |title=Amy Winehouse's Death: Family Suspects Alcohol Withdrawal |first=Gil |last=Kaufman |work=mtv.com |date=29 July 2011 |access-date=31 July 2011 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927235104/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1668182/amy-winehouse-alcohol-withdrawal.jhtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Singer | style=white-space:nowrap|{{Age in years and days|1983|9|14|2011|7|23}} |} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Musicians]] mzy4k4yipzwodzitr7grocwprweqpfg 0 309291 10882588 10464270 2026-06-09T19:59:11Z ~2026-34148-89 1819277 /* Cast members */ 10882588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television season |season_number = 6 |bgcolour = #FF8C00 |image = |caption = |country = United States |num_episodes = 15 |network = [[Oxygen (TV channel)|Oxygen]] |first_aired = {{Dts||1|10}} |last_aired = {{End date|2011|5|9}} |episode_list = List of Bad Girls Club episodes }} '''The Bad Girls Club (season 6)''' is the sixth season of ''[[The Bad Girls Club]]''. It aired on [[Oxygen (TV channel)|Oxygen]] on January 10, 2011 based on P J Soles from Crystal Lake == About this season == The season had beat ratings from the [[The Bad Girls Club (season 5)|previous season]].<ref name="#1show">{{Cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/08/04/oxygens-bad-girls-club-miami-is-1-program-on-cable-with-women-18-34/59143 |title=Oxygen's "Bad Girls Club Miami" is #1 program on cable with Women 18-34 |author= |date=3 August 2010 |publisher=TVbythenumbers |accessdate=2 October 2010 |archive-date=6 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906204319/http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/08/04/oxygens-bad-girls-club-miami-is-1-program-on-cable-with-women-18-34/59143 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Season six also had a lot of conflicts. Some people in the area, complained to local police that the girls were screaming all night club. They also stated that their children heard curse words coming from them.<ref name="shermanoaks">{{cite news |title='Bad Girls Club' Experience May Hinder Local Production Push |author=Doug Kriegel |url=http://shermanoaks.patch.com/articles/bad-girls-club-experience-may-hinder-local-production-push#video-3837952 |newspaper=Sherman Oaks Patch |date=28 December 2010 |accessdate=23 April 2011 |archive-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715051540/http://shermanoaks.patch.com/articles/bad-girls-club-experience-may-hinder-local-production-push#video-3837952 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Season 6 was filmed in [[Hollywood, California]]. [[Perez Hilton]] hosted the reunion specials.<ref name="Season 5">{{cite web|url= http://tv.msn.com/tv/series-episodes/the-bad-girls-club/|title= ''Bad Girls Club'' episodes|author= Bunim/Murray Productions|date= 17 November 2010|publisher= Oxygen.com|accessdate= 10 November 2010|archive-date= 8 January 2010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100108192131/http://tv.msn.com/tv/series-episodes/the-bad-girls-club/|url-status= dead}}</ref> [[Guinness Book of World Records]] named their [[creed]] as "the tallest creed in history". In this season, there were a high number of "replacements". The season was nominated for "Favorite Reality-Show Guilty Pleasure" at the iVillage Entertainment Awards.<ref name="awards">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ivillage.com/red-carpet-fever/1-i-315107 |title=Bad Girls Club 6 Nominated for award |author= |date=1 February 2011 |publisher=[[IVillage]] |accessdate=1 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="awards2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ivillage.com/video-bad-girls-club-reacts-their-ivillage-entertainment-awards-nomination/1-a-319071 |title=The 'Bad Girls Club' Cast Reacts to Their iVillage Entertainment Awards Nomination! |author=Jacki Garfinkel |date=31 January 2011 |publisher=[[IVillage]] |accessdate=1 February 2011}}</ref> == Main Cast (the "Originals") == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Name !Location !"Bad Girl" nickname !Age |rowspan="8"|<ref name="Oxygen">{{Cite web |url=http://bad-girls-club.oxygen.com/bgc/photos/meet-the-bad-girls#1 |title=Meet the Bad Girls of season six |author= |publisher=Oxygen |accessdate=21 November 2010}}</ref> |- |Charmaine "Char" Warren |[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] |"C.E.B." aka "The Chief Executive Bitch" |27 |- |Jade Bennett |[[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]] |"The Party Diva" |21 |- |Jessica Rodriguez |[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] |"The Mouth" |22 |- |Kori Koether |[[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Arizona]] |"Botox Barbie" |21 |- |Lauren Spears |[[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]], [[Kentucky]] |"The Southern Spitfire" |21 |- |Nicole "Nikki" Galladay |[[Annandale, New Jersey|Annandale]], [[New Jersey]] |"The Prankster" |22 |- |Sydney Steinfeldt |[[Dallas]], [[Texas]] |"The Sexy Siren" |21 |- |} === Replacement Girls === {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Name !Location !"Bad Girl" nickname !Replaced !Age | rowspan="14"|<ref name="Cast">{{Cite web |url=http://bad-girls-club.oxygen.com/meet-the-cast-bgc |title=Cast of Bad Girls Club Miami |author= |publisher=Oxygen |accessdate=2 October 2010}}</ref> |- |Ashley King |[[Norfolk, Virginia]] ||"The Bombshell" |''Jade'' |21 |- |Jennifer Buonagurio |[[Bergen County]], [[New Jersey]] ||"The Jersey Princess" |''Sydney'' |21 |- |Wilmarie "Wilma" Sena |[[Passaic, New Jersey|Passaic]], [[New Jersey]] |"Rough Rider" |''Ashley'' |27 |- |} == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bad Girls Club (season 06)}} [[Category:2011 American television seasons]] [[Category:Bad Girls Club seasons|6]] 5vk5ya6vywqetbnd8wrvgy55w61o6rg 0 315594 10883071 10816516 2026-06-10T10:52:10Z Werner100359 106408 /* Competition record */ 10883071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Südburgenland | image = FCS Logo.gif| upright = | fullname = Fußball Club Südburgenland | nickname = | founded = 2002 | ground = Sportplatz Olbendorf,<br> [[Olbendorf]] | capacity = 1,000 | chairman = Christine Koch | coach = Josef Heiling | league = [[ÖFB-Frauenliga]] | season = 2022/23 | position = '''7'''th| pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=FFFFFF|body1=FFFFFF|rightarm1=FFFFFF|shorts1=0000FF|socks1=0000FF| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=| leftarm2=FF8C00|body2=FF8C00|rightarm2=FF8C00|shorts2=000000|socks2=000000| website = http://www.fcsuedburgenland.at| }} '''Fußball Club Südburgenland''' is an [[Austria]]n [[women's association football|women's football club]] from [[Olbendorf]] in the south of the federal state [[Burgenland]]. This is the reason for the name of the team. ==History== The club was founded in 2002. It has played in the [[ÖFB-Frauenliga]] since the 2003–04 season. In their first season they reached the fourth position and played in the national cup's final. The team spent the next seasons in the in the bottom half of the table, but it was never relegated. 2011 Südburgenland was the championship's runner-up and in 2012 it was fourth. It has also reached the cup's semifinals in three of the last fourth seasons as of 2012.<ref>[http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oost-womchamp.html ÖFB-Frauenliga results and tables] in [[RSSSF]].com</ref> FC Südburgenland and TSV Hartberg formed a joint team in the summer of 2023. <ref>[https://tsv-hartberg-fussball.at/kooperation-mit-dem-fc-suedburgenland/ Hartberg Homepage] </ref>The team is playing in the [[ÖFB-Frauenliga]]. ==2025–2026 squad== {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=1|nat=AUT|name=[[Fiona Fazekas]]|pos=GK}} {{Fs player|no=5|nat=HUN|name=[[Gabriella Rozmis]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=7|nat=AUT|name=[[Anna Tauschmann]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=8|nat=AUT|name=[[Enja Höfer]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=9|nat=AUT|name=[[Anja Bacher]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=11|nat=AUT|name=[[Katja Graf]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=12|nat=AUT|name=[[Katja Dorn]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=14|nat=AUT|name=[[Maja Markun ]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=15|nat=AUT|name=[[Hanna Graf]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=17|nat=AUT|name=[[Natalie Wagner]]|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=18|nat=AUT|name=[[Hannah Maurer]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=20|nat=AUT|name=[[Jasmin Dorfmeister ]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=21|nat=AUT|name=[[Phoebe-Alexa Lissl ]]|pos=GK}} {{Fs player|no=22|nat=AUT|name=[[Lena Schandl]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=23|nat=AUT|name=[[Leonie Ingrid Pinter ]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=27|nat=AUT|name=[[Vanessa Beiglböck]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=28|nat=AUT|name=[[Marie-Kristin Leitner ]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=33|nat=AUT|name=[[Bianca Gröller]]|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=34|nat=AUT|name=[[Sophie Sassy ]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=41|nat=AUT|name=[[Sara Melissa Zedrosser ]]|pos=GK}} {{Fs player|no=41|nat=HUN|name=[[Panna Kollár]]|pos=GK}} {{Fs player|no=42|nat=AUT|name=[[Alissa Zimmermann]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no=61|nat=AUT|name=[[Stephanie Rinnhofer]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=70|nat=CRO|name=[[Verena Čebić ]]|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=71|nat=AUT|name=[[Hannah Schöberl]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs player|no=77|nat=HUN|name=[[Lilla Sipos]]|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=86|nat=HUN|name=[[Dóra Schvirján]]|pos=GK}} {{Fs player|no=91|nat=HUN|name=[[Petra Petrovics]]|pos=FW}} {{Fs player|no=95|nat=HUN|name=[[Virág Kovács]]|pos=DF}} {{Fs player|no= |nat=HUN|name=[[Hanna Kiss-Lantos]]|pos=MF}} {{Fs end}} <ref>[https://www.soccerdonna.de/de/spg-suedburgenland-tsv-hartberg/startseite/verein_13271.html# FC Südburgenland/TSV Hartberg Kader (German)]</ref> ==Competition record== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#f0f6fa;" !'''Season''' !'''Division''' !'''Place''' !'''[[ÖFB Ladies Cup|ÖFB Cup]]''' |- |2003–04 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''4'''th |bgcolor=silver|Finalist |- |2004–05 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''8'''th |Round of 16 |- |2005–06 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''9'''th |Round of 16 |- |2006–07 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''7'''th |Quarterfinals |- |2007–08 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''8'''th |Round of 16 |- |2008–09 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''7'''th |bgcolor=#DEB887|Semifinals |- |2009–10 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''6'''th |Quarterfinals |- |2010–11 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |bgcolor=silver|{{0}}'''2'''nd |bgcolor=#DEB887|Semifinals |- |2011–12 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''4'''th |bgcolor=#DEB887|Semifinals |- |2012–13 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''8'''th |Round of 16 |- |2013–14 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''7'''th |Round of 16 |- |2014–15 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''8'''th |Quarterfinals |- |2015–16 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''8'''th |Round of 16 |- |2016–17 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''9'''th |Round of 16 |- |2017–18 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''9'''th |1st round |- |2018–19 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''9'''th |Round of 16 |- |2020-21 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''9'''th |No competition (Corona) |- |2021-22 |bgcolor=gold|'''1''' |{{0}}'''10'''th |1st round |- |2022-23 |'''2''' |{{0}}'''7'''th |Round of 16 |- |2023-24 |'''2''' |{{0}}'''3'''rd <ref>Joint team with TSV Hartberg </ref> |Round of 16 |- |2024-25 |'''2''' |bgcolor=silver|{{0}}'''1'''st |Round of 16 |- |2025-26 |'''1''' |{{0}}'''10'''th |Quarterfinals |} ==Honours== === League=== '''FC HOCO Südburgenland''' * '''[[ÖFB-Frauenliga]]:''' '''1x runner-up(2010/11)'''; * '''2. Division Ost:''' 1x Meister (2002/03) === Cup === * '''ÖFB-Frauencup''': 1x runner-up(2004), 2x Semifinal(2009, 2011), 3x Quarterfinals(2007, 2008, 2010) * ''' Burgenland-Womencup:''': 1x (2010) === Other honours=== * '''1x "Team of the year" Burgenland (2010)''' * '''3x nomination "Team of the year" Burgenland (2004, 2009, 2010)''' * '''1x Bruno''' as "Women team of the season 2010/11" * '''Nomination Jennifer Pöltl "Bruno 2010" best player season 2009/10''' ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sudburgenland, FC}} [[Category:Women's football in Austria]] [[Category:Austrian football clubs]] [[Category:Burgenland]] [[Category:2002 establishments in Austria]] f72xe8zwwkzyyyre4gydtbzdjt88xlx 0 328175 10882525 10230756 2026-06-09T18:55:12Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Weapon |name= Type 98 320 mm mortar |image= Type98 320mm mortar IJA.jpg |caption= Type 98 320mm mortar |origin= {{Flag|Empire of Japan}} |type= Mortar <!-- Type selection --> |is_ranged= Yes |is_bladed= |is_explosive= Yes |is_artillery= Yes |is_vehicle= |is_missile= |is_UK= <!-- Service history --> |service= |used_by= Japan |wars= World War II <!-- Production history --> |designer= |design_date= |manufacturer= |unit_cost= |production_date= |number= |variants= <!-- General specifications --> |spec_label= |weight= 675 lbs (projectile) |length= |part_length= |width= |height= |diameter= |crew= <!-- Ranged weapon specifications --> |cartridge= |caliber= |barrels= |action= |rate= |velocity= |range= |max_range= |feed= |sights= <!-- Artillery specifications --> |breech= |recoil= |carriage= |elevation= |traverse= <!-- Explosive specifications --> |filling= |filling_weight= |detonation= |yield= }} {{nihongo|'''Type 98 320 mm mortar'''|九八式臼砲|Kyūhachi-shiki-kyūhō}}, also known as a "32-cm" gun,<ref>Rottman, Gordon L. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=B89Ga-vKP18C&pg=PA50&dq= ''Japanese Army in World War II: Conquest of the Pacific 1941-42,'' p. 50]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> was a [[Mortar (weapon)|mortar]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] (IJA).<ref>This field gun type was named "ninety-eight" because it was first built in 1938; and 1938 was the 25'''98'''th year since [[Emperor Jimmu]], the first Emperor of Japan. The [[Japanese Imperial year]] was ''[[Kōki]] 25'''98''''' (皇紀2598年).</ref> It is an example of a type of [[artillery]] called "spigot mortars".<ref name="alexander">Alexander, Joseph. [http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/npswapa/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003131-00/pcn-190-003131-00/sec5.htm#mortar "The Japanese 320mm spigot mortar,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311011004/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/npswapa/extContent/usmc/pcn-190-003131-00/pcn-190-003131-00/sec5.htm#mortar |date=2014-03-11 }}''Closing In: Marines in the Seizure of Iwo Jima''; retrieved 2012-2-20.</ref> ==History== This artillery piece was used by the [[Japan]]ese military during [[World War II]].<ref name="appleman">Appleman, Roy E. ''et al.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20090113091726/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/chapter4.htm ''Okinawa: The Last Battle,'' pp. 90-91]; retrieved 2012-2-20.</ref> ==Combat record== During World War II, the IJA had 12 Type 98s at the [[Battle of Iwo Jima]].<ref name="moore">Moore, Jeff M. [http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,NH_0205_Intel-P1,00.html "The High Cost of Faulty Intel,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805214244/http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,NH_0205_Intel-P1,00.html |date=2014-08-05 }} ''Naval History,'' February 2005; retrieved 2012-2-20.</ref> The Type 98 mortars were also used on [[Okinawa]].<ref name="appleman"/> ==Related pages == * [[Artillery of Japan]] * [[List of field guns]] * [[List of heavy mortars]] * [[List of howitzers]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Type 98 320 mm mortar}} * [http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/98-32.htm Type 98 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130184723/http://www3.plala.or.jp/takihome/98-32.htm |date=2012-01-30 }} {{Japan-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Type 98 320 mm mortar}} [[Category:Japanese weapons]] [[Category:Artillery]] ndb2h5yn7i62p5dk1hnxo0j7bz3rp7o 0 329776 10882496 10882193 2026-06-09T17:48:35Z ~2026-34075-71 1819220 I added more 10882496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox short story | name = ''The Fall of the House of Usher'' | title_orig = | translator = | image = The Fall of the House of Usher.jpg | caption = Illustration by Harry Clarke, 1919 | author = [[Edgar Allan Poe]] | country = United States | language = English | series = | genre = [[Horror]] | published_in = ''[[Burton's Gentleman's Magazine]]'' | publisher = | media_type = Print | pub_date = September 1839 | english_pub_date = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }} {{Wikisource}} '''''The Fall of the House of Usher''''' is a [[short story]] by [[Edgar Allan Poe]]. It was first [[publish]]ed in [[September]] 1839 in ''[[Burton's Gentleman's Magazine]]''. It was slightly revised in 1840 and published in a collection of Poe's stories called ''Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque''. The [[poem]] "The Haunted Palace" is part of the story. [[Vincent Price]] and Myrna Fahey starred in a 1960 [[Roger Corman]] [[movie]] based on the story. == Story == This story is by an unnamed narrator who is a friend of Roderick Usher-who believes he is sick and dying. His house is crumbling. Usher has a [[sister]], Madeleine. She falls into a catatonic state. She appears dead. Roderick knows she is not dead. He places her in the family [[tomb]]. On a stormy night, she rises from the tomb. She falls upon her [[brother]]. She is dead. Her brother dies from terror. The house crumbles and falls. The narrator flees and sees the spot where the house was has been covered by water. ==== Analysis ==== In modern literature, authors often use narrators as a plot device to add to the immersive nature of their stories. Authors like Edgar Allan Poe purposefully make some of their narrators unreliable due to insanity, immaturity, or other factors, and as a result, the telling of the story cannot fully be trusted. Poe implies that the narrator of “The Fall of the House of Usher” becomes unreliable throughout the story, adding to the unnerving ambiguity of Poe’s writing. The line between reality and fantasy becomes blurred for the narrator of “The Fall of the House of Usher” as he spends more time in the house. As the narrator arrives at the estate, he provides clear descriptions of the building and its surroundings, as well as his impressions of the area. The “bleak walls” and “white trunks of decayed trees” give the narrator an “utter depression of soul,” but this reaction is reasonable given the dark, gothic architecture and the foreboding unkempt grounds of the manor (Poe). However, as he spends more and more time in the house, he starts losing touch with reality. Late at night, as he is reading a book aloud, he starts hearing the sounds described in the story as reality. For example, the book he is reading describes a “brazen shield” falling onto the floor with a “terrible ringing sound,” and as this is happening, the narrator hears a  “hollow, metallic, and clangorous” sound, and thinks to himself that it is “as if a shield of brass” had fallen on the ground (Poe). While some may say that this is reasonable because he is making a connection to the text, it is evident in his description that he is at least considering the fact that these sounds are one and the same as the ones in the book. This instantaneous association of the fiction that he is reading with the sounds of reality shows that the narrator is losing his grasp of the distinction between the two. The progression of the narrator from a normal person to a reality-challenged person adds to the mystique and horror of Poe’s writing in multiple ways, as well as showcasing his true purpose. The fact that the change is implied (and not outright stated) allows the reader to come to this realization on their own, making the reader question where the change happens - where the story becomes something they can’t fully trust. In this piece, Poe purposefully leaves it up to the reader to whether the things that are happening are purely psychological, supernatural, or a blend of the two, and throwing an unreliable narrator into the mix provides his audience with the perfect amount of uncertainty and ambiguity to allow them to fill in the gaps and blank space with whatever scares them the most. In addition to the psychological change adding ambiguity to the story,  the narrator beginning as a normal person provides the audience with a relatable person to put themselves in the shoes of. Then, as the narrator starts to lose touch, the reader feels like this could/is happening to them, making them all the more terrified. In addition, the narrator losing touch with what is real and what is not makes the audience wonder what about the House of Usher (referring both to the dwelling and its inhabitants) causes this mental deterioration, as we see it in Roderick Usher as well. Because Poe does not provide a specific cause for this deterioration, it can be viewed as a commentary on the class system in and of itself (as in the story all who associate with the upper class suffer), and how the self-centeredness and pride of the upper class in Poe’s time - as well as the physical representations of that self-bestowed superiority (the estates of those people) - caused those people to lose touch with the reality of the world. While they may have seen reality and fiction as one and the same, the upper class was often unaware or indifferent to the problems of the lower class - disease, poverty, death, and mistreatment. The upper class’s removed status and abundance of wealth made them unaffected by these problems, and due to human nature, uncaring. Poe is highlighting the problems with the class system, hyperbolically describing the disconnect from reality that the aristocracy experiences. By portraying these disconnected individuals in a negative light, he encourages his audiences to stay grounded in reality and not discount the problems of other people or groups. The use of this subtle change in the narrator both terrifies the audience, making them feel more connected to the story, as well as teaching his audience an important lesson about society. The change in the narrator’s perception of the distinction between fantasy and reality brings the audience further into the story and enables a combination of ambiguity and personal connection with the narrator to truly terrify Poe’s audience. Furthermore, the parallel between the narrators’ change and the upper class of the time allows Poe to teach his readers a lesson about keeping themselves grounded in the real-world problems of others, highlighting the dangers of allowing yourself to drift away from the cold, hard truth. == Other websites == {{Commonscat}} * {{Gutenberg|no=932|name=The Fall of the House of Usher}} * {{Gutenberg|no=6557|name=The Fall of the House of Usher}} (audiobook) * [http://www.eapoe.org/works/tales/usherf.htm Full text] as reprinted in ''The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe'' (1850) * [http://www.bartleby.com/195/10.html Full text] at Bartelby.com * [http://poestories.com/read/houseofusher "The Fall of the House of Usher" with annotated vocabulary] at PoeStories.com * [http://www.amlit.com/fallusher/chap0.html Full text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302204058/http://www.amlit.com/fallusher/chap0.html |date=2012-03-02 }} at American Literature * [http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/Usher.html#Top Study guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224001210/http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides2/Usher.html#Top |date=2012-02-24 }} * [http://poedecoder.com/essays/usher/ Analysis] by Martha Womack {{lit-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fall of the House of Usher}} [[Category:1830s short stories]] [[Category:Horror stories]] [[Category:Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe]] l9kiit6q4rxaldw412wdx69ub5uyvze 0 329988 10882305 10856870 2026-06-09T13:39:31Z Campssitie 1556751 word changing + minor formatting + [[en:MOS:HEADINGS]] 10882305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hylocereus undatus red pitahaya.jpg|thumb|right|Dragon fruit]] [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|thumb|Fruits on a plant]] [[File:Hylocereus monacanthus246651749.jpg|thumb|Flower]] '''Pitaya fruit''', '''pitahaya fruit''', known as the '''dragon fruit''', is a [[fruit]] from [[Central America]], [[South America]], and [[Asia]]. It has a light sweet [[taste]], a distinctive shape and color, and a texture close to a [[Kiwifruit|kiwi]]. In addition to being tasty and refreshing, it contains a lot of [[water]] and other important minerals and nutrients.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Are the Health Benefits of Dragon Fruit?|url=https://www.verywellfit.com/dragon-fruit-calories-carbs-nutrition-facts-4172559|access-date=2024-08-15|website=Verywell Fit|language=en|archive-date=2024-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815172419/https://www.verywellfit.com/dragon-fruit-calories-carbs-nutrition-facts-4172559|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Pitaya'' usually refers to fruit of the genus ''[[Stenocereus]]'', while ''pitahaya'' or '''dragon fruit''' refers to fruit of the genus ''[[Selenicereus]]'' (formerly ''Hylocereus''), both in the family [[Cactaceae]].<ref name="EoFN">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI]] (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International)|year=2008|isbn=978-0-85199-638-7|editor-last1=Janick|editor-first1=Jules|location=[[Cambridge, United Kingdom]]|pages=215–216, 222–226|chapter=C|editor-last2=Paull|editor-first2=Robert E.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC&pg=PA215}}</ref> The common name in English{{emdash}}dragon fruit {{emdash}}derives from the leather [[Peel (fruit)|skin]] and scaly spikes on the fruit exterior. Depending on the variety, pitaya fruits may have sweet or sour-tasting flesh that can be red, white, or yellow in color. == Occurrence == It is known as “pitaya” if it comes from the very closely related Stenographers genus. The actual dragon fruit is the fruit of the [[cactus]] genus ''Hylocereus''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC&pg=PA215|title=The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts|last=Janick|first=Jules|last2=Paull|first2=Robert E.|date=2008|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-0-85199-638-7|language=en}}</ref> Occuring in [[Mexico]], [[South America]], as well as Central America. It is possible it was introduced to [[Southeast Asia]]n nations through [[Vietnam]], alongside trade with the French during the 1800s. [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], [[Taiwan]], [[Vietnam]], and the [[Philippines]], where it holds as an important part of their [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} As of 2024, the countries where most of these are grown commercially for their fruit are [[Nicaragua]], the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Vietnam]], and [[Israel]]. == Yellow pitaya == The yellow dragon fruit has yellow skin and has white flesh. It has the highest sugar content among dragon fruits.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emoha|date=2022-04-26|title=Yellow Dragon Fruit – Nature’s Boon For Seniors|url=https://emoha.com/blogs/convenience/yellow-dragon-fruit-benefits-and-nutrition-value|access-date=2024-08-15|website=Emoha Blogs}}</ref> In Chinese, it is called "giraffe family" and is usually found in Hong Kong. The ripe ones have a sweet taste like [[sugar]]. == Gallery == <gallery> File:Dragonfruit tree.jpg|Pitaya "tree" File:Naozhou - P1570863 - dragon fruit.JPG|Plantation in [[Naozhou Island]] File:Hylocereus undatus in bloom in Kona.jpg|Flowering, at night File:Yellow dragon fruit (50831s).jpg|Yellow ''[[Selenicereus megalanthus|S. megalanthus]]'' File:Hylocereus polyrhizus.jpg|Red ''[[Selenicereus costaricensis|S. costaricensis]]'' File:Jus buah naga.jpg|''Jus buah naga'', purple pitaya juice, Indonesia File:Pitaya Colors.jpg|Red, yellow and white fruits File:MAPElNorte025.JPG|Dress for a folk dance called ''Flor de Pitahaya'' "Pitahaya Flower" from [[Baja California Sur]] displayed at the [[Museo de Arte Popular]] in Mexico City File:Dragon fruit (Pitaya).jpg|Dissected pitaya </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} {{Fruits}} [[Category:Fruits]] [[Category:Cactaceae]] {{food-stub}} https://www.producebluebook.com/know-your-commodity/dragon-fruit/ f2nfggp2o9pl78uce2t57e1nsjt8it2 10882306 10882305 2026-06-09T13:46:58Z Campssitie 1556751 more word changing (to be a little simpler) + organizing + linking + misc. 10882306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hylocereus undatus red pitahaya.jpg|thumb|right|Dragon fruit]] [[File:Fruits mûrs.JPG|thumb|Fruits on a plant]] [[File:Hylocereus monacanthus246651749.jpg|thumb|Flower]] '''Pitaya fruit''', known as '''pitahaya''' or '''dragon fruit''', is a [[fruit]] from [[Central America]], [[South America]], and [[Asia]]. It has a sweet [[taste]], a specific shape and color, and a texture close to a [[Kiwifruit|kiwi]]. It contains a lot of [[water]] and important minerals and nutrients.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Are the Health Benefits of Dragon Fruit?|url=https://www.verywellfit.com/dragon-fruit-calories-carbs-nutrition-facts-4172559|access-date=2024-08-15|website=Verywell Fit|language=en|archive-date=2024-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815172419/https://www.verywellfit.com/dragon-fruit-calories-carbs-nutrition-facts-4172559|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Pitaya'' usually refers to fruit of the genus ''[[Stenocereus]]'', while ''pitahaya'' or '''dragon fruit''' refers to fruit of the genus ''[[Selenicereus]]'' (formerly ''Hylocereus''). They are both in the family [[Cactaceae]].<ref name="EoFN">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI]] (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International)|year=2008|isbn=978-0-85199-638-7|editor-last1=Janick|editor-first1=Jules|location=[[Cambridge, United Kingdom]]|pages=215–216, 222–226|chapter=C|editor-last2=Paull|editor-first2=Robert E.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC&pg=PA215}}</ref> The common name in English{{emdash}}dragon fruit{{emdash}}derives from the leather skin and scaly spikes on the outside of the fruit. Depending on the variety, pitaya fruits may have sweet or sour-tasting flesh that can be red, white, or yellow in color. It is known as “pitaya” if it comes from the very closely related Stenographers genus. The actual dragon fruit is the fruit of the [[cactus]] genus ''Hylocereus''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC&pg=PA215|title=The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts|last=Janick|first=Jules|last2=Paull|first2=Robert E.|date=2008|publisher=CABI|isbn=978-0-85199-638-7|language=en}}</ref> == Occurrence == Occuring in [[Mexico]], [[South America]], as well as Central America, it is possible it was introduced during the 1800s to [[Southeast Asia]]n nations in [[Vietnam]]. This includes trade with the French, [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]], [[Taiwan]], [[Vietnam]], and the [[Philippines]], where it is an important part of their [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}} As of 2024, the countries where most of these are grown commercially for their fruit are [[Nicaragua]], the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Vietnam]], and [[Israel]]. == Yellow pitaya == The yellow dragon fruit has yellow skin and white flesh. It has the highest sugar content among dragon fruits.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emoha|date=2022-04-26|title=Yellow Dragon Fruit – Nature’s Boon For Seniors|url=https://emoha.com/blogs/convenience/yellow-dragon-fruit-benefits-and-nutrition-value|access-date=2024-08-15|website=Emoha Blogs}}</ref> In Chinese, it is called "giraffe family" and is usually found in [[Hong Kong]]. The ripe ones have a sweet taste like [[sugar]]. == Gallery == <gallery> File:Dragonfruit tree.jpg|Pitaya "tree" File:Naozhou - P1570863 - dragon fruit.JPG|Plantation in [[Naozhou Island]] File:Hylocereus undatus in bloom in Kona.jpg|Flowering, at night File:Yellow dragon fruit (50831s).jpg|Yellow ''[[Selenicereus megalanthus|S. megalanthus]]'' File:Hylocereus polyrhizus.jpg|Red ''[[Selenicereus costaricensis|S. costaricensis]]'' File:Jus buah naga.jpg|''Jus buah naga'', purple pitaya juice, Indonesia File:Pitaya Colors.jpg|Red, yellow and white fruits File:MAPElNorte025.JPG|Dress for a folk dance called ''Flor de Pitahaya'' "Pitahaya Flower" from [[Baja California Sur]] displayed at the [[Museo de Arte Popular]] in Mexico City File:Dragon fruit (Pitaya).jpg|Dissected pitaya </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} {{Fruits}} [[Category:Fruits]] [[Category:Cactaceae]] {{food-stub}} https://www.producebluebook.com/know-your-commodity/dragon-fruit/ awvbewxbdu32ktp56my37x5uocmiq38 0 331396 10882437 10881769 2026-06-09T16:16:12Z ~2026-33650-24 1817739 10882437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = Entertainment Tonight 2021.svg | caption = | camera = | runtime = 30 minutes | creator = [[Alfred Masini]] | developer = | executive_producer = Linda Bell Blue | producer = Kaylee Stacey | company = [[Paramount Television]] (1981-2006)<br>''in association with:''<br>Cox Broadcasting (1981-1997)<br>[[Taft Broadcasting|Taft Entertainment Television]] (1981-1987)<br>[[Taft Broadcasting|Great American Broadcasting]] (1987-1991)<br>TeleRep (1981-1991)<hr>[[CBS Television Studios|CBS Paramount Television]] (2006-2007)<br>[[CBS Television Distribution]] (2007-present) | presenter = [[Kevin Frazier]] (2014–present)<br>[[Nischelle Turner]] (2021–present) | country = United States | language = English | network = [[Syndicated]] | first_aired = {{start date|1981|09|14}} | last_aired = present | num_seasons = 45 | num_episodes = 14,000 (as of June 9, 2026; 11,662 weekdays; 2,333 weekend) | related = ''[[Entertainment Tonight Canada|ET Canada]]''<br/>''[[Entertainment Tonight UK]]'' }} '''''Entertainment Tonight''''' is an [[entertainment]] [[news]] [[television programme|program]]. It was first broadcast on September 14, 1981. It is [[syndicated]] by [[CBS Television Distribution]] in the United States, Canada and in many countries around the world. It is the longest-running entertainment news program. The program was the first syndicated program [[distribution|distributed]] by [[Satellite television|satellite]]. The main [[wikt:host|anchor]] since 1982 had been [[Mary Hart]]. She left the program on May 20, 2011. [[Mark Steines]] and [[Nancy O'Dell]] took on the roles of main hosts after Hart left. {{TV-stub}} [[Category:1980s American television news programs]] [[Category:1981 American television series debuts]] [[Category:1990s American television news programs]] [[Category:2000s American television news programs]] [[Category:2010s American television news programs]] [[Category:2020s American television news programs]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American television news programs]] [[Category:First run syndicated American television programs]] [[Category:Television series created by Al Masini]] pl7xm4rj12fub2cjfp4d0fse2ee79sl 0 332522 10882867 8570726 2026-06-10T02:56:04Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NFL biography |position=[[Quarterback]] |number=14, 12, 16 |image=Vinny Testaverde 1.jpg |caption=Testaverde in 1996 |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1963|11|13}} |birth_place=[[Brooklyn, New York]] |high_school=[[Sewanhaka High School|Floral Park (NY) Sewanhaka]] |draftyear=1987 |draftround=1 |draftpick=1 |college=[[Miami Hurricanes football|Miami (FL)]] |teams= * [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] ({{NFL Year|1987}}–{{NFL Year|1992}}) * [[Cleveland Browns]] ({{NFL Year|1993}}–{{NFL Year|1995}}) * [[Baltimore Ravens]] ({{NFL Year|1996}}–{{NFL Year|1997}}) * [[New York Jets]] ({{NFL Year|1998}}–{{NFL Year|2003}}) * [[Dallas Cowboys]] ({{NFL Year|2004}}) * [[New York Jets]] ({{NFL Year|2005}}) * [[New England Patriots]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}) * [[Carolina Panthers]] ({{NFL Year|2007}}) |statlabel1=[[Touchdown|TD]]–[[Interception|INT]] |statvalue1=275–267 |statlabel2=Yards |statvalue2=46,233 |statlabel3=[[Passer rating]] |statvalue3=75.0 |nfl=TES415290 |CollegeHOF=2352 |highlights= * 2× [[Pro Bowl]] ([[1997 Pro Bowl|1996]], [[1999 Pro Bowl|1998]]) * [[Heisman Trophy]] (1986) * [[Maxwell Award]] (1986) * [[Davey O'Brien Award]] (1986) * [[Walter Camp Award]] (1986) *National Champion (1983) * [[Sporting News College Football Player of the Year|''Sporting News'' Player of the Year]] (1986) * [[UPI College Football Player of the Year|UPI Player of the Year]] (1986) * Consensus [[College Football All-America Team|All-American]] ([[1986 College Football All-America Team|1986]]) }} '''Vincent Frank Testaverde''' (b. 13 November 1963<ref name=yahoo/>) is a [[retirement|retired]] [[American Football]] [[quarterback]]. He played [[college football]] for the [[Miami Hurricanes]]. In the [[National Football League]], Testaverde played 21 seasons for seven different teams. He had much success, but also struggled with limiting turnovers, which was part of the reason he never stayed long with any professional team. Testaverde also never won a [[Super Bowl]]. ==Early years== Testaverde was born in [[Brooklyn, New York]], [[USA]].<ref name=yahoo/> While living in Elmont, on [[Long Island]], Testaverde went to school at [[Sewanhaka High School]] in [[Floral Park, New York|Floral Park]], and graduated in 1981.<ref name=newsday/> ==College== Testaverde played [[college football]] for the [[Miami Hurricanes]]<ref name=newsday/> for four years from 1982 through 1986. He won the [[Heisman Trophy]] as a senior.<ref name=newsday/><ref name=post/> ==Professional career== ===Career=== Testaverde was drafted by the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] in 1987.<ref name=yahoo/> He struggled with them and went on to play for the [[Cleveland Browns]]. In 1996 with the new [[Baltimore Ravens]], Testaverde threw 33 touchdown passes, over 4,100 passing yards, and 19 interceptions.<ref name=pfr/> He struggled again in 1997, and went on to the [[New York Jets]], where he had success.<ref name=newsday/> Over his later career, Testaverde bounced around the league as a backup for multiple teams. In his final NFL season in 2007, Testaverde and [[David Carr]] split time. Testaverde later announced his retirement. ===Records=== Testaverde holds several NFL records, but not all are positive. He has thrown a touchdown in 21 consecutive seasons. He has the most losses by a starting quarterback with 123. He has thrown touchdown passes to an NFL record 70 different players. ==Personal== He and his wife, Mitzi, have two daughters, Alicia Marie and Madeleine, and a son, Vincent, Jr. == References == {{reflist|refs= <ref name=yahoo>{{cite web| url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/players/70/| title=Vinny Testaverde #14 Quarterback New England Patriots| publisher=Yahoo Sports| date=2005-12-15| accessdate=1 March 2012| archive-date=2011-08-05| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805003236/http://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/players/70| url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=post>{{cite web |author=Arthur, Bruce |date=2006-11-18 |url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/columnists/story.html?id=491015fb-5107-42c9-8143-dc15e0ac8bf6&p=1 |title=Vinny, vidi, vici: Our game picker admits his aim is often little off, but like recently unretired Vinny Testaverde, he keeps on chuckin' |publisher=National Post |accessdate=23 March 2012 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104721/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/columnists/story.html?id=491015fb-5107-42c9-8143-dc15e0ac8bf6&p=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=newsday>{{cite web |author= Blair, Cynthia |date= 2004-04-24 |url=http://www.newsday.com/features/ny-iholi052404story,0,3643595.htmlstory |title=1981: Vinny Testaverde Graduates from Sewanhaka High School |publisher=Newsday |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001001722/http://www.newsday.com/features/ny-iholi052404story,0,3643595.htmlstory |archivedate=October 1, 2007}}</ref> <ref name=pfr>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/T/TestVi00.htm| title=Vinny Testaverde NFL Football Statistics| publisher= Pro-Football-Reference.com|accessdate=23 March 2012}}</ref> }} ==Other websites== * [http://www.patriots.com/team/index.cfm?ac=playerbio&bio=32326 New England Patriots bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519112528/http://www.patriots.com/team/index.cfm?ac=playerbio&bio=32326 |date=2011-05-19 }} * {{espn nfl|id=70|name=Vinny Testaverde profile and statistics}} * {{pro-football-reference|id=TestVi00|name=Vinny Testaverde profile and statistics}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Testaverde, Vinny}} [[Category:1963 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American football quarterbacks]] [[Category:Carolina Panthers players]] [[Category:New England Patriots players]] [[Category:New York Jets players]] [[Category:Dallas Cowboys players]] [[Category:Baltimore Ravens players]] [[Category:Cleveland Browns players]] [[Category:Tampa Bay Buccaneers players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from New York City]] [[Category:Heisman Trophy winners]] buujp01ps8lapo0dg3a0ra6q54srnb4 2 332869 10882460 10881715 2026-06-09T16:58:56Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to . ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10882460 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10882462 10882460 2026-06-09T16:58:58Z Cyberbot I 224035 Setting task status to enable. ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10882462 wikitext text/x-wiki enable hvhnotax29pwsbexbq9ioaodoazlegg 0 362011 10882590 10881464 2026-06-09T20:02:27Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{recent death}} {{Infobox person | name = Stacey King | birth_name = Ronald Stacey King | birth_date = {{birth date|1967|1|29|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[Lawton, Oklahoma]], [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|6|7|1967|1|29|mf=}} | death_place = [[River Forest, Illinois]], U.S. | nationality = American | occupation = Announcer | years_active = 1989&ndash;2026 }} '''Ronald Stacey King''' (January 29, 1967 &ndash; June 7, 2026) was an [[Americans|American]] who was the announcer for the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s [[Chicago Bulls]]. He was known to provide nicknames for many of the Bulls players. King's own nicknames were '''Sky''' and '''Pearl''', named after [[Earl Monroe|Earl "The Pearl" Monroe]]. King was born on January 29, 1967 in [[Lawton, Oklahoma]].<ref>[http://www.nba.com/historical/playerfile/index.html?player=stacey_king NBA.com profile]</ref> He was raised in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. King died on June 7, 2026 after falling at his home in [[River Forest, Illinois]] at the age of 59.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://bleacherreport.com/articles/25435040-stacey-king-dies-59-bulls-broadcaster-won-3-nba-titles-alongside-michael-jordan|title=Stacey King Dies at 59, Bulls Broadcaster Won 3 NBA Titles Alongside Michael Jordan|publisher=Bleacher Report|date=June 7, 2026|accessdate=June 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/48992706/stacey-king-3-nba-champion-bulls-dies-59|title=Stacey King, 3-time NBA champion with Bulls, dies at 59|publisher=ESPN|date=June 7, 2026|accessdate=June 7, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoornstra |first=J. P. |date=2026-06-07 |title=Bulls champion, broadcaster Stacey King cause of death revealed |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/bulls-champion-broadcaster-stacey-king-174727904.html |access-date=2026-06-07 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:King, Stacey}} [[Category:1967 births]] [[Category:2026 deaths]] [[Category:African-American basketball players]] [[Category:American basketball players]] [[Category:Basketball coaches]] [[Category:Boston Celtics players]] [[Category:Centers (basketball)]] [[Category:Chicago Bulls players]] [[Category:Dallas Mavericks players]] [[Category:Miami Heat players]] [[Category:Minnesota Timberwolves players]] [[Category:National Basketball Association broadcasters]] [[Category:People from Lawton, Oklahoma]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Chicago]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Oklahoma]] [[Category:Accidental deaths from falls in the United States]] [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] hg8rijor3pz5aj2u2c5cox5tpayumd4 0 362817 10882389 10188427 2026-06-09T15:21:30Z ~2026-34153-53 1819128 10882389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox movie | name = Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin | image = | caption = | director = Karl Geurs | producer = Karl Geurs<br>Gina Shay | writer = Carter Crocker<br>Karl Geurs | narrator = [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] | starring = [[Jim Cummings]]<br>[[Ken Sansom]]<br>[[John Fiedler]]<br>[[Paul Winchell]]<br>[[Peter Cullen]]<br>[[Brady Bluhm]] | music = | studio = [[Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Disneytoon Studios]] [[Cartoon]] | distributor = [[Buena Vista Pictures]]<br>[[Walt Disney Home Video]] | released = {{film date|1997|8|5|United States}} | runtime = 75 minutes | country = United States | language = English }} '''''Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin''''' (also known as '''''Winnie the Pooh's Most Grand Adventure''''' in some countries) is a 1997 [[direct-to-video]] [[animated]] movie that serves a sequel to [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney]]'s ''[[The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]]''. It was produced by [[Walt Disney Pictures]], and was released on August 5, 1997 by [[Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment|Walt Disney Home Video]]. The movie follows Pooh and his friends on a trip to find and rescue their friend Christopher Robin from the "[[School|Skull]]". Because of the movie's dark [[theme]]s and pictures, it had mixed to negative reviews. It was the first Disney [[direct-to-video]] movie. It is also the first Winnie the Pooh movie ever to have its own special edition. ==Plot== On the last day of summer, Christopher Robin attempts to tell his friend Winnie-the-Pooh some unpleasant news, but Pooh is disinterested and continuously changes the subject. After spending the day playing, Christopher Robin leaves Pooh with the advice, "You're braver than you believe, and stronger than you seem, and smarter than you think," but the drowsy Pooh does not clearly understand. Autumn arrives the next morning, and Pooh awakes to find a pot of honey at his doorstep, failing to notice a note attached to it. After eating the contents and staining the note in honey, Pooh searches for Christopher Robin to ask about the honey pot, but discovers that he is missing. Pooh's friends – Piglet, Tigger, Rabbit, and Eeyore – have not seen Christopher Robin either and cannot decipher the note attached to the pot, so they go to Owl for assistance. Although he is able to remove some of the honey from the note, Owl misinterprets it as a request for help from Christopher Robin. Further mispronouncing the word "school" as "skull", he deduces that Christopher Robin has been taken to a distant and dangerous place called "Skull", a cave where the monstrous "Skullasaurus" resides. Owl equips the group with a map and sends them into the "Great Unknown" of the Hundred Acre Wood. Throughout their journey through the Great Unknown, the group hears strange noises behind them, which they assume is the Skullasaurus. The group slowly begins to realize just how helpless they are without Christopher Robin in the outside world. Piglet, Tigger, and Rabbit come to believe they do not have the courage, strength, or intelligence respectively to go on; Piglet is abducted by a swarm of butterflies in a tranquil field, leaving him feeling scared and powerless, Tigger plummets into a deep gorge and is unable to bounce out to safety, eventually causing the others to fall in with him, and Rabbit continuously makes poor leadership decisions following Owl's inaccurate map. Pooh tries to comfort them each with the advice Christopher Robin had given him, but fails due to his inability to remember exactly what he said. When Rabbit finally breaks down and admits he has no idea where they are going, the group comes to terms with their failure and take shelter in a nearby cave. While everyone is asleep, Pooh laments on getting no closer to finding Christopher Robin. The next morning, the five friends realize they had spent the night in the Skull Cave. Entering the cave, they split up to look for Christopher Robin. When Rabbit, Tigger, Eeyore, and Piglet eventually reunite, they are scared away by Pooh's distorted reflection as he walks towards them from behind a crystal wall, mistaking him for the Skullasaurus. As Pooh winds up stuck in a small crevasse, his friends believe that he has been eaten. They discover the "Eye of the Skull" where Christopher Robin is supposedly trapped, and overcome their fears and doubts to reach it. Observing his friends' bravery, Pooh excitedly frees himself from the tight gap, only to slip down a long descent and fall into a deep pit that he is unable to escape. While there, he realizes that Christopher Robin is still with him in his heart, even when they are not together, just as Christopher Robin had promised. As Piglet, Rabbit, Tigger, and Eeyore enter the Eye, they are found by Christopher Robin, who has been searching for them as well. He clears up Owl's misunderstanding of the note, explaining that he wanted Pooh to "help [him]self" to the honey pot he gave him. The roars of the Skullasaurus they have been plagued by were actually the noises of Pooh's stomach growling. After Christopher Robin rescues Pooh from the pit, the group exits the cave, only to discover that from the outside, it and the other places they have crossed are not nearly as big and scary as they seemed when Christopher Robin was not with them. That evening, Christopher Robin says he will be returning to school the next day, but Pooh declares that he will always be waiting for him, and the two happily watch the sunset, knowing they will always have each other in the sanctuary of the Hundred Acre Wood. ==Cast== *[[Jim Cummings]] as [[Winnie-the-Pooh]], *[[John Fiedler]] as [[Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)|Piglet]] *[[Steve Schatzberg]] as Piglet's singing voice *[[Peter Cullen]] as [[Eeyore]] *[[Paul Winchell]] as [[Tigger]] (in the later ''Winnie the Pooh'' movies by starting from ''The Tigger Movie'', Tigger was voiced by Cummings) **Jim Cummings Tigger's singing voice *[[Ken Sansom]] as [[Rabbit (Winnie the Pooh)|Rabbit]] *[[Andre Stojka]] as [[Owl (Winnie the Pooh)|Owl]] *[[Brady Bluhm]] as [[Christopher Robin]] *[[Frankie J. Galasso]] as Christopher Robin's singing voice<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119918/|title=Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> *[[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as the Narrator ==Songs== * "Forever and Ever", Performed by [[Jim Cummings]] and [[Frankie J. Galasso]] * "Adventure is a Wonderful Thing", Performed by [[Andre Stojka]] * "If It Says So, So It Is", Performed by [[Ken Sansom]] * "Wherever You Are", Performed by [[Jim Cummings]] * "Everything is Right", Performed by [[Jim Cummings]], [[Peter Cullen]], [[Ken Sansom]], [[Steve Schatzberg]], [[Jess Harnell]], and [[Frankie J. Galasso]]. * "Wherever You Are" [Reprise] (End Title Song) Performed by [[Barry Coffing]] and [[Vonda Shepard]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} * {{IMDb title|0119918}} * {{bcdb title|7276}} * [http://www.ultimatedisney.com/poohsgrandadventure.html ''Pooh's Grand Adventure'' DVD Review and Pictures at UltimateDisney.com] {{Disney direct-to-video animated features}} [[Category:1997 animated movies]] [[Category:1997 fantasy movies]] [[Category:Disney animated movies]] [[Category:American fantasy movies]] [[Category:Disney direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Direct-to-video movies]] [[Category:Movies about bears]] [[Category:Sequel movies]] [[Category:Winnie the Pooh]] npory10ep9b3wlbpn57he4uvt4tume0 0 367141 10883013 10239324 2026-06-10T09:24:40Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{NPOV|date=February 2021}} {{wikify|date=February 2021}} }} The '''Jodhra''' are a North [[Punjab region|Punjabi]] [[Rajput]] [[tribe]] who are located in Punjab's district of [[Attock]], they are densely populated in Tehsil Pindi Gheb. Jodhra Rajputs are closely allied with the Ghebas,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Llc|first=Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtLGbwAACAAJ|title=Mughal clans of Pakistan|publisher=General Books Llc|year=2010|isbn=9781155225067|pages=28–31}}</ref>Khans of Makhad. ==History== Sir Lepel Griffins book<ref>"The Punjab Chiefs"</ref> talks about their history. The Jodhra tribe converted to [[Islam]] in the hand of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], they came to Attock in the end 16th Century and got their hands on much of the land of north Punjab mainly the 'illaquas' of Sohan, Sill, Talagang and Chakwal. The Jodhra were [[independent]] Chiefs keeping up a large body of armed retainers. They saw their peak in the times of Malik Aulia Khan after which owing to family feuds and other causes the tribe has lost much of its original prosperity. Their fights with Gheba tribe were an essential part of their history and were known as 'arch-rivals' and enemies but now the two tribes inter-marry and are on friendly terms.In Sir Lepel Griffins book it is stated that the Jodhra are men of principles who could kill for their prestige, they are strong, proud of their culture and traditions. They also breed horses and are fond of hawking and field sports, they prefer service in cavalry to infantry. There are two major and powerful jodhra families in Pindi Gheb and Fateh jang: "The Kamrial Family" & "The Khunda Family" ==Kamrial Family== "kamrial family has a long history dated centuries back to the times of mughal & [[British Empire|british empire]], known for their valour. kamrial family comprises of people of kamrial mostly landlords businessmen and politicians their land ownership has a stretch of 13-16 villages now reduced to not more than 9 which got squeezed after land reforms during ayub khan's martial law and later with bhutto regime. kamrial family is headed by its powerful leaders but in the political arena they are mainly headed by two brothers Malik ahmed khan and Malik lal khan, Both esteemed businessmen. Malik lal also served in [[National Assembly of Pakistan|national assembly of pakistan]] twice and held the office as Parliamentary secretary, his son malik sohail khan is currently MNA from PML-N and ex vice chairman of district attock. Elder son of malik ahmed, malik sajjad khan kamrial is also getting a lot of traction in public as an emerging brave face of PTI in attock, younger brother of sajjad; Malik Shabbar khan is Malik Ahmed Khan's younger son who is currently the deputy Chief of 'Citizen [[Police]] Liaison Committee'. This family is very strong not only in Attock but in whole Pakistan but it is said that they hold grudges among themselves. ==khunda Family== "The Khunda Family" is also a very famous & powerful family who are landlords with a big stretch across fatehjang and are politicians. They and the Kamrial family go along well. Their main man was Malik Allahyar Khan who was rumored to be the Chief Minister of Punjab, his younger brother Malik Atta Muhammad khan who is the chief of Khunda family was also Attock district's chairman. Malik Allahyar Khan's younger son Malik Aitebar Khan is a previous MPA and MNA, his elder brother Malik Sheheryar Khan also contested 2018's general election, he has also been a civil officer. The Jodhra are strong and powerful in Attock who use the Title Malik which was traditionally 'MALAK'. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} [[Category:Punjabi people]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] [[Category:Attock District]] 2wvfaw4n7ua6gscr2g81drqvh46ru5v 0 370263 10882999 10853890 2026-06-10T09:00:43Z AnonLionCavalier83 1654730 Not Simple English, No citations. 10882999 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Zomi Revolutionary Army''' ('''ZRA''') is a armed group that claims to defend the Zomi people. It is active in [[India]] and [[Myanmar]]. [[Category:Nationalist organizations in India]] [[Category:Chittagong Hill Tracts]] [[Category:Separatist movements of India]] [[Category:Rebel militia groups in Asia]] {{politics-stub}} [[Category:Organizations based in Myanmar]] nhmzs8qlljy7ys3xww3nhzozyndw5fa 10883000 10882999 2026-06-10T09:01:11Z AnonLionCavalier83 1654730 remove unneeded space. 10883000 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Zomi Revolutionary Army''' ('''ZRA''') is a armed group that claims to defend the Zomi people. It is active in [[India]] and [[Myanmar]]. [[Category:Nationalist organizations in India]] [[Category:Chittagong Hill Tracts]] [[Category:Rebel militia groups in Asia]] {{politics-stub}} [[Category:Organizations based in Myanmar]] 3188owvk2e4i0su77prcw4ksb9z5jax 10883001 10883000 2026-06-10T09:05:49Z AnonLionCavalier83 1654730 Added the flag of the Zomi army. 10883001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Zomi Re-unification Organisation.svg|thumb|Flag of the Zomi people, used by the ZRA]] The '''Zomi Revolutionary Army''' ('''ZRA''') is a armed group that aims to defend the Zomi people. It is active in [[India]] and [[Myanmar]]. [[Category:Nationalist organizations in India]] [[Category:Chittagong Hill Tracts]] [[Category:Rebel militia groups in Asia]] {{politics-stub}} [[Category:Organizations based in Myanmar]] kxpehh1iuf8za0rsgv5umj3hv7iqwsu 0 383547 10882861 10882046 2026-06-10T02:51:51Z LightProof1995 1202340 She is legendary, not mythological 10882861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Copyedit}} '''Mochizuki Chiyome''' '''(望月千代女)''' is a name given to [[female]] [[ninja]] characters in Japanese [[fiction]], referencing a [[legendary]] female ninja from the [[Sengoku period]]{{verify source}}. According to Katuya Yoshimaru[[#Y17|^Y17]]{{Rp|p282}}, an associate [[professor]] at Mie University who [[ninja studies|studies ninja]], the name Chiyome became associated with ninja for the first time in 1971, in the book "考証日本史"{{verify source}} ("Investigation of Japanese history"). This book was written by non-academic writer 稲垣史生(Shisei Inagaki)[[#Y17|^Y17]]{{Rp|p282}}. {{lit-stub}} ==References== * [Y17] {{Cite book|title=忍者の誕生|author=吉丸雄哉（[[三重大学]]人文学部准教授）|first=|date=April 2017|publisher=[[勉誠出版]]|year=|ISBN=978-4-585-22151-7|editor=吉丸雄哉、山田雄司　編|location=|pages=|chapter=望月千代女伝の虚妄|ref=Y17}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mochizuki, Chiyome}} [[Category:Fictional Japanese people]] pj4lfiumsjtucaou37p7s6ev3mx6nic 0 390052 10882536 10850320 2026-06-09T19:08:20Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political Post | post = President | body = the<br />Republic of Costa Rica | native_name = Presidente de la República de Costa Rica | insignia = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Costa Rica]] | image = Laura_Fernandez_Delgado_presidential_inauguration_20260508_0515_(cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200px | incumbent = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | incumbentsince = May 8, 2026 | residence = [[Official residence#Costa Rica|Casa Presidencial, Costa Rica]] | termlength = Four years,<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=17 March 2021 |date=2015 |first=Enrique |last=Romero |number=136 |periodical=Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas |title=Derecho constitucional y reelección presidencial: Sentencia del tribunal constitucional No. 2771 del 2003 |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r34659.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | termlength_qualified = renewable but not immediately | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Costa Rica]] (1949) | type = [[Head of state]]<br/>[[Head of government]] | inaugural = [[José María Castro Madriz]] | formation = {{start date and age|1848|8|31|p=1|br=1}}<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015>{{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es |access-date= 6 September 2024 |archive-date= 18 July 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125759/https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> | deputy = [[Vice President of Costa Rica]] | salary = {{currency|5124387|CRC}} / {{currency|10110|USD}} monthly<ref name="latinpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|title=Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage|date=22 June 2017|publisher=Latin Post|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118114659/https://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{official url}} | style = {{lang|es|[[Excelentísima Señora]]}} }} The '''President of Costa Rica''' is the [[head of state]] and [[Head of government|government]] of [[Costa Rica]]. The President is elected in direct elections. He or she is elected for four years. Two [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice Presidents]] are elected at the same time with the President. The President appoints the Council of Ministers.<ref>http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424045745/http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm |date=2013-04-24 }} Executive Branch</ref> Due to the abolition of the [[military of Costa Rica]] in 1948, the president is not a [[Commander-in-chief]]. Here is a table that has a list of the junta chairmen, presidents and heads of state of [[Costa Rica]] since independence from [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. From 1824 to 1838 Costa Rica was a state in the [[Federal Republic of Central America]]. After that it has been an independent nation. ==Heads of State of Costa Rica (1825-1848)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150|Name ! width=100|Term ! width=100|Party ! width=100|Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||1825–1833 || Liberal ||<small>Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" hot dog |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1833–1835 || Conservative ||<small>Resigned, [[Manuel Fernández Chacón]] and [[Nicolás Ulloa Soto]] followed as acting Heads of State.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1835–1837 || Liberal ||<small>First term. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||March–April 1837 || Liberal ||<small>Provisional</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Manuel Aguilar Chacón]] ||1837–1838 ||Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1838–1842 || Liberal ||<small>Second term, deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco Morazán]] ||April–September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[António Pinto Soares]] ||September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1842–1844 || Liberal ||<small>First term. Provisional. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla]] ||November–December 1844 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1845–1846 || Conservative ||<small> </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1846–1847 || Liberal ||<small>Second term.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] ||1847–1848 || Liberal ||<small> </small> |} ==Presidents of Costa Rica (1848-Present)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150 colspan=2 | President !! width=100| Took office !! width=100| Left office !! width=100| Party !! width=100| Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] | [[File:Jose Maria Castro Madriz.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1847 | 16 November 1849 | Liberal | <small>"Founder of the Republic".</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Miguel Mora Porras]]<br />(interim president) | [[File:Miguel Mora Porras 001.jpg|50px]] | 16 November 1849 | 26 November 1849 | Liberal | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Juan Rafael Mora Porras|Juan Mora Porras]]<br />(first, second and third term) | [[File:Juan Rafael Mora Porras 1859.jpg|50px]] | 26 November 1849 | 14 August 1859 | Liberal | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[José María Montealegre|José María Montealegre Fernández]] | [[File:José María Montealegra Fernández.JPG|50px]] | 14 August 1859 | 8 May 1863 | Liberal | <small>Provisional 1859-1860.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]] | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1863 | 8 May 1866 | Liberal | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Jose Maria Castro Madriz.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1866 | 1 November 1868 | Liberal | <small>Deposed in a coup d'état.</small> |- style="background:#ffddaa" | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|50px]] | 1 November 1868 | 27 April 1870 | Military | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Bruno Carranza|Bruno Carranza Ramírez]] | [[File:Bruno Carranza Ramirez.JPG|50px]] | 27 April 1870 | 8 August 1870 | Liberal | <small>Deposed in a coup d'état.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]] | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|50px]] | 10 August 1870 | 8 May 1876 | Liberal | <small>Provisional 1870-1872.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz]] | [[File:Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1876 | 30 July 1876 | Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup d'état.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Vicente Herrera Zeledón]] | [[File:Vicente Herrera Zeledón.JPG|50px]] | 30 July 1876 | 11 September 1877 | Conservative | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|50px]] | 11 September 1877 | 6 July 1882 | Liberal | <small>Died in office.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez]] | [[File:Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez.jpg|50px]] | 6 July 1882 | 20 July 1882 | Liberal | <small>Acting president.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Próspero Fernández Oreamuno]] | [[File:Próspero Fernández Oreamuno.JPG|50px]] | 20 July 1882 | 12 March 1885 | Liberal | <small>Died in office.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Bernardo Soto Alfaro]]<br />(two consecutive terms, the first incomplete) | [[File:Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG|50px]] | 12 March 1885 | 8 May 1890 | Liberal | <small>[[Carlos Durán Cartín]] was acting president 1889-1890.</small> |- bgcolor=#FFDDFF | [[José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón|José Rodríguez Zeledón]] | [[File:José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón.JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1890 | 8 May 1894 | [[Constitutional Party]] | |- bgcolor=#CECCFF | [[Rafael Yglesias Castro]]<br />(first and second term) | [[File:Rafael Yglesias Castro.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1894 | 8 May 1902 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil Party]] | |- bgcolor=#CECCFF | [[Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra]] | [[File:Ascención Esquivel Ibarra (adjusted).JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1902 | 8 May 1906 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil Party]] | |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />(first term) | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1906 | 8 May 1910 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />(first term) | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1910 | 8 May 1914 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | <small>Son of [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]</small> |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Alfredo González Flores]] | [[File:Alfredo Gonzalez Flores.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1914 | 27 January 1917 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | <small>Deposed by [[Federico Tinoco Granados|Tinoco]] in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffddaa" | [[Federico Tinoco Granados]]<br />(first and second term) | [[File:Federico Tinoco Granados.jpg|50px]] | 27 January 1917 | 13 August 1919 | Military/[[Partido Tinoquista]] | <small>Overthrown by popular uprising.</small> |- style="background:#ffddaa" | [[Juan Bautista Quirós Segura|Juan Quirós Segura]]<br />(previously [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice President]]) | [[File:Juan Bautista Quirós Segura.jpg|50px]] | 13 August 1919 | 2 September 1919 | Military/[[Partido Tinoquista]] | <small>Forced to resign by the U.S. government.</small > |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Francisco Aguilar Barquero]]<br />(interim president) | [[File:Francisco Aguilar Barquero.jpg|50px]] | 2 September 1919 | 8 May 1920 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFDDFF | [[Julio Acosta García]] | [[File:Julio Acosta García.JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1920 | 8 May 1924 | [[Constitutional Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1924 | 8 May 1928 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1928 | 8 May 1932 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />(third term) | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1932 | 8 May 1936 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[León Cortés Castro]] | [[File:Povedano - León Cortés Castro, pte CR (adjusted).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1936 | 8 May 1940 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia|Rafael Calderón Guardia]] | [[File:Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1940 | 8 May 1944 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Teodoro Picado Michalski]] | [[File:Teodoro Picado Michalski.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1944 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Santos León Herrera]]<br />(interim president) | [[File:Santos Leon (cropped).jpg|50px]] | 20 April 1948 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | <small>Former vice-president of Teodoro Picado Michalski.</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José Figueres Ferrer]] | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer 1.png|50px]] | 8 May 1948 | 8 November 1949 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Came to power in [[Costa Rican Civil War|civil war]]. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Otilio Ulate Blanco]] | [[File:Otilio Ulate Blanco cropped.jpg|50px]] | 7 November 1949 | 8 May 1953 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />(second term) | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer 1.png|50px]] | 8 May 1953 | 8 May 1958 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Presidential re-election disallowed.</small> |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Mario Echandi Jiménez]] | [[File:Mario Echandi Jimenez cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1958 | 8 May 1962 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich]] | [[File:Francisco J. Orlich cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1962 | 8 May 1966 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[José Joaquín Trejos Fernández|José Trejos Fernández]] | [[File:Jose Juaquín Trejos Flores cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1966 | 8 May 1970 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />(third term) | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer 1.png|50px]] | 8 May 1970 | 8 May 1974 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Presidential re-election disallowed.</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Daniel Oduber Quirós]] | [[File:Daniel Oduber 3 (adjusted).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1974 | 8 May 1978 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] | [[File:Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1978 | 8 May 1982 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Luis Alberto Monge|Luis Monge Álvarez]] | [[File:Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1982 | 8 May 1986 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Óscar Arias]] | [[File:OscarArias.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1986 | 8 May 1990 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>[[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner 1987.</small> |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Calderón Fournier]] | [[File:R A Calderon.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1990 | 8 May 1994 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | <small>Son of [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]].</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José María Figueres|José Figueres Olsen]] | [[File:Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1994 | 8 May 1998 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Son of [[José Figueres Ferrer]].</small> |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez|Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría]] | [[File:MiguelAngelRodriguezEcheverria.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1998 | 8 May 2002 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Abel Pacheco|Abel Pacheco de la Espriella]] | [[File:Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 Abel Pacheco cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2002 | 8 May 2006 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | <small>Presidential re-election re-instated.</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Óscar Arias]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Oscar Arias 8p050806kh-0829-398v.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2006 | 8 May 2010 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Laura Chinchilla]] | [[File:Laura-Chinchilla-cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2010 | 8 May 2014 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>First female president (''presidenta'') of Costa Rica.</small><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/world/americas/displaystory.cfm?story_id=16064019&source=hptextfeature | work=The Economist | title=Costa Rica's new president: After Arias: Tax increases, trade deals and antidisestablishmentarianism. | date=6 May 2010 | accessdate=8 May 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#FFE600" | [[Luis Guillermo Solís]] | [[File:President Luis Guillermo Solis.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2014 | 8 May 2018 | [[Citizens' Action Party]] | |- bgcolor="#FFE600" | [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] | [[File:Carlos_Alvarado_Quesada_(cropped_2).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2018 | 8 May 2022 | [[Citizens' Action Party]] | |- bgcolor="#00FF00" | [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | [[File:Rodrigo Chaves, discurso posesión (cropped).jpg]] | 8 May 2022 | 8 May 2026 | [[Social Democratic Progress Party]] | |- bgcolor= | [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | [[File:Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado in 2017.jpg]] | 8 May 2026 | ''Incumbent'' | [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]] |Second female president |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica|*]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rica-related lists|president]] thruk5xnbc0hpcdmkffsn01e883no93 10882537 10882536 2026-06-09T19:08:32Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political post | post = President | body = the<br />Republic of Costa Rica | native_name = Presidente de la República de Costa Rica | insignia = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Costa Rica]] | image = Laura_Fernandez_Delgado_presidential_inauguration_20260508_0515_(cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200px | incumbent = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | incumbentsince = May 8, 2026 | residence = [[Official residence#Costa Rica|Casa Presidencial, Costa Rica]] | termlength = Four years,<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=17 March 2021 |date=2015 |first=Enrique |last=Romero |number=136 |periodical=Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas |title=Derecho constitucional y reelección presidencial: Sentencia del tribunal constitucional No. 2771 del 2003 |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r34659.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | termlength_qualified = renewable but not immediately | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Costa Rica]] (1949) | type = [[Head of state]]<br/>[[Head of government]] | inaugural = [[José María Castro Madriz]] | formation = {{start date and age|1848|8|31|p=1|br=1}}<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015>{{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es |access-date= 6 September 2024 |archive-date= 18 July 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125759/https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> | deputy = [[Vice President of Costa Rica]] | salary = {{currency|5124387|CRC}} / {{currency|10110|USD}} monthly<ref name="latinpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|title=Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage|date=22 June 2017|publisher=Latin Post|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118114659/https://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{official url}} | style = {{lang|es|[[Excelentísima Señora]]}} }} The '''President of Costa Rica''' is the [[head of state]] and [[Head of government|government]] of [[Costa Rica]]. The President is elected in direct elections. He or she is elected for four years. Two [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice Presidents]] are elected at the same time with the President. The President appoints the Council of Ministers.<ref>http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424045745/http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm |date=2013-04-24 }} Executive Branch</ref> Due to the abolition of the [[military of Costa Rica]] in 1948, the president is not a [[Commander-in-chief]]. Here is a table that has a list of the junta chairmen, presidents and heads of state of [[Costa Rica]] since independence from [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. From 1824 to 1838 Costa Rica was a state in the [[Federal Republic of Central America]]. After that it has been an independent nation. ==Heads of State of Costa Rica (1825-1848)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150|Name ! width=100|Term ! width=100|Party ! width=100|Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||1825–1833 || Liberal ||<small>Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" hot dog |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1833–1835 || Conservative ||<small>Resigned, [[Manuel Fernández Chacón]] and [[Nicolás Ulloa Soto]] followed as acting Heads of State.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1835–1837 || Liberal ||<small>First term. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||March–April 1837 || Liberal ||<small>Provisional</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Manuel Aguilar Chacón]] ||1837–1838 ||Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1838–1842 || Liberal ||<small>Second term, deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco Morazán]] ||April–September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[António Pinto Soares]] ||September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1842–1844 || Liberal ||<small>First term. Provisional. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla]] ||November–December 1844 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1845–1846 || Conservative ||<small> </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1846–1847 || Liberal ||<small>Second term.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] ||1847–1848 || Liberal ||<small> </small> |} ==Presidents of Costa Rica (1848-Present)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150 colspan=2 | President !! width=100| Took office !! width=100| Left office !! width=100| Party !! width=100| Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] | [[File:Jose Maria Castro Madriz.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1847 | 16 November 1849 | Liberal | <small>"Founder of the Republic".</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Miguel Mora Porras]]<br />(interim president) | [[File:Miguel Mora Porras 001.jpg|50px]] | 16 November 1849 | 26 November 1849 | Liberal | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Juan Rafael Mora Porras|Juan Mora Porras]]<br />(first, second and third term) | [[File:Juan Rafael Mora Porras 1859.jpg|50px]] | 26 November 1849 | 14 August 1859 | Liberal | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[José María Montealegre|José María Montealegre Fernández]] | [[File:José María Montealegra Fernández.JPG|50px]] | 14 August 1859 | 8 May 1863 | Liberal | <small>Provisional 1859-1860.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]] | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1863 | 8 May 1866 | Liberal | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Jose Maria Castro Madriz.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1866 | 1 November 1868 | Liberal | <small>Deposed in a coup d'état.</small> |- style="background:#ffddaa" | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|50px]] | 1 November 1868 | 27 April 1870 | Military | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Bruno Carranza|Bruno Carranza Ramírez]] | [[File:Bruno Carranza Ramirez.JPG|50px]] | 27 April 1870 | 8 August 1870 | Liberal | <small>Deposed in a coup d'état.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]] | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|50px]] | 10 August 1870 | 8 May 1876 | Liberal | <small>Provisional 1870-1872.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz]] | [[File:Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1876 | 30 July 1876 | Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup d'état.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Vicente Herrera Zeledón]] | [[File:Vicente Herrera Zeledón.JPG|50px]] | 30 July 1876 | 11 September 1877 | Conservative | |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|50px]] | 11 September 1877 | 6 July 1882 | Liberal | <small>Died in office.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez]] | [[File:Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez.jpg|50px]] | 6 July 1882 | 20 July 1882 | Liberal | <small>Acting president.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Próspero Fernández Oreamuno]] | [[File:Próspero Fernández Oreamuno.JPG|50px]] | 20 July 1882 | 12 March 1885 | Liberal | <small>Died in office.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" | [[Bernardo Soto Alfaro]]<br />(two consecutive terms, the first incomplete) | [[File:Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG|50px]] | 12 March 1885 | 8 May 1890 | Liberal | <small>[[Carlos Durán Cartín]] was acting president 1889-1890.</small> |- bgcolor=#FFDDFF | [[José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón|José Rodríguez Zeledón]] | [[File:José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón.JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1890 | 8 May 1894 | [[Constitutional Party]] | |- bgcolor=#CECCFF | [[Rafael Yglesias Castro]]<br />(first and second term) | [[File:Rafael Yglesias Castro.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1894 | 8 May 1902 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil Party]] | |- bgcolor=#CECCFF | [[Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra]] | [[File:Ascención Esquivel Ibarra (adjusted).JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1902 | 8 May 1906 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil Party]] | |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />(first term) | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1906 | 8 May 1910 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />(first term) | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1910 | 8 May 1914 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | <small>Son of [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]</small> |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Alfredo González Flores]] | [[File:Alfredo Gonzalez Flores.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1914 | 27 January 1917 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | <small>Deposed by [[Federico Tinoco Granados|Tinoco]] in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffddaa" | [[Federico Tinoco Granados]]<br />(first and second term) | [[File:Federico Tinoco Granados.jpg|50px]] | 27 January 1917 | 13 August 1919 | Military/[[Partido Tinoquista]] | <small>Overthrown by popular uprising.</small> |- style="background:#ffddaa" | [[Juan Bautista Quirós Segura|Juan Quirós Segura]]<br />(previously [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice President]]) | [[File:Juan Bautista Quirós Segura.jpg|50px]] | 13 August 1919 | 2 September 1919 | Military/[[Partido Tinoquista]] | <small>Forced to resign by the U.S. government.</small > |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Francisco Aguilar Barquero]]<br />(interim president) | [[File:Francisco Aguilar Barquero.jpg|50px]] | 2 September 1919 | 8 May 1920 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFDDFF | [[Julio Acosta García]] | [[File:Julio Acosta García.JPG|50px]] | 8 May 1920 | 8 May 1924 | [[Constitutional Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1924 | 8 May 1928 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1928 | 8 May 1932 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />(third term) | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1932 | 8 May 1936 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[León Cortés Castro]] | [[File:Povedano - León Cortés Castro, pte CR (adjusted).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1936 | 8 May 1940 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia|Rafael Calderón Guardia]] | [[File:Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1940 | 8 May 1944 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Teodoro Picado Michalski]] | [[File:Teodoro Picado Michalski.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1944 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Santos León Herrera]]<br />(interim president) | [[File:Santos Leon (cropped).jpg|50px]] | 20 April 1948 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican Party]] | <small>Former vice-president of Teodoro Picado Michalski.</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José Figueres Ferrer]] | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer 1.png|50px]] | 8 May 1948 | 8 November 1949 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Came to power in [[Costa Rican Civil War|civil war]]. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" | [[Otilio Ulate Blanco]] | [[File:Otilio Ulate Blanco cropped.jpg|50px]] | 7 November 1949 | 8 May 1953 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />(second term) | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer 1.png|50px]] | 8 May 1953 | 8 May 1958 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Presidential re-election disallowed.</small> |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[Mario Echandi Jiménez]] | [[File:Mario Echandi Jimenez cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1958 | 8 May 1962 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich]] | [[File:Francisco J. Orlich cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1962 | 8 May 1966 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- bgcolor=#FFF89D | [[José Joaquín Trejos Fernández|José Trejos Fernández]] | [[File:Jose Juaquín Trejos Flores cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1966 | 8 May 1970 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />(third term) | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer 1.png|50px]] | 8 May 1970 | 8 May 1974 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Presidential re-election disallowed.</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Daniel Oduber Quirós]] | [[File:Daniel Oduber 3 (adjusted).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1974 | 8 May 1978 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] | [[File:Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1978 | 8 May 1982 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Luis Alberto Monge|Luis Monge Álvarez]] | [[File:Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1982 | 8 May 1986 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Óscar Arias]] | [[File:OscarArias.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1986 | 8 May 1990 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>[[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner 1987.</small> |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Calderón Fournier]] | [[File:R A Calderon.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1990 | 8 May 1994 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | <small>Son of [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]].</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[José María Figueres|José Figueres Olsen]] | [[File:Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1994 | 8 May 1998 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>Son of [[José Figueres Ferrer]].</small> |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez|Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría]] | [[File:MiguelAngelRodriguezEcheverria.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 1998 | 8 May 2002 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | |- style="background:Lightblue" | [[Abel Pacheco|Abel Pacheco de la Espriella]] | [[File:Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 Abel Pacheco cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2002 | 8 May 2006 | [[Social Christian Unity Party]] | <small>Presidential re-election re-instated.</small> |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Óscar Arias]]<br />(second term) | [[File:Oscar Arias 8p050806kh-0829-398v.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2006 | 8 May 2010 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | |- bgcolor="#8dd49f" | [[Laura Chinchilla]] | [[File:Laura-Chinchilla-cropped.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2010 | 8 May 2014 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] | <small>First female president (''presidenta'') of Costa Rica.</small><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/world/americas/displaystory.cfm?story_id=16064019&source=hptextfeature | work=The Economist | title=Costa Rica's new president: After Arias: Tax increases, trade deals and antidisestablishmentarianism. | date=6 May 2010 | accessdate=8 May 2010}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#FFE600" | [[Luis Guillermo Solís]] | [[File:President Luis Guillermo Solis.jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2014 | 8 May 2018 | [[Citizens' Action Party]] | |- bgcolor="#FFE600" | [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] | [[File:Carlos_Alvarado_Quesada_(cropped_2).jpg|50px]] | 8 May 2018 | 8 May 2022 | [[Citizens' Action Party]] | |- bgcolor="#00FF00" | [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | [[File:Rodrigo Chaves, discurso posesión (cropped).jpg]] | 8 May 2022 | 8 May 2026 | [[Social Democratic Progress Party]] | |- bgcolor= | [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | [[File:Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado in 2017.jpg]] | 8 May 2026 | ''Incumbent'' | [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]] |Second female president |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica|*]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rica-related lists|president]] 6ql7gt9n1b3it973jljva5tobfzhneu 10882538 10882537 2026-06-09T19:08:54Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Presidents of Costa Rica (1848-Present) */ 10882538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political post | post = President | body = the<br />Republic of Costa Rica | native_name = Presidente de la República de Costa Rica | insignia = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Costa Rica]] | image = Laura_Fernandez_Delgado_presidential_inauguration_20260508_0515_(cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200px | incumbent = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | incumbentsince = May 8, 2026 | residence = [[Official residence#Costa Rica|Casa Presidencial, Costa Rica]] | termlength = Four years,<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=17 March 2021 |date=2015 |first=Enrique |last=Romero |number=136 |periodical=Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas |title=Derecho constitucional y reelección presidencial: Sentencia del tribunal constitucional No. 2771 del 2003 |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r34659.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | termlength_qualified = renewable but not immediately | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Costa Rica]] (1949) | type = [[Head of state]]<br/>[[Head of government]] | inaugural = [[José María Castro Madriz]] | formation = {{start date and age|1848|8|31|p=1|br=1}}<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015>{{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es |access-date= 6 September 2024 |archive-date= 18 July 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125759/https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> | deputy = [[Vice President of Costa Rica]] | salary = {{currency|5124387|CRC}} / {{currency|10110|USD}} monthly<ref name="latinpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|title=Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage|date=22 June 2017|publisher=Latin Post|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118114659/https://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{official url}} | style = {{lang|es|[[Excelentísima Señora]]}} }} The '''President of Costa Rica''' is the [[head of state]] and [[Head of government|government]] of [[Costa Rica]]. The President is elected in direct elections. He or she is elected for four years. Two [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice Presidents]] are elected at the same time with the President. The President appoints the Council of Ministers.<ref>http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424045745/http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm |date=2013-04-24 }} Executive Branch</ref> Due to the abolition of the [[military of Costa Rica]] in 1948, the president is not a [[Commander-in-chief]]. Here is a table that has a list of the junta chairmen, presidents and heads of state of [[Costa Rica]] since independence from [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. From 1824 to 1838 Costa Rica was a state in the [[Federal Republic of Central America]]. After that it has been an independent nation. ==Heads of State of Costa Rica (1825-1848)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150|Name ! width=100|Term ! width=100|Party ! width=100|Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||1825–1833 || Liberal ||<small>Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" hot dog |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1833–1835 || Conservative ||<small>Resigned, [[Manuel Fernández Chacón]] and [[Nicolás Ulloa Soto]] followed as acting Heads of State.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1835–1837 || Liberal ||<small>First term. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||March–April 1837 || Liberal ||<small>Provisional</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Manuel Aguilar Chacón]] ||1837–1838 ||Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1838–1842 || Liberal ||<small>Second term, deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco Morazán]] ||April–September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[António Pinto Soares]] ||September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1842–1844 || Liberal ||<small>First term. Provisional. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla]] ||November–December 1844 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1845–1846 || Conservative ||<small> </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1846–1847 || Liberal ||<small>Second term.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] ||1847–1848 || Liberal ||<small> </small> |} ==Presidents of Costa Rica (1848–present)== {{legend2|{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}|Liberal|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|darkblue|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Military Rule}}|Military|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|#2F4F4F|[[Peliquista Party|PP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|PR]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|PRN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Union Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|PUN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}|[[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|PAC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Progress Party}}|[[Social Democratic Progress Party|PPSD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! width=150 colspan=2|[[President of Costa Rica|President]]<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! width=100 colspan=2|Term of office ! width=100|Political affiliation ! [[Elections in Costa Rica|Election]] ! Notes |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|1}} | [[José María Castro Madriz]]<br />{{small|(1818–1892)}} | [[File:José María Castro Madriz.JPG|100px]] | 31 August 1848<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015> {{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es }} </ref> | 16 November 1849 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1847 Costa Rican Head of State election|1847]] | {{small|"Founder of the Republic".}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[Miguel Mora Porras]]<br />{{small|(1816–1887)}} | [[File:Miguel Mora Porras 001.jpg|100px]] | 16 November 1849 | 26 November 1849 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Interim president.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|2}} | [[Juan Rafael Mora Porras|Juan Mora Porras]]<br />{{small|(1814–1860)}} | [[File:Juan Rafael Mora Porras.JPG|100px]] | 26 November 1849 | 14 August 1859 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1849 Costa Rican general election|1849]]<br />[[1853 Costa Rican general election|1853]]<br />[[1859 Costa Rican general election|1859]] | {{small|First, second and third term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|3}} | [[José María Montealegre|José María Montealegre Fernández]]<br />{{small|(1815–1887)}} | [[File:José María Montealegra Fernández.JPG|100px]] | 14 August 1859 | 8 May 1863 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1860 Costa Rican general election|1860]] | {{small|Provisional 1859–1860.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|4}} | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />{{small|(1823–1897)}} | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1863 | 8 May 1866 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1863 Costa Rican general election|1863]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|5}} | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]]<br />{{small|(1818–1892)}} | [[File:José María Castro Madriz.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1866 | 1 November 1868 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1866 Costa Rican general election|1866]] | {{small|Second term. Deposed in a coup d'état.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}}| {{color|black|6}} | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />{{small|(1823–1897)}} | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|100px]] | 1 November 1868 | 27 April 1870 | Military | ''De facto'' | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|7}} | [[Bruno Carranza|Bruno Carranza Ramírez]]<br />{{small|(1822–1891)}} | [[File:Bruno Carranza Ramirez.JPG|100px]] | 27 April 1870 | 8 August 1870 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Appointed by Tomás Guardia as provisional president. Resigned after a few months.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|8}} | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1831–1882)}} | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|100px]] | 10 August 1870 | 8 May 1876 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1872 Costa Rican general election|1872]] | {{small|Provisional 1870–1872, latter elected.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|9}} | [[Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz]]<br />{{small|(1824–1898)}} | [[File:Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz 2.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1876 | 30 July 1876 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1876 Costa Rican general election|1876]] | {{small|Deposed in a coup d'état.}} |- ! style="background:darkblue| {{color|white|10}} | [[Vicente Herrera Zeledón]]<br />{{small|(1821–1888)}} | [[File:Vicente Herrera Zeledón.JPG|100px]] | 30 July 1876 | 11 September 1877 | Non-partisan Conservative | |{{small|Appointed by Guardia.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|11}} | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1831–1882)}} | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|100px]] | 11 September 1877 | 6 July 1882 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Second term as de facto ruler. Died in office.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|12}} | [[Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1826–1905)}} | [[File:Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez-2.jpg|100px]] | 6 July 1882 | 20 July 1882 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Acting president.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|13}} | [[Próspero Fernández Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1834–1885)}} | [[File:Próspero Fernández Oreamuno.JPG|100px]] | 20 July 1882 | 12 March 1885 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1882 Costa Rican general election|1882]] | {{small|Died in office.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|14}} | [[Bernardo Soto Alfaro]]<br />{{small|(1854–1931)}} | [[File:Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG|100px]] | 12 March 1885 | 8 May 1890 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1886 Costa Rican general election|1886]] | {{small|Two consecutive terms, the first incomplete. [[Carlos Durán Cartín]] was acting president 1889–1890.}} |- ! style="background:#012D8B| {{color|white|15}} | [[José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón|José Rodríguez Zeledón]]<br />{{small|(1837–1917)}} | [[File:José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1890 | 8 May 1894 | [[Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)|Constitutional Democratic]] | [[1889 Costa Rican general election|1889]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|16}} | [[Rafael Yglesias Castro]]<br />{{small|(1861–1924)}} | [[File:Rafael Iglesias Castro.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1894 | 8 May 1902 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil]] | [[1894 Costa Rican general election|1894]]<br />[[1897 Costa Rican general election|1897]] | {{small|First and second term.}} |- ! style="background:#D0D0D0| {{color|white|17}} | [[Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra]]<br />{{small|(1844–1923)}} | [[File:Ascención Esquivel Ibarra (adjusted).JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1902 | 8 May 1906 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1902 Costa Rican general election|1902]] | |- ! style="background:#D0D0D0| {{color|white|18}} | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />{{small|(1858–1937)}} | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1906 | 8 May 1910 | [[National Party (Costa Rica)|National]] | [[1906 Costa Rican general election|1906]] | {{small|First term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|19}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1910 | 8 May 1914 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | [[1910 Costa Rican general election|1910]] | {{small|First term. Son of [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|20}} | [[Alfredo González Flores]]<br />{{small|(1877–1962)}} | [[File:Alfredo Gonzalez Flores.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1914 | 27 January 1917 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | {{small|''Designated by Congress as no clear candidate won in [[1913 Costa Rican general election|1913]]''}} | ''De facto''<br />{{small|Deposed by [[Federico Tinoco Granados|Tinoco]] in a [[1917 Costa Rican coup d'état|coup d'état]].}} |- ! style="background:#2F4F4F| {{color|white|21}} | [[Federico Tinoco Granados]]<br />{{small|(1868–1931)}} | [[File:Federico Tinoco Granados.jpg|100px]] | 27 January 1917 | 13 August 1919 | [[Peliquista Party|Peliquista]] | {{small|''Took power after coup, was sole candidate in the [[1917 Costa Rican general election|1917 election]]''}} | {{small|First and second term. Overthrown by popular uprising.}} |- ! style="background:#2F4F4F| {{color|white|22}} | [[Juan Bautista Quirós Segura|Juan Quirós Segura]]<br />{{small|(1853–1934)}} | [[File:Juan Bautista Quirós Segura.jpg|100px]] | 13 August 1919 | 2 September 1919 | [[Peliquista Party|Peliquista]] | ''De facto'' | {{small|Previously [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice President]]. Replaced Tinoco after his escape. Forced to resign by the U.S. government.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|23}} | [[Francisco Aguilar Barquero]]<br />{{small|(1857–1924)}} | [[File:Francisco Aguilar Barquero.jpg|100px]] | 2 September 1919 | 8 May 1920 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | | {{small|Interim president.}} |- ! style="background:#012D8B| {{color|white|24}} | [[Julio Acosta García]]<br />{{small|(1872–1954)}} | [[File:Julio Acosta García.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1920 | 8 May 1924 | [[Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)|Constitutional]] | [[1919 Costa Rican general election|1919]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|25}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1924 | 8 May 1928 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | [[1923 Costa Rican general election|1923]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Union Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|26}} | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />{{small|(1858–1937)}} | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1928 | 8 May 1932 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1928 Costa Rican general election|1928]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|27}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1932 | 8 May 1936 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1932 Costa Rican general election|1932]] | {{small|Third term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|28}} | [[León Cortés Castro]]<br />{{small|(1882–1946)}} | [[File:Povedano - León Cortés Castro, pte CR (adjusted).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1936 | 8 May 1940 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1936 Costa Rican general election|1936]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|29}} | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia|Rafael Calderón Guardia]]<br />{{small|(1900–1970)}} | [[File:Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1940 | 8 May 1944 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1940 Costa Rican general election|1940]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|30}} | [[Teodoro Picado Michalski]]<br />{{small|(1900–1960)}} | [[File:Teodoro Picado Michalski.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1944 | 20 April 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1944 Costa Rican general election|1944]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[Santos León Herrera]]<br />{{small|(1874–1950)}} | [[File:Santos Leon (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 20 April 1948 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | | {{small|Interim president. Former vice-president of Teodoro Picado Michalski.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1948 | 8 November 1949 | [[Social Democratic Party of Costa Rica|Social Democratic]] | ''De facto'' | {{small|Came to power in the [[Costa Rican Civil War|Civil War]]. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government.}} |- ! style="background:#104AAE| {{color|white|31}} | [[Otilio Ulate Blanco]]<br />{{small|(1891–1973)}} | [[File:Otilio Ulate Blanco cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 November 1949 | 8 November 1953 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1948 Costa Rican general election|1948]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|32}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 November 1953 | 8 May 1958 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1953 Costa Rican general election|1953]] | {{small|Second term. Presidential re-election disallowed.}} |- ! style="background:#104AAE| {{color|white|33}} | [[Mario Echandi Jiménez]]<br />{{small|(1915–2011)}} | [[File:Mario Echandi Jimenez cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1958 | 8 May 1962 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1958 Costa Rican general election|1958]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|34}} | [[Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich]]<br />{{small|(1907–1969)}} | [[File:Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1962 | 8 May 1966 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1962 Costa Rican general election|1962]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Unification Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|35}} | [[José Joaquín Trejos Fernández|José Trejos Fernández]]<br />{{small|(1916–2010)}} | [[File:Jose Joaquín Trejos Fernández.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1966 | 8 May 1970 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification]] | [[1966 Costa Rican general election|1966]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|36}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1970 | 8 May 1974 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1970 Costa Rican general election|1970]] | {{small|Third term. Presidential re-election disallowed.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|37}} | [[Daniel Oduber Quirós]]<br />{{small|(1921–1991)}} | [[File:Daniel Oduber Quirós.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1974 | 8 May 1978 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1974 Costa Rican general election|1974]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Unity Coalition}}| {{color|white|38}} | [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]]<br />{{small|(1926–2009)}} | [[File:Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1978 | 8 May 1982 | [[Unity Coalition]] | [[1978 Costa Rican general election|1978]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|39}} | [[Luis Alberto Monge|Luis Monge Álvarez]]<br />{{small|(1925–2016)}} | [[File:Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1982 | 8 May 1986 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1982 Costa Rican general election|1982]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|40}} | [[Óscar Arias Sánchez]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:OscarArias.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1986 | 8 May 1990 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1986 Costa Rican general election|1986]] | {{small|[[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner (1987).<br />First term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|41}} | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Calderón Fournier]]<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} | [[File:Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png|100px]] | 8 May 1990 | 8 May 1994 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[1990 Costa Rican general election|1990]] | {{small|Son of [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|42}} | [[José María Figueres|José Figueres Olsen]]<br />{{small|(born 1954)}} | [[File:Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1994 | 8 May 1998 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1994 Costa Rican general election|1994]] | {{small|Son of [[José Figueres Ferrer]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|43}} | [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez|Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:MiguelAngelRodriguezEcheverria.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1998 | 8 May 2002 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[1998 Costa Rican general election|1998]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|44}} | [[Abel Pacheco|Abel Pacheco de la Espriella]]<br />{{small|(born 1933)}} | [[File:Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2002 | 8 May 2006 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[2002 Costa Rican general election|2002]] | {{small|Presidential re-election re-instated.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|45}} | [[Óscar Arias Sánchez]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:Óscar Arias.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2006 | 8 May 2010 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[2006 Costa Rican general election|2006]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|46}} | [[Laura Chinchilla Miranda]]<br />{{small|(born 1959)}} | [[File:Laura Chinchilla Miranda with Hillary Rodham Clinton (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2010 | 8 May 2014 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[2010 Costa Rican general election|2010]] | {{small|[[List of elected and appointed female state leaders|First female]] president of Costa Rica.}}<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/world/americas/displaystory.cfm?story_id=16064019&source=hptextfeature | work=The Economist | title=Costa Rica's new president: After Arias: Tax increases, trade deals and antidisestablishmentarianism. | date=6 May 2010 | access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|47}} | [[Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera]]<br />{{small|(born 1958)}} | [[File:Luis Guillermo Solís, Costa Rica 03(cropped).JPG|100px]] | 8 May 2014 | 8 May 2018 | [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|Citizens' Action]] | [[2014 Costa Rican general election|2014]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|48}} | [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]]<br />{{small|(born 1980)}} | [[File:Carlos Alvarado (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2018 | 8 May 2022 | [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|Citizens' Action]] | [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018]] | {{small|Youngest president since Alfredo González Flores (1914).}} {{small|First president to be called by Congress for hearing.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Progress Party}}| {{color|white|49}} | [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]]<br />{{small|(born 1961)}} | [[File:Presidente Rodrigo Chaves Robles, 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2022 | 8 May 2026 | [[Social Democratic Progress Party|Social Democratic Progress]] | [[2022 Costa Rican general election|2022]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|50}} | [[Laura Fernández Delgado]]<br />{{small|(born 1986)}} | [[File:Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2026 | Incumbent<br />{{small|(''Term ends on 8 May 2030'')}} | [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's]] | [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026]] | {{small|Second female president of Costa Rica.}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muñoz-Ledo |first1=Rocío |title=Laura Fernández asumirá en mayo como la segunda mujer presidenta de Costa Rica |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Laura Fernández will take office in May as Costa Rica's second female president |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202092430/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica|*]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rica-related lists|president]] otgv22zrye82u39v8ad1qkj1tmfdljv 10882545 10882538 2026-06-09T19:17:36Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Presidents of Costa Rica (1848–present) */ 10882545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political post | post = President | body = the<br />Republic of Costa Rica | native_name = Presidente de la República de Costa Rica | insignia = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Costa Rica]] | image = Laura_Fernandez_Delgado_presidential_inauguration_20260508_0515_(cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200px | incumbent = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | incumbentsince = May 8, 2026 | residence = [[Official residence#Costa Rica|Casa Presidencial, Costa Rica]] | termlength = Four years,<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=17 March 2021 |date=2015 |first=Enrique |last=Romero |number=136 |periodical=Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas |title=Derecho constitucional y reelección presidencial: Sentencia del tribunal constitucional No. 2771 del 2003 |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r34659.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | termlength_qualified = renewable but not immediately | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Costa Rica]] (1949) | type = [[Head of state]]<br/>[[Head of government]] | inaugural = [[José María Castro Madriz]] | formation = {{start date and age|1848|8|31|p=1|br=1}}<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015>{{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es |access-date= 6 September 2024 |archive-date= 18 July 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125759/https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> | deputy = [[Vice President of Costa Rica]] | salary = {{currency|5124387|CRC}} / {{currency|10110|USD}} monthly<ref name="latinpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|title=Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage|date=22 June 2017|publisher=Latin Post|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118114659/https://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{official url}} | style = {{lang|es|[[Excelentísima Señora]]}} }} The '''President of Costa Rica''' is the [[head of state]] and [[Head of government|government]] of [[Costa Rica]]. The President is elected in direct elections. He or she is elected for four years. Two [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice Presidents]] are elected at the same time with the President. The President appoints the Council of Ministers.<ref>http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424045745/http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm |date=2013-04-24 }} Executive Branch</ref> Due to the abolition of the [[military of Costa Rica]] in 1948, the president is not a [[Commander-in-chief]]. Here is a table that has a list of the junta chairmen, presidents and heads of state of [[Costa Rica]] since independence from [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. From 1824 to 1838 Costa Rica was a state in the [[Federal Republic of Central America]]. After that it has been an independent nation. ==Heads of State of Costa Rica (1825-1848)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150|Name ! width=100|Term ! width=100|Party ! width=100|Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||1825–1833 || Liberal ||<small>Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" hot dog |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1833–1835 || Conservative ||<small>Resigned, [[Manuel Fernández Chacón]] and [[Nicolás Ulloa Soto]] followed as acting Heads of State.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1835–1837 || Liberal ||<small>First term. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||March–April 1837 || Liberal ||<small>Provisional</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Manuel Aguilar Chacón]] ||1837–1838 ||Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1838–1842 || Liberal ||<small>Second term, deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco Morazán]] ||April–September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[António Pinto Soares]] ||September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1842–1844 || Liberal ||<small>First term. Provisional. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla]] ||November–December 1844 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1845–1846 || Conservative ||<small> </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1846–1847 || Liberal ||<small>Second term.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] ||1847–1848 || Liberal ||<small> </small> |} ==Presidents of Costa Rica (1848–present)== {{legend2|{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}|Liberal|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|darkblue|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Military Rule}}|Military|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|#2F4F4F|[[Peliquista Party|PP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|PR]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|PRN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Union Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|PUN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}|[[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|PAC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Progress Party}}|[[Social Democratic Progress Party|PPSD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|#00CED1|[[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! width=150 colspan=2|[[President of Costa Rica|President]]<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! width=100 colspan=2|Term of office ! width=100|Political affiliation ! [[Elections in Costa Rica|Election]] ! Notes |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|1}} | [[José María Castro Madriz]]<br />{{small|(1818–1892)}} | [[File:José María Castro Madriz.JPG|100px]] | 31 August 1848<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015> {{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es }} </ref> | 16 November 1849 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1847 Costa Rican Head of State election|1847]] | {{small|"Founder of the Republic".}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[Miguel Mora Porras]]<br />{{small|(1816–1887)}} | [[File:Miguel Mora Porras 001.jpg|100px]] | 16 November 1849 | 26 November 1849 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Interim president.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|2}} | [[Juan Rafael Mora Porras|Juan Mora Porras]]<br />{{small|(1814–1860)}} | [[File:Juan Rafael Mora Porras.JPG|100px]] | 26 November 1849 | 14 August 1859 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1849 Costa Rican general election|1849]]<br />[[1853 Costa Rican general election|1853]]<br />[[1859 Costa Rican general election|1859]] | {{small|First, second and third term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|3}} | [[José María Montealegre|José María Montealegre Fernández]]<br />{{small|(1815–1887)}} | [[File:José María Montealegra Fernández.JPG|100px]] | 14 August 1859 | 8 May 1863 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1860 Costa Rican general election|1860]] | {{small|Provisional 1859–1860.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|4}} | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />{{small|(1823–1897)}} | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1863 | 8 May 1866 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1863 Costa Rican general election|1863]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|5}} | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]]<br />{{small|(1818–1892)}} | [[File:José María Castro Madriz.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1866 | 1 November 1868 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1866 Costa Rican general election|1866]] | {{small|Second term. Deposed in a coup d'état.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}}| {{color|black|6}} | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />{{small|(1823–1897)}} | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|100px]] | 1 November 1868 | 27 April 1870 | Military | ''De facto'' | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|7}} | [[Bruno Carranza|Bruno Carranza Ramírez]]<br />{{small|(1822–1891)}} | [[File:Bruno Carranza Ramirez.JPG|100px]] | 27 April 1870 | 8 August 1870 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Appointed by Tomás Guardia as provisional president. Resigned after a few months.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|8}} | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1831–1882)}} | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|100px]] | 10 August 1870 | 8 May 1876 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1872 Costa Rican general election|1872]] | {{small|Provisional 1870–1872, latter elected.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|9}} | [[Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz]]<br />{{small|(1824–1898)}} | [[File:Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz 2.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1876 | 30 July 1876 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1876 Costa Rican general election|1876]] | {{small|Deposed in a coup d'état.}} |- ! style="background:darkblue| {{color|white|10}} | [[Vicente Herrera Zeledón]]<br />{{small|(1821–1888)}} | [[File:Vicente Herrera Zeledón.JPG|100px]] | 30 July 1876 | 11 September 1877 | Non-partisan Conservative | |{{small|Appointed by Guardia.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|11}} | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1831–1882)}} | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|100px]] | 11 September 1877 | 6 July 1882 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Second term as de facto ruler. Died in office.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|12}} | [[Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1826–1905)}} | [[File:Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez-2.jpg|100px]] | 6 July 1882 | 20 July 1882 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Acting president.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|13}} | [[Próspero Fernández Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1834–1885)}} | [[File:Próspero Fernández Oreamuno.JPG|100px]] | 20 July 1882 | 12 March 1885 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1882 Costa Rican general election|1882]] | {{small|Died in office.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|14}} | [[Bernardo Soto Alfaro]]<br />{{small|(1854–1931)}} | [[File:Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG|100px]] | 12 March 1885 | 8 May 1890 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1886 Costa Rican general election|1886]] | {{small|Two consecutive terms, the first incomplete. [[Carlos Durán Cartín]] was acting president 1889–1890.}} |- ! style="background:#012D8B| {{color|white|15}} | [[José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón|José Rodríguez Zeledón]]<br />{{small|(1837–1917)}} | [[File:José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1890 | 8 May 1894 | [[Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)|Constitutional Democratic]] | [[1889 Costa Rican general election|1889]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|16}} | [[Rafael Yglesias Castro]]<br />{{small|(1861–1924)}} | [[File:Rafael Iglesias Castro.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1894 | 8 May 1902 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil]] | [[1894 Costa Rican general election|1894]]<br />[[1897 Costa Rican general election|1897]] | {{small|First and second term.}} |- ! style="background:#D0D0D0| {{color|white|17}} | [[Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra]]<br />{{small|(1844–1923)}} | [[File:Ascención Esquivel Ibarra (adjusted).JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1902 | 8 May 1906 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1902 Costa Rican general election|1902]] | |- ! style="background:#D0D0D0| {{color|white|18}} | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />{{small|(1858–1937)}} | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1906 | 8 May 1910 | [[National Party (Costa Rica)|National]] | [[1906 Costa Rican general election|1906]] | {{small|First term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|19}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1910 | 8 May 1914 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | [[1910 Costa Rican general election|1910]] | {{small|First term. Son of [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|20}} | [[Alfredo González Flores]]<br />{{small|(1877–1962)}} | [[File:Alfredo Gonzalez Flores.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1914 | 27 January 1917 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | {{small|''Designated by Congress as no clear candidate won in [[1913 Costa Rican general election|1913]]''}} | ''De facto''<br />{{small|Deposed by [[Federico Tinoco Granados|Tinoco]] in a [[1917 Costa Rican coup d'état|coup d'état]].}} |- ! style="background:#2F4F4F| {{color|white|21}} | [[Federico Tinoco Granados]]<br />{{small|(1868–1931)}} | [[File:Federico Tinoco Granados.jpg|100px]] | 27 January 1917 | 13 August 1919 | [[Peliquista Party|Peliquista]] | {{small|''Took power after coup, was sole candidate in the [[1917 Costa Rican general election|1917 election]]''}} | {{small|First and second term. Overthrown by popular uprising.}} |- ! style="background:#2F4F4F| {{color|white|22}} | [[Juan Bautista Quirós Segura|Juan Quirós Segura]]<br />{{small|(1853–1934)}} | [[File:Juan Bautista Quirós Segura.jpg|100px]] | 13 August 1919 | 2 September 1919 | [[Peliquista Party|Peliquista]] | ''De facto'' | {{small|Previously [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice President]]. Replaced Tinoco after his escape. Forced to resign by the U.S. government.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|23}} | [[Francisco Aguilar Barquero]]<br />{{small|(1857–1924)}} | [[File:Francisco Aguilar Barquero.jpg|100px]] | 2 September 1919 | 8 May 1920 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | | {{small|Interim president.}} |- ! style="background:#012D8B| {{color|white|24}} | [[Julio Acosta García]]<br />{{small|(1872–1954)}} | [[File:Julio Acosta García.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1920 | 8 May 1924 | [[Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)|Constitutional]] | [[1919 Costa Rican general election|1919]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|25}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1924 | 8 May 1928 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | [[1923 Costa Rican general election|1923]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Union Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|26}} | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />{{small|(1858–1937)}} | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1928 | 8 May 1932 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1928 Costa Rican general election|1928]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|27}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1932 | 8 May 1936 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1932 Costa Rican general election|1932]] | {{small|Third term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|28}} | [[León Cortés Castro]]<br />{{small|(1882–1946)}} | [[File:Povedano - León Cortés Castro, pte CR (adjusted).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1936 | 8 May 1940 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1936 Costa Rican general election|1936]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|29}} | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia|Rafael Calderón Guardia]]<br />{{small|(1900–1970)}} | [[File:Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1940 | 8 May 1944 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1940 Costa Rican general election|1940]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|30}} | [[Teodoro Picado Michalski]]<br />{{small|(1900–1960)}} | [[File:Teodoro Picado Michalski.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1944 | 20 April 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1944 Costa Rican general election|1944]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[Santos León Herrera]]<br />{{small|(1874–1950)}} | [[File:Santos Leon (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 20 April 1948 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | | {{small|Interim president. Former vice-president of Teodoro Picado Michalski.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1948 | 8 November 1949 | [[Social Democratic Party of Costa Rica|Social Democratic]] | ''De facto'' | {{small|Came to power in the [[Costa Rican Civil War|Civil War]]. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government.}} |- ! style="background:#104AAE| {{color|white|31}} | [[Otilio Ulate Blanco]]<br />{{small|(1891–1973)}} | [[File:Otilio Ulate Blanco cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 November 1949 | 8 November 1953 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1948 Costa Rican general election|1948]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|32}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 November 1953 | 8 May 1958 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1953 Costa Rican general election|1953]] | {{small|Second term. Presidential re-election disallowed.}} |- ! style="background:#104AAE| {{color|white|33}} | [[Mario Echandi Jiménez]]<br />{{small|(1915–2011)}} | [[File:Mario Echandi Jimenez cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1958 | 8 May 1962 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1958 Costa Rican general election|1958]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|34}} | [[Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich]]<br />{{small|(1907–1969)}} | [[File:Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1962 | 8 May 1966 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1962 Costa Rican general election|1962]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Unification Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|35}} | [[José Joaquín Trejos Fernández|José Trejos Fernández]]<br />{{small|(1916–2010)}} | [[File:Jose Joaquín Trejos Fernández.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1966 | 8 May 1970 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification]] | [[1966 Costa Rican general election|1966]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|36}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1970 | 8 May 1974 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1970 Costa Rican general election|1970]] | {{small|Third term. Presidential re-election disallowed.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|37}} | [[Daniel Oduber Quirós]]<br />{{small|(1921–1991)}} | [[File:Daniel Oduber Quirós.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1974 | 8 May 1978 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1974 Costa Rican general election|1974]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Unity Coalition}}| {{color|white|38}} | [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]]<br />{{small|(1926–2009)}} | [[File:Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1978 | 8 May 1982 | [[Unity Coalition]] | [[1978 Costa Rican general election|1978]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|39}} | [[Luis Alberto Monge|Luis Monge Álvarez]]<br />{{small|(1925–2016)}} | [[File:Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1982 | 8 May 1986 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1982 Costa Rican general election|1982]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|40}} | [[Óscar Arias Sánchez]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:OscarArias.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1986 | 8 May 1990 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1986 Costa Rican general election|1986]] | {{small|[[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner (1987).<br />First term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|41}} | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Calderón Fournier]]<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} | [[File:Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png|100px]] | 8 May 1990 | 8 May 1994 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[1990 Costa Rican general election|1990]] | {{small|Son of [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|42}} | [[José María Figueres|José Figueres Olsen]]<br />{{small|(born 1954)}} | [[File:Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1994 | 8 May 1998 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1994 Costa Rican general election|1994]] | {{small|Son of [[José Figueres Ferrer]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|43}} | [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez|Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:MiguelAngelRodriguezEcheverria.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1998 | 8 May 2002 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[1998 Costa Rican general election|1998]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|44}} | [[Abel Pacheco|Abel Pacheco de la Espriella]]<br />{{small|(born 1933)}} | [[File:Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2002 | 8 May 2006 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[2002 Costa Rican general election|2002]] | {{small|Presidential re-election re-instated.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|45}} | [[Óscar Arias Sánchez]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:Óscar Arias.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2006 | 8 May 2010 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[2006 Costa Rican general election|2006]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|46}} | [[Laura Chinchilla Miranda]]<br />{{small|(born 1959)}} | [[File:Laura Chinchilla Miranda with Hillary Rodham Clinton (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2010 | 8 May 2014 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[2010 Costa Rican general election|2010]] | {{small|[[List of elected and appointed female state leaders|First female]] president of Costa Rica.}}<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/world/americas/displaystory.cfm?story_id=16064019&source=hptextfeature | work=The Economist | title=Costa Rica's new president: After Arias: Tax increases, trade deals and antidisestablishmentarianism. | date=6 May 2010 | access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|47}} | [[Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera]]<br />{{small|(born 1958)}} | [[File:Luis Guillermo Solís, Costa Rica 03(cropped).JPG|100px]] | 8 May 2014 | 8 May 2018 | [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|Citizens' Action]] | [[2014 Costa Rican general election|2014]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|48}} | [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]]<br />{{small|(born 1980)}} | [[File:Carlos Alvarado (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2018 | 8 May 2022 | [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|Citizens' Action]] | [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018]] | {{small|Youngest president since Alfredo González Flores (1914).}} {{small|First president to be called by Congress for hearing.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Progress Party}}| {{color|white|49}} | [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]]<br />{{small|(born 1961)}} | [[File:Presidente Rodrigo Chaves Robles, 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2022 | 8 May 2026 | [[Social Democratic Progress Party|Social Democratic Progress]] | [[2022 Costa Rican general election|2022]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|50}} | [[Laura Fernández Delgado]]<br />{{small|(born 1986)}} | [[File:Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2026 | Incumbent<br />{{small|(''Term ends on 8 May 2030'')}} | [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's]] | [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026]] | {{small|Second female president of Costa Rica.}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muñoz-Ledo |first1=Rocío |title=Laura Fernández asumirá en mayo como la segunda mujer presidenta de Costa Rica |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Laura Fernández will take office in May as Costa Rica's second female president |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202092430/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica|*]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rica-related lists|president]] 1g0g0sog3603ar8eem407jqg771bqhe 10882546 10882545 2026-06-09T19:17:53Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Presidents of Costa Rica (1848–present) */ 10882546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political post | post = President | body = the<br />Republic of Costa Rica | native_name = Presidente de la República de Costa Rica | insignia = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = [[Coat of arms of Costa Rica]] | image = Laura_Fernandez_Delgado_presidential_inauguration_20260508_0515_(cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200px | incumbent = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | incumbentsince = May 8, 2026 | residence = [[Official residence#Costa Rica|Casa Presidencial, Costa Rica]] | termlength = Four years,<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=17 March 2021 |date=2015 |first=Enrique |last=Romero |number=136 |periodical=Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas |title=Derecho constitucional y reelección presidencial: Sentencia del tribunal constitucional No. 2771 del 2003 |url=https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r34659.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> | termlength_qualified = renewable but not immediately | constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Costa Rica]] (1949) | type = [[Head of state]]<br/>[[Head of government]] | inaugural = [[José María Castro Madriz]] | formation = {{start date and age|1848|8|31|p=1|br=1}}<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015>{{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es |access-date= 6 September 2024 |archive-date= 18 July 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240718125759/https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref> | deputy = [[Vice President of Costa Rica]] | salary = {{currency|5124387|CRC}} / {{currency|10110|USD}} monthly<ref name="latinpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|title=Shocking Gap Between Latin America's Presidential Salaries And Workers Minimum Wage|date=22 June 2017|publisher=Latin Post|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118114659/https://www.latinpost.com/articles/141919/20170622/comparing-latin-america-s-presidential-salaries-minimum-wage-shocking.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> | website = {{official url}} | style = {{lang|es|[[Excelentísima Señora]]}} }} The '''President of Costa Rica''' is the [[head of state]] and [[Head of government|government]] of [[Costa Rica]]. The President is elected in direct elections. He or she is elected for four years. Two [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice Presidents]] are elected at the same time with the President. The President appoints the Council of Ministers.<ref>http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424045745/http://www.guiascostarica.com/cr1.htm |date=2013-04-24 }} Executive Branch</ref> Due to the abolition of the [[military of Costa Rica]] in 1948, the president is not a [[Commander-in-chief]]. Here is a table that has a list of the junta chairmen, presidents and heads of state of [[Costa Rica]] since independence from [[Spain]] and [[Mexico]]. From 1824 to 1838 Costa Rica was a state in the [[Federal Republic of Central America]]. After that it has been an independent nation. ==Heads of State of Costa Rica (1825-1848)== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! width=150|Name ! width=100|Term ! width=100|Party ! width=100|Notes |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||1825–1833 || Liberal ||<small>Two successive periods; re-elected in 1829.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" hot dog |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1833–1835 || Conservative ||<small>Resigned, [[Manuel Fernández Chacón]] and [[Nicolás Ulloa Soto]] followed as acting Heads of State.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1835–1837 || Liberal ||<small>First term. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Juan Mora Fernández]] ||March–April 1837 || Liberal ||<small>Provisional</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Manuel Aguilar Chacón]] ||1837–1838 ||Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Braulio Carrillo Colina]] ||1838–1842 || Liberal ||<small>Second term, deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco Morazán]] ||April–September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed by popular uprising; executed 15 September 1842.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[António Pinto Soares]] ||September 1842 || Liberal ||<small>Came to power in popular uprising, and quickly resigned.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1842–1844 || Liberal ||<small>First term. Provisional. </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla]] ||November–December 1844 || Liberal ||<small>Deposed in a coup.</small> |- style="background:#ddeeff" |[[José Rafael Gallegos]] ||1845–1846 || Conservative ||<small> </small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Alfaro Zamora]] ||1846–1847 || Liberal ||<small>Second term.</small> |- style="background:#ffe1e1" |[[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]] ||1847–1848 || Liberal ||<small> </small> |} ==Presidents of Costa Rica (1848–present)== {{legend2|{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}|Liberal|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|darkblue|Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Military Rule}}|Military|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|#2F4F4F|[[Peliquista Party|PP]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|PR]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|PRN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Union Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|PUN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}|[[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}|[[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|PAC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|{{party color|Social Democratic Progress Party}}|[[Social Democratic Progress Party|PPSD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {{legend2|#00CED1|[[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA|horizontal=0}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! width=150 colspan=2|[[President of Costa Rica|President]]<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! width=100 colspan=2|Term of office ! width=100|Political affiliation ! [[Elections in Costa Rica|Election]] ! Notes |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|1}} | [[José María Castro Madriz]]<br />{{small|(1818–1892)}} | [[File:José María Castro Madriz.JPG|100px]] | 31 August 1848<ref name=SupremeElectionTribunalCRgov-CRrepublicPResidents-2015> {{Cite web |url= https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf |publisher= El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (government of Costa Rica) |title= Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica |work= Infohistoria |author= Rodrigo A. Granados Jiménez |year= 2015 |lang= es }} </ref> | 16 November 1849 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1847 Costa Rican Head of State election|1847]] | {{small|"Founder of the Republic".}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[Miguel Mora Porras]]<br />{{small|(1816–1887)}} | [[File:Miguel Mora Porras 001.jpg|100px]] | 16 November 1849 | 26 November 1849 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Interim president.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|2}} | [[Juan Rafael Mora Porras|Juan Mora Porras]]<br />{{small|(1814–1860)}} | [[File:Juan Rafael Mora Porras.JPG|100px]] | 26 November 1849 | 14 August 1859 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1849 Costa Rican general election|1849]]<br />[[1853 Costa Rican general election|1853]]<br />[[1859 Costa Rican general election|1859]] | {{small|First, second and third term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|3}} | [[José María Montealegre|José María Montealegre Fernández]]<br />{{small|(1815–1887)}} | [[File:José María Montealegra Fernández.JPG|100px]] | 14 August 1859 | 8 May 1863 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1860 Costa Rican general election|1860]] | {{small|Provisional 1859–1860.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|4}} | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />{{small|(1823–1897)}} | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1863 | 8 May 1866 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1863 Costa Rican general election|1863]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|5}} | [[José María Castro Madriz|José Castro Madriz]]<br />{{small|(1818–1892)}} | [[File:José María Castro Madriz.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1866 | 1 November 1868 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1866 Costa Rican general election|1866]] | {{small|Second term. Deposed in a coup d'état.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}}| {{color|black|6}} | [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]]<br />{{small|(1823–1897)}} | [[File:Jesús Jiménez Zamora.JPG|100px]] | 1 November 1868 | 27 April 1870 | Military | ''De facto'' | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|7}} | [[Bruno Carranza|Bruno Carranza Ramírez]]<br />{{small|(1822–1891)}} | [[File:Bruno Carranza Ramirez.JPG|100px]] | 27 April 1870 | 8 August 1870 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Appointed by Tomás Guardia as provisional president. Resigned after a few months.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|8}} | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1831–1882)}} | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|100px]] | 10 August 1870 | 8 May 1876 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1872 Costa Rican general election|1872]] | {{small|Provisional 1870–1872, latter elected.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|9}} | [[Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz]]<br />{{small|(1824–1898)}} | [[File:Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz 2.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1876 | 30 July 1876 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1876 Costa Rican general election|1876]] | {{small|Deposed in a coup d'état.}} |- ! style="background:darkblue| {{color|white|10}} | [[Vicente Herrera Zeledón]]<br />{{small|(1821–1888)}} | [[File:Vicente Herrera Zeledón.JPG|100px]] | 30 July 1876 | 11 September 1877 | Non-partisan Conservative | |{{small|Appointed by Guardia.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|11}} | [[Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1831–1882)}} | [[File:Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez.JPG|100px]] | 11 September 1877 | 6 July 1882 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Second term as de facto ruler. Died in office.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|12}} | [[Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez]]<br />{{small|(1826–1905)}} | [[File:Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez-2.jpg|100px]] | 6 July 1882 | 20 July 1882 | Non-partisan Liberal | | {{small|Acting president.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|13}} | [[Próspero Fernández Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1834–1885)}} | [[File:Próspero Fernández Oreamuno.JPG|100px]] | 20 July 1882 | 12 March 1885 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1882 Costa Rican general election|1882]] | {{small|Died in office.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|14}} | [[Bernardo Soto Alfaro]]<br />{{small|(1854–1931)}} | [[File:Bernardo Soto Alfaro.JPG|100px]] | 12 March 1885 | 8 May 1890 | Non-partisan Liberal | [[1886 Costa Rican general election|1886]] | {{small|Two consecutive terms, the first incomplete. [[Carlos Durán Cartín]] was acting president 1889–1890.}} |- ! style="background:#012D8B| {{color|white|15}} | [[José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón|José Rodríguez Zeledón]]<br />{{small|(1837–1917)}} | [[File:José Joaquín Rodríguez Zeledón.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1890 | 8 May 1894 | [[Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)|Constitutional Democratic]] | [[1889 Costa Rican general election|1889]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Liberal (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|16}} | [[Rafael Yglesias Castro]]<br />{{small|(1861–1924)}} | [[File:Rafael Iglesias Castro.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1894 | 8 May 1902 | [[Civil Party (Costa Rica)|Civil]] | [[1894 Costa Rican general election|1894]]<br />[[1897 Costa Rican general election|1897]] | {{small|First and second term.}} |- ! style="background:#D0D0D0| {{color|white|17}} | [[Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra]]<br />{{small|(1844–1923)}} | [[File:Ascención Esquivel Ibarra (adjusted).JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1902 | 8 May 1906 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1902 Costa Rican general election|1902]] | |- ! style="background:#D0D0D0| {{color|white|18}} | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />{{small|(1858–1937)}} | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1906 | 8 May 1910 | [[National Party (Costa Rica)|National]] | [[1906 Costa Rican general election|1906]] | {{small|First term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|19}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1910 | 8 May 1914 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | [[1910 Costa Rican general election|1910]] | {{small|First term. Son of [[Jesús Jiménez Zamora]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|20}} | [[Alfredo González Flores]]<br />{{small|(1877–1962)}} | [[File:Alfredo Gonzalez Flores.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1914 | 27 January 1917 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | {{small|''Designated by Congress as no clear candidate won in [[1913 Costa Rican general election|1913]]''}} | ''De facto''<br />{{small|Deposed by [[Federico Tinoco Granados|Tinoco]] in a [[1917 Costa Rican coup d'état|coup d'état]].}} |- ! style="background:#2F4F4F| {{color|white|21}} | [[Federico Tinoco Granados]]<br />{{small|(1868–1931)}} | [[File:Federico Tinoco Granados.jpg|100px]] | 27 January 1917 | 13 August 1919 | [[Peliquista Party|Peliquista]] | {{small|''Took power after coup, was sole candidate in the [[1917 Costa Rican general election|1917 election]]''}} | {{small|First and second term. Overthrown by popular uprising.}} |- ! style="background:#2F4F4F| {{color|white|22}} | [[Juan Bautista Quirós Segura|Juan Quirós Segura]]<br />{{small|(1853–1934)}} | [[File:Juan Bautista Quirós Segura.jpg|100px]] | 13 August 1919 | 2 September 1919 | [[Peliquista Party|Peliquista]] | ''De facto'' | {{small|Previously [[Vice President of Costa Rica|Vice President]]. Replaced Tinoco after his escape. Forced to resign by the U.S. government.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|23}} | [[Francisco Aguilar Barquero]]<br />{{small|(1857–1924)}} | [[File:Francisco Aguilar Barquero.jpg|100px]] | 2 September 1919 | 8 May 1920 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | | {{small|Interim president.}} |- ! style="background:#012D8B| {{color|white|24}} | [[Julio Acosta García]]<br />{{small|(1872–1954)}} | [[File:Julio Acosta García.JPG|100px]] | 8 May 1920 | 8 May 1924 | [[Constitutional Party (Costa Rica)|Constitutional]] | [[1919 Costa Rican general election|1919]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|25}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1924 | 8 May 1928 | [[Republican Party (Costa Rica)|Republican]] | [[1923 Costa Rican general election|1923]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Union Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|26}} | [[Cleto González Víquez]]<br />{{small|(1858–1937)}} | [[File:Cleto González Víquez.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1928 | 8 May 1932 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1928 Costa Rican general election|1928]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|27}} | [[Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno]]<br />{{small|(1859–1945)}} | [[File:Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1932 | 8 May 1936 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1932 Costa Rican general election|1932]] | {{small|Third term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|28}} | [[León Cortés Castro]]<br />{{small|(1882–1946)}} | [[File:Povedano - León Cortés Castro, pte CR (adjusted).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1936 | 8 May 1940 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1936 Costa Rican general election|1936]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|29}} | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia|Rafael Calderón Guardia]]<br />{{small|(1900–1970)}} | [[File:Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1940 | 8 May 1944 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1940 Costa Rican general election|1940]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|30}} | [[Teodoro Picado Michalski]]<br />{{small|(1900–1960)}} | [[File:Teodoro Picado Michalski.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1944 | 20 April 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | [[1944 Costa Rican general election|1944]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[Santos León Herrera]]<br />{{small|(1874–1950)}} | [[File:Santos Leon (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 20 April 1948 | 8 May 1948 | [[National Republican Party (Costa Rica)|National Republican]] | | {{small|Interim president. Former vice-president of Teodoro Picado Michalski.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military Rule}}| {{color|white|{{small|*}}}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1948 | 8 November 1949 | [[Social Democratic Party of Costa Rica|Social Democratic]] | ''De facto'' | {{small|Came to power in the [[Costa Rican Civil War|Civil War]]. Returned power to elected president after re-organizing the government.}} |- ! style="background:#104AAE| {{color|white|31}} | [[Otilio Ulate Blanco]]<br />{{small|(1891–1973)}} | [[File:Otilio Ulate Blanco cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 November 1949 | 8 November 1953 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1948 Costa Rican general election|1948]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|32}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 November 1953 | 8 May 1958 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1953 Costa Rican general election|1953]] | {{small|Second term. Presidential re-election disallowed.}} |- ! style="background:#104AAE| {{color|white|33}} | [[Mario Echandi Jiménez]]<br />{{small|(1915–2011)}} | [[File:Mario Echandi Jimenez cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1958 | 8 May 1962 | [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union]] | [[1958 Costa Rican general election|1958]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|34}} | [[Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich]]<br />{{small|(1907–1969)}} | [[File:Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1962 | 8 May 1966 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1962 Costa Rican general election|1962]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Unification Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|35}} | [[José Joaquín Trejos Fernández|José Trejos Fernández]]<br />{{small|(1916–2010)}} | [[File:Jose Joaquín Trejos Fernández.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1966 | 8 May 1970 | [[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|National Unification]] | [[1966 Costa Rican general election|1966]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|36}} | [[José Figueres Ferrer]]<br />{{small|(1906–1990)}} | [[File:José Figueres Ferrer cropped.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1970 | 8 May 1974 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1970 Costa Rican general election|1970]] | {{small|Third term. Presidential re-election disallowed.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|37}} | [[Daniel Oduber Quirós]]<br />{{small|(1921–1991)}} | [[File:Daniel Oduber Quirós.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1974 | 8 May 1978 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1974 Costa Rican general election|1974]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Unity Coalition}}| {{color|white|38}} | [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]]<br />{{small|(1926–2009)}} | [[File:Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1978 | 8 May 1982 | [[Unity Coalition]] | [[1978 Costa Rican general election|1978]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|39}} | [[Luis Alberto Monge|Luis Monge Álvarez]]<br />{{small|(1925–2016)}} | [[File:Luis Alberto Monge (1984).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1982 | 8 May 1986 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1982 Costa Rican general election|1982]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|40}} | [[Óscar Arias Sánchez]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:OscarArias.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1986 | 8 May 1990 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1986 Costa Rican general election|1986]] | {{small|[[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner (1987).<br />First term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|41}} | [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Calderón Fournier]]<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} | [[File:Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png|100px]] | 8 May 1990 | 8 May 1994 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[1990 Costa Rican general election|1990]] | {{small|Son of [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|42}} | [[José María Figueres|José Figueres Olsen]]<br />{{small|(born 1954)}} | [[File:Jose maria figueres olsen.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1994 | 8 May 1998 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[1994 Costa Rican general election|1994]] | {{small|Son of [[José Figueres Ferrer]].}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|43}} | [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez|Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:MiguelAngelRodriguezEcheverria.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 1998 | 8 May 2002 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[1998 Costa Rican general election|1998]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}| {{color|white|44}} | [[Abel Pacheco|Abel Pacheco de la Espriella]]<br />{{small|(born 1933)}} | [[File:Defense.gov News Photo 050511-D-9880W-053 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2002 | 8 May 2006 | [[Social Christian Unity Party|Social Christian Unity]] | [[2002 Costa Rican general election|2002]] | {{small|Presidential re-election re-instated.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|45}} | [[Óscar Arias Sánchez]]<br />{{small|(born 1940)}} | [[File:Óscar Arias.jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2006 | 8 May 2010 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[2006 Costa Rican general election|2006]] | {{small|Second term.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|46}} | [[Laura Chinchilla Miranda]]<br />{{small|(born 1959)}} | [[File:Laura Chinchilla Miranda with Hillary Rodham Clinton (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2010 | 8 May 2014 | [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation]] | [[2010 Costa Rican general election|2010]] | {{small|[[List of elected and appointed female state leaders|First female]] president of Costa Rica.}}<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/world/americas/displaystory.cfm?story_id=16064019&source=hptextfeature | work=The Economist | title=Costa Rica's new president: After Arias: Tax increases, trade deals and antidisestablishmentarianism. | date=6 May 2010 | access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref> |- ! style="background:{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|47}} | [[Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera]]<br />{{small|(born 1958)}} | [[File:Luis Guillermo Solís, Costa Rica 03(cropped).JPG|100px]] | 8 May 2014 | 8 May 2018 | [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|Citizens' Action]] | [[2014 Costa Rican general election|2014]] | |- ! style="background:{{party color|Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)}}| {{color|white|48}} | [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]]<br />{{small|(born 1980)}} | [[File:Carlos Alvarado (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2018 | 8 May 2022 | [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|Citizens' Action]] | [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018]] | {{small|Youngest president since Alfredo González Flores (1914).}} {{small|First president to be called by Congress for hearing.}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Progress Party}}| {{color|white|49}} | [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]]<br />{{small|(born 1961)}} | [[File:Presidente Rodrigo Chaves Robles, 2022 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2022 | 8 May 2026 | [[Social Democratic Progress Party|Social Democratic Progress]] | [[2022 Costa Rican general election|2022]] | |- ! style="background:#00CED1| {{color|white|50}} | [[Laura Fernández Delgado]]<br />{{small|(born 1986)}} | [[File:Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg|100px]] | 8 May 2026 | Incumbent<br />{{small|(''Term ends on 8 May 2030'')}} | [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's]] | [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026]] | {{small|Second female president of Costa Rica.}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muñoz-Ledo |first1=Rocío |title=Laura Fernández asumirá en mayo como la segunda mujer presidenta de Costa Rica |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Laura Fernández will take office in May as Costa Rica's second female president |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202092430/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica|*]] [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rica-related lists|president]] k0sxn1qr5zjee1do5d969htua140c1o 0 399953 10882548 10253361 2026-06-09T19:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox MMA event |name=UFC 152: Jones vs. Belfort |image= |date=September 22, 2012 |venue=[[Air Canada Centre]] |city= [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] |attendance=16,800<ref name="attendance">{{cite web|url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30756/ufc-152-draws-a-reported-attendance-for-live-gate.mma|title=UFC 152 draws a reported 16,800 attendance for a $1.9 million live gate|publisher=MMAjunkie.com|date=2012-09-23|accessdate=2012-09-23|author=Staff|archive-date=2013-01-11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111074114/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/09/ufc-152-draws-a-reported-attendance-for-live-gate|url-status=dead}}</ref> |gate=$1,900,000<ref name="attendance" /> |buyrate=450,000<ref name="buyrate">{{cite web|url=http://mmafrenzy.com/30611/ufc-152-does-an-estimated-450k-pay-per-view-buys|title=UFC 152 Does an Estimated 450k Pay Per-View Buys|publisher=MMAFrenzy.com|date=2012-10-03|accessdate=2012-10-04|author=Denis, Jessie|archive-date=2012-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005071817/http://mmafrenzy.com/30611/ufc-152-does-an-estimated-450k-pay-per-view-buys/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |previousevent=[[UFC 151|UFC 151: Jones vs. Henderson]] |followingevent=[[UFC on Fuel TV: Struve vs. Miocic]] }} '''''UFC 152: Jones vs. Belfort ''''' was a [[mixed martial arts]] [[pay-per-view]] event held by the [[Ultimate Fighting Championship]] on September 22, 2012 at the [[Air Canada Centre]] in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ufc.com/event/UFC152 |title=UFC 152: Jones vs. Belfort|publisher=Ultimate Fighting Championship|accessdate=2012-08-23}}</ref> ==Background== [[Rory MacDonald (fighter)|Rory MacDonald]] was expected to face former two-time champion [[B.J. Penn]] at the event, but MacDonald pulled out of the bout after he cut his forehead while training.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1285425-ufc-152-rory-macdonald-injured-and-out-of-bj-penn-fight |title=UFC 152: Rory MacDonald Injured and out of B.J. Penn Fight |publisher=[[Bleacher Report]] |date=2012-08-05 |accessdate=2012-08-05 |last=Roth |first=Matthew}}</ref> The bout was rescheduled for [[UFC on Fox 5]] on December 8, 2012. UFC newcomer [[Roger Hollett]] was expected to face [[Matt Hamill]], who returned from retirement, at the event. However, Hollett was forced out of the bout due to a contract dispute and replaced by [[Vladimir Matyushenko]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30283/matyushenko-replaces-hollett-meets-hamill-at-ufc-152-in-toronto.mma |title=Matyushenko replaces Hollett, meets Hamill at UFC 152 in Toronto |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-08-20 |accessdate=2012-08-20 |last=Stupp |first=Dann |archive-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103214214/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/08/matyushenko-replaces-hollett-meets-hamill-at-ufc-152-in-toronto |url-status=dead }}</ref> Then, on September 11, 2012, Matyushenko pulled out of the fight after suffering a torn achilles tendon while training, and Hamill vs. Hollett was rebooked by UFC officials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30587/vladimir-matyushenko-injured-roger-hollett-back-in-to-meet-matt-hamill-at-ufc-152.mma |title=Vladimir Matyushenko injured; Roger Hollett back in to meet Matt Hamill at UFC 152 |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-09-11 |accessdate=2012-09-11 |last=Erickson |first=Matt |archive-date=2013-01-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129105320/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/09/vladimir-matyushenko-injured-roger-hollett-back-in-to-meet-matt-hamill-at-ufc-152 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A bout between [[Evan Dunham]] and [[TJ Grant]] was first supposed to be contested on the main card but was instead fought on the FX prelims, for unknown reasons. As a result of the cancellation of [[UFC 151]], a bout between [[Kyle Noke]] and [[Charlie Brenneman]] was rescheduled for this event.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30347/noke-brenneman-moved-to-ufc-152-in-toronto-miller-forced-out-of-bout-with-pierson.mma |title=Noke-Brenneman moved to UFC 152 in Toronto |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-08-23 |accessdate=2012-08-23 |author=Staff |archive-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103203226/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/08/noke-brenneman-moved-to-ufc-152-in-toronto-miller-forced-out-of-bout-with-pierson |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dan Miller (fighter)|Dan Miller]] was expected to face [[Sean Pierson]] at the event. However, Miller pulled out of the bout after getting news about his son's kidney transplant operation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmaweekly.com/dan-miller-happily-steps-off-ufc-152-fight-card-for-his-son |title=Dan Miller Happily Steps Off UFC 152 Fight Card for His Son |publisher=MMAWeekly.com |last=Pishna |first=Ken |date=2012-08-24 |accessdate=2012-08-24}}</ref> He was replaced by [[Lance Benoist]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Erickson |first=Matt |date=2012-08-24 |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30368/with-miller-out-sean-pierson-now-meets-lance-benoist-at-ufc-152-in-toronto.mma |title=With Miller out, Sean Pierson now meets Lance Benoist at UFC 152 in Toronto |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |accessdate=2012-08-25 |archive-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103193501/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/08/with-miller-out-sean-pierson-now-meets-lance-benoist-at-ufc-152-in-toronto |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the weigh-ins, [[Charles Oliveira]] failed to make weight by four tenths of pound on his first try.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30710/ufc-152-live-and-official-weigh-in-results.mma |title=UFC 152 official weigh-in results: Dual title fights official, Oliveira just misses mark |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-09-21 |accessdate=2012-09-21 |last=Staff |archive-date=2012-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923004627/http://mmajunkie.com/news/30710/ufc-152-live-and-official-weigh-in-results.mma |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the second, he was able to make 146.2&nbsp;lb. However, his opponent signed to fight at a catchweight, and Oliveira was not fined.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/ufc-152-fights-official-weigh-ins-210856236--mma.html |title=UFC 152 fights are official after weigh-ins |publisher=Yahoo! Sports |date=2012-09-21 |accessdate=2012-09-21 |last=Hendricks |first=Maggie |archive-date=2012-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925065728/http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/ufc-152-fights-official-weigh-ins-210856236--mma.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Main event=== {{see also|UFC 151}} The main event was [[UFC Light Heavyweight Champion]] [[Jon Jones (fighter)|Jon Jones]] facing former champion [[Vitor Belfort]]. Originally, Jones was set to defend his title against [[Dan Henderson]] at [[UFC 151]] on September 1, 2012 in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], but UFC President [[Dana White]] announced on August 23, 2012 that Henderson had a tear in his [[Medial collateral ligament|MCL]] and would not be able to compete. It was then revealed that Jones declined a fight against [[Chael Sonnen]], who offered to take the fight on eight days notice. As a result, the event was cancelled. This marked the first time the UFC had cancelled an event, with the official fight card having been announced, in the organization's history. {{Quote box| quote = "Here I am with 35 years old, 17 years into my career, fighting the best fighter of all-time, in the history of the UFC, a guy who's [considered] the best athlete in MMA." |align=left |width=40% |source=-[[Vitor Belfort]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30418/ufc-152-title-challenger-vitor-belfort-im-fighting-the-best-fighter-of-all-time.mma |title=UFC 152 title challenger Vitor Belfort: 'I'm fighting the best fighter of all time' |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-08-29 |accessdate=2012-08-29 |author=Staff |archive-date=2012-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831073248/http://mmajunkie.com/news/30418/ufc-152-title-challenger-vitor-belfort-im-fighting-the-best-fighter-of-all-time.mma |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} Following the cancellation of the event, White said that UFC 151 simply will not exist. Jones was set to face [[Lyoto Machida]] in a rematch at this event after the cancellation of that event, but Machida declined the fight. Then, Belfort was chosen to take Machida's place.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30353/vitor-belfort-replaces-lyoto-machida-against-champ-jon-jones-at-ufc-152.mma |title=Vitor Belfort replaces Lyoto Machida against champ Jon Jones at UFC 152 |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-08-24 |accessdate=2012-08-24 |last=Marrocco |first=Steven |archive-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103205408/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/08/vitor-belfort-replaces-lyoto-machida-against-champ-jon-jones-at-ufc-152 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jones was a huge favorite coming into the bout.<ref>{{cite web |author=Stupp, Dann |url=http://mmajunkie.com/news/30361/the-oddessa-line-champ-jones-opens-as-13-to-1-favorite-over-belfort-at-ufc-152.mma |title=The Oddessa Line: Champ Jones opens as 13-to-1 favorite over Belfort at UFC 152 |publisher=MMAjunkie.com |date=2012-08-24 |accessdate=2012-08-24 |archive-date=2012-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827022540/http://mmajunkie.com/news/30361/the-oddessa-line-champ-jones-opens-as-13-to-1-favorite-over-belfort-at-ufc-152.mma |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was later reported that Belfort fought Jones with a broken hand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mmamania.com/2012/9/23/3375776/ufc-152-results-vitor-belfort-reportedly-fought-jon-jones-with-a-broken-hand-mma |title=UFC 152 results: Vitor Belfort reportedly fought Jon Jones with a broken hand |publisher=MMAmania.com |date=2012-09-23 |accessdate=2012-09-30 |last=Mrosko |first=Geno}}</ref> {{-}} ==Results== {{MMAevent}} {{MMAevent card|Main Card on Pay-Per-View}} {{MMAevent bout |Light Heavyweight |[[Jon Jones (fighter)|Jon Jones]] (c) |def. |[[Vitor Belfort]] |Submission (americana) |4 |0:54 |For the [[UFC Light Heavyweight Championship]]. }} {{MMAevent bout |Flyweight |[[Demetrious Johnson (fighter)|Demetrious Johnson]] |def. |[[Joseph Benavidez]] |Decision (split) (48–47, 47–48, 49–46) |5 |5:00 |[[List of UFC champions#Tournament Champions|Flyweight Tournament Final]] to determine the inaugural [[UFC Flyweight Championship|UFC Flyweight Champion]]. }} {{MMAevent bout |Middleweight |[[Michael Bisping]] |def. |[[Brian Stann]] |Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) |3 |5:00 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Light Heavyweight |[[Matt Hamill]] |def. |[[Roger Hollett]] |Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 30–27, 30–27) |3 |5:00 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Catchweight (146.2&nbsp;lbs.) |[[Cub Swanson]] |def. |[[Charles Oliveira]] |KO (punch) |1 |2:40 |Oliveira failed to make weight. Both fought at catchweight of 146.2 lbs. }} {{MMAevent card|Preliminary Card on FX and Sportsnet|header=no}} {{MMAevent bout |Light Heavyweight |[[Vinny Magalhães]] |def. |[[Igor Pokrajac]] |Submission (armbar) |2 |1:14 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Lightweight |[[TJ Grant]] |def. |[[Evan Dunham]] |Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 30–27, 29–28) |3 |5:00 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Welterweight |[[Sean Pierson]] |def. |[[Lance Benoist]] |Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) |3 |5:00 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Featherweight |[[Marcus Brimage]] |def. |[[Jimy Hettes]] |Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) |3 |5:00 | }} {{MMAevent card|Preliminary Card on Facebook|header=no}} {{MMAevent bout |Welterweight |[[Seth Baczynski]] |def. |[[Simeon Thoresen]] |KO (punch) |1 |4:10 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Bantamweight |[[Mitch Gagnon]] |def. |[[Walel Watson]] |Submission (rear naked choke) |1 |1:09 | }} {{MMAevent bout |Welterweight |[[Kyle Noke]] |def. |[[Charlie Brenneman]] |TKO (punches) |1 |0:45 | }} {{MMAevent end|notes=yes}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/news/UFC-152-Results-Jones-vs-Belfort-PlaybyPlay-Updates-45831 |title=UFC 152 Results: ‘Jones vs. Belfort’ Play-by-Play & Updates |publisher=Sherdog |date=2012-09-22 |accessdate=2012-09-23}}</ref><br> ==Flyweight Championship bracket== {{4TeamBracket | RD1=Semifinals<br/>[[UFC on FX 2]] / [[2012 in UFC#UFC on FX: Johnson vs. McCall|UFC on FX 3]]| RD2=Finals<br/>UFC 152 | RD1-seed1= | RD1-seed2= | RD1-team1='''Joseph Benavidez''' | RD1-team2=Yasuhiro Urushitani | RD1-score1=TKO | RD1-score2=2 | RD1-seed3= | RD1-seed4= | RD1-team3='''Demetrious Johnson'''¹ | RD1-team4=Ian McCall | RD1-score3=UD | RD1-score4=3 | RD2-seed1= | RD2-seed2= | RD2-team1='''Demetrious Johnson''' | RD2-team2=Joseph Benavidez | RD2-score1=SD | RD2-score2=5 }} ¹ The initial semifinal bout between Johnson and McCall at ''UFC on FX 2'' ended in a draw. Johnson defeated McCall in a rematch at ''UFC on FX 3''.{{clear}} <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sherdog.com/news/articles/The-Bracket-UFC-125Pound-Tournament-45851 |title=The Bracket: UFC 125-Pound Tournament |publisher=Sherdog |date=2012-09-22 |accessdate=2012-09-23 |last=Fridley |first=Mike}}</ref> ==Bonus awards== Fighters were awarded $65,000 bonuses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/09/ufc-152-bonuses|title=UFC 152 bonuses: Swanson, Jones, Grant and Dunham each earn $65K awards|date=September 23, 2012|publisher=MMAjunkie.com|access-date=May 23, 2013|archive-date=January 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123115052/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2012/09/ufc-152-bonuses|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Fight of the Night:'' TJ Grant vs. Evan Dunham *''Knockout of the Night:'' Cub Swanson *''Submission of the Night:'' Jon Jones ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *[http://www.ufc.com/event/Past_Events Official UFC past events page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916064655/http://www.ufc.com/event/Past_Events |date=2016-09-16 }} *[http://www.sherdog.com/organizations/Ultimate-Fighting-Championship-2 UFC events results at Sherdog.com] {{UFC Events}} [[Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship events]] [[Category:September 2012 events]] [[Category:2012 in sports]] [[Category:2010s in Toronto]] <!-- [[Category:2012 in mixed martial arts]] --> lx432nny1uwmh0m6xn313xiaayksevb 0 401623 10882328 10874062 2026-06-09T14:15:25Z ~2026-34022-57 1819094 10882328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Maureen Duffy | image = Maureen duffy.jpg | image_size = 220px | caption = | birth_name = Maureen Patricia Duffy | birth_date = {{Birth date|1933|10|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Worthing]], Sussex, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|5|27|1933|10|21|df=yes}} | death_place = | education = [[King's College London]] | occupation = Novelist, poet, playwright, nonfiction author, activist | partner = <!--partner parameter is for UNMARRIED LIFE PARTNERS not boyfriend/girlfriends--> | awards = [[Royal Society of Literature|RSL]] Pioneer Prize | website = {{url| https://www.alcs.co.uk/about-alcs/history/}} }}'''Maureen Patricia Duffy''' (21 October 1933 &ndash; 27 May 2026) was a British poet, novelist, and writer of plays. ==Early life and education == {{Unreferenced section|date=July 2025}} Duffy was born in [[Worthing]], [[Sussex]], England. She graduated from [[King's College London]]. Her degree was in English. She became a schoolteacher in 1956. She left that work in 1961. == Works == In 1961, she became a full-time poet and writer of plays. Her first novel was ''That's How It Was''. It was published in 1962. It was praised by critics. She had published around thirty books. Her ''Collected Poems, 1949–84'' appeared in 1985. Her work often used Freudian ideas and [[Greek mythology|Greek myth]] as a framework. She was active in supporting the rights of homosexuals.<ref>See the television programme [http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/gay_rights/12008.shtml "''Late Night Lineup'' - "Man Alive"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917092747/http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/gay_rights/12008.shtml |date=2013-09-17 }}, 14 June 1967, BBC Archive website.</ref> In 1977 she published "The Ballad of the Blasphemy Trial", a broadside against the trial of the ''[[Gay News]]'' [[newspaper]] for "blasphemous libel." She also was active in many groups representing the interest of writers. At one time, she was the President of the ''European Writers' Congress'' (renamed [[European Writers Council]] in 2008). She was elected a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Literature]] in 1985<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows|title = Royal Society of Literature All Fellows|publisher = Royal Society of Literature|accessdate = 10 August 2010|archive-date = 5 March 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100305070326/http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows|url-status = dead}}</ref> and awarded their [[Benson Medal]] in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/browse/d/14761/Maureen%20Patricia+DUFFY.aspx|title = Ms. Maureen Duffy|publisher=Debretts|accessdate = 10 August 2010}}</ref> She was also interested in [[intellectual property]] law. ==Death== Duffy died on 27 May 2026, at the age of 92.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tribute to Maureen Duffy, ALCS founder and Honorary President |url=https://www.alcs.co.uk/news/a-tribute-to-maureen-duffy/ |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=ALCS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Creamer|first=Ella|date=2026-05-28|title=‘True trailblazer’: British author and activist Maureen Duffy dies aged 92|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2026/may/28/maureen-duffy-true-trailblazer-british-author-activist-dies-aged-92|access-date=2026-05-29|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== * Yorke, L. (1999). "British lesbian poetics: a brief exploration". ''Feminist Review''; (62) Summer 1999, pp.&nbsp;78–90. ==Other websites== * [http://www.maureenduffy.co.uk/ Official website] * [http://www.glbtq.com/literature/duffy_m.html Maureen Duffy on the GLBTQ Encyclopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530021527/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/duffy_m.html |date=2013-05-30 }} * [http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/authors/Maureen_Duffy.htm A Duffy bibliography] {{DEFAULTSORT:Duffy, Maureen}} [[Category:1933 births]] [[Category:Humanists]] [[Category:English playwrights]] [[Category:English novelists]] [[Category:English poets]] [[Category:English screenwriters]] [[Category:British LGBT rights activists]] [[Category:2026 deaths]] [[Category:Writers from Sussex]] jci1sigvrj8y3i27s7iak09hvapbueq 0 403149 10883016 9743167 2026-06-10T09:25:25Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10883016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hurricane Edouard''' was the strongest [[tropical cyclone|hurricane]] in 1996. Its winds reached 145 miles an hour. Edouard was at major hurricane status for around eight days. The storm was originally forecast to slam the [[Northeastern United States]]. It was much less severe there. Edouard generated strong waves that killed two people on the coastal [[shore]] of [[New Jersey]]. The southeast coast of [[Massachusetts]] received minor hurricane force winds that caused minimal damage on Nantucket Island. The name Edouard was not retired due to lack of serious damage. The name was used again in the [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002]], [[2008 Atlantic hurricane season|2008]] and [[2014 Atlantic hurricane season]]s, and will be again during 2020. {{DEFAULTSORT:Edouard}} [[Category:Hurricanes in the United States]] [[Category:1996 in the United States]] [[Category:1996 in weather]] [[Category:1990s in New Jersey]] [[Category:1990s in Massachusetts]] fuaca7333pjlnzsjmtimxc23s2gvxv8 0 429679 10883004 10864954 2026-06-10T09:09:26Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Sami Zayn in May 2023 (cropped).png]] → [[File:Sami Zayn, April 2024 (cropped).jpg]] → Copyvio replacement by Commons Administrator: Any wrong year information or image descriptions may needs to be adjusted. Feel also free to choose a other image. ([[c:c:GR]]) 10883004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestler |name = Sami Zayn |image = Sami Zayn, April 2024 (cropped).jpg |caption = Zayn with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]] in 2023 |names = El Generico<ref name="ROH"/><br />Rami Sebei<ref name="slambio"/><br />'''Sami Zayn'''<ref name="WWE NXT" /><br />Stevie McFly<ref name="slambio">{{cite web|url=https://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios2/generico.html|title=Sami Zayn Bio|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canoe.com|Canadian Online Explorer]]|access-date=March 9, 2020}}</ref> |height = 6 ft 1in<ref name="WWE NXT">{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/sami-zayn|title=Sami Zayn|access-date=February 24, 2017|work=[[WWE]]}}</ref> |weight = 212 lb<ref name="WWE NXT"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1984|7|12}} |birth_place = [[Laval]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] |spouse = {{Marriage|Khadijah Sebei|2018}}<ref name="sp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/videos/sami-zayn-s-wife-on-the-most-important-match-of-his-life-elimination-chamber-2023-diary|title=Sami Zayn's wife on the most important match of his life - Elimination Chamber 2023 Diary|work=[[WWE]]|date=February 18, 2023}}</ref> |children = 1 |billed = '''[[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec, Canada]]'''<ref name="WWE NXT"/><br />[[Tijuana]], Mexico<ref name="ROH">{{cite web|url=https://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/roster/el-generico|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331175732/https://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/roster/el-generico|title=El Generico Profile|archive-date=March 31, 2012|access-date=September 30, 2011|work=[[Ring of Honor]]}}</ref> |trainer = [[Jerry Tuite]]<br />[[Savio Vega]] |debut = March 1, 2002<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1523&page=20 |title=Career - Sami Zayn |work=Cagematch |access-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420042124/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1523&page=20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} [[File:El Generico (Chikara's The Foggiest Notion).jpg|thumb|right|Rami Sebei as El Generico at Chikara's The Foggiest Notion in 2012|258x258px]] '''Rami Sebei''' (born July 12, 1984) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]. He is currently working for [[WWE]] where he competes on their [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] under the [[ring name]], '''Sami Zayn'''. He is a former one-time [[NXT Championship|NXT Champion]],<ref name="NXTChamp">{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_82237.shtml#.VIqdiTHF91Y|accessdate=2014-12-11|title=Caldwell's WWE NXT Takeover Results 12/11: Complete virtual-time coverage of Neville vs. Zayn for the NXT Title, Itami & Balor, Charlotte, Kevin Steen/Owens's debut, Corey Graves retires|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> a two-time [[WWE United States Championship|United States Champion]], a four-time [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Champion]] and a one-time Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champion ([[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown]] Tag Team Champion) with his real-life friend [[Kevin Owens]]. He is also known under the ring name '''El Generico''' which he used while wrestling on the [[independent circuit]]. His gimmick was that of a [[Lucha libre|luchador]] from [[Mexico]]. His theme song was "Olé!" by [[The Bouncing Souls]] and Olé! was also his catch phrase. He has also wrestled for [[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]] from 2004 to 2013, [[Chikara (professional wrestling)|Chikara]] from 2005 to 2012, [[Ring of Honor]] from 2005 to 2012, [[Dragon Gate]], [[Dramatic Dream Team]], and [[Dragon Gate USA]] and [[Evolve (professional wrestling)|Evolve]] in 2012. ==Personal life== Sebei is a [[Muslim]] and completed a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Mecca]] called Umrah during WWE's trip to [[Saudi Arabia]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=fd62Eq3cNyo|accessdate=August 31, 2023|title=Sami Zayn takes a pilgrimage to Mecca: WWE Night of Champions Vlog|publisher=WWE}}</ref> He is of Syrian descent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/sports/2016/04/15/Canadian-Syrian-WWE-star-Sami-Zayn-proud-to-represent-Arabs-.html|title=Canadian-Syrian WWE star Sami Zayn 'proud to represent Arabs'|date=April 16, 2016|work=Al Arabya|access-date=March 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pwinsider.com/article/117141/vince-thanks-saudi-arabia-backstage-notes-and-more-from-greatest-royal-rumble.html?p=1|title=Vince Thanks Saudi Arabia, Backstage Notes and More from Greatest Royal Rumble|website=PWInsider|date=April 28, 2018|access-date=April 29, 2018}}</ref> Because of this he did not wrestle at WWE premium live events in Saudi Arabia until [[Night of Champions (2023)|Night of Champions]] on May 27, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Mike |last2=Jordan |first2=Paul |date=April 27, 2018 |title=VINCE THANKS SAUDI ARABIA, BACKSTAGE NOTES AND MORE FROM GREATEST ROYAL RUMBLE |url=https://pwinsider.com/article/117141/vince-thanks-saudi-arabia-backstage-notes-and-more-from-greatest-royal-rumble.html |work=[[PW Insider]] |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref> Sebei is married and has a son.<ref>{{cite podcast|url=https://audioboom.com/posts/7343550-ep-140-let-s-get-loud-w-sami-zayn|title=EP 140 Let's Get Loud (w/ Sami Zayn)|website=Regular Girls|publisher=Audio Boom|host=[[Renee Young]], Stacey McGunnigle|date=August 16, 2019|access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2020/09/26/9-26-wwe-talking-smack-review-styles-and-joseph-parks-lucha-house-party-and-bayley-talk-clash-of-champions-with-hosts-xavier-and-braxton/|title=9/26 WWE TALKING SMACK REVIEW: Styles and Joseph Parks, Lucha House Party, and Bayley talk Clash of Champions with hosts Xavier and Braxton|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|first=Nick|last=Morgan|date=September 26, 2020|access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref> He is a [[vegan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/10/13/wwe-sami-zayn-great-british-bake-off-predictions-celebrity-spin-off-13417063/|title=WWE's Sami Zayn gives Great British Bake Off predictions and eyes up celebrity spin-off |first=Alistair |last=McGeorge |date=October 13, 2020 |publisher= Metro |access-date=October 15, 2020}}</ref> and is fluent in English, [[Arabic language|Arabic]], and [[French language|French]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgett |first1=Joe |title=WWE News: Big News Regarding NXT Star Sami Zayn And A Main Roster Debut |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/1558093/wwe-news-big-news-regarding-nxt-star-sami-zayn-and-a-main-roster-debut |access-date=December 9, 2023 |work=The Inquisitr |date=October 23, 2014 |language=en |archive-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025193057/https://www.inquisitr.com/1558093/wwe-news-big-news-regarding-nxt-star-sami-zayn-and-a-main-roster-debut |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sebei is close friends with [[Kevin Owens|Kevin Steen]], better known in WWE as Kevin Owens, who he has teamed up and feuded with in his career.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madison |first1=Marc |date=January 15, 2023 |title=Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn: A Tale of Brotherhood |url=https://prowrestlingstories.com/pro-wrestling-stories/kevin-owens-sami-zayn/ |work=Pro Wrestling Stories |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref> In July 2017, Sebei created ''Sami for Syria'' to support the Syrian American Medical Society.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greene |first1=Dan |date=September 9, 2017 |title=Q&A: Sami Zayn discusses his fundraiser for Syria |url=https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2017/09/09/sami-zayn-syria-fundraiser |work=[[Sports Illustrated]] |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McClead |first1=Michael |date=April 15, 2018 |title=Sami Zayn Asks Fans For Help With War Ravaged Syria |url=https://www.wrestlezone.com/news/943497-sami-zayn-asks-fans-help-war-ravaged-syria |work=Wrestlezone |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref> == Championships and accomplishments == [[File:Sami Zayn 2023.jpg|thumb|Sami Zayn as [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team Champion]], both titles were joined as the [[Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship]]]] * '''Association de Lutte Féminine''' ** Sensational Sherri Memorial Cup Tournament (2007) – with LuFisto<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3449|title=Sensational Sherri Memorial Cup Tournament (2007)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=October 12, 2007|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201172353/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3449|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[The Baltimore Sun]]''''' ** WWE Match of the Year (2016) {{small|vs. [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] at [[NXT TakeOver: Dallas]]}}<ref name="Baltimore2016">{{cite web|last=Oster|first=Aaron|title=WWE 2016 end-of-year awards|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bal-wwe-2016-end-of-year-awards-20161231-story.html|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=December 31, 2016|access-date=September 26, 2020}}</ref> * '''Britannia Wrestling Promotions''' ** PWI:BWP World Catchweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1804|title=PWI:BWP World Catchweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=October 7, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=April 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428085521/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1804|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Chikara''' ** Rey de Voladores (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1921|title=Rey de Voladores (2011)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=April 17, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=September 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915224609/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=26&nr=1921|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''DDT Pro-Wrestling / Union Pro Wrestling''' ** DDT Extreme Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/ddt/ddt-ex.html|title=DDT Extreme Division Title|access-date=October 16, 2011|work=Puroresu Dojo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=741|title=DDT Extreme Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 19, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130071857/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=741|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** KO-D Openweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=739|title=KO-D Openweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 30, 2012|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=May 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516024932/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=739|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Best Foreigner Award (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ddtpro.com/report/ddt/article/1356015675/|title=<ヨシヒコ編集ジチョー主義>2012年DDTを各賞で振り返る|date=December 21, 2012|access-date=December 22, 2012|work=[[DDT Pro-Wrestling]]|language=ja|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130110185602/http://www.ddtpro.com/report/ddt/article/1356015675/|archive-date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> * '''Elite Wrestling Revolution''' ** Elite 8 Tournament (2004)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/results/other/2004-11.html|title=Independent Wrestling Results – November 2004|access-date=July 5, 2008|publisher=Online World of Wrestling}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3392|title=Elite 8 Tournament (2004)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=November 6, 2004|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203230407/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3392|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[ESPN]]''' ** Best storyline of the year (2022) – {{small|part of [[The Bloodline]]}}<ref name="ESPN2022">{{cite web|title=Pro Wrestling 2022 awards: The best male and female wrestler, feud, faction, promo and more|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/35329583/pro-wrestling-2022-awards-best-male-female-wrestler-feud-faction-promo-more|work=[[ESPN]]|date=December 28, 2022|access-date=December 31, 2022}}</ref> * '''GBG Wrestling''' ** GBG Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djungeltrumman.se/gbgwrestling/page/139|title=Event results|access-date=July 22, 2010|work=GBG Wrestling|archive-date=February 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213112907/http://www.djungeltrumman.se/gbgwrestling/page/139|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2920|title=GBG Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203323/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2920|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''International Wrestling Syndicate''' ** IWS World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)<ref name=IWSRoster>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwswrestling.com/roster.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008094246/http://www.iwswrestling.com/roster.html|title=International Wrestling Syndicate Roster|archive-date=October 8, 2011|access-date=November 30, 2009|publisher=[[International Wrestling Syndicate]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=411|title=IWS World Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=June 15, 2004|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604160201/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=411|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** IWS World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Twiggy<ref name=IWSRoster/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=413|title=IWS World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=April 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427201150/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=413|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''Monteregie Wrestling Federation''' **MWF Provincial Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3032|title=MWF Provincial Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 29, 2003|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212090527/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3032|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[New York Post]]''''' ** Storyline of the Year (2022) {{small|part of The Bloodline}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/12/27/the-posts-2022-pro-wrestling-awards/|title=The Post's 2022 pro wrestling awards|work=[[New York Post]]|first=Joseph|last=Staszewski|date=December 27, 2022|accessdate=December 30, 2022|archive-date=December 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229231432/https://nypost.com/2022/12/27/the-posts-2022-pro-wrestling-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''North Shore Pro Wrestling''' ** NSPW Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nspw-wrestling.com/html/championnats.html|title=Historique des titres NSPW|access-date=July 5, 2013|work=North Shore Pro Wrestling|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1389|title=NSPW Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 13, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=March 12, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312155743/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1389|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]]''' ** PWG World Championship (2 times)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/htpwg.html|access-date=July 27, 2008|last=Westcott|first=Brian|title=PWG – Pro Wrestling Guerrilla PWG Heavyweight Title History|publisher=Solie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=123|title=PWG World Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=February 24, 2007|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180308/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=123|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** PWG World Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Human Tornado (1), Quicksilver (1), [[Kevin Owens|Kevin Steen]] (2), and [[Paul London]] (1)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/ttpwg.html|title=Solie's Title Histories: PWG|website=www.solie.org|access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=124|title=PWG World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=August 6, 2005|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044230/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=124|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Battle of Los Angeles (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=2032|title=Battle of Los Angeles (2011)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=August 20, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ** Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (2010) – with Paul London<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1648|title=Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (2010)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 9, 2010|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202910/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1648|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Faction of the Year (2022) – {{small|[[The Bloodline (professional wrestling)|The Bloodline]]}} ** Feud of the Year (2023) {{small|vs. The Bloodline}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=none|year=2013 |journal=[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=32–33}}</ref> ** Ranked No. 22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]'' in 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2023.html|title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2023|access-date=January 22, 2024|work=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Prestige''' ** PWP Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|title="The Elitist" Brandon Brandon 'Espy' Espinosa cashed in Gauntlet for the Glory contract defeated El Generico to win PWP Championship August 14, 2011----- Mattoon, Illinois|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=221268297926845&set=a.172777809442561.48473.143234222396920&type=1|publisher=Pro Wrestling Prestige|access-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=El Generico the new Pro Wrestling Prestige Heavyweight Champion is challenged by Brandon Espinosa right after winning the championship.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcP8js5Zil4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/xcP8js5Zil4 |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live|publisher=Pro Wrestling Prestige|access-date=September 21, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * '''Puerto Rico Wrestling Association''' ** PRWA Caribbean Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://superluchas.com/el-generico-nuevo-campeon-del-caribe-de-la-prwa%E2%80%8F/|title=El Genérico Nuevo Campeón del Caribe de la PRWA|date=November 1, 2011|access-date=November 1, 2011|work=[[Súper Luchas]]|language=es}}</ref> * '''[[Ring of Honor]]''' ** ROH World Television Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1272|title=ROH World Television Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=June 26, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=March 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303091659/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1272|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** ROH World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Kevin Steen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/champions|title=Ring Of Honor Tag Team Championship|access-date=September 21, 2013|publisher=[[Ring of Honor]]|archive-date=September 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173812/http://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/champions|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=122|title=ROH World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 19, 2008|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180320/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=122|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Match of the Decade (2010s) {{small|vs. Kevin Steen at Final Battle 2012: Doomsday}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rohwrestling.com/news/match-decade-kevin-steen-vs-el-generico-ladder-war|title=Match of The Decade: Kevin Steen vs. El Generico Ladder War|access-date=August 7, 2021|work=[[Ring of Honor]]|date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> * '''''SoCal Uncensored''''' ** Match of the Year (2006) <small>vs. [[Pac (wrestler)|PAC]], November 18, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla</small><ref name=SoCal2006>{{cite web|url=http://www.socaluncensored.com/titles/awards/scu06.htm|title=SoCal UNCENSORED Awards 2006|work=SoCal Uncensored|access-date=April 9, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901004642/http://www.socaluncensored.com/titles/awards/scu06.htm|archive-date=September 1, 2010}}</ref> ** Match of the Year (2007) <small>vs. [[Bryan Danielson]], July 29, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cagematch.de/?id=97&nr=84#2007|title=SoCal-Match des Jahres|work=Cagematch|access-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref> ** Most Outstanding Wrestler (2006, 2007)<ref name=SoCal2006/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cagematch.de/?id=97&nr=3#2007|title=Most Outstanding Wrestler|work=Cagematch|access-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref> ** Tag Team of the Year (2006) <small>with Quicksilver</small><ref name=SoCal2006/> ** Wrestler of the Year (2007)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cagematch.de/?id=97&nr=6#2007|title=SoCal-Wrestler des Jahres|work=Cagematch|access-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref> * '''STHLM Wrestling''' ** STHLM Wrestling Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sthlmw.blogspot.com/|title=El Generico new STHLM W Champion!|work=STHLM Wrestling|access-date=September 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2268|title=STHLM Wrestling Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 2, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=October 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004110620/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2268|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Westside Xtreme Wrestling''' ** wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wxw-wrestling.com/index2.php?content=backstage|title=Title history|work=[[Westside Xtreme Wrestling]]|access-date=May 19, 2012|language=de|archive-date=February 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209173543/http://www.wxw-wrestling.com/index2.php?content=backstage|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1342|title=wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 19, 2012|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612142020/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1342|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** 16 Carat Gold Tournament (2012)<ref name=wXw16Carat2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/more/more-top-stories/118-daily-updates/24555-sun-update-furnas-funeral-zuffa-embarrassed-by-nazi-rapist-smackdown-change-raw-ticket-sales|title=Sun update: Furnas funeral, Zuffa embarrassed by Nazi rapist, Smackdown change, Raw ticket sales|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=March 4, 2012|work=[[Dave Meltzer#Wrestling Observer Newsletter|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|access-date=March 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=2201|title=16 Carat Gold Tournament (2012)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 4, 2012|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200949/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=2201|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]''''' ** Feud of the Year (2010) {{small|vs. Kevin Steen}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=January 26, 2011|title=Biggest issue of the year: The 2011 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards Issue|periodical=[[Dave Meltzer#Wrestling Observer Newsletter|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|location=Campbell, CA|pages=1–40|issn=1083-9593}}</ref><ref name="Laparde">{{cite web|last=Laparde|first=Patric|title=El Generico bound for NXT|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2013/01/30/pf-20538121.html|work=SLAM! Wrestling|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140520035424/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2013/01/30/pf-20538121.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> **Shad Gaspard/Jon Huber Memorial Award (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/march-15-2021-observer-newsletter-aew-revolution-wrestlemania-37-ticket-details-335631|title=MARCH 15, 2021 OBSERVER NEWSLETTER: AEW REVOLUTION, WRESTLEMANIA 37 TICKET DETAILS|work=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|author=[[Dave Meltzer|Meltzer, Dave]]|date=March 12, 2021|access-date=March 12, 2021}}</ref> **Best Gimmick (2022)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=February 2023 Wrestling Observer Newsletter: Results of the 2022 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|date=February 2023|journal=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> * '''[[WWE]]''' **[[NXT Championship]] ([[NXT Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-championship|title=NXT Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1789|title=NXT Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=December 11, 2014|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105234130/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1789|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] ([[List of WWE Intercontinental Champions|4 times]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/intercontinental-championship|title=WWE Intercontinental Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=16|title=WWE Intercontinental Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 8, 2020|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214212908/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE United States Championship]] ([[List of WWE United States Champions|2 times]])<ref>{{cite web |title=WWE United States Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/united-states-championship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830123747/https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/united-states-championship |archive-date=August 30, 2025 |access-date=August 29, 2025 |publisher=[[WWE]] |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ** [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]] ([[List of WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length|1 time]]) – with [[Kevin Owens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/raw-tag-team-championship|title=WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|publisher=[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)]]}}</ref> ** [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]] ([[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship#Reigns|1 time]]) – with Kevin Owens<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/smackdown-tag-team-championship|title=WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|publisher=[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)]]}}</ref> ** Slammy Award (1 time) *** NXT Superstar of the Year (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-news/52052-early-2014-wwe-slammy-award-winners-announced|title=Early 2014 WWE Slammy Award winners announced|date=December 8, 2014|last=Martin|first=Adam|access-date=December 9, 2014|publisher=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/whatsaslammy|title=What is a Slammy?|publisher=[[WWE]]|date=February 23, 2008|access-date=April 17, 2016}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{WWE superstar|samizayn|Sami Zayn}} {{WWE personnel}} {{multistub|sports-bio|Canada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zayn, Sami}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian Muslims]] [[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quebec]] [[Category:WWE wrestlers]] oxbissvuolwhjgqqec962sidj7zcsx9 10883007 10883004 2026-06-10T09:11:38Z Ziv 888555 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Sami Zayn 2023.jpg]] → [[File:Sami Zayn, April 2024 (cropped).jpg]] → Copyvio replacement by Commons Administrator: Any wrong year information or image descriptions may needs to be adjusted. Feel also free to choose a other image. ([[c:c:GR]]) 10883007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestler |name = Sami Zayn |image = Sami Zayn, April 2024 (cropped).jpg |caption = Zayn with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]] in 2023 |names = El Generico<ref name="ROH"/><br />Rami Sebei<ref name="slambio"/><br />'''Sami Zayn'''<ref name="WWE NXT" /><br />Stevie McFly<ref name="slambio">{{cite web|url=https://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios2/generico.html|title=Sami Zayn Bio|work=Slam! Sports|publisher=[[Canoe.com|Canadian Online Explorer]]|access-date=March 9, 2020}}</ref> |height = 6 ft 1in<ref name="WWE NXT">{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/sami-zayn|title=Sami Zayn|access-date=February 24, 2017|work=[[WWE]]}}</ref> |weight = 212 lb<ref name="WWE NXT"/> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1984|7|12}} |birth_place = [[Laval]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] |spouse = {{Marriage|Khadijah Sebei|2018}}<ref name="sp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/videos/sami-zayn-s-wife-on-the-most-important-match-of-his-life-elimination-chamber-2023-diary|title=Sami Zayn's wife on the most important match of his life - Elimination Chamber 2023 Diary|work=[[WWE]]|date=February 18, 2023}}</ref> |children = 1 |billed = '''[[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec, Canada]]'''<ref name="WWE NXT"/><br />[[Tijuana]], Mexico<ref name="ROH">{{cite web|url=https://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/roster/el-generico|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331175732/https://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/roster/el-generico|title=El Generico Profile|archive-date=March 31, 2012|access-date=September 30, 2011|work=[[Ring of Honor]]}}</ref> |trainer = [[Jerry Tuite]]<br />[[Savio Vega]] |debut = March 1, 2002<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1523&page=20 |title=Career - Sami Zayn |work=Cagematch |access-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420042124/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1523&page=20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} [[File:El Generico (Chikara's The Foggiest Notion).jpg|thumb|right|Rami Sebei as El Generico at Chikara's The Foggiest Notion in 2012|258x258px]] '''Rami Sebei''' (born July 12, 1984) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]. He is currently working for [[WWE]] where he competes on their [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] under the [[ring name]], '''Sami Zayn'''. He is a former one-time [[NXT Championship|NXT Champion]],<ref name="NXTChamp">{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwenxtreport/article_82237.shtml#.VIqdiTHF91Y|accessdate=2014-12-11|title=Caldwell's WWE NXT Takeover Results 12/11: Complete virtual-time coverage of Neville vs. Zayn for the NXT Title, Itami & Balor, Charlotte, Kevin Steen/Owens's debut, Corey Graves retires|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> a two-time [[WWE United States Championship|United States Champion]], a four-time [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Champion]] and a one-time Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champion ([[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown]] Tag Team Champion) with his real-life friend [[Kevin Owens]]. He is also known under the ring name '''El Generico''' which he used while wrestling on the [[independent circuit]]. His gimmick was that of a [[Lucha libre|luchador]] from [[Mexico]]. His theme song was "Olé!" by [[The Bouncing Souls]] and Olé! was also his catch phrase. He has also wrestled for [[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]] from 2004 to 2013, [[Chikara (professional wrestling)|Chikara]] from 2005 to 2012, [[Ring of Honor]] from 2005 to 2012, [[Dragon Gate]], [[Dramatic Dream Team]], and [[Dragon Gate USA]] and [[Evolve (professional wrestling)|Evolve]] in 2012. ==Personal life== Sebei is a [[Muslim]] and completed a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Mecca]] called Umrah during WWE's trip to [[Saudi Arabia]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=fd62Eq3cNyo|accessdate=August 31, 2023|title=Sami Zayn takes a pilgrimage to Mecca: WWE Night of Champions Vlog|publisher=WWE}}</ref> He is of Syrian descent.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/sports/2016/04/15/Canadian-Syrian-WWE-star-Sami-Zayn-proud-to-represent-Arabs-.html|title=Canadian-Syrian WWE star Sami Zayn 'proud to represent Arabs'|date=April 16, 2016|work=Al Arabya|access-date=March 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pwinsider.com/article/117141/vince-thanks-saudi-arabia-backstage-notes-and-more-from-greatest-royal-rumble.html?p=1|title=Vince Thanks Saudi Arabia, Backstage Notes and More from Greatest Royal Rumble|website=PWInsider|date=April 28, 2018|access-date=April 29, 2018}}</ref> Because of this he did not wrestle at WWE premium live events in Saudi Arabia until [[Night of Champions (2023)|Night of Champions]] on May 27, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Mike |last2=Jordan |first2=Paul |date=April 27, 2018 |title=VINCE THANKS SAUDI ARABIA, BACKSTAGE NOTES AND MORE FROM GREATEST ROYAL RUMBLE |url=https://pwinsider.com/article/117141/vince-thanks-saudi-arabia-backstage-notes-and-more-from-greatest-royal-rumble.html |work=[[PW Insider]] |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref> Sebei is married and has a son.<ref>{{cite podcast|url=https://audioboom.com/posts/7343550-ep-140-let-s-get-loud-w-sami-zayn|title=EP 140 Let's Get Loud (w/ Sami Zayn)|website=Regular Girls|publisher=Audio Boom|host=[[Renee Young]], Stacey McGunnigle|date=August 16, 2019|access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2020/09/26/9-26-wwe-talking-smack-review-styles-and-joseph-parks-lucha-house-party-and-bayley-talk-clash-of-champions-with-hosts-xavier-and-braxton/|title=9/26 WWE TALKING SMACK REVIEW: Styles and Joseph Parks, Lucha House Party, and Bayley talk Clash of Champions with hosts Xavier and Braxton|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|first=Nick|last=Morgan|date=September 26, 2020|access-date=September 29, 2020}}</ref> He is a [[vegan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/10/13/wwe-sami-zayn-great-british-bake-off-predictions-celebrity-spin-off-13417063/|title=WWE's Sami Zayn gives Great British Bake Off predictions and eyes up celebrity spin-off |first=Alistair |last=McGeorge |date=October 13, 2020 |publisher= Metro |access-date=October 15, 2020}}</ref> and is fluent in English, [[Arabic language|Arabic]], and [[French language|French]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgett |first1=Joe |title=WWE News: Big News Regarding NXT Star Sami Zayn And A Main Roster Debut |url=https://www.inquisitr.com/1558093/wwe-news-big-news-regarding-nxt-star-sami-zayn-and-a-main-roster-debut |access-date=December 9, 2023 |work=The Inquisitr |date=October 23, 2014 |language=en |archive-date=October 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025193057/https://www.inquisitr.com/1558093/wwe-news-big-news-regarding-nxt-star-sami-zayn-and-a-main-roster-debut |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sebei is close friends with [[Kevin Owens|Kevin Steen]], better known in WWE as Kevin Owens, who he has teamed up and feuded with in his career.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Madison |first1=Marc |date=January 15, 2023 |title=Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn: A Tale of Brotherhood |url=https://prowrestlingstories.com/pro-wrestling-stories/kevin-owens-sami-zayn/ |work=Pro Wrestling Stories |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref> In July 2017, Sebei created ''Sami for Syria'' to support the Syrian American Medical Society.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greene |first1=Dan |date=September 9, 2017 |title=Q&A: Sami Zayn discusses his fundraiser for Syria |url=https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2017/09/09/sami-zayn-syria-fundraiser |work=[[Sports Illustrated]] |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=McClead |first1=Michael |date=April 15, 2018 |title=Sami Zayn Asks Fans For Help With War Ravaged Syria |url=https://www.wrestlezone.com/news/943497-sami-zayn-asks-fans-help-war-ravaged-syria |work=Wrestlezone |access-date=December 9, 2023}}</ref> == Championships and accomplishments == [[File:Sami Zayn, April 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sami Zayn as [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team Champion]], both titles were joined as the [[Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship]]]] * '''Association de Lutte Féminine''' ** Sensational Sherri Memorial Cup Tournament (2007) – with LuFisto<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3449|title=Sensational Sherri Memorial Cup Tournament (2007)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=October 12, 2007|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201172353/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3449|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[The Baltimore Sun]]''''' ** WWE Match of the Year (2016) {{small|vs. [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] at [[NXT TakeOver: Dallas]]}}<ref name="Baltimore2016">{{cite web|last=Oster|first=Aaron|title=WWE 2016 end-of-year awards|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bal-wwe-2016-end-of-year-awards-20161231-story.html|work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]|date=December 31, 2016|access-date=September 26, 2020}}</ref> * '''Britannia Wrestling Promotions''' ** PWI:BWP World Catchweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1804|title=PWI:BWP World Catchweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=October 7, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=April 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428085521/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1804|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Chikara''' ** Rey de Voladores (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1921|title=Rey de Voladores (2011)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=April 17, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=September 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915224609/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=26&nr=1921|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''DDT Pro-Wrestling / Union Pro Wrestling''' ** DDT Extreme Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/japan/ddt/ddt-ex.html|title=DDT Extreme Division Title|access-date=October 16, 2011|work=Puroresu Dojo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=741|title=DDT Extreme Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 19, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=November 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130071857/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=741|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** KO-D Openweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=739|title=KO-D Openweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 30, 2012|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=May 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516024932/https://www.cagematch.net//?id=5&nr=739|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Best Foreigner Award (2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ddtpro.com/report/ddt/article/1356015675/|title=<ヨシヒコ編集ジチョー主義>2012年DDTを各賞で振り返る|date=December 21, 2012|access-date=December 22, 2012|work=[[DDT Pro-Wrestling]]|language=ja|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130110185602/http://www.ddtpro.com/report/ddt/article/1356015675/|archive-date=January 10, 2013}}</ref> * '''Elite Wrestling Revolution''' ** Elite 8 Tournament (2004)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/results/other/2004-11.html|title=Independent Wrestling Results – November 2004|access-date=July 5, 2008|publisher=Online World of Wrestling}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3392|title=Elite 8 Tournament (2004)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=November 6, 2004|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203230407/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=3392|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[ESPN]]''' ** Best storyline of the year (2022) – {{small|part of [[The Bloodline]]}}<ref name="ESPN2022">{{cite web|title=Pro Wrestling 2022 awards: The best male and female wrestler, feud, faction, promo and more|url=https://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/35329583/pro-wrestling-2022-awards-best-male-female-wrestler-feud-faction-promo-more|work=[[ESPN]]|date=December 28, 2022|access-date=December 31, 2022}}</ref> * '''GBG Wrestling''' ** GBG Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djungeltrumman.se/gbgwrestling/page/139|title=Event results|access-date=July 22, 2010|work=GBG Wrestling|archive-date=February 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213112907/http://www.djungeltrumman.se/gbgwrestling/page/139|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2920|title=GBG Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203323/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2920|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''International Wrestling Syndicate''' ** IWS World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)<ref name=IWSRoster>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwswrestling.com/roster.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008094246/http://www.iwswrestling.com/roster.html|title=International Wrestling Syndicate Roster|archive-date=October 8, 2011|access-date=November 30, 2009|publisher=[[International Wrestling Syndicate]]|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=411|title=IWS World Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=June 15, 2004|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604160201/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=411|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** IWS World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Twiggy<ref name=IWSRoster/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=413|title=IWS World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=April 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427201150/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=413|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''Monteregie Wrestling Federation''' **MWF Provincial Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3032|title=MWF Provincial Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 29, 2003|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212090527/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3032|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[New York Post]]''''' ** Storyline of the Year (2022) {{small|part of The Bloodline}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2022/12/27/the-posts-2022-pro-wrestling-awards/|title=The Post's 2022 pro wrestling awards|work=[[New York Post]]|first=Joseph|last=Staszewski|date=December 27, 2022|accessdate=December 30, 2022|archive-date=December 29, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229231432/https://nypost.com/2022/12/27/the-posts-2022-pro-wrestling-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''North Shore Pro Wrestling''' ** NSPW Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nspw-wrestling.com/html/championnats.html|title=Historique des titres NSPW|access-date=July 5, 2013|work=North Shore Pro Wrestling|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1389|title=NSPW Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 13, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=March 12, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312155743/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1389|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]]''' ** PWG World Championship (2 times)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/htpwg.html|access-date=July 27, 2008|last=Westcott|first=Brian|title=PWG – Pro Wrestling Guerrilla PWG Heavyweight Title History|publisher=Solie}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=123|title=PWG World Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=February 24, 2007|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180308/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=123|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** PWG World Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Human Tornado (1), Quicksilver (1), [[Kevin Owens|Kevin Steen]] (2), and [[Paul London]] (1)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solie.org/titlehistories/ttpwg.html|title=Solie's Title Histories: PWG|website=www.solie.org|access-date=March 2, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=124|title=PWG World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=August 6, 2005|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044230/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=124|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Battle of Los Angeles (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=2032|title=Battle of Los Angeles (2011)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=August 20, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ** Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (2010) – with Paul London<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1648|title=Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (2010)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 9, 2010|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202910/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1648|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Faction of the Year (2022) – {{small|[[The Bloodline (professional wrestling)|The Bloodline]]}} ** Feud of the Year (2023) {{small|vs. The Bloodline}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=none|year=2013 |journal=[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=32–33}}</ref> ** Ranked No. 22 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]'' in 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2023.html|title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2023|access-date=January 22, 2024|work=The Internet Wrestling Database}}</ref> * '''Pro Wrestling Prestige''' ** PWP Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|title="The Elitist" Brandon Brandon 'Espy' Espinosa cashed in Gauntlet for the Glory contract defeated El Generico to win PWP Championship August 14, 2011----- Mattoon, Illinois|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=221268297926845&set=a.172777809442561.48473.143234222396920&type=1|publisher=Pro Wrestling Prestige|access-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=El Generico the new Pro Wrestling Prestige Heavyweight Champion is challenged by Brandon Espinosa right after winning the championship.|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcP8js5Zil4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/xcP8js5Zil4 |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |url-status=live|publisher=Pro Wrestling Prestige|access-date=September 21, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * '''Puerto Rico Wrestling Association''' ** PRWA Caribbean Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://superluchas.com/el-generico-nuevo-campeon-del-caribe-de-la-prwa%E2%80%8F/|title=El Genérico Nuevo Campeón del Caribe de la PRWA|date=November 1, 2011|access-date=November 1, 2011|work=[[Súper Luchas]]|language=es}}</ref> * '''[[Ring of Honor]]''' ** ROH World Television Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1272|title=ROH World Television Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=June 26, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=March 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303091659/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1272|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** ROH World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Kevin Steen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/champions|title=Ring Of Honor Tag Team Championship|access-date=September 21, 2013|publisher=[[Ring of Honor]]|archive-date=September 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173812/http://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/champions|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=122|title=ROH World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 19, 2008|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180320/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=122|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Match of the Decade (2010s) {{small|vs. Kevin Steen at Final Battle 2012: Doomsday}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rohwrestling.com/news/match-decade-kevin-steen-vs-el-generico-ladder-war|title=Match of The Decade: Kevin Steen vs. El Generico Ladder War|access-date=August 7, 2021|work=[[Ring of Honor]]|date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> * '''''SoCal Uncensored''''' ** Match of the Year (2006) <small>vs. [[Pac (wrestler)|PAC]], November 18, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla</small><ref name=SoCal2006>{{cite web|url=http://www.socaluncensored.com/titles/awards/scu06.htm|title=SoCal UNCENSORED Awards 2006|work=SoCal Uncensored|access-date=April 9, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901004642/http://www.socaluncensored.com/titles/awards/scu06.htm|archive-date=September 1, 2010}}</ref> ** Match of the Year (2007) <small>vs. [[Bryan Danielson]], July 29, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cagematch.de/?id=97&nr=84#2007|title=SoCal-Match des Jahres|work=Cagematch|access-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref> ** Most Outstanding Wrestler (2006, 2007)<ref name=SoCal2006/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cagematch.de/?id=97&nr=3#2007|title=Most Outstanding Wrestler|work=Cagematch|access-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref> ** Tag Team of the Year (2006) <small>with Quicksilver</small><ref name=SoCal2006/> ** Wrestler of the Year (2007)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cagematch.de/?id=97&nr=6#2007|title=SoCal-Wrestler des Jahres|work=Cagematch|access-date=April 9, 2010}}</ref> * '''STHLM Wrestling''' ** STHLM Wrestling Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sthlmw.blogspot.com/|title=El Generico new STHLM W Champion!|work=STHLM Wrestling|access-date=September 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2268|title=STHLM Wrestling Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=September 2, 2011|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=October 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004110620/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=2268|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Westside Xtreme Wrestling''' ** wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wxw-wrestling.com/index2.php?content=backstage|title=Title history|work=[[Westside Xtreme Wrestling]]|access-date=May 19, 2012|language=de|archive-date=February 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209173543/http://www.wxw-wrestling.com/index2.php?content=backstage|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1342|title=wXw Unified World Wrestling Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=May 19, 2012|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612142020/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1342|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** 16 Carat Gold Tournament (2012)<ref name=wXw16Carat2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/more/more-top-stories/118-daily-updates/24555-sun-update-furnas-funeral-zuffa-embarrassed-by-nazi-rapist-smackdown-change-raw-ticket-sales|title=Sun update: Furnas funeral, Zuffa embarrassed by Nazi rapist, Smackdown change, Raw ticket sales|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=March 4, 2012|work=[[Dave Meltzer#Wrestling Observer Newsletter|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|access-date=March 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=2201|title=16 Carat Gold Tournament (2012)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 4, 2012|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200949/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=2201|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]''''' ** Feud of the Year (2010) {{small|vs. Kevin Steen}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=January 26, 2011|title=Biggest issue of the year: The 2011 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards Issue|periodical=[[Dave Meltzer#Wrestling Observer Newsletter|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|location=Campbell, CA|pages=1–40|issn=1083-9593}}</ref><ref name="Laparde">{{cite web|last=Laparde|first=Patric|title=El Generico bound for NXT|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2013/01/30/pf-20538121.html|work=SLAM! Wrestling|access-date=May 20, 2014|archive-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140520035424/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2013/01/30/pf-20538121.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> **Shad Gaspard/Jon Huber Memorial Award (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/march-15-2021-observer-newsletter-aew-revolution-wrestlemania-37-ticket-details-335631|title=MARCH 15, 2021 OBSERVER NEWSLETTER: AEW REVOLUTION, WRESTLEMANIA 37 TICKET DETAILS|work=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|author=[[Dave Meltzer|Meltzer, Dave]]|date=March 12, 2021|access-date=March 12, 2021}}</ref> **Best Gimmick (2022)<ref>{{Cite journal|title=February 2023 Wrestling Observer Newsletter: Results of the 2022 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|date=February 2023|journal=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref> * '''[[WWE]]''' **[[NXT Championship]] ([[NXT Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-championship|title=NXT Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1789|title=NXT Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=December 11, 2014|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=November 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105234130/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1789|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] ([[List of WWE Intercontinental Champions|4 times]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/intercontinental-championship|title=WWE Intercontinental Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=16|title=WWE Intercontinental Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch - The Internet Wrestling Database|date=March 8, 2020|access-date=November 25, 2020|archive-date=December 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214212908/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE United States Championship]] ([[List of WWE United States Champions|2 times]])<ref>{{cite web |title=WWE United States Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/united-states-championship |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830123747/https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/united-states-championship |archive-date=August 30, 2025 |access-date=August 29, 2025 |publisher=[[WWE]] |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ** [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]] ([[List of WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length|1 time]]) – with [[Kevin Owens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/raw-tag-team-championship|title=WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|publisher=[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)]]}}</ref> ** [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]] ([[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship#Reigns|1 time]]) – with Kevin Owens<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/smackdown-tag-team-championship|title=WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|publisher=[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)]]}}</ref> ** Slammy Award (1 time) *** NXT Superstar of the Year (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-news/52052-early-2014-wwe-slammy-award-winners-announced|title=Early 2014 WWE Slammy Award winners announced|date=December 8, 2014|last=Martin|first=Adam|access-date=December 9, 2014|publisher=WrestleView}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/whatsaslammy|title=What is a Slammy?|publisher=[[WWE]]|date=February 23, 2008|access-date=April 17, 2016}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{WWE superstar|samizayn|Sami Zayn}} {{WWE personnel}} {{multistub|sports-bio|Canada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zayn, Sami}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian Muslims]] [[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quebec]] [[Category:WWE wrestlers]] hwjuiorkt42pnlam50gr6n4gnjsochk 0 429893 10882660 10257887 2026-06-09T21:14:38Z ~2026-34205-43 1819316 10882660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Antonis Samaras | honorific-suffix = [[Member of Parliament|MP]] | image = Antonis Samaras October 2014.jpg | office = [[Prime Minister of Greece]] | president = [[Karolos Papoulias]] | term_start = 20 June 2012 | term_end = 26 January 2015 | deputy = [[Evangelos Venizelos]] | predecessor = [[Panagiotis Pikrammenos]] | successor = [[Alexis Tsipras]] | office1 = [[Leader of the Opposition (Greece)|Leader of the Opposition]] | primeminister1 = [[George Papandreou]] | term_start1 = 30 November 2009 | term_end1 = 20 June 2012 | predecessor1 = [[George Papandreou]] | successor1 = [[Alexis Tsipras]] | office2 = [[Party leader|Leader of]] [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]] | term_start2 = 30 November 2009 | term_end2 = 5 July 2015 | deputy2 = [[Dimitris Avramopoulos]] | predecessor2 = [[Konstantinos Karamanlis]] | successor2 = | office3 = [[Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Greece)|Minister of Culture and Sport]] | primeminister3 = [[Kostas Karamanlis]] | term_start3 = 8 January 2009 | term_end3 = 6 October 2009 | predecessor3 = [[Michalis Liapis]] | successor3 = [[Pavlos Geroulanos]] | office4 = [[Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | primeminister4 = [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]] | term_start4 = 11 April 1990 | term_end4 = 13 April 1992 | predecessor4 = [[Georgios Papoulias]] | successor4 = [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]] | primeminister5 = [[Xenophon Zolotas]] | term_start5 = 23 November 1989 | term_end5 = 16 February 1990 | predecessor5 = [[Georgios Papoulias]] | successor5 = [[Georgios Papoulias]] | office6 = [[Ministry of Finance (Greece)|Minister of Finance]] | primeminister6 = [[Tzannis Tzannetakis]] | term_start6 = 2 July 1989 | term_end6 = 12 October 1989 | predecessor6 = [[Dimitris Tsovolas]] | successor6 = [[Georgios Agapitos]] | constituency_MP7 = [[Messenia (Hellenic Parliament constituency)|Messenia]] | term_start7 = 16 September 2007 | term_end7 = | predecessor7 = | majority7 = 44,954 (41.6%) | constituency_MP8 = [[Messenia (Hellenic Parliament constituency)|Messenia]] | term_start8 = 1977 | term_end8 = 1996 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|5|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Athens]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | party = [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]] (1977-1992, 2004-2024)<br>[[Political Spring]] (1992-2004) | spouse = Georgia Kretikos | children = Lena<br>Costas | alma_mater = [[Amherst College]]<br>[[Harvard University]] | website = [http://www.antonis-samaras.gr/ Official website] | caption = Samaras in 2014 | native_name = {{No bold|{{Script/Greek|Αντώνης Σαμαράς}}}} }} '''Antonis Samaras''' ({{lang-el|Αντώνης Σαμαράς}}; born 23 May 1951) is a [[Greece|Greek]] [[politician]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_1_04/12/2009_113043|title=As good as it gets|date=4 December 2009|publisher=ekathimerini|access-date=8 December 2009}}</ref> He became [[Prime Minister]] of [[Greece]] and [[New Democracy (Greece)|Leader of New Democracy]]. He last served as the [[Minister of Finance]] in 1989, then [[Minister of Foreign Affairs]] from 1989 to 1990, and again from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web| title=Profile: Greek conservative leader Antonis Samaras | author=Patrick Jackson| publisher=BBC News| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18410765| date=20 June 2012}}</ref> His term as prime minister ended on 26 January 2015 when he was succeeded by [[Alexis Tsipras]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Samaras, Antonis}} [[Category:1951 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians]] [[Category:Foreign ministers of Greece]] [[Category:Politicians from Athens]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Greece]] sfrcqy7c766dl5uw8zi21r013jetk57 0 431042 10883048 10086030 2026-06-10T10:13:07Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10883048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | imagesize = 180px | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1918|04|22}} | birth_place = [[Winnfield, Louisiana]], [[United States|USA]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2015|8|18|1918|4|22}} | death_place = [[Lenox, Massachusetts]], USA | occupation = [[Poet]] | nationality = United States | alma_mater = [[Washington University in St. Louis]]<br />[[Columbia University]]<br />[[Oxford University]] | spouse = | subject = | period = | genre = | movement = | notableworks = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = }} '''William Jay Smith''' (22 April 1918 &ndash; 18 August 2015) was an [[Americans|American]] [[poet]]. He was the 19th [[Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress]] from 1968 to 1970.<ref>{{cite web | author= | title=Poet Laureate Timeline: 1961–1970 | url=https://www.loc.gov/poetry/laureate-1961-1970.html | publisher=Library of Congress | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-12-19}}</ref> William Jay Smith was born in [[Winnfield, Louisiana|Winnfield]], [[Louisiana]]. He was raised in [[Jackson Barracks, Missouri|Jackson Barracks]], [[Missouri]]. Smith studied at [[Washington University in St. Louis]]. He was of Choctaw tribal descent and penned poetry reflecting that heritage making him the first Native American to become the U.S. poet laureate.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mall|first=© Stanford University 450 Serra|last2=Stanford|last3=Complaints|first3=California 94305 723-2300 Terms of Use {{!}} Copyright|title=William Jay Smith was the first Native American poet laureate – and we’re still waiting for the Library of Congress to acknowledge it.|url=https://bookhaven.stanford.edu/2019/12|access-date=2025-02-18|website=The Book Haven|language=en}}</ref> Smith married [[Barbara Howes]] in 1947. They had two children. Howes and Smith divorced during the mid-1960s. As of 2008, he lived in two houses, one in [[Cummington, Massachusetts|Cummington]], [[Massachusetts]] and the other in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amherst.edu/aboutamherst/news/news_releases/2008/10/node/66657|title=William Jay Williams|publisher=Amherst.edu|accessdate=27 December 2013|archive-date=2 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902011649/https://www.amherst.edu/aboutamherst/news/news_releases/2008/10/node/66657|url-status=dead}}</ref> Smith died in [[Lenox, Massachusetts]] at the age of 97. == Related pages == *[[List of poets from North America]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cprw.com/Misc/wjsmith.htm "The CPR Interview: William Jay Smith", ''The Contemporary Poetry Review''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013235311/http://www.cprw.com/Misc/wjsmith.htm |date=2015-10-13 }} *[http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/manuscripts/smith_william.html The William Jay Smith Papers at Washington University in St. Louis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105111338/http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/manuscripts/smith_william.html |date=2013-01-05 }} *[https://www.loc.gov/bookfest/2004/smith.html "William Jay Smith", ''2004 National Book Festival''] {{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, William Jay}} [[Category:1918 births]] [[Category:2015 deaths]] [[Category:American poets]] [[Category:Writers from Louisiana]] [[Category:Writers from Missouri]] {{US-bio-stub}} 5xsxgnh0yxe6924dydac8u4dg4cue24 0 437404 10883077 10876374 2026-06-10T10:58:12Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Combined reigns */ 10883077 wikitext text/x-wiki This is the title history of the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]]. The title was introduced in 1979 when [[Pat Patterson]] was awarded the championship he won a fictional tournament in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. In total, there have been 93 distinct championship holders as of {{Currentmonth}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}. The wrestler with the most reigns as Intercontinental Champion is [[Chris Jericho]] with 9. The longest reigning Intercontinental Champion is [[Gunther]]. The current champion is [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]], who is in his first reign.<ref name=":02" /> == Title history == {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="0" data-sort-type="number" |No. ! width="14%" |Champion !Reign ! width="16%" |Date ! width="0" data-sort-type="number" |Days held ! width="14%" |Location ! width="17%" |Event ! width="51%" class="unsortable" |Notes ! width="0" class="unsortable" |Ref. |- !1 |[[Pat Patterson]] |1 |{{dts|1979|09|01}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=01|year1=1979|month2=04|day2=21|year2=1980}} |[[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] |— | align="left" |Patterson became the first champion as a result of defeating [[Ted DiBiase]] to win the [[WWF North American Heavyweight Championship]] on June 19, 1979 in [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown, PA]], and defeating Johnny Rodz in a fictional tournament final in [[Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]]. |<ref name="patterson12">{{cite web|title=Pat Patterson's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322358|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011020905/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322358|archive-date=2007-10-11|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref><ref name="IC12">{{cite web|title=WWE Intercontinental Championship history|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/|access-date=2008-12-26|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !2 |[[Ken Patera]] |1 |{{dts|1980|04|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=21|year1=1980|month2=12|day2=08|year2=1980}} | rowspan="2" |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |''WWF on MSG Network'' | |<ref name="patera12">{{cite web|title=Ken Patera's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322364|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429001252/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322364|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !3 |[[Pedro Morales]] |1 |{{dts|1980|12|08}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=08|year1=1980|month2=06|day2=20|year2=1981}} |WWF | align="left" |Became the first [[Triple Crown Championship|Triple Crown Champion]] as a result of this win. |<ref name="morales12">{{cite web|title=Pedro Morales' first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322372|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020115058/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322372|archive-date=2007-10-20|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !4 |[[Don Muraco]] |1 |{{dts|1981|06|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=20|year1=1981|month2=11|day2=23|year2=1981}} |[[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |''WWF on PRISM Network'' | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="muraco12">{{cite web|title=Don Muraco's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322378|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423092216/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322378|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !5 |[[Pedro Morales]] |2 |{{dts|1981|11|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=23|year1=1981|month2=01|day2=22|year2=1983}} | rowspan="2" |[[New York City|New York, NY]] | rowspan="2" |''WWF on MSG Network'' |<ref name="morales22">{{cite web|title=Pedro Morales' second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322384|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903155702/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322384|archive-date=2007-09-03|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !6 |[[Don Muraco]] |2 |{{dts|1983|01|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=22|year1=1983|month2=02|day2=11|year2=1984}} |During his reign, the WWF left the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). |<ref name="muraco22">{{cite web|title=Don Muraco's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322388|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423103828/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322388|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !7 |[[Tito Santana]] |1 |{{dts|1984|02|11}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=11|year1=1984|month2=09|day2=24|year2=1984}} |[[Boston|Boston, MA]] |WWF | |<ref name="santana12">{{cite web|title=Tito Santana's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322392|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423094533/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322392|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !8 |[[Greg Valentine]] |1 |{{dts|1984|09|24}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=24|year1=1984|month2=07|day2=06|year2=1985}} |[[London, Ontario|London, ON, Canada]] |''Maple Leaf Wrestling'' | align="left" |Aired on October 13, 1984 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="valentine12">{{cite web|title=Greg Valentine's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322396|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723223700/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322396|archive-date=2008-07-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !9 |[[Tito Santana]] |2 |{{dts|1985|07|06}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=06|year1=1985|month2=02|day2=08|year2=1986}} |[[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |[[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Steel Cage match|steel cage match]]. |<ref name="santana22">{{cite web|title=Tito Santana's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322400|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706202107/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322400|archive-date=2008-07-06|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !10 |[[Randy Savage]] |1 |{{dts|1986|02|08}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=08|year1=1986|month2=03|day2=29|year2=1987}} |[[Boston|Boston, MA]] |''WWF on NESN'' | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="savage12">{{cite web|title=Randy Savage's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322404|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327034004/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322404|archive-date=2008-03-27|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !11 |[[Ricky Steamboat]] |1 |{{dts|1987|03|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=29|year1=1987|month2=06|day2=02|year2=1987}} |[[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac, MI]] |[[WrestleMania III]] |<ref name="steamboat12">{{cite web|title=Ricky Steamboat's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322408|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423142136/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322408|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !12 |[[The Honky Tonk Man]] |1 |{{dts|1987|06|2}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=02|year1=1987|month2=08|day2=29|year2=1988}} |[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |''[[WWF Superstars of Wrestling|Superstars of Wrestling]]'' | align="left" |Aired on June 13, 1987 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="superstars2">{{cite web|title=''WWF Superstars'' results|url=http://100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/wwfsup.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013181848/http://100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/wwfsup.htm|archive-date=2007-10-13|access-date=2007-04-16|work=Wrestling Information Archive}}</ref><ref name="htm12">{{cite web|title=The Honky Tonk Man's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322412|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423142233/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322412|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !13 |[[The Ultimate Warrior]] |1 |{{dts|1988|08|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=29|year1=1988|month2=04|day2=02|year2=1989}} |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |[[SummerSlam (1988)|SummerSlam]] | rowspan="3" | |<ref name="warrior12">{{cite web|title=The Ultimate Warrior's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322416|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429084849/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322416|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !14 |[[Rick Rude]] |1 |{{dts|1989|04|02}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=1989|month2=08|day2=28|year2=1989}} |[[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City, NJ]] |[[WrestleMania V]] |<ref name="rude12">{{cite web|title=Rick Rude's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322420|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705175752/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322420|archive-date=2008-07-05|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !15 |[[The Ultimate Warrior]] |2 |{{dts|1989|08|28}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=28|year1=1989|month2=04|day2=01|year2=1990}} |[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |[[SummerSlam (1989)|SummerSlam]] |<ref name="warrior22">{{cite web|title=The Ultimate Warrior's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322424|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106224016/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322424|archive-date=2012-01-06|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|1990|04|03}} |align=center|— |[[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse, NY]] |''[[Wrestling Challenge]]'' | align="left" |Warrior gave up the title to focus on defending the [[WWE Championship|WWF Championship]]. WWE lists April 1, 1990, the day of Warrior's title win at [[WrestleMania VI]], as the date the title was vacated. |<ref name="warrior22" /> |- !16 |[[Curt Hennig|Mr. Perfect]] |1 |{{dts|1990|04|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=23|year1=1990|month2=08|day2=27|year2=1990}} |[[Austin, Texas|Austin, TX]] |''[[WWF Superstars of Wrestling|Superstars of Wrestling]]'' | align="left" |Defeated [[Tito Santana]] in a tournament final. Aired on May 19, 1990 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="superstars2" /><ref name="perfect12">{{cite web|title=Mr. Perfect's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322428|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429135728/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322428|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !17 |[[Kerry Von Erich|The Texas Tornado]] |1 |{{dts|1990|08|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=27|year1=1990|month2=11|day2=19|year2=1990}} |[[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |[[SummerSlam (1990)|SummerSlam]] | |<ref name="tornado12">{{cite web|title=Texas Tornado's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322432|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423101323/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322432|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !18 |[[Curt Hennig|Mr. Perfect]] |2 |{{dts|1990|11|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=19|year1=1990|month2=08|day2=26|year2=1991}} |[[Rochester, New York|Rochester, NY]] |''[[WWF Superstars of Wrestling|Superstars of Wrestling]]'' | align="left" |Aired on December 15, 1990 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="superstars2" /><ref name="perfect22">{{cite web|title=Mr. Perfect's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322436|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422141813/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322436|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !19 |[[Bret Hart]] |1 |{{dts|1991|08|26}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=26|year1=1991|month2=01|day2=17|year2=1992}} |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |[[SummerSlam (1991)|SummerSlam]] | rowspan="5" | |<ref name="bret12">{{cite web|title=Bret Hart's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322440|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423141755/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322440|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !20 |[[Jacques Rougeau|The Mountie]] |1 |{{dts|1992|01|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=17|year1=1992|month2=01|day2=19|year2=1992}} |[[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield, MA]] |[[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |<ref name="mountie12">{{cite web|title=The Mountie's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322444|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423142017/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322444|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !21 |[[Roddy Piper]] |1 |{{dts|1992|01|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=19|year1=1992|month2=04|day2=05|year2=1992}} |[[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]] |[[Royal Rumble (1992)|Royal Rumble]] |<ref name="piper12">{{cite web|title=Intercontinental Championship - Roddy Piper|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/322448|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213004332/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/322448|archive-date=2013-02-13|access-date=2013-02-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !22 |[[Bret Hart]] |2 |{{dts|1992|04|05}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=05|year1=1992|month2=08|day2=29|year2=1992}} |[[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]] |[[WrestleMania VIII]] |<ref name="bret22">{{cite web|title=Intercontinental Championship - Bret Hart|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/322452|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213045730/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/322452|archive-date=2013-02-13|access-date=2013-02-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !23 |[[Davey Boy Smith|The British Bulldog]] |1 |{{dts|1992|08|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=29|year1=1992|month2=10|day2=27|year2=1992}} |[[London]], [[England]] |[[SummerSlam (1992)|SummerSlam]] |<ref name="bulldog12">{{cite web|title=The British Bulldog's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322456|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524214828/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322456|archive-date=2007-05-24|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !24 |[[Shawn Michaels]] |1 |{{dts|1992|10|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=27|year1=1992|month2=05|day2=17|year2=1993}} |[[Terre Haute, Indiana|Terre Haute, IN]] |''[[Saturday Night's Main Event]]'' | align="left" |Aired on the November 14, 1992 edition on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="snmeresults2">{{cite web|title=Saturday Night's Main Event results|url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wwf/snme.html|access-date=2007-04-16|work=Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments}}</ref><ref name="michaels12">{{cite web|title=Shawn Michaels' first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322460|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515052538/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322460|archive-date=2007-05-15|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !25 |[[Marty Jannetty]] |1 |{{dts|1993|05|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=17|year1=1993|month2=06|day2=06|year2=1993}} |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="jannetty12">{{cite web|title=Marty Jannetty's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322464|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410203756/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322464|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !26 |[[Shawn Michaels]] |2 |{{dts|1993|06|06}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=06|year1=1993|month2=09|day2=27|year2=1993}} |[[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]] |[[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |<ref name="michaels22">{{cite web|title=Shawn Michaels' second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322468|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|1993|09|27}} |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— | align="left" |Michaels was stripped of the title for failing to defend it within 30 days. In reality, Michaels was suspended for testing positive for steroids. |<ref name="ramon12">{{cite web|title=Razor Ramon's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322472|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230091947/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322472|archive-date=2007-12-30|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780743493802|title=Heartbreak & Triumph: The Shawn Michaels Story|last1=Michaels|first1=Shawn|last2=Feigenbaum|first2=Aaron|publisher=[[WWE Books]] ([[Pocket Books]])|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7434-9380-2|location=[[New York, New York]]|page=182}}; DVD ''Heartbreak & Triumph: The Shawn Michaels Story''.</ref> |- !27 |[[Scott Hall|Razor Ramon]] |1 |{{dts|1993|09|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=27|year1=1993|month2=04|day2=13|year2=1994}} |[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Ramon and [[Rick Martel]] were the final two participants in a [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]], in which the last two would face off the next week for the vacant title; Ramon won the match which aired October 11, 1993 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. [[Shawn Michaels]] returned in November 1993, saying he was the legitimate champion as nobody defeated him for the title (though not recognized as such by WWF). Ramon went on to defeat Michaels in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]] on March 20, 1994 at [[WrestleMania X]] to become undisputed champion. |<ref name="ramon12" /><ref name="raw932">{{cite web|title=''WWF Monday Night RAW'' results, 1993|url=http://100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/raw1993.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625102706/http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/raw1993.htm|archive-date=2007-06-25|access-date=2007-04-16|work=Wrestling Information Archive}}</ref> |- !28 |[[Kevin Nash|Diesel]] |1 |{{dts|1994|04|13}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=13|year1=1994|month2=08|day2=29|year2=1994}} |[[Rochester, New York|Rochester, NY]] |''[[WWF Superstars of Wrestling]]'' | align="left" |Aired on April 30, 1994 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="diesel12">{{cite web|title=Diesel's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322476|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724125406/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322476|archive-date=2008-07-24|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !29 |[[Scott Hall|Razor Ramon]] |2 |{{dts|1994|08|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=29|year1=1994|month2=01|day2=22|year2=1995}} |[[Chicago|Chicago, IL]] |[[SummerSlam (1994)|SummerSlam]] | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="ramon22">{{cite web|title=Razor Ramon's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322480|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423103313/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322480|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !30 |[[Jeff Jarrett]] |1 |{{dts|1995|01|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=22|year1=1995|month2=04|day2=26|year2=1995}} |[[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] |[[Royal Rumble (1995)|Royal Rumble]] |<ref name="jarrett12">{{cite web|title=Jeff Jarrett's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322484|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427090604/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322484|archive-date=2007-04-27|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |– |[[Hardcore Holly|Bob Holly]] |^† | rowspan="2" |{{dts|1995|04|26}} |data-sort-value=0.2|<1 | rowspan="2" |[[Moline, Illinois|Moline, IL]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWF Action Zone]]'' |align=left|Defeated Jarrett to win the title. Later that night, it was judged that Jarrett's foot had been on the rope during the pinfall, and Holly was stripped of the Intercontinental Championship. This reign is no longer recognized by WWE. |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Bios/holly-hardcore.html|title=Hardcore Holly}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=left|Held up when match between Jarrett and Holly ended controversially. |<ref name="jarrett2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322488|title=Jeff Jarrett's second reign|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2007-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429181653/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322488|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !31 |[[Jeff Jarrett]] |2 |{{dts|1995|04|26}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=26|year1=1995|month2=05|day2=19|year2=1995}} |[[Moline, Illinois|Moline, IL]] |''[[WWF Action Zone]]'' |align=left|Defeated Bob Holly in a rematch for the vacant title. |<ref name="jarrett2" /> |- !32 |[[Scott Hall|Razor Ramon]] |3 |{{dts|1995|05|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=19|year1=1995|month2=05|day2=21|year2=1995}} |[[Montreal|Montreal, QC, Canada]] | rowspan="2" |[[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. WWE lists the end of Ramon's reign on May 22, 1995. |<ref name="ramon32">{{cite web|title=Razor Ramon's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322492|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102003924/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322492|archive-date=2012-01-02|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !33 |[[Jeff Jarrett]] |3 |{{dts|1995|05|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=21|year1=1995|month2=07|day2=23|year2=1995}} |[[Trois-Rivières|Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada]] | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Jarrett's reign on May 22, 1995. |<ref name="jarrett32">{{cite web|title=Jeff Jarrett's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322496|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011142526/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322496|archive-date=2008-10-11|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !34 |[[Shawn Michaels]] |3 |{{dts|1995|07|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=23|year1=1995|month2=10|day2=22|year2=1995}} |[[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |[[In Your House 2: The Lumberjacks]] | |<ref name="michaels32">{{cite web|title=Shawn Michaels' third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322500|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !35 |[[Shane Douglas|Dean Douglas]] |1 | rowspan="2" |{{dts|1995|10|22}} | data-sort-value="0.2" |<1 | rowspan="2" |[[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, MB, Canada]] | rowspan="2" |[[In Your House 4|In Your House 4: Great White North]] | align="left" |Douglas won the title by forfeit because Michaels was attacked outside a nightclub in [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse, NY]] on October 14, 1995. This is the title's shortest reign to date, lasting 14 minutes. |<ref name="douglas12">{{cite web|title=Dean Douglas' first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322504|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421125940/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322504|archive-date=2007-04-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !36 |[[Scott Hall|Razor Ramon]] |4 | data-sort-value="0.2" |91 | |<ref name="ramon42">{{cite web|title=Razor Ramon's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322508|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429224630/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322508|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !37 |[[Goldust]] |1 |{{dts|1996|01|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=1|day1=21|year1=1996|month2=04|day2=01|year2=1996}} |[[Fresno, California|Fresno, CA]] |[[Royal Rumble (1996)|Royal Rumble]] | align="left" |WWE lists the end of Goldust's reign on March 25, 1996. |<ref name="goldust12">{{cite web|title=Goldust's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322512|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429221420/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322512|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|1996|04|01}} |align=center|— |[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino, CA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Held up when a title defense against [[Savio Vega]] ends in a no contest. Aired April 15, 1996 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="goldust12" /><ref name="raw962">{{cite web|title=''WWF Monday Night RAW'' results, 1996|url=http://100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/raw1996.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402013150/http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/raw1996.htm|archive-date=2007-04-02|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=Wrestling Information Archive}}</ref><ref name="goldust22">{{cite web|title=Goldust's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322516|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423094349/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322516|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !38 |[[Goldust]] |2 |{{dts|1996|04|01}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=01|year1=1996|month2=06|day2=23|year2=1996}} |[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino, CA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Defeated Savio Vega in a rematch. Aired April 22, 1996 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="raw962" /><ref name="goldust22" /> |- !39 |[[Ahmed Johnson]] |1 |{{dts|1996|06|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=23|year1=1996|month2=08|day2=12|year2=1996}} |[[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, WI]] |[[King of the Ring (1996)|King of the Ring]] | align="left" |WWE lists the end of Johnson's reign on August 19, 1996. |<ref name="ahmed12">{{cite web|title=Ahmed Johnson's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322520|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429175515/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322520|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|1996|08|12}} |align=center|— |[[Seattle|Seattle, WA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Johnson gave up the title after being attacked by the debuting [[Ron Simmons|Faarooq]] after winning an 11-man [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]]. |<ref name="ahmed12" /> |- !40 |[[Marc Mero]] |1 |{{dts|1996|09|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=23|year1=1996|month2=10|day2=21|year2=1996}} |[[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey, PA]] | rowspan="3" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Defeated [[Ron Simmons|Faarooq]] in a tournament final. |<ref name="raw962" /><ref name="mero12">{{cite web|title=Marc Mero's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322524|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422142339/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322524|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !41 |[[Triple H|Hunter Hearst Helmsley]] |1 |{{dts|1996|10|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=21|year1=1996|month2=02|day2=13|year2=1997}} |[[Fort Wayne, Indiana|Fort Wayne, IN]] | rowspan="3" | |<ref name="hhh12">{{cite web|title=Triple H's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322528|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423094214/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322528|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !42 |[[Dwayne Johnson|Rocky Maivia]] |1 |{{dts|1997|02|13}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=13|year1=1997|month2=04|day2=28|year2=1997}} |[[Lowell, Massachusetts|Lowell, MA]] |<ref name="rock12">{{cite web|title=The Rock's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322532|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410102450/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322532|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !43 |[[Owen Hart]] |1 |{{dts|1997|04|28}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=28|year1=1997|month2=08|day2=03|year2=1997}} |[[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha, NE]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' |<ref name="owen12">{{cite web|title=Owen Hart's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322536|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122142239/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322536|archive-date=2012-01-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !44 |[[Stone Cold Steve Austin|Steve Austin]] |1 |{{dts|1997|08|03}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=03|year1=1997|month2=09|day2=08|year2=1997}} |[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |[[SummerSlam (1997)|SummerSlam]] |WWE mistakenly lists the end of Austin's reign on October 5, 1997 (lasting 63 days). |<ref name="austin12">{{cite web|title=Steve Austin's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322540|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408140905/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322540|archive-date=2007-04-08|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|1997|09|08}} |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— | align="left" |Vacated because of a neck injury that Austin suffered when he won the title. |<ref name="austin12" /><ref name="Austin2">{{cite web|title=World Wrestling Entertainment Intercontinental Championship history|url=http://www.hoffco-inc.com/wwe/thist/intercon.html#note11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055206/http://www.hoffco-inc.com/wwe/thist/intercon.html#note11|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2007-08-04|publisher=CompleteWWE.com}}</ref> |- !45 |[[Owen Hart]] |2 |{{dts|1997|10|05}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=05|year1=1997|month2=11|day2=9|year2=1997}} |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, MO]] |[[WWE Bad Blood#1997|Bad Blood: In Your House]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Ron Simmons|Faarooq]] in a tournament final for the vacant championship. |<ref name="owen22">{{cite web|title=Owen Hart's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322544|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408142506/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322544|archive-date=2007-04-08|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref><ref name="badbloodresults2">{{cite web|title=Bad Blood results|url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wwf/badd.html|access-date=2007-04-16|work=Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments}}</ref> |- !46 |[[Stone Cold Steve Austin|Steve Austin]] |2 |{{dts|1997|11|09}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=09|year1=1997|month2=12|day2=08|year2=1997}} |[[Montreal|Montreal, QC]] |[[Survivor Series (1997)|Survivor Series]] | |<ref name="austin22">{{cite web|title=Steve Austin's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322548|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502225937/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322548|archive-date=2007-05-02|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !47 |[[Dwayne Johnson|The Rock]] |2 |{{dts|1997|12|8}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=08|year1=1997|month2=08|day2=30|year2=1998}} |[[Portland, Maine|Portland, ME]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | align="left" |Austin handed the title to The Rock, who was formerly known as Rocky Maivia. |<ref name="rock22">{{cite web|title=The Rock's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322552|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428234605/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322552|archive-date=2007-04-28|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !48 |[[Triple H]] |2 |{{dts|1998|08|30}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=30|year1=1998|month2=10|day2=09|year2=1998}} |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |[[SummerSlam (1998)|SummerSlam]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Ladder match]]. Triple H was formerly known as Hunter Hearst Helmsley. WWE mistakenly lists the end of Triple H's reign on October 12, 1998 (lasting 43 days). |<ref name="hhh22">{{cite web|title=Triple H's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322556|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329140338/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322556|archive-date=2007-03-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|1998|10|09}} |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— | align="left" |Vacated because of a knee injury. |<ref name="hhh22" /> |- !49 |[[Ken Shamrock]] |1 |{{dts|1998|10|12}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=12|year1=1998|month2=02|day2=14|year2=1999}} |[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | align="left" |Defeated [[Sean Waltman|X-Pac]] in a tournament final for the vacant championship. |<ref name="shamrock12">{{cite web|title=Ken Shamrock's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322560|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427040848/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322560|archive-date=2007-04-27|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref><ref name="raw982">{{cite web|title=''WWF Raw is War'' results, 1998|url=http://100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/raw1998.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402012113/http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/raw1998.htm|archive-date=2007-04-02|access-date=2007-04-16|work=Wrestling Information Archive}}</ref> |- !50 |[[Val Venis]] |1 |{{dts|1999|02|14}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=14|year1=1999|month2=03|day2=15|year2=1999}} |[[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, TN]] |[[St. Valentine's Day Massacre: In Your House]] | align="left" |[[Billy Gunn]] was the [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|special guest referee]]. |<ref name="venis12">{{cite web|title=Val Venis' first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322564|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327084925/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322564|archive-date=2008-03-27|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref><ref name="misc992">{{cite web|title=Miscellaneous 1990s PPV results|url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wwf/miscppvs1990s.html|access-date=2007-04-16|work=Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments}}</ref> |- !51 |[[Road Dogg]] |1 |{{dts|1999|03|15}} | rowspan="2" |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=15|year1=1999|month2=03|day2=29|year2=1999}} |[[San Jose, California|San Jose, CA]] | rowspan="4" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | rowspan="3" | |<ref name="roaddogg12">{{cite web|title=Road Dogg's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322568|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120102005912/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322568|archive-date=2012-01-02|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !52 |[[Goldust]] |3 |{{dts|1999|03|29}} |[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |<ref name="goldust32">{{cite web|title=Goldust's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322572|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429223431/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322572|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !53 |[[Charles Wright (wrestler)|The Godfather]] |1 |{{dts|1999|04|12}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=12|year1=1999|month2=05|day2=25|year2=1999}} |[[Detroit|Detroit, MI]] |<ref name="godfather12">{{cite web|title=The Godfather's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322576|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070409131435/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322576|archive-date=2007-04-09|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !54 |[[Jeff Jarrett]] |4 |{{dts|1999|05|25}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=25|year1=1999|month2=07|day2=24|year2=1999}} |[[Moline, Illinois|Moline, IL]] | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Jarrett's reign on May 31, 1999, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. Just over a week earlier, Jarrett's tag team partner, the [[Owen Hart|Blue Blazer]], was meant to win the title at [[Over the Edge (1999)|Over the Edge]], but [[Owen Hart#Death|he died]] after [[Over the Edge (1999)#Owen Hart accident|an entrance accident]]. The title was instead later dropped to his friend and partner, Jarrett, in Owen Hart's memory.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} |<ref name="jarrett42">{{cite web|title=Jeff Jarrett's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322580|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429223617/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322580|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !55 |[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] |1 |{{dts|1999|07|24}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=24|year1=1999|month2=07|day2=25|year2=1999}} |[[Toronto]], [[Ontario|ON]], [[Canada]] |[[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |<ref name="edge12">{{cite web|title=Edge's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322584|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629062515/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322584|archive-date=2011-06-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !56 |[[Jeff Jarrett]] |5 |{{dts|1999|07|25}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=25|year1=1999|month2=07|day2=27|year2=1999}} |[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |[[Fully Loaded (1999)|Fully Loaded]] |WWE lists the end of Jarrett's reign on July 26, 1999. |<ref name="jarrett52">{{cite web|title=Jeff Jarrett's fifth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322588|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428064601/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322588|archive-date=2007-04-28|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !57 |[[D'Lo Brown]] |1 |{{dts|1999|07|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=27|year1=1999|month2=08|day2=22|year2=1999}} |[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|Winner Takes All match]], which was also for Brown's [[WWE European Championship|WWF European Championship]]. The match aired on August 2, 1999 on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]], but WWE lists the start of Brown's reign on July 26, 1999. |<ref name="brown12">{{cite web|title=D'Lo Brown's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322592|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419233316/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322592|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !58 |[[Jeff Jarrett]] |6 |{{dts|1999|08|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=22|year1=1999|month2=10|day2=17|year2=1999}} |[[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, MN]] |[[SummerSlam (1999)|SummerSlam]] | align="left" |Jarrett also won the European Championship in the match. The following day, he gave the European title to [[Mark Henry]] as a gift for helping him defeat Brown. |<ref name="jarrett62">{{cite web|title=Jeff Jarrett's sixth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322596|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410175842/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322596|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !59 |[[Chyna]] |1 |{{dts|1999|10|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=17|year1=1999|month2=12|day2=12|year2=1999}} |[[Cleveland|Cleveland, OH]] |[[No Mercy (1999)|No Mercy]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Good Housekeeping match]]. Chyna became the first and only female Intercontinental Champion. |<ref name="chyna12">{{cite web|title=Chyna's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322600|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408145514/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322600|archive-date=2007-04-08|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref><ref name="nomercyofficial2">{{cite web|title=No Mercy official results|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nomercy/history/alltimeresults|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !60 |[[Chris Jericho]] |1 |{{dts|1999|12|12}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=12|year1=1999|month2=01|day2=3|year2=2000}} |[[Sunrise, Florida|Sunrise, FL]] |[[Armageddon (1999)|Armageddon]] | |<ref name="jericho12">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322604|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420081841/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322604|archive-date=2007-04-20|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Chris Jericho]] and [[Chyna]] |1^† |{{dts|2000|01|03}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=03|year1=2000|month2=01|day2=23|year2=2000}} |[[Miami|Miami, FL]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | align="left" |On December 28, 1999 (aired December 30, 1999) on ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'', a title match between Chyna and Jericho ended in a double pinfall; as a result they were recognized as co-champions. WWE does not list this period as an official reign but as a vacancy. |<ref name="IC12" /><ref name="jericho22">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322608|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421221143/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322608|archive-date=2007-04-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !61 |[[Chris Jericho]] |2 |{{dts|2000|01|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=23|year1=2000|month2=02|day2=27|year2=2000}} |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |[[Royal Rumble (2000)|Royal Rumble]] | align="left" |Jericho defeated Chyna and [[Hardcore Holly]] in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]] to become undisputed champion. |<ref name="jericho22" /> |- !62 |[[Kurt Angle]] |1 |{{dts|2000|02|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=27|year1=2000|month2=04|day2=02|year2=2000}} |[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford, CT]] |[[No Way Out (2000)|No Way Out]] | align="left" |Angle was also [[WWE European Championship|European Champion]] during this time. |<ref name="angle12">{{cite web|title=Kurt Angle's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322612|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422141959/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322612|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !63 |[[Chris Benoit]] |1 |{{dts|2000|04|2}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=2000|month2=05|day2=02|year2=2000}} |[[Anaheim, California|Anaheim, CA]] |[[WrestleMania 2000]] | align="left" |Benoit won the first fall of a two-fall [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|Triple Threat Match]] between [[Chris Jericho]] (who Benoit pinned) and [[Kurt Angle]], where both of Angle's championships were on the line. WWE lists the end of Benoit's reign on July 22, 1999 (lasting 49 days). |<ref name="benoit12">{{cite web|title=Chris Benoit's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322616|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070122043831/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322616|archive-date=2007-01-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment}}</ref> |- !64 |[[Chris Jericho]] |3 |{{dts|2000|05|02}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=02|year1=2000|month2=05|day2=08|year2=2000}} |[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]!'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Jericho's reign on May 4, 2000, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="jericho32">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322620|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429224604/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322620|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !65 |[[Chris Benoit]] |2 |{{dts|2000|05|08}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=08|year1=2000|month2=06|day2=20|year2=2000}} |[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' |[[Triple H]] was the special [[List of professional wrestling terms#E|outside enforcer]]. |<ref name="benoit22">{{cite web|title=Chris Benoit's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322624|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117220452/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322624|archive-date=2007-01-17|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment}}</ref> |- !66 |[[Rikishi (wrestler)|Rikishi]] |1 |{{dts|2000|06|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=20|year1=2000|month2=07|day2=04|year2=2000}} |[[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, TN]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Rikishi's reign on June 22, 2000, and the end on July 6, 2000. Both matches aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="rikishi12">{{cite web|title=Rikishi's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322628|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408233614/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322628|archive-date=2007-04-08|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !67 |[[Val Venis]] |2 |{{dts|2000|07|04}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=04|year1=2000|month2=08|day2=27|year2=2000}} |[[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale, FL]] | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Venis' reign on July 6, 2000, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="venis22">{{cite web|title=Val Venis' second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322632|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327084940/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322632|archive-date=2008-03-27|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !68 |[[Chyna]] |2 |{{dts|2000|08|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=27|year1=2000|month2=09|day2=04|year2=2000}} |[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |[[SummerSlam (2000)|SummerSlam]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|mixed tag team match]]<nowiki/>between the teams of Chyna and [[Eddie Guerrero]] and Venis and [[Trish Stratus]], in which the winner of the fall would win the title. Chyna pinned Stratus to win Venis' title. |<ref name="chyna32">{{cite web|title=Chyna's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322636|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410203854/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322636|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !69 |[[Eddie Guerrero]] |1 |{{dts|2000|09|04}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=04|year1=2000|month2=11|day2=21|year2=2000}} |[[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington, KY]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]], also involving [[Kurt Angle]]. WWE lists the end of Guerrero's reign on November 23, 2000, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="guerrero12">{{cite web|title=Eddie Guerrero's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322640|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221163609/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322640|archive-date=2008-02-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !70 |[[Billy Gunn]] |1 |{{dts|2000|11|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=21|year1=2000|month2=12|day2=10|year2=2000}} |[[Sunrise, Florida|Sunrise, FL]] |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Gunn's reign on November 23, 2000, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="gunn12">{{cite web|title=Billy Gunn's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322644|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423143601/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322644|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !71 |[[Chris Benoit]] |3 |{{dts|2000|12|10}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=10|year1=2000|month2=01|day2=21|year2=2001}} |[[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham, AL]] |[[Armageddon (2000)|Armageddon]] | |<ref name="benoit32">{{cite web|title=Chris Benoit's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322648|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128091549/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322648|archive-date=2007-01-28|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment}}</ref> |- !72 |[[Chris Jericho]] |4 |{{dts|2001|01|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=21|year1=2001|month2=04|day2=03|year2=2001}} |[[New Orleans|New Orleans, LA]] |[[Royal Rumble (2001)|Royal Rumble]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. WWE lists the end of Jericho's reign on April 5, 2001, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="jericho42">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322652|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325213317/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322652|archive-date=2007-03-25|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !73 |[[Triple H]] |3 |{{dts|2001|04|3}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=03|year1=2001|month2=04|day2=10|year2=2001}} |[[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, OK]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Triple H's reign on April 5, 2001, and the end on April 12, 2001. Both matches aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="hhh32">{{cite web|title=Triple H's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322656|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422141324/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322656|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !74 |[[Jeff Hardy]] |1 |{{dts|2001|04|10}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=10|year1=2001|month2=04|day2=16|year2=2001}} |[[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] | align="left" |Hardy became the youngest Intercontinental champion to date. WWE lists the start of Hardy's reign on April 12, 2001, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="hardy12">{{cite web|title=Jeff Hardy's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322660|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122134240/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322660|archive-date=2012-01-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !75 |[[Triple H]] |4 |{{dts|2001|04|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=16|year1=2001|month2=05|day2=20|year2=2001}} |[[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville, TN]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | |<ref name="hhh42">{{cite web|title=Triple H's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322664|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422084301/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322664|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !76 |[[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] |1 |{{dts|2001|05|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=20|year1=2001|month2=06|day2=26|year2=2001}} |[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |[[Judgment Day (2001)|Judgment Day]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Strap match|chain match]]. WWE lists the end of Kane's reign on June 28, 2001, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="kane12">{{cite web|title=Kane's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322668|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419230223/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322668|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE.com}}</ref><ref name="judgmentdayofficial2">{{cite web|title=Judgment Day official results|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/judgmentday/history/alltimeresults|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE.com}}</ref> |- !77 |[[Matt Bloom|Albert]] |1 |{{dts|2001|06|26}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=26|year1=2001|month2=07|day2=23|year2=2001}} |[[New York City|New York, NY]] |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|no disqualification match]]. WWE lists the start of Albert's reign on June 28, 2001, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="albert12">{{cite web|title=Albert's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322672|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325223653/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322672|archive-date=2009-03-25|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !78 |[[Lance Storm]] |1 |{{dts|2001|07|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=23|year1=2001|month2=08|day2=19|year2=2001}} |[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw is War]]'' | rowspan="3" | |<ref name="storm12">{{cite web|title=Lance Storm's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322676|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419232557/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322676|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !79 |[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] |2 |{{dts|2001|08|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=19|year1=2001|month2=09|day2=23|year2=2001}} |[[San Jose, California|San Jose, CA]] |[[SummerSlam (2001)|SummerSlam]] |<ref name="edge22">{{cite web|title=Edge's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322680|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421235117/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322680|archive-date=2007-04-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !80 |[[Christian (wrestler)|Christian]] |1 |{{dts|2001|09|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=23|year1=2001|month2=10|day2=21|year2=2001}} |[[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |[[Unforgiven (2001)|Unforgiven]] |<ref name="christian12">{{cite web|title=Christian's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322684|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423142053/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322684|archive-date=2007-04-23|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !81 |[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] |3 |{{dts|2001|10|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=21|year1=2001|month2=11|day2=05|year2=2001}} |[[St. Louis|St. Louis, MO]] |[[No Mercy (2001)|No Mercy]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. |<ref name="edge32">{{cite web|title=Edge's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322688|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502050954/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322688|archive-date=2007-05-02|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !82 |[[Test (wrestler)|Test]] |1 |{{dts|2001|11|5}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=05|year1=2001|month2=11|day2=18|year2=2001}} |[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |<ref name="test12">{{cite web|title=Test's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322692|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419233557/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322692|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !83 |[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] |4 |{{dts|2001|11|18}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=18|year1=2001|month2=01|day2=20|year2=2002}} |[[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |[[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series]] | align="left" |This title unification match was also for Edge's [[WWE United States Championship|WCW United States Championship]], which then became inactive. |<ref name="edge42">{{cite web|title=Edge's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325213443/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322696|archive-date=2007-03-25|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !84 |[[William Regal]] |1 |{{dts|2002|01|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=20|year1=2002|month2=03|day2=17|year2=2002}} |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |[[Royal Rumble (2002)|Royal Rumble]] | |<ref name="regal12">{{cite web|title=William Regal's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322700|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422141644/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322700|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !85 |[[Rob Van Dam]] |1 |{{dts|2002|03|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=17|year1=2002|month2=04|day2=21|year2=2002}} |[[Toronto|Toronto, ON, Canada]] |[[WrestleMania X8]] | align="left" |On March 25, 2002, the championship became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] when Van Dam was drafted there as part of the [[WWE Brand Extension#Superstar selections|2002 WWE Draft]]. |<ref name="rvd12">{{cite web|title=Rob Van Dam's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !86 |[[Eddie Guerrero]] |2 |{{dts|2002|04|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=21|year1=2002|month2=05|day2=27|year2=2002}} |[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City, MO]] |[[Backlash (2002)|Backlash]] | align="left" |The title was renamed the WWE Intercontinental Championship on May 6, 2002 after World Wrestling Federation Entertainment, Inc. settled a lawsuit with the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]], and it became simply World Wrestling Entertainment. |<ref name="Eddie WWE2">{{cite web|title=Eddie's reign WWE|url=http://www.hoffco-inc.com/wwe/thist/intercon.html#note32|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055206/http://www.hoffco-inc.com/wwe/thist/intercon.html#note32|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2007-08-04|work=CompleteWWE.com}}</ref><ref name="guerrero22">{{cite web|title=Eddie Guerrero's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322708|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427172456/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322708|archive-date=2007-04-27|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !87 |[[Rob Van Dam]] |2 |{{dts|2002|05|27}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=27|year1=2002|month2=07|day2=29|year2=2002}} |[[Edmonton|Edmonton, AB, Canada]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. On July 22, 2002, Van Dam defeated [[Jeff Hardy]] in a title unification match to also win his [[WWE European Championship]], which was then retired. |<ref name="rvd22">{{cite web|title=Rob Van Dam's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322712|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421232701/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322712|archive-date=2007-04-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !88 |[[Chris Benoit]] |4 |{{dts|2002|07|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=29|year1=2002|month2=08|day2=25|year2=2002}} |[[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] | align="left" |The title became exclusive to [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] when Benoit went to the SmackDown brand on July 30 (aired August 1). WWE mistakenly lists the end of Benoit's reign on August 26, 2002. |<ref name="benoit42">{{cite web|title=Chris Benoit's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322716|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203073320/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322716|archive-date=2007-02-03|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=World Wrestling Entertainment}}</ref><ref name="2003yearbook2">{{cite news|last=McAvennie|first=Michael|year=2003|title=WWE The Yearbook: 2003 Edition|publisher=Pocket Books}}</ref> |- !89 |[[Rob Van Dam]] |3 |{{dts|2002|08|25}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=25|year1=2002|month2=09|day2=16|year2=2002}} |[[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |[[SummerSlam (2002)|SummerSlam]] | align="left" |The title returned to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand because of Van Dam's status as a Raw superstar. The following night on ''Raw'', Van Dam defeated [[Tommy Dreamer]] in a title unification match to also win his [[WWE Hardcore Championship]], which was then retired. WWE mistakenly lists the start of Van Dam's reign on August 6, 2002 (lasting 40 days). |<ref name="2003yearbook2" /><ref name="rvd32">{{cite web|title=Rob Van Dam's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322720|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422143034/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322720|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !90 |[[Chris Jericho]] |5 |{{dts|2002|09|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=16|year1=2002|month2=09|day2=30|year2=2002}} |[[Denver|Denver, CO]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="jericho52">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's fifth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322724|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422142259/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322724|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !91 |[[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] |2 |{{dts|2002|09|30}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=30|year1=2002|month2=10|day2=20|year2=2002}} |[[Houston|Houston, TX]] |<ref name="kane22">{{cite web|title=Kane's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322728|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419193842/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322728|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !92 |[[Triple H]] |5 |{{dts|2002|10|20}} | data-sort-value="0.2" |<1 |[[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock, AR]] |[[No Mercy (2002)|No Mercy]] | align="left" |This was a unification match to unify the Intercontinental Championship into the [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|World Heavyweight Championship]]. |<ref name="hhh52">{{cite web|title=Triple H's fifth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322732|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419233644/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322732|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |Unified |align=center|— |{{dts|2002|10|20}} |align=center|— |[[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock, AR]] |[[No Mercy (2002)|No Mercy]] | align="left" |Unified with Triple H's World Heavyweight Championship.The Intercontinental Championship became inactive. |<ref name="hhh52" /> |- !93 |[[Christian (wrestler)|Christian]] |2 |{{dts|2003|05|18}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=18|year1=2003|month2=07|day2=07|year2=2003}} |[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |[[Judgment Day (2003)|Judgment Day]] | align="left" |Won a [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]] also involving [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]], [[Val Venis]], [[Chris Jericho]], [[Goldust]], [[Test (wrestler)|Test]], [[Lance Storm]], [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] and [[Rob Van Dam]] to win the vacant title, which was reactivated by Raw Co-General Manager [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]]. |<ref name="christian22">{{cite web|title=Christian's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322736|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419193821/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322736|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !94 |[[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] |1 |{{dts|2003|07|07}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=07|year1=2003|month2=08|day2=10|year2=2003}} |[[Montreal|Montreal, QC, Canada]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="booker12">{{cite web|title=Booker T's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322740|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419060210/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322740|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !95 |[[Christian (wrestler)|Christian]] |3 |{{dts|2003|08|10}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=10|year1=2003|month2=09|day2=29|year2=2003}} |[[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines, IA]] |[[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |<ref name="christian32">{{cite web|title=Christian's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322744|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419061816/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322744|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !96 |[[Rob Van Dam]] |4 |{{dts|2003|09|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=29|year1=2003|month2=10|day2=27|year2=2003}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] | rowspan="3" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. |<ref name="rvd42">{{cite web|title=Rob Van Dam's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322748|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410194446/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322748|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !97 |[[Chris Jericho]] |6 | rowspan="2" |{{dts|2003|10|27}} | data-sort-value="0.2" |<1 | rowspan="2" |[[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville, NC]] | |<ref name="jericho62">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's sixth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322752|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429184030/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322752|archive-date=2007-04-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !98 |[[Rob Van Dam]] |5 |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=27|year1=2003|month2=12|day2=14|year2=2003}} | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Steel Cage match|steel cage match]]. |<ref name="rvd52">{{cite web|title=Rob Van Dam's fifth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322756|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422142210/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322756|archive-date=2007-04-22|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !99 |[[Randy Orton]] |1 |{{dts|2003|12|14}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=14|year1=2003|month2=07|day2=11|year2=2004}} |[[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]] |[[Armageddon (2003)|Armageddon]] | align="left" |[[Mick Foley]] was the special [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|guest referee]]. |<ref name="orton12">{{cite web|title=Randy Orton's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322760|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329093738/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322760|archive-date=2008-03-29|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !100 |[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] |5 |{{dts|2004|07|11}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=11|year1=2004|month2=09|day2=6|year2=2004}} |[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford, CT]] |[[Vengeance (2004)|Vengeance]] | |<ref name="edge52">{{cite web|title=Edge's fifth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322764|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420231343/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322764|archive-date=2007-04-20|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|2004|09|06}} |align=center|— |[[Wichita Falls, Texas|Wichita Falls, TX]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Vacated because of a groin injury. |<ref name="edge52" /> |- !101 |[[Chris Jericho]] |7 |{{dts|2004|09|12}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=12|year1=2004|month2=10|day2=19|year2=2004}} |[[Portland, Oregon|Portland, OR]] |[[Unforgiven (2004)|Unforgiven]] | align="left" |Defeated [[Christian (wrestler)|Christian]] in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]] to win the vacant title. |<ref name="jericho72">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's seventh reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322768|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421233740/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322768|archive-date=2007-04-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !102 |[[Shelton Benjamin]] |1 |{{dts|2004|10|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=19|year1=2004|month2=06|day2=20|year2=2005}} |[[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, WI]] |[[Taboo Tuesday (2004)|Taboo Tuesday]] | align="left" |Benjamin was voted into this match. |<ref name="benjamin12">{{cite web|title=Shelton Benjamin's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/322772|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !103 |[[Carly Colón|Carlito]] |1 |{{dts|2005|06|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=20|year1=2005|month2=09|day2=18|year2=2005}} |[[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix, AZ]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |WWE mistakenly lists the end of Carlito's reign on September 19, 2005. |<ref name="carlito12">{{cite web|title=Carlito's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/636206|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307004153/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/636206|archive-date=2012-03-07|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !104 |[[Ric Flair]] |1 |{{dts|2005|09|18}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=18|year1=2005|month2=02|day2=20|year2=2006}} |[[Oklahoma City|Oklahoma City, OK]] |[[Unforgiven (2005)|Unforgiven]] |Flair became the oldest Intercontinental champion to date. WWE mistakenly lists the start of Flair's reign on September 19, 2005 (lasting 153 days). |<ref name="flair12">{{cite web|title=Ric Flair's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/6362061|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217181511/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/6362061|archive-date=2008-12-17|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !105 |[[Shelton Benjamin]] |2 |{{dts|2006|02|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=20|year1=2006|month2=04|day2=30|year2=2006}} |[[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton, NJ]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |<ref name="benjamin22">{{cite web|title=Shelton Benjamin's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/63620611|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421223217/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/63620611|archive-date=2007-04-21|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !106 |[[Rob Van Dam]] |6 |{{dts|2006|04|30}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=30|year1=2006|month2=05|day2=15|year2=2006}} |[[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington, KY]] |[[Backlash (2006)|Backlash]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|Winner Takes All match]], which was also for Van Dam's [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money in the Bank]] contract. |<ref name="rvd62">{{cite web|title=Rob Van Dam's sixth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/2667630|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080445/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/2667630|archive-date=2007-04-20|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !107 |[[Shelton Benjamin]] |3 |{{dts|2006|05|15}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=15|year1=2006|month2=06|day2=25|year2=2006}} |[[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock, TX]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|3-on-2 Handicap]] Texas Tornado match featuring Benjamin, [[Chris Masters]] and [[Triple H]] against [[WWE Championship|WWE Champion]] [[John Cena]] and Rob Van Dam, in which anyone who beat Cena or Van Dam would win their respective title. Benjamin pinned Van Dam to win the Intercontinental title. |<ref name="benjamin32">{{cite web|title=Shelton Benjamin's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/26676301|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419163123/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/26676301|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !108 |[[John Morrison (wrestler)|Johnny Nitro]] |1 |{{dts|2006|06|25}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=25|year1=2006|month2=10|day2=02|year2=2006}} |[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |[[Vengeance (2006)|Vengeance]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]], also involving [[Carly Colón|Carlito]]. |<ref name="nitro12">{{cite web|title=Johnny Nitro's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/2968410|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419174854/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/2968410|archive-date=2007-04-19|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !109 |[[Jeff Hardy]] |2 |{{dts|2006|10|02}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=02|year1=2006|month2=11|day2=06|year2=2006}} |[[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka, KS]] | rowspan="8" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |<ref name="hardy22">{{cite web|title=Jeff Hardy's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/29684101|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410130835/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/29684101|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !110 |[[John Morrison (wrestler)|Johnny Nitro]] |2 |{{dts|2006|11|06}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=06|year1=2006|month2=11|day2=13|year2=2006}} |[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|no disqualification match]]. |<ref name="nitro22">{{cite web|title=Johnny Nitro's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/3644266|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410090224/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/3644266|archive-date=2007-04-10|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !111 |[[Jeff Hardy]] |3 |{{dts|2006|11|13}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=13|year1=2006|month2=02|day2=19|year2=2007}} |[[Manchester]], [[England]] | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="hardy32">{{cite web|title=Jeff Hardy's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/36442661|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408143656/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/36442661|archive-date=2007-04-08|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !112 |[[Umaga (wrestler)|Umaga]] |1 |{{dts|2007|02|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=19|year1=2007|month2=04|day2=16|year2=2007}} |[[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield, CA]] |<ref name="umaga12">{{cite web|title=Umaga's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/364426611|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408105847/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/364426611|archive-date=2007-04-08|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !113 |[[Santino Marella]] |1 |{{dts|2007|04|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=16|year1=2007|month2=07|day2=02|year2=2007}} |[[Milan]], [[Italy]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|No Holds Barred match]], Marella was "picked out of the audience" by [[Vince McMahon|Mr. McMahon]]. |<ref name="santino12">{{cite web|title=Santino Marella's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/4515822|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515051422/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/4515822|archive-date=2007-05-15|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !114 |[[Umaga (wrestler)|Umaga]] |2 |{{dts|2007|07|02}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=02|year1=2007|month2=09|day2=02|year2=2007}} |[[Dallas]], [[Texas|TX]] |WWE lists the end of Umaga's reign on September 3, 2007, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="umaga22">{{cite web|title=Umaga's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/3644266111|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118154018/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/3644266111|archive-date=2007-11-18|access-date=2007-04-16|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !115 |[[Jeff Hardy]] |4 |{{dts|2007|09|02}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=02|year1=2007|month2=03|day2=10|year2=2008}} |[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Hardy's reign on September 3, 2007, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="hardy42">{{cite web|title=Jeff Hardy's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/36442661111|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011012142/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/36442661111|archive-date=2007-10-11|access-date=2007-09-03|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !116 |[[Chris Jericho]] |8 |{{dts|2008|03|10}} |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=10|year1=2008|month2=06|day2=29|year2=2008}} |[[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin|WI]] | rowspan="2" | |<ref name="jericho82">{{cite web|title=Chris Jericho's eighth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/364426611111|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314210706/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/364426611111|archive-date=2008-03-14|access-date=2008-03-11|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !117 |[[Kofi Kingston]] |1 |{{dts|2008|06|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=29|year1=2008|month2=08|day2=17|year2=2008}} |[[Dallas]], [[Texas|TX]] |[[Night of Champions (2008)|Night of Champions]] |<ref name="kingston12">{{cite web|title=Kofi Kingston's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/3644266111111|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703113300/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/3644266111111|archive-date=2008-07-03|access-date=2008-06-29|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !118 |[[Santino Marella]] |2 |{{dts|2008|08|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=17|year1=2008|month2=11|day2=10|year2=2008}} |[[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana|IN]] |[[SummerSlam (2008)|SummerSlam]] | align="left" |This was a mixed [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|tag team match]] in which both the Intercontinental and [[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|Women's Championships]] were on the line. The title was won when partner [[Beth Phoenix]] pinned [[Mickie James]]. |<ref name="santino22">{{cite web|title=Santino Marella's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/36442661111111|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821034228/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/36442661111111|archive-date=2008-08-21|access-date=2008-08-18|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !119 |[[William Regal]] |2 |{{dts|2008|11|10}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=10|year1=2008|month2=01|day2=19|year2=2009}} |[[Manchester]], [[England]] | rowspan="3" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |<ref name="regal22">{{cite web|title=William Regal's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/8615732|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217043600/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/8615732|archive-date=2008-12-17|access-date=2008-12-26|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !120 |[[CM Punk]] |1 |{{dts|2009|01|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=19|year1=2009|month2=03|day2=09|year2=2009}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|no-disqualification match]]. |<ref name="punk12">{{cite web|title=CM Punk's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/9155998|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225015103/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/9155998|archive-date=2009-02-25|access-date=2009-01-19|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !121 |[[John Layfield|John "Bradshaw" Layfield]] |1 |{{dts|2009|03|09}} |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=09|year1=2009|month2=04|day2=05|year2=2009}} |[[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] | |<ref name="JBL12">{{cite web|title=JBL's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/9526204|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313035136/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/9526204|archive-date=2009-03-13|access-date=2009-03-09|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !122 |[[Rey Mysterio]] |1 |{{dts|2009|4|5}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=05|year1=2009|month2=06|day2=07|year2=2009}} |[[Houston]], [[Texas|TX]] |[[WrestleMania XXV]] | align="left" |On April 13, 2009, the title became exclusive to the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] for the first time, when Mysterio was drafted there as part of the [[2009 WWE Draft]]. |<ref name="Mysterio12">{{cite web|title=Mysterio's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/9787528|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409074816/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/9787528|archive-date=2009-04-09|access-date=2009-04-15|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !123 |[[Chris Jericho]] |9 |{{dts|2009|06|07}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=07|year1=2009|month2=06|day2=28|year2=2009}} |[[New Orleans|New Orleans, LA]] |[[Extreme Rules (2009)|Extreme Rules]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|No Holds Barred match]]. Jericho became a record nine-time champion. |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chris Jericho's ninth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/10437480|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611184248/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/10437480|archive-date=2009-06-11|access-date=2009-06-07|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !124 |[[Rey Mysterio]] |2 |{{dts|2009|06|28}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=28|year1=2009|month2=09|day2=04|year2=2009}} |[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |[[WWE The Bash|The Bash]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Stipulation matches|Mask vs. Title match]]. WWE lists the end of Mysterio's reign on September 4, 2009, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="Mysterio22">{{Cite web|title=Rey Mysterio's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/10659470|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702140737/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/10659470|archive-date=2009-07-02|access-date=2009-06-28|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !125 |[[John Morrison (wrestler)|John Morrison]] |3 |{{dts|2009|09|01}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=04|year1=2009|month2=12|day2=13|year2=2009}} |[[Cleveland]], [[Ohio|OH]] |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Morrison's reign on September 4, 2009, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. John Morrison was formerly known as Johnny Nitro. |<ref name="Morrison32">{{cite web|title=John Morrison's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/11569874|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908075925/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/11569874|archive-date=2009-09-08|access-date=2009-09-04|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !126 |[[Drew McIntyre]] |1 |{{dts|2009|12|13}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=13|year1=2009|month2=05|day2=23|year2=2010}} |[[San Antonio]], [[Texas|TX]] |[[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2009)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] | align="left" |On May 7, 2010 Theodore Long suspended McIntyre and vacated the title. The following week on ''SmackDown'', Kofi Kingston won a tournament to crown a new champion, but Mr. McMahon reversed Long's decision. The vacancy of the title and Kingston's championship win are not listed by WWE, and WWE continued to recognize McIntyre as champion during this time. |<ref name="McIntyre12">{{cite web|title=Drew McIntyre's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/12940388|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217080214/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/12940388|archive-date=2009-12-17|access-date=2009-12-14|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !127 |[[Kofi Kingston]] |2 |{{dts|2010|05|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=23|year1=2010|month2=07|day2=28|year2=2010}} |[[Detroit]], [[Michigan|MI]] |[[Over the Limit (2010)|Over the Limit]] |WWE lists the end of Kingston's reign on August 6, 2010, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="Kingston22">{{cite web|title=Kofi Kingston's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/14533730|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527032214/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/14533730|archive-date=2010-05-27|access-date=2010-09-20|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !128 |[[Dolph Ziggler]] |1 |{{dts|2010|7|28}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=28|year1=2010|month2=01|day2=04|year2=2011}} |[[Laredo, Texas|Laredo, TX]] | rowspan="3" |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Ziggler's reign on August 6, 2010, and the end on January 7, 2011. Both matches aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="Ziggler12">{{cite web|title=Dolph Ziggler's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/15294126|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819051349/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/15294126|archive-date=2010-08-19|access-date=2010-09-20|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !129 |[[Kofi Kingston]] |3 |{{dts|2011|01|04}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=04|year1=2011|month2=03|day2=22|year2=2011}} |[[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson, AZ]] | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Kingston's reign on January 7, 2011, and the end on March 25, 2011. Both matches aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref name="Kingston32">{{cite web|title=Kofi Kingston's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/16770470|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228042239/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/16770470|archive-date=2011-02-28|access-date=2011-03-14|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !130 |[[Wade Barrett]] |1 |{{dts|2011|03|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=22|year1=2011|month2=06|day2=19|year2=2011}} |[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Barrett's reign on March 25, 2011, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Tucker|first=Benjamin|date=22 March 2011|title=WWE News: Smackdown spoilers 3/25 - Quick Smackdown results for Friday's show including a significant development|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/WWE_News_3/article_48672.shtml|access-date=23 March 2011|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> |- !131 |[[Ezekiel Jackson]] |1 |{{dts|2011|06|19}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=19|year1=2011|month2=08|day2=09|year2=2011}} |[[Washington, D.C.]] |[[WWE Capitol Punishment|Capitol Punishment]] |WWE lists the end of Jackson's reign on August 12, 2011, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ezekiel Jackson's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/25021591|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623140408/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/25021591|archive-date=2011-06-23|access-date=2011-06-20|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !132 |[[Cody Rhodes]] |1 |{{dts|2011|08|09}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=09|year1=2011|month2=04|day2=01|year2=2012}} |[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Rhodes' reign on August 12, 2011, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. On August 29, 2011, the brand extension ended, allowing the championship to be defended on both the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brands]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Cody Rhodes's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/25029858|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009134711/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/intercontinental/25029858|archive-date=2011-10-09|access-date=2011-08-12|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !133 |[[Big Show]] |1 |{{dts|2012|04|01}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=01|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=29|year2=2012}} |[[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens, FL]] |[[WrestleMania XXVIII]] | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Big Show's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/big-show|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729020647/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/big-show|archive-date=2012-07-29|access-date=2012-04-01|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !134 |[[Cody Rhodes]] |2 |{{dts|2012|04|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=29|year1=2012|month2=05|day2=20|year2=2012}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |[[Extreme Rules (2012)|Extreme Rules]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|tables match]]. |<ref name="ShowRhodes2">{{cite web|author=Michael Burdick|date=April 23, 2012|title=Intercontinental Champion Big Show vs. Cody Rhodes|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/extremerules/2012/big-show-cody-rhodes|publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> |- !135 |[[Christian (wrestler)|Christian]] |4 |{{dts|2012|05|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=20|year1=2012|month2=07|day2=23|year2=2012}} |[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |[[Over the Limit (2012)|Over the Limit]] | rowspan="2" | |<ref>{{cite web|last=Giannini|first=Alex|date=20 May 2012|title=Christian def. Intercontinental Champion Cody Rhodes|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/wweoverthelimit/2012/christian-def-intercontinental-champion-cody-rhodes|access-date=21 May 2012|work=WWE}}</ref> |- !136 |[[The Miz]] |1 |{{dts|2012|07|23}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=23|year1=2012|month2=10|day2=16|year2=2012}} |[[St. Louis|St. Louis]], [[Missouri|MO]] |''[[WWE Raw#Special episodes|Raw 1000]]'' |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Miz's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20120723-themiz|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120727022552/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20120723-themiz|archive-date=2012-07-27|access-date=2012-07-23|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !137 |[[Kofi Kingston]] |4 |{{dts|2012|10|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=16|year1=2012|month2=12|day2=29|year2=2012}} |[[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, TN]] |''[[WWE Main Event|Main Event]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Kingston's reign on October 17, 2012, and the end on December 31, 2012. Both matches aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Kofi Kingston's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20121017-kofi-kingston|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122092901/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20121017-kofi-kingston|archive-date=2012-11-22|access-date=2013-01-09|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !138 |[[Wade Barrett]] |2 |{{dts|2012|12|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=29|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=07|year2=2013}} |[[Washington, D.C.]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |WWE lists the start of Jackson's reign on December 31, 2012, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Wade Barrett's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20121229-wade-barrett|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106100427/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20121229-wade-barrett|archive-date=2013-01-06|access-date=2013-01-09|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !139 |[[The Miz]] |2 |{{dts|2013|04|07}} |{{age in days nts|month1=4|day1=7|year1=2013|month2=4|day2=8|year2=2013}} | rowspan="2" |[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |[[WrestleMania 29]] | align="left" |Match aired live on [[YouTube]] and [[WWE|WWE.com]] as part of the WrestleMania 29 pre-show. |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Miz's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20130407-the-miz|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410084940/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20130407-the-miz|archive-date=2013-04-10|access-date=2013-04-08|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !140 |[[Wade Barrett]] |3 |{{dts|2013|04|08}} |{{age in days nts|month1=4|day1=8|year1=2013|month2=06|day2=16|year2=2013}} |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Wade Barrett's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20130408-wade-barrett|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412062231/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20130408-wade-barrett|archive-date=2013-04-12|access-date=2013-04-07|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !141 |[[Curtis Axel]] |1 |{{dts|2013|06|16}} |{{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=16|year1=2013|month2=11|day2=18|year2=2013}} |[[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |[[Payback (2013)|Payback]] | align="left" |This was a [[Triple Threat match]], also involving [[The Miz]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Curtis Axel's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20130616-curtis-axel|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622000942/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20130616-curtis-axel|archive-date=2013-06-22|access-date=2013-07-04|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !142 |[[Big E Langston]] |1 |{{dts|2013|11|18}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=18|year1=2013|month2=05|day2=04|year2=2014}} |[[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |On February 12, 2014, Big E Langston's ring name was made shorter to "Big E". |<ref>{{cite web|title=Big E Langston's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/big-e-langston|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123132221/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/big-e-langston|archive-date=2013-11-23|access-date=2013-11-18|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !143 |[[Wade Barrett|Bad News Barrett]] |4 |{{dts|2014|05|04}} |{{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=04|year1=2014|month2=06|day2=30|year2=2014}} |[[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |[[Extreme Rules (2014)|Extreme Rules]] |Bad News Barrett was formerly known as Wade Barrett. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Bad News Barrett's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20140504-bad-news-barrett|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514072541/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20140504-bad-news-barrett|archive-date=2014-05-14|access-date=2014-05-29|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|2014|06|30}} |align=center|— |[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford, CT]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |The title was vacated because of a shoulder injury. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Martin|first=Adam|date=June 30, 2014|title=Bad News Barrett update, Intercontinental title vacated|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-news/49345-bad-news-barrett-update-intercontinental-title-vacated|access-date=August 3, 2014|publisher=WrestleView}}</ref> |- !144 |[[The Miz]] |3 |{{dts|2014|07|20}} |{{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=20|year1=2014|month2=08|day2=17|year2=2014}} |[[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] |[[Battleground (2014)|Battleground]] | align="left" |This was a 19-man [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|battle royal]]. The Miz last eliminated [[Dolph Ziggler]] to win the vacant title. |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Miz's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20140720-the-miz|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222112116/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20140720-the-miz|archive-date=2014-12-22|access-date=2014-07-20|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !145 |[[Dolph Ziggler]] |2 |{{dts|2014|08|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=17|year1=2014|month2=09|day2=21|year2=2014}} |[[Los Angeles]], [[California|CA]] |[[SummerSlam (2014)|SummerSlam]] | rowspan="4" align="left" | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dolph Ziggler's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20140817-dolph-ziggler|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090020/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20140817-dolph-ziggler|archive-date=2014-08-19|access-date=2014-08-17|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !146 |[[The Miz]] |4 |{{dts|2014|09|21}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=21|year1=2014|month2=09|day2=22|year2=2014}} |[[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |[[Night of Champions (2014)|Night of Champions]] |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Miz's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/the-miz|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906003127/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/the-miz|archive-date=2015-09-06|access-date=2014-09-21|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !147 |[[Dolph Ziggler]] |3 |{{dts|2014|09|22}} |{{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=22|year1=2014|month2=11|day2=17|year2=2014}} |[[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis, TN]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dolph Ziggler's third reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/dolph-ziggler|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625165137/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/dolph-ziggler|archive-date=2016-06-25|access-date=2014-09-22|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !148 |[[Luke Harper]] |1 |{{dts|2014|11|17}} |{{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=17|year1=2014|month2=12|day2=14|year2=2014}} |[[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] |<ref>{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|date=2014-11-17|title=Caldwell's WWE Raw results 11/17: Complete "virtual-time" coverage of live Raw - final Survivor Series hype, main event Contract Signing, new IC champion, more|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/wwerawreport/article_81845.shtml|access-date=2014-11-18|work=Pro Wrestling Torch}}</ref> |- !149 |[[Dolph Ziggler]] |4 |{{dts|2014|12|14}} |{{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=14|year1=2014|month2=01|day2=05|year2=2015}} |[[Cleveland]], [[Ohio|OH]] |[[TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs (2014)|TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs]] | align="left" |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dolph Ziggler's fourth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20141214-dolph-ziggler|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226021446/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20141214-dolph-ziggler|archive-date=2014-12-26|access-date=2014-12-14|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !150 |[[Wade Barrett|Bad News Barrett]] |5 |{{dts|2015|1|5}} |{{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=05|year1=2015|month2=03|day2=29|year2=2015}} |[[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi, TX]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |Ziggler defeated Barrett in a singles match, but [[The Authority (professional wrestling)|The Authority's]] Director of Operations [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]] restarted the match as a [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|2-out-of-3 falls match]], which Barrett won. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Bad News Barrett's fifth reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20150105-bad-news-barrett|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003418/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20150105-bad-news-barrett|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2015-01-05|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !151 |[[Daniel Bryan]] |1 |{{dts|2015|03|29}} |{{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=29|year1=2015|month2=05|day2=11|year2=2015}} |[[Santa Clara, CA]] |[[WrestleMania 31]] | align="left" |This was a seven-man [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]], also involving [[Jon Moxley|Dean Ambrose]], [[Dolph Ziggler]], [[Luke Harper]], [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]], and [[Cody Rhodes|Stardust]]. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Daniel Bryan's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20150329-daniel-bryan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402000014/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20150329-daniel-bryan|archive-date=2015-04-02|access-date=2015-03-29|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |{{dts|2015|05|11}} |align=center|— |[[Cincinnati, OH]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | align="left" |The title was vacated because Bryan suffered a concussion. |<ref>{{cite web|last=Benigno|first=Anthony|date=2015-05-11|title=Daniel Bryan relinquished the Intercontinental Championship|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2015-05-11/wwe-raw-results-27380560/page-9|access-date=2015-05-12|publisher=WWE|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052452/http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2015-05-11/wwe-raw-results-27380560/page-9|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- !152 |[[Ryback]] |1 |{{dts|2015|05|31}} |112 |[[Corpus Christi, TX]] |[[Elimination Chamber (2015)|Elimination Chamber]] | align="left" |This was an [[Elimination Chamber|Elimination Chamber match]], also involving [[Sheamus]], [[Dolph Ziggler]], [[Mark Henry]], [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]], and [[Wade Barrett|King Barrett]]. Ryback pinned Sheamus to win the vacant title. |<ref>{{cite web|title=Ryback's first reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20150531-ryback|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119235305/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental/20150531-ryback|archive-date=2016-01-19|access-date=2015-05-31|publisher=WWE}}</ref> |- !153 |[[Kevin Owens]] |1 |September 20, 2015 |84 |[[Houston]], [[Texas|TX]] |[[Night of Champions (2015)|Night of Champions]] | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="40" |<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|title=Intercontinental Championship|language=en|newspaper=WWE|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental|access-date=2017-08-08}}</ref> |- !154 |[[Dean Ambrose]] |1 |December 13, 2015 |64 |[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts|MA]] |[[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2015)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] |- !155 |[[Kevin Owens]] |2 |February 15, 2016 |48 |[[Anaheim, California|Anaheim, CA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|Fatal Five-Way match]], also involving [[Tyler Breeze]], [[Dolph Ziggler]] and [[Cody Rhodes|Stardust.]] |- !156 |[[Zack Ryder]] |1 |April 3, 2016 |1 |[[Arlington, Texas|Arlington, TX]] |[[WrestleMania 32]] |This was a seven-man [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match,]] also involving [[The Miz]], [[Cody Rhodes|Stardust]], [[Dolph Ziggler]], [[Hunico|Sin Cara]] and [[Sami Zayn]]. |- !157 |[[The Miz]] |5 |April 4, 2016 |188 |[[Dallas]], [[Texas|TX]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |On July 19, 2016, the brand extension returned and the title became exclusive to the SmackDown brand following the 2016 WWE Draft. |- !158 |[[Dolph Ziggler]] |5 |October 9, 2016 |37 |[[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |[[No Mercy (2016)|No Mercy]] |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Stipulation matches|title vs. career match]]. Had Zigger lost, he would have been forced to retire from in-ring competition. |- !159 |[[The Miz]] |6 |November 15, 2016 |49 |[[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre, PA]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |This was the 900th episode of SmackDown. |- !160 |[[Dean Ambrose]] |2 |January 3, 2017 |152 |[[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] |On April 10, 2017, the title became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] when Ambrose was drafted there as part of the [[2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up]]. |- !161 |[[The Miz]] |7 |June 4, 2017 |169 |[[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |[[WWE Extreme Rules|Extreme Rules]] |Had Ambrose been disqualified, he would have lost the title. |- !162 |[[Roman Reigns]] |1 |November 20, 2017 |63 |[[Houston, TX]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | rowspan="2" | |- !163 |[[The Miz]] |8 |January 22, 2018 |83 |[[Brooklyn, NY]] |''[[WWE Raw#Special episodes|Raw 25 Years]]'' |- !164 |[[Seth Rollins]] |1 |April 8, 2018 |72 |[[New Orleans, LA]] |[[WrestleMania 34]] |This was a [[Triple Threat match]], also involving [[Finn Bálor]]. |- !165 |[[Dolph Ziggler]] |6 |June 18, 2018 |61 |[[Grand Rapids, MI]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | rowspan="3" | |- !166 |[[Seth Rollins]] |2 |August 19, 2018 |119 |[[Brooklyn, NY]] |[[SummerSlam (2018)|SummerSlam]] |- !167 |[[Dean Ambrose]] |3 |December 16, 2018 |29 |[[San Jose, CA]] |[[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2018)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] |- !168 |[[Bobby Lashley]] |1 |January 14, 2019 |34 |[[Memphis, TN]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |This was a [[Triple Threat match]], also involving [[Seth Rollins]] |- !169 |[[Finn Bálor]] |1 |February 17, 2019 |22 |[[Houston, TX]] |[[Elimination Chamber (2019)|Elimination Chamber]] |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|2-on-1 Handicap match]], also involving [[Lio Rush]]. Bálor pinned Rush to win the title. |- !170 |[[Bobby Lashley]] |2 |March 11, 2019 |27 |[[Pittsburgh, PA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |- !171 |[[Finn Bálor]] |2 |April 7, 2019 |98 |[[East Rutherford, NJ]] |[[WrestleMania 35]] |On April 16, 2019, the title became exclusive to the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] when Bálor was drafted there as part of the [[2019 WWE Superstar Shake-up]]. |- !172 |[[Shinsuke Nakamura]] |1 |July 14, 2019 |201 |[[Philadelphia, PA]] |[[Extreme Rules (2019)|Extreme Rules]] | rowspan="2" | |- !173 |[[Braun Strowman]] |1 |January 31, 2020 |37 |[[Tulsa, OK]] |''[[SmackDown]]'' |- !174 |[[Sami Zayn]] |1 |March 8, 2020 |{{age in days nts|month=03|day1=08|year1=2020|month2=05|day2=12|year2=2020}} |[[Philadelphia, PA]] |[[Elimination Chamber (2020)|Elimination Chamber]] |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|3-on-1 Handicap match]], also involving [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] and [[Cesaro (wrestler)|Cesaro]] who teamed with Zayn. Zayn pinned [[Braun Strowman]] to win the title. |- style="background-color:#e3e3e3" |align=center|— |[[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Vacant|Vacated]] |align=center|— |May 12, 2020 |align=center|— |align=center|— |align=center|— | align="left" |Zayn was stripped of the title after choosing not to compete during the COVID-19 pandemic. In storyline, he said that he was still be the champion, and continued to carry around his copy of the belt after his return in August. |- !175 |[[A.J. Styles|AJ Styles]] |1 |June 8, 2020 |74 | rowspan="3" |[[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]] | rowspan="2" |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |Defeated [[Bryan Danielson|Daniel Bryan]] in a tournament final for the vacant title.<br>WWE lists the start of Styles' reign on June 12, 2020, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. WWE incorrectly lists Styles' reign as lasting 71 days, ending on August 22, 2020. |- !176 |[[Jeff Hardy]] |5 |August 21, 2020 |37 | |- !177 |[[Sami Zayn]] |2 |September 27, 2020 |86 |[[Clash of Champions (2020)|Clash of Champions]] |This was a [[Triple Threat match|triple threat]] [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]] also involving [[A.J. Styles|AJ Styles]] in which the winner had to retrieve both Hardy's belt and Zayn's belt to become the undisputed champion. WWE lists the end of Zayn's reign on December 25, 2020, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |- !178 |[[Big E Langston|Big E]] |2 |December 22, 2020 |110 |[[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg, FL]] |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |WWE lists the start of Big E's reign on December 25, 2020, when the match aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |- !179 |[[Apollo Crews]] |1 |April 11, 2021 |124 |[[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] |[[WrestleMania 37]] {{small|Night 2}} |This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|Nigerian Drum Fight]]. |- !180 |[[Shinsuke Nakamura|King/Shinsuke Nakamura]] |2 |August 13, 2021 |182 |[[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa, OK]] | rowspan="4" |''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |King Nakamura was renamed back to Shinsuke Nakamura on October 8, 2021. WWE lists the end of Nakamura's reign on February 18, 2022, when the following episode aired on tape delay. |- !181 |[[Sami Zayn]] |3 |February 11, 2022 |21 |[[New Orleans|New Orleans, LA]] |WWE lists the start of Zayn's reign on February 18, 2022, when the match aired on tape delay. |- !182 |[[Ricochet (wrestler)|Ricochet]] |1 |March 4, 2022 |98 |[[Miami|Miami, FL]] | |- !183 |[[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] |1 |June 10, 2022 |666 |[[Baton Rouge, Louisiana|Baton Rouge, LA]] |This is the title's longest reign to date. On April 28, 2023, the championship became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] when Gunther was drafted there as part of the [[2023 WWE Draft]]. |- !184 |[[Sami Zayn]] |4 |April 6, 2024 |119 |[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |[[WrestleMania XL]] {{small|Night 1}} | rowspan="4" | |- !185 |[[Bron Breakker]] |1 |August 3, 2024 |{{age in days nts|August 3, 2024|September 23, 2024}} |[[Cleveland|Cleveland, OH]] |[[SummerSlam (2024)|SummerSlam]] |- !186 |[[Jey Uso]] |1 |{{dts|September 23, 2024}} |{{age in days nts|September 23, 2024|October 21, 2024}} |[[Ontario, California|Ontario, CA]] |rowspan="2"|''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |- !187 |[[Bron Breakker]] |2 |{{dts|October 21, 2024}} |{{age in days nts|October 21, 2024|April 20, 2025}} |[[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |- !188 |[[Dominik Mysterio]] |1 |{{dts|April 20, 2025}} |{{age in days nts|April 20, 2025|November 10, 2025}} |[[Paradise, NV]] |[[WrestleMania 41]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |This was a [[Fatal four-way match]], also involving [[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] and [[Finn Bálor]], whom Mysterio pinned. |- !189 |[[John Cena]] |1 |{{dts|November 10, 2025}} |19 |[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts|MA]] |''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |- !190 |[[Dominik Mysterio]] |2 |{{dts|November 29, 2025}} |{{age in days nts|November 29, 2025|March 2, 2026}} |[[San Diego, California|San Diego, CA]] |[[Survivor Series: WarGames (2025)|Survivor Series: WarGames]] |- !191 |[[Pentagón Jr.|Penta]] |1 |{{dts|March 2, 2026}} |{{age in days nts|March 2, 2026}}+ |[[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana|IN]] |[[WWE Raw|''Raw'']] |} == Combined reigns == :As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}. [[File:Jericho 9th Intercontinental Championship.jpg|thumb|upright|Record nine-time champion [[Chris Jericho]], shown here with the 2002–2011 belt design.]] [[File:Patterson IC belt.jpg|thumb|upright|First champion [[Pat Patterson]], shown here with the 2011–2019 belt design.]] {|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#ffe6bd;"|† |Is the current champion |} {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |- !Rank !Wrestler !No. of<br>reigns !Combined<br>days !Combined days<br>rec. by WWE |- !1 |{{sortname||Gunther|dab=wrestler}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 666 |- !2 |{{sortname|Pedro|Morales}} || 2 || 619 || 617 |- !3 |{{sortname|The|Miz}} || 8 || 597 || 592 |- !4 |{{sortname|Don|Muraco}} || 2 || 541 || 539 |- !5 | {{sortname|The Honky Tonk|Man}} || 1 || 454 || 453 |- !6 |{{sortname|Tito|Santana}} || 2 || 443 || 441 |- !7 |{{sortname|Razor|Ramon|Scott Hall}} || 4 || 437 || 434 |- !8 |{{sortname|The|Ultimate Warrior}} || 2 || 434 || 432 |- !9 |{{sortname|Randy|Savage}} || 1 || 414 || 413 |- !rowspan=2|10 |{{sortname|Mr.|Perfect|Curt Hennig}} || 2 || 406 || 404 |- |{{sortname|Shawn|Michaels}} || 3 || 406 || 403 |- !12 |{{sortname|Wade/Bad News|Barrett|Wade Barrett}} || 5 || 397 || 390 |- !13 ||{{sortname|Shinsuke/King|Nakamura|Shinsuke Nakamura}} || 2 || 383 || 390 |- !14 |{{sortname|Dolph|Ziggler}} || 6 || 372 || 341 |- !15 |{{sortname|Jeff|Hardy}} || 5 || 366 || 359 |- !16 |{{sortname|Shelton|Benjamin}} || 3 || 354 || 352 |- !17 |{{sortname|Rocky Maivia/The|Rock|Dwayne Johnson}} || 2 || 339 || 337 |- !18 |{{sortname|Chris|Jericho}} || 9 || 318 || 311 |- !19 |{{sortname|Jeff|Jarrett}} || 6 || 298 || 284 |- !20 |{{sortname|Dominik|Mysterio}} || 2 || colspan="2" |{{age in days|May 9, 2025|March 2, 2026}} |- !21 |{{sortname|Bret|Hart}} || 2 || 290 || 288 |- !22 |{{sortname|Greg|Valentine}} || 1 || 285 || 284 |- !23 |{{sortname||Big E (Langston)|Big E Langston}} || 2 || 277 || 272 |- !24 |{{sortname|Sami|Zayn}} || 4 || 291 || 286 |- !25 |{{sortname|Kofi|Kingston}} || 4 || 266 || 272 |- !26 |{{sortname|Cody|Rhodes}} || 2 || 257 || 254 |- !27 |{{sortname|Dean|Ambrose|Jon Moxley}} || 3 || 245 || 242 |- !28 |{{sortname|Pat|Patterson}} || 1 || 233 || 232 |- !29 |{{sortname|Bron|Breakker}} || 2 || 232 ||231 |- !30 |{{sortname|Ken|Patera}} || 1 || 231 || 230 |- !31 |{{sortname|Rob|Van Dam}} || 6 || 211 || 224 |- !32 |{{sortname|Randy|Orton}} || 1 || 210 || 209 |- !33 |{{sortname|Johnny Nitro/John|Morrison|John Morrison (wrestler)}} || 3 || 209 || 203 |- !34 |{{sortname|Hunter Hearst Helmsley/Triple|H|Triple H}} || 5 || colspan="2" | 196 |- !35 |{{sortname||Christian|Christian Cage}} || 4 ||192 |188 |- !36 |{{sortname|Seth|Rollins}} || 2 || colspan="2" |190 |- !37 |{{sortname||Edge|dab=wrestler}} || 5 ||171 |166 |- !38 |{{sortname||Goldust}} || 3 || 168 || 158 |- !39 |{{sortname|Santino|Marella}} || 2 || 162 || 160 |- !40 |{{sortname|Drew|McIntyre}} || 1 ||161 |160 |- !rowspan=2|41 |{{sortname|Curtis|Axel}} || 1 || colspan=2|155 |- |{{sortname|Ric|Flair}} || 1 || 155 || 153 |- !43 |{{sortname|Rick|Rude}} || 1 || 148 || 147 |- !44 |{{sortname|Chris|Benoit}} || 4 || 142 || 159 |- !45 |{{sortname||Diesel|Kevin Nash}} || 1 || 138 || 137 |- !rowspan=2|46 |{{sortname|Kevin|Owens}} || 2 || 132 || 131 |- |{{sortname|Owen|Hart}} || 2 || 132 || 130 |- !48 |{{sortname|Rey|Mysterio}} || 2 || 128 || 129 |- !49 |{{sortname|William|Regal}} || 2 || 126 || 124 |- !50 |{{sortname|Ken|Shamrock}} || 1 || 125 || 124 |- !51 |{{sortname|Apollo|Crews}} || 1 || 124 || 123 |- !52 |{{sortname|Finn|Bálor}} || 2 || 120 || 118 |- !53 |{{sortname||Umaga|dab=wrestler}} || 2 || 118 || 119 |- !54 |{{sortname|Eddie|Guerrero}} || 2 || 114 || 116 |- !55 |{{sortname||Ryback}} || 1 ||112 |111 |- !56 | bgcolor="#ffe6bd" |{{sortname||Penta|Pentagón Jr.}} † || 1 || colspan="2" |{{age in days|March 2, 2026}}+ |- !57 |{{sortname||Ricochet|dab=wrestler}} || 1 || colspan=2|98 |- !58 |{{sortname||Carlito|dab=wrestler}} || 1 || colspan=2|90 |- !59 |{{sortname|The Texas|Tornado|Kerry Von Erich}} || 1 ||84 |83 |- !60 |{{sortname|Val|Venis}} || 2 || 83 || 79 |- !61 |{{sortname|Roddy|Piper}} || 1 ||77 |76 |- !63 |{{sortname|AJ|Styles}} || 1 || 74 || 71 |- ! 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He was one of the most important leaders of French [[socialism]]. Jaurès entered the French parliament in 1885, at the age of 26. A great miners’ [[Strike action|strike]] in the town of [[Carmaux]] made him a socialist in 1892. In 1898, he fought to prove that Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer accused of [[treason]] (helping the enemy), was innocent. In 1904, he started the [[newspaper]] [[L'Humanité|''L’Humanité'']]. In 1905, he helped unite the French socialists in one party, the SFIO. In his last years, he fought against the danger of a great European war. A young French nationalist shot and killed him in [[Paris]] on 31 July 1914, three days before [[Germany]] declared war on France. Jaurès is one of the most honored people in French history. In 1924, his body was moved to the Panthéon, the famous building in Paris where France keeps its great men and women. Thousands of streets, squares and schools in France carry his name. He also left important written works. The main ones are a thesis in philosophy, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (printed in 1891, defended in 1892); a great history of the [[French Revolution]], the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' (1901–1904); and the book ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (1911). He also wrote several thousand newspaper articles. == Early years and studies (1859–1881) == === A childhood in the Tarn === Jean Jaurès was born in [[Castres]], a small town in the [[Tarn]], in the south of France. His family was middle-class but not rich. His father, Jules Jaurès (1819–1882), had failed in business. He lived from a small farm, La Fédial, near the town. His mother, Adélaïde Barbaza (1822–1906), was a very religious Catholic. She watched closely over the education of her two sons. The younger son, Louis (1860–1937), later became an admiral (a chief of the navy) and a deputy. Jean grew up between the town and the countryside. All his life, he kept a deep love for the south of France, for the Occitan language, and for the world of the peasants (small farmers). He never forgot their problems when he became a politician. In 1869, Jaurès entered the school of Castres with a scholarship (money given to a good student). He was a brilliant pupil. In 1876, a school inspector, Félix Deltour, was struck by his gifts. He sent the boy to Paris, to the Sainte-Barbe school, to prepare the entrance examination of the [[École normale supérieure]]. This is a famous French school that trains teachers and scholars. The same year, at sixteen, Jaurès gave his first public speech, a welcome to the prefect (the chief officer of the area). In 1878, he won the first prize of a national competition for the best speech in French. Then he came first in the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. The philosopher [[Henri Bergson]] entered the school the same year. === Student of philosophy === At the École normale supérieure, Jaurès chose philosophy. He liked this subject because it tries to understand the world as a whole. In 1881, he came third in the agrégation of philosophy, a very hard examination for future teachers, behind Paul Lesbazeilles and Bergson.<ref name="n1">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> The Republic and its free schools had opened this road to him. For this reason, he was thankful to the Republic all his life. For him, the Republic was a promise: knowledge could free the poor. == Teacher and young deputy (1881–1889) == === Teaching philosophy === In the autumn of 1881, Jaurès became a teacher at the lycée (secondary school) of [[Albi]]. He chose to stay near his family: his father was very sick and died in May 1882. His teaching was a great success. He spoke without notes and treated his students as equals. At the start of 1883, he began teaching courses at the University of [[Toulouse]]. He gave his first lecture there on 15 January. At the end of the same year, with the help of the rector Perroud, he became a lecturer there. He also taught morals at a girls’ school. In these courses, he slowly built his own philosophy of history. For Jaurès, philosophy and politics did not fight each other. They needed each other. === The youngest deputy of France === The republicans of the Tarn asked Jaurès to be a candidate in the elections of 1885. On 4 October, he was elected with a little more than half of the votes.<ref name="n2">Rioux 2005, chronology (50.9% of the votes); Duclert 2013 (Jaurès, best elected of the five republicans of the Tarn, with 48,040 votes).</ref> At 26, he was the youngest deputy of France. A deputy is a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the French parliament. He sat with the moderate republicans, not with the socialists. In March 1886, after a miners’ strike at Decazeville, he did not vote with the socialist deputies. But he worked on social questions from the start. In 1886, he proposed a law on help and pension funds for workers. In 1887, he reported on the law that created safety delegates in the mines. His first speech, in October 1886, was about schools. On 29 June 1886, Jaurès married Louise Bois, the daughter of a merchant of Albi. They had two children: Madeleine (1889–1951) and Louis (1898–1918). Louis was killed in the [[World War I|First World War]], four years after his father. Through his wife, Jaurès could use the country house of Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent almost every summer. In January 1887, he wrote his first article in ''La Dépêche'', the great republican newspaper of Toulouse. He wrote there until 1914, more than a thousand articles in all. In these years he also fought against General Boulanger, a popular soldier who was a danger for the Republic. The elections of September 1889 used a new system, with one deputy for each small district. Jaurès was a candidate in the first district of Castres. The conservatives were strong there. Their chief was Baron René Reille, the head of the Reille-Solages group, which owned the mines of Carmaux. Jaurès won a majority in the town of Castres itself. But he lost in the countryside. The conservative Léon Abrial beat him with 9,632 votes against 8,776.<ref name="n3">Duclert 2013, chapter “La défaite de Castres”; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> In the same elections, Baron Reille kept his seat, and his son-in-law, the Marquis de Solages, a director of the mining company, won the district of Carmaux. Jaurès went back to the university and to philosophy. == Becoming a socialist (1889–1893) == [[File:JauresACarmaux.jpg|thumb|The statue of Jaurès at [[Carmaux]], opened in 1923.]] === Doctor of philosophy and city politician === Back in Toulouse, Jaurès finished his two theses. He defended them at the start of 1892. The main thesis, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (On the reality of the world we can feel), says that the world around us is real and forms a living whole. The second thesis, written in Latin, looks for the roots of socialism in German philosophy, from Luther to Hegel.<ref name="n4">''De la réalité du monde sensible'', Paris, Alcan, 1891; ''De Primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte et Hegel'', Toulouse, 1891.</ref> So Jaurès first found socialism through philosophy. The fights of the workers made him a militant later. In 1890, Jaurès was elected to the city council of Toulouse. He became a deputy mayor in charge of public schools. In his articles in ''La Dépêche'', he watched the growth of the workers’ movement. He thought about the first May Day and about the soldiers who shot strikers at Fourmies in 1891. Step by step, he moved toward socialist ideas. Lucien Herr, the librarian of the École normale supérieure, helped him in this direction. He also had long talks with the socialist chief Jules Guesde. One meeting in Toulouse, in March 1892, became famous. But historians say his change was slow and gradual, not the result of one night.<ref name="n5">Scot 2014. The author tells of the Toulouse discussion of 27 March 1892, but shows that Carmaux was the real “social laboratory” of the change.</ref> === Carmaux, the school of social struggle === The mining town of Carmaux made Jaurès and the workers’ movement meet. In the city elections of 1 May 1892, the socialist list won. On 15 May, Jean-Baptiste Calvignac became mayor. Calvignac was a metal worker of the mining company and the secretary of the miners’ [[trade union]]. A trade union is a group that defends the workers. The company refused to give him free time for his work as mayor. On 2 August, it dismissed him (took away his job). For the miners, this was an attack on universal suffrage, the right of all adult men to vote. In the middle of August, the strike became general. It lasted almost three months. The government sent soldiers into the town. In ''La Dépêche'', Jaurès took the side of the miners. His argument was simple and strong. If a worker cannot be a mayor without losing his job, then paid work and the rights of the citizen cannot live together. In that case, the whole social order is wrong. The strike became a national affair. On 30 October 1892, arbitrators (outside judges chosen to end the conflict) gave their decision. Calvignac got his job back. Most strikers were taken back, except a few men found guilty of violence. In the middle of October, the Marquis de Solages, now alone politically, had resigned as deputy.<ref name="n6">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter VII; Scot 2014. See also Jaurès’s articles “Les incidents de Carmaux”, ''La Dépêche'', 29 August 1892, and “La question de principe”, ''La Dépêche'', 19 September 1892.</ref> A by-election (a special election for one empty seat) followed in January 1893. After long discussions, the socialists of Carmaux chose Jaurès as their candidate. He accepted the program of Jules Guesde’s workers’ party, which had good ideas for the farmers. In the second round, he won with about 52% of the votes. In the general elections of August 1893, he was re-elected in the first round with 59.3%.<ref name="n7">Duclert 2013, chronology (52.1% in January, 59.3% in August 1893); Scot 2014.</ref> The republican professor had become the socialist deputy of the miners, and also of many peasants. == Socialist deputy (1893–1898) == About fifty socialist deputies entered the Chamber in 1893. Jaurès quickly became one of its most listened-to speakers. He defended the public freedoms against the hard laws voted after bomb attacks by anarchists. He spoke for the peasants, the teachers and the workers. In 1895, he had a famous public debate with Paul Lafargue about history: do ideas move history, or only economic forces? Jaurès answered: both. He wanted to join the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] with the moral ideal of the French Revolution. The Tarn remained his home ground. In 1895, the glass workers of Carmaux went on strike against their employer, Eugène Rességuier. They lost. Jaurès gave them a new kind of answer: a [[cooperative]], a factory owned by the workers themselves. The Verrerie ouvrière (workers’ glassworks) of Albi opened in October 1896, paid by gifts from all over France. It became a symbol of the French cooperative movement.<ref name="n8">Rioux 2005; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> At the same time, the local men of power attacked the socialist town of Carmaux. The courts removed Calvignac from office and took away his political rights for five years. Jaurès was also one of the best experts on the problems of the farmers. In a speech of July 1897, he explained that socialism was not the enemy of the small farmer. It was his defense against money-lenders and middlemen. This care for the countryside explains part of his strong election results. On 15 March 1897, in a great speech on the [[Ottoman Empire]], he denounced the massacres of the Armenians. He accused the European powers, France among them, of letting whole peoples die for money and for good relations between states. It was one of the first great protests of this kind in the French parliament.<ref name="n9">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (speech of 15 March 1897 on the Ottoman Empire).</ref> == The Dreyfus affair (1897–1899) == === From doubt to commitment === In December 1894, a military court found Captain Alfred Dreyfus guilty of treason. Like almost everyone, Jaurès first believed that Dreyfus was guilty. He even protested in the Chamber: a simple soldier, he said, would have been shot for less. His change came in January 1898, after [[Émile Zola]] published his famous open letter “J’accuse…!”. Jaurès then denounced the illegal trial of 1894 at the tribune of the Chamber. On 22 January, a royalist deputy (a supporter of the kings), the Count de Bernis, hit him as he came down from the tribune. On 12 February, Jaurès was a witness at Zola’s trial. The defenders of Dreyfus praised his exact knowledge of the case. This fight made him almost alone among the socialists. Most of them, behind Guesde, saw the affair as a quarrel inside the middle class. Their public statement of 24 July 1898 said that the workers had nothing to do in this battle. The fight also cost Jaurès his seat. On 8 May 1898, all his enemies united behind the Marquis de Solages. Jaurès lost at Carmaux with 45% of the votes, although the socialists were growing in the whole country.<ref name="n10">Duclert 2013 (5,515 votes against 6,702 for the Marquis de Solages).</ref> In July, the university of Paris also refused him a course. He had lost his seat, his chance of a chair, and much support in his own camp. Only his pen and his voice remained. === Les Preuves (The Proofs) === Jaurès became an editor and co-director of ''La Petite République'', the main socialist newspaper of Paris. On 7 July 1898, the new war minister, Cavaignac, read documents in the Chamber. He said they proved the guilt of Dreyfus. The friends of Dreyfus felt beaten. Jaurès saw an opportunity instead: the documents were forgeries (false papers), and the case was now open again before the whole country. [[Léon Blum]] later compared his action to Zola’s “J’accuse…!”.<ref name="n11">Léon Blum, ''Souvenirs sur l’Affaire'', quoted by Duclert 2013.</ref> Jaurès gave his summer to the work. From 10 August 1898, ''La Petite République'' published his study, later printed as a book: ''Les Preuves'' (The Proofs). He showed three things. The trial of 1894 was illegal, because secret papers were shown only to the judges. The famous bordereau (the written list at the start of the case) was the work of another officer, Esterhazy. And the papers read by Cavaignac were forged. Events proved him right very fast. On 30 August, Colonel Henry confessed that he had forged the main paper. He killed himself the next day. On 26 September, the government asked the highest court to review the trial of 1894.<ref name="n12">Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013.</ref> For Jaurès, defending one innocent man was a socialist duty. Socialism fights for humanity; it cannot look away when humanity is crushed in a single person. Justice and law are not “middle-class” values; they protect the weak first. In 1899, he followed the second trial of Dreyfus at Rennes for his newspaper. The judges found the innocent man guilty again, and the president pardoned him. Jaurès did not stop. With the Dreyfus family, he worked until the full rehabilitation (the official statement of innocence) of 12 July 1906. His great speech of April 1903 in the Chamber had started this last step.<ref name="n13">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Defending the Republic (1899–1904) == === The Millerand question === In June 1899, at the top of the nationalist crisis, Waldeck-Rousseau formed a government of “republican defense”: its goal was to protect the Republic against its enemies. A socialist, [[Alexandre Millerand]], became a minister in it, next to General de Galliffet, an old enemy of the workers. It was the first time a socialist entered a “middle-class” government. The socialists were deeply divided about it. Jaurès defended the choice: when the Republic is in danger, the workers must save it, because the Republic makes all future progress possible. In December 1899, a general congress of the socialist groups met in Paris, at the salle Japy. It voted two opposite texts. One said that a socialist must never enter a government of this kind. The other accepted it in special cases, under the control of the party.<ref name="n14">Scot 2014. The motion of Guesde passed by 818 votes against 634; the motion of the commission by 1,140 against 240.</ref> In November 1900, at Lille, Jaurès and Guesde debated “the two methods” before thousands of militants: step-by-step conquest of reforms, or pure waiting for the revolution. The split followed. Guesde and his allies formed one party (1901); Jaurès and his friends another (1902). For Jaurès, the results justified the risk. As minister, Millerand shortened the working day, opened the labor council to workers’ delegates, and prepared workers’ [[pension]]s. Waldeck-Rousseau pushed the employers of Le Creusot to negotiate during the big strikes.<ref name="n15">Duclert 2013.</ref> Above all, the Republic was saved from the nationalist attack. === In the left-wing bloc === Re-elected at Carmaux in April 1902, Jaurès became a pillar of the left-wing majority that supported the government of Émile Combes. In January 1903, the deputies elected him vice-president of the Chamber. He put his talent at the service of the secular school (the public school without religion) and of the control of religious orders (religious groups like monks and nuns). On 30 July 1903, at the prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, he gave his “Speech to the youth”. It holds one of his most famous sentences: “Courage is to look for the truth and to tell it”.<ref name="n16">Jean Jaurès, “Discours à la jeunesse”, prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, 30 July 1903.</ref> These years were also years of writing. Jaurès directed the ''Histoire socialiste (1789–1900)'', a collective history in thirteen volumes (1901–1908). He himself wrote the volumes on the French Revolution, the story of the war of 1870–1871, and the conclusion. The book was based on long research in archives. It told the Revolution through economic and social life, and gave a voice to the common people. It had a lasting influence on historians.<ref name="n17">Rioux 2005. The work was re-edited by Albert Mathiez (1922–1924), then by Albert Soboul (Éditions sociales, 1968–1973).</ref> Jaurès played a leading part on the road to the separation of the churches and the state. In May 1904, ''L’Humanité'', his new newspaper, printed a secret note of protest sent by the [[Pope]] to the European governments against the visit of President Loubet to Rome. The scandal broke the relations between France and [[Vatican City|the Vatican]].<ref name="n18">Candar and Duclert 2014. Prince Albert I of Monaco gave the note to the newspaper.</ref> Separation became certain. With [[Aristide Briand]], Jaurès supported a liberal separation, which respected freedom of belief. He helped pass article 4, in April 1905, which made the law workable and peaceful.<ref name="n19">Rioux 2005, chronology (22 April 1905).</ref> The Chamber passed the law on 3 July. The Senate gave its final approval on 6 December. The law was officially published on 9 December 1905. == L’Humanité and socialist unity (1904–1905) == [[File:L'Humanité 18-04-1904.jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of the first issue of ''L’Humanité'' (18 April 1904).]] === A new newspaper === The first issue of ''L’Humanité'' appeared on 18 April 1904, with Jaurès as director. Lucien Herr found the name. Friends and progressive citizens, among them the philosopher Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, gave the starting money, about 850,000 francs.<ref name="n20">Candar and Duclert 2014. The details of the starting money are still not fully known.</ref> In his first editorial, “Notre but” (Our goal), Jaurès wrote that the paper would give free minds full and exact information, so that they could judge the world themselves. He explained the title: humanity “does not yet exist, or hardly exists”, and the socialists work to make it real.<ref name="n21">Jean Jaurès, “Notre but”, ''L’Humanité'', 18 April 1904.</ref> People joked that it was “the newspaper of the seventeen agrégés”, because so many of its writers were scholars. The first issue sold 130,000 copies. Then sales fell badly. From 1907, the paper found its balance, around 60,000 to 70,000 copies, and it grew again before the war.<ref name="n22">Candar and Duclert 2014 (130,000 copies at the start, fewer than 30,000 in October 1906, 60,000 to 70,000 from 1907).</ref> Jaurès wrote an article in it almost every day until his death. === From Amsterdam to the salle du Globe === In August 1904, the congress of the [[Second International|Socialist International]] met in Amsterdam. For hours, Jaurès defended the French policy of republican defense before August Bebel and Karl Kautsky, the German leaders. The Republic, he said, is a conquest of the people; it deserved to be saved. The majority voted against him. The congress adopted the text of Dresden. It said again that socialists must not enter such governments, and it asked the French socialists to unite in one party of class struggle (the open fight between workers and owners).<ref name="n23">Duclert 2013; Rioux 2005.</ref> Jaurès accepted the decision. For him, unity now came first. At the start of 1905, he broke with the left-wing bloc. His old reformist friends, Millerand, Briand and Viviani, refused the discipline of the new party and stayed out. The delegates of the rival parties met in Paris, at the salle du Globe, from 23 April 1905. They founded the Parti socialiste, Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), proclaimed on 25 April.<ref name="n24">Scot 2014; Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013. The sources differ a little on the exact dates of the congress.</ref> Jaurès obtained freedom for the local groups of the party (the federations) and a small central organization. At first, the strictest groups kept him out of the leadership. Their paper, ''Le Socialiste'', became the official organ of the party, not ''L’Humanité''. This did not last. Through his speeches, his paper and his work in the congresses, Jaurès slowly became the real leader of the united party. The congress of Toulouse, in 1908, confirmed it: his great speech on reform and revolution won over almost all the militants.<ref name="n25">Rioux 2005 (“Éloge de la réforme”); Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> These were also years of hard personal fights. In December 1904, after a quarrel with the nationalist Paul Déroulède, Jaurès fought a pistol duel with him near the Spanish border. Nobody was hit. At the start of 1905, he led a campaign in ''L’Humanité'' for the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|first Russian revolution]]. In May 1905, he debated with Gustave Hervé about the socialist and the fatherland. In July, the German chancellor Bülow forbade a speech he was to give in Berlin. The text, on the friendship of peoples, appeared the same day in ''L’Humanité'' and in the German socialist paper ''Vorwärts''.<ref name="n26">Rioux 2005, chronology; Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Leader of the socialists (1906–1911) == In May 1906, Jaurès kept his seat at Carmaux by a small majority. The SFIO now had 51 deputies. In June 1906, he had a famous debate in the Chamber with [[Georges Clemenceau]] about radicalism and socialism. Jaurès said: the Republic will be complete only when liberty and equality also rule the economy. In October 1906, the CGT, the main trade union group, declared itself independent from all parties (the Charter of Amiens). Jaurès chose respect and dialogue, not control. The SFIO accepted this independence at its congress of Limoges, and ''L’Humanité'' opened a column to the CGT. In the social conflicts of these years, Jaurès always stood with the workers. He supported the revolt of the southern wine-growers in 1907. He protested against the repression at Draveil and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges in 1908, and against the arrest of the CGT leaders. He attacked the government of Briand for breaking the railway strike of 1910. The same year, against Guesde, he made his party support the new law on workers’ and peasants’ pensions.<ref name="n27">Rioux 2005, chronology (congress of Nîmes, February 1910).</ref> His method stayed the same: win real reforms now, without giving up the full change of society. Colonial questions took a growing place in his speeches. As a young man, he had accepted the common idea of a French “civilizing mission”. Later, he became one of the strongest critics of colonial conquest. In 1908, he denounced killings by the French army in [[Morocco]], and angry deputies almost stopped him from speaking. He attacked the companies that received giant lands in Africa or controlled the mines of Algeria. In June 1912, he fought the treaty that made Morocco a French protectorate (a country controlled by France). For him, colonial conquest was unjust to the colonized peoples and dangerous for peace in Europe. But his criticism stayed inside the ideas of his time. He attacked the methods of conquest, not the principle of a French presence overseas. Historians do not call him an anticolonialist in the later sense of the word. In 1910, he was re-elected with a comfortable majority, and the SFIO rose to 76 deputies. Inside the party, Jaurès held no official post. But he acted as a tireless mediator (peace-maker) between the different groups of the party. In 1911, the newspaper received a new structure. The party, the unions and the cooperatives entered its board, and Jaurès remained political director. He had become, in the words of the historian Jean-Pierre Rioux, the implicit but uncontested leader of French socialism.<ref name="n28">Rioux 2005, chapter “L’homme-orchestre”; on the reorganization of 1911, Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> From July to October 1911, he made a lecture tour in [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]], a sign that people now listened to him far beyond Europe. == Private life == People who knew Jaurès describe a simple man, careless about his clothes, short and heavy. His power lay in his speech and in his exceptional memory. He was a great reader and lived modestly. Most of his money came from his pen. His family life was divided between Paris and Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent his summers. His wife Louise remained a religious Catholic and raised the children in her faith. In July 1901, their daughter Madeleine made her first communion. Other socialists attacked Jaurès violently for this. He answered that freedom of belief began in his own home. He would not force his ideas on his family, as others forced their faith. He himself had left the Catholic religion of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. Sad events marked his last years: the death of his mother in 1906, and the birth of a grandson with a severe disability. Several biographers note a part of melancholy (quiet sadness) under his public optimism.<ref name="n29">Duclert 2013, on the “secret melancholy” of these years.</ref> == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == * Candar (Gilles) and Duclert (Vincent), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Fayard, 2014. (The main scholarly biography.) * Duclert (Vincent), ''Jaurès 1859-1914. La politique et la légende'', Paris, Autrement, 2013. (A short study of his life and of his legend.) * Lalouette (Jacqueline), ''Jean Jaurès. L’assassinat, la gloire, le souvenir'', Paris, Perrin, 2014. (A book about his murder, the trial of his killer and his memory.) * Rioux (Jean-Pierre), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Perrin, 2005. (A clear short biography.) * Scot (Jean-Paul), ''Jaurès et le réformisme révolutionnaire'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. (A study of his political ideas.) * Jaurès (Jean), ''Œuvres'', Paris, Fayard, scholarly edition in progress since 2000. (His collected works.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaures, Jean}} [[Category:French politicians]] [[Category:French journalists]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:Assassinated French politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from Occitanie]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in France]] [[Category:Social democrats]] [[Category:1859 births]] [[Category:1914 deaths]] [[Category:People from Tarn]] g5v5cuyj8871om04abewaiv23c2q4n8 10882934 10882933 2026-06-10T04:53:55Z PandaMystique 1817766 /* Private life */ 10882934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jean Jaurès | image = Jean Jaurès, par Nadar, 1898.jpg | caption = Jaurès in 1898 (photograph by Nadar) | office = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start = 1902 | term_end = 1914 | office2 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start2 = 1893 | term_end2 = 1898 | office3 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start3 = 1885 | term_end3 = 1889 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|9|3|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Castres]], [[France]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|7|31|1859|9|3|df=y}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = Panthéon, Paris | party = SFIO (1905–1914) | spouse = Louise Bois (married 1886) | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure]] | occupation = Politician, philosopher, journalist, historian }} '''Jean Jaurès''' (3 September 1859 – 31 July 1914) was a [[France|French]] politician, [[philosopher]] (a person who studies ideas), [[journalist]] and [[historian]]. He was one of the most important leaders of French [[socialism]]. Jaurès entered the French parliament in 1885, at the age of 26. A great miners’ [[Strike action|strike]] in the town of [[Carmaux]] made him a socialist in 1892. In 1898, he fought to prove that Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer accused of [[treason]] (helping the enemy), was innocent. In 1904, he started the [[newspaper]] [[L'Humanité|''L’Humanité'']]. In 1905, he helped unite the French socialists in one party, the SFIO. In his last years, he fought against the danger of a great European war. A young French nationalist shot and killed him in [[Paris]] on 31 July 1914, three days before [[Germany]] declared war on France. Jaurès is one of the most honored people in French history. In 1924, his body was moved to the Panthéon, the famous building in Paris where France keeps its great men and women. Thousands of streets, squares and schools in France carry his name. He also left important written works. The main ones are a thesis in philosophy, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (printed in 1891, defended in 1892); a great history of the [[French Revolution]], the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' (1901–1904); and the book ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (1911). He also wrote several thousand newspaper articles. == Early years and studies (1859–1881) == === A childhood in the Tarn === Jean Jaurès was born in [[Castres]], a small town in the [[Tarn]], in the south of France. His family was middle-class but not rich. His father, Jules Jaurès (1819–1882), had failed in business. He lived from a small farm, La Fédial, near the town. His mother, Adélaïde Barbaza (1822–1906), was a very religious Catholic. She watched closely over the education of her two sons. The younger son, Louis (1860–1937), later became an admiral (a chief of the navy) and a deputy. Jean grew up between the town and the countryside. All his life, he kept a deep love for the south of France, for the Occitan language, and for the world of the peasants (small farmers). He never forgot their problems when he became a politician. In 1869, Jaurès entered the school of Castres with a scholarship (money given to a good student). He was a brilliant pupil. In 1876, a school inspector, Félix Deltour, was struck by his gifts. He sent the boy to Paris, to the Sainte-Barbe school, to prepare the entrance examination of the [[École normale supérieure]]. This is a famous French school that trains teachers and scholars. The same year, at sixteen, Jaurès gave his first public speech, a welcome to the prefect (the chief officer of the area). In 1878, he won the first prize of a national competition for the best speech in French. Then he came first in the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. The philosopher [[Henri Bergson]] entered the school the same year. === Student of philosophy === At the École normale supérieure, Jaurès chose philosophy. He liked this subject because it tries to understand the world as a whole. In 1881, he came third in the agrégation of philosophy, a very hard examination for future teachers, behind Paul Lesbazeilles and Bergson.<ref name="n1">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> The Republic and its free schools had opened this road to him. For this reason, he was thankful to the Republic all his life. For him, the Republic was a promise: knowledge could free the poor. == Teacher and young deputy (1881–1889) == === Teaching philosophy === In the autumn of 1881, Jaurès became a teacher at the lycée (secondary school) of [[Albi]]. He chose to stay near his family: his father was very sick and died in May 1882. His teaching was a great success. He spoke without notes and treated his students as equals. At the start of 1883, he began teaching courses at the University of [[Toulouse]]. He gave his first lecture there on 15 January. At the end of the same year, with the help of the rector Perroud, he became a lecturer there. He also taught morals at a girls’ school. In these courses, he slowly built his own philosophy of history. For Jaurès, philosophy and politics did not fight each other. They needed each other. === The youngest deputy of France === The republicans of the Tarn asked Jaurès to be a candidate in the elections of 1885. On 4 October, he was elected with a little more than half of the votes.<ref name="n2">Rioux 2005, chronology (50.9% of the votes); Duclert 2013 (Jaurès, best elected of the five republicans of the Tarn, with 48,040 votes).</ref> At 26, he was the youngest deputy of France. A deputy is a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the French parliament. He sat with the moderate republicans, not with the socialists. In March 1886, after a miners’ strike at Decazeville, he did not vote with the socialist deputies. But he worked on social questions from the start. In 1886, he proposed a law on help and pension funds for workers. In 1887, he reported on the law that created safety delegates in the mines. His first speech, in October 1886, was about schools. On 29 June 1886, Jaurès married Louise Bois, the daughter of a merchant of Albi. They had two children: Madeleine (1889–1951) and Louis (1898–1918). Louis was killed in the [[World War I|First World War]], four years after his father. Through his wife, Jaurès could use the country house of Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent almost every summer. In January 1887, he wrote his first article in ''La Dépêche'', the great republican newspaper of Toulouse. He wrote there until 1914, more than a thousand articles in all. In these years he also fought against General Boulanger, a popular soldier who was a danger for the Republic. The elections of September 1889 used a new system, with one deputy for each small district. Jaurès was a candidate in the first district of Castres. The conservatives were strong there. Their chief was Baron René Reille, the head of the Reille-Solages group, which owned the mines of Carmaux. Jaurès won a majority in the town of Castres itself. But he lost in the countryside. The conservative Léon Abrial beat him with 9,632 votes against 8,776.<ref name="n3">Duclert 2013, chapter “La défaite de Castres”; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> In the same elections, Baron Reille kept his seat, and his son-in-law, the Marquis de Solages, a director of the mining company, won the district of Carmaux. Jaurès went back to the university and to philosophy. == Becoming a socialist (1889–1893) == [[File:JauresACarmaux.jpg|thumb|The statue of Jaurès at [[Carmaux]], opened in 1923.]] === Doctor of philosophy and city politician === Back in Toulouse, Jaurès finished his two theses. He defended them at the start of 1892. The main thesis, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (On the reality of the world we can feel), says that the world around us is real and forms a living whole. The second thesis, written in Latin, looks for the roots of socialism in German philosophy, from Luther to Hegel.<ref name="n4">''De la réalité du monde sensible'', Paris, Alcan, 1891; ''De Primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte et Hegel'', Toulouse, 1891.</ref> So Jaurès first found socialism through philosophy. The fights of the workers made him a militant later. In 1890, Jaurès was elected to the city council of Toulouse. He became a deputy mayor in charge of public schools. In his articles in ''La Dépêche'', he watched the growth of the workers’ movement. He thought about the first May Day and about the soldiers who shot strikers at Fourmies in 1891. Step by step, he moved toward socialist ideas. Lucien Herr, the librarian of the École normale supérieure, helped him in this direction. He also had long talks with the socialist chief Jules Guesde. One meeting in Toulouse, in March 1892, became famous. But historians say his change was slow and gradual, not the result of one night.<ref name="n5">Scot 2014. The author tells of the Toulouse discussion of 27 March 1892, but shows that Carmaux was the real “social laboratory” of the change.</ref> === Carmaux, the school of social struggle === The mining town of Carmaux made Jaurès and the workers’ movement meet. In the city elections of 1 May 1892, the socialist list won. On 15 May, Jean-Baptiste Calvignac became mayor. Calvignac was a metal worker of the mining company and the secretary of the miners’ [[trade union]]. A trade union is a group that defends the workers. The company refused to give him free time for his work as mayor. On 2 August, it dismissed him (took away his job). For the miners, this was an attack on universal suffrage, the right of all adult men to vote. In the middle of August, the strike became general. It lasted almost three months. The government sent soldiers into the town. In ''La Dépêche'', Jaurès took the side of the miners. His argument was simple and strong. If a worker cannot be a mayor without losing his job, then paid work and the rights of the citizen cannot live together. In that case, the whole social order is wrong. The strike became a national affair. On 30 October 1892, arbitrators (outside judges chosen to end the conflict) gave their decision. Calvignac got his job back. Most strikers were taken back, except a few men found guilty of violence. In the middle of October, the Marquis de Solages, now alone politically, had resigned as deputy.<ref name="n6">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter VII; Scot 2014. See also Jaurès’s articles “Les incidents de Carmaux”, ''La Dépêche'', 29 August 1892, and “La question de principe”, ''La Dépêche'', 19 September 1892.</ref> A by-election (a special election for one empty seat) followed in January 1893. After long discussions, the socialists of Carmaux chose Jaurès as their candidate. He accepted the program of Jules Guesde’s workers’ party, which had good ideas for the farmers. In the second round, he won with about 52% of the votes. In the general elections of August 1893, he was re-elected in the first round with 59.3%.<ref name="n7">Duclert 2013, chronology (52.1% in January, 59.3% in August 1893); Scot 2014.</ref> The republican professor had become the socialist deputy of the miners, and also of many peasants. == Socialist deputy (1893–1898) == About fifty socialist deputies entered the Chamber in 1893. Jaurès quickly became one of its most listened-to speakers. He defended the public freedoms against the hard laws voted after bomb attacks by anarchists. He spoke for the peasants, the teachers and the workers. In 1895, he had a famous public debate with Paul Lafargue about history: do ideas move history, or only economic forces? Jaurès answered: both. He wanted to join the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] with the moral ideal of the French Revolution. The Tarn remained his home ground. In 1895, the glass workers of Carmaux went on strike against their employer, Eugène Rességuier. They lost. Jaurès gave them a new kind of answer: a [[cooperative]], a factory owned by the workers themselves. The Verrerie ouvrière (workers’ glassworks) of Albi opened in October 1896, paid by gifts from all over France. It became a symbol of the French cooperative movement.<ref name="n8">Rioux 2005; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> At the same time, the local men of power attacked the socialist town of Carmaux. The courts removed Calvignac from office and took away his political rights for five years. Jaurès was also one of the best experts on the problems of the farmers. In a speech of July 1897, he explained that socialism was not the enemy of the small farmer. It was his defense against money-lenders and middlemen. This care for the countryside explains part of his strong election results. On 15 March 1897, in a great speech on the [[Ottoman Empire]], he denounced the massacres of the Armenians. He accused the European powers, France among them, of letting whole peoples die for money and for good relations between states. It was one of the first great protests of this kind in the French parliament.<ref name="n9">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (speech of 15 March 1897 on the Ottoman Empire).</ref> == The Dreyfus affair (1897–1899) == === From doubt to commitment === In December 1894, a military court found Captain Alfred Dreyfus guilty of treason. Like almost everyone, Jaurès first believed that Dreyfus was guilty. He even protested in the Chamber: a simple soldier, he said, would have been shot for less. His change came in January 1898, after [[Émile Zola]] published his famous open letter “J’accuse…!”. Jaurès then denounced the illegal trial of 1894 at the tribune of the Chamber. On 22 January, a royalist deputy (a supporter of the kings), the Count de Bernis, hit him as he came down from the tribune. On 12 February, Jaurès was a witness at Zola’s trial. The defenders of Dreyfus praised his exact knowledge of the case. This fight made him almost alone among the socialists. Most of them, behind Guesde, saw the affair as a quarrel inside the middle class. Their public statement of 24 July 1898 said that the workers had nothing to do in this battle. The fight also cost Jaurès his seat. On 8 May 1898, all his enemies united behind the Marquis de Solages. Jaurès lost at Carmaux with 45% of the votes, although the socialists were growing in the whole country.<ref name="n10">Duclert 2013 (5,515 votes against 6,702 for the Marquis de Solages).</ref> In July, the university of Paris also refused him a course. He had lost his seat, his chance of a chair, and much support in his own camp. Only his pen and his voice remained. === Les Preuves (The Proofs) === Jaurès became an editor and co-director of ''La Petite République'', the main socialist newspaper of Paris. On 7 July 1898, the new war minister, Cavaignac, read documents in the Chamber. He said they proved the guilt of Dreyfus. The friends of Dreyfus felt beaten. Jaurès saw an opportunity instead: the documents were forgeries (false papers), and the case was now open again before the whole country. [[Léon Blum]] later compared his action to Zola’s “J’accuse…!”.<ref name="n11">Léon Blum, ''Souvenirs sur l’Affaire'', quoted by Duclert 2013.</ref> Jaurès gave his summer to the work. From 10 August 1898, ''La Petite République'' published his study, later printed as a book: ''Les Preuves'' (The Proofs). He showed three things. The trial of 1894 was illegal, because secret papers were shown only to the judges. The famous bordereau (the written list at the start of the case) was the work of another officer, Esterhazy. And the papers read by Cavaignac were forged. Events proved him right very fast. On 30 August, Colonel Henry confessed that he had forged the main paper. He killed himself the next day. On 26 September, the government asked the highest court to review the trial of 1894.<ref name="n12">Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013.</ref> For Jaurès, defending one innocent man was a socialist duty. Socialism fights for humanity; it cannot look away when humanity is crushed in a single person. Justice and law are not “middle-class” values; they protect the weak first. In 1899, he followed the second trial of Dreyfus at Rennes for his newspaper. The judges found the innocent man guilty again, and the president pardoned him. Jaurès did not stop. With the Dreyfus family, he worked until the full rehabilitation (the official statement of innocence) of 12 July 1906. His great speech of April 1903 in the Chamber had started this last step.<ref name="n13">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Defending the Republic (1899–1904) == === The Millerand question === In June 1899, at the top of the nationalist crisis, Waldeck-Rousseau formed a government of “republican defense”: its goal was to protect the Republic against its enemies. A socialist, [[Alexandre Millerand]], became a minister in it, next to General de Galliffet, an old enemy of the workers. It was the first time a socialist entered a “middle-class” government. The socialists were deeply divided about it. Jaurès defended the choice: when the Republic is in danger, the workers must save it, because the Republic makes all future progress possible. In December 1899, a general congress of the socialist groups met in Paris, at the salle Japy. It voted two opposite texts. One said that a socialist must never enter a government of this kind. The other accepted it in special cases, under the control of the party.<ref name="n14">Scot 2014. The motion of Guesde passed by 818 votes against 634; the motion of the commission by 1,140 against 240.</ref> In November 1900, at Lille, Jaurès and Guesde debated “the two methods” before thousands of militants: step-by-step conquest of reforms, or pure waiting for the revolution. The split followed. Guesde and his allies formed one party (1901); Jaurès and his friends another (1902). For Jaurès, the results justified the risk. As minister, Millerand shortened the working day, opened the labor council to workers’ delegates, and prepared workers’ [[pension]]s. Waldeck-Rousseau pushed the employers of Le Creusot to negotiate during the big strikes.<ref name="n15">Duclert 2013.</ref> Above all, the Republic was saved from the nationalist attack. === In the left-wing bloc === Re-elected at Carmaux in April 1902, Jaurès became a pillar of the left-wing majority that supported the government of Émile Combes. In January 1903, the deputies elected him vice-president of the Chamber. He put his talent at the service of the secular school (the public school without religion) and of the control of religious orders (religious groups like monks and nuns). On 30 July 1903, at the prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, he gave his “Speech to the youth”. It holds one of his most famous sentences: “Courage is to look for the truth and to tell it”.<ref name="n16">Jean Jaurès, “Discours à la jeunesse”, prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, 30 July 1903.</ref> These years were also years of writing. Jaurès directed the ''Histoire socialiste (1789–1900)'', a collective history in thirteen volumes (1901–1908). He himself wrote the volumes on the French Revolution, the story of the war of 1870–1871, and the conclusion. The book was based on long research in archives. It told the Revolution through economic and social life, and gave a voice to the common people. It had a lasting influence on historians.<ref name="n17">Rioux 2005. The work was re-edited by Albert Mathiez (1922–1924), then by Albert Soboul (Éditions sociales, 1968–1973).</ref> Jaurès played a leading part on the road to the separation of the churches and the state. In May 1904, ''L’Humanité'', his new newspaper, printed a secret note of protest sent by the [[Pope]] to the European governments against the visit of President Loubet to Rome. The scandal broke the relations between France and [[Vatican City|the Vatican]].<ref name="n18">Candar and Duclert 2014. Prince Albert I of Monaco gave the note to the newspaper.</ref> Separation became certain. With [[Aristide Briand]], Jaurès supported a liberal separation, which respected freedom of belief. He helped pass article 4, in April 1905, which made the law workable and peaceful.<ref name="n19">Rioux 2005, chronology (22 April 1905).</ref> The Chamber passed the law on 3 July. The Senate gave its final approval on 6 December. The law was officially published on 9 December 1905. == L’Humanité and socialist unity (1904–1905) == [[File:L'Humanité 18-04-1904.jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of the first issue of ''L’Humanité'' (18 April 1904).]] === A new newspaper === The first issue of ''L’Humanité'' appeared on 18 April 1904, with Jaurès as director. Lucien Herr found the name. Friends and progressive citizens, among them the philosopher Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, gave the starting money, about 850,000 francs.<ref name="n20">Candar and Duclert 2014. The details of the starting money are still not fully known.</ref> In his first editorial, “Notre but” (Our goal), Jaurès wrote that the paper would give free minds full and exact information, so that they could judge the world themselves. He explained the title: humanity “does not yet exist, or hardly exists”, and the socialists work to make it real.<ref name="n21">Jean Jaurès, “Notre but”, ''L’Humanité'', 18 April 1904.</ref> People joked that it was “the newspaper of the seventeen agrégés”, because so many of its writers were scholars. The first issue sold 130,000 copies. Then sales fell badly. From 1907, the paper found its balance, around 60,000 to 70,000 copies, and it grew again before the war.<ref name="n22">Candar and Duclert 2014 (130,000 copies at the start, fewer than 30,000 in October 1906, 60,000 to 70,000 from 1907).</ref> Jaurès wrote an article in it almost every day until his death. === From Amsterdam to the salle du Globe === In August 1904, the congress of the [[Second International|Socialist International]] met in Amsterdam. For hours, Jaurès defended the French policy of republican defense before August Bebel and Karl Kautsky, the German leaders. The Republic, he said, is a conquest of the people; it deserved to be saved. The majority voted against him. The congress adopted the text of Dresden. It said again that socialists must not enter such governments, and it asked the French socialists to unite in one party of class struggle (the open fight between workers and owners).<ref name="n23">Duclert 2013; Rioux 2005.</ref> Jaurès accepted the decision. For him, unity now came first. At the start of 1905, he broke with the left-wing bloc. His old reformist friends, Millerand, Briand and Viviani, refused the discipline of the new party and stayed out. The delegates of the rival parties met in Paris, at the salle du Globe, from 23 April 1905. They founded the Parti socialiste, Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), proclaimed on 25 April.<ref name="n24">Scot 2014; Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013. The sources differ a little on the exact dates of the congress.</ref> Jaurès obtained freedom for the local groups of the party (the federations) and a small central organization. At first, the strictest groups kept him out of the leadership. Their paper, ''Le Socialiste'', became the official organ of the party, not ''L’Humanité''. This did not last. Through his speeches, his paper and his work in the congresses, Jaurès slowly became the real leader of the united party. The congress of Toulouse, in 1908, confirmed it: his great speech on reform and revolution won over almost all the militants.<ref name="n25">Rioux 2005 (“Éloge de la réforme”); Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> These were also years of hard personal fights. In December 1904, after a quarrel with the nationalist Paul Déroulède, Jaurès fought a pistol duel with him near the Spanish border. Nobody was hit. At the start of 1905, he led a campaign in ''L’Humanité'' for the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|first Russian revolution]]. In May 1905, he debated with Gustave Hervé about the socialist and the fatherland. In July, the German chancellor Bülow forbade a speech he was to give in Berlin. The text, on the friendship of peoples, appeared the same day in ''L’Humanité'' and in the German socialist paper ''Vorwärts''.<ref name="n26">Rioux 2005, chronology; Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Leader of the socialists (1906–1911) == In May 1906, Jaurès kept his seat at Carmaux by a small majority. The SFIO now had 51 deputies. In June 1906, he had a famous debate in the Chamber with [[Georges Clemenceau]] about radicalism and socialism. Jaurès said: the Republic will be complete only when liberty and equality also rule the economy. In October 1906, the CGT, the main trade union group, declared itself independent from all parties (the Charter of Amiens). Jaurès chose respect and dialogue, not control. The SFIO accepted this independence at its congress of Limoges, and ''L’Humanité'' opened a column to the CGT. In the social conflicts of these years, Jaurès always stood with the workers. He supported the revolt of the southern wine-growers in 1907. He protested against the repression at Draveil and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges in 1908, and against the arrest of the CGT leaders. He attacked the government of Briand for breaking the railway strike of 1910. The same year, against Guesde, he made his party support the new law on workers’ and peasants’ pensions.<ref name="n27">Rioux 2005, chronology (congress of Nîmes, February 1910).</ref> His method stayed the same: win real reforms now, without giving up the full change of society. Colonial questions took a growing place in his speeches. As a young man, he had accepted the common idea of a French “civilizing mission”. Later, he became one of the strongest critics of colonial conquest. In 1908, he denounced killings by the French army in [[Morocco]], and angry deputies almost stopped him from speaking. He attacked the companies that received giant lands in Africa or controlled the mines of Algeria. In June 1912, he fought the treaty that made Morocco a French protectorate (a country controlled by France). For him, colonial conquest was unjust to the colonized peoples and dangerous for peace in Europe. But his criticism stayed inside the ideas of his time. He attacked the methods of conquest, not the principle of a French presence overseas. Historians do not call him an anticolonialist in the later sense of the word. In 1910, he was re-elected with a comfortable majority, and the SFIO rose to 76 deputies. Inside the party, Jaurès held no official post. But he acted as a tireless mediator (peace-maker) between the different groups of the party. In 1911, the newspaper received a new structure. The party, the unions and the cooperatives entered its board, and Jaurès remained political director. He had become, in the words of the historian Jean-Pierre Rioux, the implicit but uncontested leader of French socialism.<ref name="n28">Rioux 2005, chapter “L’homme-orchestre”; on the reorganization of 1911, Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> From July to October 1911, he made a lecture tour in [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]], a sign that people now listened to him far beyond Europe. == Private life == People who knew Jaurès describe a simple man, careless about his clothes, short and heavy. His power lay in his speech and in his exceptional memory. He was a great reader and lived modestly. Most of his money came from his pen. His family life was divided between Paris and Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent his summers. His wife Louise remained a religious Catholic and raised the children in her faith. In July 1901, their daughter Madeleine made her first communion. Other socialists attacked Jaurès violently for this. He answered that freedom of belief began in his own home. He would not force his ideas on his family, as others forced their faith. He himself had left the Catholic religion of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. Sad events marked his last years: the death of his mother in 1906, and the birth of a grandson with a severe disability. Several biographers note a part of melancholy (quiet sadness) under his public optimism.<ref name="n29">Duclert 2013, on the “secret melancholy” of these years.</ref> == The fight against war (1905–1914) == [[File:25-5-13, manifestation du Pré-Saint-Gervais contre les trois ans, discours de Mr Jaurès - btv1b69253126.jpg|thumb|Jaurès speaks against the three-year army law at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, on 25 May 1913.]] === L’Armée nouvelle (The New Army) === In 1905, the German emperor’s visit to Tangier opened the first crisis over Morocco between France and Germany. From then on, peace stood at the center of Jaurès’s action. He was not against the defense of the country. Against Gustave Hervé, who preached revolt rather than war, he said that the workers have a fatherland, and that the nation, home of democracy, deserves defense. But only a defensive war is just. He put these ideas into a book, ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (The New Army). He presented it as a bill (a proposed law) in November 1910 and published it in April 1911. He proposed a citizen army built on the reserves, like in Switzerland, with short training, new officers, and a defensive strategy. The welcome was cold, even on the left: the CGT and the Guesdists found the book too military.<ref name="n30">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter on ''L’Armée nouvelle''.</ref> The book became useful again in 1913, and the World War later proved several of its ideas right, for example about a long war and the value of reserve soldiers. === From Basel to the three-year law === In the Socialist International, Jaurès worked to turn words into commitments. At the congress of Stuttgart, in 1907, he and Édouard Vaillant made the congress ask the workers of all countries to use every means to stop war. In November 1912, while war burned in the Balkans, an extraordinary congress met at Basel, in [[Switzerland]]. The Protestant church lent its cathedral. From its pulpit, Jaurès gave a famous appeal for peace, built on [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]]’s poem “The Song of the Bell”.<ref name="n31">Scot 2014, who quotes the appeal built on the ''Song of the Bell''; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> But the congress decided no precise common action, and Jaurès worried more and more about the German party. In France, the year 1913 was filled by the fight against the new army law. The government wanted to raise military service from two years to three, because Germany was making its army much bigger. Jaurès saw in it a heavy and useless burden, which avoided the real reform of the army. He answered with the plan of ''L’Armée nouvelle'', spoke again and again in the Chamber, and held meetings all over the country. On 25 May 1913, at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, he spoke before about 150,000 people. A national petition collected 700,000 signatures.<ref name="n32">Scot 2014.</ref> The law passed anyway, on 19 July 1913. The nationalist press now attacked Jaurès with very great violence. It called him the man of Germany and a traitor. In April 1914, the voters answered: Jaurès was re-elected with more than 58% of the votes, and the SFIO won over one hundred seats, its best result ever.<ref name="n33">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (58% of the votes; 102 SFIO deputies out of 601 seats).</ref> === July 1914 === On 28 June 1914, the heir to the throne of [[Austria-Hungary]] (the next in line to be emperor) was murdered at [[Sarajevo]]. Jaurès watched the European crisis grow worse. In the middle of July, the congress of the SFIO voted his idea: an international general strike of the workers, to force the governments to let outside judges settle the conflict. On 25 July, at Vaise, near Lyon, where he supported the candidate Marius Moutet, he explained the shared responsibilities of the powers. Europe, he warned, stood at the edge of disaster.<ref name="n34">Candar and Duclert 2014; Lalouette 2014 (on the text of the Vaise speech).</ref> On 29 and 30 July, he was in [[Brussels]] for an urgent meeting of the International Socialist Bureau. In Brussels, on the evening of 29 July, he spoke at the Cirque royal before thousands of people. The German socialist Hugo Haase spoke before him against the policy of Austria. Jaurès gave a speech that many witnesses described later with strong emotion. When the leaders signed their common statement, Haase embraced Jaurès. It was the last image of the unity of the International. Its next congress, moved from Vienna to Paris for 9 August, never met.<ref name="n35">Jean Stengers, “Le dernier discours de Jaurès”, discussed in Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter I.</ref> Back in Paris, on 31 July, Jaurès led a socialist delegation to the foreign ministry. The under-secretary Abel Ferry received them. Jaurès pressed the government to do everything to keep the peace.<ref name="n36">Duclert 2013, from the testimony of Abel Ferry.</ref> For the next day, he planned a great article on the responsibilities of the crisis. That same morning, ''L’Humanité'' had printed his last article, “Sang-froid nécessaire” (Calm is necessary). == The assassination (31 July 1914) == [[File:L'Humanité 1914-08-01 (Jaurès assassiné).jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of ''L’Humanité'' of 1 August 1914 announces the murder of Jaurès.]] For months, part of the nationalist press had pointed at Jaurès with very great violence, almost calling for his death. In the fever of the last days of July 1914, these calls found a hand. On 31 July 1914, at about 9:40 in the evening, Jaurès had dinner with his co-workers at the Café du Croissant, rue Montmartre, close to his newspaper. He sat with his back to the open window. Only a curtain separated him from the street. Two revolver shots were fired at him almost point-blank. One bullet hit his head. He died within moments.<ref name="n37">Lalouette 2014, chapter I; Duclert 2013.</ref> The killer was arrested at once. His name was Raoul Villain, a nationalist of twenty-eight, a member of the League of the young friends of Alsace-Lorraine and a reader of the nationalist press. Its campaigns had taught him to see Jaurès as the traitor who would hand France to Germany. At the police station, he explained his act by Jaurès’s fight against the three-year law. The investigation later showed planning: Villain had bought a second gun the day before, had asked questions at the door of ''L’Humanité'', and had already watched the café on the evening of 30 July.<ref name="n38">Lalouette 2014, chapter II. Villain gave his identity at the police station: “aged 28, born 19 September 1885 in Reims”.</ref> The news caused very strong emotion in the whole country. The government was afraid of riots just before the mobilization (the call of all soldiers to the army). So it honored the dead man. The workers’ organizations had lost their main voice for peace. They could not stop the war. Strangely, his death even helped the national unity of August 1914, which the French called the “union sacrée”, even though Jaurès had fought for peace. France called up its soldiers on 1 August. Germany declared war on 3 August. On 4 August, at the funeral in Paris, Vaillant, the union leader Jouhaux and the prime minister Viviani spoke. In the Chamber, its president Paul Deschanel called Jaurès the martyr of his ideas, and all the deputies stood. He was buried on 5 August at Albi. The trial of Raoul Villain was delayed during the whole war. It opened in March 1919 before the court of the Seine. The defense said Villain was unbalanced. The investigation left dark points, for example about his money. On 29 March 1919, the jury declared him not guilty. The vote of a jury is secret; the press reported that only one juror had voted against.<ref name="n39">Lalouette 2014, chapters III and IV. The vote of the jury is secret; the single dissenting juror rests on reports in the press.</ref> The widow of Jaurès even had to pay the costs of the trial. The verdict caused protest far beyond the left. On 6 April 1919, a huge march crossed Paris.<ref name="n40">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> Villain later lived in [[Spain]], on the island of Ibiza. Members of a republican militia (an armed group) killed him there in 1936, at the start of the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish civil war]].<ref name="n41">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> == Memory == [[File:15-3-25, Castres, inauguration du monument Jaurès - btv1b53143825v.jpg|thumb|The opening of the Jaurès monument at [[Castres]], 15 March 1925.]] Jaurès entered legend almost at once. On 23 November 1924, under a left-wing government, his body was moved to the Panthéon. Two funeral marches followed it, one official and one communist. The heritage of Jaurès had already become a prize in the fight between socialists and communists, the two parties born from the split of 1920.<ref name="n42">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology; Duclert 2013.</ref> ''L’Humanité'', now the paper of the Communist Party, and the SFIO of Léon Blum both claimed to continue his fight. In the 1930s, the “neosocialists” of Marcel Déat also claimed his name, before they moved toward collaboration with the Nazis; Blum had to defend the memory of the founder.<ref name="n43">Duclert 2013, chapter “Entre ‘néosocialisme’ et ‘révolution intégrale’”.</ref> In 1936, the Popular Front celebrated its victory in his name. Monuments came early. A society of friends of Jaurès appeared in 1916. The first public monuments rose in 1921. Carmaux opened its monument in 1923, with the writer [[Anatole France]]; Castres followed in 1925, Toulouse in 1929. In 1992, the Fondation Jean-Jaurès was created, with Pierre Mauroy as president. On 21 May 1981, the day he took office, President [[François Mitterrand]] laid a rose on the tomb of Jaurès in the Panthéon. Thousands of streets, squares, schools and metro stations carry his name. Today, politicians of almost all parties claim Jaurès, sometimes with very free readings that historians correct. The scientific study of Jaurès is organized around the Société d’études jaurésiennes, founded in 1959, one hundred years after his birth. Ernest Labrousse led it first, then Madeleine Rebérioux from 1982 to 2005. The national center and museum Jean-Jaurès opened at Castres in 1988. Since 2000, the publisher Fayard prints a complete scholarly edition of his works. The years 2009 (150 years after his birth) and 2014 (100 years after his death) brought many ceremonies of memory and new research.<ref name="n44">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == His ideas and his works == === The philosopher === Jaurès always looked for synthesis, the union of ideas that seem opposed. For him, philosophy and action never stood apart. His thesis describes the world as one living whole. For Jaurès, the world is not dead matter only. Human thought is part of the life of the world, and continues its movement. From this came his deepest belief: the ideal of justice is not a dream laid over the world from outside. It is a force already at work inside it. So ideas and the economic forces of history do not have to fight each other. === The socialism of the Republic === From Marx, whom he had studied closely, Jaurès took the analysis of class struggle and the weight of the economy. But he refused to make the economy the only cause of history. In his debate of 1895 with Lafargue, he showed that moral ideas, born from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, have a force of their own in history.<ref name="n45">Jean Jaurès and Paul Lafargue, “Idéalisme et matérialisme dans la conception de l’histoire”, public debate, 1895; Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> For him, socialism completes the Republic. It extends the power of the citizen to the economy, through the common ownership of the great tools of production, like factories, mines and railways. He gave the road to it a name: “revolutionary evolution”. It means: win majorities in free elections, gather reforms one after the other, and organize the workers, instead of taking power by violence.<ref name="n46">On this “method” of “revolutionary evolution”, see Scot 2014.</ref> This made him a special kind of reformist, who never gave up the goal of a fully changed society. Socialists who followed Marx more strictly said he believed too much in ideas. The revolutionary trade unionists said he believed too much in parliament. Yet in his last ten years, he was the most listened-to leader of French socialism and one of the great voices of the International. === Secularism and religion === [[Secularism]] stood at the heart of his action. Secularism is the rule that the state and the churches must be separate. A son of the republican school and a constant friend of the teachers, Jaurès saw it as a guarantee of freedom, not as a weapon against religion. This explains his support for a liberal separation in 1905, and his great speech of January 1910 for the secular school. He had left the faith of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. A long text on religion and socialism, unpublished in his lifetime, shows this lasting question: socialism, he thought, would have to answer the spiritual needs of humanity in another way than the churches.<ref name="n47">“Pour la laïque”, speech in the Chamber, January 1910; Jean Jaurès, ''La Question religieuse et le socialisme'', text edited by Michel Launay, Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1959.</ref> === The nation, the International and the colonies === Some people said: you must choose between your country and the International. Jaurès answered: the two go together. The nation is the historical home where the workers win their rights. The International is the tool that must keep the nations out of war. ''L’Armée nouvelle'' says it in a famous sentence: “A little internationalism takes one away from the fatherland; much internationalism brings one back to it. A little patriotism takes one away from the International; much patriotism brings one back to it.”<ref name="n48">Jean Jaurès, ''L’Armée nouvelle'', Paris, Jules Rouff, 1911.</ref> His position on the colonies shows the same tension: he believed in ideas good for all people, but he criticized rule by force over other peoples. He started from the common belief in a civilizing mission. He ended as a strong critic of the violence of conquest, of the hunt for quick money, and of the dangers of war between the powers. But he never rejected colonization itself as a principle. === The historian === His work as a historian was also important. He wrote the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' mainly between 1898 and 1903, after long work in archives. Its ambition was new: tell the Revolution through economic and social life, give the people a voice as actors, and measure the early hopes of material equality. The word “socialist” in the title shocked many scholars; even Alphonse Aulard, the first professor of the history of the Revolution, criticized it. Later historians judged otherwise. Albert Mathiez and then Albert Soboul re-edited the work. It is now seen as the founding book of the social history of the French Revolution. In 1903, on Jaurès’s proposal, the parliament also created a commission to publish the economic documents of the Revolution; it worked for decades.<ref name="n49">Rioux 2005, who reports the criticism of Alphonse Aulard (1902) and the analysis of Mona Ozouf on the word “socialist”.</ref> === The orator and the journalist === In the memory of the French, Jaurès keeps a special place among the great speakers of the Third Republic. He had a powerful voice and a vast culture, used without notes. He could lift every debate toward general principles. Witnesses also said that he knew every file exactly. So his speeches were proofs as much as flights of words. As a journalist, he wrote almost every day for nearly thirty years. He wrote in ''La Dépêche'', in ''La Petite République'' and in ''L’Humanité''. These several thousand articles form one of the largest bodies of press writing of his time. == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == * Candar (Gilles) and Duclert (Vincent), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Fayard, 2014. (The main scholarly biography.) * Duclert (Vincent), ''Jaurès 1859-1914. La politique et la légende'', Paris, Autrement, 2013. (A short study of his life and of his legend.) * Lalouette (Jacqueline), ''Jean Jaurès. L’assassinat, la gloire, le souvenir'', Paris, Perrin, 2014. (A book about his murder, the trial of his killer and his memory.) * Rioux (Jean-Pierre), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Perrin, 2005. (A clear short biography.) * Scot (Jean-Paul), ''Jaurès et le réformisme révolutionnaire'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. (A study of his political ideas.) * Jaurès (Jean), ''Œuvres'', Paris, Fayard, scholarly edition in progress since 2000. (His collected works.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaures, Jean}} [[Category:French politicians]] [[Category:French journalists]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:Assassinated French politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from Occitanie]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in France]] [[Category:Social democrats]] [[Category:1859 births]] [[Category:1914 deaths]] [[Category:People from Tarn]] 2ap6rd8aq6pryigcln9ak67pog9j61x 10882937 10882934 2026-06-10T04:56:56Z PandaMystique 1817766 /* The orator and the journalist */ 10882937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jean Jaurès | image = Jean Jaurès, par Nadar, 1898.jpg | caption = Jaurès in 1898 (photograph by Nadar) | office = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start = 1902 | term_end = 1914 | office2 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start2 = 1893 | term_end2 = 1898 | office3 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start3 = 1885 | term_end3 = 1889 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|9|3|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Castres]], [[France]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|7|31|1859|9|3|df=y}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = Panthéon, Paris | party = SFIO (1905–1914) | spouse = Louise Bois (married 1886) | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure]] | occupation = Politician, philosopher, journalist, historian }} '''Jean Jaurès''' (3 September 1859 – 31 July 1914) was a [[France|French]] politician, [[philosopher]] (a person who studies ideas), [[journalist]] and [[historian]]. He was one of the most important leaders of French [[socialism]]. Jaurès entered the French parliament in 1885, at the age of 26. A great miners’ [[Strike action|strike]] in the town of [[Carmaux]] made him a socialist in 1892. In 1898, he fought to prove that Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer accused of [[treason]] (helping the enemy), was innocent. In 1904, he started the [[newspaper]] [[L'Humanité|''L’Humanité'']]. In 1905, he helped unite the French socialists in one party, the SFIO. In his last years, he fought against the danger of a great European war. A young French nationalist shot and killed him in [[Paris]] on 31 July 1914, three days before [[Germany]] declared war on France. Jaurès is one of the most honored people in French history. In 1924, his body was moved to the Panthéon, the famous building in Paris where France keeps its great men and women. Thousands of streets, squares and schools in France carry his name. He also left important written works. The main ones are a thesis in philosophy, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (printed in 1891, defended in 1892); a great history of the [[French Revolution]], the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' (1901–1904); and the book ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (1911). He also wrote several thousand newspaper articles. == Early years and studies (1859–1881) == === A childhood in the Tarn === Jean Jaurès was born in [[Castres]], a small town in the [[Tarn]], in the south of France. His family was middle-class but not rich. His father, Jules Jaurès (1819–1882), had failed in business. He lived from a small farm, La Fédial, near the town. His mother, Adélaïde Barbaza (1822–1906), was a very religious Catholic. She watched closely over the education of her two sons. The younger son, Louis (1860–1937), later became an admiral (a chief of the navy) and a deputy. Jean grew up between the town and the countryside. All his life, he kept a deep love for the south of France, for the Occitan language, and for the world of the peasants (small farmers). He never forgot their problems when he became a politician. In 1869, Jaurès entered the school of Castres with a scholarship (money given to a good student). He was a brilliant pupil. In 1876, a school inspector, Félix Deltour, was struck by his gifts. He sent the boy to Paris, to the Sainte-Barbe school, to prepare the entrance examination of the [[École normale supérieure]]. This is a famous French school that trains teachers and scholars. The same year, at sixteen, Jaurès gave his first public speech, a welcome to the prefect (the chief officer of the area). In 1878, he won the first prize of a national competition for the best speech in French. Then he came first in the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. The philosopher [[Henri Bergson]] entered the school the same year. === Student of philosophy === At the École normale supérieure, Jaurès chose philosophy. He liked this subject because it tries to understand the world as a whole. In 1881, he came third in the agrégation of philosophy, a very hard examination for future teachers, behind Paul Lesbazeilles and Bergson.<ref name="n1">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> The Republic and its free schools had opened this road to him. For this reason, he was thankful to the Republic all his life. For him, the Republic was a promise: knowledge could free the poor. == Teacher and young deputy (1881–1889) == === Teaching philosophy === In the autumn of 1881, Jaurès became a teacher at the lycée (secondary school) of [[Albi]]. He chose to stay near his family: his father was very sick and died in May 1882. His teaching was a great success. He spoke without notes and treated his students as equals. At the start of 1883, he began teaching courses at the University of [[Toulouse]]. He gave his first lecture there on 15 January. At the end of the same year, with the help of the rector Perroud, he became a lecturer there. He also taught morals at a girls’ school. In these courses, he slowly built his own philosophy of history. For Jaurès, philosophy and politics did not fight each other. They needed each other. === The youngest deputy of France === The republicans of the Tarn asked Jaurès to be a candidate in the elections of 1885. On 4 October, he was elected with a little more than half of the votes.<ref name="n2">Rioux 2005, chronology (50.9% of the votes); Duclert 2013 (Jaurès, best elected of the five republicans of the Tarn, with 48,040 votes).</ref> At 26, he was the youngest deputy of France. A deputy is a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the French parliament. He sat with the moderate republicans, not with the socialists. In March 1886, after a miners’ strike at Decazeville, he did not vote with the socialist deputies. But he worked on social questions from the start. In 1886, he proposed a law on help and pension funds for workers. In 1887, he reported on the law that created safety delegates in the mines. His first speech, in October 1886, was about schools. On 29 June 1886, Jaurès married Louise Bois, the daughter of a merchant of Albi. They had two children: Madeleine (1889–1951) and Louis (1898–1918). Louis was killed in the [[World War I|First World War]], four years after his father. Through his wife, Jaurès could use the country house of Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent almost every summer. In January 1887, he wrote his first article in ''La Dépêche'', the great republican newspaper of Toulouse. He wrote there until 1914, more than a thousand articles in all. In these years he also fought against General Boulanger, a popular soldier who was a danger for the Republic. The elections of September 1889 used a new system, with one deputy for each small district. Jaurès was a candidate in the first district of Castres. The conservatives were strong there. Their chief was Baron René Reille, the head of the Reille-Solages group, which owned the mines of Carmaux. Jaurès won a majority in the town of Castres itself. But he lost in the countryside. The conservative Léon Abrial beat him with 9,632 votes against 8,776.<ref name="n3">Duclert 2013, chapter “La défaite de Castres”; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> In the same elections, Baron Reille kept his seat, and his son-in-law, the Marquis de Solages, a director of the mining company, won the district of Carmaux. Jaurès went back to the university and to philosophy. == Becoming a socialist (1889–1893) == [[File:JauresACarmaux.jpg|thumb|The statue of Jaurès at [[Carmaux]], opened in 1923.]] === Doctor of philosophy and city politician === Back in Toulouse, Jaurès finished his two theses. He defended them at the start of 1892. The main thesis, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (On the reality of the world we can feel), says that the world around us is real and forms a living whole. The second thesis, written in Latin, looks for the roots of socialism in German philosophy, from Luther to Hegel.<ref name="n4">''De la réalité du monde sensible'', Paris, Alcan, 1891; ''De Primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte et Hegel'', Toulouse, 1891.</ref> So Jaurès first found socialism through philosophy. The fights of the workers made him a militant later. In 1890, Jaurès was elected to the city council of Toulouse. He became a deputy mayor in charge of public schools. In his articles in ''La Dépêche'', he watched the growth of the workers’ movement. He thought about the first May Day and about the soldiers who shot strikers at Fourmies in 1891. Step by step, he moved toward socialist ideas. Lucien Herr, the librarian of the École normale supérieure, helped him in this direction. He also had long talks with the socialist chief Jules Guesde. One meeting in Toulouse, in March 1892, became famous. But historians say his change was slow and gradual, not the result of one night.<ref name="n5">Scot 2014. The author tells of the Toulouse discussion of 27 March 1892, but shows that Carmaux was the real “social laboratory” of the change.</ref> === Carmaux, the school of social struggle === The mining town of Carmaux made Jaurès and the workers’ movement meet. In the city elections of 1 May 1892, the socialist list won. On 15 May, Jean-Baptiste Calvignac became mayor. Calvignac was a metal worker of the mining company and the secretary of the miners’ [[trade union]]. A trade union is a group that defends the workers. The company refused to give him free time for his work as mayor. On 2 August, it dismissed him (took away his job). For the miners, this was an attack on universal suffrage, the right of all adult men to vote. In the middle of August, the strike became general. It lasted almost three months. The government sent soldiers into the town. In ''La Dépêche'', Jaurès took the side of the miners. His argument was simple and strong. If a worker cannot be a mayor without losing his job, then paid work and the rights of the citizen cannot live together. In that case, the whole social order is wrong. The strike became a national affair. On 30 October 1892, arbitrators (outside judges chosen to end the conflict) gave their decision. Calvignac got his job back. Most strikers were taken back, except a few men found guilty of violence. In the middle of October, the Marquis de Solages, now alone politically, had resigned as deputy.<ref name="n6">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter VII; Scot 2014. See also Jaurès’s articles “Les incidents de Carmaux”, ''La Dépêche'', 29 August 1892, and “La question de principe”, ''La Dépêche'', 19 September 1892.</ref> A by-election (a special election for one empty seat) followed in January 1893. After long discussions, the socialists of Carmaux chose Jaurès as their candidate. He accepted the program of Jules Guesde’s workers’ party, which had good ideas for the farmers. In the second round, he won with about 52% of the votes. In the general elections of August 1893, he was re-elected in the first round with 59.3%.<ref name="n7">Duclert 2013, chronology (52.1% in January, 59.3% in August 1893); Scot 2014.</ref> The republican professor had become the socialist deputy of the miners, and also of many peasants. == Socialist deputy (1893–1898) == About fifty socialist deputies entered the Chamber in 1893. Jaurès quickly became one of its most listened-to speakers. He defended the public freedoms against the hard laws voted after bomb attacks by anarchists. He spoke for the peasants, the teachers and the workers. In 1895, he had a famous public debate with Paul Lafargue about history: do ideas move history, or only economic forces? Jaurès answered: both. He wanted to join the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] with the moral ideal of the French Revolution. The Tarn remained his home ground. In 1895, the glass workers of Carmaux went on strike against their employer, Eugène Rességuier. They lost. Jaurès gave them a new kind of answer: a [[cooperative]], a factory owned by the workers themselves. The Verrerie ouvrière (workers’ glassworks) of Albi opened in October 1896, paid by gifts from all over France. It became a symbol of the French cooperative movement.<ref name="n8">Rioux 2005; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> At the same time, the local men of power attacked the socialist town of Carmaux. The courts removed Calvignac from office and took away his political rights for five years. Jaurès was also one of the best experts on the problems of the farmers. In a speech of July 1897, he explained that socialism was not the enemy of the small farmer. It was his defense against money-lenders and middlemen. This care for the countryside explains part of his strong election results. On 15 March 1897, in a great speech on the [[Ottoman Empire]], he denounced the massacres of the Armenians. He accused the European powers, France among them, of letting whole peoples die for money and for good relations between states. It was one of the first great protests of this kind in the French parliament.<ref name="n9">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (speech of 15 March 1897 on the Ottoman Empire).</ref> == The Dreyfus affair (1897–1899) == === From doubt to commitment === In December 1894, a military court found Captain Alfred Dreyfus guilty of treason. Like almost everyone, Jaurès first believed that Dreyfus was guilty. He even protested in the Chamber: a simple soldier, he said, would have been shot for less. His change came in January 1898, after [[Émile Zola]] published his famous open letter “J’accuse…!”. Jaurès then denounced the illegal trial of 1894 at the tribune of the Chamber. On 22 January, a royalist deputy (a supporter of the kings), the Count de Bernis, hit him as he came down from the tribune. On 12 February, Jaurès was a witness at Zola’s trial. The defenders of Dreyfus praised his exact knowledge of the case. This fight made him almost alone among the socialists. Most of them, behind Guesde, saw the affair as a quarrel inside the middle class. Their public statement of 24 July 1898 said that the workers had nothing to do in this battle. The fight also cost Jaurès his seat. On 8 May 1898, all his enemies united behind the Marquis de Solages. Jaurès lost at Carmaux with 45% of the votes, although the socialists were growing in the whole country.<ref name="n10">Duclert 2013 (5,515 votes against 6,702 for the Marquis de Solages).</ref> In July, the university of Paris also refused him a course. He had lost his seat, his chance of a chair, and much support in his own camp. Only his pen and his voice remained. === Les Preuves (The Proofs) === Jaurès became an editor and co-director of ''La Petite République'', the main socialist newspaper of Paris. On 7 July 1898, the new war minister, Cavaignac, read documents in the Chamber. He said they proved the guilt of Dreyfus. The friends of Dreyfus felt beaten. Jaurès saw an opportunity instead: the documents were forgeries (false papers), and the case was now open again before the whole country. [[Léon Blum]] later compared his action to Zola’s “J’accuse…!”.<ref name="n11">Léon Blum, ''Souvenirs sur l’Affaire'', quoted by Duclert 2013.</ref> Jaurès gave his summer to the work. From 10 August 1898, ''La Petite République'' published his study, later printed as a book: ''Les Preuves'' (The Proofs). He showed three things. The trial of 1894 was illegal, because secret papers were shown only to the judges. The famous bordereau (the written list at the start of the case) was the work of another officer, Esterhazy. And the papers read by Cavaignac were forged. Events proved him right very fast. On 30 August, Colonel Henry confessed that he had forged the main paper. He killed himself the next day. On 26 September, the government asked the highest court to review the trial of 1894.<ref name="n12">Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013.</ref> For Jaurès, defending one innocent man was a socialist duty. Socialism fights for humanity; it cannot look away when humanity is crushed in a single person. Justice and law are not “middle-class” values; they protect the weak first. In 1899, he followed the second trial of Dreyfus at Rennes for his newspaper. The judges found the innocent man guilty again, and the president pardoned him. Jaurès did not stop. With the Dreyfus family, he worked until the full rehabilitation (the official statement of innocence) of 12 July 1906. His great speech of April 1903 in the Chamber had started this last step.<ref name="n13">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Defending the Republic (1899–1904) == === The Millerand question === In June 1899, at the top of the nationalist crisis, Waldeck-Rousseau formed a government of “republican defense”: its goal was to protect the Republic against its enemies. A socialist, [[Alexandre Millerand]], became a minister in it, next to General de Galliffet, an old enemy of the workers. It was the first time a socialist entered a “middle-class” government. The socialists were deeply divided about it. Jaurès defended the choice: when the Republic is in danger, the workers must save it, because the Republic makes all future progress possible. In December 1899, a general congress of the socialist groups met in Paris, at the salle Japy. It voted two opposite texts. One said that a socialist must never enter a government of this kind. The other accepted it in special cases, under the control of the party.<ref name="n14">Scot 2014. The motion of Guesde passed by 818 votes against 634; the motion of the commission by 1,140 against 240.</ref> In November 1900, at Lille, Jaurès and Guesde debated “the two methods” before thousands of militants: step-by-step conquest of reforms, or pure waiting for the revolution. The split followed. Guesde and his allies formed one party (1901); Jaurès and his friends another (1902). For Jaurès, the results justified the risk. As minister, Millerand shortened the working day, opened the labor council to workers’ delegates, and prepared workers’ [[pension]]s. Waldeck-Rousseau pushed the employers of Le Creusot to negotiate during the big strikes.<ref name="n15">Duclert 2013.</ref> Above all, the Republic was saved from the nationalist attack. === In the left-wing bloc === Re-elected at Carmaux in April 1902, Jaurès became a pillar of the left-wing majority that supported the government of Émile Combes. In January 1903, the deputies elected him vice-president of the Chamber. He put his talent at the service of the secular school (the public school without religion) and of the control of religious orders (religious groups like monks and nuns). On 30 July 1903, at the prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, he gave his “Speech to the youth”. It holds one of his most famous sentences: “Courage is to look for the truth and to tell it”.<ref name="n16">Jean Jaurès, “Discours à la jeunesse”, prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, 30 July 1903.</ref> These years were also years of writing. Jaurès directed the ''Histoire socialiste (1789–1900)'', a collective history in thirteen volumes (1901–1908). He himself wrote the volumes on the French Revolution, the story of the war of 1870–1871, and the conclusion. The book was based on long research in archives. It told the Revolution through economic and social life, and gave a voice to the common people. It had a lasting influence on historians.<ref name="n17">Rioux 2005. The work was re-edited by Albert Mathiez (1922–1924), then by Albert Soboul (Éditions sociales, 1968–1973).</ref> Jaurès played a leading part on the road to the separation of the churches and the state. In May 1904, ''L’Humanité'', his new newspaper, printed a secret note of protest sent by the [[Pope]] to the European governments against the visit of President Loubet to Rome. The scandal broke the relations between France and [[Vatican City|the Vatican]].<ref name="n18">Candar and Duclert 2014. Prince Albert I of Monaco gave the note to the newspaper.</ref> Separation became certain. With [[Aristide Briand]], Jaurès supported a liberal separation, which respected freedom of belief. He helped pass article 4, in April 1905, which made the law workable and peaceful.<ref name="n19">Rioux 2005, chronology (22 April 1905).</ref> The Chamber passed the law on 3 July. The Senate gave its final approval on 6 December. The law was officially published on 9 December 1905. == L’Humanité and socialist unity (1904–1905) == [[File:L'Humanité 18-04-1904.jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of the first issue of ''L’Humanité'' (18 April 1904).]] === A new newspaper === The first issue of ''L’Humanité'' appeared on 18 April 1904, with Jaurès as director. Lucien Herr found the name. Friends and progressive citizens, among them the philosopher Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, gave the starting money, about 850,000 francs.<ref name="n20">Candar and Duclert 2014. The details of the starting money are still not fully known.</ref> In his first editorial, “Notre but” (Our goal), Jaurès wrote that the paper would give free minds full and exact information, so that they could judge the world themselves. He explained the title: humanity “does not yet exist, or hardly exists”, and the socialists work to make it real.<ref name="n21">Jean Jaurès, “Notre but”, ''L’Humanité'', 18 April 1904.</ref> People joked that it was “the newspaper of the seventeen agrégés”, because so many of its writers were scholars. The first issue sold 130,000 copies. Then sales fell badly. From 1907, the paper found its balance, around 60,000 to 70,000 copies, and it grew again before the war.<ref name="n22">Candar and Duclert 2014 (130,000 copies at the start, fewer than 30,000 in October 1906, 60,000 to 70,000 from 1907).</ref> Jaurès wrote an article in it almost every day until his death. === From Amsterdam to the salle du Globe === In August 1904, the congress of the [[Second International|Socialist International]] met in Amsterdam. For hours, Jaurès defended the French policy of republican defense before August Bebel and Karl Kautsky, the German leaders. The Republic, he said, is a conquest of the people; it deserved to be saved. The majority voted against him. The congress adopted the text of Dresden. It said again that socialists must not enter such governments, and it asked the French socialists to unite in one party of class struggle (the open fight between workers and owners).<ref name="n23">Duclert 2013; Rioux 2005.</ref> Jaurès accepted the decision. For him, unity now came first. At the start of 1905, he broke with the left-wing bloc. His old reformist friends, Millerand, Briand and Viviani, refused the discipline of the new party and stayed out. The delegates of the rival parties met in Paris, at the salle du Globe, from 23 April 1905. They founded the Parti socialiste, Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), proclaimed on 25 April.<ref name="n24">Scot 2014; Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013. The sources differ a little on the exact dates of the congress.</ref> Jaurès obtained freedom for the local groups of the party (the federations) and a small central organization. At first, the strictest groups kept him out of the leadership. Their paper, ''Le Socialiste'', became the official organ of the party, not ''L’Humanité''. This did not last. Through his speeches, his paper and his work in the congresses, Jaurès slowly became the real leader of the united party. The congress of Toulouse, in 1908, confirmed it: his great speech on reform and revolution won over almost all the militants.<ref name="n25">Rioux 2005 (“Éloge de la réforme”); Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> These were also years of hard personal fights. In December 1904, after a quarrel with the nationalist Paul Déroulède, Jaurès fought a pistol duel with him near the Spanish border. Nobody was hit. At the start of 1905, he led a campaign in ''L’Humanité'' for the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|first Russian revolution]]. In May 1905, he debated with Gustave Hervé about the socialist and the fatherland. In July, the German chancellor Bülow forbade a speech he was to give in Berlin. The text, on the friendship of peoples, appeared the same day in ''L’Humanité'' and in the German socialist paper ''Vorwärts''.<ref name="n26">Rioux 2005, chronology; Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Leader of the socialists (1906–1911) == In May 1906, Jaurès kept his seat at Carmaux by a small majority. The SFIO now had 51 deputies. In June 1906, he had a famous debate in the Chamber with [[Georges Clemenceau]] about radicalism and socialism. Jaurès said: the Republic will be complete only when liberty and equality also rule the economy. In October 1906, the CGT, the main trade union group, declared itself independent from all parties (the Charter of Amiens). Jaurès chose respect and dialogue, not control. The SFIO accepted this independence at its congress of Limoges, and ''L’Humanité'' opened a column to the CGT. In the social conflicts of these years, Jaurès always stood with the workers. He supported the revolt of the southern wine-growers in 1907. He protested against the repression at Draveil and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges in 1908, and against the arrest of the CGT leaders. He attacked the government of Briand for breaking the railway strike of 1910. The same year, against Guesde, he made his party support the new law on workers’ and peasants’ pensions.<ref name="n27">Rioux 2005, chronology (congress of Nîmes, February 1910).</ref> His method stayed the same: win real reforms now, without giving up the full change of society. Colonial questions took a growing place in his speeches. As a young man, he had accepted the common idea of a French “civilizing mission”. Later, he became one of the strongest critics of colonial conquest. In 1908, he denounced killings by the French army in [[Morocco]], and angry deputies almost stopped him from speaking. He attacked the companies that received giant lands in Africa or controlled the mines of Algeria. In June 1912, he fought the treaty that made Morocco a French protectorate (a country controlled by France). For him, colonial conquest was unjust to the colonized peoples and dangerous for peace in Europe. But his criticism stayed inside the ideas of his time. He attacked the methods of conquest, not the principle of a French presence overseas. Historians do not call him an anticolonialist in the later sense of the word. In 1910, he was re-elected with a comfortable majority, and the SFIO rose to 76 deputies. Inside the party, Jaurès held no official post. But he acted as a tireless mediator (peace-maker) between the different groups of the party. In 1911, the newspaper received a new structure. The party, the unions and the cooperatives entered its board, and Jaurès remained political director. He had become, in the words of the historian Jean-Pierre Rioux, the implicit but uncontested leader of French socialism.<ref name="n28">Rioux 2005, chapter “L’homme-orchestre”; on the reorganization of 1911, Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> From July to October 1911, he made a lecture tour in [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]], a sign that people now listened to him far beyond Europe. == Private life == People who knew Jaurès describe a simple man, careless about his clothes, short and heavy. His power lay in his speech and in his exceptional memory. He was a great reader and lived modestly. Most of his money came from his pen. His family life was divided between Paris and Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent his summers. His wife Louise remained a religious Catholic and raised the children in her faith. In July 1901, their daughter Madeleine made her first communion. Other socialists attacked Jaurès violently for this. He answered that freedom of belief began in his own home. He would not force his ideas on his family, as others forced their faith. He himself had left the Catholic religion of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. Sad events marked his last years: the death of his mother in 1906, and the birth of a grandson with a severe disability. Several biographers note a part of melancholy (quiet sadness) under his public optimism.<ref name="n29">Duclert 2013, on the “secret melancholy” of these years.</ref> == The fight against war (1905–1914) == [[File:25-5-13, manifestation du Pré-Saint-Gervais contre les trois ans, discours de Mr Jaurès - btv1b69253126.jpg|thumb|Jaurès speaks against the three-year army law at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, on 25 May 1913.]] === L’Armée nouvelle (The New Army) === In 1905, the German emperor’s visit to Tangier opened the first crisis over Morocco between France and Germany. From then on, peace stood at the center of Jaurès’s action. He was not against the defense of the country. Against Gustave Hervé, who preached revolt rather than war, he said that the workers have a fatherland, and that the nation, home of democracy, deserves defense. But only a defensive war is just. He put these ideas into a book, ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (The New Army). He presented it as a bill (a proposed law) in November 1910 and published it in April 1911. He proposed a citizen army built on the reserves, like in Switzerland, with short training, new officers, and a defensive strategy. The welcome was cold, even on the left: the CGT and the Guesdists found the book too military.<ref name="n30">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter on ''L’Armée nouvelle''.</ref> The book became useful again in 1913, and the World War later proved several of its ideas right, for example about a long war and the value of reserve soldiers. === From Basel to the three-year law === In the Socialist International, Jaurès worked to turn words into commitments. At the congress of Stuttgart, in 1907, he and Édouard Vaillant made the congress ask the workers of all countries to use every means to stop war. In November 1912, while war burned in the Balkans, an extraordinary congress met at Basel, in [[Switzerland]]. The Protestant church lent its cathedral. From its pulpit, Jaurès gave a famous appeal for peace, built on [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]]’s poem “The Song of the Bell”.<ref name="n31">Scot 2014, who quotes the appeal built on the ''Song of the Bell''; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> But the congress decided no precise common action, and Jaurès worried more and more about the German party. In France, the year 1913 was filled by the fight against the new army law. The government wanted to raise military service from two years to three, because Germany was making its army much bigger. Jaurès saw in it a heavy and useless burden, which avoided the real reform of the army. He answered with the plan of ''L’Armée nouvelle'', spoke again and again in the Chamber, and held meetings all over the country. On 25 May 1913, at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, he spoke before about 150,000 people. A national petition collected 700,000 signatures.<ref name="n32">Scot 2014.</ref> The law passed anyway, on 19 July 1913. The nationalist press now attacked Jaurès with very great violence. It called him the man of Germany and a traitor. In April 1914, the voters answered: Jaurès was re-elected with more than 58% of the votes, and the SFIO won over one hundred seats, its best result ever.<ref name="n33">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (58% of the votes; 102 SFIO deputies out of 601 seats).</ref> === July 1914 === On 28 June 1914, the heir to the throne of [[Austria-Hungary]] (the next in line to be emperor) was murdered at [[Sarajevo]]. Jaurès watched the European crisis grow worse. In the middle of July, the congress of the SFIO voted his idea: an international general strike of the workers, to force the governments to let outside judges settle the conflict. On 25 July, at Vaise, near Lyon, where he supported the candidate Marius Moutet, he explained the shared responsibilities of the powers. Europe, he warned, stood at the edge of disaster.<ref name="n34">Candar and Duclert 2014; Lalouette 2014 (on the text of the Vaise speech).</ref> On 29 and 30 July, he was in [[Brussels]] for an urgent meeting of the International Socialist Bureau. In Brussels, on the evening of 29 July, he spoke at the Cirque royal before thousands of people. The German socialist Hugo Haase spoke before him against the policy of Austria. Jaurès gave a speech that many witnesses described later with strong emotion. When the leaders signed their common statement, Haase embraced Jaurès. It was the last image of the unity of the International. Its next congress, moved from Vienna to Paris for 9 August, never met.<ref name="n35">Jean Stengers, “Le dernier discours de Jaurès”, discussed in Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter I.</ref> Back in Paris, on 31 July, Jaurès led a socialist delegation to the foreign ministry. The under-secretary Abel Ferry received them. Jaurès pressed the government to do everything to keep the peace.<ref name="n36">Duclert 2013, from the testimony of Abel Ferry.</ref> For the next day, he planned a great article on the responsibilities of the crisis. That same morning, ''L’Humanité'' had printed his last article, “Sang-froid nécessaire” (Calm is necessary). == The assassination (31 July 1914) == [[File:L'Humanité 1914-08-01 (Jaurès assassiné).jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of ''L’Humanité'' of 1 August 1914 announces the murder of Jaurès.]] For months, part of the nationalist press had pointed at Jaurès with very great violence, almost calling for his death. In the fever of the last days of July 1914, these calls found a hand. On 31 July 1914, at about 9:40 in the evening, Jaurès had dinner with his co-workers at the Café du Croissant, rue Montmartre, close to his newspaper. He sat with his back to the open window. Only a curtain separated him from the street. Two revolver shots were fired at him almost point-blank. One bullet hit his head. He died within moments.<ref name="n37">Lalouette 2014, chapter I; Duclert 2013.</ref> The killer was arrested at once. His name was Raoul Villain, a nationalist of twenty-eight, a member of the League of the young friends of Alsace-Lorraine and a reader of the nationalist press. Its campaigns had taught him to see Jaurès as the traitor who would hand France to Germany. At the police station, he explained his act by Jaurès’s fight against the three-year law. The investigation later showed planning: Villain had bought a second gun the day before, had asked questions at the door of ''L’Humanité'', and had already watched the café on the evening of 30 July.<ref name="n38">Lalouette 2014, chapter II. Villain gave his identity at the police station: “aged 28, born 19 September 1885 in Reims”.</ref> The news caused very strong emotion in the whole country. The government was afraid of riots just before the mobilization (the call of all soldiers to the army). So it honored the dead man. The workers’ organizations had lost their main voice for peace. They could not stop the war. Strangely, his death even helped the national unity of August 1914, which the French called the “union sacrée”, even though Jaurès had fought for peace. France called up its soldiers on 1 August. Germany declared war on 3 August. On 4 August, at the funeral in Paris, Vaillant, the union leader Jouhaux and the prime minister Viviani spoke. In the Chamber, its president Paul Deschanel called Jaurès the martyr of his ideas, and all the deputies stood. He was buried on 5 August at Albi. The trial of Raoul Villain was delayed during the whole war. It opened in March 1919 before the court of the Seine. The defense said Villain was unbalanced. The investigation left dark points, for example about his money. On 29 March 1919, the jury declared him not guilty. The vote of a jury is secret; the press reported that only one juror had voted against.<ref name="n39">Lalouette 2014, chapters III and IV. The vote of the jury is secret; the single dissenting juror rests on reports in the press.</ref> The widow of Jaurès even had to pay the costs of the trial. The verdict caused protest far beyond the left. On 6 April 1919, a huge march crossed Paris.<ref name="n40">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> Villain later lived in [[Spain]], on the island of Ibiza. Members of a republican militia (an armed group) killed him there in 1936, at the start of the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish civil war]].<ref name="n41">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> == Memory == [[File:15-3-25, Castres, inauguration du monument Jaurès - btv1b53143825v.jpg|thumb|The opening of the Jaurès monument at [[Castres]], 15 March 1925.]] Jaurès entered legend almost at once. On 23 November 1924, under a left-wing government, his body was moved to the Panthéon. Two funeral marches followed it, one official and one communist. The heritage of Jaurès had already become a prize in the fight between socialists and communists, the two parties born from the split of 1920.<ref name="n42">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology; Duclert 2013.</ref> ''L’Humanité'', now the paper of the Communist Party, and the SFIO of Léon Blum both claimed to continue his fight. In the 1930s, the “neosocialists” of Marcel Déat also claimed his name, before they moved toward collaboration with the Nazis; Blum had to defend the memory of the founder.<ref name="n43">Duclert 2013, chapter “Entre ‘néosocialisme’ et ‘révolution intégrale’”.</ref> In 1936, the Popular Front celebrated its victory in his name. Monuments came early. A society of friends of Jaurès appeared in 1916. The first public monuments rose in 1921. Carmaux opened its monument in 1923, with the writer [[Anatole France]]; Castres followed in 1925, Toulouse in 1929. In 1992, the Fondation Jean-Jaurès was created, with Pierre Mauroy as president. On 21 May 1981, the day he took office, President [[François Mitterrand]] laid a rose on the tomb of Jaurès in the Panthéon. Thousands of streets, squares, schools and metro stations carry his name. Today, politicians of almost all parties claim Jaurès, sometimes with very free readings that historians correct. The scientific study of Jaurès is organized around the Société d’études jaurésiennes, founded in 1959, one hundred years after his birth. Ernest Labrousse led it first, then Madeleine Rebérioux from 1982 to 2005. The national center and museum Jean-Jaurès opened at Castres in 1988. Since 2000, the publisher Fayard prints a complete scholarly edition of his works. The years 2009 (150 years after his birth) and 2014 (100 years after his death) brought many ceremonies of memory and new research.<ref name="n44">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == His ideas and his works == === The philosopher === Jaurès always looked for synthesis, the union of ideas that seem opposed. For him, philosophy and action never stood apart. His thesis describes the world as one living whole. For Jaurès, the world is not dead matter only. Human thought is part of the life of the world, and continues its movement. From this came his deepest belief: the ideal of justice is not a dream laid over the world from outside. It is a force already at work inside it. So ideas and the economic forces of history do not have to fight each other. === The socialism of the Republic === From Marx, whom he had studied closely, Jaurès took the analysis of class struggle and the weight of the economy. But he refused to make the economy the only cause of history. In his debate of 1895 with Lafargue, he showed that moral ideas, born from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, have a force of their own in history.<ref name="n45">Jean Jaurès and Paul Lafargue, “Idéalisme et matérialisme dans la conception de l’histoire”, public debate, 1895; Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> For him, socialism completes the Republic. It extends the power of the citizen to the economy, through the common ownership of the great tools of production, like factories, mines and railways. He gave the road to it a name: “revolutionary evolution”. It means: win majorities in free elections, gather reforms one after the other, and organize the workers, instead of taking power by violence.<ref name="n46">On this “method” of “revolutionary evolution”, see Scot 2014.</ref> This made him a special kind of reformist, who never gave up the goal of a fully changed society. Socialists who followed Marx more strictly said he believed too much in ideas. The revolutionary trade unionists said he believed too much in parliament. Yet in his last ten years, he was the most listened-to leader of French socialism and one of the great voices of the International. === Secularism and religion === [[Secularism]] stood at the heart of his action. Secularism is the rule that the state and the churches must be separate. A son of the republican school and a constant friend of the teachers, Jaurès saw it as a guarantee of freedom, not as a weapon against religion. This explains his support for a liberal separation in 1905, and his great speech of January 1910 for the secular school. He had left the faith of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. A long text on religion and socialism, unpublished in his lifetime, shows this lasting question: socialism, he thought, would have to answer the spiritual needs of humanity in another way than the churches.<ref name="n47">“Pour la laïque”, speech in the Chamber, January 1910; Jean Jaurès, ''La Question religieuse et le socialisme'', text edited by Michel Launay, Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1959.</ref> === The nation, the International and the colonies === Some people said: you must choose between your country and the International. Jaurès answered: the two go together. The nation is the historical home where the workers win their rights. The International is the tool that must keep the nations out of war. ''L’Armée nouvelle'' says it in a famous sentence: “A little internationalism takes one away from the fatherland; much internationalism brings one back to it. A little patriotism takes one away from the International; much patriotism brings one back to it.”<ref name="n48">Jean Jaurès, ''L’Armée nouvelle'', Paris, Jules Rouff, 1911.</ref> His position on the colonies shows the same tension: he believed in ideas good for all people, but he criticized rule by force over other peoples. He started from the common belief in a civilizing mission. He ended as a strong critic of the violence of conquest, of the hunt for quick money, and of the dangers of war between the powers. But he never rejected colonization itself as a principle. === The historian === His work as a historian was also important. He wrote the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' mainly between 1898 and 1903, after long work in archives. Its ambition was new: tell the Revolution through economic and social life, give the people a voice as actors, and measure the early hopes of material equality. The word “socialist” in the title shocked many scholars; even Alphonse Aulard, the first professor of the history of the Revolution, criticized it. Later historians judged otherwise. Albert Mathiez and then Albert Soboul re-edited the work. It is now seen as the founding book of the social history of the French Revolution. In 1903, on Jaurès’s proposal, the parliament also created a commission to publish the economic documents of the Revolution; it worked for decades.<ref name="n49">Rioux 2005, who reports the criticism of Alphonse Aulard (1902) and the analysis of Mona Ozouf on the word “socialist”.</ref> === The orator and the journalist === In the memory of the French, Jaurès keeps a special place among the great speakers of the Third Republic. He had a powerful voice and a vast culture, used without notes. He could lift every debate toward general principles. Witnesses also said that he knew every file exactly. So his speeches were proofs as much as flights of words. As a journalist, he wrote almost every day for nearly thirty years. He wrote in ''La Dépêche'', in ''La Petite République'' and in ''L’Humanité''. These several thousand articles form one of the largest bodies of press writing of his time. == Timeline == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date !! Event |- | 3 September 1859 || Born at Castres (Tarn). |- | 1878 || First at the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. |- | 1881 || Passed the agrégation of philosophy; teacher at the lycée of Albi. |- | 4 October 1885 || Elected deputy of the Tarn, the youngest in France, on a republican list. |- | 29 June 1886 || Married Louise Bois. |- | September 1889 || Lost the elections; returned to the University of Toulouse. |- | 1892 || Doctor of philosophy; miners’ strike at Carmaux (August–November). |- | January 1893 || Elected socialist deputy of Carmaux in a by-election; re-elected in August. |- | 1895–1896 || Glass workers’ strike at Carmaux; foundation of the workers’ glassworks of Albi. |- | January 1898 || Entered the [[Dreyfus affair]] after Zola’s “J’accuse…!”. |- | 8 May 1898 || Lost his seat at Carmaux to the Marquis de Solages. |- | Summer 1898 || Published ''Les Preuves'' in ''La Petite République'', then as a book. |- | June 1899 || Supported the government of republican defense of Waldeck-Rousseau. |- | November 1900 || Debate of the “two methods” with Jules Guesde at Lille. |- | 1901–1908 || Publication of the ''Histoire socialiste'' (1789–1900). |- | April 1902 || Re-elected at Carmaux; pillar of the left-wing bloc (vice-president of the Chamber in 1903). |- | 30 July 1903 || Speech to the youth, at Albi. |- | 18 April 1904 || First issue of ''L’Humanité''; in August, international congress of Amsterdam. |- | April 1905 || Congress of the salle du Globe: birth of the SFIO. |- | 9 December 1905 || The law of separation of the churches and the state becomes official. |- | June 1906 || Great debate with Clemenceau on radicalism and socialism. |- | 12 July 1906 || Captain Dreyfus declared innocent by the highest court of France. |- | October 1908 || Congress of Toulouse of the SFIO: the unity is confirmed. |- | 1910–1911 || Vote of the workers’ pensions law; publication of ''L’Armée nouvelle''. |- | July–October 1911 || Lecture tour in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. |- | 24–25 November 1912 || Speech for peace at the international congress of Basel. |- | 25 May 1913 || Meeting of Le Pré-Saint-Gervais against the three-year military law. |- | 26 April 1914 || Re-elected at Carmaux; about one hundred SFIO deputies. |- | 31 July 1914 || Murdered at the Café du Croissant, in Paris, by Raoul Villain. |- | 29 March 1919 || Raoul Villain found not guilty by the court of the Seine. |- | 23 November 1924 || Jaurès’s body moved to the Panthéon. |- | 14 November 1959 || Foundation of the Société d’études jaurésiennes. |} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == * Candar (Gilles) and Duclert (Vincent), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Fayard, 2014. (The main scholarly biography.) * Duclert (Vincent), ''Jaurès 1859-1914. La politique et la légende'', Paris, Autrement, 2013. (A short study of his life and of his legend.) * Lalouette (Jacqueline), ''Jean Jaurès. L’assassinat, la gloire, le souvenir'', Paris, Perrin, 2014. (A book about his murder, the trial of his killer and his memory.) * Rioux (Jean-Pierre), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Perrin, 2005. (A clear short biography.) * Scot (Jean-Paul), ''Jaurès et le réformisme révolutionnaire'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. (A study of his political ideas.) * Jaurès (Jean), ''Œuvres'', Paris, Fayard, scholarly edition in progress since 2000. (His collected works.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaures, Jean}} [[Category:French politicians]] [[Category:French journalists]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:Assassinated French politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from Occitanie]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in France]] [[Category:Social democrats]] [[Category:1859 births]] [[Category:1914 deaths]] [[Category:People from Tarn]] dqso6a4as3omywoxdjz25cwf9b24cqu 10882940 10882937 2026-06-10T05:16:40Z PandaMystique 1817766 10882940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jean Jaurès | image = Jean Jaurès, par Nadar, 1898.jpg | caption = Jaurès in 1898 (photograph by Nadar) | office = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start = 1902 | term_end = 1914 | office2 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start2 = 1893 | term_end2 = 1898 | office3 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start3 = 1885 | term_end3 = 1889 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|9|3|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Castres]], [[France]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|7|31|1859|9|3|df=y}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = Panthéon, Paris | party = SFIO (1905–1914) | spouse = Louise Bois (married 1886) | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure]] | occupation = Politician, philosopher, journalist, historian }} '''Jean Jaurès''' (3 September 1859 – 31 July 1914) was a [[France|French]] politician, [[philosopher]], [[journalist]] and [[historian]]. He was one of the most important leaders of French [[socialism]]. Jaurès entered the French parliament in 1885, at the age of 26. A great miners’ [[Strike action|strike]] in the town of [[Carmaux]] made him a socialist in 1892. In 1898, he fought to prove that Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer accused of [[treason]] (helping the enemy), was innocent. In 1904, he started the [[newspaper]] [[L'Humanité|''L’Humanité'']]. In 1905, he helped unite the French socialists in one party, the SFIO. In his last years, he fought against the danger of a great European war. A young French nationalist shot and killed him in [[Paris]] on 31 July 1914, three days before [[Germany]] declared war on France. Jaurès is one of the most honored people in French history. In 1924, his body was moved to the Panthéon, the famous building in Paris where France keeps its great men and women. Thousands of streets, squares and schools in France carry his name. He also left important written works. The main ones are a thesis in philosophy, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (printed in 1891, defended in 1892); a great history of the [[French Revolution]], the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' (1901–1904); and the book ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (1911). He also wrote several thousand newspaper articles. == Early years and studies (1859–1881) == === A childhood in the Tarn === Jean Jaurès was born in [[Castres]], a small town in the [[Tarn]], in the south of France. His family was middle-class but not rich. His father, Jules Jaurès (1819–1882), had failed in business. He lived from a small farm, La Fédial, near the town. His mother, Adélaïde Barbaza (1822–1906), was a very religious Catholic. She watched closely over the education of her two sons. The younger son, Louis (1860–1937), later became an admiral (a chief of the navy) and a deputy. Jean grew up between the town and the countryside. All his life, he kept a deep love for the south of France, for the Occitan language, and for the world of the peasants (small farmers). He never forgot their problems when he became a politician. In 1869, Jaurès entered the school of Castres with a scholarship (money given to a good student). He was a brilliant pupil. In 1876, a school inspector, Félix Deltour, was struck by his gifts. He sent the boy to Paris, to the Sainte-Barbe school, to prepare the entrance examination of the [[École normale supérieure]]. This is a famous French school that trains teachers and scholars. The same year, at sixteen, Jaurès gave his first public speech, a welcome to the prefect (the chief officer of the area). In 1878, he won the first prize of a national competition for the best speech in French. Then he came first in the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. The philosopher [[Henri Bergson]] entered the school the same year. === Student of philosophy === At the École normale supérieure, Jaurès chose philosophy. He liked this subject because it tries to understand the world as a whole. In 1881, he came third in the agrégation of philosophy, a very hard examination for future teachers, behind Paul Lesbazeilles and Bergson.<ref name="n1">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> The Republic and its free schools had opened this road to him. For this reason, he was thankful to the Republic all his life. For him, the Republic was a promise: knowledge could free the poor. == Teacher and young deputy (1881–1889) == === Teaching philosophy === In the autumn of 1881, Jaurès became a teacher at the lycée (secondary school) of [[Albi]]. He chose to stay near his family: his father was very sick and died in May 1882. His teaching was a great success. He spoke without notes and treated his students as equals. At the start of 1883, he began teaching courses at the University of [[Toulouse]]. He gave his first lecture there on 15 January. At the end of the same year, with the help of the rector Perroud, he became a lecturer there. He also taught morals at a girls’ school. In these courses, he slowly built his own philosophy of history. For Jaurès, philosophy and politics did not fight each other. They needed each other. === The youngest deputy of France === The republicans of the Tarn asked Jaurès to be a candidate in the elections of 1885. On 4 October, he was elected with a little more than half of the votes.<ref name="n2">Rioux 2005, chronology (50.9% of the votes); Duclert 2013 (Jaurès, best elected of the five republicans of the Tarn, with 48,040 votes).</ref> At 26, he was the youngest deputy of France. A deputy is a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the French parliament. He sat with the moderate republicans, not with the socialists. In March 1886, after a miners’ strike at Decazeville, he did not vote with the socialist deputies. But he worked on social questions from the start. In 1886, he proposed a law on help and pension funds for workers. In 1887, he reported on the law that created safety delegates in the mines. His first speech, in October 1886, was about schools. On 29 June 1886, Jaurès married Louise Bois, the daughter of a merchant of Albi. They had two children: Madeleine (1889–1951) and Louis (1898–1918). Louis was killed in the [[World War I|First World War]], four years after his father. Through his wife, Jaurès could use the country house of Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent almost every summer. In January 1887, he wrote his first article in ''La Dépêche'', the great republican newspaper of Toulouse. He wrote there until 1914, more than a thousand articles in all. In these years he also fought against General Boulanger, a popular soldier who was a danger for the Republic. The elections of September 1889 used a new system, with one deputy for each small district. Jaurès was a candidate in the first district of Castres. The conservatives were strong there. Their chief was Baron René Reille, the head of the Reille-Solages group, which owned the mines of Carmaux. Jaurès won a majority in the town of Castres itself. But he lost in the countryside. The conservative Léon Abrial beat him with 9,632 votes against 8,776.<ref name="n3">Duclert 2013, chapter “La défaite de Castres”; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> In the same elections, Baron Reille kept his seat, and his son-in-law, the Marquis de Solages, a director of the mining company, won the district of Carmaux. Jaurès went back to the university and to philosophy. == Becoming a socialist (1889–1893) == [[File:JauresACarmaux.jpg|thumb|The statue of Jaurès at [[Carmaux]], opened in 1923.]] === Doctor of philosophy and city politician === Back in Toulouse, Jaurès finished his two theses. He defended them at the start of 1892. The main thesis, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (On the reality of the world we can feel), says that the world around us is real and forms a living whole. The second thesis, written in Latin, looks for the roots of socialism in German philosophy, from Luther to Hegel.<ref name="n4">''De la réalité du monde sensible'', Paris, Alcan, 1891; ''De Primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte et Hegel'', Toulouse, 1891.</ref> So Jaurès first found socialism through philosophy. The fights of the workers made him a militant later. In 1890, Jaurès was elected to the city council of Toulouse. He became a deputy mayor in charge of public schools. In his articles in ''La Dépêche'', he watched the growth of the workers’ movement. He thought about the first May Day and about the soldiers who shot strikers at Fourmies in 1891. Step by step, he moved toward socialist ideas. Lucien Herr, the librarian of the École normale supérieure, helped him in this direction. He also had long talks with the socialist chief Jules Guesde. One meeting in Toulouse, in March 1892, became famous. But historians say his change was slow and gradual, not the result of one night.<ref name="n5">Scot 2014. The author tells of the Toulouse discussion of 27 March 1892, but shows that Carmaux was the real “social laboratory” of the change.</ref> === Carmaux, the school of social struggle === The mining town of Carmaux made Jaurès and the workers’ movement meet. In the city elections of 1 May 1892, the socialist list won. On 15 May, Jean-Baptiste Calvignac became mayor. Calvignac was a metal worker of the mining company and the secretary of the miners’ [[trade union]]. A trade union is a group that defends the workers. The company refused to give him free time for his work as mayor. On 2 August, it dismissed him (took away his job). For the miners, this was an attack on universal suffrage, the right of all adult men to vote. In the middle of August, the strike became general. It lasted almost three months. The government sent soldiers into the town. In ''La Dépêche'', Jaurès took the side of the miners. His argument was simple and strong. If a worker cannot be a mayor without losing his job, then paid work and the rights of the citizen cannot live together. In that case, the whole social order is wrong. The strike became a national affair. On 30 October 1892, arbitrators (outside judges chosen to end the conflict) gave their decision. Calvignac got his job back. Most strikers were taken back, except a few men found guilty of violence. In the middle of October, the Marquis de Solages, now alone politically, had resigned as deputy.<ref name="n6">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter VII; Scot 2014. See also Jaurès’s articles “Les incidents de Carmaux”, ''La Dépêche'', 29 August 1892, and “La question de principe”, ''La Dépêche'', 19 September 1892.</ref> A by-election (a special election for one empty seat) followed in January 1893. After long discussions, the socialists of Carmaux chose Jaurès as their candidate. He accepted the program of Jules Guesde’s workers’ party, which had good ideas for the farmers. In the second round, he won with about 52% of the votes. In the general elections of August 1893, he was re-elected in the first round with 59.3%.<ref name="n7">Duclert 2013, chronology (52.1% in January, 59.3% in August 1893); Scot 2014.</ref> The republican professor had become the socialist deputy of the miners, and also of many peasants. == Socialist deputy (1893–1898) == About fifty socialist deputies entered the Chamber in 1893. Jaurès quickly became one of its most listened-to speakers. He defended the public freedoms against the hard laws voted after bomb attacks by anarchists. He spoke for the peasants, the teachers and the workers. In 1895, he had a famous public debate with Paul Lafargue about history: do ideas move history, or only economic forces? Jaurès answered: both. He wanted to join the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] with the moral ideal of the French Revolution. The Tarn remained his home ground. In 1895, the glass workers of Carmaux went on strike against their employer, Eugène Rességuier. They lost. Jaurès gave them a new kind of answer: a [[cooperative]], a factory owned by the workers themselves. The Verrerie ouvrière (workers’ glassworks) of Albi opened in October 1896, paid by gifts from all over France. It became a symbol of the French cooperative movement.<ref name="n8">Rioux 2005; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> At the same time, the local men of power attacked the socialist town of Carmaux. The courts removed Calvignac from office and took away his political rights for five years. Jaurès was also one of the best experts on the problems of the farmers. In a speech of July 1897, he explained that socialism was not the enemy of the small farmer. It was his defense against money-lenders and middlemen. This care for the countryside explains part of his strong election results. On 15 March 1897, in a great speech on the [[Ottoman Empire]], he denounced the massacres of the Armenians. He accused the European powers, France among them, of letting whole peoples die for money and for good relations between states. It was one of the first great protests of this kind in the French parliament.<ref name="n9">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (speech of 15 March 1897 on the Ottoman Empire).</ref> == The Dreyfus affair (1897–1899) == === From doubt to commitment === In December 1894, a military court found Captain Alfred Dreyfus guilty of treason. Like almost everyone, Jaurès first believed that Dreyfus was guilty. He even protested in the Chamber: a simple soldier, he said, would have been shot for less. His change came in January 1898, after [[Émile Zola]] published his famous open letter “J’accuse…!”. Jaurès then denounced the illegal trial of 1894 at the tribune of the Chamber. On 22 January, a royalist deputy (a supporter of the kings), the Count de Bernis, hit him as he came down from the tribune. On 12 February, Jaurès was a witness at Zola’s trial. The defenders of Dreyfus praised his exact knowledge of the case. This fight made him almost alone among the socialists. Most of them, behind Guesde, saw the affair as a quarrel inside the middle class. Their public statement of 24 July 1898 said that the workers had nothing to do in this battle. The fight also cost Jaurès his seat. On 8 May 1898, all his enemies united behind the Marquis de Solages. Jaurès lost at Carmaux with 45% of the votes, although the socialists were growing in the whole country.<ref name="n10">Duclert 2013 (5,515 votes against 6,702 for the Marquis de Solages).</ref> In July, the university of Paris also refused him a course. He had lost his seat, his chance of a chair, and much support in his own camp. Only his pen and his voice remained. === Les Preuves (The Proofs) === Jaurès became an editor and co-director of ''La Petite République'', the main socialist newspaper of Paris. On 7 July 1898, the new war minister, Cavaignac, read documents in the Chamber. He said they proved the guilt of Dreyfus. The friends of Dreyfus felt beaten. Jaurès saw an opportunity instead: the documents were forgeries (false papers), and the case was now open again before the whole country. [[Léon Blum]] later compared his action to Zola’s “J’accuse…!”.<ref name="n11">Léon Blum, ''Souvenirs sur l’Affaire'', quoted by Duclert 2013.</ref> Jaurès gave his summer to the work. From 10 August 1898, ''La Petite République'' published his study, later printed as a book: ''Les Preuves'' (The Proofs). He showed three things. The trial of 1894 was illegal, because secret papers were shown only to the judges. The famous bordereau (the written list at the start of the case) was the work of another officer, Esterhazy. And the papers read by Cavaignac were forged. Events proved him right very fast. On 30 August, Colonel Henry confessed that he had forged the main paper. He killed himself the next day. On 26 September, the government asked the highest court to review the trial of 1894.<ref name="n12">Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013.</ref> For Jaurès, defending one innocent man was a socialist duty. Socialism fights for humanity; it cannot look away when humanity is crushed in a single person. Justice and law are not “middle-class” values; they protect the weak first. In 1899, he followed the second trial of Dreyfus at Rennes for his newspaper. The judges found the innocent man guilty again, and the president pardoned him. Jaurès did not stop. With the Dreyfus family, he worked until the full rehabilitation (the official statement of innocence) of 12 July 1906. His great speech of April 1903 in the Chamber had started this last step.<ref name="n13">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Defending the Republic (1899–1904) == === The Millerand question === In June 1899, at the top of the nationalist crisis, Waldeck-Rousseau formed a government of “republican defense”: its goal was to protect the Republic against its enemies. A socialist, [[Alexandre Millerand]], became a minister in it, next to General de Galliffet, an old enemy of the workers. It was the first time a socialist entered a “middle-class” government. The socialists were deeply divided about it. Jaurès defended the choice: when the Republic is in danger, the workers must save it, because the Republic makes all future progress possible. In December 1899, a general congress of the socialist groups met in Paris, at the salle Japy. It voted two opposite texts. One said that a socialist must never enter a government of this kind. The other accepted it in special cases, under the control of the party.<ref name="n14">Scot 2014. The motion of Guesde passed by 818 votes against 634; the motion of the commission by 1,140 against 240.</ref> In November 1900, at Lille, Jaurès and Guesde debated “the two methods” before thousands of militants: step-by-step conquest of reforms, or pure waiting for the revolution. The split followed. Guesde and his allies formed one party (1901); Jaurès and his friends another (1902). For Jaurès, the results justified the risk. As minister, Millerand shortened the working day, opened the labor council to workers’ delegates, and prepared workers’ [[pension]]s. Waldeck-Rousseau pushed the employers of Le Creusot to negotiate during the big strikes.<ref name="n15">Duclert 2013.</ref> Above all, the Republic was saved from the nationalist attack. === In the left-wing bloc === Re-elected at Carmaux in April 1902, Jaurès became a pillar of the left-wing majority that supported the government of Émile Combes. In January 1903, the deputies elected him vice-president of the Chamber. He put his talent at the service of the secular school (the public school without religion) and of the control of religious orders (religious groups like monks and nuns). On 30 July 1903, at the prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, he gave his “Speech to the youth”. It holds one of his most famous sentences: “Courage is to look for the truth and to tell it”.<ref name="n16">Jean Jaurès, “Discours à la jeunesse”, prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, 30 July 1903.</ref> These years were also years of writing. Jaurès directed the ''Histoire socialiste (1789–1900)'', a collective history in thirteen volumes (1901–1908). He himself wrote the volumes on the French Revolution, the story of the war of 1870–1871, and the conclusion. The book was based on long research in archives. It told the Revolution through economic and social life, and gave a voice to the common people. It had a lasting influence on historians.<ref name="n17">Rioux 2005. The work was re-edited by Albert Mathiez (1922–1924), then by Albert Soboul (Éditions sociales, 1968–1973).</ref> Jaurès played a leading part on the road to the separation of the churches and the state. In May 1904, ''L’Humanité'', his new newspaper, printed a secret note of protest sent by the [[Pope]] to the European governments against the visit of President Loubet to Rome. The scandal broke the relations between France and [[Vatican City|the Vatican]].<ref name="n18">Candar and Duclert 2014. Prince Albert I of Monaco gave the note to the newspaper.</ref> Separation became certain. With [[Aristide Briand]], Jaurès supported a liberal separation, which respected freedom of belief. He helped pass article 4, in April 1905, which made the law workable and peaceful.<ref name="n19">Rioux 2005, chronology (22 April 1905).</ref> The Chamber passed the law on 3 July. The Senate gave its final approval on 6 December. The law was officially published on 9 December 1905. == L’Humanité and socialist unity (1904–1905) == [[File:L'Humanité 18-04-1904.jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of the first issue of ''L’Humanité'' (18 April 1904).]] === A new newspaper === The first issue of ''L’Humanité'' appeared on 18 April 1904, with Jaurès as director. Lucien Herr found the name. Friends and progressive citizens, among them the philosopher Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, gave the starting money, about 850,000 francs.<ref name="n20">Candar and Duclert 2014. The details of the starting money are still not fully known.</ref> In his first editorial, “Notre but” (Our goal), Jaurès wrote that the paper would give free minds full and exact information, so that they could judge the world themselves. He explained the title: humanity “does not yet exist, or hardly exists”, and the socialists work to make it real.<ref name="n21">Jean Jaurès, “Notre but”, ''L’Humanité'', 18 April 1904.</ref> People joked that it was “the newspaper of the seventeen agrégés”, because so many of its writers were scholars. The first issue sold 130,000 copies. Then sales fell badly. From 1907, the paper found its balance, around 60,000 to 70,000 copies, and it grew again before the war.<ref name="n22">Candar and Duclert 2014 (130,000 copies at the start, fewer than 30,000 in October 1906, 60,000 to 70,000 from 1907).</ref> Jaurès wrote an article in it almost every day until his death. === From Amsterdam to the salle du Globe === In August 1904, the congress of the [[Second International|Socialist International]] met in Amsterdam. For hours, Jaurès defended the French policy of republican defense before August Bebel and Karl Kautsky, the German leaders. The Republic, he said, is a conquest of the people; it deserved to be saved. The majority voted against him. The congress adopted the text of Dresden. It said again that socialists must not enter such governments, and it asked the French socialists to unite in one party of class struggle (the open fight between workers and owners).<ref name="n23">Duclert 2013; Rioux 2005.</ref> Jaurès accepted the decision. For him, unity now came first. At the start of 1905, he broke with the left-wing bloc. His old reformist friends, Millerand, Briand and Viviani, refused the discipline of the new party and stayed out. The delegates of the rival parties met in Paris, at the salle du Globe, from 23 April 1905. They founded the Parti socialiste, Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), proclaimed on 25 April.<ref name="n24">Scot 2014; Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013. The sources differ a little on the exact dates of the congress.</ref> Jaurès obtained freedom for the local groups of the party (the federations) and a small central organization. At first, the strictest groups kept him out of the leadership. Their paper, ''Le Socialiste'', became the official organ of the party, not ''L’Humanité''. This did not last. Through his speeches, his paper and his work in the congresses, Jaurès slowly became the real leader of the united party. The congress of Toulouse, in 1908, confirmed it: his great speech on reform and revolution won over almost all the militants.<ref name="n25">Rioux 2005 (“Éloge de la réforme”); Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> These were also years of hard personal fights. In December 1904, after a quarrel with the nationalist Paul Déroulède, Jaurès fought a pistol duel with him near the Spanish border. Nobody was hit. At the start of 1905, he led a campaign in ''L’Humanité'' for the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|first Russian revolution]]. In May 1905, he debated with Gustave Hervé about the socialist and the fatherland. In July, the German chancellor Bülow forbade a speech he was to give in Berlin. The text, on the friendship of peoples, appeared the same day in ''L’Humanité'' and in the German socialist paper ''Vorwärts''.<ref name="n26">Rioux 2005, chronology; Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Leader of the socialists (1906–1911) == In May 1906, Jaurès kept his seat at Carmaux by a small majority. The SFIO now had 51 deputies. In June 1906, he had a famous debate in the Chamber with [[Georges Clemenceau]] about radicalism and socialism. Jaurès said: the Republic will be complete only when liberty and equality also rule the economy. In October 1906, the CGT, the main trade union group, declared itself independent from all parties (the Charter of Amiens). Jaurès chose respect and dialogue, not control. The SFIO accepted this independence at its congress of Limoges, and ''L’Humanité'' opened a column to the CGT. In the social conflicts of these years, Jaurès always stood with the workers. He supported the revolt of the southern wine-growers in 1907. He protested against the repression at Draveil and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges in 1908, and against the arrest of the CGT leaders. He attacked the government of Briand for breaking the railway strike of 1910. The same year, against Guesde, he made his party support the new law on workers’ and peasants’ pensions.<ref name="n27">Rioux 2005, chronology (congress of Nîmes, February 1910).</ref> His method stayed the same: win real reforms now, without giving up the full change of society. Colonial questions took a growing place in his speeches. As a young man, he had accepted the common idea of a French “civilizing mission”. Later, he became one of the strongest critics of colonial conquest. In 1908, he denounced killings by the French army in [[Morocco]], and angry deputies almost stopped him from speaking. He attacked the companies that received giant lands in Africa or controlled the mines of Algeria. In June 1912, he fought the treaty that made Morocco a French protectorate (a country controlled by France). For him, colonial conquest was unjust to the colonized peoples and dangerous for peace in Europe. But his criticism stayed inside the ideas of his time. He attacked the methods of conquest, not the principle of a French presence overseas. Historians do not call him an anticolonialist in the later sense of the word. In 1910, he was re-elected with a comfortable majority, and the SFIO rose to 76 deputies. Inside the party, Jaurès held no official post. But he acted as a tireless mediator (peace-maker) between the different groups of the party. In 1911, the newspaper received a new structure. The party, the unions and the cooperatives entered its board, and Jaurès remained political director. He had become, in the words of the historian Jean-Pierre Rioux, the implicit but uncontested leader of French socialism.<ref name="n28">Rioux 2005, chapter “L’homme-orchestre”; on the reorganization of 1911, Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> From July to October 1911, he made a lecture tour in [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]], a sign that people now listened to him far beyond Europe. == Private life == People who knew Jaurès describe a simple man, careless about his clothes, short and heavy. His power lay in his speech and in his exceptional memory. He was a great reader and lived modestly. Most of his money came from his pen. His family life was divided between Paris and Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent his summers. His wife Louise remained a religious Catholic and raised the children in her faith. In July 1901, their daughter Madeleine made her first communion. Other socialists attacked Jaurès violently for this. He answered that freedom of belief began in his own home. He would not force his ideas on his family, as others forced their faith. He himself had left the Catholic religion of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. Sad events marked his last years: the death of his mother in 1906, and the birth of a grandson with a severe disability. Several biographers note a part of melancholy (quiet sadness) under his public optimism.<ref name="n29">Duclert 2013, on the “secret melancholy” of these years.</ref> == The fight against war (1905–1914) == [[File:25-5-13, manifestation du Pré-Saint-Gervais contre les trois ans, discours de Mr Jaurès - btv1b69253126.jpg|thumb|Jaurès speaks against the three-year army law at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, on 25 May 1913.]] === L’Armée nouvelle (The New Army) === In 1905, the German emperor’s visit to Tangier opened the first crisis over Morocco between France and Germany. From then on, peace stood at the center of Jaurès’s action. He was not against the defense of the country. Against Gustave Hervé, who preached revolt rather than war, he said that the workers have a fatherland, and that the nation, home of democracy, deserves defense. But only a defensive war is just. He put these ideas into a book, ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (The New Army). He presented it as a bill (a proposed law) in November 1910 and published it in April 1911. He proposed a citizen army built on the reserves, like in Switzerland, with short training, new officers, and a defensive strategy. The welcome was cold, even on the left: the CGT and the Guesdists found the book too military.<ref name="n30">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter on ''L’Armée nouvelle''.</ref> The book became useful again in 1913, and the World War later proved several of its ideas right, for example about a long war and the value of reserve soldiers. === From Basel to the three-year law === In the Socialist International, Jaurès worked to turn words into commitments. At the congress of Stuttgart, in 1907, he and Édouard Vaillant made the congress ask the workers of all countries to use every means to stop war. In November 1912, while war burned in the Balkans, an extraordinary congress met at Basel, in [[Switzerland]]. The Protestant church lent its cathedral. From its pulpit, Jaurès gave a famous appeal for peace, built on [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]]’s poem “The Song of the Bell”.<ref name="n31">Scot 2014, who quotes the appeal built on the ''Song of the Bell''; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> But the congress decided no precise common action, and Jaurès worried more and more about the German party. In France, the year 1913 was filled by the fight against the new army law. The government wanted to raise military service from two years to three, because Germany was making its army much bigger. Jaurès saw in it a heavy and useless burden, which avoided the real reform of the army. He answered with the plan of ''L’Armée nouvelle'', spoke again and again in the Chamber, and held meetings all over the country. On 25 May 1913, at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, he spoke before about 150,000 people. A national petition collected 700,000 signatures.<ref name="n32">Scot 2014.</ref> The law passed anyway, on 19 July 1913. The nationalist press now attacked Jaurès with very great violence. It called him the man of Germany and a traitor. In April 1914, the voters answered: Jaurès was re-elected with more than 58% of the votes, and the SFIO won over one hundred seats, its best result ever.<ref name="n33">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (58% of the votes; 102 SFIO deputies out of 601 seats).</ref> === July 1914 === On 28 June 1914, the heir to the throne of [[Austria-Hungary]] (the next in line to be emperor) was murdered at [[Sarajevo]]. Jaurès watched the European crisis grow worse. In the middle of July, the congress of the SFIO voted his idea: an international general strike of the workers, to force the governments to let outside judges settle the conflict. On 25 July, at Vaise, near Lyon, where he supported the candidate Marius Moutet, he explained the shared responsibilities of the powers. Europe, he warned, stood at the edge of disaster.<ref name="n34">Candar and Duclert 2014; Lalouette 2014 (on the text of the Vaise speech).</ref> On 29 and 30 July, he was in [[Brussels]] for an urgent meeting of the International Socialist Bureau. In Brussels, on the evening of 29 July, he spoke at the Cirque royal before thousands of people. The German socialist Hugo Haase spoke before him against the policy of Austria. Jaurès gave a speech that many witnesses described later with strong emotion. When the leaders signed their common statement, Haase embraced Jaurès. It was the last image of the unity of the International. Its next congress, moved from Vienna to Paris for 9 August, never met.<ref name="n35">Jean Stengers, “Le dernier discours de Jaurès”, discussed in Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter I.</ref> Back in Paris, on 31 July, Jaurès led a socialist delegation to the foreign ministry. The under-secretary Abel Ferry received them. Jaurès pressed the government to do everything to keep the peace.<ref name="n36">Duclert 2013, from the testimony of Abel Ferry.</ref> For the next day, he planned a great article on the responsibilities of the crisis. That same morning, ''L’Humanité'' had printed his last article, “Sang-froid nécessaire” (Calm is necessary). == The assassination (31 July 1914) == [[File:L'Humanité 1914-08-01 (Jaurès assassiné).jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of ''L’Humanité'' of 1 August 1914 announces the murder of Jaurès.]] For months, part of the nationalist press had pointed at Jaurès with very great violence, almost calling for his death. In the fever of the last days of July 1914, these calls found a hand. On 31 July 1914, at about 9:40 in the evening, Jaurès had dinner with his co-workers at the Café du Croissant, rue Montmartre, close to his newspaper. He sat with his back to the open window. Only a curtain separated him from the street. Two revolver shots were fired at him almost point-blank. One bullet hit his head. He died within moments.<ref name="n37">Lalouette 2014, chapter I; Duclert 2013.</ref> The killer was arrested at once. His name was Raoul Villain, a nationalist of twenty-eight, a member of the League of the young friends of Alsace-Lorraine and a reader of the nationalist press. Its campaigns had taught him to see Jaurès as the traitor who would hand France to Germany. At the police station, he explained his act by Jaurès’s fight against the three-year law. The investigation later showed planning: Villain had bought a second gun the day before, had asked questions at the door of ''L’Humanité'', and had already watched the café on the evening of 30 July.<ref name="n38">Lalouette 2014, chapter II. Villain gave his identity at the police station: “aged 28, born 19 September 1885 in Reims”.</ref> The news caused very strong emotion in the whole country. The government was afraid of riots just before the mobilization (the call of all soldiers to the army). So it honored the dead man. The workers’ organizations had lost their main voice for peace. They could not stop the war. Strangely, his death even helped the national unity of August 1914, which the French called the “union sacrée”, even though Jaurès had fought for peace. France called up its soldiers on 1 August. Germany declared war on 3 August. On 4 August, at the funeral in Paris, Vaillant, the union leader Jouhaux and the prime minister Viviani spoke. In the Chamber, its president Paul Deschanel called Jaurès the martyr of his ideas, and all the deputies stood. He was buried on 5 August at Albi. The trial of Raoul Villain was delayed during the whole war. It opened in March 1919 before the court of the Seine. The defense said Villain was unbalanced. The investigation left dark points, for example about his money. On 29 March 1919, the jury declared him not guilty. The vote of a jury is secret; the press reported that only one juror had voted against.<ref name="n39">Lalouette 2014, chapters III and IV. The vote of the jury is secret; the single dissenting juror rests on reports in the press.</ref> The widow of Jaurès even had to pay the costs of the trial. The verdict caused protest far beyond the left. On 6 April 1919, a huge march crossed Paris.<ref name="n40">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> Villain later lived in [[Spain]], on the island of Ibiza. Members of a republican militia (an armed group) killed him there in 1936, at the start of the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish civil war]].<ref name="n41">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> == Memory == [[File:15-3-25, Castres, inauguration du monument Jaurès - btv1b53143825v.jpg|thumb|The opening of the Jaurès monument at [[Castres]], 15 March 1925.]] Jaurès entered legend almost at once. On 23 November 1924, under a left-wing government, his body was moved to the Panthéon. Two funeral marches followed it, one official and one communist. The heritage of Jaurès had already become a prize in the fight between socialists and communists, the two parties born from the split of 1920.<ref name="n42">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology; Duclert 2013.</ref> ''L’Humanité'', now the paper of the Communist Party, and the SFIO of Léon Blum both claimed to continue his fight. In the 1930s, the “neosocialists” of Marcel Déat also claimed his name, before they moved toward collaboration with the Nazis; Blum had to defend the memory of the founder.<ref name="n43">Duclert 2013, chapter “Entre ‘néosocialisme’ et ‘révolution intégrale’”.</ref> In 1936, the Popular Front celebrated its victory in his name. Monuments came early. A society of friends of Jaurès appeared in 1916. The first public monuments rose in 1921. Carmaux opened its monument in 1923, with the writer [[Anatole France]]; Castres followed in 1925, Toulouse in 1929. In 1992, the Fondation Jean-Jaurès was created, with Pierre Mauroy as president. On 21 May 1981, the day he took office, President [[François Mitterrand]] laid a rose on the tomb of Jaurès in the Panthéon. Thousands of streets, squares, schools and metro stations carry his name. Today, politicians of almost all parties claim Jaurès, sometimes with very free readings that historians correct. The scientific study of Jaurès is organized around the Société d’études jaurésiennes, founded in 1959, one hundred years after his birth. Ernest Labrousse led it first, then Madeleine Rebérioux from 1982 to 2005. The national center and museum Jean-Jaurès opened at Castres in 1988. Since 2000, the publisher Fayard prints a complete scholarly edition of his works. The years 2009 (150 years after his birth) and 2014 (100 years after his death) brought many ceremonies of memory and new research.<ref name="n44">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == His ideas and his works == === The philosopher === Jaurès always looked for synthesis, the union of ideas that seem opposed. For him, philosophy and action never stood apart. His thesis describes the world as one living whole. For Jaurès, the world is not dead matter only. Human thought is part of the life of the world, and continues its movement. From this came his deepest belief: the ideal of justice is not a dream laid over the world from outside. It is a force already at work inside it. So ideas and the economic forces of history do not have to fight each other. === The socialism of the Republic === From Marx, whom he had studied closely, Jaurès took the analysis of class struggle and the weight of the economy. But he refused to make the economy the only cause of history. In his debate of 1895 with Lafargue, he showed that moral ideas, born from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, have a force of their own in history.<ref name="n45">Jean Jaurès and Paul Lafargue, “Idéalisme et matérialisme dans la conception de l’histoire”, public debate, 1895; Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> For him, socialism completes the Republic. It extends the power of the citizen to the economy, through the common ownership of the great tools of production, like factories, mines and railways. He gave the road to it a name: “revolutionary evolution”. It means: win majorities in free elections, gather reforms one after the other, and organize the workers, instead of taking power by violence.<ref name="n46">On this “method” of “revolutionary evolution”, see Scot 2014.</ref> This made him a special kind of reformist, who never gave up the goal of a fully changed society. Socialists who followed Marx more strictly said he believed too much in ideas. The revolutionary trade unionists said he believed too much in parliament. Yet in his last ten years, he was the most listened-to leader of French socialism and one of the great voices of the International. === Secularism and religion === [[Secularism]] stood at the heart of his action. Secularism is the rule that the state and the churches must be separate. A son of the republican school and a constant friend of the teachers, Jaurès saw it as a guarantee of freedom, not as a weapon against religion. This explains his support for a liberal separation in 1905, and his great speech of January 1910 for the secular school. He had left the faith of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. A long text on religion and socialism, unpublished in his lifetime, shows this lasting question: socialism, he thought, would have to answer the spiritual needs of humanity in another way than the churches.<ref name="n47">“Pour la laïque”, speech in the Chamber, January 1910; Jean Jaurès, ''La Question religieuse et le socialisme'', text edited by Michel Launay, Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1959.</ref> === The nation, the International and the colonies === Some people said: you must choose between your country and the International. Jaurès answered: the two go together. The nation is the historical home where the workers win their rights. The International is the tool that must keep the nations out of war. ''L’Armée nouvelle'' says it in a famous sentence: “A little internationalism takes one away from the fatherland; much internationalism brings one back to it. A little patriotism takes one away from the International; much patriotism brings one back to it.”<ref name="n48">Jean Jaurès, ''L’Armée nouvelle'', Paris, Jules Rouff, 1911.</ref> His position on the colonies shows the same tension: he believed in ideas good for all people, but he criticized rule by force over other peoples. He started from the common belief in a civilizing mission. He ended as a strong critic of the violence of conquest, of the hunt for quick money, and of the dangers of war between the powers. But he never rejected colonization itself as a principle. === The historian === His work as a historian was also important. He wrote the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' mainly between 1898 and 1903, after long work in archives. Its ambition was new: tell the Revolution through economic and social life, give the people a voice as actors, and measure the early hopes of material equality. The word “socialist” in the title shocked many scholars; even Alphonse Aulard, the first professor of the history of the Revolution, criticized it. Later historians judged otherwise. Albert Mathiez and then Albert Soboul re-edited the work. It is now seen as the founding book of the social history of the French Revolution. In 1903, on Jaurès’s proposal, the parliament also created a commission to publish the economic documents of the Revolution; it worked for decades.<ref name="n49">Rioux 2005, who reports the criticism of Alphonse Aulard (1902) and the analysis of Mona Ozouf on the word “socialist”.</ref> === The orator and the journalist === In the memory of the French, Jaurès keeps a special place among the great speakers of the Third Republic. He had a powerful voice and a vast culture, used without notes. He could lift every debate toward general principles. Witnesses also said that he knew every file exactly. So his speeches were proofs as much as flights of words. As a journalist, he wrote almost every day for nearly thirty years. He wrote in ''La Dépêche'', in ''La Petite République'' and in ''L’Humanité''. These several thousand articles form one of the largest bodies of press writing of his time. == Timeline == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date !! Event |- | 3 September 1859 || Born at Castres (Tarn). |- | 1878 || First at the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. |- | 1881 || Passed the agrégation of philosophy; teacher at the lycée of Albi. |- | 4 October 1885 || Elected deputy of the Tarn, the youngest in France, on a republican list. |- | 29 June 1886 || Married Louise Bois. |- | September 1889 || Lost the elections; returned to the University of Toulouse. |- | 1892 || Doctor of philosophy; miners’ strike at Carmaux (August–November). |- | January 1893 || Elected socialist deputy of Carmaux in a by-election; re-elected in August. |- | 1895–1896 || Glass workers’ strike at Carmaux; foundation of the workers’ glassworks of Albi. |- | January 1898 || Entered the [[Dreyfus affair]] after Zola’s “J’accuse…!”. |- | 8 May 1898 || Lost his seat at Carmaux to the Marquis de Solages. |- | Summer 1898 || Published ''Les Preuves'' in ''La Petite République'', then as a book. |- | June 1899 || Supported the government of republican defense of Waldeck-Rousseau. |- | November 1900 || Debate of the “two methods” with Jules Guesde at Lille. |- | 1901–1908 || Publication of the ''Histoire socialiste'' (1789–1900). |- | April 1902 || Re-elected at Carmaux; pillar of the left-wing bloc (vice-president of the Chamber in 1903). |- | 30 July 1903 || Speech to the youth, at Albi. |- | 18 April 1904 || First issue of ''L’Humanité''; in August, international congress of Amsterdam. |- | April 1905 || Congress of the salle du Globe: birth of the SFIO. |- | 9 December 1905 || The law of separation of the churches and the state becomes official. |- | June 1906 || Great debate with Clemenceau on radicalism and socialism. |- | 12 July 1906 || Captain Dreyfus declared innocent by the highest court of France. |- | October 1908 || Congress of Toulouse of the SFIO: the unity is confirmed. |- | 1910–1911 || Vote of the workers’ pensions law; publication of ''L’Armée nouvelle''. |- | July–October 1911 || Lecture tour in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. |- | 24–25 November 1912 || Speech for peace at the international congress of Basel. |- | 25 May 1913 || Meeting of Le Pré-Saint-Gervais against the three-year military law. |- | 26 April 1914 || Re-elected at Carmaux; about one hundred SFIO deputies. |- | 31 July 1914 || Murdered at the Café du Croissant, in Paris, by Raoul Villain. |- | 29 March 1919 || Raoul Villain found not guilty by the court of the Seine. |- | 23 November 1924 || Jaurès’s body moved to the Panthéon. |- | 14 November 1959 || Foundation of the Société d’études jaurésiennes. |} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == * Candar (Gilles) and Duclert (Vincent), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Fayard, 2014. (The main scholarly biography.) * Duclert (Vincent), ''Jaurès 1859-1914. La politique et la légende'', Paris, Autrement, 2013. (A short study of his life and of his legend.) * Lalouette (Jacqueline), ''Jean Jaurès. L’assassinat, la gloire, le souvenir'', Paris, Perrin, 2014. (A book about his murder, the trial of his killer and his memory.) * Rioux (Jean-Pierre), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Perrin, 2005. (A clear short biography.) * Scot (Jean-Paul), ''Jaurès et le réformisme révolutionnaire'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. (A study of his political ideas.) * Jaurès (Jean), ''Œuvres'', Paris, Fayard, scholarly edition in progress since 2000. (His collected works.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaures, Jean}} [[Category:French politicians]] [[Category:French journalists]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:Assassinated French politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from Occitanie]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in France]] [[Category:Social democrats]] [[Category:1859 births]] [[Category:1914 deaths]] [[Category:People from Tarn]] 9o6oglvt9hll7jdxfh3spdgwnk390a5 10882946 10882940 2026-06-10T05:37:38Z PandaMystique 1817766 10882946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jean Jaurès | image = Jean Jaurès, par Nadar, 1898.jpg | caption = Jaurès in 1898 (photograph by Nadar) | office = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start = 1902 | term_end = 1914 | office2 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start2 = 1893 | term_end2 = 1898 | office3 = Member of the French Chamber of Deputies for the [[Tarn]] | term_start3 = 1885 | term_end3 = 1889 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1859|9|3|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Castres]], [[France]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1914|7|31|1859|9|3|df=y}} | death_place = [[Paris]], France | resting_place = Panthéon, Paris | party = SFIO (1905–1914) | spouse = Louise Bois (married 1886) | children = 2 | alma_mater = [[École normale supérieure]] | occupation = Politician, philosopher, journalist, historian }} '''Jean Jaurès''' (3 September 1859 – 31 July 1914) was a [[France|French]] politician, [[philosopher]], [[journalist]] and [[historian]]. He was one of the most important leaders of French [[socialism]]. Jaurès entered the French parliament in 1885, at the age of 26. A great miners’ [[Strike action|strike]] in the town of [[Carmaux]] made him a socialist in 1892. In 1898, he fought to prove that Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]], a Jewish officer accused of [[treason]] (helping the enemy), was innocent. In 1904, he started the [[newspaper]] [[L'Humanité|''L’Humanité'']]. In 1905, he helped unite the French socialists in one party, the SFIO. In his last years, he fought against the danger of a great European war. A young French nationalist shot and killed him in [[Paris]] on 31 July 1914, three days before [[Germany]] declared war on France. Jaurès is one of the most honored people in French history. In 1924, his body was moved to the Panthéon, the famous building in Paris where France keeps its great men and women. Thousands of streets, squares and schools in France carry his name. He also left important written works. The main ones are a thesis in philosophy, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (printed in 1891, defended in 1892); a great history of the [[French Revolution]], the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' (1901–1904); and the book ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (1911). He also wrote several thousand newspaper articles. == Early years and studies (1859–1881) == === A childhood in the Tarn === Jean Jaurès was born in [[Castres]], a small town in the [[Tarn]], in the south of France. His family was middle-class but not rich. His father, Jules Jaurès (1819–1882), had failed in business. He made his living from a small farm, La Fédial, near the town. His mother, Adélaïde Barbaza (1822–1906), was a very religious Catholic. She watched closely over the education of her two sons. The younger son, Louis (1860–1937), later became an admiral (a chief of the navy) and a deputy. Jean grew up between the town and the countryside. All his life, he kept a deep love for the south of France, for the Occitan language, and for the world of the peasants (small farmers). He never forgot their problems when he became a politician. In 1869, Jaurès entered the school of Castres with a scholarship (money given to a good student). He was a brilliant pupil. In 1876, a school inspector, Félix Deltour, saw that he had great abilities. He sent the boy to Paris, to the Sainte-Barbe school, to prepare the entrance examination of the [[École normale supérieure]]. This is a famous French school that trains teachers and scholars. The same year, at sixteen, Jaurès gave his first public speech, a welcome to the prefect (the chief officer of the area). In 1878, he won the first prize of a national competition for the best speech in French. Then he came first in the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. The philosopher [[Henri Bergson]] entered the school the same year. === Student of philosophy === At the École normale supérieure, Jaurès chose philosophy. He liked this subject because it tries to understand the world as a whole. In 1881, he came third in the agrégation of philosophy, a very hard examination for future teachers, behind Paul Lesbazeilles and Bergson.<ref name="n1">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> The Republic and its free schools had opened this road to him. For this reason, he was thankful to the Republic all his life. For him, the Republic was a promise: knowledge could free the poor. == Teacher and young deputy (1881–1889) == === Teaching philosophy === In the autumn of 1881, Jaurès became a teacher at the lycée (secondary school) of [[Albi]]. He chose to stay near his family: his father was very sick and died in May 1882. His teaching was a great success. He spoke without notes and treated his students as equals. At the start of 1883, he began teaching courses at the University of [[Toulouse]]. He gave his first lecture there on 15 January. At the end of the same year, with the help of the rector Perroud, he became a lecturer there. He also gave lessons in morals at a girls’ school. In these courses, he slowly built his own philosophy of history. For Jaurès, philosophy and politics did not fight each other. They needed each other. === The youngest deputy of France === The republicans of the Tarn asked Jaurès to be a candidate in the elections of 1885. On 4 October, he was elected with a little more than half of the votes.<ref name="n2">Rioux 2005, chronology (50.9% of the votes); Duclert 2013 (Jaurès, best elected of the five republicans of the Tarn, with 48,040 votes).</ref> At 26, he was the youngest deputy of France. A deputy is a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the French parliament. He sat with the moderate republicans, not with the socialists. In March 1886, after a miners’ strike at Decazeville, he did not vote with the socialist deputies. But he worked on social questions from the start. In 1886, he proposed a law on funds to help sick workers and pay for their old age. In 1887, he wrote the report on the law that created safety delegates (workers chosen to watch over safety) in the mines. His first speech, in October 1886, was about schools. On 29 June 1886, Jaurès married Louise Bois, the daughter of a merchant of Albi. They had two children: Madeleine (1889–1951) and Louis (1898–1918). Louis was killed in the [[World War I|First World War]], four years after his father. Through his wife, Jaurès could use the country house of Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent almost every summer. In January 1887, he wrote his first article in ''La Dépêche'', the great republican newspaper of Toulouse. He wrote there until 1914, more than a thousand articles in all. In these years he also fought against General Boulanger, a popular soldier who was a danger for the Republic. The elections of September 1889 used a new system, with one deputy for each small district. Jaurès was a candidate in the first district of Castres. The conservatives were strong there. Their chief was Baron René Reille, the head of the Reille-Solages group, which owned the mines of Carmaux. Jaurès won a majority in the town of Castres itself. But he lost in the countryside. The conservative Léon Abrial beat him with 9,632 votes against 8,776.<ref name="n3">Duclert 2013, chapter “La défaite de Castres”; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> In the same elections, Baron Reille kept his seat, and his son-in-law, the Marquis de Solages, a director of the mining company, won the district of Carmaux. Jaurès went back to the university and to philosophy. == Becoming a socialist (1889–1893) == [[File:JauresACarmaux.jpg|thumb|The statue of Jaurès at [[Carmaux]], opened in 1923.]] === Doctor of philosophy and city politician === Back in Toulouse, Jaurès finished his two theses. He defended them at the start of 1892. The main thesis, ''De la réalité du monde sensible'' (On the reality of the world we can feel), says that the world around us is real and forms a living whole. The second thesis, written in Latin, looks for the roots of socialism in German philosophy, from Luther to Hegel.<ref name="n4">''De la réalité du monde sensible'', Paris, Alcan, 1891; ''De Primis socialismi germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte et Hegel'', Toulouse, 1891.</ref> So Jaurès first found socialism through philosophy. The fights of the workers made him an active fighter for socialism later. In 1890, Jaurès was elected to the city council of Toulouse. He became a deputy mayor in charge of public schools. In his articles in ''La Dépêche'', he watched the growth of the workers’ movement. He thought about the first May Day (1 May, the new day of the workers) and about the soldiers who shot strikers at Fourmies in 1891. Step by step, he moved toward socialist ideas. Lucien Herr, the librarian of the École normale supérieure, helped him in this direction. He also had long talks with the socialist chief Jules Guesde. One meeting in Toulouse, in March 1892, became famous. But historians say his change was slow and gradual, not the result of one night.<ref name="n5">Scot 2014. The author tells of the Toulouse discussion of 27 March 1892, but shows that Carmaux was the real “social laboratory” of the change.</ref> === Carmaux, the school of social struggle === The mining town of Carmaux brought Jaurès and the workers’ movement together. In the city elections of 1 May 1892, the socialist list won. On 15 May, Jean-Baptiste Calvignac became mayor. Calvignac was a metal worker of the mining company and the secretary of the miners’ [[trade union]]. A trade union is a group that defends the workers. The company refused to give him free time for his work as mayor. On 2 August, it dismissed him (took away his job). For the miners, this was an attack on universal suffrage, the right of all adult men to vote. In the middle of August, the strike became general. It lasted almost three months. The government sent soldiers into the town. In ''La Dépêche'', Jaurès took the side of the miners. His argument was simple and strong. If a worker cannot be a mayor without losing his job, then paid work and the rights of the citizen cannot live together. In that case, the whole social order is wrong. The strike became a national affair. On 30 October 1892, arbitrators (outside judges chosen to end the conflict) gave their decision. Calvignac got his job back. Most strikers were taken back, except a few men found guilty of violence. In the middle of October, the Marquis de Solages, now without political support, had resigned as deputy.<ref name="n6">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter VII; Scot 2014. See also Jaurès’s articles “Les incidents de Carmaux”, ''La Dépêche'', 29 August 1892, and “La question de principe”, ''La Dépêche'', 19 September 1892.</ref> A by-election (a special election for one empty seat) followed in January 1893. After long discussions, the socialists of Carmaux chose Jaurès as their candidate. He accepted the program of Jules Guesde’s workers’ party, which had good ideas for the farmers. In the second round, he won with about 52% of the votes. In the general elections of August 1893, he was re-elected in the first round with 59.3%.<ref name="n7">Duclert 2013, chronology (52.1% in January, 59.3% in August 1893); Scot 2014.</ref> The republican professor had become the socialist deputy of the miners, and also of many peasants. == Socialist deputy (1893–1898) == About fifty socialist deputies entered the Chamber in 1893. Jaurès quickly became one of its most listened-to speakers. He defended the public freedoms against the hard laws voted after bomb attacks by anarchists. He spoke for the peasants, the teachers and the workers. In 1895, he had a famous public debate with Paul Lafargue about history: do ideas move history, or only economic forces? Jaurès answered: both. He wanted to join the ideas of [[Karl Marx]] with the moral ideal of the French Revolution. The Tarn remained his home ground. In 1895, the glass workers of Carmaux went on strike against their employer, Eugène Rességuier. They lost. Jaurès gave them a new kind of answer: a [[cooperative]], a factory owned by the workers themselves. The Verrerie ouvrière (workers’ glassworks) of Albi opened in October 1896, paid by gifts from all over France. It became a symbol of the French cooperative movement.<ref name="n8">Rioux 2005; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> At the same time, the local men of power attacked the socialist town of Carmaux. The courts removed Calvignac from office and took away his political rights for five years. Jaurès was also one of the best experts on the problems of the farmers. In a speech of July 1897, he explained that socialism was not the enemy of the small farmer. It was his defense against money-lenders and middlemen (traders who stand between farmers and buyers). This care for the countryside explains part of his strong election results. On 15 March 1897, in a great speech on the [[Ottoman Empire]], he denounced the massacres of the Armenians. He accused the European powers, France among them, of letting whole peoples die for money and for good relations between states. It was one of the first great protests of this kind in the French parliament.<ref name="n9">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (speech of 15 March 1897 on the Ottoman Empire).</ref> == The Dreyfus affair (1897–1899) == === From doubt to commitment === In December 1894, a military court found Captain Alfred Dreyfus guilty of treason. Like almost everyone, Jaurès first believed that Dreyfus was guilty. He even protested in the Chamber: a simple soldier, he said, would have been shot for less. His change came in January 1898, after [[Émile Zola]] published his famous open letter “J’accuse…!”. Jaurès then denounced the illegal trial of 1894 at the tribune (the speaker’s platform) of the Chamber. On 22 January, a royalist deputy (a supporter of the kings), the Count de Bernis, hit him as he came down from the tribune. On 12 February, Jaurès was a witness at Zola’s trial. The defenders of Dreyfus praised his exact knowledge of the case. This fight made him almost alone among the socialists. Most of them, behind Guesde, saw the affair as a quarrel inside the middle class. Their public statement of 24 July 1898 said that the workers had nothing to do in this battle. The fight also cost Jaurès his seat. On 8 May 1898, all his enemies united behind the Marquis de Solages. Jaurès lost at Carmaux with 45% of the votes, although the socialists were growing in the whole country.<ref name="n10">Duclert 2013 (5,515 votes against 6,702 for the Marquis de Solages).</ref> In July, the university of Paris also refused him a course. He had lost his seat, his hope of a post as professor, and much support in his own camp. Only his pen and his voice remained. === Les Preuves (The Proofs) === Jaurès became an editor and co-director of ''La Petite République'', the main socialist newspaper of Paris. On 7 July 1898, the new war minister, Cavaignac, read documents in the Chamber. He said they proved the guilt of Dreyfus. The friends of Dreyfus felt beaten. Jaurès saw a chance instead: the documents were forgeries (false papers), and the case was now open again before the whole country. [[Léon Blum]] later compared his action to Zola’s “J’accuse…!”.<ref name="n11">Léon Blum, ''Souvenirs sur l’Affaire'', quoted by Duclert 2013.</ref> Jaurès gave his summer to the work. From 10 August 1898, ''La Petite République'' published his study, later printed as a book: ''Les Preuves'' (The Proofs). He showed three things. The trial of 1894 was illegal, because secret papers were shown only to the judges. The famous bordereau (the written list at the start of the case) was the work of another officer, Esterhazy. And the papers read by Cavaignac were forged. Events proved him right very fast. On 30 August, Colonel Henry confessed that he had forged the main paper. He killed himself the next day. On 26 September, the government asked the highest court to review the trial of 1894.<ref name="n12">Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013.</ref> For Jaurès, defending one innocent man was a socialist duty. Socialism fights for humanity; it cannot look away when humanity is crushed in a single person. Justice and law are not “middle-class” values; they protect the weak first. In 1899, he followed the second trial of Dreyfus at Rennes for his newspaper. The judges found the innocent man guilty again, and the president pardoned him. Jaurès did not stop. With the Dreyfus family, he worked until the full rehabilitation (the official statement of innocence) of 12 July 1906. His great speech of April 1903 in the Chamber had started this last step.<ref name="n13">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Defending the Republic (1899–1904) == === The Millerand question === In June 1899, at the worst moment of the nationalist crisis, Waldeck-Rousseau formed a government of “republican defense”: its goal was to protect the Republic against its enemies. A socialist, [[Alexandre Millerand]], became a minister in it, next to General de Galliffet, an old enemy of the workers. It was the first time a socialist entered a “middle-class” government. The socialists were deeply divided about it. Jaurès defended the choice: when the Republic is in danger, the workers must save it, because the Republic makes all future progress possible. In December 1899, a general congress of the socialist groups met in Paris, at the salle Japy. It voted two opposite texts. One said that a socialist must never enter a government of this kind. The other accepted it in special cases, under the control of the party.<ref name="n14">Scot 2014. The motion of Guesde passed by 818 votes against 634; the motion of the commission by 1,140 against 240.</ref> In November 1900, at Lille, Jaurès and Guesde debated “the two methods” before thousands of party members: winning reforms step by step, or simply waiting for the revolution. The split followed. Guesde and his allies formed one party (1901); Jaurès and his friends another (1902). For Jaurès, the results justified the risk. As minister, Millerand shortened the working day, opened the labor council to workers’ delegates, and prepared workers’ [[pension]]s. Waldeck-Rousseau pushed the employers of Le Creusot to negotiate during the big strikes.<ref name="n15">Duclert 2013.</ref> Above all, the Republic was saved from the nationalist attack. === In the left-wing bloc === Re-elected at Carmaux in April 1902, Jaurès became a pillar of the left-wing majority that supported the government of Émile Combes. In January 1903, the deputies elected him vice-president of the Chamber. He put his talent at the service of the secular school (the public school without religion) and of the control of religious orders (religious groups like monks and nuns). On 30 July 1903, at the prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, he gave his “Speech to the youth”. It contains one of his most famous sentences: “Courage is to look for the truth and to tell it”.<ref name="n16">Jean Jaurès, “Discours à la jeunesse”, prize ceremony of the lycée of Albi, 30 July 1903.</ref> These years were also years of writing. Jaurès directed the ''Histoire socialiste (1789–1900)'', a history written by many authors, in thirteen volumes (1901–1908). He himself wrote the volumes on the French Revolution, the story of the war of 1870–1871, and the conclusion. The book was based on long research in archives. It told the Revolution through economic and social life, and gave a voice to the common people. It had a lasting influence on historians.<ref name="n17">Rioux 2005. The work was re-edited by Albert Mathiez (1922–1924), then by Albert Soboul (Éditions sociales, 1968–1973).</ref> Jaurès played a leading part on the road to the separation of the churches and the state. In May 1904, ''L’Humanité'', his new newspaper, printed a secret note of protest sent by the [[Pope]] to the European governments against the visit of President Loubet to Rome. The scandal broke the relations between France and [[Vatican City|the Vatican]].<ref name="n18">Candar and Duclert 2014. Prince Albert I of Monaco gave the note to the newspaper.</ref> Separation became certain. With [[Aristide Briand]], Jaurès supported a liberal separation, which respected freedom of belief. He helped pass article 4, in April 1905, which made the law workable and peaceful.<ref name="n19">Rioux 2005, chronology (22 April 1905).</ref> The Chamber passed the law on 3 July. The Senate gave its final approval on 6 December. The law was officially published on 9 December 1905. == L’Humanité and socialist unity (1904–1905) == [[File:L'Humanité 18-04-1904.jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of the first issue of ''L’Humanité'' (18 April 1904).]] === A new newspaper === The first issue of ''L’Humanité'' appeared on 18 April 1904, with Jaurès as director. Lucien Herr found the name. Friends and citizens who wanted social progress, among them the philosopher Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, gave the starting money, about 850,000 francs.<ref name="n20">Candar and Duclert 2014. The details of the starting money are still not fully known.</ref> In his first editorial (the article giving the views of the paper), “Notre but” (Our goal), Jaurès wrote that the paper would give free minds full and exact information, so that they could judge the world themselves. He explained the title: humanity “does not yet exist, or hardly exists”, and the socialists work to make it real.<ref name="n21">Jean Jaurès, “Notre but”, ''L’Humanité'', 18 April 1904.</ref> People joked that it was “the newspaper of the seventeen agrégés”, because so many of its writers were scholars. The first issue sold 130,000 copies. Then sales fell badly. From 1907, the paper became stable, around 60,000 to 70,000 copies, and it grew again before the war.<ref name="n22">Candar and Duclert 2014 (130,000 copies at the start, fewer than 30,000 in October 1906, 60,000 to 70,000 from 1907).</ref> Jaurès wrote an article in it almost every day until his death. === From Amsterdam to the salle du Globe === In August 1904, the congress of the [[Second International|Socialist International]] met in Amsterdam. For hours, Jaurès defended the French policy of republican defense before August Bebel and Karl Kautsky, the German leaders. The Republic, he said, was won by the people; it deserved to be saved. The majority voted against him. The congress adopted the text of Dresden. It said again that socialists must not enter such governments, and it asked the French socialists to unite in one party of class struggle (the open fight between workers and owners).<ref name="n23">Duclert 2013; Rioux 2005.</ref> Jaurès accepted the decision. For him, unity now came first. At the start of 1905, he broke with the left-wing bloc. His old reformist friends, Millerand, Briand and Viviani, refused the discipline of the new party and stayed out. The delegates of the rival parties met in Paris, at the salle du Globe, from 23 April 1905. They founded the Parti socialiste, Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), proclaimed on 25 April.<ref name="n24">Scot 2014; Rioux 2005; Duclert 2013. The sources differ a little on the exact dates of the congress.</ref> Jaurès obtained freedom for the local groups of the party (the federations) and a small central organization. At first, the strictest groups kept him out of the leadership. Their paper, ''Le Socialiste'', became the official newspaper of the party, not ''L’Humanité''. This did not last. Through his speeches, his paper and his work in the congresses, Jaurès slowly became the real leader of the united party. The congress of Toulouse, in 1908, confirmed it: his great speech on reform and revolution won over almost all the party members.<ref name="n25">Rioux 2005 (“Éloge de la réforme”); Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> These were also years of hard personal fights. In December 1904, after a quarrel with the nationalist Paul Déroulède, Jaurès fought a pistol duel with him near the Spanish border. Nobody was hit. At the start of 1905, he led a campaign in ''L’Humanité'' for the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|first Russian revolution]]. In May 1905, he debated with Gustave Hervé about the socialist and the fatherland. In July, the German chancellor Bülow forbade a speech he was to give in Berlin. The text, on the friendship of peoples, appeared the same day in ''L’Humanité'' and in the German socialist paper ''Vorwärts''.<ref name="n26">Rioux 2005, chronology; Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == Leader of the socialists (1906–1911) == In May 1906, Jaurès kept his seat at Carmaux by a small majority. The SFIO now had 51 deputies. In June 1906, he had a famous debate in the Chamber with [[Georges Clemenceau]] about radicalism and socialism. Jaurès said: the Republic will be complete only when liberty and equality also rule the economy. In October 1906, the CGT, the main trade union group, declared itself independent from all parties (the Charter of Amiens). Jaurès chose respect and dialogue, not control. The SFIO accepted this independence at its congress of Limoges, and ''L’Humanité'' gave the CGT its own space in the paper. In the social conflicts of these years, Jaurès always stood with the workers. He supported the revolt of the southern wine-growers in 1907. He protested against the deadly violence used against strikers at Draveil and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges in 1908, and against the arrest of the CGT leaders. He attacked the government of Briand for breaking the railway strike of 1910. The same year, against Guesde, he made his party support the new law on workers’ and peasants’ pensions.<ref name="n27">Rioux 2005, chronology (congress of Nîmes, February 1910).</ref> His method stayed the same: win real reforms now, without giving up the full change of society. Colonial questions took a growing place in his speeches. As a young man, he had accepted the common idea of a French “civilizing mission” (the belief that France brought progress to other peoples). Later, he became one of the strongest critics of colonial conquest. In 1908, he denounced killings by the French army in [[Morocco]], and angry deputies almost stopped him from speaking. He attacked the companies that received giant lands in Africa or controlled the mines of Algeria. In June 1912, he fought the treaty that made Morocco a French protectorate (a country controlled by France). For him, colonial conquest was unjust to the colonized peoples and dangerous for peace in Europe. But his criticism stayed inside the ideas of his time. He attacked the methods of conquest, not the principle of a French presence overseas. Historians do not call him an anticolonialist in the later sense of the word. In 1910, he was re-elected with a comfortable majority, and the SFIO rose to 76 deputies. Inside the party, Jaurès held no official post. But he acted as a tireless mediator (peace-maker) between the different groups of the party. In 1911, the newspaper received a new structure. The party, the unions and the cooperatives entered its board, and Jaurès remained political director. He had become, in the words of the historian Jean-Pierre Rioux, the implicit but uncontested leader of French socialism.<ref name="n28">Rioux 2005, chapter “L’homme-orchestre”; on the reorganization of 1911, Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> From July to October 1911, he made a lecture tour in [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]], a sign that people now listened to him far beyond Europe. == Private life == People who knew Jaurès describe a simple man, careless about his clothes, short and heavy. His power lay in his speech and in his exceptional memory. He was a great reader and lived modestly. Most of his money came from his writing. His family life was divided between Paris and Bessoulet, near Albi, where he spent his summers. His wife Louise remained a religious Catholic and raised the children in her faith. In July 1901, their daughter Madeleine made her first communion (an important Catholic ceremony). Other socialists attacked Jaurès violently for this. He answered that freedom of belief began in his own home. He would not force his ideas on his family, as others forced their faith. He himself had left the Catholic religion of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. Sad events marked his last years: the death of his mother in 1906, and the birth of a grandson with a severe disability. Several biographers note a part of melancholy (quiet sadness) under his public optimism.<ref name="n29">Duclert 2013, on the “secret melancholy” of these years.</ref> == The fight against war (1905–1914) == [[File:25-5-13, manifestation du Pré-Saint-Gervais contre les trois ans, discours de Mr Jaurès - btv1b69253126.jpg|thumb|Jaurès speaks against the three-year army law at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, on 25 May 1913.]] === L’Armée nouvelle (The New Army) === In 1905, the German emperor’s visit to Tangier opened the first crisis over Morocco between France and Germany. From then on, peace stood at the center of Jaurès’s action. He was not against the defense of the country. Against Gustave Hervé, who called for revolt rather than war, he said that the workers have a fatherland, and that the nation, home of democracy, deserves to be defended. But only a defensive war is just. He put these ideas into a book, ''L’Armée nouvelle'' (The New Army). He presented it as a bill (a proposed law) in November 1910 and published it in April 1911. He proposed a citizen army built on the reserves (trained men called back only in case of war), like in Switzerland, with short training, new officers, and a defensive strategy. The welcome was cold, even on the left: the CGT and the Guesdists found the book too military.<ref name="n30">Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter on ''L’Armée nouvelle''.</ref> The book became useful again in 1913, and the World War later proved several of its ideas right, for example about a long war and the value of reserve soldiers. === From Basel to the three-year law === In the Socialist International, Jaurès worked to turn words into firm promises. At the congress of Stuttgart, in 1907, he and Édouard Vaillant made the congress ask the workers of all countries to use every means to stop war. In November 1912, while war burned in the Balkans, an extraordinary congress met at Basel, in [[Switzerland]]. The Protestant church lent its cathedral. From its pulpit (the speaker’s place in a church), Jaurès gave a famous appeal for peace, built on [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]]’s poem “The Song of the Bell”.<ref name="n31">Scot 2014, who quotes the appeal built on the ''Song of the Bell''; Candar and Duclert 2014.</ref> But the congress decided no precise common action, and Jaurès worried more and more about the German party. In France, the year 1913 was filled by the fight against the new army law. The government wanted to raise military service from two years to three, because Germany was making its army much bigger. Jaurès saw in it a heavy and useless burden, which avoided the real reform of the army. He answered with the plan of ''L’Armée nouvelle'', spoke again and again in the Chamber, and held meetings all over the country. On 25 May 1913, at Le Pré-Saint-Gervais, near Paris, he spoke before about 150,000 people. A national petition collected 700,000 signatures.<ref name="n32">Scot 2014.</ref> The law passed anyway, on 19 July 1913. The nationalist press now attacked Jaurès with very great violence. It called him the man of Germany and a traitor. In April 1914, the voters answered: Jaurès was re-elected with more than 58% of the votes, and the SFIO won over one hundred seats, its best result ever.<ref name="n33">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology (58% of the votes; 102 SFIO deputies out of 601 seats).</ref> === July 1914 === On 28 June 1914, the heir to the throne of [[Austria-Hungary]] (the next in line to be emperor) was murdered at [[Sarajevo]]. Jaurès watched the European crisis grow worse. In the middle of July, the congress of the SFIO voted his idea: an international general strike of the workers, to force the governments to let outside judges settle the conflict. On 25 July, at Vaise, near Lyon, where he supported the candidate Marius Moutet, he explained that all the great states shared a part of the blame. Europe, he warned, stood at the edge of disaster.<ref name="n34">Candar and Duclert 2014; Lalouette 2014 (on the text of the Vaise speech).</ref> On 29 and 30 July, he was in [[Brussels]] for an urgent meeting of the International Socialist Bureau. In Brussels, on the evening of 29 July, he spoke at the Cirque royal before thousands of people. The German socialist Hugo Haase spoke before him against the policy of Austria. Jaurès gave a speech that many witnesses described later with strong emotion. When the leaders signed their common statement, Haase embraced Jaurès. It was the last image of the unity of the International. Its next congress, moved from Vienna to Paris for 9 August, never met.<ref name="n35">Jean Stengers, “Le dernier discours de Jaurès”, discussed in Candar and Duclert 2014, chapter I.</ref> Back in Paris, on 31 July, Jaurès led a small socialist delegation (a group sent to speak for the party) to the foreign ministry. The under-secretary (a junior minister) Abel Ferry received them. Jaurès pressed the government to do everything to keep the peace.<ref name="n36">Duclert 2013, from the testimony of Abel Ferry.</ref> For the next day, he planned a great article on the responsibilities of the crisis. That same morning, ''L’Humanité'' had printed his last article, “Sang-froid nécessaire” (Calm is necessary). == The assassination (31 July 1914) == [[File:L'Humanité 1914-08-01 (Jaurès assassiné).jpg|thumb|upright|The front page of ''L’Humanité'' of 1 August 1914 announces the murder of Jaurès.]] For months, part of the nationalist press had pointed at Jaurès with very great violence, almost calling for his death. In the fever of the last days of July 1914, one man answered these calls. On 31 July 1914, at about 9:40 in the evening, Jaurès had dinner with his co-workers at the Café du Croissant, rue Montmartre, close to his newspaper. He sat with his back to the open window. Only a curtain separated him from the street. Two revolver shots were fired at him from very close. One bullet hit his head. He died within moments.<ref name="n37">Lalouette 2014, chapter I; Duclert 2013.</ref> The killer was arrested at once. His name was Raoul Villain, a nationalist of twenty-eight, a member of the League of the young friends of Alsace-Lorraine and a reader of the nationalist press. Its campaigns had taught him to see Jaurès as the traitor who would hand France to Germany. At the police station, he explained his act by Jaurès’s fight against the three-year law. The investigation later showed planning: Villain had bought a second gun the day before, had asked questions at the door of ''L’Humanité'', and had already watched the café on the evening of 30 July.<ref name="n38">Lalouette 2014, chapter II. Villain gave his identity at the police station: “aged 28, born 19 September 1885 in Reims”.</ref> The news caused very strong emotion in the whole country. The government was afraid of riots just before the mobilization (the call of all soldiers to the army). So it honored the dead man. The workers’ organizations had lost their main voice for peace. They could not stop the war. Strangely, his death even helped the national unity of August 1914, which the French called the “union sacrée”, even though Jaurès had fought for peace. France called up its soldiers on 1 August. Germany declared war on 3 August. On 4 August, at the funeral in Paris, Vaillant, the union leader Jouhaux and the prime minister Viviani spoke. In the Chamber, its president Paul Deschanel called Jaurès the martyr of his ideas, and all the deputies stood. He was buried on 5 August at Albi. The trial of Raoul Villain was delayed during the whole war. It opened in March 1919 before the court of the Seine. His lawyers said that Villain was mentally unstable. Some questions were never answered, for example about his money. On 29 March 1919, the jury declared him not guilty. The vote of a jury is secret; the press reported that only one juror had voted against.<ref name="n39">Lalouette 2014, chapters III and IV. The vote of the jury is secret; the single dissenting juror rests on reports in the press.</ref> The widow of Jaurès even had to pay the costs of the trial. The verdict caused protest far beyond the left. On 6 April 1919, a huge march crossed Paris.<ref name="n40">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> Villain later lived in [[Spain]], on the island of Ibiza. Members of a republican militia (an armed group) killed him there in 1936, at the start of the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish civil war]].<ref name="n41">Lalouette 2014, chapter IV.</ref> == Memory == [[File:15-3-25, Castres, inauguration du monument Jaurès - btv1b53143825v.jpg|thumb|The opening of the Jaurès monument at [[Castres]], 15 March 1925.]] Jaurès became a legend almost at once. On 23 November 1924, under a left-wing government, his body was moved to the Panthéon. Two funeral marches followed it, one official and one communist. The heritage of Jaurès had already become a prize in the fight between socialists and communists, the two parties born from the split of 1920.<ref name="n42">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology; Duclert 2013.</ref> ''L’Humanité'', now the paper of the Communist Party, and the SFIO of Léon Blum both claimed to continue his fight. In the 1930s, the “neosocialists” of Marcel Déat also claimed his name, before they moved toward working with the Nazis; Blum had to defend the memory of the founder.<ref name="n43">Duclert 2013, chapter “Entre ‘néosocialisme’ et ‘révolution intégrale’”.</ref> In 1936, the Popular Front celebrated its victory in his name. Monuments came early. A society of friends of Jaurès appeared in 1916. The first public monuments rose in 1921. Carmaux opened its monument in 1923, with the writer [[Anatole France]]; Castres followed in 1925, Toulouse in 1929. In 1992, the Fondation Jean-Jaurès was created, with Pierre Mauroy as president. On 21 May 1981, the day he took office, President [[François Mitterrand]] laid a rose on the tomb of Jaurès in the Panthéon. Thousands of streets, squares, schools and metro stations carry his name. Today, politicians of almost all parties claim Jaurès, sometimes in ways far from his real ideas, which historians correct. The scientific study of Jaurès is organized around the Société d’études jaurésiennes, founded in 1959, one hundred years after his birth. Ernest Labrousse led it first, then Madeleine Rebérioux from 1982 to 2005. The national center and museum Jean-Jaurès opened at Castres in 1988. Since 2000, the publisher Fayard prints a complete scholarly edition (a careful edition made by specialists) of his works. The years 2009 (150 years after his birth) and 2014 (100 years after his death) brought many ceremonies of memory and new research.<ref name="n44">Candar and Duclert 2014, chronology.</ref> == His ideas and his works == === The philosopher === Jaurès always looked for synthesis, the union of ideas that seem opposed. For him, philosophy and action never stood apart. His thesis describes the world as one living whole. For Jaurès, the world is not dead matter only. Human thought is part of the life of the world, and continues its movement. From this came his deepest belief: the ideal of justice is not a dream laid over the world from outside. It is a force already at work inside it. So ideas and the economic forces of history do not have to fight each other. === The socialism of the Republic === From Marx, whom he had studied closely, Jaurès took the analysis of class struggle and the weight of the economy. But he refused to make the economy the only cause of history. In his debate of 1895 with Lafargue, he showed that moral ideas, born from the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, have a force of their own in history.<ref name="n45">Jean Jaurès and Paul Lafargue, “Idéalisme et matérialisme dans la conception de l’histoire”, public debate, 1895; Duclert 2013, chronology.</ref> For him, socialism completes the Republic. It extends the power of the citizen to the economy, through the common ownership of the great tools of production, like factories, mines and railways. He gave the road to it a name: “revolutionary evolution”. It means: win majorities in free elections, gather reforms one after the other, and organize the workers, instead of taking power by violence.<ref name="n46">On this “method” of “revolutionary evolution”, see Scot 2014.</ref> This made him a special kind of reformist, who never gave up the goal of a fully changed society. Socialists who followed Marx more strictly said he believed too much in ideas. The revolutionary trade unionists said he believed too much in parliament. Yet in his last ten years, he was the most listened-to leader of French socialism and one of the great voices of the International. === Secularism and religion === [[Secularism]] stood at the heart of his action. Secularism is the rule that the state and the churches must be separate. A son of the republican school and a constant friend of the teachers, Jaurès saw it as a guarantee of freedom, not as a weapon against religion. This explains his support for a liberal separation in 1905, and his great speech of January 1910 for the secular school. He had left the faith of his childhood, but he kept thinking about religion as a philosopher. A long text on religion and socialism, unpublished in his lifetime, shows this lasting question: socialism, he thought, would have to answer the spiritual needs (the needs of the soul) of humanity in another way than the churches.<ref name="n47">“Pour la laïque”, speech in the Chamber, January 1910; Jean Jaurès, ''La Question religieuse et le socialisme'', text edited by Michel Launay, Paris, Les Éditions de Minuit, 1959.</ref> === The nation, the International and the colonies === Some people said: you must choose between your country and the International. Jaurès answered: the two go together. The nation is the historical home where the workers win their rights. The International is the tool that must keep the nations out of war. ''L’Armée nouvelle'' says it in a famous sentence: “A little internationalism takes one away from the fatherland; much internationalism brings one back to it. A little patriotism takes one away from the International; much patriotism brings one back to it.”<ref name="n48">Jean Jaurès, ''L’Armée nouvelle'', Paris, Jules Rouff, 1911.</ref> His position on the colonies shows the same tension: he believed in ideas good for all people, but he criticized rule by force over other peoples. He started from the common belief in a civilizing mission. He ended as a strong critic of the violence of conquest, of the hunt for quick money, and of the dangers of war between the powers. But he never rejected colonization itself as a principle. === The historian === His work as a historian was also important. He wrote the ''Histoire socialiste de la Révolution française'' mainly between 1898 and 1903, after long work in archives. Its ambition was new: tell the Revolution through economic and social life, give the people a voice as actors, and measure the early hopes of material equality. The word “socialist” in the title shocked many scholars; even Alphonse Aulard, the first professor of the history of the Revolution, criticized it. Later historians judged otherwise. Albert Mathiez and then Albert Soboul re-edited the work. It is now seen as the founding book of the social history of the French Revolution. In 1903, on Jaurès’s proposal, the parliament also created a commission to publish the economic documents of the Revolution; it worked for decades.<ref name="n49">Rioux 2005, who reports the criticism of Alphonse Aulard (1902) and the analysis of Mona Ozouf on the word “socialist”.</ref> === The orator and the journalist === In the memory of the French, Jaurès keeps a special place among the great speakers of the Third Republic. He had a powerful voice and a vast culture, used without notes. He could lift every debate toward general principles. Witnesses also said that he knew every file exactly. So his speeches were proofs as much as fine words. As a journalist, he wrote almost every day for nearly thirty years. He wrote in ''La Dépêche'', in ''La Petite République'' and in ''L’Humanité''. These several thousand articles form one of the largest collections of newspaper writing of his time. == Timeline == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date !! Event |- | 3 September 1859 || Born at Castres (Tarn). |- | 1878 || First at the entrance examination of the École normale supérieure. |- | 1881 || Passed the agrégation of philosophy; teacher at the lycée of Albi. |- | 4 October 1885 || Elected deputy of the Tarn, the youngest in France, on a republican list. |- | 29 June 1886 || Married Louise Bois. |- | September 1889 || Lost the elections; returned to the University of Toulouse. |- | 1892 || Doctor of philosophy; miners’ strike at Carmaux (August–November). |- | January 1893 || Elected socialist deputy of Carmaux in a by-election; re-elected in August. |- | 1895–1896 || Glass workers’ strike at Carmaux; foundation of the workers’ glassworks of Albi. |- | January 1898 || Entered the [[Dreyfus affair]] after Zola’s “J’accuse…!”. |- | 8 May 1898 || Lost his seat at Carmaux to the Marquis de Solages. |- | Summer 1898 || Published ''Les Preuves'' in ''La Petite République'', then as a book. |- | June 1899 || Supported the government of republican defense of Waldeck-Rousseau. |- | November 1900 || Debate of the “two methods” with Jules Guesde at Lille. |- | 1901–1908 || Publication of the ''Histoire socialiste'' (1789–1900). |- | April 1902 || Re-elected at Carmaux; pillar of the left-wing bloc (vice-president of the Chamber in 1903). |- | 30 July 1903 || Speech to the youth, at Albi. |- | 18 April 1904 || First issue of ''L’Humanité''; in August, international congress of Amsterdam. |- | April 1905 || Congress of the salle du Globe: birth of the SFIO. |- | 9 December 1905 || The law of separation of the churches and the state becomes official. |- | June 1906 || Great debate with Clemenceau on radicalism and socialism. |- | 12 July 1906 || Captain Dreyfus declared innocent by the highest court of France. |- | October 1908 || Congress of Toulouse of the SFIO: the unity is confirmed. |- | 1910–1911 || Vote of the workers’ pensions law; publication of ''L’Armée nouvelle''. |- | July–October 1911 || Lecture tour in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. |- | 24–25 November 1912 || Speech for peace at the international congress of Basel. |- | 25 May 1913 || Meeting of Le Pré-Saint-Gervais against the three-year military law. |- | 26 April 1914 || Re-elected at Carmaux; about one hundred SFIO deputies. |- | 31 July 1914 || Murdered at the Café du Croissant, in Paris, by Raoul Villain. |- | 29 March 1919 || Raoul Villain found not guilty by the court of the Seine. |- | 23 November 1924 || Jaurès’s body moved to the Panthéon. |- | 14 November 1959 || Foundation of the Société d’études jaurésiennes. |} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Sources == * Candar (Gilles) and Duclert (Vincent), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Fayard, 2014. (The main scholarly biography.) * Duclert (Vincent), ''Jaurès 1859-1914. La politique et la légende'', Paris, Autrement, 2013. (A short study of his life and of his legend.) * Lalouette (Jacqueline), ''Jean Jaurès. L’assassinat, la gloire, le souvenir'', Paris, Perrin, 2014. (A book about his murder, the trial of his killer and his memory.) * Rioux (Jean-Pierre), ''Jean Jaurès'', Paris, Perrin, 2005. (A clear short biography.) * Scot (Jean-Paul), ''Jaurès et le réformisme révolutionnaire'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. (A study of his political ideas.) * Jaurès (Jean), ''Œuvres'', Paris, Fayard, scholarly edition in progress since 2000. (His collected works.) {{DEFAULTSORT:Jaures, Jean}} [[Category:French politicians]] [[Category:French journalists]] [[Category:French philosophers]] [[Category:Assassinated French politicians]] [[Category:Politicians from Occitanie]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in France]] [[Category:Social democrats]] [[Category:1859 births]] [[Category:1914 deaths]] [[Category:People from Tarn]] 235fehd6ysnokusjvsk9cgeds2z12fp 0 441807 10882841 9939438 2026-06-10T01:49:23Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882841 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victor Shem-Tov (00320276).jpg|thumb|200px|{{Center|Victor Shem-Tov}}]] '''Victor Shem-Tov''' ({{Lang-he|ויקטור שם-טוב}}, {{Lang-bg|Виктор Шемтов}}; 1 February 1915 &ndash; 8 March 2014) was an [[Israel]]i politician. He was minister without portfolio from 1969 to 1970, minister of health from 27 July 1970 to 20 June 1977, and also minister of welfare and social services from 3 June 1974 to 29 October 1974. Shem-Tov was born in [[Samokov]], [[Bulgaria]] and mostly lived in the [[Capital city|capital]] [[Sofia]]. In 1939, at the age of 24, he made [[aliyah]]. The same year he joined [[Hashomer Hatzair]]. Shem-Tov died on 8 March 2014. He was 99 years old.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.578584|title=Former minister Victor Shem-Tov dies at 98|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]|first=Jonathan|last=Lis|date=8 March 2014|accessdate=8 March 2014|archive-date=12 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312154541/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/1.578584|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=654 Bio at Knesset Website] {{Bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shem-Tov, Victor}} [[Category:1915 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:Bulgarian Jews]] [[Category:Members of the Knesset]] [[Category:Government ministers of Israel]] [[Category:Jewish Israeli politicians]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of Israel]] h0prbno0zczij1sblboocr68dkyot5h 0 445779 10882987 10598679 2026-06-10T07:22:44Z ~2026-34167-32 1819503 i have added her education 10882987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} [[Image:Miranda Kerr in February 2013.jpg|thumb|upright|Miranda Kerr, 2013]] '''Miranda Kerr''' (born 20 April 1983)<ref>{{cite web|title=Miranda Biography|publisher=People Magazine|url=http://www.people.com/people/miranda_kerr/biography|accessdate=6 April 2014|archive-date=29 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829074232/http://www.people.com/people/miranda_kerr/biography|url-status=dead}}</ref> is an [[Australia]]n [[writer]] and [[model (person)|model]]. She became famous in 2007 as one of the [[Victoria's Secret]] angels. Kerr began modeling at age 13. She started several [[organic]] [[skincare]] products. Miranda Kerr was born in [[Sydney]]. Though born in Sydney, Miranda attended All Hallows' School in Brisbane, until 2000 when she graudated. ==References== <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kerr, Miranda}} [[Category:Australian models]] [[Category:Australian writers]] [[Category:1983 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Sydney]] [[Category:IMG Models models]] {{bio-stub}} {{authority control}} hfjbwt135a8r7mbgv89b53kpj8ida7e 10 446847 10882829 10881994 2026-06-10T01:33:09Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10882829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=312078 |ed=333812 |created=42 |deleted=40028 |revdel=614 |eventdel=1 |restored=382 |blocked=1519 |protected=480 |unprotected=19 |rights=924 |reblock=222 |unblock=21 |modify=29 |filter=0 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=4415 |style={{{style|}}}}} qjn3utxxk3yq98o42zkxyyjmsxi9p4a 0 447401 10883034 10866356 2026-06-10T09:34:31Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Prime Minister | name = Péter Boross | image = Péter Boross 2014.JPG | order = [[Prime Minister of Hungary]]<br><small>2nd [[Third Hungarian Republic|Prime Minister of the Third Republic of Hungary]]</small> | president = [[Árpád Göncz]] | term_start = 12 December 1993 | term_end = 15 July 1994 | predecessor = [[József Antall]] | successor = [[Gyula Horn]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|8|27|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Nagybajom]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (Regency)|Hungary]] | death_date = | death_place = | children = 3 | spouse = {{marriage|Ilona Papp|1952|2010|reason=died}} | party = [[Hungarian Democratic Forum|MDF]] (1992–2010) }} '''Péter Boross''' (born 27 August 1928) is a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] politician who served as the [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] from 1993 to 1994. He is also known for his contributions to the country's transition to [[democracy]] in the wake of [[communism]]'s collapse. == Early life == Péter Boross was born on August 27, 1928, in Nagybajom, Hungary. His father, György Boross (1896–1993), fought in [[World War I]] and later worked as a forest engineer. His mother, Lujza Horváth (1905–1993), came from a smallholder farming family, a distant branch of the extinct noble Perneszy family in Somogy County. She was fond of Hungarian literature and theatre, especially Sándor Márai's writings. Boross had a younger brother, László (born 1932), who worked as a teacher. They grew up in Nagybajom and Újvárfalva, where they finished elementary school. In 1938, Boross began studying at a military secondary school in Kőszeg, and later continued at a cadet school in Pécs. During the final phase of [[World War II]], his school moved to Sopron, and then to Butzbach. He escaped from there and returned to Hungary through Vienna. He completed his final school exams in 1947 in Kaposvár, a year later than usual because of the war. He graduated as a jurist from the Faculty of Law, Eötvös Loránd University in 1951. After finishing legal education, Boross intended to become a lawyer, however the reputation and salary of the profession reduced during the Stalinist era, thus he began to work at the Metropolitan Council of Budapest. He was a lecturer at the Finance Department under the leadership of Ferenc Nezvál, who later served as Minister of Justice. During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, he was elected as a member of the Revolutionary Committee of Budapest and of the Revolutionary Council of the Intellectuals. As a result, he was fired from the Metropolitan Council in January 1957, following the crushing of the revolution. After that Boross worked as an unskilled worker in toy manufacturing. Finally, he was arrested for his role during the revolution in July 1957. After interrogations, he was transferred to an internment camp in Kistarcsa. Following his release soon after, Boross and his family were put under police surveillance in the forthcoming years until 1959. == Entrepreneurial career == Boross started his career in the catering industry as an inspector of stores in October 1957. However he was fired because of his past in 1956, and after that worked as a bartender in the Szikla Restaurant at Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden. Some months later he moved to the Széchenyi thermal bath's buffet. In September 1958 he became assistant manager in a restaurant at Kőbánya (District X, Budapest). He became manager in 1961, and his financial conditions stabilized by that time. Then he also became group leader on trade in goods at the local Catering Company in 1962. In this capacity, Boross took part in the organization of tertiary training of professionals in the Hungarian hospitality sector and tourism. Through the intercession of József Venesz, the most well-known chef in the Kádár regime, Boross was promoted to Deputy Director of the South-Pest Catering Company in 1965. During that time the company had two hundred catering units. The New Economic Mechanism, a major economic reform launched in 1968, was a "comprehensive reform of the economic system", creating market relationships among firms. On 21 December 1971, Boross became Director of the South-Pest Catering Company. He retired from this workplace and became a pensioner on 1 February 1989. == Political career == Péter Boross's political career began in 1990, when he was appointed as Hungary's Minister of the Interior in József Antall's government. He went on to serve as the Prime Minister of Hungary from 1993 to 1994, succeeding Antall after his death. As Prime Minister, Boross focused on strengthening Hungary's economy and implementing further democratic reforms. He introduced a series of measures aimed at improving the country's fiscal position and attracting foreign investment. He also worked to improve relations with neighboring countries, including Romania and Slovakia. Boross's tenure as Prime Minister was marked by significant political and economic challenges. His government was criticized for its handling of the economy, which was still recovering from the effects of communism. There were also tensions between Boross's Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) party and its coalition partners, which ultimately led to the collapse of his government in 1994. After his tenure as Prime Minister, Boross continued to be an active member of Hungary's political scene, serving as a member of parliament and as a member of the Hungarian [[European Parliament]] delegation. He also served as the president of the Hungarian National Association of Radio Amateurs and was active in several charitable organizations. Boross retired from active politics in 2010 but remains a respected and influential figure in Hungarian political circles. == Later life == Since retiring from active politics in 2010, Péter Boross has continued to be involved in public life through various activities. On 6 June 2010, following the 2010 parliamentary election, when [[Fidesz]] won a two-thirds majority, he became a member of the board advising Prime Minister [[Viktor Orbán]] on the conceptual foundations of the new Hungarian constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20100609-megtartotta-elso-uleset-az-uj-alkotmanyon-dolgozo-bizottsag.html |title=Megtartotta első ülését az új alkotmányon dolgozó bizottság |date=2010-06-09 |publisher=Origo.hu |access-date=2015-11-06}}</ref> In this capacity, Boross stated that he can envision a new constitutional government in the form of a [[Kingdom of Hungary|kingdom]]. Furthermore, he said that it is necessary to place broader authority and more powerful political authority into the hands of the Prime Minister by way of the new constitution. He has remained an active commentator on political and social issues, frequently contributing opinion pieces to newspapers and appearing on television and radio programs. In addition, he has served on the board of several organizations, including the Hungarian Atlantic Council and the [[Robert Schuman]] Foundation. Boross has also remained active in promoting Hungarian culture and history, serving as the honorary president of the Hungarian National Museum and participating in various cultural events. Despite his advancing age, he remains an influential figure in Hungarian public life and continues to be highly respected for his contributions to the country's political and economic development. Today, Boross is regarded as an important figure in Hungary's transition to democracy and its emergence as a free-market economy. His contributions to the dismantling of Hungary's [[secret police]] force and the establishment of a multi-party system have had a lasting impact on the country's political landscape. == Personal life == Boross' father died in a household accident on 11 August 1993, aged 97. His mother, Lujza Horváth died five weeks later. On 13 September 1952, Boross married his former classmate, Ilona Papp, who worked as a judge. Their church wedding took place in the Szilágyi Dezső Square Reformed Church on 13 March 1953. They were married from 1952 until her death in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gyászhír|url=http://mdf.hu/aktualis/mind/1/gyaszhir|publisher=[[Hungarian Democratic Forum]]|access-date=7 October 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818174730/http://mdf.hu/aktualis/mind/1/gyaszhir|archive-date=18 August 2010}}</ref> They had three children together, though his eldest son Péter died only aged nine months old in February 1958. Boross is known for his interest in history, particularly the history of Hungary and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He is also an avid amateur radio operator and has been involved in the Hungarian National Association of Radio Amateurs for many years. Boross has received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, including the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary and the Order of Saint Stephen, the highest honor in Hungary. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boross, Peter}} [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Hungary]] {{bio-stub}} fgnmyo7w3f0c8qxvt79psvirab8jfs7 0 451017 10882469 10882224 2026-06-09T17:05:03Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 10882469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|the current television division which was known as Walt Disney Television from 2019 to 2021|Disney General Entertainment Content}} {{Infobox company | name = Walt Disney Television | logo = Walt Disney Television logo.svg | former_names = Walt Disney Pictures Television Division (1985–1988) | type = [[Division (business)|Division]] | industry = [[Production company|Television production]] | fate = Absorbed into the first incarnation of Touchstone Television (which changed name to ABC Studios, then ABC Signature Studios, ''ABC Signature'' and now 20th Television), with the animation division (Walt Disney Television Animation (now just ''Disney Television Animation'')) spun-out as a separate standalone subsidiary. | successors = {{Plainlist| * [[20th Television]] * [[Disney Television Studios]] * [[It's a Laugh Productions]] * The current iteration of Walt Disney Television (currently ''[[Disney General Entertainment Content]]'') * [[Disney Television Animation]] (as a standalone subsidiary) }} | founded = {{Start date and age|1985|9|8}} | defunct = {{End date and age|2003|11|28}} | hq_location_city = [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], [[California]] | hq_location_country = [[United States|USA]] | products = [[Television show]]s and [[Television film|films]] | parent = {{Plainlist| * [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]] {{small|(1985–1986)}} * [[Disney General Entertainment Content#Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications|Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications]] {{small|(1986–1996)}} * [[Walt Disney Studios (division)|The Walt Disney Studios]] {{small|(1996–1999)}} }} }} ==History== It was started in 1985, as the '''Walt Disney Pictures Television Division''', the name was later shortened to '''Walt Disney Pictures Television''' and in 1986 was later shortened to '''Walt Disney Television''' in 1988. Until 1985, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Productions]]. == Television Series == * [[Saturday Supercade]] (1985) * [[Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer]] (1985) * [[Muppet Babies]] (1987) * [[DuckTales]] (1987) * [[The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]] (1988) * [[Paddington Bear (TV series)|Paddington Bear]] (1989) * [[The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!]] (1989) * [[Captian N]] (1989) * [[King Koopa's Kool Kartoons]] (1989) * [[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]] (1990) * [[The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3]] (1990) * [[The Legend of Zelda]] (1990) * [[Dinosaur|Dinosaurs]] (1991) * [[The Super Mario Challenge]] (1991) * [[Super Mario World (TV series)|Super Mario World]] (1991) * [[Goof Troop]] (1992) * [[The Little Mermaid (TV series)|The Little Mermaid]] (1992) * [[Super Mario Bros. (movie)|Super Mario Bros.]] (1993) * [[Aladdin (animated TV series)|Aladdin]] (1994) * [[The Return of Jafar]] (1994) * [[Aladdin and the King of Thieves]] (1996) * [[Jungle Cubs]] (1997) * [[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]] (1998) * [[Digimon]] (1998) * [[Hercules (1998 TV series)|Hercules]] (1998) * [[Supernanny]] (1999) * [[Supernanny|Supernanny US]] (2000) * [[Tarzan]] (2000) * [[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins]] (2000) * [[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command]] (2000) * [[House of Mouse]] (2001) * [[Kirby: Right Back At Ya!]] (2002) * [[The Fox and the Hound]] (2003) * [[Alvin and the Chipmunks|Little Alvin and the Mini-Munks]] (2003) * [[Lilo & Stitch: The Series|Lilo & Stitch]] (2003) {{reflist}} == References == ==Other websites== *{{imdb company|id=0013021|company=Walt Disney Television}} *[http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/disneywalt/disneywalt.htm Walt Disney Television at Museum.tv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911104523/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/disneywalt/disneywalt.htm |date=2013-09-11 }} {{Disney–ABC TV Group |state=expanded}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:Disney companies]] 4xxjllmbwt98bzn5doqorurd1c25zz0 1 451018 10882448 5939352 2026-06-09T16:34:30Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 10882448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users. i1bk21urzmyzflztpq6nrzttmq4ozre 10882449 10882448 2026-06-09T16:36:30Z Cewbot 687081 [[User:Cewbot/log/20170515|Signing]] [[Special:Diff/10882448|comment by ~2026-33978-47]].This tool is only for recording.You may re-edit the text whatever you want. 10882449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-33978-47|~2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:~2026-33978-47#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33978-47|contribs]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC)</small> qcjwqhtkqnpi857wcx66uhswqqoku22 10882450 10882449 2026-06-09T16:39:30Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 /* Added Other TV Series */ new section 10882450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-33978-47|~2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:~2026-33978-47#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33978-47|contribs]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC)</small> == Added Other TV Series == Hi, users from simple English Wikipedia. I just been added the other Disney TV series were on the Disney TV page. Please you can on it. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 16:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 8izodnl6ew7m8kpawy66sslbty314q5 10882471 10882450 2026-06-09T17:11:17Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 /* Added Other TV Series */ 10882471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-33978-47|~2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:~2026-33978-47#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33978-47|contribs]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC)</small> == Added Other TV Series == Hi, users from simple English Wikipedia. I just been added the other Disney TV series were on the Disney TV page. Please you can add on it. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 16:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 10vs14xw6ewx9q1tm786c6woojjy8wb 10882997 10882471 2026-06-10T08:57:38Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 /* Added Other TV Series */ Reply 10882997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-33978-47|~2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:~2026-33978-47#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33978-47|contribs]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC)</small> == Added Other TV Series == Hi, users from simple English Wikipedia. I just been added the other Disney TV series were on the Disney TV page. Please you can add on it. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 16:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :It includes the video games TV series, the Muppet, chipmunk and bear TV series, the nanny TV series, and the other Disney TV series. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 08:57, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 7wxk07fx23ugzt2vgvyhgj7442hqoi3 10882998 10882997 2026-06-10T09:00:43Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 /* Added Other TV Series */ Reply 10882998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-33978-47|~2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:~2026-33978-47#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33978-47|contribs]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC)</small> == Added Other TV Series == Hi, users from simple English Wikipedia. I just been added the other Disney TV series were on the Disney TV page. Please you can add on it. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 16:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :It includes the video games TV series, the Muppet, chipmunk and bear TV series, the nanny TV series, and the other Disney TV series. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 08:57, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ::And also includes Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Series from 1985. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 09:00, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 34ipe7b6fwi67x0n3g2pmctik5ql5i7 10883009 10882998 2026-06-10T09:19:37Z ~2026-33978-47 1818994 /* Added Other TV Series */ 10883009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} {{translated page|en|Walt Disney Television|version=607094473|insertversion=}} The other Disney TV series from the mid 80s to the early 00s has been added on the Disney TV page is on simple English Wikipedia for the users.<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-33978-47|~2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:~2026-33978-47#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33978-47|contribs]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC)</small> == Added Disney TV Series == Hi, users from simple English Wikipedia. I just been added the other Disney TV series were on the Disney TV page. Please you can add on it. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 16:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :It includes the video games TV series, the Muppets, chipmunks, and bears TV series, the nannies TV series, and the other Disney TV series. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 08:57, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ::And also it includes Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Series from 1985. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33978-47|&#126;2026-33978-47]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33978-47|talk]]) 09:00, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 4svkbac2j2g3onwdbs6gtkqnoffu9jo 0 463028 10883020 10873033 2026-06-10T09:27:28Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox person | name = Kit Carson | image = Kit Carson photograph restored.jpg | caption = Carson on a visit to Washington, DC, in early 1868 | birth_date = {{birth date|1809|12|24}} | birth_place = [[Richmond, Kentucky]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1868|05|23|1809|12|24}} | death_place = [[Fort Lyon]], Colorado | resting_place = Kit Carson Cemetery<br />[[Taos, New Mexico]] | nationality = American | occupation = Mountain man, frontiersman, guide, Indian agent, US Army officer | known_for = Opening the American West to European settlement [[Carson City, Nevada]] namesake | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|Waanibe|Making-Out-Road|Josefa Jaramillo}} | signature = Kit Carson signature.svg | signature_size = 225px | module = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes | name = | allegiance = {{Flag|United States of America|1846}}<br />[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] | branch = [[Union Army]] | serviceyears = | rank = [[Brevet (military)|Brevet]] [[Brigadier General]] | commands = [[1st Regiment New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry|1st New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry Regiment]] | unit = | battles = [[Mexican–American War]] * [[Battle of San Pasqual]] [[Jicarilla War]] * [[Battle of Ojo Caliente Canyon]] [[American Civil War]] * [[Battle of Valverde]] [[Navajo Wars]] * [[Battle of Canyon de Chelly]] [[American Indian Wars|Plains Indian Wars]] * [[First Battle of Adobe Walls]] | awards = | laterwork = }} }} '''Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson''', (December 24, [[1809]] – May 23, 1868) was an American [[frontiersman]], a career that involved four chief occupations: [[mountain man]], [[guide]], [[Indian agent]], and [[officer]] in the [[US Army]]. He helped to open the [[American West]] to settlement. In his day, he was a celebrity known far and wide in the [[United States]]. In modern America, he is still remembered as a [[folk hero]], but he has been criticized for killing [[Native Americans]]. Carson began his adult life in 1829 as a [[mountain man]], who [[animal trapping|trapped]] [[beaver]] about ten years for the [[fur trade]]. During those years, Carson became an "Injun killer" {{Em dash}} he was forced to kill many Native Americans to protect himself from attacks, robbery, and murder. Carson became known as one of the greatest of "Injun killers" through [[Novel|novels]], [[newspaper]] accounts, and other media. When the fur trade died out in the 1840s, Carson looked for other work. In 1842, US Army Officer [[John Charles Frémont]] hired Carson to guide him on three separate [[expedition]]s into the West. All three expeditions involved mapping and describing remote and uncharted areas of the West. The expeditions were hugely successful. Frémont's reports to the government made Carson a frontier hero and were read by many [[Americans]]. Carson became a celebrity throughout the country. His adventures were turned into stories that were published in paper-covered books, called dime novels. The cheap popular books made him more famous than ever. In 1853, Carson became an Indian agent in northern [[New Mexico]]. His job was to keep the Utes and the Apaches at peace. He saw to it that they were treated with honesty and fairness and that they got the food and clothing that they needed. In 1861, the [[American Civil War]] broke out. Carson resigned his position as Indian agent, and joined the [[Union Army]]. As a [[lieutenant]], he led the New Mexico Volunteer [[Infantry]]. His forces fought [[Confederate States of America|Confederates]] at Valverde, [[New Mexico]]. The Confederates won the battle, but were later defeated. Most of Carson's time in the army was passed training [[Recruit|recruits]]. Carson served in several wars and battles with the [[tribe]]s In the Southwest. He rounded up and moved Apaches and Navajos from their homelands to government lands called [[Indian reservation|reservations]]. Carson was promoted to the rank of [[colonel]]. Late in life, he was promoted to [[brigadier general]] and given command of Fort Garland in [[Colorado]]. After about two years. Carson left the military because of illness. He died in 1868 at Fort Lyon, [[Colorado]]. He is buried in [[Taos, New Mexico]], next to his third and last wife, Josefa Jaramillo. ==Personal description== [[File:Early photo of Kit Carson.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Early photograph (possibly the first) of Kit Carson, who is wearing a [[beaver]] hat.]] Carson was described by his contemporaries as a "small, stooped-shoulder" man with brown to red hair, blue eyes, and a strong but spare frame. He was said to be about 5&nbsp;foot 7&nbsp;inches. He was a modest gentleman. Most of his contemporaries were astonished that such a slight inconspicuous man had accomplished so much among the Native Americans and wild animals on the western frontier. ===General William Tecumseh Sherman=== In 1847, General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]] met Kit Carson in Monterey, [[California]]. Sherman wrote: "His fame was then at its height,... and I was very anxious to see a man who had achieved such feats of daring among the wild animals of the Rocky Mountains, and still wilder Indians of the plains.... I cannot express my surprise at beholding such a small, stoop-shouldered man, with reddish hair, freckled face, soft blue eyes, and nothing to indicate extraordinary courage of daring. He spoke but little and answered questions in monosyllables."<ref name="carson">Kit Carson</ref> === Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop === Colonel Edward W. Wynkoop wrote: "Kit Carson was five feet five and one half-inches tall, weighed about 140&nbsp;pounds, of nervy, iron temperament, squarely built, slightly bow-legged, and those members apparently too short for his body. But, his head and face made up for all the imperfections of the rest of his person. His head was large and well-shaped with yellow straight hair, worn long, falling on his shoulders. His face was fair and smooth as a woman's with high cheekbones, straight nose, a mouth with a firm, but somewhat sad expression, a keen, deep-set but beautiful, mild blue eye, which could become terrible under some circumstances, and like the warning of the rattlesnake, gave notice of attack. Though quick-sighted, he was slow and soft of speech, and posed great natural modesty."<ref name=carson /> === Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton === Lieutenant George Douglas Brewerton made a coast-to-coast dispatch-carrying trip to Washington, DC, with Carson. Brewerton wrote: "The Kit Carson of my ''imagination'' was over six feet high {{Em dash}} a sort of modern Hercules in his build {{Em dash}} with an enormous beard, and a voice like a roused lion.... The real Kit Carson I found to be a plain, simple... man; rather below the medium height, with brown, curling hair, little or no beard, and a voice as soft and gentle as a woman's. In fact, the hero of a hundred desperate encounters, whose life had been mostly spent amid wilderness, where the white man is almost unknown, was one of Dame Nature's gentleman...."<ref>Roberts 187</ref> ==Illiteracy== Carson was [[illiterate]]. He was embarrassed by not being able to read and write and so tried to hide it. He was impressed by gentlemen who could read and write, however.<ref>Sides 50-51</ref> In 1856, he told his life story to an army officer, who wrote it down. Carson told the officer that he had left school at an early age: "I was a young boy in the school house when the cry came, Injuns! I jumped to my rifle and threw down my spelling book, and thar it lies." Carson enjoyed having other people read to him. He liked the poetry of [[Lord Byron]]. Carson thought Sir [[Walter Scott]]'s long poem ''[[The Lady of the Lake]]'' was "the finest expression of outdoor life."<ref>Roberts 186</ref> He also liked a book about [[William the Conqueror]], whose favorite [[oath]] was "By the splendor of God." Carson used that oath as his own and was known to have Nevers used anything stronger.<ref name=carson /> Carson learned to write "C. Carson" late in life, but it was very difficult for him. He made his mark on official papers, and the mark was then witnessed by a [[clerk]].<ref name="roberts3">Roberts 55</ref> Carson easily spoke [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and [[French language|French]]. He could speak many Native American languages, including Navajo, Apache, and Comanche. He also knew the [[sign language]] that was used by [[mountain man|mountain men]].<ref name=carson /> Very late in life, he learned to read to a certain extent and to recognize his name when it appeared in print. ==Early life== [[File:NSRW Lincoln Abraham - log cabin.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Drawing of [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s [[log cabin]] birthplace in [[Kentucky]]. Both Carson and Lincoln were born in log cabins in 1809.]] Carson was born in [[Kentucky]], but his family moved to [[Missouri]] when he was a baby. In Missouri, the family was in danger from Native American attacks and had to find ways to protect themselves. After his father's death in 1818, Kit's mother remarried. The boy became a wild teenager. His stepfather put him to work in a [[saddle]]-making shop in [[Franklin, Missouri]]. ===Kentucky=== Carson was born in a [[log cabin]] at Tate's Creek, Madison County, [[Kentucky]] on [[Christmas Eve]] 1809.<ref name=carson /><ref name="world">World Book 250-251</ref> His parents were Lindsay (or Lindsey) Carson and his second wife, Rebecca Robinson. Lindsay had had five children by his first wife, Lucy Bradley, and ten more children by Rebecca. Kit was their sixth.<ref name="volpe">Volpe</ref><ref name="roberts2">Roberts 54</ref><ref>Guild 3</ref> Lindsay Carson had a Scots-Irish [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] background.<ref>Sides 8</ref> He was a farmer, a cabin builder, and a [[veteran]] of the [[American Revolutionary War]] and the [[War of 1812]].<ref name=carson /><ref name=roberts2 /> He also fought Native Americans on the [[wikt:frontier|frontier]]. Two fingers on his left hand were shot away in a battle with the Sauk and Fox tribes.<ref>Sides 9</ref> ===Missouri=== The Carsons moved to Boone's Lick, Howard County, [[Missouri]], when Kit was about one year old. They knew [[Daniel Boone]]'s family. Lindsay's oldest son, William, married Boone's grandniece, Millie Boone, in 1810. Their daughter, Adaline, became Kit's favorite playmate.<ref name=carson /><ref>Guild 9</ref> ===Defenses from attacks=== The Carson family was always in danger of Native American attacks in Missouri and so had to be alert. Cabins were "forted:" they had tall [[fence]]s built around them, called stockades, to make the people inside Them safe from attack. During the day, men worked in the fields near the cabins. Some men had weapons to protect the workers and were ready to kill any Native American who attacked.<ref>Roberts 54-55</ref><ref>Sides 8-9</ref> Carson wrote* in his ''Memoirs'': "For two or three years after our arrival, we had to remain forted and it was necessary to have men stationed at the extremities of the fields for the protection of those that were laboring."<ref name=roberts3 /> ===Death of Lindsay Carson=== One day in 1818, Lindsay Carson was clearing a field when a tree limb fell on him. He was killed instantly when Kit was about eight years old. His mother took care of her children alone for four years. They lived in great [[poverty]]. She then married Joseph Martin, a widower with several children.<ref name=carson /><ref>Guild 10</ref> ===Apprenticeship=== Carson did not get along with his stepfather and became a wild and uncontrollable teenager. His stepfather apprenticed him to David Workman, a [[saddle]] maker in Franklin, Missouri. Kit was a boy in his mid-teens and wrote in his ''Memoirs'' that Workman was "a good man, and I often recall the kind treatment I received."<ref name=carson /><ref>Guild 15</ref> ==Runaway== Carson did not like making saddles and ran away from home in 1826. He traveled over the Santa Fe Trail with mountain men. In 1829, he joined with trapper Ewing Young on a trek to the Rocky Mountains. He learned much from Young about trapping. ===Turned mountain man=== [[File:Carson and his horse Apache.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|Mountain man Kit Carson and his favorite horse, Apache, from ''The Life and Adventures of Kit Carson, the Nestor of the Rocky Mountains'' by De Witt C. Peters. The book was Carson's first biography and was printed in 1858.]] [[Franklin, Missouri]], was at the eastern end of the [[Santa Fe Trail]] and was a starting point for many settlers heading west. Carson heard wonderful stories about the West from the mountain men returning to the East.<ref name=carson /> In August 1826, he ran away from home, and went West with the mountain men. They traveled over the Santa Fe Trail to [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], and reached their destination in November 1826. Kit passed the winter in Taos, New Mexico, with Mathew Kinkead, a mountain man and a neighbor from Missouri. Taos would become Carson's home.<ref>Guild 27</ref><ref>Roberts 56-57</ref> ===Workman posts a reward=== Workman put an advertisement in a local newspaper back in Missouri. He wrote that he would give a one cent [[reward]] to anyone who brought the boy back to Franklin. No one claimed the reward. It was a bit of a joke, but Carson was free.<ref name="roberts4">Roberts 56</ref> The advertisement featured the first printed description of Carson: "Christopher Carson, a boy about 16 years old, small of his age, but thick set; light hair, ran away from the subscriber, living in Franklin, Howard county, Missouri, to whom he had been bound to learn the saddler's trade."<ref name=roberts4 /> Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as cook, translator, and wagon driver in the Southwest. He also worked at a copper mining|mine near the Gila River, in southwestern [[New Mexico]].<ref name=volpe /><ref>Sides 14</ref> In later life, Carson never mentioned any women from his youth. There are only three specific women mentioned in his writing: Josefa Jaramillo, his third and last wife; a comrade's mother in [[Washington, DC]]; and Mrs. Ann White, a victim of Native American atrocities.<ref>Guild 26</ref> ===Ewing Young and Thomas Fitzpatrick=== In August 1829, the 19-year-old Carson joined trapper Ewing Young and his mountain men on a fur- hunting [[expedition]] to [[Arizona]] and [[California]]. That was Carson's first professional job as a mountain man. Carson received much experience as a trapper on the expedition. Young is credited with shaping Carson's early life in the mountains. Carson returned to Taos in 1829 and joined a [[wagon train]] rescue party. Although the perpetrators had fled the scene of atrocities, Young had the opportunity to witness Carson's horsemanship and courage. Kit passed the winter of 1827-1828 as Young's cook in Taos.<ref>Guild 32</ref> Carson joined another expedition led by Thomas Fitzpatrick in 1831. Fitzpatrick and his trappers went north to the central [[Rocky Mountains]]. Carson would hunt and trap in the West for about ten years. He was known as a reliable man and a good fighter.<ref name=volpe /><ref>Guild 48</ref> ==Mountain man== [[File:Brooklyn Museum - American Beaver - John J. Audubon.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|''American Beaver'', ([[John James Audubon]], about 1844)]] Carson traveled through many parts of the [[American West]] to gather furs. Men at the time wore hats made of beaver fur. He trapped beaver for the [[fur trade]] and sometimes worked with famous mountain men like Jim Bridger and Old Bill Williams.<ref name=carson /><ref name=volpe /> ===Career=== Carson's career as a mountain man began in 1829, when he joined Ewing Young's trapping expedition to the Rocky Mountains. Mountain men worked mostly in the [[Rocky Mountains]] for themselves, sometimes with a partner or two, or for a large trading organization like the [[Hudson's Bay Company]]. A mountain man's life was not easy. He sometimes had to walk into deep cold water to get a trapped beaver. He then had to remove the hide with the fur, yhe pelt. The mountain man kept the beaver pelts for many months and then sold them in [[St. Louis]], Missouri, or at a mountain man ''[[rendezvous]]''. With the money that he collected, he bought [[fish hook]]s, flour, tobacco, and the other things that he needed for life in the mountains. ===Hazards and hardships=== [[File:Alfred Jacob Miller - Trappers - Walters 37194029.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|''Two Trappers'', (Alfred Jacob Miller, about 1858)]] The mountain man faced many hazards including biting insects, bad weather, and diseases of all kinds. There were no doctors in the lands on which mountain men worked. The man had to set his own broken bones, tend his wounds, and nurse himself.<ref>Cleland 44</ref> Native Americans were an ever-present danger since even friendly ones could turn at once into an enemy.<ref>Cleland 40-41</ref> A mountain man usually had a Native American wife or mistress.<ref>Cleland 37</ref> His main food was [[buffalo]].<ref>Cleland 30</ref> Je was dressed in deer skins that had stiffened by being left outdoors for a time. The suit of stiffened deer skin gave him some protection from the weapons of his enemies.<ref>Cleland 21</ref> ===Grizzly bears=== [[Grizzly bear]]s were one of the mountain man's greatest enemies.<ref>Cleland 43</ref> Carson stated in his ''Memoirs'' that he was hunting an [[elk]] alone in 1834. Two grizzly bears chased him up a tree. One bear tried to make him fall by shaking the tree. The bear was not successful and finally went away. Carson returned to his camp as fast as he could. He stated that the incident had been the scariest moment of his life: "[The bear] finally concluded to leave, of which I was heartily pleased, never having been so scared in my life."<ref name="roberts5">Roberts 80</ref> ===''Rendezvous''=== [[File:The Trapper's Bride.jpg|thumb|upright=1|''The Trapper's Bride'' (Alfred Jacob Miller, 1845)]] Mountain men met every year in the second quarter of the 19th century for an event called a ''rendezvous''.<ref>Sides 15</ref> The first ''rendezvous'' was held in 1825.<ref>Roberts 66</ref> Those events were held in remote areas of the West like the banks of the Green River in [[Wyoming]]. A mountain man had a good time at those lively events. Native Americans often joined the gathering. Everyone played card games, danced, sang, told stories, made jokes, and had much to eat and drink. Sometimes, mountain men married Native American women at a rendezvous. The last rendezvous was held in 1840.<ref>Sides 29</ref><ref>Sides 34</ref> ===Decline of fur trade=== About 1840, the fur trade began to drop off. Well-dressed men in [[London]], [[Paris]], and [[New York City]] wanted silk hats instead of beaver hats. In addition, the mountain men had very nearly killed almost every beaver in [[North America]]. Trappers were no longer wanted or needed. The mountain man Robert Newell told Jim Bridger: "[W]e are done with this life in the mountains {{Em dash}} done with wading in beaver dams, and freezing or starving alternately {{Em dash}} done with Indian trading and Indian fighting. The fur trade is dead in the Rocky Mountains, and it is no place for us now, if ever it was."<ref name="roberts1">Roberts 98</ref><ref>Sides 33-34</ref> ===Meat hunter at Bent's Fort=== Carson knew that it was time to find other work. He stated in his ''Memoirs'', "Beaver was getting scarce, it became necessary to try our hand at something else." In 1841, he was hired at Bent's Fort in [[Colorado]]. The fort was one of the greatest buildings in the West. Hundreds of people worked or lived there. Carson hunted buffalo, antelope, deer, and other animals to feed the hundreds of people. He was paid one dollar a day. He returned to Bent's Fort several times during his life to again provide meat for the fort's residents. In April 1842, Carson went back to his childhood home in Missouri. He made the trip to put his daughter, Adaline, in the care of relatives.<ref>Roberts 99-101</ref> ==Indian fighter/"Injun killer"== Carson found much pleasure in killing Native Americans. He did not respect them and thought that those who committed outrages like murder, theft, and rape deserved the worst punishment possible. Carson's thoughts about Native Americans softened over the years, as he found himself more and more in their company. He became an Indian agent and a spokesman for the Utes. ===First years=== [[File:Alfred Jacob Miller - Attack by Crow Indians - Walters 371940179.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Attack by Crow Indians'',(Alfred Jacob Miller, between 1858 and 1860)]] Carson was 19 when he set off with Ewing Young's expedition to the Rocky Mountains. In addition to furs and the company of free-spirited rugged mountain men, he sought action and adventure. He found what he was looking for in killing and [[scalping]] Native Americans. Carson probably killed and took the scalp of his first Native American when he was 19 years old, during Ewing Young's expedition.<ref>Sides 16</ref> Carson was known to most 19th+century Americans as an "Injun killer," chiefly through newspaper accounts and dime novels. Many of the works gave Carson's deeds and life a romantic cast. Excitement and thrills were heightened through [[exaggeration]]. Carson hated Native Americans, especially those who had committed crimes such as rape, theft, and murder. He believed that Native Americans could not be trusted, and should be punished. Mountain men often had to kill Native Americans to save their own lives.<ref name=world /><ref name=volpe /> The young Carson's brutal and vicious notions about Native Americans is sometimes considered his greatest moral failing.<ref>Roberts 79-80</ref> Carson never killed Native American women and children, however. He believed that a brave man would never do so, and he scorned the men who did. ===Crow tribe=== Carson's ''Memoirs'' are replete with stories about Native American encounters with the memoir writer. In January 1833, for example, warriors of the [[Crow Nation|Crow tribe]] stole nine horse from Carson's camp. Carson and 11 other men found the Crow camp after dark and quietly led the horses away. The men who owned the horses wanted to return to their own camp at once. Although Carson and two other men had not lost any horses, the three wanted to punish the Crows. Carson and his men fired their guns into the Crow camp and killied almost every Crow. Carson wrote in his ''Memoirs'': "During our pursuit for the lost animals, we suffered considerably but, the success of having recovered our horses and sending many a redskin to his long home, our sufferings were soon forgotten."<ref>Roberts 82</ref> ===Blackfoot nation=== [[File:Bodmer -- Blackfoot Indian, 1840-1843.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|''Blackfoot warrior'', (Karl Bodmer, between 1840 and 1843)]] The Blackfoot nation was a hostile tribe and posed an ever-present threat to Carson's safety. A Blackfoot warrior once injured Carson in the [[shoulder]]. That was the worst injury he received in his life. He hated the Blackfeet and killed them at every opportunity. The historian David Roberts wrote: "It was taken for granted that the Blackfeet were bad Indians; to shoot them whenever he could was a mountain man's instinct and duty."<ref>Roberts 85</ref> The Blackfeet did not like whites, Who, they were convinced were trying to take over their hunting grounds. In addition, the Blackfeet wanted the valuable horses that were owned by the whites.<ref name=volpe /> Carson had several encounters with the Blackfeet, but his last battle with them took place in spring 1838. He was traveling with about 100 mountain men, led by Jim Bridger. In Montana Territory, the group found a [[teepee]] with three Native American corpses inside. The three had died of [[smallpox]]. Bridger wanted to move on, but Carson and the other young men wanted to kill the Blackfeet. They found the Blackfoot village, and killed ten Blackfeet warriors. The Blackfeet found some safety in a pile of rocks but were driven away. It is not known how many Blackfeet died in that incident. The historian David Roberts wrote that "if anything like pity filled Carson's breast as, in his twenty-ninth year, he beheld the ravaged camp of the Blackfeet, he did not bother to remember it." Carson wrote in his ''Memoirs'' that this battle was "the prettiest fight I ever saw."<ref>Roberts 87-88</ref> ===Change of beliefs=== Carson's notions about Native Americans softened over the years. He found himself more and more in their company as he grew older. His thoughts about Native Americans became more understanding and more humane.<ref name=volpe /> He urged the government to set aside lands, called reservations, for their use. As an Indian agent, he saw to it that those under his watch were treated with honesty and fairness and were clothed and fed properly. The historian David Roberts believes that his first marriage to an Arapaho women, named Singing Grass, "softened the stern and pragmatic mountaineer's opportunism."<ref name=roberts5 /> ===Manifest Destiny=== In killing Native Americans, Carson was making America safe for settlers heading west to build their homes, farms, and villages. He had the approval of the US government and its citizens.<ref name=volpe /> In addition, Senator Thomas Hart Benton, the United States [[Congress]], and President [[James K. Polk]] had developed and were working under a concept called [[Manifest Destiny]], which stated that it was the will of God that the United States push America's western boundary to the [[Pacific Ocean]] at all costs. That spurred the movement of American settlers to the West. ==Personal life== [[ File:Alfred Jacob Miller - Rendezvous - Walters 371940159.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|A ''rendezvous'' on the banks of the Green River, Wyoming in 1847. It was at such a ''rendezvous'' that Carson met his first wife, Waanibe. (Alfred Jacob Miller, about 1847)]] Carson was [[Marriage|married]] three times. His first two wives were Native Americans. His third wife was Mexican. He was the father of ten children. Carson never wrote about his first two marriages in his ''Memoirs''. He may have thought he would be known as a "squaw man". Such men were not welcomed by polite society.<ref>Roberts 71</ref> ===Waanibe=== In 1836, Carson met an Arapaho woman named Waanibe (Singing Grass) at a mountain man ''rendezvous''. This ''rendezvous'' was held along the Green River in [[Wyoming]]. Singing Grass was a lovely young woman. Many mountain men were in love with her.<ref name=carson /><ref>Sides 29-30</ref> Carson was forced to fight a [[duel]] with a French trapper named Chouinard for Waanibe's hand in marriage. Carson won, but he had a very narrow escape. The French trapper's bullet singed his hair. The duel was one of the best known stories about Carson in the 19th century.<ref>Roberts 70</ref> Carson married Singing Grass. She was a good wife. She tended to his needs, and went with him on his trapping trips. They had a daughter named Adaline (or Adeline). Singing Grass died after giving birth to Carson's second daughter. This child did not live long. In 1843, she fell into a kettle of boiling soap in Taos. Waanibe died about 1841.<ref name=carson /><ref name=roberts1 /> Carson's life as a mountain man was too hard for a little girl. In 1852, he took Adaline to live with his sister Mary Ann Carson Rubey in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]]. Adaline was taught in a school for girls called a [[seminary]].<ref name=carson /> Carson brought her West when she was a teenager. She married and divorced. In 1858, she went to the California goldfields. Adaline died in 1860.<ref>Roberts 101-102</ref> ===Making-Out-Road=== [[File:Josefacarson02crop.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Josefa Carson, Carson's third, last, and best-loved wife. She holds Carson's son]] In 1841, Carson married a Cheyenne woman named Making-Out-Road. They were together only a short time. Making-Out-Road divorced him in the way of her people. She put Adaline and all Carson's property outside their tent. Making-Out-Road left Carson to travel with her people through the west.<ref name=carson /> Historian David Lavender writes: "[Making-Out-Road] was spoiled. She had put most of the Cheyenne bachelors and half the white men at the fort in a slow burn, and they had showered her with gifts. Now that they were married she expected Kit to keep her in expensive foofaraw (finery). She ignored her household chores and neglected little Adaline ..."<ref>Roberts 100</ref> ===Josefa Jaramillo=== About 1842, Carson met Josefa Jaramillo. She was the beautiful daughter of a wealthy Mexican couple living in Taos. Lewis Garrard wrote: "Her style of beauty was of the haunting, heartbreaking kind ... such as would lead a man with a glance in his eye, to risk his life for one smile."<ref>Roberts 124</ref> Carson wanted to marry her. He left the [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] Church for the [[Catholic Church]]. Thirty-three-year old Carson married 14-year-old Josefa on February 6, 1843. They had eight children.<ref name=carson /> ==Travels with Frémont== [[File:J c fremont.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|[[John Charles Frémont]]. The photographer and date are unknown.]] In 1842, Carson was returning from Missouri after depositing his daughter Adaline with relatives when met [[John Charles Frémont]] aboard a [[steamboat]] on the [[Missouri River]]. Frémont was a United States Army officer in the [[Corps of Topographical Engineers]]. Carson had very little money at the time and was hired by Frémont at $100 a month as a guide.<ref name=carson /> Frémont wrote, "I was pleased with him and his manner of address at this first meeting. He was a man of medium height, broad-shouldered, and deep-chested, with a clear steady blue eye and frank speech and address; quiet and unassuming."<ref>Roberts 103</ref> ===First expedition, 1842=== In 1842, Carson guided Frémont across the [[Oregon Trail]] to [[Wyoming]], their first [[expedition]] into the West.<ref name=world /> The purpose of the expedition was to map and describe the Oregon Trail as far as South Pass, Wyoming. A guidebook and maps would be printed for settlers.<ref>Sides 51-52</ref> Frémont praised Carson in his government reports and so Carson became well known across the United States. He became the [[hero]] of many cheap popular books called dime novels.<ref name=world /> ===Second expedition, 1843=== [[File:JT17M.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Mojave Desert scene in Joshua Tree National Park, [[California]]]] In 1843, Frémont asked Carson to join his second expedition. Carson guided Frémont across part of the Oregon Trail to the [[Columbia River]] in Oregon. The trip's purpose was to map and describe the Oregon Trail from South Pass, Wyoming, to the Columbia River. They also traveled to [[Great Salt Lake]] in [[Utah]]. The men then headed to California but suffered from bad weather in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The men were saved by Carson's good judgement and his guiding skills. They found American settlers, who fed them. The expedition then went into California, which was illegal and dangerous. California was Mexican territory. The Mexican government ordered Frémont to leave. He finally went back to Washington, DC. The government liked his reports but ignored his illegal trip into Mexico. Frémont was made a captain, and the newspapers called him "The Pathfinder."<ref>Sides 59-61</ref> During the expedition, Frémont went to the Mojave Desert. Frémont's party met a Mexican man and boy. The two told Carson that Native Americans had [[ambush|ambushed]] their party of travelers. The male travelers were killed; the women travelers were staked to the ground, sexually mutilated, and killed. The murderers then stole the Mexicans' 30 horses. Carson and a mountain man friend, Alexis Godey, went after the murderers and took two days to find them. They rushed into their camp and killed and scalped two of the murderers. The stolen horses were recovered and returned to the Mexican man and boy. That selfless and generous deed brought Carson even greater fame. It confirmed his [[social status|status]] as a western hero in the eyes of the American people.<ref>Sides 62-64</ref> ===Third expedition, 1845=== [[File:Upper Klamath Lake (Klamath County, Oregon scenic images) (klaDA0093).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|Upper Klamath Lake in [[Oregon]]]] In 1845, Carson guided Frémont on their third and last expedition. They went to California and [[Oregon]].<ref name=world /> Frémont made scientific plans, but the expedition appeared to be political in nature. Frémont may have been working under secret government orders. President Polk wanted the province of [[Alta California]] in the United States. Once in California, Frémont started to rouse the American settlers into a patriotic fever and so tne Mexican government ordered him to leave. Frémont went north to Oregon and camped near Klamath Lake. Messages from Washington, DC, made it clear that President Polk wanted California. At Klamath Lake in southern Oregon, Frémont's party was attacked by about 20 Native Americans on the night of March 6, 1846. Three men in camp were killed. The Native Americans fled after a brief struggle. Carson was angry that his friends had been killed. He took an axe and avenged the death of his friends by chopping away at a dead Klamath's face. Fremont wrote, "He knocked his head to pieces."<ref>Sides 78-81</ref> ===Bear Flag Revolt=== In June 1846, both Frémont and Carson participated in a California uprising against Mexico, the Bear Flag Revolt. Mexico ordered all Americans to leave California. They did not want to go and declared California an independent [[republic]]. American settlers in California wanted to be free of the Mexican government. The Americans found the courage to oppose Mexico because they had Frémont and his troops on board. He wrote an oath of [[allegiance]]. He and his men gave some protection to the Americans. He ordered Carson to execute an old Mexican man named Berresaya and his two adult nephews. The three had been captured when they stepped ashore at [[San Francisco Bay]]. They were executed to keep them from taking reports to Mexico about the uprising.<ref name="history">Brief history</ref> ===Massacre=== Mexico ordered Frémont and Carson to leave the area. They left for Oregon. Along the way, Carson and most of the group attacked a Native American village and killed about 100 villagers. Carson thought that the massacre would discourage Native Americans from attacking white settlers. Frémont heard that the Klamath tribe had killed three of his men. Carson was sorry to have lost his friends. He attacked another Native American village and wrecked it.<ref name=volpe /><ref name=history /> Frémont worked hard to the win California for the United States and became its military governor. Carson took military records to the [[Secretary of War]] in Washington, DC. Frémont wrote, "This was a service of great trust and honor... and great danger also."<ref name=carson /> In 1847 and 1848, Carson made two quick trips to Washington, DC, with messages and reports. In 1848, he took news of the California Gold Strike to the nation's capital.<ref name=volpe /> ==Books and dime novels== Carson's fame spread throughout the United States with government reports, dime novels, newspaper accounts, and word of mouth. The dime novels celebrated Caron's adventures but were usually colored with exaggeration. A factual biography was attempted by DeWitt C. Peters in 1859 but has been criticized for inaccuracies and exaggerations. ===Dime novels=== [[File:Fighting Trapper, or Kit Carson to the Rescue.jpg|thumb|upright=1|An 1874 dime novel with Carson's picture on the cover]] In 1847, the first story about Carson's adventures was printed. Called ''An Adventure of Kit Carson: A Tale of the Sacramento'', it was printed in ''Holden's Dollar Magazine''. Other stories were also printed such as ''Kit Carson: The Prince of the Goldhunters'' and ''The Prairie Flower''. Writers thought that Carson the perfect mountain man and Indian fighter. His exciting adventures were printed in the story ''Kiowa Charley, The White Mustanger; or, Rocky Mountain Kit's Last Scalp Hunt''. In it, an older Kit is said to have "had ridden into Sioux camps unattended and alone, had ridden out again, but with the scalps of their greatest warriors at his belt."<ref>Roberts 52, 79</ref> ===Indian captive Mrs. Ann White=== In 1849, Carson guided soldiers on the trail of Mrs. Ann White and her baby daughter. They had been captured by Apaches. No one paid attention to Carson's advice about a rescue attempt. Mrs. White was found dead. An arrow was in her heart. She had been horribly abused. She may have been passed among the Apaches as a camp prostitute. Her child had been carried away and was never found. A soldier in the rescue party wrote: "Mrs. White was a frail, delicate, and very beautiful woman, but having undergone such usage as she suffered nothing but a wreck remained; it was literally covered with blows and scratches. Her countenance even after death indicated a hopeless creature. Over her corpse, we swore vengeance upon her persecutors."<ref name=volpe /><ref>Sides 258-259</ref> Carson discovered a book about himself in the Apache camp. That was the first time that he found himself in print. He was the hero of adventure stories. He was sorry for the rest of his life that Mrs. White had been killed. He wrote in his ''Memoirs'': "In camp was found a book, the first of the kind I had ever seen, in which I was made a great hero, slaying Indians by the hundreds.... I have often thought that Mrs. White read the same... [and prayed] for my appearance that she might be saved."<ref name=carson /> ===''Memoirs''=== In 1856, Carson told his life story to someone who wrote it down. Tne book is called ''Memoirs''. Some say Carson forgot dates or got them wrong. The [[manuscript]] was lost when it was taken east to find a professional writer who would work it into a book. [[Washington Irving]] was asked but declined. The lost manuscript was found in a trunk in [[Paris]] in 1905 and was later printed. The first biography of Carson was written by DeWitt C. Peters in 1859. The book was called ''Kit Carson, the Nestor of the Mountains, from Facts Narrated by Himself''. When it was read to Carson, he said, "Peters laid it on a leetle too thick."<ref>Roberts 253-254</ref> ==Mexican-American War== [[File:Stephen_W._Kearny.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|General Stephen W. Kearny]] The [[Mexican–American War]] was between the United States and [[Mexico]] from 1846 to 1848. Under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the defeated Mexico was forced to sell the territories of Alta California and New Mexico to the United States. Carson was not a member of the US Army, but one of his best known adventures took place during the war. In December 1846, Carson was ordered by General Stephen W. Kearny to guide him and his troops from [[Socorro, New Mexico]], to [[San Diego, California]]. Mexicans soldiers attacked Kearny and his men near the village of San Pasqual, California.<ref name=world /> There were too many Mexican soldiers. Kearny knew he would could not win and so he ordered his men to take cover on a small hill. Kearny then sent Carson, a naval lieutenant named Beale, and a Native American scout to get help. The three left on the night of December 8 for San Diego. San Diego was {{convert|25|mi|km}} away. Carson and the lieutenant removed their shoes because they made too much noise. They walked barefoot through the [[desert]]. Carson wrote in his ''Memoirs'': "Finally got through, but had the misfortune to lose our shoes. Had to travel over a country covered with prickly pear and rocks, barefoot."<ref>Sides 163</ref> By December 10, Kearny believed that help would not arrive. He planned to break through the Mexican lines the next morning. That night, 200 mounted American soldiers arrived in San Pasqual, swept the area, and drove the Mexicans away. Kearny was in San Diego on December 12.<ref>Sides 164-165</ref> Carson went back to Taos after the Mexican–American War to start a [[ranch]]. ==Indian agent== [[File:CarsonHomeTaos1900.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Carson's three-room home in Taos, [[New Mexico]], where often met with the Native Americans under his supervision. This photograph was taken about 1900.]] In 1853, Carson became the US Indian agent to the Utes, people who lived across northern New Mexico. The Jacarilla Apaches and the Puebloans at the Rio Grande would also come under Carson's watch. His job was to keep the peace between the southwestern tribes and to hunt down and punish any who committed crimes. Carson was honest and fair as an Indian agent.<ref>Roberts 251</ref> Carson came to realize that the hostilities between white Americans and Native Americans were the result of a great decrease in available wild game. That situation forced the Native Americans into raiding American farms, ranches, and herds of cattle. He also knew that the liquor available in towns and villages led the Native Americans into serious trouble. Carson wanted the government to put aside large areas of land far from white settlements. The lands would be called reservations and intended for the use of Native Americans only. He thought the Native Americans should be taught agriculture, but it would prove almost impossible to teach nomadic hunters to settle on one piece of land and farm it. He thought his plans would keep these peoples from becoming [[extinct]]. Carson resigned as Indian agent with the outbreak of the American Civil War in April 1861. He joined the Union Army to lead the 1st New Mexico Volunteer Infantry.<ref>Kit Carson Biography</ref><ref>Roberts 252, 254</ref> ==Military life== ===Civil War=== In April 1861, the American Civil War broke out. Carson left his job as an Indian agent and joined the Union Army. He was made a lieutenant and led the 1st New Mexico Volunteer Infantry. He trained the new men. In October 1861, he was made a [[colonel]]. The Volunteers fought the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate forces]] at Valverde, New Mexico, in February 1862.<ref name=world /> The Confederates won that battle but were later defeated. ===Campaign against Apaches=== Once the Confederates had been driven from New Mexico, Carson's commander, Major James Henry Carleton, turned his attention to the Native Americans. The historian Edwin Sabin wrote that officer had a "psychopathic hatred of the Apaches."<ref>Roberts 255</ref> Carleton led his forces deep into the Mescalero Apache territory. The Mescaleros were tired of fighting and put themselves under Carson's protection. Carleton put those Apaches on a remote and lonely reservation east on the Pecos River.<ref>Roberts 257</ref> Carson disliked the Apaches and wrote in a report that the Jicarilla Apaches "were truly the most degraded and troublesome Indians we have in our department.... [W]e daily witness them in a state of intoxication in our plaza."<ref name="roberts">Roberts 258</ref> Carson half-heartedly supported Carleton's plans. He was tired and had suffered an injury two years before that gave him great trouble. He resigned from the Army in February 1863. Carleton refused to accept the resignation because he wanted Carson to lead a campaign against the Navajo.<ref name=roberts /> ===Campaign against Navajos=== [[File:Hweeldi3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|The Navajo at Fort Sumner, the end of the Long Walk]] Carleton had chosen a bleak site on the Pecos River for his reservation, which was called Bosque Redondo (Round Grove). He chose the site for the Apaches and the Navajos because it was far from white settlements. He also wanted the Apaches and the Navajo to act as a buffer for any aggressive acts committed upon the white settlements from the Kiowas and Comanches to the east of Bosque Redondo. He thought as well that the remoteness and desolation of the reservation would discourage white settlement.<ref>Roberts 259</ref> The Mescalero Apaches walked 130 miles to the reservation. By March 1863, 400 Apaches had settled around nearby Fort Sumner. Others had fled west to join fugitive bands of Apaches. By middle summer, many of them were planting crops and doing other farm work. On July 7, Carson, with little heart for the Navajo roundup, started the campaign against the tribe. His orders were almost the same as those for the Apache roundup: he was to shoot all men on site and to take the women and children captives. No peace treaties were to be made until all of the Navajo were on the reservation.<ref>Roberts 260</ref> Carson searched far and wide for the Navajo. He found their homes, fields, animals, and orchards, but the Navajo were experts at disappearing quickly and hiding in their vast lands. The roundup was a great frustration for Carson. In his fifties, he was tired and ill. By autumn 1863, Carson started to burn the Navajo homes and fields and to remove their animals from the area. The Navaho would starve if the destruction continued, and 188 Navajo surrendered. They were sent to Bosque Redondo, where life had turned grim. Murders occurred since the Apaches and Navajos fought. The water in the Pecos contained minerals that gave people cramps and stomach aches. Residents had to walk about twelve miles to find firewood.<ref>Roberts 262</ref> ===Canyon de Chelly=== Carson wanted to take a winter break from the campaign, but Carleton refused. Kit was ordered to invade the Canyon de Chelly. It was there that many Navajos had taken refuge. The historian David Roberts wrote, "Carson's sweep through the Canyon de Chelly in the winter of 1863-1864 would prove to be the decisive action in the Campaign."<ref>Roberts 263</ref> [[File:Canyon de Chelly 7-27-09 (2).JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|Part of the Canyon de Chelly, a sacred place for the Navajo]] The Canyon de Chelly was a sacred place for the Navajo. Believing that it would now be their strongest sanctuary, 300 Navajo took refuge on the canyon rim at a place called Fortress Rock. They resisted Carson's invasion by building rope ladders and bridges, lowering water pots into a stream, and keeping out of sight. The 300 Navajo survived the invasion. In January 1864, Carson swept through the 35-mile Canyon with his forces. He cut down the thousands of peach trees in the Canyon. Few Navajo were killed or captured. Carson's invasion, however, proved to the Navajo the white men could invade their country at any time. Many Navajo surrendered at Fort Canby.<ref>Roberts 265-269</ref> By March 1864, there were 3,000 refuges at Fort Canby. An additional 5,000 arrived in the camp. They were suffering from the intense cold and hunger. Carson asked for supplies to feed and clothe them. The thousands of Navajo were led to Bosque Redondo. Many died along the way, and stragglers in the rear were shot and killed. In Navajo history, the horrific trek is known as the Long Walk. By 1866, reports indicated that Bosque Redondo was a complete failure, Carleton was fired, and Congress started investigations. In 1868, a treaty was signed, the Navajo were allowed to return to their homeland, and Bosque Redondo was closed.<ref>Roberts 270-281</ref> ===First Battle of Adobe Walls=== [[File:James Henry Carleton.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|Photograph of 19th-century American Army officer General James Henry Carleton]] On November 25, 1864, Carson led his forces against the southwestern tribes at the First Battle of Adobe Walls in the [[Texas]] Panhandle. Adobe Walls was an abandoned trading post that had been blown up by its inhabitants to prevent a takeover by hostile Native Americans. Combatants at the First Battle were the United States Army and masses of Kiowas, Comanches, and Plains Apaches. It was one of the largest engagements fought on the [[Great Plains]]. The Texas State Library and Archives Commission noted: "The result of Adobe Walls was a crushing spiritual defeat for the Indians. It also prompted the U.S. military to take its final actions to crush the Indians once and for all. Within the year, the long war between whites and Indians in Texas would reach its conclusion."<ref>[https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/indian/showdown/page2.html The Battle of Adobe Walls &#124; TSLAC] Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Battle of Adobe Walls</ref> The battle was the result of General Carleton's belief that the Native Americans were responsible for the continuing attacks on white settlers along the Santa Fe Trail. He wanted to punish the thieves and murderers and brought in Carson to do the job. With most of the Army engaged elsewhere during the American Civil War, the protection that the settlers sought was almost nonexistent, and they begged for help. Carson led 260 cavalry, 75 infantry, and 72 Ute and Jicarilla Apache Army scouts. In addition, he had two mountain howitzer cannons. On the morning of November 25, Carson discovered and attacked a Kiowa village of 176 lodges. After the destruction, he moved forward to Adobe Walls. Carson found other Comanche villages in the area and realized that he would face a very large force of Native Americans. A Captain Pettis estimated that 1,200 to 1,400 Comanche and Kiowa began to assemble. The number would swell to possibly 3,000. Four to five hours of battle ensued. When Carson ran low on ammunition and howitzer shells, he ordered his men to retreat to a nearby Kiowa village, which they burned Along with many fine buffalo robes. His Native American scouts killed and mutilated four elderly and weak Kiowas. Their retreat to New Mexico was then begun. There were few deaths among Carson's men. General Carleton wrote to Carson: "This brilliant affair adds another green leaf to the [[laurel wreath]] which you have so nobly won in the service of your country."<ref name=carson /> The battle is considered by some to be Carson's finest moment and is thought to be one of the factors that made the Kiowas and the Comanches sue for peace in 1865.<ref>Guild 255</ref> {{Quote box |align=right |width=25% |quote="Throw a few shells into that crowd over there." |source=Kit Carson to artillery officer Lt. Pettis<ref>[http://www.forttours.com/pages/adobe.asp Fort Tours&#124;Adobe Walls]</ref>}} Some of those who have studied the battle believe that Carson was correct in ordering his troops to retreat. Only one Comanche scalp was reported to ne taken by Carson's soldiers. The First Battle at Adobe Walls would be the last time the Comanche and Kiowa forced American troops to retreat from battle. Adobe Walls marked the beginning of the end of the Plains tribes and of their way of life. A decade later, the Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between 250 and 700 Comanche and a group of 28 hunters defending Adobe Walls. After a four-day siege, the hundreds of Native Americans withdrew. The Second Battle led to the Red River War of 1874–1875, which that resulted in the final relocation of the Southern [[Plains Indians]] to reservations in [[Oklahoma]]. ==Death== [[File:FinalKitCarsonPhoto.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|left|Carson's last photograph was snapped in Boston about March 20, 1868 by James Wallace Black. The photograph was signed and sold for a record $48,000 at auction on March 23, 2010.]] Carson left the army on November 22, 1867. He moved his family to a small settlement on the Purgatoire River called Boggsville, Colorado. He had no money and sold his house in Taos. He wanted to build a [[ranch]].<ref name=carson /> In January 1868, he was made superintendent of Indian Affairs in the [[Colorado Territory]]. He was called to Washington, DC, in February 1868 with Ute chiefs and other men to make a [[treaty]]. Carson was seriously ill and doubted that he could make the journey, but he felt a responsibility to the chiefs and made the journey. He asked doctors on the East Coast about his health (they gave him little hope of recovery) and toured [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Baltimore]], and [[Boston]]. His last photograph was snapped in Boston.<ref name=carson /> He returned home in April 1868. Josefa had given birth to their last child, Josefita. It was not an easy birth, and Josefa died within two weeks on April 23, 1868. Carson missed her greatly. His health grew worse. He needed [[chloroform]] to ease the pain. Carson made his will on May 15, 1868 at Fort Lyon and named Thomas Boggs his administrator. Any monies realized from his estate would be used to support his children. Carson had been diagnosed with an [[aorta|aortic]] [[aneurysm]]. The aneurysm broke; Carson's mouth gushed with blood. His doctor and his best friend Thomas Boggs were present when he died. Carson's last words were "Doctor, goodbye. ''Compadre, adíos''." He died on May 23, 1868 at Fort Lyon, Colorado. He was 58 years old. The wife of an officer offered her wedding dress to line Carson's casket, and the women of the fort took the cloth flowers from their hats to decorate his coffin. Carson and Josefa were first buried in Boggsville. Both were disinterred in 1869 and buried in Taos, New Mexico.<ref>Guild 276-284</ref> ==Legacy== [[File:KitCarson-FrederickWilliamMacMonnies-BMA.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Kit Carson bronze statue by Frederick William MacMonnies, 1906]] Carson's home in Taos is today a museum maintained by the Kit Carson Foundation. A monument was raised in the plaza at Santa Fe by the New Mexico Grand Army. In Denver, a statue of a mounted Kit Carson can be found atop the Mac Monnies Pioneer Monument. Another [[equestrian statue]] can be seen in Trindad. A national forest in New Mexico was named for Carson as well as a [[Kit Carson Mountain|mountain]] and a [[Kit Carson County, Colorado|county]] in Colorado. A river in [[Nevada]] is named for Carson as well as the state's capital, [[Carson City, Nevada|Carson City]]. Fort Carson, an army training post near Colorado Springs, was named for him during [[World War II]] by popular vote of the men training there.<ref>Guild 283-284</ref> In the 1960s and the 1970s, Carson came under the scrutiny of revisionist historians. He had been regarded as an American hero, but as the tide turned, he became an archvillain in the genocidal campaign against the Native Americans. Clifford Trafzer's 1982 ''Kit Carson Campaign: The Last Great Navajo War'' found fault with both Carleton and Carson, but Trafzer completely ignored Carson's many acts and deeds that humanized the Long Walk. In 1992, a young professor at Colorado College was successful in abruptly demanding for a period photograph of Carson to be removed from the ROTC office. That year, a tourist told a journalist at the Carson home in Taos, "I will not go into the home of that racist, genocidal killer." In 1973, militants in Taos tried to change the name of Kit Carson State Park. Six years later, Kit Carson Cave near Gallup, New Mexico, was the target of vandals, and in 1990, protestors spraypainted Kit and Josefa's tombstones with the word "NAZI". In the 1970s, a Navajo at a trading post said, "No one here will talk about Kit Carson. He was a butcher." In 1993, a symposium was organized to air various views on Carson, but the Navajo spokespeople refused to attend.<ref>Roberts 292-295</ref> In time, views of Carson returned to their former glory. David Roberts wrote, "Carson's trajectory, over three and a half decades, from thoughtless killer of Apaches and Blackfeet to defender and champion of the Utes, marks him out as one of the few frontiersmen whose change of heart toward the Indians, born not of missionary theory but of first hand experience, can serve as an exemplar for the more enlightened policies that sporadically gained the day in the twentieth century."<ref>Roberts 294</ref> ==Footnotes== {{reflist|5}} ==References== * [http://coresuttersfort.weebly.com/uploads/8/6/8/9/8689417/bear_flag_revolt.pdf ''A Brief History of the Bear Flag Revolt''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127075652/http://coresuttersfort.weebly.com/uploads/8/6/8/9/8689417/bear_flag_revolt.pdf |date=2013-11-27 }} * Cleland, Robert Glass. 1963. ''This Reckless Breed of Men''. Knopf. * [http://www.biography.com/people/kit-carson-9239728?page=1#indian-agent-and-soldier ''Kit Carson Biography''] * Guild, Thelma S., and Harvey L. Carter. 1984. ''Kit Carson: a pattern for heroes''. University of Nebraska Press. * [http://www.historynet.com/kit-carson-the-legendary-frontiersman-remains-an-american-hero.htm "Kit Carson: the legendary frontiersman remains an American hero"]. Published by ''Wild West'' * Roberts, David. 2000. ''A Newer World: Kit Carson, John C. Fremont, and the claiming of the West''. Simon & Schuster. * Sides, Hampton. 2006. ''Blood and Thunder: an epic of the American West.'' Doubleday. * Volpe, Vernon. 2013. "Kit Carson". Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia. * ''World Book Encyclopedia''. Volume 3. 2012. Scott, Foresman. {{DEFAULTSORT:Carson, Kit}} [[Category:American frontiersmen and women]] [[Category:American generals]] [[Category:Military people from Kentucky]] [[Category:People from Missouri]] [[Category:People from New Mexico]] [[Category:Deaths from aortic aneurysm]] [[Category:1809 births]] [[Category:1868 deaths]] [[Category:Duels]] 4cw4gg70vlaar6gh0c2hpnay9aqpw3m 0 474489 10882591 10721264 2026-06-09T20:03:01Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Politician | name = Bernard L. Stone | birth_date ={{Birth date|1927|11|24}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[U.S.]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|12|22|1927|10|24}} | death_place =[[Skokie, Illinois|Skokie]], Illinois, U.S. | caption = City of [[Chicago]] [[Alderman]], Democratic [[Committeemen and Committeewomen (Cook County)|Committeeman]] | residence = Chicago, Illinois | office = [[Chicago City Council|City of Chicago Alderman]] | term_start = 1973 | term_end = 2011 | predecessor = Jack I. Sperling | successor = [[Debra Silverstein]] | constituency = 50th ward | party = Democrat,<br>Republican | alma_mater=[[Wilbur Wright College]], Bachelor’s Degree<br>[[John Marshall Law School (Chicago)|John Marshall Law School]], [[Juris Doctor]] }} '''Bernard "Berny" L. Stone''' (November 24, 1927 – December 22, 2014) was an [[Americans|American]] politician. He served as an alderman of the 50th Ward of the City of [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. Stone died on December 22, 2014 at age 87 from complications from a fall in [[Skokie, Illinois|Skokie]], [[Illinois]].<ref name=death>{{cite news |first=Stefano |last=Esposito |title=Bernard Stone, former Chicago alderman, dies at age 87 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |date=2014-12-22 |access-date=2014-12-22 |url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/news-chicago/7/71/224891/bernard-stone-former-chicago-alderman-dies-age-87 |archive-date=2014-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222163650/http://chicago.suntimes.com/news-chicago/7/71/224891/bernard-stone-former-chicago-alderman-dies-age-87 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.chicagoreader.com/features/stories/ourtown/061215/bernystone/ "Committee of One: Berny Stone don’t need no stinking quorum"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706145954/http://www.chicagoreader.com/features/stories/ourtown/061215/bernystone/ |date=2009-07-06 }} Mick Dumke, ''[[Chicago Reader]]'', December 15, 2006 *[http://www.chicagoreader.com/pdf/060428/0428_works.pdf "The $75,000 Parking Spot"] Ben Joravsky, ''[[Chicago Reader]]'', April 28, 2006 *[http://www.ci.chi.il.us/city/webportal/portalEntityHomeAction.do?BV_EngineID=cccdadeemehhgfdcefecelldffhdfif.0&entityName=Ward50&entityNameEnumValue=95 The 50th ward's page on the City of Chicago Website]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/bernard-l-stone Bernard L. Stone materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stone, Bernard}} [[Category:1927 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:Accidental deaths from falls in the United States]] [[Category:Chicago City Council members]] [[Category:Vice mayors of Chicago]] [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] {{us-bio-stub}} lhtz84a45w3yjmsicf77ie29aq3mnkb 0 475320 10882512 10880661 2026-06-09T18:38:02Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Bob Packwood | image = RWPackwood.jpg | office = Chair of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Senate Finance Committee]] | term_start = January 3, 1995 | term_end = October 1, 1995 | predecessor = [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] | successor = [[William Roth]] | term_start1 = January 3, 1985 | term_end1 = January 3, 1987 | predecessor1 = [[Bob Dole]] | successor1 = [[Lloyd Bentsen]] | office2 = Chair of the [[United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation|Senate Commerce Committee]] | term_start2 = January 3, 1981 | term_end2 = January 3, 1985 | predecessor2 = [[Howard Cannon]] | successor2 = [[John Danforth]] | jr/sr3 = United States Senator | state3 = [[Oregon]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1969 | term_end3 = October 1, 1995 | predecessor3 = [[Wayne Morse]] | successor3 = [[Ron Wyden]] | state_house4 = Oregon | term_start4 = January 14, 1963 | term_end4 = January 3, 1969 | district4 = 6th | predecessor4 = ''Multi-member district'' | successor4 = ''Multi-member district'' | birth_name = Robert William Packwood | birth_date = {{birth date|1932|9|11}} | birth_place = [[Portland, Oregon]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|6|6|1932|9|11}} | death_place = [[Rancho Mirage, California]], U.S. | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | spouse = {{marriage|Georgie Oberteuffer|1964|1992|end=div}}<br>{{marriage|Elaine Franklin|1998}} | children = 2 | education = [[Willamette University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[New York University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Sen. Bob Packwood Introduces an Amendment to the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994.ogg |title=Packwood's voice |type=speech |description=Packwood introducing an amendment to the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994.<br>Recorded March 16, 1994}} }} '''Robert William "Bob" Packwood''' (September 11, 1932 &ndash; June 6, 2026) was an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. He was a [[United States Senator]] from the [[United States state|state]] of [[Oregon]] from 1969 to 1995.<ref name=BDUSC/> Although a member of the conservative [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], Packwood was a moderate. He voted differently from other members of his party many times. Packwood resigned from the U.S. Senate in 1995 after it was discovered he [[sexual abuse|sexually abused]] several female staffers and lobbyists.<ref name=NYT/> ==Early life== Packwood was born in [[Portland, Oregon]].<ref name=BDUSC>{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=p000009 |title=PACKWOOD, Robert William, (1932 - ) |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> He studied at [[Willamette University]] and later studied law at [[New York University]]. He was elected to the [[Oregon House of Representatives]] in 1963. He left the state house in 1969 after being elected U.S. Senator. ==U.S. Senate== In 1968, Packwood was nominated to run for the U.S. Senate in Oregon as the Republican candidate against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] incumbent [[Wayne Morse]]. Since little was known about Packwood, he was given little chance to win.<ref>Portland Oregonian, October 26, 1968.</ref> However, he would go on to win the election by 3,500 votes.<ref>Myers, Clay. Oregon Blue Book. Salem, Oregon: Office of the Secretary of State, 1970.</ref> Packwood replaced U.S. Senate member [[Ted Kennedy]] from [[Massachusetts]] as the youngest member of the U.S. Senate.<ref>[[#kirsch|Kirschmeier]], p. 105.</ref> Packwood's voting record was moderate. He supported [[restriction]]s on gun owners and liberal [[civil rights]] legislation. Packwood voted in favor of making [[Martin Luther King Jr. Day]] as a [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holiday]], and the [[Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987]] (as well as to override [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ronald Reagan]]'s veto).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/s293|title=TO PASS H.R. 3706. (MOTION PASSED) SEE NOTE(S) 19.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s432|title=TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE THE BROAD COVERAGE AND CLARIFY FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY PROVIDING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION IS FEDERALLY FUNDED, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s487|title=TO ADOPT, OVER THE PRESIDENT'S VETO OF S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE BROAD COVERAGE OF FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY DECLARING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION RECEIVES FEDERAL FUNDS, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE. TWO-THIRDS OF THE SENATE, HAVING VOTED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE, OVERRODE THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO.}}</ref> Packwood was the Chair of the [[United States Senate Committee on Finance|Senate Finance Committee]] twice from 1985 to 1987 and again for a few months in 1995.<ref name=NYT/> In 1995, Packwood resigned from the Senate after a sex scandal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Packwood May Return To Politics |author=New York Times News Service |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=1998-04-09 |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-04-09/news/9804090294_1_bob-packwood-accusations-of-sexual-misconduct-oregon-legislature |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003055/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-04-09/news/9804090294_1_bob-packwood-accusations-of-sexual-misconduct-oregon-legislature |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shortly before his resignation, a U.S. Senate [[ethic]]s committee led by Senators [[Barbara Boxer]] and [[Mitch McConnell]] recommended that Packwood be removed from the senate.<ref name="Seelye">{{cite news|last=Seelye|first=Katharine Q.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/08/us/packwood-case-overview-packwood-says-he-quitting-ethics-panel-gives-evidence.html?pagewanted=all|title=The Packwood Case: The Overview; Packwood Says he is Quitting as Ethics Panel Gives Evidence|work=The New York Times|date=September 8, 1995|access-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref> After his resignation, Packwood went to [[rehab center|rehab]] for his [[alcoholism]], which he blamed for sexually abusing several women.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gabriel|first1=Trip|title=The Trials Of Bob Packwood|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/29/magazine/the-trials-of-bob-packwood.html|access-date=October 7, 2014|work=New York Times|date=August 29, 1993}}</ref> He was the last living former U.S. senator who took office in the 1960s and the last living former U.S. senator who served during the Presidency of [[Lyndon B. Johnson]].<ref name=NYT/><ref name=death/> ==Later life and death== Packwood stayed involved in politics as a lobbyist and a political consultant. He lived in a [[suburb]] of Portland, with his second wife Elaine.<ref name=OL>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/mapes/index.ssf/2014/01/bob_packwood_still_lobbying_at.html |title=Bob Packwood, still lobbying at 81, says Sen. Ron Wyden faces tough odds as Finance chairman |author=Jeff Mapes |date=January 10, 2014 |publisher=Oregon Live |access-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> She used to be his [[chief of staff]].<ref name=OL/> Packwood died under [[hospice care]] in [[Rancho Mirage, California]] on June 6, 2026, at the age of 93.<ref name=death>{{cite web|title=Bob Packwood, longtime Oregon Senator marred by scandal, dies at 93|url=https://www.opb.org/article/2026/06/06/bob-packwood-longtime-oregon-senator-marred-by-scandal-dies-at-93/|last1=VanderHart|first1=Dirk|last2=Foden-Vencil|first2=Kristian|publisher=OPB|date=June 6, 2026|access-date=June 6, 2026}}</ref><ref name=NYT>{{Cite news |last=Seelye |first=Katharine Q. |date=2026-06-06 |title=Bob Packwood, Senator Forced to Quit in Sex Scandal, Dies at 93 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/06/us/politics/bob-packwood-dead.html |access-date=2026-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030920043055/http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/government/packwood2.html Text of the Senate's resolution for investigation, May 17, 1995.] * [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/09/us/packwood-is-leaving-as-a-pariah-in-his-state.html?scp=5&sq=%22willamette%20university%22%20library&st=cse "Packwood Is Leaving As a Pariah In His State"],{{subscription required}} ''The New York Times'' * [http://purl.lib.ua.edu/82844 Speech by Robert Packwood given on November 3, 1969.] Audio recording from [http://purl.lib.ua.edu/18388 The University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues] * {{C-SPAN|468}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Packwood, Bob}} [[Category:1932 births]] [[Category:2026 deaths]] [[Category:American lobbyists]] [[Category:Politicians from Portland, Oregon]] [[Category:United States senators from Oregon]] [[Category:Republican Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Lawyers from Portland, Oregon]] {{bio-stub}} 1os5izgh3nkq4caz806hfj78jchxwqr 0 478761 10882994 10602478 2026-06-10T08:17:27Z ~2026-34279-83 1819517 /* */ 10882994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Jensen Ackles | image = Jensen Ackles (35444313103).jpg | caption = Ackles at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]] | birth_name = Jensen Ross Ackles | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|3|1}} | birth_place = [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], U.S. | known_for = Supernatural TV Series, The Boys TV Series, etc. | height = 6ft1.25in | nationality = American | occupation = Actor, director | years_active = 1996–present | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Summer Ackles]]|2010}} | children = Justice Jay 'JJ' Ackles, Zeppelin Bram, and Arrow Rhodes. The 2 youngest are twins. }} '''Jensen Ross Ackles''' (born March 1, 1978) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television]] [[actor]]. He is best known for his role as Dean Winchester in the [[television series]] ''[[Supernatural (TV series)|Supernatural]]'' (2005–present). He has also appeared in other television shows such as ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'', ''[[Dark Angel (TV series)|Dark Angel]]'' and ''[[Smallville]]''. Ackles was born in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]]. He is the son of Alan Ackles, also an actor. He has been married to Danneel Ackles since 2010. The couple have three children.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realtytoday.com/articles/6310/20140826/jensen-ackles-lists-malibu-home-6-99-million.htm |title=Jensen Ackles Lists Malibu Home for $6.99 Million |author=Gupta, Rapti |date=August 26, 2014 |work= |publisher=REALTY TODAY |accessdate=January 26, 2015 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons}} *{{IMDb name|10075}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ackles, Jensen}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Dallas]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] {{US-actor-stub}} 99z95wl69djdqodt8a5wdv4o5imj307 10882995 10882994 2026-06-10T08:18:29Z ~2026-34279-83 1819517 /* */ 10882995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Jensen Ackles | image = Jensen Ackles (35444313103).jpg | caption = Ackles at the 2017 [[San Diego Comic-Con]] | birth_name = Jensen Ross Ackles | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1978|3|1}} | birth_place = [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], U.S. | known_for = Supernatural TV Series, The Boys TV Series, etc. | height = 6ft1.25in | nationality = American | occupation = Actor, director | years_active = 1996–present | spouse = {{Marriage|[[Summer Ackles]]|2010}} | children = Justice Jay 'JJ' Ackles, Zeppelin Bram, and Arrow Rhodes. The 2 youngest are twins. }} '''Jensen Ross Ackles''' (born March 1, 1978) is an [[Americans|American]] [[television]] [[actor]]. He is best known for his role as Dean Winchester in the [[television series]] ''[[Supernatural (TV series)|Supernatural]]'' (2005–present). He has also appeared in other television shows such as ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'', ''[[Dark Angel (TV series)|Dark Angel]]'' and ''[[Smallville]]''. Ackles was born in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] to [[European Americans|European-American]] parents. He is the son of Alan Ackles, also an actor. He has been married to Danneel Ackles since 2010. The couple have three children.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.realtytoday.com/articles/6310/20140826/jensen-ackles-lists-malibu-home-6-99-million.htm |title=Jensen Ackles Lists Malibu Home for $6.99 Million |author=Gupta, Rapti |date=August 26, 2014 |work= |publisher=REALTY TODAY |accessdate=January 26, 2015 }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons}} *{{IMDb name|10075}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ackles, Jensen}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Dallas]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] {{US-actor-stub}} a00nl4ra1xyt79775n597otbqc1qedl 0 503044 10882935 10728423 2026-06-10T04:54:24Z ~2026-34277-78 1819468 dih 10882935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = Markiplier | image = Markiplier by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Fischbach at PAX West in 2018 | channel_name = MarkiplierGAME | views = 22.7 billion | birth_name = Mark Edward Fischbach | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|6|28}} | birth_place = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[YouTuber]] * [[actor]]}} | website = {{URL|https://markiplier.com/}} | spouse = {{marriage|Amy Nelson|2025}} | signature = Markiplier signature.svg | origin = [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], U.S. | pseudonym = {{flatlist| * Markiplier * Markimoo *Marketplier }} | years_active = 2012–present | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Let's Play]] * [[Survival horror|horror]] * [[comedy]] * [[vlog]] }} [relatives] Lydia LaForce/cousin Tomas Fishbach/brother | subscribers = 37.7 million | network = Polaris {{small|([[Disney Digital Network]])}} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Jacksepticeye]] * [[PewDiePie]] * [[Jordan Maron]] * [[Adam Montoya]] * [[Fine Brothers]] * ''[[Game Grumps]]'' * Cyndago * Team Edge * [[Jack Black]] * [[Egoraptor]] * [[Jimmy Kimmel]] * [[Ninja Sex Party]] * CrankGameplays * Muyskerm * Lordminion777 }} | silver_year = 2013 | gold_year = 2013 | diamond_year = 2015 | silver_button = yes | gold_button = yes | diamond_button = yes | stats_update = 12 July 2025 }} '''Mark dickward Fischbach''' (born June 28, 1989), known by his [[YouTube]] username dih'''iplier''', is an [[Americans|American]] [[Internet celebrity|internet personality]], [[Let's Play|video game commentator]] and charity fundraiser.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/11G026162-001.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112183801/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/11G026162-001.htm|archive-date=2014-11-12|title=Mark 'Markiplier' Fischbach Joins Red Giant Entertainment's Board of Directors|publisher=CNN|access-date=November 13, 2018|date=November 12, 2014}}</ref> ==Personal life== Born in [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Markiplier|title=Do You Know Markiplier?|date=November 16, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItlhowLfw4o&feature=youtu.be&t=151|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513002018/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItlhowLfw4o&feature=youtu.be&t=151|url-status=live}}</ref> Fischbach began his career in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. His father, Cliffton M. Fischbach, was of [[Germans|German]] descent, while his mother is [[Koreans|Korean]]. He studied [[Civil engineering|Civil Engineering]] at the [[University of Cincinnati]], later changing his degree to [[Biomedical engineering|Biomedical Engineering]]. He later left college and started his [[YouTube]] career. In October 2025, Fischbach married his longtime girlfriend Amy Nelson, after being together for ten years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/markiplier-marries-amy-nelson-after-viral-engagement-rumors-3263392/|title=Markiplier marries Amy Nelson after viral engagement rumors|publisher=Dexerto|accessdate=October 7, 2025|date=October 7, 2025|first=Virginia|last=Glaze}}</ref> ==Career== Fischbach moved to [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] in 2014, wanting to be closer to the [[YouTube]] scene.<ref>{{Citation|last=Markiplier|title=Moving to LA!!|date=January 20, 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVuyKk3epeQ&feature=youtu.be|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=February 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203025531/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVuyKk3epeQ&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2018|8}}, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers,<ref name="2 million marker">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiQUN9WKaro|title=2,000,000|work=YouTube|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2019-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816132530/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiQUN9WKaro&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> and is currently the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|36th]] most-subscribed channel on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidstatsx.com/youtube-top-100-most-subscribed-channels|title=YouTube Top 100 Most Subscribed Channels List - Top by Subscribers|access-date=March 1, 2016|archive-date=October 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016004948/http://vidstatsx.com/youtube-top-100-most-subscribed-channels|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fischbach plays in [[Let's Play (video gaming)|Let's Play]] videos, commonly of [[survival horror]] video games.<ref name="Kotaku">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Patricia|title=Famous YouTubers Go On TV, Teach Jimmy Kimmel A Lesson|url=http://kotaku.com/famous-youtubers-teach-jimmy-kimmel-a-lesson-1728678078|website=Kotaku.com|date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2015|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108111435/http://kotaku.com/famous-youtubers-teach-jimmy-kimmel-a-lesson-1728678078|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Fischbach began his first [[improv]] tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/09/06/markiplier-youre-welcome-tour/|title=YouTube Star Markiplier Will Bring His Comedy Show Across The US And Europe With 31-Show Tour - Tubefilter|date=September 6, 2017|work=Tubefilter|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504013633/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/09/06/markiplier-youre-welcome-tour/|url-status=live}}</ref> which spanned from [[North America]] to [[Europe]] and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://press-start.com.au/news/2018/02/26/youtuber-markiplier-touring-australia-year/|title=YouTuber Markiplier Is Touring Australia This Year|date=February 26, 2018|work=Press Start Australia - Bringing The Best Of Video Games & Gaming To Australia|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011606/https://press-start.com.au/news/2018/02/26/youtuber-markiplier-touring-australia-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. ''Forbes'' reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/11/29/markiplier-raises-422000-save-the-children/|first=Geoff|last=Weiss|title=Uber-Charitable Markiplier Raises $422,000 During 'Save The Children' Stream - Tubefilter|date=November 29, 2017|work=Tubefilter|access-date=April 30, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501092728/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/11/29/markiplier-raises-422000-save-the-children/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/profile|title=About Markiplier|last=Fischbach|first=Mark|date=2018|website=tiltify.com|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150226/https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/profile|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Unus Annus=== On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as [[CrankGameplays]]) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Groux|first=Christopher|date=December 18, 2020|title=Mark "Markiplier" Fischbach Talks Ending Unus Annus and Letting Go of Content|url=https://www.newsweek.com/markiplier-youtube-end-unus-annus-have-courage-let-go-interview-1556047|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[Newsweek]]|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115025525/https://www.newsweek.com/markiplier-youtube-end-unus-annus-have-courage-let-go-interview-1556047|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Carbonell|first=Matthew|date=November 22, 2020|title=Unus Annus Is GONE - Here's What Happened & Why Fans Are Talking About It|url=https://www.cbr.com/unus-annus-markiplier-crankgameplays-youtube/|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[Comic Book Resources]]|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114223358/https://www.cbr.com/unus-annus-markiplier-crankgameplays-youtube/|url-status=live}}</ref> The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markiplier And Ethan Nestor's New Self-Destructing Vlog Project Nets Nearly 1M Subscribers In 3 Days |date=November 18, 2019 |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/11/18/markiplier-unus-annus-youtube-channel-ethan-nestor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120042017/http://www.tubefilter.com/web/20191120042017oe_/https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/11/18/markiplier-unus-annus-youtube-channel-ethan-nestor/ |archive-date=Nov 20, 2019 |access-date=Nov 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unus Annus's YouTube Stats (Summary Profile) – Social Blade Stats |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCIcgBZ9hEJxHv6r_jDYOMqg |access-date=2019-11-24 |website=socialblade.com |archive-date=2020-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417154430/https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCIcgBZ9hEJxHv6r_jDYOMqg |url-status=live }}</ref> The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020.<ref name=meaning>{{cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Bethany |title=The true meaning of Unus Annus: Why the channel is being deleted |url=https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/unus-annus-channel/ |website=Film Daily |date=November 13, 2020 |access-date=13 November 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113205714/https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/unus-annus-channel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.<ref name=meaning/> ===Podcasts=== Fischbach, along with [[Wade Barnes]] (LordMinion777) and Bob Muyskens (Muyskerm) has streamed a podcast on Twitch called ''3 Peens in a Podcast'' since 2018.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft_pxqkbOqw Bonercast Season 2 Announcement | Drunk Minecraft, Weddings and The Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230185418/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft_pxqkbOqw |date=2021-12-30 }} muyskerm. November 23, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</ref> In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beresford|first=Trilby|date=2019-09-09|title=QCODE Orders Fiction Podcast 'The Edge of Sleep' Starring Gamer Markiplier (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/qcode-orders-fiction-podcast-starring-gamer-markiplier-1237234/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032116/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/qcode-orders-fiction-podcast-starring-gamer-markiplier-1237234/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called ''[[Distractible]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Quah|first=Nicholas|date=2021-05-04|title=Are Podcasts Ready For Live Events Again?|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/are-podcasts-ready-for-live-events-again.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Vulture|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032122/https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/are-podcasts-ready-for-live-events-again.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===OnlyFans=== Fischbach created an [[OnlyFans]] account where any money he would get from subscribers would be split evenly between the [[Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|Cincinnati Children's Hospital]] and the [[World Food Programme]].<ref name="IGN">{{Cite web|url=https://sea.ign.com/markiplier/193359/news/onlyfans-website-crashes-after-markiplier-launches-account|title=OnlyFans Website Crashes After Markiplier Launches Account|first=Luqman|last=Hakim|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref><ref name="PCgamer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/markiplier-finally-released-his-onlyfans-and-broke-the-whole-damn-site/|title=Markiplier finally released his OnlyFans and broke the whole damn site|first=Mollie|last=Taylor|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[PC Gamer]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> He promised to post "tasteful [[nudity|nudes]]" on his Only Fans account.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/esports/news-markiplier-s-long-awaited-onlyfans-account-arrived|title=Markiplier's long-awaited OnlyFans account has arrived, promising 'tasteful nudes'|first=Zack|last=Eudaly|website=[[Sportskeeda]]|date=December 9, 2022 |access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> He officially created the account on December 9, 2022, and the increase of people going to the website caused the site to crash on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerty.com/youtubes-himbo-chief-markiplier-just-crashed-onlyfans-golden-gamer-cheeks-20221209|title=YouTube's Himbo-in-Chief Markiplier just crashed OnlyFans with his golden gamer cheeks|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[Queerty]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> ==Philanthropy works== {| class="wikitable" |+Charity LiveStreams/Videos and Totals !Date !Charity !Total Funds !Others With Him |- |July 2012 |Child's Play |$1,000.00 | |- |February 2013 |Cancer Research Institute |$8,047.00<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/stories/donors-and-supporters/mark-fischbach|title=Mark Fischbach|website=Cancer Research Institute|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501005113/https://www.cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/stories/donors-and-supporters/mark-fischbach|url-status=live}}</ref> | |- |February 2015 |Depression and Bipolar Support Association |$82,003.00<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gofundme.com/mwujn0|title=Click here to support Markiplier's Charity Campaign organized by Mark Fischbach|website=gofundme.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093005/https://www.gofundme.com/mwujn0|url-status=live}}</ref> | |- |February 2017 |St. Jude Children's Research Hospital |$115,717.00 | |- |March 2017 |Charity: Water |$254,649.00 | |- |April 2017 |Environmental Defense Fund |$123,111.00 | |- |May 2017 |Game Changer |$198,378.00 | |- |August 2017 |Joyful Heart Foundation |$108,585.00 | |- |September 2017 |Direct Relief |$74,421.00 | |- |October 2017 |National MPS Society |$107,878.00 | |- |November 2017 |Save The Children |$422,773.81<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/markipliers-november-charity-livestream-save-the-children|title=Markiplier's November Charity Livestream - Save the Children|last=Fischbach|first=Mark|date=November 2017|website=tiltify.com|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110401/https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/markipliers-november-charity-livestream-save-the-children|url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Awards and nominations == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Year !Nominated !Award !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="3"| 2016 | [[Streamy Awards]] | Gaming | {{nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | [[Shorty Awards]] | Tech and Innovation: Gaming | {{nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | [[Make-A-Wish Foundation|Make-A-Wish Foundation Award Ceremony]] | Celebrity of the Year | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Markiplier |date=October 27, 2016 |title=I Don't Deserve This |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOWYTw_WYyA |access-date=April 3, 2017 |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120085138/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOWYTw_WYyA |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2017 | [[Golden Joystick Awards]] | Best Streamer/Broadcaster | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Joystick Awards on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/GoldenJoysticks/status/931576779671789568 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |website=Twitter |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005752/https://twitter.com/GoldenJoysticks/status/931576779671789568 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2018 | [[Kids Choice Awards]] | Favorite Funny YouTube Creator | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 | rowspan="2" |Streamy Awards | Show of the Year (A Heist with Markiplier) | {{nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=10th Annual Streamy Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/10th-annual-nominees/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=The Streamy Awards|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214170310/https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/10th-annual-nominees/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Scripted Series (A Heist with Markiplier) | {{Won}} |- |[[Cancer Research Institute]] |Oliver R. Grace Award for Distinguished Service in Advancing Cancer Research | {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing 2020 CRI Philanthropy and Science Awards|url=https://www.cancerresearch.org/news/2020/philanthropy-science-awards-virtual-gala-mchale|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Cancer Research Institute|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190422/https://www.cancerresearch.org/news/2020/philanthropy-science-awards-virtual-gala-mchale|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Markiplier: YouTuber Turned Philanthropist|url=http://theavion.com/markiplier-youtuber-turned-philanthropist/|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-02-25|website=theavion.com|archive-date=2021-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430065227/http://theavion.com/markiplier-youtuber-turned-philanthropist/}}</ref> |- |2021 |Streamy Awards |Best Collaboration (Markiplier and CrankGameplays for Unus Annus) |{{Won}} |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=2021-12-12|title=Bretman Rock, Bailey Sarian, Mark Rober & MrBeast Among Repeat Winners At 2021 YouTube Streamy Awards – Complete Winners List|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/youtube-streamy-awards-complete-winners-list-bretman-rock-bailey-sarian-mark-rober-mrbeast-1234889433/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212041334/https://deadline.com/2021/12/youtube-streamy-awards-complete-winners-list-bretman-rock-bailey-sarian-mark-rober-mrbeast-1234889433/}}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} * {{YouTube|u=markiplierGAME}} * {{IMDb name|nm6290555}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American Internet celebrities]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] [[Category:Actors from Hawaii]] [[Category:Actors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Actors from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Philanthropists from Ohio]] [[Category:American podcasters]] [[Category:American Twitch (service) streamers]] [[Category:American web series actors]] [[Category:OnlyFans creators]] [[Category:Models from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Models from Hawaii]] 2i4rwmv6til23p14c921s34qila72v1 10882936 10882935 2026-06-10T04:55:28Z ~2026-34277-78 1819468 connie 10882936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = Markiplier | image = Markiplier by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Fischbach at PAX West in 2018 | channel_name = MarkiplierGAME | views = 22.7 billion | birth_name = Mark Edward Fischbach | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|6|28}} | birth_place = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[YouTuber]] * [[actor]]}} | website = {{URL|https://markiplier.com/}} | spouse = {{marriage|Amy Nelson|2025}} | signature = Markiplier signature.svg | origin = [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], U.S. | pseudonym = {{flatlist| * Markiplier * Markimoo *Marketplier }} | years_active = 2012–present | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Let's Play]] * [[Survival horror|horror]] * [[comedy]] * [[vlog]] }} [relatives] Lydia LaForce/cousin Tomas Fishbach/brother | subscribers = 37.7 million | network = Polaris {{small|([[Disney Digital Network]])}} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Jacksepticeye]] * [[PewDiePie]] * [[Jordan Maron]] * [[Adam Montoya]] * [[Fine Brothers]] * ''[[Game Grumps]]'' * Cyndago * Team Edge * [[Jack Black]] * [[Egoraptor]] * [[Jimmy Kimmel]] * [[Ninja Sex Party]] * CrankGameplays * Muyskerm * Lordminion777 }} | silver_year = 2013 | gold_year = 2013 | diamond_year = 2015 | silver_button = yes | gold_button = yes | diamond_button = yes | stats_update = 12 July 2025 }} '''Mark dickward Fischbach''' (born June 28, 1989), known by his [[YouTube]] username dih'''iplier''', is an [[Americans|American]] [[Internet celebrity|internet personality]], [[Let's Play|video game commentator]] and charity fundraiser.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/11G026162-001.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112183801/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/11G026162-001.htm|archive-date=2014-11-12|title=Mark 'Markiplier' Fischbach Joins Red Giant Entertainment's Board of Directors|publisher=CNN|access-date=November 13, 2018|date=November 12, 2014}}</ref> connie you fun niggwr ==Personal life== Born in [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Markiplier|title=Do You Know Markiplier?|date=November 16, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItlhowLfw4o&feature=youtu.be&t=151|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513002018/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItlhowLfw4o&feature=youtu.be&t=151|url-status=live}}</ref> Fischbach began his career in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. His father, Cliffton M. Fischbach, was of [[Germans|German]] descent, while his mother is [[Koreans|Korean]]. He studied [[Civil engineering|Civil Engineering]] at the [[University of Cincinnati]], later changing his degree to [[Biomedical engineering|Biomedical Engineering]]. He later left college and started his [[YouTube]] career. In October 2025, Fischbach married his longtime girlfriend Amy Nelson, after being together for ten years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/markiplier-marries-amy-nelson-after-viral-engagement-rumors-3263392/|title=Markiplier marries Amy Nelson after viral engagement rumors|publisher=Dexerto|accessdate=October 7, 2025|date=October 7, 2025|first=Virginia|last=Glaze}}</ref> ==Career== Fischbach moved to [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] in 2014, wanting to be closer to the [[YouTube]] scene.<ref>{{Citation|last=Markiplier|title=Moving to LA!!|date=January 20, 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVuyKk3epeQ&feature=youtu.be|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=February 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203025531/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVuyKk3epeQ&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2018|8}}, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers,<ref name="2 million marker">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiQUN9WKaro|title=2,000,000|work=YouTube|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2019-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816132530/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiQUN9WKaro&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> and is currently the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|36th]] most-subscribed channel on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidstatsx.com/youtube-top-100-most-subscribed-channels|title=YouTube Top 100 Most Subscribed Channels List - Top by Subscribers|access-date=March 1, 2016|archive-date=October 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016004948/http://vidstatsx.com/youtube-top-100-most-subscribed-channels|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fischbach plays in [[Let's Play (video gaming)|Let's Play]] videos, commonly of [[survival horror]] video games.<ref name="Kotaku">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Patricia|title=Famous YouTubers Go On TV, Teach Jimmy Kimmel A Lesson|url=http://kotaku.com/famous-youtubers-teach-jimmy-kimmel-a-lesson-1728678078|website=Kotaku.com|date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2015|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108111435/http://kotaku.com/famous-youtubers-teach-jimmy-kimmel-a-lesson-1728678078|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Fischbach began his first [[improv]] tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/09/06/markiplier-youre-welcome-tour/|title=YouTube Star Markiplier Will Bring His Comedy Show Across The US And Europe With 31-Show Tour - Tubefilter|date=September 6, 2017|work=Tubefilter|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504013633/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/09/06/markiplier-youre-welcome-tour/|url-status=live}}</ref> which spanned from [[North America]] to [[Europe]] and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://press-start.com.au/news/2018/02/26/youtuber-markiplier-touring-australia-year/|title=YouTuber Markiplier Is Touring Australia This Year|date=February 26, 2018|work=Press Start Australia - Bringing The Best Of Video Games & Gaming To Australia|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011606/https://press-start.com.au/news/2018/02/26/youtuber-markiplier-touring-australia-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. ''Forbes'' reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/11/29/markiplier-raises-422000-save-the-children/|first=Geoff|last=Weiss|title=Uber-Charitable Markiplier Raises $422,000 During 'Save The Children' Stream - Tubefilter|date=November 29, 2017|work=Tubefilter|access-date=April 30, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501092728/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/11/29/markiplier-raises-422000-save-the-children/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/profile|title=About Markiplier|last=Fischbach|first=Mark|date=2018|website=tiltify.com|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150226/https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/profile|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Unus Annus=== On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as [[CrankGameplays]]) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Groux|first=Christopher|date=December 18, 2020|title=Mark "Markiplier" Fischbach Talks Ending Unus Annus and Letting Go of Content|url=https://www.newsweek.com/markiplier-youtube-end-unus-annus-have-courage-let-go-interview-1556047|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[Newsweek]]|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115025525/https://www.newsweek.com/markiplier-youtube-end-unus-annus-have-courage-let-go-interview-1556047|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Carbonell|first=Matthew|date=November 22, 2020|title=Unus Annus Is GONE - Here's What Happened & Why Fans Are Talking About It|url=https://www.cbr.com/unus-annus-markiplier-crankgameplays-youtube/|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[Comic Book Resources]]|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114223358/https://www.cbr.com/unus-annus-markiplier-crankgameplays-youtube/|url-status=live}}</ref> The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markiplier And Ethan Nestor's New Self-Destructing Vlog Project Nets Nearly 1M Subscribers In 3 Days |date=November 18, 2019 |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/11/18/markiplier-unus-annus-youtube-channel-ethan-nestor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120042017/http://www.tubefilter.com/web/20191120042017oe_/https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/11/18/markiplier-unus-annus-youtube-channel-ethan-nestor/ |archive-date=Nov 20, 2019 |access-date=Nov 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unus Annus's YouTube Stats (Summary Profile) – Social Blade Stats |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCIcgBZ9hEJxHv6r_jDYOMqg |access-date=2019-11-24 |website=socialblade.com |archive-date=2020-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417154430/https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCIcgBZ9hEJxHv6r_jDYOMqg |url-status=live }}</ref> The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020.<ref name=meaning>{{cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Bethany |title=The true meaning of Unus Annus: Why the channel is being deleted |url=https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/unus-annus-channel/ |website=Film Daily |date=November 13, 2020 |access-date=13 November 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113205714/https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/unus-annus-channel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.<ref name=meaning/> ===Podcasts=== Fischbach, along with [[Wade Barnes]] (LordMinion777) and Bob Muyskens (Muyskerm) has streamed a podcast on Twitch called ''3 Peens in a Podcast'' since 2018.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft_pxqkbOqw Bonercast Season 2 Announcement | Drunk Minecraft, Weddings and The Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230185418/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft_pxqkbOqw |date=2021-12-30 }} muyskerm. November 23, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</ref> In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beresford|first=Trilby|date=2019-09-09|title=QCODE Orders Fiction Podcast 'The Edge of Sleep' Starring Gamer Markiplier (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/qcode-orders-fiction-podcast-starring-gamer-markiplier-1237234/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032116/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/qcode-orders-fiction-podcast-starring-gamer-markiplier-1237234/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called ''[[Distractible]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Quah|first=Nicholas|date=2021-05-04|title=Are Podcasts Ready For Live Events Again?|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/are-podcasts-ready-for-live-events-again.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Vulture|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032122/https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/are-podcasts-ready-for-live-events-again.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===OnlyFans=== Fischbach created an [[OnlyFans]] account where any money he would get from subscribers would be split evenly between the [[Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|Cincinnati Children's Hospital]] and the [[World Food Programme]].<ref name="IGN">{{Cite web|url=https://sea.ign.com/markiplier/193359/news/onlyfans-website-crashes-after-markiplier-launches-account|title=OnlyFans Website Crashes After Markiplier Launches Account|first=Luqman|last=Hakim|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref><ref name="PCgamer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/markiplier-finally-released-his-onlyfans-and-broke-the-whole-damn-site/|title=Markiplier finally released his OnlyFans and broke the whole damn site|first=Mollie|last=Taylor|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[PC Gamer]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> He promised to post "tasteful [[nudity|nudes]]" on his Only Fans account.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/esports/news-markiplier-s-long-awaited-onlyfans-account-arrived|title=Markiplier's long-awaited OnlyFans account has arrived, promising 'tasteful nudes'|first=Zack|last=Eudaly|website=[[Sportskeeda]]|date=December 9, 2022 |access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> He officially created the account on December 9, 2022, and the increase of people going to the website caused the site to crash on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerty.com/youtubes-himbo-chief-markiplier-just-crashed-onlyfans-golden-gamer-cheeks-20221209|title=YouTube's Himbo-in-Chief Markiplier just crashed OnlyFans with his golden gamer cheeks|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[Queerty]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> ==Philanthropy works== {| class="wikitable" |+Charity LiveStreams/Videos and Totals !Date !Charity !Total Funds !Others With Him |- |July 2012 |Child's Play |$1,000.00 | |- |February 2013 |Cancer Research Institute |$8,047.00<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/stories/donors-and-supporters/mark-fischbach|title=Mark Fischbach|website=Cancer Research Institute|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501005113/https://www.cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/stories/donors-and-supporters/mark-fischbach|url-status=live}}</ref> | |- |February 2015 |Depression and Bipolar Support Association |$82,003.00<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gofundme.com/mwujn0|title=Click here to support Markiplier's Charity Campaign organized by Mark Fischbach|website=gofundme.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093005/https://www.gofundme.com/mwujn0|url-status=live}}</ref> | |- |February 2017 |St. Jude Children's Research Hospital |$115,717.00 | |- |March 2017 |Charity: Water |$254,649.00 | |- |April 2017 |Environmental Defense Fund |$123,111.00 | |- |May 2017 |Game Changer |$198,378.00 | |- |August 2017 |Joyful Heart Foundation |$108,585.00 | |- |September 2017 |Direct Relief |$74,421.00 | |- |October 2017 |National MPS Society |$107,878.00 | |- |November 2017 |Save The Children |$422,773.81<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/markipliers-november-charity-livestream-save-the-children|title=Markiplier's November Charity Livestream - Save the Children|last=Fischbach|first=Mark|date=November 2017|website=tiltify.com|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110401/https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/markipliers-november-charity-livestream-save-the-children|url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Awards and nominations == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Year !Nominated !Award !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="3"| 2016 | [[Streamy Awards]] | Gaming | {{nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | [[Shorty Awards]] | Tech and Innovation: Gaming | {{nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | [[Make-A-Wish Foundation|Make-A-Wish Foundation Award Ceremony]] | Celebrity of the Year | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Markiplier |date=October 27, 2016 |title=I Don't Deserve This |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOWYTw_WYyA |access-date=April 3, 2017 |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120085138/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOWYTw_WYyA |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2017 | [[Golden Joystick Awards]] | Best Streamer/Broadcaster | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Joystick Awards on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/GoldenJoysticks/status/931576779671789568 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |website=Twitter |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005752/https://twitter.com/GoldenJoysticks/status/931576779671789568 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2018 | [[Kids Choice Awards]] | Favorite Funny YouTube Creator | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 | rowspan="2" |Streamy Awards | Show of the Year (A Heist with Markiplier) | {{nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=10th Annual Streamy Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/10th-annual-nominees/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=The Streamy Awards|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214170310/https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/10th-annual-nominees/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Scripted Series (A Heist with Markiplier) | {{Won}} |- |[[Cancer Research Institute]] |Oliver R. Grace Award for Distinguished Service in Advancing Cancer Research | {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing 2020 CRI Philanthropy and Science Awards|url=https://www.cancerresearch.org/news/2020/philanthropy-science-awards-virtual-gala-mchale|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Cancer Research Institute|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190422/https://www.cancerresearch.org/news/2020/philanthropy-science-awards-virtual-gala-mchale|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Markiplier: YouTuber Turned Philanthropist|url=http://theavion.com/markiplier-youtuber-turned-philanthropist/|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-02-25|website=theavion.com|archive-date=2021-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430065227/http://theavion.com/markiplier-youtuber-turned-philanthropist/}}</ref> |- |2021 |Streamy Awards |Best Collaboration (Markiplier and CrankGameplays for Unus Annus) |{{Won}} |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=2021-12-12|title=Bretman Rock, Bailey Sarian, Mark Rober & MrBeast Among Repeat Winners At 2021 YouTube Streamy Awards – Complete Winners List|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/youtube-streamy-awards-complete-winners-list-bretman-rock-bailey-sarian-mark-rober-mrbeast-1234889433/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212041334/https://deadline.com/2021/12/youtube-streamy-awards-complete-winners-list-bretman-rock-bailey-sarian-mark-rober-mrbeast-1234889433/}}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} * {{YouTube|u=markiplierGAME}} * {{IMDb name|nm6290555}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American Internet celebrities]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] [[Category:Actors from Hawaii]] [[Category:Actors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Actors from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Philanthropists from Ohio]] [[Category:American podcasters]] [[Category:American Twitch (service) streamers]] [[Category:American web series actors]] [[Category:OnlyFans creators]] [[Category:Models from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Models from Hawaii]] 3hskzwtd7a2hvtovwmv71jppzzqqkc0 10882938 10882936 2026-06-10T05:00:13Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34277-78|~2026-34277-78]] ([[User talk:~2026-34277-78|talk]]) to last version by Xalsier 10728423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2019}} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = Markiplier | image = Markiplier by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = Fischbach at PAX West in 2018 | channel_name = MarkiplierGAME | views = 22.7 billion | birth_name = Mark Edward Fischbach | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|6|28}} | birth_place = [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], U.S. | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[YouTuber]] * [[actor]]}} | website = {{URL|https://markiplier.com/}} | spouse = {{marriage|Amy Nelson|2025}} | signature = Markiplier signature.svg | origin = [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]], U.S. | pseudonym = {{flatlist| * Markiplier * Markimoo *Marketplier }} | years_active = 2012–present | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Let's Play]] * [[Survival horror|horror]] * [[comedy]] * [[vlog]] }} [relatives] Lydia LaForce/cousin Tomas Fishbach/brother | subscribers = 37.7 million | network = Polaris {{small|([[Disney Digital Network]])}} | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[Jacksepticeye]] * [[PewDiePie]] * [[Jordan Maron]] * [[Adam Montoya]] * [[Fine Brothers]] * ''[[Game Grumps]]'' * Cyndago * Team Edge * [[Jack Black]] * [[Egoraptor]] * [[Jimmy Kimmel]] * [[Ninja Sex Party]] * CrankGameplays * Muyskerm * Lordminion777 }} | silver_year = 2013 | gold_year = 2013 | diamond_year = 2015 | silver_button = yes | gold_button = yes | diamond_button = yes | stats_update = 12 July 2025 }} '''Mark Edward Fischbach''' (born June 28, 1989), known by his [[YouTube]] username '''Markiplier''', is an [[Americans|American]] [[Internet celebrity|internet personality]], [[Let's Play|video game commentator]] and charity fundraiser.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/11G026162-001.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112183801/http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/marketwire/11G026162-001.htm|archive-date=2014-11-12|title=Mark 'Markiplier' Fischbach Joins Red Giant Entertainment's Board of Directors|publisher=CNN|access-date=November 13, 2018|date=November 12, 2014}}</ref> ==Personal life== Born in [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]],<ref>{{Citation|last=Markiplier|title=Do You Know Markiplier?|date=November 16, 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItlhowLfw4o&feature=youtu.be&t=151|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=May 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513002018/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItlhowLfw4o&feature=youtu.be&t=151|url-status=live}}</ref> Fischbach began his career in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. His father, Cliffton M. Fischbach, was of [[Germans|German]] descent, while his mother is [[Koreans|Korean]]. He studied [[Civil engineering|Civil Engineering]] at the [[University of Cincinnati]], later changing his degree to [[Biomedical engineering|Biomedical Engineering]]. He later left college and started his [[YouTube]] career. In October 2025, Fischbach married his longtime girlfriend Amy Nelson, after being together for ten years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dexerto.com/youtube/markiplier-marries-amy-nelson-after-viral-engagement-rumors-3263392/|title=Markiplier marries Amy Nelson after viral engagement rumors|publisher=Dexerto|accessdate=October 7, 2025|date=October 7, 2025|first=Virginia|last=Glaze}}</ref> ==Career== Fischbach moved to [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] in 2014, wanting to be closer to the [[YouTube]] scene.<ref>{{Citation|last=Markiplier|title=Moving to LA!!|date=January 20, 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVuyKk3epeQ&feature=youtu.be|access-date=November 10, 2018|archive-date=February 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203025531/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVuyKk3epeQ&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2018|8}}, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers,<ref name="2 million marker">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiQUN9WKaro|title=2,000,000|work=YouTube|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2019-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816132530/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiQUN9WKaro&feature=youtu.be|url-status=live}}</ref> and is currently the [[List of most-subscribed YouTube channels|36th]] most-subscribed channel on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidstatsx.com/youtube-top-100-most-subscribed-channels|title=YouTube Top 100 Most Subscribed Channels List - Top by Subscribers|access-date=March 1, 2016|archive-date=October 16, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016004948/http://vidstatsx.com/youtube-top-100-most-subscribed-channels|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fischbach plays in [[Let's Play (video gaming)|Let's Play]] videos, commonly of [[survival horror]] video games.<ref name="Kotaku">{{cite web|last1=Hernandez|first1=Patricia|title=Famous YouTubers Go On TV, Teach Jimmy Kimmel A Lesson|url=http://kotaku.com/famous-youtubers-teach-jimmy-kimmel-a-lesson-1728678078|website=Kotaku.com|date=September 4, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2015|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108111435/http://kotaku.com/famous-youtubers-teach-jimmy-kimmel-a-lesson-1728678078|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, Fischbach began his first [[improv]] tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour",<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/09/06/markiplier-youre-welcome-tour/|title=YouTube Star Markiplier Will Bring His Comedy Show Across The US And Europe With 31-Show Tour - Tubefilter|date=September 6, 2017|work=Tubefilter|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504013633/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/09/06/markiplier-youre-welcome-tour/|url-status=live}}</ref> which spanned from [[North America]] to [[Europe]] and [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://press-start.com.au/news/2018/02/26/youtuber-markiplier-touring-australia-year/|title=YouTuber Markiplier Is Touring Australia This Year|date=February 26, 2018|work=Press Start Australia - Bringing The Best Of Video Games & Gaming To Australia|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011606/https://press-start.com.au/news/2018/02/26/youtuber-markiplier-touring-australia-year/|url-status=live}}</ref> Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. ''Forbes'' reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/11/29/markiplier-raises-422000-save-the-children/|first=Geoff|last=Weiss|title=Uber-Charitable Markiplier Raises $422,000 During 'Save The Children' Stream - Tubefilter|date=November 29, 2017|work=Tubefilter|access-date=April 30, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501092728/https://www.tubefilter.com/2017/11/29/markiplier-raises-422000-save-the-children/|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/profile|title=About Markiplier|last=Fischbach|first=Mark|date=2018|website=tiltify.com|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826150226/https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/profile|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Unus Annus=== On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as [[CrankGameplays]]) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Groux|first=Christopher|date=December 18, 2020|title=Mark "Markiplier" Fischbach Talks Ending Unus Annus and Letting Go of Content|url=https://www.newsweek.com/markiplier-youtube-end-unus-annus-have-courage-let-go-interview-1556047|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[Newsweek]]|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115025525/https://www.newsweek.com/markiplier-youtube-end-unus-annus-have-courage-let-go-interview-1556047|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Carbonell|first=Matthew|date=November 22, 2020|title=Unus Annus Is GONE - Here's What Happened & Why Fans Are Talking About It|url=https://www.cbr.com/unus-annus-markiplier-crankgameplays-youtube/|access-date=January 13, 2021|website=[[Comic Book Resources]]|archive-date=January 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114223358/https://www.cbr.com/unus-annus-markiplier-crankgameplays-youtube/|url-status=live}}</ref> The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markiplier And Ethan Nestor's New Self-Destructing Vlog Project Nets Nearly 1M Subscribers In 3 Days |date=November 18, 2019 |url=https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/11/18/markiplier-unus-annus-youtube-channel-ethan-nestor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120042017/http://www.tubefilter.com/web/20191120042017oe_/https://www.tubefilter.com/2019/11/18/markiplier-unus-annus-youtube-channel-ethan-nestor/ |archive-date=Nov 20, 2019 |access-date=Nov 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unus Annus's YouTube Stats (Summary Profile) – Social Blade Stats |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCIcgBZ9hEJxHv6r_jDYOMqg |access-date=2019-11-24 |website=socialblade.com |archive-date=2020-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417154430/https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCIcgBZ9hEJxHv6r_jDYOMqg |url-status=live }}</ref> The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020.<ref name=meaning>{{cite web |last1=Wade |first1=Bethany |title=The true meaning of Unus Annus: Why the channel is being deleted |url=https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/unus-annus-channel/ |website=Film Daily |date=November 13, 2020 |access-date=13 November 2020 |archive-date=13 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113205714/https://filmdaily.co/obsessions/unus-annus-channel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.<ref name=meaning/> ===Podcasts=== Fischbach, along with [[Wade Barnes]] (LordMinion777) and Bob Muyskens (Muyskerm) has streamed a podcast on Twitch called ''3 Peens in a Podcast'' since 2018.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft_pxqkbOqw Bonercast Season 2 Announcement | Drunk Minecraft, Weddings and The Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230185418/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft_pxqkbOqw |date=2021-12-30 }} muyskerm. November 23, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</ref> In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beresford|first=Trilby|date=2019-09-09|title=QCODE Orders Fiction Podcast 'The Edge of Sleep' Starring Gamer Markiplier (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/qcode-orders-fiction-podcast-starring-gamer-markiplier-1237234/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032116/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/qcode-orders-fiction-podcast-starring-gamer-markiplier-1237234/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called ''[[Distractible]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Quah|first=Nicholas|date=2021-05-04|title=Are Podcasts Ready For Live Events Again?|url=https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/are-podcasts-ready-for-live-events-again.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Vulture|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032122/https://www.vulture.com/2021/05/are-podcasts-ready-for-live-events-again.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===OnlyFans=== Fischbach created an [[OnlyFans]] account where any money he would get from subscribers would be split evenly between the [[Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|Cincinnati Children's Hospital]] and the [[World Food Programme]].<ref name="IGN">{{Cite web|url=https://sea.ign.com/markiplier/193359/news/onlyfans-website-crashes-after-markiplier-launches-account|title=OnlyFans Website Crashes After Markiplier Launches Account|first=Luqman|last=Hakim|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[IGN]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref><ref name="PCgamer">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/markiplier-finally-released-his-onlyfans-and-broke-the-whole-damn-site/|title=Markiplier finally released his OnlyFans and broke the whole damn site|first=Mollie|last=Taylor|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[PC Gamer]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> He promised to post "tasteful [[nudity|nudes]]" on his Only Fans account.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/esports/news-markiplier-s-long-awaited-onlyfans-account-arrived|title=Markiplier's long-awaited OnlyFans account has arrived, promising 'tasteful nudes'|first=Zack|last=Eudaly|website=[[Sportskeeda]]|date=December 9, 2022 |access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> He officially created the account on December 9, 2022, and the increase of people going to the website caused the site to crash on the same day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.queerty.com/youtubes-himbo-chief-markiplier-just-crashed-onlyfans-golden-gamer-cheeks-20221209|title=YouTube's Himbo-in-Chief Markiplier just crashed OnlyFans with his golden gamer cheeks|date=December 9, 2022|website=[[Queerty]]|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref> ==Philanthropy works== {| class="wikitable" |+Charity LiveStreams/Videos and Totals !Date !Charity !Total Funds !Others With Him |- |July 2012 |Child's Play |$1,000.00 | |- |February 2013 |Cancer Research Institute |$8,047.00<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/stories/donors-and-supporters/mark-fischbach|title=Mark Fischbach|website=Cancer Research Institute|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501005113/https://www.cancerresearch.org/immunotherapy/stories/donors-and-supporters/mark-fischbach|url-status=live}}</ref> | |- |February 2015 |Depression and Bipolar Support Association |$82,003.00<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gofundme.com/mwujn0|title=Click here to support Markiplier's Charity Campaign organized by Mark Fischbach|website=gofundme.com|language=en-US|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093005/https://www.gofundme.com/mwujn0|url-status=live}}</ref> | |- |February 2017 |St. Jude Children's Research Hospital |$115,717.00 | |- |March 2017 |Charity: Water |$254,649.00 | |- |April 2017 |Environmental Defense Fund |$123,111.00 | |- |May 2017 |Game Changer |$198,378.00 | |- |August 2017 |Joyful Heart Foundation |$108,585.00 | |- |September 2017 |Direct Relief |$74,421.00 | |- |October 2017 |National MPS Society |$107,878.00 | |- |November 2017 |Save The Children |$422,773.81<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/markipliers-november-charity-livestream-save-the-children|title=Markiplier's November Charity Livestream - Save the Children|last=Fischbach|first=Mark|date=November 2017|website=tiltify.com|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110401/https://tiltify.com/@markiplier/markipliers-november-charity-livestream-save-the-children|url-status=live}}</ref> | |} == Awards and nominations == {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Year !Nominated !Award !Result ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="3"| 2016 | [[Streamy Awards]] | Gaming | {{nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | [[Shorty Awards]] | Tech and Innovation: Gaming | {{nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | [[Make-A-Wish Foundation|Make-A-Wish Foundation Award Ceremony]] | Celebrity of the Year | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Markiplier |date=October 27, 2016 |title=I Don't Deserve This |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOWYTw_WYyA |access-date=April 3, 2017 |website=[[YouTube]] |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120085138/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOWYTw_WYyA |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2017 | [[Golden Joystick Awards]] | Best Streamer/Broadcaster | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Joystick Awards on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/GoldenJoysticks/status/931576779671789568 |access-date=November 19, 2017 |website=Twitter |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005752/https://twitter.com/GoldenJoysticks/status/931576779671789568 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | 2018 | [[Kids Choice Awards]] | Favorite Funny YouTube Creator | {{Nominated}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 | rowspan="2" |Streamy Awards | Show of the Year (A Heist with Markiplier) | {{nominated}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=10th Annual Streamy Nominees & Winners|url=https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/10th-annual-nominees/|access-date=2021-02-25|website=The Streamy Awards|language=en|archive-date=2020-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214170310/https://www.streamys.org/nominees-winners/10th-annual-nominees/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | Scripted Series (A Heist with Markiplier) | {{Won}} |- |[[Cancer Research Institute]] |Oliver R. Grace Award for Distinguished Service in Advancing Cancer Research | {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing 2020 CRI Philanthropy and Science Awards|url=https://www.cancerresearch.org/news/2020/philanthropy-science-awards-virtual-gala-mchale|access-date=2021-02-25|website=Cancer Research Institute|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190422/https://www.cancerresearch.org/news/2020/philanthropy-science-awards-virtual-gala-mchale|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Markiplier: YouTuber Turned Philanthropist|url=http://theavion.com/markiplier-youtuber-turned-philanthropist/|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-02-25|website=theavion.com|archive-date=2021-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430065227/http://theavion.com/markiplier-youtuber-turned-philanthropist/}}</ref> |- |2021 |Streamy Awards |Best Collaboration (Markiplier and CrankGameplays for Unus Annus) |{{Won}} |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Grobar|first=Matt|date=2021-12-12|title=Bretman Rock, Bailey Sarian, Mark Rober & MrBeast Among Repeat Winners At 2021 YouTube Streamy Awards – Complete Winners List|url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/youtube-streamy-awards-complete-winners-list-bretman-rock-bailey-sarian-mark-rober-mrbeast-1234889433/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Deadline|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212041334/https://deadline.com/2021/12/youtube-streamy-awards-complete-winners-list-bretman-rock-bailey-sarian-mark-rober-mrbeast-1234889433/}}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} * {{YouTube|u=markiplierGAME}} * {{IMDb name|nm6290555}} [[Category:1989 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American Internet celebrities]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] [[Category:Actors from Hawaii]] [[Category:Actors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Actors from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Philanthropists from Ohio]] [[Category:American podcasters]] [[Category:American Twitch (service) streamers]] [[Category:American web series actors]] [[Category:OnlyFans creators]] [[Category:Models from Cincinnati]] [[Category:Models from Hawaii]] 3l84b3kmrwiyjk6qdob11m71lwxaxj4 0 504135 10882395 8060108 2026-06-09T15:34:43Z ~2026-34130-81 1819144 10882395 wikitext text/x-wiki teen titans go sucks, robin is b***h. {{disambiguation}} nl9579f0689kf4dcc4juxwiodgt8rth 10882399 10882395 2026-06-09T15:35:36Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81|~2026-34130-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-34130-81|talk]]) to last version by GoingBatty: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 8060108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wiktionary}} '''Robin''' may mean *A small bird with a red chest **[[European robin]] **[[American robin]] **[[Australian robin]] *[[Robin (comics)]], a character in the ''Batman'' comic series and movies **''[[Batman & Robin]]'', a movie featuring the character {{disambiguation}} tlwviq7n4bnka2mqs5dv0kfhdx92yp6 0 517379 10882917 10882045 2026-06-10T04:11:29Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Kevin_owens_and_sami_zayn_as_undisputed_champions.jpg|Kevin_owens_and_sami_zayn_as_undisputed_champions.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 2 June 2026. 10882917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestler |image = Kevin Owens at IGN Live 2026.jpg |caption = Owens in 2026 |birthname = Kevin Yanick Steen |names ='''Kevin Owens'''<ref name=Cagematch>{{cite web|title=Kevin Owens|publisher=Cagematch|access-date=December 31, 2023|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1499|archive-date=December 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216205624/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1499|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/>Kevin Steen<ref name=Cagematch/> |height = 6 ft 0 in<ref name=WWE>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/kevin-owens|title=Kevin Owens|access-date=December 12, 2014|publisher=[[WWE]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224111748/https://www.wwe.com/superstars/kevinowens|archive-date=December 24, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> |weight = 266 lb<ref name=WWE/> |spouse = {{marriage|Karina Lamer<br />|2007}} |children = 2 |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|5|7}} |birth_place = [[Marieville]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] |billed = Marieville, Quebec, Canada<ref name=WWE/><ref name=ROH>{{cite web|url=https://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/roster/kevin-steen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630000719/http://www.rohwrestling.com/wrestlers/roster/kevin-steen|title=Kevin Steen|archive-date=June 30, 2013|access-date=December 27, 2011|publisher=[[Ring of Honor]]}}</ref> |trainer = [[Jacques Rougeau]]<br/>[[Pierre Carl Ouellet]]<br/>Serge Jodoin<br/>[[Terry Taylor]] |debut = May 7, 2000< }} '''Kevin Yanick Steen''' (born May 7, 1984) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]. He currently wrestles for the [[WWE]], where he works on the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] brand under the [[ring name]] '''Kevin Owens'''. In WWE, he won the [[NXT Championship|NXT]] and the [[WWE Universal Championship|Universal Championship]] once each, the [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|Intercontinental Championship]] twice, the [[WWE United States Championship|United States Championship]] three times, and the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship (the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown]] Tag Team Championships) once with [[Sami Zayn]]. Owens is the 23rd overall [[Grand Slam (professional wrestling)#WWE|Grand Slam Champion]]. Steen was also known for competing on the [[independent circuit]] under his real name. He has worked for [[Ring of Honor]] (ROH), [[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]] (PWG), and [[Combat Zone Wrestling]] (CZW). He was a one-time [[ROH World Championship|ROH World Champion]] and a [[ROH World Tag Team Championship|ROH World Tag Team Champion]] with [[Sami Zayn|El Generico]] in ROH, a three-time [[PWG World Championship|PWG World Champion]] and a three-time [[PWG World Tag Team Championship|PWG World Tag Team Champion]] with El Generico (twice) and [[Super Dragon (wrestler)|Super Dragon]] (once), and a one-time [[CZW Iron Man Championship|CZW Iron Man Champion]]. == Championships and accomplishments == {{multiple image | align = right | width = 170 | direction = vertical | image1 = ROH World Champion Kevin Steen.jpg | caption1 = Steen as ROH World Champion | image2 = Kevin Owens, wrestler, March 2015.jpg | caption2 = Owens as [[NXT Championship|NXT Champion]] | image3 = Kevin Owens as Universal Champion in September 2016.jpg | caption3 = Owens as [[WWE Universal Championship|Universal Champion]] | image4 = | caption4 = Owens and [[Sami Zayn]] with both the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw]] (red) and [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown]] (blue) Tag Team Championship belts }} * '''All American Wrestling''' ** AAW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74869.shtml|title=Show results – 11/30 AAW in Berwyn, Ill.: Steen captures AAW Title, Finals of Allegiance Tag Tournament more|date=December 1, 2013|access-date=December 1, 2013|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203034155/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/Arena_Reports_10/article_74869.shtml|archive-date=December 3, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=565|title=AAW Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=November 30, 2013|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=September 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902180402/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=565|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Capital City Championship Combat''' ** C4 Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1143|title=C4 Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=June 6, 2009|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=July 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707050859/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1143|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** C4 Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with [[Mike Bailey (wrestler)|Mike Bailey]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1419|title=C4 Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=April 30, 2011|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=September 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905004616/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1419|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** C4 Championship Tournament (2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1261&page=2|title=C4 Championship Tournament (2009)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=June 6, 2009|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205043715/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1261&page=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[Combat Zone Wrestling]]''' ** CZW Iron Man Championship (1 time)<ref name="CZWiron">{{cite web|url=http://www.czwrestling.com/titlehistory/#NewHorror |title=CZW New Horror Champions |access-date=October 23, 2010 |publisher=[[Combat Zone Wrestling]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005104115/http://www.czwrestling.com/titlehistory/ |archive-date=October 5, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=99|title=CZW Iron Man Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=August 13, 2005|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=January 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128192104/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=99|url-status=dead}}</ref> *'''Elite Wrestling Revolution''' **EWR Heavyweight Championship (1 time, inaugural)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1047|title=EWR Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=February 6, 2004|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210124840/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1047|url-status=dead}}</ref> **Elite 8 (2005)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1127&page=2|title=Elite 8 (2005)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=November 5, 2005|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210124903/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1127&page=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> **EWR Championship Tournament (2004)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1129&page=2|title=EWR Championship Tournament (2004)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=February 6, 2004|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231051840/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=1129&page=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''International Wrestling Syndicate''' ** IWS [[Canadian Championship]] (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=412|title=IWS Canadian Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=May 24, 2008|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=September 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929042117/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=412|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** IWS [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|World Heavyweight Championship]] (3 times)<ref name="OWOW">{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/k/kevin-steen.html|title=Kevin Steen|access-date=October 23, 2010|publisher=Online World of Wrestling|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524010312/http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/k/kevin-steen.html|archive-date=May 24, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/results/other/2004-06.html|title=Independent Wrestling Results – June 2004|access-date=July 5, 2008|publisher=Online World of Wrestling|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505014754/http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/results/other/2004-06.html|archive-date=May 5, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=411|title=IWS World Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=March 22, 2008|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=June 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604160201/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=411|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''North Shore Pro Wrestling''' ** NSPW Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1389|title=NSPW Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=August 6, 2011|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=March 12, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312155743/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1389|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]]''' ** PWG World Championship (3 times)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestlingguerrilla.com/results/world_champion/champion006.html|title=Pro Wrestling Guerrilla World Champion: "Mr. Wrestling" Kevin Steen|access-date=October 23, 2010|publisher=[[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012193614/http://www.prowrestlingguerrilla.com/results/world_champion/champion006.html|archive-date=October 12, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=123|title=PWG World Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=August 6, 2005|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180308/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=123|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** PWG [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] (3 times) – with [[Sami Zayn|El Generico]] (2) and [[Super Dragon (wrestler)|Super Dragon]] (1)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestlingguerrilla.com/results/world_tag_team_champion/champion016.html|title=Pro Wrestling Guerrilla World Tag Team Champions: El Generico & "Mr. Wrestling" Kevin Steen|access-date=October 23, 2010|publisher=[[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012213230/http://www.prowrestlingguerrilla.com/results/world_tag_team_champion/champion016.html|archive-date=October 12, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestlingguerrilla.com/results/world_tag_team_champion/champion019.html|title=Pro Wrestling Guerrilla World Tag Team Champions: El Generico & "Mr. Wrestling" Kevin Steen (2nd Reign)|access-date=October 23, 2010|publisher=[[Pro Wrestling Guerrilla]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012213235/http://www.prowrestlingguerrilla.com/results/world_tag_team_champion/champion019.html|archive-date=October 12, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=124|title=PWG World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=July 29, 2007|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=March 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044230/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=124|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Ranked No. 3 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]'' in 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2017.html|title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2017|access-date=August 30, 2017|work=The Internet Wrestling Database|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831132846/http://profightdb.com/pwi-500/2017.html|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''Quebec Wrestling Hall of Fame''' ** Class of 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pwinsiderxtra.com/ViewArticle.php?id=33999&p=1|title=Bret Hart, Kevin Owens inducted into Quebec Wrestling Hall of Fame|last=Johnson|first=Mike|date=December 6, 2017|access-date=December 7, 2017|work=Pro Wrestling Insider}}</ref> * '''[[Ring of Honor]]''' ** ROH World Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=121|title=ROH World Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=May 12, 2012|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180329/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=121|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** ROH World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with [[Sami Zayn|El Generico]]<ref name="ROHtag">{{cite web|url=http://www.rohwrestling.com/rohworldtagteamtitles.php|title=Ring Of Honor Tag Team Championship |access-date=April 5, 2010 |publisher=[[Ring of Honor]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412035856/http://www.rohwrestling.com/rohworldtagteamtitles.php|archive-date=April 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=122|title=ROH World Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=September 19, 2008|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223180320/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=122|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** ROH World Championship No. 1 Contender Tournament (2008)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=729&page=2|title=ROH World Championship No. 1 Contender Tournament (2008)|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=February 22, 2008|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206003737/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=26&nr=729&page=2|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** Match of the Decade (2010s) {{small|vs. El Generico at Final Battle 2012: Doomsday}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rohwrestling.com/news/match-decade-kevin-steen-vs-el-generico-ladder-war|title=Match of The Decade: Kevin Steen vs. El Generico Ladder War|access-date=August 7, 2021|work=[[Ring of Honor]]|date=January 23, 2020}}</ref> * '''''[[Rolling Stone]]''''' ** Best Heel (2015)<ref name="RollingStone2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/sports/features/wwe-wrestler-s-of-the-year-the-new-day-20151214|title=WWE Wrestler(s) of the Year|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=December 14, 2015|publisher=Rolling Stone}}</ref> ** Best Promos (2015) {{small|tied with [[John Cena]]}}<ref name="RollingStoneHalfYear2015">{{cite magazine|last=Herzog|first=Kenny|title=WWE Wrestler of the Year (So Far): Kevin Owens|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-sports/wwe-wrestler-of-the-year-so-far-kevin-owens-75404/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=July 1, 2015|access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> ** Best Storyline (2015) {{small|vs. John Cena}}<ref name="RollingStone2015"/> ** Ranked No. 6 of the 10 best WWE wrestlers of 2016<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Herzog|first=Ken|title=10 Best WWE Wrestlers of 2016|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/10-best-wwe-wrestlers-of-2016-119760/enzo-and-cass-121969/|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=December 21, 2016|access-date=September 30, 2020}}</ref> ** Rookie of the Year (2015)<ref name="RollingStone2015"/> ** WWE Match of the Year (2015) {{small|vs. John Cena at [[Money in the Bank (2015)|Money in the Bank]]}}<ref name="RollingStone2015"/> ** WWE Wrestler of the Half-Year (2015)<ref name="RollingStoneHalfYear2015"/> * '''''SoCal Uncensored''''' ** Match of the Year (2011) <small>with Super Dragon vs. [[The Young Bucks]] on December 10</small><ref name=SoCal2011>{{cite web|url=http://socaluncensored.com/2012/10/02/2011-socal-year-end-awards/|title=2011 SoCal Year End Awards|date=October 2, 2012|access-date=August 7, 2015|work=SoCal Uncensored|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426170250/http://socaluncensored.com/2012/10/02/2011-socal-year-end-awards/|archive-date=April 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ** Wrestler of the Year (2005, 2011, 2012)<ref name=SoCal2011/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.socaluncensored.com/titles/awards/scu05.htm|title=SoCal UNCENSORED Awards 2005|work=SoCal Uncensored|access-date=April 9, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822123621/http://www.socaluncensored.com/titles/awards/scu05.htm|archive-date=August 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://socaluncensored.com/2013/03/04/2012-socal-year-end-awards/|title=2012 SoCal Year End Awards|date=March 4, 2013|access-date=August 7, 2015|work=SoCal Uncensored|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929063008/http://socaluncensored.com/2013/03/04/2012-socal-year-end-awards/|archive-date=September 29, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''''[[Sports Illustrated]]''''' ** Ranked No. 7 of the [[Sports Illustrated#Wrestler of the Year|top 10 wrestlers]] in 2017<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.si.com/wrestling/2017/12/29/top-10-wrestlers-2017|title=Top 10 Wrestlers of the Year|last=Barrasso|first=Justin|date=December 29, 2017|access-date=December 30, 2017|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229202856/https://www.si.com/wrestling/2017/12/29/top-10-wrestlers-2017|archive-date=December 29, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''''[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards|Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]''''' ** Best Brawler (2010–2012)<ref name=WON2010>{{cite magazine|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=January 26, 2011|title=Biggest issue of the year: The 2011 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Awards Issue|magazine=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|location=[[Campbell, California]]|pages=1–40|issn=1083-9593}}</ref><ref name="WON11">{{cite magazine|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=January 30, 2012|title=Jan 30 Wrestling Observer Newsletter: Gigantic year-end awards issue, best and worst in all categories plus UFC on FX 1, death of Savannah Jack, ratings, tons and tons of news|magazine=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|location=[[Campbell, California]]|issn=1083-9593}}</ref><ref name="WON12">{{cite magazine|last=Meltzer|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Meltzer|date=January 23, 2013|title=The 2012 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Annual Awards Issue|magazine=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]|location=[[Campbell, California]]|issn=1083-9593|url=http://www.f4wonline.com/component/content/article/110-wrestling-observer-newsletter/29425-the-2012-wrestling-observer-newsletter-annual-awards-issue}}</ref> ** Feud of the Year (2010) {{small|vs. El Generico}}<ref name=WON2010/> * '''Squared Circle Wrestling''' ** 2CW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1144|title=2CW Heavyweight Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=June 23, 2012|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214212908/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1144|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** 2CW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jason Axe<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1145|title=2CW Tag Team Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=May 16, 2014|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=August 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826161308/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1145|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''[[WWE]]''' ** [[WWE Universal Championship]] ([[WWE Universal Championship#Reigns|1 time]])<ref name="WWEUniversalChampionship">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/universal-championship|title=Universal Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405165423/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/universal-championship|archive-date=April 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3102|title=WWE Universal Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=August 29, 2016|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210192800/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=3102|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[NXT Championship]] ([[NXT Championship#Title history|1 time]])<ref name="NXTChampionship">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/nxt-championship|title=NXT Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409171029/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/nxt-championship|archive-date=April 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1789|title=NXT Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=February 11, 2015|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214212908/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=1789|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE Intercontinental Championship]] ([[List of WWE Intercontinental Champions|2 times]])<ref name="ICChampionship">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental|title=Intercontinental Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=February 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116121547/https://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/intercontinental|archive-date=November 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=16|title=WWE Intercontinental Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=September 20, 2015|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214212908/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE United States Championship]] ([[List of WWE United States Champions|3 times]])<ref name="USChampionship">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates|title=United States Championship|publisher=[[WWE]]|access-date=April 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113024140/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/5192013-dean-ambrose|archive-date=January 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=62|title=WWE United States Championship|first=Philip|last=Kreikenbohm|publisher=Cagematch|date=April 2, 2017|access-date=November 19, 2020|archive-date=December 14, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214212908/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=5&nr=62|url-status=dead}}</ref> ** [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]] ([[List of WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length|1 time]]) – with [[Sami Zayn]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/raw-tag-team-championship|title=WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|publisher=[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)]]}}</ref> ** [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]] ([[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship#Reigns|1 time]]) – with Sami Zayn<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/smackdown-tag-team-championship|title=WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|publisher=[[WWE|World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)]]}}</ref> **[[Grand Slam (professional wrestling)#WWE|16th Grand Slam Champion (under current format; 23rd overall)]] ** WWE United States Championship #1 Contender Tournament (2023–2024) == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Kevin Steen}} *{{WWE superstar|kevinowens}} {{WWE personnel}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Owens, Kevin}} [[Category:1984 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Professional wrestling announcers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Quebec]] [[Category:WWE wrestlers]] 4qu1uhp0hfps3botvt8q0m8oc1an7vl 0 521515 10882370 7975656 2026-06-09T14:40:24Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sportsperson |name = Tommy Hanson |image = MG 4626 Tommy Hanson (re-cropped).jpg |caption = Hanson with the [[Atlanta Braves]] in 2009 |team = |number = |position = [[Starting pitcher]] |birth_date = {{Birth date|1986|8|28}} |birth_place = [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]] |death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|2015|11|9|1986|8|28}} |death_place = [[Atlanta, Georgia]] |bats = Right |throws = Right |debutleague = MLB |debutdate = June 7 |debutyear = 2009 |debutteam = Atlanta Braves |finalleague = MLB |finaldate=September 28 |finalyear=2013 |finalteam=Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim |statleague = MLB |stat1label = [[Win–loss record (pitching)|Win–loss record]] |stat1value = 49–35 |stat2label = [[Earned run average]] |stat2value = 3.80 |stat3label = [[Strikeout]]s |stat3value = 648 |teams = * [[Atlanta Braves]] ({{mlby|2009}}–{{mlby|2012}}) * [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim]] ({{mlby|2013}}) }} '''Thomas J. "Tommy" Hanson Jr.'''<ref>{{cite web|last=Rasmussen|first=Patty|url=http://atlanta.braves.mlb.com/news/print.jsp?ymd=20090902&content_id=6757630&vkey=news_atl&c_id=atl|title=ChopTalk: Talking with Tommy Hanson|publisher=braves.com|date=September 2, 2009|access-date=July 31, 2010|archive-date=November 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015618/http://atlanta.braves.mlb.com/news/print.jsp?ymd=20090902&content_id=6757630&vkey=news_atl&c_id=atl|url-status=dead}}</ref> (August 28, 1986 &ndash; November 9, 2015) was an [[Americans|American]] [[professional baseball]] [[pitcher]] in [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). He played for the [[Atlanta Braves]] and [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ballew|first=Bill|url=http://www.baseballamerica.com/today/prospects/rankings/organization-top-10-prospects/2009/267345.html|title=BaseballAmerica.com: Prospects: Rankings: Organization Top 10 Prospects: Atlanta Braves Top 10 Prospects|publisher=Baseballamerica.com|date=December 15, 2008|access-date=December 26, 2008}}</ref> Hanson made his MLB debut with Atlanta that season, and played with the Braves through 2012. He pitched his final season in 2013 with the Angels, who had acquired him in a trade. On November 9, 2015, Hanson was reported to be in a [[coma]] with "catastrophic organ failure."<ref name=Cwik>{{cite news|last1=Cwik|first1=Chris|title=Report: Former Braves starter Tommy Hanson in coma at Atlanta hospital|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mlb-big-league-stew/report--former-braves-starter-tommy-hanson-in-coma-at-atlanta-hospital-004938076.html|access-date=November 10, 2015|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|date=November 9, 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=Short>{{cite news|last1=Short|first1=D.J.|title=UPDATE: Tommy Hanson in a coma at Atlanta-area hospital|url=http://mlb.nbcsports.com/2015/11/09/report-tommy-hanson-in-a-coma-at-atlanta-area-hospital/|access-date=November 10, 2015|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|date=November 9, 2015}}</ref> He died at [[Piedmont Hospital]] in Atlanta later that night at the age of 29.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bowman|first1=Mark|title=Former pitcher Hanson passes away at 29|url=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/156913710/tommy-hanson-passes-away-at-29|access-date=November 10, 2015|publisher=MLB.com|date=November 10, 2015|archive-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112183018/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/156913710/tommy-hanson-passes-away-at-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Healy|first1=John|title=Former Braves pitcher Tommy Hanson dead at 29: report|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/braves-pitcher-tommy-hanson-coma-report-article-1.2428878|access-date=November 10, 2015|work=New York Daily News|date=November 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Brien|first1=David|title=Former Braves pitcher Tommy Hanson dead at 29|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/sports/baseball/former-braves-pitcher-tommy-hanson-dead-at-29/npKLD/|access-date=November 10, 2015|work=Atlanta Journal Constitution|date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> ==References== {{commonscat}} {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hanson, Tommy}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:2015 deaths]] [[Category:Atlanta Braves players]] [[Category:Deaths from multiple organ failure]] [[Category:Disease-related deaths in Atlanta]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma]] {{US-sports-bio-stub}} kp3fuy7siknuivdp1bjjenno53b8kan 0 543391 10882787 10866118 2026-06-10T00:48:48Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Tom Steyer |image = Tom Steyer February 2019.jpg |birth_name = Thomas Fahr Steyer |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|6|27}} |birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York]] [[United States|U.S.]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |networth = {{gain}}[[United States dollar|US$]]1.6 [[1,000,000,000 (number)|billion]]<br>(March 2014)<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/thomas-steyer "The World's Billionaires - Thomas Steyer"] ''Forbes''. March 2013.</ref> |alma_mater = [[Yale College|Yale University (B.A.)]]<br>[[Stanford University|Stanford University (M.B.A)]] |residence = [[San Francisco]], [[California]], U.S. |spouse = {{marriage|Kathryn Ann Taylor|1986|}} |children = 4 |website = [http://www.faralloncapital.com/farallon Official website] }} '''Thomas Fahr "Tom" Steyer''' (born June 27, 1957) is an [[Americans|American]] [[hedge fund]] manager, [[politician]], [[philanthropist]], and [[environmentalist]].<ref name="Lashinsky">{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/17/news/newsmakers/lashinsky_steyer.fortune/index.htm|title=California's hedge fund king|access-date=2010-07-23|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|date=September 17, 2008|work=Fortune|archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811215743/https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/17/news/newsmakers/lashinsky_steyer.fortune/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Steyer is the founder and former Co-Senior Managing Partner of Farallon Capital Management, LLC and the co-founder of Beneficial State Bank. Steyer was on the Board of Trustees at [[Stanford University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://facts.stanford.edu/governance.html|title=University Governance|access-date=February 12, 2012|publisher=Stanford University|archive-date=January 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117123123/http://facts.stanford.edu/governance.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from 2012 to 2017. Steyer unsuccessfully ran for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nomination for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020]]. He also unsuccessfully ran for [[Governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 gubernatorial election]]. ==Early life and education== Steyer was born in [[Manhattan]], New York City.<ref name="Men's Journal">{{cite news|last1=Hagan|first1=Joe|title=Tom Steyer: An Inconvenient Billionaire|url=https://www.mensjournal.com/features/tom-steyer-an-inconvenient-billionaire-20140218|work=Men's Journal|date=February 18, 2014|access-date=June 13, 2016}}</ref> His mother, Marnie (née Fahr) was a teacher and his father, Roy Henry Steyer was a law firm partner<ref name="NYTWedding">[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/17/style/kathryn-taylor-weds-tf-steyer.html "Kathryn Taylor Weds T.F. Steyer"] ''The New York Times'', August 17, 1986</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04pmAAAAMAAJ&q=Roy+Henry+Steyer+Fahr |title=World Who's who in Commerce and Industry|page=1327|publisher=Marquis-Who's Who|year=1968}}</ref> and was a prosecutor at the [[Nuremberg Trials]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/26/classified/paid-notice-deaths-steyer-roy-h.html|title=Paid Notice: Deaths STEYER, ROY H.|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 26, 1997|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref> Steyer grew up on the [[Upper East Side]] of Manhattan. He graduated from [[Yale University]] ''summa cum laude'' in [[economics]] and [[political science]]. Steyer received his MBA from [[Stanford University|Stanford Graduate School of Business]].<ref name="Stanford Business">{{cite web|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/visit/commencement/remarks-dean-garth-saloner|title=Remarks by Dean Garth Saloner|date=2016|publisher=Stanford Graduate School of Business|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010172917/https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/visit/commencement/remarks-dean-garth-saloner/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Political activity== In 2017, Steyer spent around $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the [[impeachment]] of President [[Donald Trump]] and plans to spend millions more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trump's impeachment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2017/10/25/this-billionaire-is-spending-more-than-10-million-calling-for-trumps-impeachment-tom-steyer/#33cc49811e82|title=This Billionaire Is Spending More Than $10 Million Calling For Trump's Impeachment|first=Angel|last=Au-Yeung}}</ref> Steyer thought about running for [[Governor of California]] in the [[California gubernatorial election, 2018|2018 gubernatorial election]] as a stance against President Trump.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 11, 2017|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-tom-steyer-still-coy-about-whether-1494533481-htmlstory.html|title=Tom Steyer still coy about whether he'll run for governor|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/333938-tom-steyer-testing-waters-for-calif-gubernatorial-bid|title=Tom Steyer testing waters for Calif. gubernatorial bid|last=Master|first=Cyra|date=2017-05-17|work=The Hill|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> ===2020 presidential campaign=== [[File:Tom 2020 (1).png|thumb|right|200px|Steyer's 2020 presidential campaign logo]] {{main|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} On July 9, 2019, Steyer announced his candidacy for [[President of the United States]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]. He stated that he would be running in the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Democratic primaries]] in an online campaign video.<ref name="Garofoli">{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/San-Francisco-billionaire-Tom-Steyer-launches-14081053.php|title=San Francisco billionaire Tom Steyer launches presidential campaign |last=Garofoli |first=Joe|date=July 9, 2019|work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref> He dropped out of the race after losing the [[South Carolina]] primary on February 29, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/tom-steyer-drops-out-of-the-2020-presidential-race-2020-2|title=Tom Steyer drops out of the 2020 presidential race|last=Panetta|first=Grace|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> Steyer spent $250 million of his own money on his campaign. This was more than any other candidate in history, except [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|Mike Bloomberg's campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fordham|first=Evie|date=2020-03-01|title=Trump mocks Steyer spending after Democratic billionaire drops out|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/trump-tom-steyer-drops-out|access-date=2020-08-13|website=FOXBusiness|language=en-US}}</ref> === 2024 presidential election === In 2023, Steyer held a [[fundraiser]] for President [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign|re-election campaign]] for president in his [[San Francisco]] home.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-02 |title=Biden raises money at Tom Steyer home in San Francisco |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-raises-money-tom-steyer-home-san-francisco-2023-09-27/?ref=upstract.com |access-date=2024-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002045047/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-raises-money-tom-steyer-home-san-francisco-2023-09-27/?ref=upstract.com |archive-date=October 2, 2023 }}</ref> ===2026 California gubernatorial campaign=== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In November 2025, Steyer announced his candidacy for [[Governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 gubernatorial election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenhall |first1=Laurel |title=A Politically Restless Billionaire Enters the California Governor’s Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/19/us/tom-steyer-california-governor-2026.html |access-date=19 November 2025 |work=New York Times |date=19 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== In August 1986, Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor. They have four children, Samuel Taylor ("Sam"), Charles Augustus ("Gus"), Evelyn Hoover ("Evi"), and Henry Hume ("Henry"). They live in [[San Francisco]], [[California]].<ref name="reuters.com"/> Steyer has two brothers: Hume Steyer, an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer, an attorney, author, and Stanford University professor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csre.stanford.edu/major/steyer.htm|title=Comparative Studies of Race and Ethnicity at Stanford|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080152/http://csre.stanford.edu/major/steyer.htm|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}</ref> Steyer has a [[net worth]] of $1.6 billion.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Thomas Steyer |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/thomas-steyer/ |website=Forbes |access-date=February 13, 2021}}</ref> Steyer wears [[tartan]] neckties every day, because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.”<ref name="Eilperin2013">{{cite news |last1=Eilperin |first1=Juliet |title=Health & Science Billionaire has unique role in official Washington: Climate change radical |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/billionaire-has-unique-role-in-official-washington-climate-change-radical/2013/02/17/23cdcf4c-6b26-11e2-95b3-272d604a10a3_story.html |access-date=30 May 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why Tom Steyer Wears a Tartan Tie |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/style/tom-steyer-plaid-tie-2020-democratic-debate.html |author=Vanessa Friedman |date=October 16, 2019 |access-date=February 29, 2020}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat}} *[http://www.faralloncapital.com/farallon/ Farallon Capital Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050319085750/http://www.faralloncapital.com/farallon/ |date=2005-03-19 }} *[http://www.hf.com/ Hellman & Friedman LLC] *[http://www.onecalif.com/ OneCalifornia Bank] *[http://www.leftcoastgrassfed.com/about/tomkat-ranch/ TomKat Ranch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528170921/http://www.leftcoastgrassfed.com/about/tomkat-ranch/ |date=2016-05-28 }} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Steyer, Tom}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American human rights activists]] [[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]] [[Category:Politicians from New York City]] [[Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco]] [[Category:Politicians from San Francisco]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:2020 United States presidential candidates]] rerm2q3jdw41b08km1iygrkpzuwrv47 10882788 10882787 2026-06-10T00:50:50Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* 2026 California gubernatorial campaign */ 10882788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Tom Steyer |image = Tom Steyer February 2019.jpg |birth_name = Thomas Fahr Steyer |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|6|27}} |birth_place = [[New York City]], [[New York]] [[United States|U.S.]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |networth = {{gain}}[[United States dollar|US$]]1.6 [[1,000,000,000 (number)|billion]]<br>(March 2014)<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/thomas-steyer "The World's Billionaires - Thomas Steyer"] ''Forbes''. March 2013.</ref> |alma_mater = [[Yale College|Yale University (B.A.)]]<br>[[Stanford University|Stanford University (M.B.A)]] |residence = [[San Francisco]], [[California]], U.S. |spouse = {{marriage|Kathryn Ann Taylor|1986|}} |children = 4 |website = [http://www.faralloncapital.com/farallon Official website] }} '''Thomas Fahr "Tom" Steyer''' (born June 27, 1957) is an [[Americans|American]] [[hedge fund]] manager, [[politician]], [[philanthropist]], and [[environmentalist]].<ref name="Lashinsky">{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/09/17/news/newsmakers/lashinsky_steyer.fortune/index.htm|title=California's hedge fund king|access-date=2010-07-23|last=Lashinsky|first=Adam|date=September 17, 2008|work=Fortune|archive-date=2019-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811215743/https://money.cnn.com/2008/09/17/news/newsmakers/lashinsky_steyer.fortune/index.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Steyer is the founder and former Co-Senior Managing Partner of Farallon Capital Management, LLC and the co-founder of Beneficial State Bank. Steyer was on the Board of Trustees at [[Stanford University]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://facts.stanford.edu/governance.html|title=University Governance|access-date=February 12, 2012|publisher=Stanford University|archive-date=January 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117123123/http://facts.stanford.edu/governance.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> from 2012 to 2017. Steyer unsuccessfully ran for the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nomination for [[President of the United States]] in [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020]]. He also unsuccessfully ran for [[Governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 gubernatorial election]]. ==Early life and education== Steyer was born in [[Manhattan]], New York City.<ref name="Men's Journal">{{cite news|last1=Hagan|first1=Joe|title=Tom Steyer: An Inconvenient Billionaire|url=https://www.mensjournal.com/features/tom-steyer-an-inconvenient-billionaire-20140218|work=Men's Journal|date=February 18, 2014|access-date=June 13, 2016}}</ref> His mother, Marnie (née Fahr) was a teacher and his father, Roy Henry Steyer was a law firm partner<ref name="NYTWedding">[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/17/style/kathryn-taylor-weds-tf-steyer.html "Kathryn Taylor Weds T.F. Steyer"] ''The New York Times'', August 17, 1986</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04pmAAAAMAAJ&q=Roy+Henry+Steyer+Fahr |title=World Who's who in Commerce and Industry|page=1327|publisher=Marquis-Who's Who|year=1968}}</ref> and was a prosecutor at the [[Nuremberg Trials]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/26/classified/paid-notice-deaths-steyer-roy-h.html|title=Paid Notice: Deaths STEYER, ROY H.|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 26, 1997|access-date=September 2, 2018}}</ref> Steyer grew up on the [[Upper East Side]] of Manhattan. He graduated from [[Yale University]] ''summa cum laude'' in [[economics]] and [[political science]]. Steyer received his MBA from [[Stanford University|Stanford Graduate School of Business]].<ref name="Stanford Business">{{cite web|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/visit/commencement/remarks-dean-garth-saloner|title=Remarks by Dean Garth Saloner|date=2016|publisher=Stanford Graduate School of Business|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-date=October 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010172917/https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/visit/commencement/remarks-dean-garth-saloner/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Political activity== In 2017, Steyer spent around $10 million for a television ad campaign advocating the [[impeachment]] of President [[Donald Trump]] and plans to spend millions more on a digital ad campaign to call for Trump's impeachment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelauyeung/2017/10/25/this-billionaire-is-spending-more-than-10-million-calling-for-trumps-impeachment-tom-steyer/#33cc49811e82|title=This Billionaire Is Spending More Than $10 Million Calling For Trump's Impeachment|first=Angel|last=Au-Yeung}}</ref> Steyer thought about running for [[Governor of California]] in the [[California gubernatorial election, 2018|2018 gubernatorial election]] as a stance against President Trump.<ref>{{Cite news|date=May 11, 2017|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-tom-steyer-still-coy-about-whether-1494533481-htmlstory.html|title=Tom Steyer still coy about whether he'll run for governor|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/333938-tom-steyer-testing-waters-for-calif-gubernatorial-bid|title=Tom Steyer testing waters for Calif. gubernatorial bid|last=Master|first=Cyra|date=2017-05-17|work=The Hill|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> ===2020 presidential campaign=== [[File:Tom 2020 (1).png|thumb|right|200px|Steyer's 2020 presidential campaign logo]] {{main|2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries}} On July 9, 2019, Steyer announced his candidacy for [[President of the United States]] in the [[2020 United States presidential election|2020 election]]. He stated that he would be running in the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Democratic primaries]] in an online campaign video.<ref name="Garofoli">{{cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/San-Francisco-billionaire-Tom-Steyer-launches-14081053.php|title=San Francisco billionaire Tom Steyer launches presidential campaign |last=Garofoli |first=Joe|date=July 9, 2019|work=San Francisco Chronicle |access-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref> He dropped out of the race after losing the [[South Carolina]] primary on February 29, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/tom-steyer-drops-out-of-the-2020-presidential-race-2020-2|title=Tom Steyer drops out of the 2020 presidential race|last=Panetta|first=Grace|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> Steyer spent $250 million of his own money on his campaign. This was more than any other candidate in history, except [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|Mike Bloomberg's campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fordham|first=Evie|date=2020-03-01|title=Trump mocks Steyer spending after Democratic billionaire drops out|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/trump-tom-steyer-drops-out|access-date=2020-08-13|website=FOXBusiness|language=en-US}}</ref> === 2024 presidential election === In 2023, Steyer held a [[fundraiser]] for President [[Joe Biden|Joe Biden's]] [[Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign|re-election campaign]] for president in his [[San Francisco]] home.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-02 |title=Biden raises money at Tom Steyer home in San Francisco |website=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-raises-money-tom-steyer-home-san-francisco-2023-09-27/?ref=upstract.com |access-date=2024-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002045047/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-raises-money-tom-steyer-home-san-francisco-2023-09-27/?ref=upstract.com |archive-date=October 2, 2023 }}</ref> ===2026 California gubernatorial campaign=== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In November 2025, Steyer announced his candidacy for [[Governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 gubernatorial election]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenhall |first1=Laurel |title=A Politically Restless Billionaire Enters the California Governor’s Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/19/us/tom-steyer-california-governor-2026.html |access-date=19 November 2025 |work=New York Times |date=19 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref> In March 2026, Steyer's campaign wanted the [[Secretary of State of California|California Secretary of State]] to remove U.S. Representative [[Eric Swalwell]] from the ballot. He said that Swalwell is not a California resident and that he is a resident of Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/03/06/steyer-questions-swalwells-eligibility-to-run-for-california-governor-00817928|title=Steyer questions Swalwell’s eligibility to run for California governor|date=March 6, 2026|website=POLITICO|last=Jones|first=Blake}}</ref> The petition was denied.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AOL |date=2026-03-23 |title=Eric Swalwell learns fate of run for California governor — as filmmaker goes ballistic |url=https://www.aol.com/articles/eric-swalwell-learns-fate-run-172610205.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.aol.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Swalwell later ended his campaign after being accused of sexual harassment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-13 |title=Eric Swalwell drops bid for California governor after sexual misconduct allegations |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/eric-swalwell-drops-bid-california-governor-sexual-misconduct-allegati-rcna277009 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> Steyer's campaign quickly became the highest-spending 2026 gubernatorial campaign in California.<ref name="calmatters-spending">{{cite news |last=Kuang |first=Jeanne |title=Billionaire blitz: Steyer's $132 million campaign dwarfs rivals in California governor race |url=https://calmatters.org/politics/2026/04/california-governor-race-financials/ |work=CalMatters |date=April 24, 2026 |access-date=May 9, 2026}}</ref> On June 2, 2026, Steyer finished in third place in California's nonpartisan primary. He did not advance to the November runoff. He lost to Democrat [[Xavier Becerra]] and Republican [[Steve Hilton]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |last1=John |first1=Arit |last2=Iyer |first2=Kaanita |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/steve-hilton-xavier-becerra-california-governor-election/3899105/|title=Steve Hilton advances to CA governor's runoff, set to face Xavier Becerra in November|first=Helen|last=Jeong |date=June 9, 2026|website=NBC Los Angeles}}</ref> ==Personal life== In August 1986, Steyer married Kathryn Ann Taylor. They have four children, Samuel Taylor ("Sam"), Charles Augustus ("Gus"), Evelyn Hoover ("Evi"), and Henry Hume ("Henry"). They live in [[San Francisco]], [[California]].<ref name="reuters.com"/> Steyer has two brothers: Hume Steyer, an attorney in New York City and Jim Steyer, an attorney, author, and Stanford University professor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://csre.stanford.edu/major/steyer.htm|title=Comparative Studies of Race and Ethnicity at Stanford|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080152/http://csre.stanford.edu/major/steyer.htm|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}</ref> Steyer has a [[net worth]] of $1.6 billion.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Thomas Steyer |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/thomas-steyer/ |website=Forbes |access-date=February 13, 2021}}</ref> Steyer wears [[tartan]] neckties every day, because in his words “You gotta dress up for a fight.”<ref name="Eilperin2013">{{cite news |last1=Eilperin |first1=Juliet |title=Health & Science Billionaire has unique role in official Washington: Climate change radical |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/billionaire-has-unique-role-in-official-washington-climate-change-radical/2013/02/17/23cdcf4c-6b26-11e2-95b3-272d604a10a3_story.html |access-date=30 May 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=February 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why Tom Steyer Wears a Tartan Tie |work=[[New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/16/style/tom-steyer-plaid-tie-2020-democratic-debate.html |author=Vanessa Friedman |date=October 16, 2019 |access-date=February 29, 2020}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat}} *[http://www.faralloncapital.com/farallon/ Farallon Capital Management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050319085750/http://www.faralloncapital.com/farallon/ |date=2005-03-19 }} *[http://www.hf.com/ Hellman & Friedman LLC] *[http://www.onecalif.com/ OneCalifornia Bank] *[http://www.leftcoastgrassfed.com/about/tomkat-ranch/ TomKat Ranch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528170921/http://www.leftcoastgrassfed.com/about/tomkat-ranch/ |date=2016-05-28 }} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Steyer, Tom}} [[Category:1957 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American philanthropists]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American human rights activists]] [[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]] [[Category:Politicians from New York City]] [[Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco]] [[Category:Politicians from San Francisco]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:2020 United States presidential candidates]] q7l4ekjg97wyxf5nc7zg9divr1od9n0 0 547511 10882281 10866051 2026-06-09T12:31:02Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox single | name = Thrift Shop | cover = |type=single| artist = [[Macklemore & Ryan Lewis]] featuring [[Wanz]] | album = [[The Heist (album)|The Heist]] | B-side = "Ten Thousand Hours" | released = August 27, 2012 | recorded = 2012 | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop-rap]]|[[Comedy hip hop]]}} | length = 3:55 | label = Macklemore | writer = {{hlist|[[Macklemore|Ben Haggerty]]|[[Ryan Lewis]]}} | producer = [[Ryan Lewis]] | chronology = [[Macklemore & Ryan Lewis]] singles | prev_title = [[Same Love]] | prev_year = 2012 | title = Thrift Shop | year = 2012 | next_title = [[White Walls]] | next_year = 2013 | misc = {{Extra chronology | artist = [[Wanz]] singles | type = single | title = Thrift Shop | year = 2012 | next_title = Family | next_year = 2012 }} }} "'''Thrift shop'''" is a song by [[Macklemore and Ryan Lewis]]. It was released on August 27, 2012. This song is Macklemore's eighth career single and the fourth single from their album ''[[The Heist (album)|The Heist]]''. The song has vocals from Wanz. The song was written to show Macklemore's esteem for thrift shops and saving money. The lyrics go against the displaying of expensive items many rappers do. Music reviewers liked the song for its funny lyrics and social critique. It was released in the United Kingdom in January 2013. == Reception == === Critical reception === The song received extensive critical recognition. It has been called a critique of the advertising common in modern [[Hip hop music|hip hop]].<ref name=commonsensemedia>{{cite web |url=http://www.commonsensemedia.org/music-reviews/thrift-shop-feat-wanz-cd-single | author=Jackson, Kyle |title="Thrift Shop (feat. Wanz)" (CD Single) |publisher=[[Common Sense Media]] |access-date=2013-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Song of the Week: 'Thrift Shop,' Macklemore and Ryan Lewis |first=Tris |last=McCall |author-link=Tris McCall|url=http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2013/01/song_of_the_week_thrift_shop_m.html |newspaper=[[The Star-Ledger]] |date=January 4, 2013 |access-date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> However, ''[[The New York Times]]'' critic Jon Caramanica says, "it's not quite the robust sendup of hip-hop-extravagance clichés that it aspires to be."<ref>{{cite news|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|title=A Hip-Hop Moment, but Is It Authentic? Macklemore's 'Thrift Shop' and Baauer's 'Harlem Shake'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/20/arts/music/macklemores-thrift-shop-and-baauers-harlem-shake.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|date=19 February 2013|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Robert Copsey from [[Digital Spy]] rated the song 5 out of 5 stars, calling it "a rare beast of a song - original, musically daring and genuinely funny."<ref name=spy>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/singlesreviews/a454580/macklemore--ryan-lewis-ft-wanz-thrift-shop-single-review.html|title=Thrift Shop review|publisher=[[Digital Spy]]|last=Copsey|first=Robert|access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref> === Performance === In the United States, the song got onto the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] on September 15, 2012. It dropped out the next week but entered again six weeks later on October 20, 2012. The song then rose the chart until it entered the top ten on January 5, 2013. It replaced Bruno Mars' "Locked Out of Heaven" at number one in its 16th week.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1521657/macklemore-ryan-lewis-crown-hot-100-justin-timberlake-soars-to-top-5|title=Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Crown Hot 100, Justin Timberlake Soars to Top 5|last=Trust|first=Gary|publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2013-02-12}}</ref> It remained at the top for six weeks in total.<ref name="5thweek">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/1554540/macklemore-ryan-lewis-return-to-top-of-hot-100|title=Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Return To Top Of Hot 100|last=Trust|first=Gary|publisher=Billboard|access-date=2013-03-27}}</ref> It has also topped the Rap Songs chart for fifteen weeks. It's the first song in the history of the Digital Songs chart to jump in sales in each of its first five weeks at the top of the chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-feb-10-2003-albums-josh-groban-170132030.html|title=Week Ending Feb. 10, 2013. Albums: Josh Groban-No Hits, No Problem|last=Grein|first=Paul|access-date=2013-02-13}}</ref> "Thrift Shop" sold 6,148,000 copies in 2013. This made it the second best-selling single of 2013 in the US after [[Robin Thicke]]'s "[[Blurred Lines]]".<ref name="sales 2013">{{cite news |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/music-news/chart-watch-top-10-albums-songs-2013-184702481.html |title=The Top 10 Albums and Songs of 2013 | author= Paul Grein |date=January 2, 2014 |work=Chart Watch |publisher=Yahoo }}</ref> As of November 2015, the song has sold 7,740,000 downloads in the United States. This makes it the fifth all-time best-selling digital single in the country.<ref name=us_sales>{{cite web |url=http://hitsdailydouble.com/news&id=295457 |title=The Rise of Uptown Funk: Could It Become the All-Time #1 Seller? |website=[[Hits (magazine)|HITS Daily Double]] |publisher=HITS Digital Ventures |date=April 9, 2015 |access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref> The song was also successful on [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']]'s component charts. It was at the top of the Digital Songs chart for ten weeks. It was also at the top of ''Billboard''<nowiki/>'s [[Hot 100 Airplay|Radio Songs]]<nowiki/>chart for two weeks. It reached number one on the On-Demand Songs chart and stayed there for eleven weeks until March 30, 2013. It set a record on that chart as the first song to reach two million streams in a single week. The song also topped the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart for fourteen weeks straight. It is also only the second independent song to get the number one spot on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart, nearly 20 years after [[Lisa Loeb]]'s "[[Stay (I Missed You)]]" in 1994.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/01/25/macklemores-thrift-shop-is-first-indie-hit-to-top-charts-in-nearly-two-decades/ | title=Macklemore’s ‘Thrift Shop’ Is First Indie Hit to Top Charts in Nearly Two Decades | work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date=January 25, 2013 | access-date=December 2, 2013 | archive-date=May 23, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523062925/http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/01/25/macklemores-thrift-shop-is-first-indie-hit-to-top-charts-in-nearly-two-decades/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> In the United Kingdom, "Thrift Shop" entered at number twenty four on the [[UK Singles Chart]]. However, it was available as a single via [[iTunes]] since August 1, 2012. The next week, the single rose twenty-two positions to number two. Two weeks after entering the chart, the song rose one place to a peak of number one on February 10, 2013. This made Macklemore and Ryan Lewis only the second act to get a number one in Britain with a self-released single.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/thrift-shop-checks-out-at-number-1-1849/ |title=Thrift Shop checks out at Number 1/ |work=[[UK Singles Chart]] |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=2013-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://top40.about.com/od/onthecharts/a/Uk-Pop-Charts-For-Week-Ending-February-16-2013.htm | title=UK Pop Charts for Week Ending February 16, 2013 | author=[[James Masterton|Masterton, James]] | work=About.com | publisher=[[IAC (company)|InterActiveCorp]] | access-date=December 2, 2013 | archive-date=December 3, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203061125/http://top40.about.com/od/onthecharts/a/Uk-Pop-Charts-For-Week-Ending-February-16-2013.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> As of July 2013, "Thrift Shop" has sold 680,000 copies in the UK.<ref name="UK sales March 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-official-top-40-biggest-selling-singles-and-albums-of-2013-so-far2-2328/|title=The Official Top 40 Biggest Selling Singles And Albums Of 2013 So Far!|last=Lane|first=Daniel|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=July 3, 2013|access-date=July 3, 2013}}</ref> == Music video == The music video for the song was co-directed by Jon Jon Augustavo, Macklemore and Ryan Lewis.<ref name="youtube">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QK8mJJJvaes |title=Macklemore & Ryan Lewis - Thrift Shop Feat. Wanz (Official Video)|publisher=YouTube|date=2012-08-29|access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref> It was released on Lewis' YouTube channel on August 29, 2012.<ref name="youtube" /> It was filmed at several thrift shops in [[Seattle]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/03/08/people-listening-to-thrift-shop-not-going-to-actual-thrift-shops/ |title=Macklemore's "Thrift Shop" Video Hasn't Boosted Sales at Goodwill &#124; TIME.com |publisher=Newsfeed.time.com |date=2013-03-08 |access-date=2013-06-20 |archive-date=2013-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923104532/http://newsfeed.time.com/2013/03/08/people-listening-to-thrift-shop-not-going-to-actual-thrift-shops/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Angela Moorer |url=http://www.livehiup.com/2012/08/29/macklemore-debuts-new-video-featuring-the-seattle-thrift-shop-scene/ |title=Macklemore debuts new video featuring the Seattle "thrift shop" scene |publisher=live hi up |date=2012-08-29 |access-date=2013-06-20 |archive-date=2013-09-04 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6JNWqZ1fD?url=http://www.livehiup.com/2012/08/29/macklemore-debuts-new-video-featuring-the-seattle-thrift-shop-scene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/macklemores-thrift-shop-has-had-no-effect-actual-thrift-shop-revenues-1114394 |title=Macklemore's "Thrift Shop" Has Had No Effect On Actual Thrift Shop Revenues|publisher=Ibtimes.com |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=M Dew |url=https://sites.google.com/site/wafilmlocations/filmsblog/macklemore-ryan-lewis---thrift-shop-video |title=Macklemore & Ryan Lewis - "Thrift Shop" Video - Washington State Film Locations |publisher=Sites.google.com |date=2013-02-13 |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Wednesday, September 19, 2012, by Shalini Gujavarty |url=http://seattle.eater.com/archives/2012/09/19/macklemores-thrift-shop-features-arcade-bar-narwhal.php |title=Macklemore's Thrift Shop Features Arcade Bar Narwhal - Video Interlude - Eater Seattle |publisher=Seattle.eater.com |date=2012-09-19 |access-date=2013-06-20 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Macklemore tried to get rapper Sir Mix-a-Lot in the video but he did not return the calls.<ref>{{cite web|author=Paul de Barros |url=http://seattletimes.com/html/artspage/2020053587_thrift_shop_goes_platinum.html?prmid=4939 |title=Macklemore's 'Thrift Shop' goes platinum &#124; ArtsPage |publisher=The Seattle Times |date=2013-01-03 |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Casey Mcnerthne |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/Macklemore-s-Thrift-Shop-most-popular-song-in-4219666.php |title=Macklemore's "Thrift Shop" most popular song in nation |publisher=seattlepi.com |date=2013-01-24 |access-date=2013-06-20}}</ref> Some local Seattle musicians like Thomas Grey of Champagne Champagne are in the music video. The video was nominated at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards for Video of the Year. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2012 songs]] j3b0wb7p5mhf2kwdrougc8gip00pmwm 0 547616 10882725 10851761 2026-06-09T23:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Ussel |native name = Ussèl |commune status = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]] |image flag = |image flag size = |image coat of arms = Blason Ville fr Ussel (Corrèze).svg |image coat of arms size = |city motto = |image = UsselChateaudelaBorde.jpg |caption = Château of La Borde, Ussel |map = |adjustable map = |time zone = |coordinates = {{coord|45.5489|2.31|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |arrondissement = Ussel |canton = Ussel |subdivisions entry = |subdivisions = |intercommunality = Haute-Corrèze Communauté |mayor = Christophe Arfeuillère<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ussel19.fr/vie-municipale/conseil-municipal/ |title=La Mairie - Les élus du Conseil Municipal |publisher=La ville d'Ussel |language=fr |access-date=9 July 2016 |archive-date=29 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429003201/http://www.ussel19.fr/vie-municipale/conseil-municipal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |party = |term = |elevation m = 685 |elevation min m = 588 |elevation max m = 781 |area km2 = 50.37 |population demonym = Ussellois |population = 9772 |population ranking = |population date = 2014 |urban area km2 = |urban area date = |urban pop = |urban pop date = |metro area km2 = |metro area date = |metro area pop = |metro area pop date = |INSEE = 19275 |postal code = 19200 |website = [http://www.ussel19.fr/ www.ussel19.fr] }} '''Ussel''' ({{lang-oc|Ussèl}}) is a [[France|French]] [[Communes of France|commune]], a ''[[Prefectures in France|subprefecture]]'' in the [[Corrèze]] [[Departments of France|department]] in central [[France]]. It is in the [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[Regions of France|region]]. It is also the [[Capital city|capital]] of the ''arrondissement'' of [[Arrondissement of Ussel|Ussel]]. It is the capital of the old, [[History|historical]] region of ''Haute-Corrèze''. ==Geography== Ussel is in the [[Massif Central]] on the foot of the [[plateau de Millevaches]]. The city itself is on top of a hill between the valleys of the [[Diège]] and the [[Sarsonne]] [[river]]s. The ''commune'' of Ussel has an area of {{Convert|50.4|km2|sqmi|abbr=on }},<ref name="insee-geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-19275 |title=Commune d’Ussel (19275) - Comparateur de territoire |work=Publications et statistiques pour la France ou les régions |publisher=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE |language=fr |access-date=26 May 2017 }}</ref> and its average [[altitude]] is {{Convert|685|m|ft|abbr=on}}; at the [[City and town halls|city hall]], the altitude is {{Convert|620|m|ft|abbr=on }}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.map-france.com/Ussel-19200/ |title=City of Ussel |publisher=Map-France.com |access-date=26 May 2017 }}</ref> The city of Ussel is at about {{Convert|294|km|mi|abbr=on }} from [[Bordeaux]], at {{Convert|295|km|mi|abbr=on }} from [[Toulouse]], at {{Convert|483|km|mi|abbr=on }} from [[Paris]] and at {{Convert|266|km|mi|abbr=on }} from [[Lyon]]. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Ussel and its neighboring ''communes'' |- | style="border:1px solid black;" | [[File:Map commune FR insee code 19275.png|350px|Map of the ''commune'' of Ussel]] |} The ''commune'' of Ussel is surrounded by the ''communes'': {{Geographic location|width=auto |Centre = Ussel |North = [[Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf, Corrèze|Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf]] |Northeast = [[Aix, Corrèze|Aix]] |East = [[Saint-Fréjoux]] |Southeast = [[Saint-Exupéry-les-Roches]] |South = [[Mestes]] |Southwest = [[Saint-Angel, Corrèze|Saint-Angel]] |West = [[Chaveroche]] |Northwest = [[Lignareix]]<br />[[Saint-Pardoux-le-Vieux]] }} Three rivers flow through the ''commune''ː the river [[Diège (Dordogne)|Diège]] (the town sometimes is called ''Ussel-sur-Diège''), the river [[Sarsonne]] and the [[stream]] ''Étang Roux''. ===Climate=== The climate of Ussel, in the [[Köppen climate classification]], is '''Cfb''' - Oceanic climate with template summers. ==Population== The inhabitants of this city are known, in [[French language|French]], as ''Usselois'' (women: ''Usseloises'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.habitants.fr/correze-19 |title=Corrèze (19) |publisher=habitants.fr |language=fr |access-date=9 July 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> With a population of 9,772,<ref name=insee>{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2525755/dep19.pdf |title=Régions, départements, arrondissements, cantons et communes |work= Populations légales 2014 |publisher=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques - INSEE |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=26 May 2017}}</ref> Ussel has a [[population density]] of {{Pop density|9772|50.37|km2|prec=0|disp=num}} inhabitants/km². '''Evolution of the population in Ussel''' <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:500 height:373 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:14000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:2000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:1000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1968 text:1968 bar:1975 text:1975 bar:1982 text:1982 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1999 text:1999 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2014 text:2014 PlotData= color:barra width:30 align:left bar:1968 from:0 till: 8218 bar:1975 from:0 till: 10664 bar:1982 from:0 till: 11765 bar:1990 from:0 till: 11448 bar:1999 from:0 till: 10753 bar:2006 from:0 till: 10250 bar:2014 from:0 till: 9772 PlotData= bar:1968 at: 8218 fontsize:S text: 8,218 shift:(-12,5) bar:1975 at: 10664 fontsize:S text: 10,664 shift:(-18,5) bar:1982 at: 11765 fontsize:S text: 11,765 shift:(-18,5) bar:1990 at: 11448 fontsize:S text: 11,448 shift:(-18,5) bar:1999 at: 10753 fontsize:S text: 10,753 shift:(-18,5) bar:2006 at: 10250 fontsize:S text: 10,250 shift:(-18,5) bar:2014 at: 9772 fontsize:S text: 9,772 shift:(-15,5) </timeline> == Administration == Ussel is a [[Prefectures in France|subprefecture]] of the Corrèze department, the capital of the ''arrondissement'' of [[Arrondissement of Ussel|Ussel]] and the [[administrative centre]] ({{lang-fr|chef-lieu}}) of the canton of [[Canton of Ussel|Ussel]]. It is part of the [[Communes of France|intercommunality]] ''Haute-Corrèze'' ({{lang-fr|Haute-Corrèze Communauté}}). === Twinned and partner towns === Ussel is [[Twin town|twinned]] with: * {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Auray]], [[Morbihan]], [[France]] == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Ussel eglise.jpg|Side view of the ''Saint Martin'' [[church]]. File:Ussel place joffre.jpg|Joffre [[Town square|square]]. File:Ussel ventadour.JPG|''Hôtel Ventadour''. File:Ussel maison ventadour.jpg|''Hôtel Ventadour'' by night. </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[Arrondissement of Ussel]] * [[Communes of the Corrèze department]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Ussel (Corrèze)}} * [http://www.ussel19.fr/ Mairie de Ussel website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211131454/http://www.ussel19.fr/ |date=2011-02-11 }} {{in lang|fr}} * [https://www.tourisme-hautecorreze.fr/ Tourist Office of Haute-Corrèze] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ussel, Correze}} [[Category:Subprefectures in France]] [[Category:Communes in Corrèze]] pk9mkueks7etehec4t2cffquedfq4b0 0 548041 10882789 10638860 2026-06-10T00:52:19Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California. ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Xavier Becerra}} *[https://oag.ca.gov/ California Department of Justice] official website of the Attorney General *{{Dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/California/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Xavier_Becerra_%5BD-34%5D}} *{{CongLinks | congbio = b000287 | ballot = Xavier_Becerra | nndb = 360/000032264 | votesmart = 26754 | govtrack = 400021 | opencong = 400021 | rollcall = 57 | politifact = xavier-becerra | fec = H2CA30143 | opensecrets = N00009774 | legistorm = 120/Rep_Xavier_Becerra_CA.html | followthemoney = | ontheissues = CA/Xavier_Becerra.htm | congress = xavier-becerra/70 | worldcat = lccn-n2004-64457 | cspan = 26567 | rose = | imdb = 2225867 | bloomberg = xavier-becerra | nyt = b/xavier_becerra | washpo = gIQAenAR9O }} {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] obbdhxpm5nsokbqcqx8i1ywn33m5k75 10882791 10882789 2026-06-10T00:54:40Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* California Attorney General */ 10882791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Xavier Becerra}} *[https://oag.ca.gov/ California Department of Justice] official website of the Attorney General *{{Dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/California/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Xavier_Becerra_%5BD-34%5D}} *{{CongLinks | congbio = b000287 | ballot = Xavier_Becerra | nndb = 360/000032264 | votesmart = 26754 | govtrack = 400021 | opencong = 400021 | rollcall = 57 | politifact = xavier-becerra | fec = H2CA30143 | opensecrets = N00009774 | legistorm = 120/Rep_Xavier_Becerra_CA.html | followthemoney = | ontheissues = CA/Xavier_Becerra.htm | congress = xavier-becerra/70 | worldcat = lccn-n2004-64457 | cspan = 26567 | rose = | imdb = 2225867 | bloomberg = xavier-becerra | nyt = b/xavier_becerra | washpo = gIQAenAR9O }} {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] qs8myfpcnnw754mktm0bgwqo5hufeo2 10882793 10882791 2026-06-10T00:59:34Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services */ 10882793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category-inline|Xavier Becerra}} *[https://oag.ca.gov/ California Department of Justice] official website of the Attorney General *{{Dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/California/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Xavier_Becerra_%5BD-34%5D}} *{{CongLinks | congbio = b000287 | ballot = Xavier_Becerra | nndb = 360/000032264 | votesmart = 26754 | govtrack = 400021 | opencong = 400021 | rollcall = 57 | politifact = xavier-becerra | fec = H2CA30143 | opensecrets = N00009774 | legistorm = 120/Rep_Xavier_Becerra_CA.html | followthemoney = | ontheissues = CA/Xavier_Becerra.htm | congress = xavier-becerra/70 | worldcat = lccn-n2004-64457 | cspan = 26567 | rose = | imdb = 2225867 | bloomberg = xavier-becerra | nyt = b/xavier_becerra | washpo = gIQAenAR9O }} {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] 2u4624avc5sspeo5gad0octjlep01zg 10882794 10882793 2026-06-10T00:59:58Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Other websites */ 10882794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] bhh17jsd1nlkig7vmu02brv1yxo0jqw 10882795 10882794 2026-06-10T01:00:37Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services */ 10882795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the [[Inter-American Dialogue]] [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] 6vcbrb3dww1t4m3hve3f1z2zyx4g2hn 10882796 10882795 2026-06-10T01:00:50Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Personal life */ 10882796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] sgeo4tjv8ru9jv7vmr6nuexeo6i9xry 10882798 10882796 2026-06-10T01:02:39Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services */ 10882798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] for {{ushr|CA|34}}. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] c6ytm96i9mrlvy9uu29554px1yci6xr 10882799 10882798 2026-06-10T01:03:09Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] lfh0wzib9a17luk5iq02jcoecozxrhw 10882801 10882799 2026-06-10T01:05:25Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* California Attorney General */ 10882801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] ltr4zg0us7ar56mx6qgms2d5ti79nws 10882803 10882801 2026-06-10T01:08:54Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] 4a4t8wfn93b3t1p9cfcq9yz6gi8hbol 10882804 10882803 2026-06-10T01:11:27Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* U.S. House of Representatives */ 10882804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] 7tu11qvybuagzcr8vihz6btd5y1p6bh 10882805 10882804 2026-06-10T01:11:57Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] p5cvwkiywsm97gqtkiwlnub1gk88ima 10882806 10882805 2026-06-10T01:12:30Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 +[[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]]; +[[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] 8ichg89joe5llui7vqzxpqk0crx4yse 10882807 10882806 2026-06-10T01:14:33Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorders]] for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] [[Art Torres]] of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] bovztwv9a4qz5bo9ekoumst8nawe0dv 10882808 10882807 2026-06-10T01:14:52Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | office = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president = [[Joe Biden]] | term_start = March 19, 2021 | term_end = January 20, 2025 | deputy = [[Andrea Palm]] | predecessor = [[Alex Azar]] | successor = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office1 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor1 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br/>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start1 = January 24, 2017 | term_end1 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor1 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor1 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office2 = Member of the <br/>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br/>from [[California]] | constituency2 = {{ushr|CA|30|30th district}} (1993–2003)<br/>{{ushr|CA|31|31st district}} (2003–2013)<br/>{{ushr|CA|34|34th district}} (2013–2017) | term_start2 = January 3, 1993 | term_end2 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor2 = [[Edward Roybal]] (Redistricting) | successor2 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start3 = January 3, 2013 | term_end3 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor3 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2009 | term_end4 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor4 = [[John B. Larson|John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader5 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start5 = January 3, 2007 | term_end5 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor5 = [[John Spratt]] | successor5 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | state_assembly6 = California | district6 = [[California's 59th Assembly district|59th]] | term_start6 = 1990 | term_end6 = 1992 | predecessor6 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor6 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]], [[California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Carolina Reyes | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | website = {{url|oag.ca.gov|Government website}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] [[Art Torres]] of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] arkj4bxdjc2pz63806xlqgk3tlwhu8s 10882809 10882808 2026-06-10T01:15:52Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | office1 = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president1 = [[Joe Biden]] | deputy1 = [[Andrea Palm]] | term_start1 = March 19, 2021 | term_end1 = January 20, 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Alex Azar]] | successor1 = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office2 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor2 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start2 = January 24, 2017 | term_end2 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor2 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office3 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1993 | term_end3 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[Edward Roybal]] (redistricted) | successor3 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | constituency3 = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1993–2003)<br>{{ushr|CA|31|C}} (2003–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|34|C}} (2013–2017) {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | deputy4 = Joe Crowley | term_start4 = January 3, 2013 | term_end4 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor4 = [[John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader5 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start5 = January 3, 2009 | term_end5 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor5 = John Larson | successor5 = Joe Crowley | office6 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#Assistant Party Leaders|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader6 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start6 = January 3, 2007 | term_end6 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor6 = [[John Spratt]] | successor6 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | office7 = Chair of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1997 | term_end7 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor7 = [[Ed Pastor]] | successor7 = [[Lucille Roybal-Allard]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | state_assembly8 = California | district8 = [[California's 59th State Assembly district|59th]] | term_start8 = December 3, 1990 | term_end8 = December 3, 1992 | predecessor8 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor8 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Carolina Reyes|1989}} | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen | pos = center | embed = yes | filename = Xavier Becerra's opening statement before the U.S. Senate on the 2024 HHS budget.ogg | title = Becerra's voice | type = speech | description = Becerra's opening statement on [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]]'s 2024 budget.<br>Recorded March 22, 2023}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] [[Art Torres]] of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] jd5vfiti4p3yjjyc90cdwl9c9idi0vj 10882810 10882809 2026-06-10T01:16:16Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | office1 = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president1 = [[Joe Biden]] | deputy1 = [[Andrea Palm]] | term_start1 = March 19, 2021 | term_end1 = January 20, 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Alex Azar]] | successor1 = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office2 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor2 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start2 = January 24, 2017 | term_end2 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor2 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office3 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1993 | term_end3 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[Edward Roybal]] (redistricted) | successor3 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | constituency3 = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1993–2003)<br>{{ushr|CA|31|C}} (2003–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|34|C}} (2013–2017) {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | deputy4 = Joe Crowley | term_start4 = January 3, 2013 | term_end4 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor4 = [[John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader5 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start5 = January 3, 2009 | term_end5 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor5 = John Larson | successor5 = Joe Crowley | office6 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#Assistant Party Leaders|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader6 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start6 = January 3, 2007 | term_end6 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor6 = [[John Spratt]] | successor6 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | office7 = Chair of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1997 | term_end7 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor7 = [[Ed Pastor]] | successor7 = [[Lucille Roybal-Allard]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | state_assembly8 = California | district8 = 59th | term_start8 = December 3, 1990 | term_end8 = December 3, 1992 | predecessor8 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor8 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Carolina Reyes|1989}} | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen | pos = center | embed = yes | filename = Xavier Becerra's opening statement before the U.S. Senate on the 2024 HHS budget.ogg | title = Becerra's voice | type = speech | description = Becerra's opening statement on [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]]'s 2024 budget.<br>Recorded March 22, 2023}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] [[Art Torres]] of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in [[2018 California Attorney General election|2018]], with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] s4lb9w92uvkfzvuo962ai86wiqx84jg 10882811 10882810 2026-06-10T01:17:34Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* California Attorney General */ 10882811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | office1 = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president1 = [[Joe Biden]] | deputy1 = [[Andrea Palm]] | term_start1 = March 19, 2021 | term_end1 = January 20, 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Alex Azar]] | successor1 = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office2 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor2 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start2 = January 24, 2017 | term_end2 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor2 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office3 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1993 | term_end3 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[Edward Roybal]] (redistricted) | successor3 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | constituency3 = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1993–2003)<br>{{ushr|CA|31|C}} (2003–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|34|C}} (2013–2017) {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | deputy4 = Joe Crowley | term_start4 = January 3, 2013 | term_end4 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor4 = [[John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader5 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start5 = January 3, 2009 | term_end5 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor5 = John Larson | successor5 = Joe Crowley | office6 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#Assistant Party Leaders|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader6 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start6 = January 3, 2007 | term_end6 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor6 = [[John Spratt]] | successor6 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | office7 = Chair of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1997 | term_end7 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor7 = [[Ed Pastor]] | successor7 = [[Lucille Roybal-Allard]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | state_assembly8 = California | district8 = 59th | term_start8 = December 3, 1990 | term_end8 = December 3, 1992 | predecessor8 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor8 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Carolina Reyes|1989}} | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen | pos = center | embed = yes | filename = Xavier Becerra's opening statement before the U.S. Senate on the 2024 HHS budget.ogg | title = Becerra's voice | type = speech | description = Becerra's opening statement on [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]]'s 2024 budget.<br>Recorded March 22, 2023}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] [[Art Torres]] of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in 2018, with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] 96whzs2re7myowq8176rl1fkbxgxgat 10882812 10882811 2026-06-10T01:19:30Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | office1 = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president1 = [[Joe Biden]] | deputy1 = [[Andrea Palm]] | term_start1 = March 19, 2021 | term_end1 = January 20, 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Alex Azar]] | successor1 = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office2 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor2 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start2 = January 24, 2017 | term_end2 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor2 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office3 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1993 | term_end3 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[Edward Roybal]] (redistricted) | successor3 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | constituency3 = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1993–2003)<br>{{ushr|CA|31|C}} (2003–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|34|C}} (2013–2017) {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | deputy4 = Joe Crowley | term_start4 = January 3, 2013 | term_end4 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor4 = [[John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader5 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start5 = January 3, 2009 | term_end5 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor5 = John Larson | successor5 = Joe Crowley | office6 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#Assistant Party Leaders|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader6 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start6 = January 3, 2007 | term_end6 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor6 = [[John Spratt]] | successor6 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | office7 = Chair of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1997 | term_end7 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor7 = [[Ed Pastor]] | successor7 = [[Lucille Roybal-Allard]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | state_assembly8 = California | district8 = 59th | term_start8 = December 3, 1990 | term_end8 = December 3, 1992 | predecessor8 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor8 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Carolina Reyes|1989}} | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen | pos = center | embed = yes | filename = Xavier Becerra's opening statement before the U.S. Senate on the 2024 HHS budget.ogg | title = Becerra's voice | type = speech | description = Becerra's opening statement on [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]]'s 2024 budget.<br>Recorded March 22, 2023}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==Early life== Becerra was born on January 26, 1958, in [[Sacramento, California]].<ref>{{cite news |title=CEO Pay Cut: Real Change or Politics? |publisher=CNN |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0910/22/ec.01.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041130/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0910/22/ec.01.html |archive-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> He is the son of Maria Teresa and Manuel Guerrero Becerra. His father was born in the U.S. and raised in [[Tijuana]], [[Mexico]]. His mother was from [[Guadalajara]], [[Jalisco]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Samantha|title=For Xavier Becerra, California's attorney general, the fight with Trump is personal|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/for-xavier-becerra-californias-attorney-general-the-fight-with-trump-is-personal/|access-date=December 9, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111120501/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/for-xavier-becerra-californias-attorney-general-the-fight-with-trump-is-personal/|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra grew up in a one-room apartment with his three sisters.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 24, 2017|title=Trump supporters shut down town hall with California Attorney General Xavier Becerra|url=https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20170324/trump-supporters-shut-down-town-hall-with-california-attorney-general-xavier-becerra|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=Daily News|language=en-US|archive-date=October 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006172307/https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20170324/trump-supporters-shut-down-town-hall-with-california-attorney-general-xavier-becerra|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra graduated in 1976 from C.K. McClatchy High School.<ref>{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=fVSkbYQp6qgC&q=Xavier+Becerra+C.K.+McClatchy+High+School&pg=PA34| title =Congressional Directory 2011-2012 112th Congress| isbn =9780160886539| year =2012| publisher =Government Printing Office| access-date =October 16, 2020| archive-date =December 7, 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033840/https://books.google.com/books?id=fVSkbYQp6qgC&q=Xavier+Becerra+C.K.+McClatchy+High+School&pg=PA34| url-status =live}}</ref> He studied abroad at the [[University of Salamanca]] in [[Spain]] from 1978 to 1979. He got his Bachelor of Arts in economics from [[Stanford University]] in 1980, becoming the first person in his family to graduate from college.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/pdf/CDIR-2011-12-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=Congressional Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=gpo.gov | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/pdf/CDIR-2011-12-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/politics/04web-becerra.html | title=The New Team – Xavier Becerra | work=[[The New York Times]] | last1=Landler |first1=Mark | date=December 4, 2008 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907170713/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/politics/04web-becerra.html | url-status=live }}</ref> He received his [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Stanford University|Stanford Law School]] in 1984 and became a lawyer in 1985.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/118517 | title=Attorney Search Xavier Becerra - #118517 | publisher=calbar.ca.gov | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/118517 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] [[Art Torres]] of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in 2018, with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] kpcbwggkwlpqi772yc87otezvajxat7 10882814 10882812 2026-06-10T01:20:44Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Early career */ 10882814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | office1 = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president1 = [[Joe Biden]] | deputy1 = [[Andrea Palm]] | term_start1 = March 19, 2021 | term_end1 = January 20, 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Alex Azar]] | successor1 = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office2 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor2 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start2 = January 24, 2017 | term_end2 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor2 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office3 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1993 | term_end3 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[Edward Roybal]] (redistricted) | successor3 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | constituency3 = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1993–2003)<br>{{ushr|CA|31|C}} (2003–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|34|C}} (2013–2017) {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | deputy4 = Joe Crowley | term_start4 = January 3, 2013 | term_end4 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor4 = [[John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader5 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start5 = January 3, 2009 | term_end5 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor5 = John Larson | successor5 = Joe Crowley | office6 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#Assistant Party Leaders|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader6 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start6 = January 3, 2007 | term_end6 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor6 = [[John Spratt]] | successor6 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | office7 = Chair of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1997 | term_end7 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor7 = [[Ed Pastor]] | successor7 = [[Lucille Roybal-Allard]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | state_assembly8 = California | district8 = 59th | term_start8 = December 3, 1990 | term_end8 = December 3, 1992 | predecessor8 = [[Charles Calderon]] | successor8 = [[Dick Mountjoy]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Carolina Reyes|1989}} | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen | pos = center | embed = yes | filename = Xavier Becerra's opening statement before the U.S. Senate on the 2024 HHS budget.ogg | title = Becerra's voice | type = speech | description = Becerra's opening statement on [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]]'s 2024 budget.<br>Recorded March 22, 2023}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==Early life== Becerra was born on January 26, 1958, in [[Sacramento, California]].<ref>{{cite news |title=CEO Pay Cut: Real Change or Politics? |publisher=CNN |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0910/22/ec.01.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041130/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0910/22/ec.01.html |archive-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> He is the son of Maria Teresa and Manuel Guerrero Becerra. His father was born in the U.S. and raised in [[Tijuana]], [[Mexico]]. His mother was from [[Guadalajara]], [[Jalisco]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Samantha|title=For Xavier Becerra, California's attorney general, the fight with Trump is personal|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/for-xavier-becerra-californias-attorney-general-the-fight-with-trump-is-personal/|access-date=December 9, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111120501/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/for-xavier-becerra-californias-attorney-general-the-fight-with-trump-is-personal/|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra grew up in a one-room apartment with his three sisters.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 24, 2017|title=Trump supporters shut down town hall with California Attorney General Xavier Becerra|url=https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20170324/trump-supporters-shut-down-town-hall-with-california-attorney-general-xavier-becerra|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=Daily News|language=en-US|archive-date=October 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006172307/https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20170324/trump-supporters-shut-down-town-hall-with-california-attorney-general-xavier-becerra|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra graduated in 1976 from C.K. McClatchy High School.<ref>{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=fVSkbYQp6qgC&q=Xavier+Becerra+C.K.+McClatchy+High+School&pg=PA34| title =Congressional Directory 2011-2012 112th Congress| isbn =9780160886539| year =2012| publisher =Government Printing Office| access-date =October 16, 2020| archive-date =December 7, 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033840/https://books.google.com/books?id=fVSkbYQp6qgC&q=Xavier+Becerra+C.K.+McClatchy+High+School&pg=PA34| url-status =live}}</ref> He studied abroad at the [[University of Salamanca]] in [[Spain]] from 1978 to 1979. He got his Bachelor of Arts in economics from [[Stanford University]] in 1980, becoming the first person in his family to graduate from college.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/pdf/CDIR-2011-12-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=Congressional Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=gpo.gov | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/pdf/CDIR-2011-12-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/politics/04web-becerra.html | title=The New Team – Xavier Becerra | work=[[The New York Times]] | last1=Landler |first1=Mark | date=December 4, 2008 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907170713/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/politics/04web-becerra.html | url-status=live }}</ref> He received his [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Stanford University|Stanford Law School]] in 1984 and became a lawyer in 1985.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/118517 | title=Attorney Search Xavier Becerra - #118517 | publisher=calbar.ca.gov | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/118517 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] Art Torres of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in 2018, with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] 8rllpcmu47mev10nqjel3pgmqrildr0 10882815 10882814 2026-06-10T01:21:04Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Xavier Becerra | image = HHS Xavier Becerra.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | office1 = 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] | president1 = [[Joe Biden]] | deputy1 = [[Andrea Palm]] | term_start1 = March 19, 2021 | term_end1 = January 20, 2025 | predecessor1 = [[Alex Azar]] | successor1 = [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]] | office2 = 33rd [[Attorney General of California]] | governor2 = [[Jerry Brown]]<br>[[Gavin Newsom]] | term_start2 = January 24, 2017 | term_end2 = March 18, 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Kamala Harris]] | successor2 = [[Rob Bonta]] | office3 = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] | term_start3 = January 3, 1993 | term_end3 = January 24, 2017 | predecessor3 = [[Edward Roybal]] (redistricted) | successor3 = [[Jimmy Gomez]] | constituency3 = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1993–2003)<br>{{ushr|CA|31|C}} (2003–2013)<br>{{ushr|CA|34|C}} (2013–2017) {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office4 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader4 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | deputy4 = Joe Crowley | term_start4 = January 3, 2013 | term_end4 = January 3, 2017 | predecessor4 = [[John Larson]] | successor4 = [[Joe Crowley]] | office5 = [[Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader5 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start5 = January 3, 2009 | term_end5 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor5 = John Larson | successor5 = Joe Crowley | office6 = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#Assistant Party Leaders|House Democratic Assistant to the Leader]] | leader6 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start6 = January 3, 2007 | term_end6 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor6 = [[John Spratt]] | successor6 = [[Chris Van Hollen]] | office7 = Chair of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] | term_start7 = January 3, 1997 | term_end7 = January 3, 1999 | predecessor7 = [[Ed Pastor]] | successor7 = [[Lucille Roybal-Allard]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | state_assembly8 = California | district8 = 59th | term_start8 = December 3, 1990 | term_end8 = December 3, 1992 | predecessor8 = Charles Calderon | successor8 = Dick Mountjoy | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1958|1|26}} | birth_place = [[Sacramento, California]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Carolina Reyes|1989}} | children = 3 | education = [[Stanford University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]], [[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | module = {{Listen | pos = center | embed = yes | filename = Xavier Becerra's opening statement before the U.S. Senate on the 2024 HHS budget.ogg | title = Becerra's voice | type = speech | description = Becerra's opening statement on [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|HHS]]'s 2024 budget.<br>Recorded March 22, 2023}} }} '''Xavier Becerra''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ɑː|v|i|ˈ|ɛər|_|b|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə}} {{respell|hah-vee|AIR|'}}; born January 26, 1958) is an [[Americans|American]] politician and lawyer. Becerra was the 25th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] from 2021 until 2025 during the [[Joe Biden]] administration. He was the [[Attorney General of California]] from 2017 until 2021. He is currently the Democratic nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. Bacerra was a member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. He had represented [[Downtown Los Angeles]] in Congress from 1993 to 2017. Becerra, a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], was [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chairman of the House Democratic Caucus]]. ==Early life== Becerra was born on January 26, 1958, in [[Sacramento, California]].<ref>{{cite news |title=CEO Pay Cut: Real Change or Politics? |publisher=CNN |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0910/22/ec.01.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802041130/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0910/22/ec.01.html |archive-date=August 2, 2018}}</ref> He is the son of Maria Teresa and Manuel Guerrero Becerra. His father was born in the U.S. and raised in [[Tijuana]], [[Mexico]]. His mother was from [[Guadalajara]], [[Jalisco]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schmidt|first=Samantha|title=For Xavier Becerra, California's attorney general, the fight with Trump is personal|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/for-xavier-becerra-californias-attorney-general-the-fight-with-trump-is-personal/|access-date=December 9, 2020|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111120501/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/03/14/for-xavier-becerra-californias-attorney-general-the-fight-with-trump-is-personal/|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra grew up in a one-room apartment with his three sisters.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 24, 2017|title=Trump supporters shut down town hall with California Attorney General Xavier Becerra|url=https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20170324/trump-supporters-shut-down-town-hall-with-california-attorney-general-xavier-becerra|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=Daily News|language=en-US|archive-date=October 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006172307/https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20170324/trump-supporters-shut-down-town-hall-with-california-attorney-general-xavier-becerra|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra graduated in 1976 from C.K. McClatchy High School.<ref>{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=fVSkbYQp6qgC&q=Xavier+Becerra+C.K.+McClatchy+High+School&pg=PA34| title =Congressional Directory 2011-2012 112th Congress| isbn =9780160886539| year =2012| publisher =Government Printing Office| access-date =October 16, 2020| archive-date =December 7, 2020| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033840/https://books.google.com/books?id=fVSkbYQp6qgC&q=Xavier+Becerra+C.K.+McClatchy+High+School&pg=PA34| url-status =live}}</ref> He studied abroad at the [[University of Salamanca]] in [[Spain]] from 1978 to 1979. He got his Bachelor of Arts in economics from [[Stanford University]] in 1980, becoming the first person in his family to graduate from college.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/pdf/CDIR-2011-12-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=Congressional Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=gpo.gov | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/pdf/CDIR-2011-12-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/politics/04web-becerra.html | title=The New Team – Xavier Becerra | work=[[The New York Times]] | last1=Landler |first1=Mark | date=December 4, 2008 | access-date=February 26, 2017 | archive-date=September 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907170713/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/us/politics/04web-becerra.html | url-status=live }}</ref> He received his [[Juris Doctor]] from [[Stanford University|Stanford Law School]] in 1984 and became a lawyer in 1985.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/118517 | title=Attorney Search Xavier Becerra - #118517 | publisher=calbar.ca.gov | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/118517 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Early career == As a lawyer, Becerra worked on cases about people who had [[mental disorder]]s for the Legal Assistance Corporation of Central Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | title=Xavier Becerra Caucus Chairman Representing the 34th District of CA | publisher=dems.gov | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929193719/http://www.dems.gov/members/xavier-becerra | archive-date=September 29, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Becerra returned to California, and in 1986, became an administrative assistant for Democratic [[California State Senate|State Senator]] Art Torres of Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | title=108th Congress Directory California Thirty-First District | publisher=[[Government Publishing Office]] | access-date=February 2, 2013 | archive-date=October 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018231230/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2004-01-01/pdf/CDIR-2004-01-01-CA-H-31.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> He was a deputy attorney general for [[California Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[John Van de Kamp]] from 1987 to 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287# | title =Xavier Becerra (D) House - California, District 34 - Up for re-election in 2012 | newspaper =The Washington Post | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =January 27, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130127132425/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/B000287 | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for the [[California State Assembly]] in 1990.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-08-me-535-story.html | title =The Candidate Who Upset Latino Politics: Xavier Becerra owes his victory to the people, not to the blessings of a papacito. | work =[[Los Angeles Times]] | last1=Acuna |first1=Rodolfo| date =June 8, 1990 | access-date =February 2, 2013 | archive-date =February 4, 2012 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120204055204/http://articles.latimes.com/1990-06-08/local/me-535_1_xavier-becerra | url-status =live }}</ref> He was in the state assembly for one term, representing California's 59th district, from 1990 to 1992.<ref>{{cite web|title=BECERRA, Xavier (1958-)|url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124083046/https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=B000287|archive-date=November 24, 2020|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== In 1992, Becerra won the Democratic primary in [[California's 30th congressional district]] with 32% of the vote.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 CA - District 30 - Democratic Primary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020172525/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=207769 |date=October 20, 2012 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> In the general election, he beat Republican nominee Morry Waksberg, 58%–24%.<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 CA District 30 – General Election] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150938/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27863 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1992) Our Campaigns</ref> He won re-election to a second term in 1994 with 66%<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 CA District 30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152100/http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=28733 |date=September 24, 2015 }} (1994) Our Campaigns</ref> of the vote. His district was renumbered as the [[California's 31st congressional district|31st district]] after the 2000 census. After redistricting, ahead of the 2012 elections, most of Becerra's old district became the [[California's 34th congressional district|34th district]]. He beat Republican Stephen Smith 85.6% to 14.4%.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cook|first=Rhodes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=America Votes 33: 2017–2018, Election Returns by State|date=November 12, 2019|publisher=[[CQ Press]]|isbn=978-1-5443-5446-0|language=en|page=49|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033844/https://books.google.com/books?id=m_C9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> During his time in the House, Becerra also ran for [[mayor of Los Angeles]] in 2001. He finished with 6% of the primary vote.<ref name="Herszenhorn">{{Cite news|last1=Herszenhorn|first1=David M.|date=May 9, 2016|title=As Xavier Becerra Stirs Crowds, Hispanic Democrats See a Running Mate|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125031922/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/10/us/politics/as-xavier-becerra-stirs-crowds-hispanic-democrats-see-a-running-mate.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Leadership roles=== Becerra was a member of the [[Congressional Hispanic Caucus]] of which he was also chair for a short time.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | title =Congressman Xavier Becerra To Deliver Hispanic Heritage Month Keynote | publisher =loc.gov | date =August 29, 2007 | access-date =December 30, 2017 | archive-date =March 5, 2016 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020202/http://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2007/07-167.html | url-status =live }}</ref> Becerra also became assistant to the speaker of the House for the 110th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|date=November 17, 2009|title=Pelosi thrown 'under the bus'|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|access-date=December 7, 2020|work=[[Politico]]|language=en|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124170215/https://www.politico.com/story/2009/11/pelosi-thrown-under-the-bus-029650|url-status=live}}</ref> He also replaced [[John Larson]] as vice chair in the 111th Congress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|title=Dems back off leadership challenges|work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|last=Allen|first=Jared|date=November 10, 2008|access-date=November 10, 2008|archive-date=November 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113102600/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-back-off-leadership-challenges-2008-11-10.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Becerra successfully ran for a second term as vice chair in 2011 to serve during the 112th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 7, 2020|title=Larson Applauds Nomination of Xavier Becerra to Serve as Secretary of Health and Human Services|url=https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|access-date=December 8, 2020|website=Congressman John Larson|language=en|archive-date=December 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214214618/https://larson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/larson-applauds-nomination-xavier-becerra-serve-secretary-health-and|url-status=live}}</ref> He also was chair of the House Democratic Caucus from 2013 to 2017. ==Obama administration== In 2008, then-President-elect [[Barack Obama]] thought of Becerra for the role of [[U.S. trade representative]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Landler|first1=Mark|date=December 5, 2008|title=In Trade Post Contender, Political Benefits for Obama|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|access-date=December 7, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162738/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/05/us/politics/05becerra.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While it was reported that he had already accepted,<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|title=Rep. Becerra Offered Trade Representative Post|date=December 2, 2008|work=[[CQ Politics]]|url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173246/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002992696|archive-date=December 7, 2008}}</ref> he announced on December 15 that he would not accept the role.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Becerra rebuffed Obama|first1=Patrick|last1=O'Connor|first2=Ryan|last2=Grim|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|accessdate=December 17, 2008|website=Politico|date=December 17, 2008|archive-date=June 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612190734/https://www.politico.com/story/2008/12/why-becerra-rebuffed-obama-016676|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was on the shortlist to be former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[running mate]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|title=Hillary Clinton is choosing her vice president soon. Here are her top choices.|first=Dylan|last=Matthews|date=June 16, 2016|website=Vox|access-date=February 16, 2021|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723051258/http://www.vox.com/2016/6/16/11954878/hillary-clinton-vice-president-veepstakes|url-status=live}}</ref> ==California Attorney General== Bacerra was chosen to become [[Attorney General of California]] after [[Kamala Harris]] was elected to the [[United States Senate]]. He is the first Latino to serve as Attorney General of California.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|title=Essential Politics: Gov. Brown delivers State of the State address, Xavier Becerra is sworn in as California's new attorney general|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=January 25, 2017|archive-date=May 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-xavier-becerra-takes-oath-of-office-is-1485281551-htmlstory.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Becerra was elected to a full four-year term in 2018, with 61% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Cheryl|date=November 7, 2018|title=Xavier Becerra Wins Four-Year Term as Attorney General|url=https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414062620/https://www.law.com/therecorder/2018/11/07/xavier-becerra-wins-four-year-term-as-attorney-general/|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=December 7, 2020|website=The Recorder|language=en}}</ref> He gave the Democratic Spanish-language response to President Trump's 2019 [[State of the Union]] address.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Campbell|first=Alexia Fernández|date=February 5, 2019|title=California's attorney general gave a scathing Spanish-language rebuttal to Trump's speech|language=en|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|access-date=December 7, 2020|archive-date=November 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235801/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/5/18213248/state-of-the-union-2019-spanish-rebuttal-becerra|url-status=live}}</ref> During his term as attorney general, Becerra filed 122 [[lawsuit]]s against the first Trump administration.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | title=Trump's Final Day in Office Marked by Nine Lawsuits from California AG | publisher=[[CBS News]] | date=January 19, 2021 | access-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-date=December 23, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223040343/https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/trumps-final-day-in-office-marked-by-nine-lawsuits-from-california-ag/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Affordable Care Act Survives Latest Supreme Court Challenge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |access-date=December 23, 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=January 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117103207/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/17/us/obamacare-supreme-court.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services== On December 6, 2020 then President-elect [[Joe Biden]] nominated Becerra to be the [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Biden Picks Xavier Becerra to Lead Health and Human Services|work=[[The New York Times]]|last1=Stolberg|first1=Sheryl Gay|author-link1=Sheryl Gay Stolberg|last2=Shear|first2=Michael D.|access-date=December 6, 2020|date=December 6, 2020|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206225006/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/06/us/politics/xavier-becerra-hhs-health-secretary.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Conservatism|Conservatives]] were against the nomination because of Bacerra's pro-[[abortion]] views.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Valerie |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Top pro-life leaders urge Senate to reject Xavier Becerra over 'anti-life, anti-religion' bias |url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |work=[[The Washington Times]] |access-date=January 5, 2021 |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104201358/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/dec/21/xavier-becerra-pick-top-pro-life-leaders-urge-sena/ |url-status=live }}</ref> His nomination was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on March 18, 2021 with a narrow 50-49 vote.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Senate Confirms Xavier Becerra To Head Health And Human Services|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/978691179/senate-confirms-xavier-becerra-to-head-health-and-human-services|access-date=2021-03-18|website=NPR.org|language=en}}</ref> On March 22, 2021, Becerra was sworn in to be the new secretary.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|title = Xavier Becerra Sworn in as Secretary of Health and Human Services| work=Executive Gov |date = March 22, 2021|access-date = March 24, 2021|archive-date = March 22, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210322232454/https://www.executivegov.com/2021/03/xavier-becerra-sworn-in-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/|url-status = live}}</ref> Soon after officially becoming the secretary of health and human services, Becerra released a statement supporting the [[Affordable Care Act]] and having people enroll in its health care program.<ref>{{cite news |last=Becerra |first=Xavier |date=March 22, 2021 |title=Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra on the Anniversary of the Affordable Care Act |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809084303/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/03/22/statement-hhs-secretary-xavier-becerra-anniversary-affordable-care-act.html |archive-date=August 9, 2022 |accessdate=March 24, 2021 |publisher=hhs.gov}}</ref> Becerra has been thanked for his work to support and keep [[reproductive rights]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stolberg |first1=Sheryl Gay |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Biden's Health Secretary: 'No Magic Bullet' for Preserving Abortion Access |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122062729/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/28/us/politics/biden-abortion-roe.html |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> across the country.<ref>{{cite web |last=Weintraub |first=Allie |date=June 23, 2023 |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra calls post-Roe US 'a tale of two cities' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104063705/https://abcnews.go.com/US/year-post-roe-wade-overturn-disparity-US-Xavier-Becerratale/story?id=100339191 |archive-date=November 4, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> He also helped expand [[Medicaid]] and [[Children's Health Insurance Program|CHIP]] [[postpartum period|postpartum]] coverage for more than half the states in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Biden-Harris Administration Announces More than Half of All States Have Expanded Access to 12 Months of Medicaid and CHIP Postpartum Coverage |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117000652/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2022/10/27/biden-harris-administration-announces-more-half-all-states-have-expanded-access-to-12-months-of-medicaid-and-chip-postpartum-coverage.html |archive-date=November 17, 2024 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=hhs.gov}}</ref> As secretary, Becerra said he wanted to cut health care costs, supporting women's health, and closing gaps in who has access to health care.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gill |first=Julian |date=May 5, 2025 |title=HHS Secretary Becerra touts rise in ACA coverage among Black, Latino populations in Houston visit |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026223826/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/health/article/HHS-Secretary-Becerra-touts-health-insurance-17536934.php |archivedate=October 26, 2022 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=The Houston Chronicle|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra touts prescription savings in Pittsburgh visit |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2024/07/12/hhs-secretary-becerra-prescription-drugs-pittsburgh-seniors/stories/202407120101 |access-date=May 5, 2025 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en}}</ref> Becerra also led one of the biggest reform efforts of sub-agencies in HHS's history, including at the [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | title=FDA Provides Update on Proposal for Unified Human Foods Program, including New Model for the Office of Regulatory Affairs | website=[[Food and Drug Administration]] | date=July 5, 2023 | access-date=January 22, 2024 | archive-date=December 22, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222142029/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-provides-update-proposal-unified-human-foods-program-including-new-model-office-regulatory | url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leo |first=Leroy |date=April 4, 2022 |editor-last=Samuel |editor-first=Maju |title=CDC announces revamp plans, hires outside official for review |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/cdc-announces-revamp-plans-washington-post-2022-04-04/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Becerra was criticized as health and human services secretary for not being very public during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States|COVID-19 pandemic]], for confusing messaging by federal public health authorities and for the loss of public trust.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Dan |last2=Abutaleb |first2=Yasmeen |last3=Pager |first3=Tyler |date=January 31, 2022 |title=White House frustrations grow over health chief Becerra's handling of pandemic |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328051738/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/31/becerra-hhs-pandemic-response-leadership/ |archive-date=March 28, 2024 |accessdate=February 16, 2022 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> Becerra was also criticized for his agency's response to the [[2022 monkeypox outbreak]]. Some officials in the [[White House]] said that Becerra wanted to blame the states rather than take responsibility for the poor response.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cancryn |first=Adam |date=August 12, 2022 |title=Becerra in the hot seat, again, over monkeypox response |url=https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408160935/https://www.politico.com/amp/news/2022/08/12/becerra-monkeypox-covid-response-00051422 |archive-date=April 8, 2025 |access-date=May 4, 2025 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> ==2026 California gubernatorial campaign== {{main|2026 California gubernatorial election}} In February 2024, [[Politico]] reported that Becerra was thinking about running for [[governor of California]] during the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]].<ref name="Cadelago">{{cite web |last1=Cadelago |first1=Christopher |last2=Lippman |first2=Daniel |title=Xavier Becerra plots political future after Biden administration |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |website=Politico |date=April 23, 2024 |publisher=Politico LLC |access-date=October 27, 2024 |archive-date=April 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423103828/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/04/23/xavier-becerra-biden-administration-future-00153737 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Maanvi |title=Xavier Becerra reportedly mulls cabinet exit to run for California governor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/10/xavier-becerra-california-governor |website=The Guardian |date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=October 27, 2024}}</ref> On April 2, 2025, Becerra declared his candidacy for the election. Three days after the primary election, on June 5, 2026, Becerra advanced to the November run-off election.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-05 |title=Democrat Xavier Becerra advances to general election in race for California governor |url=https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607084849/https://apnews.com/article/california-governor-election-primary-2026-98b2b4dcca6813c3ffeb9754bd09805d |archive-date=2026-06-07 |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=AP News |language=en}}</ref> He will face Republican [[Steve Hilton]] in the general election.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iyer |first1=Kaanita |last2=John |first2=Arit |title=Republican Steve Hilton will advance to November election in California governor’s race, CNN projects |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/09/politics/steve-hilton-republican-california-governor-advances |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=CNN |date=9 June 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Becerra is married to physician Carolina Reyes. They have three daughters.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Matea|last=Gold|title=Congressman Tests His Winning Streak|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 12, 2001|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|access-date=December 5, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207033808/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-12-mn-36618-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue [[think tank]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=Team|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202110127/https://www.thedialogue.org/experts/?iad_experttype=75|archive-date=February 2, 2020|access-date=April 11, 2017|website=TheDialogue}}</ref> Becerra is a [[Roman Catholic]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | title=Opinion &#124; Why Xavier Becerra's critics could never win by attacking his Catholicism | publisher=[[NBC News]] | date=February 24, 2021 | access-date=May 20, 2022 | archive-date=February 24, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224010645/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/here-s-why-xavier-becerra-s-confirmation-critics-gained-no-ncna1258625 | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links|auto=y}} * [https://xavierbecerra.com/ Campaign website] {{CongLinks | congbio=b000287 | votesmart=26754 | fec=H2CA30143 | congress=xavier-becerra/70 }} * {{C-SPAN}} * [http://www.joincalifornia.com/candidate/5941 Join California Xavier Becerra] {{US-bio-stub}} {{Biden cabinet}} {{USSecHHS}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Becerra, Xavier}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Sacramento, California]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Members of the California Legislature]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:20th-century American politicians]] [[Category:California attorneys general]] [[Category:Lawyers from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] 0z7o2hphetnioy373s3g5epwqx8b5vb 0 560815 10882918 10871519 2026-06-10T04:11:33Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Kevin_owens_and_sami_zayn_as_undisputed_champions.jpg|Kevin_owens_and_sami_zayn_as_undisputed_champions.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 2 June 2026. 10882918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Distinguish|World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|NXT Tag Team Championship}}{{Infobox pro wrestling championship|name=World Tag Team Championship|image=Finn Bálor, June 2024 (cropped).jpg|alt=|caption=Four-time champion [[Finn Bálor]] with the current belt design (2024–present)|currentholder=[[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]]<br>{{small|([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]] and [[Logan Paul]])}}|won = March 30, 2026|created=October 3, 2002|promotion=[[WWE]]|brand=[[WWE Raw|Raw]]|firstchamp=[[Kurt Angle]] and [[Chris Benoit]]|mostreigns=As a tag team (5 reigns): *[[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]]){{efn|For their first two reigns, [[Big E Langston|Big E]] is also listed as champion under the [[Freebird rule]].}}}} As Individual (7 reigns): *[[Kofi Kingston]]|longestreign=[[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}}{{efn|During their first two reigns, The New Day defended the championship under the Freebird rule.}}<br>(2nd reign, 483 days)|shortestreign=[[John Cena]] and [[The Miz]]<br>(9 minutes)|oldest=[[R-Truth]]<br>({{age in years and days|1972|01|19|2024|04|06}})|youngest=Nicholas<br>(10 years)|heaviest=[[Big Show]] and [[Kane (wrestler)|Kane]]<br>(808 lbs combined)|lightest=[[Paul London]] and [[Brian Kendrick]]<br>(365 lbs combined)|pastnames=* WWE Tag Team Championship<br>(2002–2016) * Unified WWE Tag Team Championship<br>(2009–2010){{efn|Together with the old [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]].}} * WWE Raw Tag Team Championship<br>(2016–2024) * Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship<br>(2022–2024){{efn|Together with the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]].}} * '''World Tag Team Championship'''<br/>(2024–present)}} The '''World Tag Team Championship''', formerly known as the '''WWE Tag Team Championship''' and the '''WWE Raw Tag Team Championship''', is a [[professional wrestling]] tag team championship in [[WWE]]. It is competed for on the ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' brand. From April 5, 2009 to August 16, 2010 it was defended as one with the old [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|World Tag Team Championship]] until the other title was retired. From May 20, 2022 to April 6, 2024 it was defended as one with the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]] as the '''Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship'''. ==History== [[File:Los colones.jpg|thumb|left|The Colóns ([[Eddie Colón|Primo]] and [[Carly Colón|Carlito]]) as the Unified WWE Tag Team Champions, with the 2002–2010 design of the WWE Tag Team Championship in blue]] After the [[WWE Brand Extension|Brand Extension]] in World Wrestling Entertainment, the [[WWE Championship|WWE Undisputed Championship]] and [[WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010)|WWE Women's Championship]] became the only titles allowed to be fought for on both the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]] brands, while the remaining titles were made where they could only be fought for on their own brands. Originally a part of the SmackDown brand after the company's first brand extension in the spring of 2002, the Tag Team Championship was moved to the Raw brand that following summer. The [[World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|Tag Team Championship]] became apart of the Raw brand only, leaving the SmackDown! brand without a tag team title. As a result, SmackDown General Manager [[Stephanie McMahon]], introduced the new "WWE Tag Team Championship" and made it the tag team title for the SmackDown! brand. She stated that the first champions would be the winners of an eight-team tournament. On October 20, 2002, the team of [[Kurt Angle]] and [[Chris Benoit]] beat [[Rey Mysterio]] and [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] at [[No Mercy (2002)|No Mercy]] in the tournament final to become the first ever WWE Tag Team Champions. On October 17, 2007, SmackDown! and [[ECW (WWE)|ECW]] announced a talent sharing agreement that made it where talent from either brand's roster can compete on both brands. As a result, the title was fought for on both brands. In late 2008 through early 2009, WWE Tag Team Champions [[The Colóns]] ([[Carly Colón|Carlito]] and [[Primo Colón|Primo]]) started a [[List of professional wrestling terms#R|rivalry]] with the World Tag Team Champions [[John Morrison]] and [[The Miz]], which resulted in the announcement on the March 17 edition of ''ECW'' that at [[WrestleMania XXV]] both teams would fight for their titles against each other and the winning team would hold both titles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/ecw/archive/03172009/|title=Extremely lucky night|last= Medalis|first=Kara|date=2009-03-17|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|access-date=2009-11-26}}</ref> The result was the '''Unified WWE Tag Team Championship''', a combination of the two titles though both were kept active by themselves (and thus keeping their own title histories), they were defended as one by one tag team. The champions could appear on and defend the titles on any WWE brand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/04272009/|title=Judgment is coming|first=Aubrey|last= Sitterson|date=2009-04-27|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|access-date=2009-12-14}}</ref> Though eventually, on August 16, 2010, the World Tag Team Championship was [[List of professional wrestling terms#R|retired]] in favor of continuing the history of the WWE Tag Team Championship following the introduction of new championship belts to then-champions [[Davey Boy Smith Jr.|David Hart Smith]] and [[Tyson Kidd]] of [[The Hart Dynasty]]. The champions continued to compete on any brand until the end of the brand extension in August, 2011. <ref name="Unified">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/worldtagteam/20090405WorldTagChamps1|title=History of the World Tag Team Championship: Carlito & Primo|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|access-date=2009-04-06|archive-date=2012-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215054626/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/worldtagteam/20090405WorldTagChamps1|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Nemer|first=Paul|title=Raw Results – 8/29/11|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/wwe-wrestling-results/wwe-raw-results/26309-raw-results-8-29-11/|work=Wrestleview|date=August 30, 2011|access-date=November 5, 2016}}</ref> However, WWE decided to bring back the brand split in July 2016. During the draft for this, the champions at the time, [[The New Day]], were chosen to wrestle on Raw. This meant that SmackDown didn't have a tag team title. So, SmackDown's general manager [[Bryan Danielson|Daniel Bryan]] and commissioner [[Shane McMahon]] created the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team championship]]. After this, the WWE Tag Team Championship was renamed the '''Raw Tag Team Championship'''. [[file:WWE Tag Team Champions The New Day.jpg|thumb|Longest-reigning champions [[The New Day]] (from left to right: [[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Xavier Woods]] and [[Kofi Kingston]]) with Big E and Woods holding the 2010–2016 design of the belt]] At [[WrestleMania 34]] on April 8, 2018, the champions at the time, [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] and [[Sheamus]], were going to fight [[Braun Strowman]] and a partner for him to choose. At the show, Strowman said that his partner would be a fan from the audience. Then, he went out into the crowd and picked a 10-year-old named Nicholas and they beat Cesaro and Sheamus for the titles. This made Nicholas the youngest person to ever win a championship in WWE. The two gave up the titles the next night on ''Raw.''<ref name="Nicholas">{{cite news|last1=Fiorvanti|first1=Tim|title=WrestleMania 34 recaps and results: Ronda shines in debut, Taker returns, Charlotte stops Asuka, new champs galore|url=http://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/23081234/wrestlemania-34-recaps-results-ratings|access-date=9 April 2018|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> On the May 20, 2022, episode of ''SmackDown'', reigning [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship|SmackDown Tag Team Champions]] [[The Usos]] (Jimmy and Jey Uso) defeated Raw Tag Team Champions RK-Bro ([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|Winners Take All match]] to win both championships and become recognized as the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions. WWE called the match as a championship unification match; however, both titles remained independently active. The Usos defended both titles together across both brands as the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship, but on a couple of occasions in early 2023, they also defended the titles separately. In the main event of WrestleMania 39 Night 1, The Usos defended the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship against the team of [[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]]. This subsequently made both the Raw and SmackDown titles the first tag team championships to be defended in the main event of WWE's biggest event, [[WrestleMania]]. At the event, Owens and Zayn defeated The Usos to become champions. The titles would again be defended in the main event of a pay-per-view and livestreaming event at Night of Champions the following month on May 27 when Owens and Zayn defeated The Bloodline ([[Roman Reigns]] and [[Solo Sikoa]]). At [[WrestleMania XL]] Night 1 on April 6, 2024, the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship was defended in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Six-Pack Tag Team Ladder match]] in which both sets of titles had to be retrieved to win. The titles were split as [[Austin Theory]] and [[Grayson Waller]] retrieved the SmackDown titles while [[The Awesome Truth]] ([[The Miz]] and [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]]) retrieved the Raw titles.<ref name="WM40N12">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|date=April 6, 2024|title=WrestleMania XL results: Powell’s live review of night one with The Rock and Roman Reigns vs. Seth Rollins and Cody Rhodes, Rhea Ripley vs. Becky Lynch for the Women’s World Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/06/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-the-rock-and-roman-reigns-vs-seth-rollins-and-cody-rhodes-rhea-ripley-vs-becky-lynch-for-the-womens-world-championship/|access-date=April 6, 2024|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Nine days later on ''Raw'', the championship was renamed to '''World Tag Team Championship''' and was also redesigned.<ref name="WorldTag2024">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 15, 2024|title=New WWE World Tag Team Championships Presented To R-Truth And Miz On 4/15 WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-and-miz-presented-new-wwe-world-tag-team-championships-415-wwe-raw|access-date=April 15, 2024|work=Fightful}}</ref> == Title history == {{main|List of WWE Tag Team Championship reigns by length}} Right now the champions are [[The Vision (professional wrestling)|The Vision]] ([[Bron Breakker]], [[Austin Theory]], and [[Logan Paul]]), who are in their first reign, both as a team and individually. Paul and Theory originally defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Street Fight]] on the March 30, 2026 episode of ''Raw'' in [[New York City|New York, New York]].<ref name="VisionWorldTag">{{Cite web|last=Russell|first=Skylar|title=IShowSpeed Inadvertently Helps The Vision Win WWE World Tag Titles On WWE Raw|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|website=Fightful|date=March 30, 2026|access-date=March 30, 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260331011337/https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-raw-ishowspeed-the-vision-the-usos-296535/|archive-date=March 31, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref> After Paul got injured on May 23,<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=Logan Paul Out ‘For Months’ With Torn Tricep|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/logan-paul-out-for-months-with-torn-tricep/|website=Fightful|date=May 25, 2026|access-date=May 25, 2026}}</ref> The Vision's manager [[Paul Heyman]] revealed that any member of The Vision could defend the title under the [[Freebird rule]], therefore Breakker continues to defend the championship alongside Theory.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|title=The Vision To Freebird WWE World Tag Team Titles With Logan Paul Injured|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/the-vision-to-freebird-wwe-world-tag-team-titles-with-logan-paul-injured/|website=Fightful|date=May 25, 2026|access-date=May 25, 2026}}</ref> == Footnotes == {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwetag World Tag Team Championship official title history] {{WWE Championships}} [[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships]] [[Category:2002 establishments]] fiaairpw9hem4nzov4ncaux5udynqds 0 568630 10882950 9978021 2026-06-10T05:48:44Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|Hauterivian|Barremian}} | image = | image_caption = Restoration as a [[Megalosauridae|megalosaurid]] | taxon = Wakinosaurus satoi | parent_authority = Okazaki, [[1992 in paleontology|1992]] | authority = Okazaki, 1992 }} '''''Wakinosaurus''''' (meaning "Wakino lizard") is a [[nomen dubium|dubious]] [[genus]] of [[theropod]] [[dinosaur]].<ref name=prewild>{{cite web |url=http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/w/wakinosaurus.html |title=Wakinosaurus |publisher=Prehistoric Wildlife |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228085825/http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/w/wakinosaurus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is named from the find of ''a single tooth''. The genus is dubious (doubtful) because it is almost impossible to assign further fossil material to it. The find was made in [[Lower Cretaceous]] deposits in [[Fukuoka]], [[Japan]] in 1990 by [[Masahiro Sato]].<ref name=newgenus>{{cite web |url=http://hazy.cs.wisc.edu/hazy/share/zifeipdf/10742/input_k2opt.pdf |title=A new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kwanmon Group, Northern Kyushu |author=Yoshihiko Okazaki, 1992 |publisher=Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History |access-date=January 21, 2017 |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204215529/https://hazy.cs.wisc.edu/hazy/share/zifeipdf/10742/input_k2opt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[triangle|triangular-shaped]] tooth has fine [[serration]]s on its cutting edge, which is standard for a theropod dinosaur.<ref name=newgenus/> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Dinosaurs of Asia]] {{biology-stub}} gny005yk4v0czztzgq8rb2bs1vcecye 0 573997 10882919 10871726 2026-06-10T04:11:37Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Kevin_owens_and_sami_zayn_as_undisputed_champions.jpg|Kevin_owens_and_sami_zayn_as_undisputed_champions.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 2 June 2026. 10882919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|World Tag Team Championship (WWE)|NXT Tag Team Championship}} {{Infobox pro wrestling championship|name=WWE Tag Team Championship|image=|caption=[[Kevin Owens]] (left) and [[Sami Zayn]] (right) with the 2016–2024 designs of both the SmackDown (blue) and the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw Tag Team Championship]] belts (red).|currentholder=[[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]]|won=March 20, 2026|created=August 23, 2016|promotion=[[WWE]]|brand=[[SmackDown]]|firstchamp=[[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]]|mostreigns=As tag team (7 reigns): *[[The New Day]]{{efn|For their first six reigns, [[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]] are all listed as champion under the [[Freebird rule]], but for their seventh reign, only Kingston and Woods are listed as champion as Big E was split from the team as a result of the [[2020 WWE Draft]].}} As individual (7 reigns): *[[Kofi Kingston]] *[[Xavier Woods]]|longestreign=[[The Usos]]<br/>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}}<br/>(5th reign, 622 days)|shortestreign=[[The New Day]]<br/>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]])}}<br/>(7th reign, 3 days)|oldest=[[Shane McMahon]]<br/>({{age in years and days|1970|01|15|2019|01|27}})|youngest=[[Dominik Mysterio]]<br/>({{age in years and days|1997|04|05|2021|05|16}})|heaviest=[[The Wyatt Family]]<br/>{{small|([[Bray Wyatt]], [[Luke Harper]], and [[Randy Orton]])}}<br/>({{convert|810|lb|kg|abbr=on}} combined)|lightest=[[The Mysterios]]<br/>{{small|([[Rey Mysterio|Rey]] and [[Dominik Mysterio]])}}<br/>({{convert|375|lb|kg|abbr=on}} combined)|pastnames=* WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship<br>(2016–2024) * [[Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship]]<br/>(2022–2024){{efn|Together with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]].}} * '''WWE Tag Team Championship'''<br>(2024–present)}} The '''WWE Tag Team Championship''', formerly known as the '''WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship''', is a [[professional wrestling]] tag team championship in [[WWE]]. It is wrestled for on the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brand]] since the return of the [[WWE Brand Extension|brand extension]] in 2016. From May 20, 2022 to April 6, 2024 it was defended as one with the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]] as the '''Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship'''. The first champions were [[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]].<ref name="Backlash2016" /> Right now the champions are [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]], who are in their first reign as a team, while individually, it is R-Truth's first reign and Priest's third. They won the title by defeating [[The MFTs]] ([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]]) on the March 20, 2026, episode of ''SmackDown'' in [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]. Mateo defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]].<ref name="Priest&Truth"/> == History == === Tournament to crown the first champions (2016) === With the return of the [[WWE Brand Extension]] in the middle of 2016,<ref>{{cite magazine|title=WWE's 'Smackdown' Will Move To Live Broadcast On USA (Exclusive)|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/wwe-smackdown-live-usa-1201782569/|last=Steinberg|first=Brian|date=May 25, 2016|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=May 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=WWE's destiny to be determined during SmackDown's Live premiere|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/live-draft-smackdown-premiere?sf29076738|publisher=WWE|date=20 June 2016|access-date=20 June 2016}}</ref> a [[WWE Draft|draft]] took place in July 19. The [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Champions]] [[The New Day]] ([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]]) was drafted to [[WWE Raw|''Raw'']]. As a result, [[WWE SmackDown|''SmackDown Live'']] was left without a tag team title.<ref name="Draft">{{cite web|title=2016 WWE Draft results: WWE officially ushers in New Era|url=http://www.wwe.com/2016-wwe-draft-results|publisher=WWE|access-date=July 19, 2016}}</ref> On the August 23, 2016 episode of ''SmackDown Live'', [[Shane McMahon]] introduced the SmackDown Tag Team Championship.<ref name="Smackdown08232016">{{cite web|last1=Parks|first1=Greg|title=8/23 WWE Smackdown LIVE – Parks’s Complete, Real-Time Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/08/23/823-wwe-smackdown-live-parkss-complete-real-time-report/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=August 23, 2016}}</ref> A tournament was created for determined the first champions.<ref name="Smackdown08232016" /> The final match took place at [[Backlash (2016)|Backlash]] on September 11, 2016, and [[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]] beat [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) to win the title.<ref name="Backlash2016" /> ==== Tournament bracket ==== {{8TeamBracket |RD1='''Quarterfinals'''<br>{{small|''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' (8/23, 8/30)}}<ref name="Smackdown08232016"/><ref name="Smackdown08302016">{{cite web|last1=Caldwell|first1=James|title=8/30 WWE Smackdown Live Results – CALDWELL’S Complete Live TV Report & Talking Smack-cap|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/08/30/830-wwe-smackdown-live-results-caldwells-ongoing-live-tv-report/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=August 30, 2016}}</ref> |RD2='''Semifinals'''<br><small>''SmackDown'' (9/6)</small><ref name="Smackdown09062016">{{cite web|last1=Caldwell|first1=James|title=9/6 WWE Smackdown LIVE – Parks’s Ongoing, Real-Time Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/09/06/96-wwe-smackdown-live-parkss-ongoing-real-time-report/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 6, 2016}}</ref> |RD3='''Final'''<br>{{small|[[Backlash (2016)|Backlash]] (9/11)}} |team-width= |score-width= |RD1-team1='''[[American Alpha]]<br>{{small|([[Chad Gable]] and [[Jason Jordan]])}}''' |RD1-score1=Pin |RD1-team2=[[Breezango]]<br>{{small|([[Fandango (wrestler)|Fandango]] and [[Tyler Breeze]])}} |RD1-score2=10:13 |RD1-team3='''[[The Usos]]<br>{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}}''' |RD1-score3=Pin |RD1-team4=[[The Ascension (professional wrestling)|The Ascension]]<br>{{small|([[Conor O'Brian|Konnor]] and [[Rick Victor|Viktor]])}} |RD1-score4=3:49 |RD1-team5='''[[The Hype Bros]]<br>{{small|([[Mojo Rawley]] and [[Zack Ryder]])}}''' |RD1-score5=Pin |RD1-team6=[[The Vaudevillains]]<br>{{small|([[Aiden English]] and [[Simon Gotch]])}} |RD1-score6=2:50 |RD1-team7=[[The Headbangers]]<br>{{small|([[Charles Warrington|Mosh]] and [[Glenn Ruth|Thrasher]])}} |RD1-score7=2:54 |RD1-team8='''[[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]]''' |RD1-score8=Pin |RD2-team1='''American Alpha'''{{efn|Chad Gable got injured after beating [[The Usos]] and American Alpha were removed from the final. The Usos then beat The Hype Bros at Backlash to replace American Alpha in the final.}} |RD2-score1=Pin |RD2-team2=The Usos |RD2-score2= 0:28 |RD2-team3=The Hype Bros |RD2-score3=7:03 |RD2-team4='''Heath Slater and Rhyno''' |RD2-score4=Pin |RD3-team1=The Usos |RD3-score1=10:02 |RD3-team2='''Heath Slater and Rhyno''' |RD3-score2=Pin }} === Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship (2022–2024) === On the May 20, 2022, episode of ''SmackDown'', reigning SmackDown Tag Team Champions The Usos defeated [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw Tag Team Champions]] RK-Bro ([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|Winners Take All match]] to win both championships and become recognized as the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions. WWE called the match as a championship unification match; however, both titles remained independently active. The Usos defended both titles together across both brands as the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship, but on a couple of occasions in early 2023, they also defended the titles separately. In the main event of [[WrestleMania 39]] Night 1, The Usos defended the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship against the team of [[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]]. This subsequently made both the Raw and SmackDown titles the first tag team championships to be defended in the main event of WWE's biggest event, [[WrestleMania]]. At the event, Owens and Zayn defeated The Usos to become champions. The titles would again be defended in the main event of a pay-per-view and livestreaming event at Night of Champions the following month on May 27 when Owens and Zayn defeated The Bloodline ([[Roman Reigns]] and [[Solo Sikoa]]). At [[WrestleMania XL]] Night 1 on April 6, 2024, the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Championship was defended in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Six-Pack Tag Team Ladder match]] in which both sets of titles had to be retrieved to win. The titles were split as [[Austin Theory]] and [[Grayson Waller]] retrieved the SmackDown titles while The Awesome Truth ([[The Miz]] and [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]]) retrieved the Raw titles.<ref name="WM40N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|date=April 6, 2024|title=WrestleMania XL results: Powell’s live review of night one with The Rock and Roman Reigns vs. Seth Rollins and Cody Rhodes, Rhea Ripley vs. Becky Lynch for the Women’s World Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/06/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-the-rock-and-roman-reigns-vs-seth-rollins-and-cody-rhodes-rhea-ripley-vs-becky-lynch-for-the-womens-world-championship/|access-date=April 6, 2024|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Thirteen days later on ''SmackDown'', the championship was renamed to '''WWE Tag Team Championship''' and was also redesigned.<ref name="SmackDown-Tag-renamed">{{cite web|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|date=April 19, 2024|title=New WWE Tag Team Titles Given To Austin Theory And Grayson Waller On 4/19 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/new-wwe-tag-team-titles-given-austin-theory-and-grayson-waller-419-wwe-smackdown|access-date=April 19, 2024|work=Fightful}}</ref> == Reigns == {{Professional wrestling title history top|active=yes|team=yes|days2=yes}} {{PWtitlereign |number = 1 |champion = [[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|September 11, 2016}} |days = {{age in days nts|September 11, 2016|December 4, 2016}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|September 11, 2016|December 3, 2016}} |location = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia|VA]] |event = [[Backlash (2016)|Backlash]] |notes = As a result of the [[2016 WWE draft]], the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|WWE Tag Team Championship]] became exclusive to [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]], so SmackDown created the SmackDown Tag Team Championship; Raw's title was then renamed.<br>Slater and Rhyno defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) in the [[#Tournament to crown the first champions (2016)|tournament final]] to become the first champions. |ref = <ref name="Backlash2016">{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=9/11 WWE Backlash Results – CALDWELL’S Complete PPV Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/09/11/backlashppvresults/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 11, 2016}}</ref> }}{{Professional wrestling title history middle |number = 2 |champion = [[The Wyatt Family]]<br>{{small|([[Bray Wyatt]], [[Luke Harper]], and [[Randy Orton]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|December 4, 2016}} |days = {{age in days nts|December 4, 2016|December 27, 2016}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Dallas]], [[Texas|TX]] |event = [[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2016)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] |notes = Wyatt and Orton won the match, but Harper was also recognized as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="FreebirdRule">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/2016-12-06/article/wyatt-family-freebird-rule?sf45368373=1|title=The Wyatt Family to defend SmackDown Tag Team Titles under the Freebird Rule|date=December 7, 2016|author=WWE.com Staff|work=WWE|access-date=December 8, 2016}}</ref><ref name="TLC2016">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE TLC 2016 live review: AJ Styles vs. Dean Ambrose in a TLC match for the WWE Championship, The Miz vs. Dolph Ziggler in a ladder match for the Intercontinental Championship|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2016/12/04/powells-wwe-survivor-series-2016-live-review-aj-styles-vs-dean-ambrose-in-a-tlc-match-for-the-wwe-championship-the-miz-vs-dolph-ziggler-in-a-ladder-match-for-the-intercontinental-championship/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|access-date=December 4, 2016}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 3 |champion = [[American Alpha]]<br>{{small|([[Chad Gable]] and [[Jason Jordan]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|December 27, 2016}} |days = {{age in days nts|December 27, 2016|March 21, 2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|December 27, 2016|March 20, 2017}} |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont]], [[Illinois|IL]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling tag team match types#Four-way tag team elimination match|fatal four-way tag team elimination match]], also involving [[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]], and [[The Usos]] (Jey and Jimmy Uso).<br>[[Luke Harper]] and [[Randy Orton]] represented [[The Wyatt Family]] and were last to be pinned. |ref = <ref name="Smackdown12272016">{{cite web|last=Parks|first=Greg|title=12/27 WWE Smackdown LIVE – Parks's Ongoing, Real-Time Report, including three title matches, John Cena’s return|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/12/27/1227-wwe-smackdown-live-parkss-ongoing-real-time-report-including-three-title-matches-john-cenas-return/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 4 |champion = {{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|March 21, 2017}} |days = {{age in days nts|March 21, 2017|July 23, 2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|March 21, 2017|July 22, 2017}} |location = [[Uncasville, Connecticut|Uncasville]], [[Connecticut|CT]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Smackdown03212017">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|title=KELLER’S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 3/21: Shane reacts to Shane challenging him to a WrestleMania match, more hype for WrestleMania 33|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/03/21/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-321/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=March 21, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 5 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|July 23, 2017}} |days = {{age in days nts|July 23, 2017|August 20, 2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|July 23, 2017|August 19, 2017}} |location = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = [[Battleground (2017)|Battleground]] |notes = Kingston and Woods won the match, but Big E was also recognized as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="BG2017">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=7/23 Powell’s WWE Battleground Live Review: Jinder Mahal vs. Randy Orton in a Punjabi Prison match for the WWE Championship, AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens for the U.S. Championship, John Cena vs. Rusev in a flag match|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/07/23/723-powells-wwe-battleground-live-review-jinder-mahal-vs-randy-orton-punjabi-prison-match-wwe-championship-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-u-s-championship-john-cena-vs-rusev/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=July 23, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 6 |champion = {{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|August 20, 2017}} |days = {{age in days nts|August 20, 2017|September 12, 2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|August 20, 2017|September 12, 2017}} |location = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|NY]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2017)|SummerSlam]] |notes = Match aired live on [[WWE Network]] and [[YouTube]] as part of the SummerSlam Kickoff show.<br>[[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Xavier Woods]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref name="preSSlam2017">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=08/20 Powell’s WWE SummerSlam Kickoff Show coverage: New Day vs. The Usos for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Akira Tozawa vs. Neville for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship, Matt Hardy, Jeff Hardy, and Jason Jordan vs. Miz, Bo Dallas, and Curtis Axel|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/08/20/0820-powells-wwe-summerslam-kickoff-show-coverage-new-day-vs-usos-smackdown-tag-titles-akira-tozawa-vs-neville-wwe-cruiserweight-championship-matt-hardy-jeff-hardy/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=August 20, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 7 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|September 12, 2017}} |days = {{age in days nts|September 12, 2017|October 8, 2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|September 12, 2017|October 7, 2017}} |location = [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada|NV]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Sin City Street Fight]].<br>Big E and Kingston won the match, but Woods was also recognized as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown09122017">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|title=KELLER’S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 9/12: Vince McMahon appears to address Shane being suspended and Owens threatening to sue|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/09/12/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-912-vince-mcmahon-appears-address-shane-suspended-owens-threatening-sue/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 12, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 8 |champion = {{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|October 8, 2017}} |days = {{age in days nts|October 8, 2017|April 8, 2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|October 8, 2017|April 8, 2018}} |location = [[Detroit, MI]] |event = [[Hell in a Cell (2017)|Hell in a Cell]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hell in a Cell match|Hell in a Cell match]].<br>[[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Xavier Woods]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref name="HIAC2017">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE Hell in a Cell 2017 live review: Kevin Owens vs. Shane McMahon in a Falls Count Anywhere HIAC match, New Day vs. The Usos in an HIAC match for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Jinder Mahal vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/10/08/powells-wwe-hell-cell-2017-live-review-kevin-owens-vs-shane-mcmahon-falls-count-anywhere-hiac-match-new-day-vs-usos-hiac-match-smackdown-tag-titles-jinder-mahal-vs-s/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 9 |champion = [[The Bludgeon Brothers]]<br>{{small|([[Luke Harper|Harper]] (2) and [[Erick Rowan|Rowan]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 8, 2018}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 8, 2018|August 21, 2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|April 8, 2018|August 21, 2018}} |location = [[New Orleans, LA]] |event = [[WrestleMania 34]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling tag team match types|triple threat tag team match]], also involving [[The New Day]] (represented by [[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Kofi Kingston]]).<br>Harper was previously known as Luke Harper. |ref = <ref name="WM34">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell’s WrestleMania 34 live review: AJ Styles vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Championship, Charlotte Flair vs. Asuka for the Smackdown Women’s Championship, Ronda Rousey and Kurt Angle vs. Triple H and Stephanie McMahon|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/08/powells-wrestlemania-34-live-review-aj-styles-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-wwe-championship-brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-charlotte-flair-vs-as/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|access-date=April 8, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 10 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|August 21, 2018}} |days = {{age in days nts|August 21, 2018|October 16, 2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|August 21, 2018|October 15, 2018}} |location = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No disqualification match|No Disqualification match]].<br>Kingston and Woods won the match, but Big E was also recognized as champion under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown07242018">{{cite web|last=Barnett|first=Jake|title=8/21 Barnett’s WWE Smackdown Live TV Review: Bludgeon Brothers vs. New Day in a No DQ match for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Randy Orton vs. Jeff Hardy, Becky Lynch explains her actions at SummerSlam, AJ Styles interview|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/08/21/8-21-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-bludgeon-brothers-vs-new-day-in-a-no-dq-match-for-the-smackdown-tag-titles-randy-orton-vs-jeff-hardy-becky-lynch-explains-her-actions-at-summerslam-a/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=August 21, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 11 |champion = [[Cesaro and Sheamus|The Bar]]<br>{{small|([[Cesaro (wrestler)|Cesaro]] and [[Sheamus]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|October 16, 2018}} |days = {{age in days nts|October 16, 2018|January 27, 2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|October 16, 2018|January 26, 2019}} |location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown 1000]]'' |notes = [[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Xavier Woods]] represented [[The New ä Day]]. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown10162018">{{cite web|last=Barnett|first=Jake|title=10/16 Barnett’s WWE Smackdown 1000 TV Review: Evolution, Undertaker, and other legends return for the milestone show, Rey Mysterio vs. Shinsuke Nakamura and Rusev vs. The Miz in World Cup tournament qualifiers|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/10/16/10-16-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-1000-tv-review-evolution-undertaker-and-other-legends-return-for-the-milestone-show-rey-mysterio-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-and-rusev-vs-the-miz-in-world-cup/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|date=October 16, 2018|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 12 |champion = [[The Miz]] and [[Shane McMahon]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|January 27, 2019}} |days = {{age in days nts|January 27, 2019|February 17, 2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Phoenix, AZ]] |event = [[Royal Rumble (2019)|Royal Rumble]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="RR2019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell’s WWE Royal Rumble 2019 live review: Men’s and Women’s Royal Rumble matches, Brock Lesnar vs. Finn Balor for the WWE Universal Championship, Daniel Bryan vs. AJ Styles for the WWE Championship, Ronda Rousey vs. Sasha Banks for the Raw Women’s Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/01/27/powells-wwe-royal-rumble-2019-live-review-mens-and-womens-royal-rumble-matches-brock-lesnar-vs-finn-balor-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-daniel-bryan-vs-aj-styles-for-the-wwe-championsh/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 13 |champion = {{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|February 17, 2019}} |days = {{age in days|February 17, 2019|April 9, 2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Houston, TX]] |event = [[Elimination Chamber (2019)|Elimination Chamber]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="EC2019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell's WWE Elimination Chamber 2019 live review: Daniel Bryan vs. AJ Styles vs. Jeff Hardy vs. Kofi Kingston vs. Randy Orton vs. Samoa Joe in an Elimination Chamber match for the WWE Championship, new WWE Women's Tag Champions, Ronda Rousey vs. Ruby Riott for the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/02/17/powells-wwe-elimination-chamber-2019-live-review-daniel-bryan-vs-aj-styles-vs-jeff-hardy-vs-kofi-kingston-vs-randy-orton-vs-samoa-joe-in-an-elimination-chamber-match-for-the-wwe-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=February 17, 2019|access-date=February 17, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 14 |champion = {{sort|Hardy|[[The Hardy Boyz]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jeff Hardy|Jeff]] and [[Matt Hardy]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 9, 2019}} |days = {{age in days|April 9, 2019|April 30, 2019}} |days2 = {{age in days|April 9, 2019|April 29, 2019}} |location = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|NY]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="SmackDown04092019">{{cite web|last=Barnett|first=Jake|title=4/9 Barnett's WWE Smackdown Live TV Review: New Day's celebration for Kofi Kingston winning the WWE Championship, Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso vs. Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy for the Smackdown Tag Titles, first Smackdown after WrestleMania 35|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/04/09/4-9-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-new-days-celebration-for-kofi-kingston-winning-the-wwe-championship-jimmy-uso-and-jey-uso-vs-matt-hardy-and-jeff-hardy-for-the-smackdown-tag-titles-fi/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 9, 2019|access-date=April 10, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |type = vacated |date = {{dts|April 30, 2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], [[Ohio|OH]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = [[The Hardy Boyz]] ([[Jeff Hardy|Jeff]] and [[Matt Hardy]]) vacated the title due to Jeff suffering a knee injury that required surgery. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown04302019">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/04/30/4-30-wwe-smackdown-live-results-barnetts-review-of-becky-lynch-vs-bayley-in-a-non-title-match-kofi-kingston-addresses-being-attacked-by-kevin-owens-the-announcement-of-the-smackdown-money-in-the/|title=4/30 WWE Smackdown Live Results: Barnett's review of Becky Lynch vs. Bayley in a non-title match, Kofi Kingston addresses being attacked by Kevin Owens, the announcement of the Smackdown Money in the Bank ladder match participants|last=Barnett|first=Jake|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 30, 2019|access-date=April 30, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 15 |champion = {{sortname|Daniel|Bryan|Bryan Danielson}} and {{sortname||Rowan|Erick Rowan}} |reign = 1<br>{{small|(1, 2)}} |date = {{dts|May 7, 2019}} |days = {{age in days|May 7, 2019|July 14, 2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville, KY]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = Defeated [[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) to win the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown05072019">{{cite web|last=Barnett|first=Jake|title=5/7 WWE Smackdown Live Results: Barnett's review of The Usos vs. Daniel Bryan and Rowan for the vacant Smackdown Tag Titles, Raw wrestlers appear, Ali vs. Andrade, Carmella and Ember Moon vs. Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/05/07/5-7-wwe-smackdown-live-results-barnetts-review-of-shane-mcmahon-crowning-new-smackdown-tag-champions-raw-wrestlers-to-appear-ali-vs-andrade-bayley-carmella-and-ember-moon-vs-charlotte-f/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=May 7, 2019|access-date=May 8, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 16 |champion = {{sort|New|[[The New Day]]}}<br />{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|July 14, 2019}} |days = {{age in days|July 14, 2019|September 15, 2019}} |days2 = {{age in days|July 14, 2019|September 14, 2019}} |location = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2019)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = This was a [[triple threat tag team match]], also involving Heavy Machinery ([[Otis (wrestler)|Otis]] and [[Tucker (wrestler)|Tucker]]).<br>Big E and Woods won the match. At the time, Kingston was the reigning [[WWE Champion]] and he was not listed as tag team champion with Big E and Woods, but after The New Day won their sixth title on April 17, 2020, Kingston was also credited for this reign under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="ER2019">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Extreme Rules results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins and Becky Lynch vs. Baron Corbin and Lacey Evans in an Extreme Rules match for the WWE Universal Championship and the Raw Women's Championship, Kofi Kingston vs. Samoa Joe for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/07/14/wwe-extreme-rules-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-and-becky-lynch-vs-baron-corbin-and-lacey-evans-in-an-extreme-rules-match-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-and-the-raw-womens-cham/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=July 14, 2019|access-date=July 14, 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://www.wwe.com/videos/4-records-set-by-kofi-kingston-wwe-list-this 4 records set by Kofi Kingston - WWE.com]</ref><ref>[http://www.espn.com/wwe/story/_/id/17173532/wwe-profile-page-kofi-kingston Kofi Kingston profile - ESPN]</ref><ref name = "ND">[http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/the-new-day-greatest-faction-of-all-time Why New Day is the greatest faction of all time - WWE.com]</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 17 |champion = {{sort|Revival|[[The Revival (professional wrestling)|The Revival]]}}<br />{{small|([[Dash Wilder]] and [[Dax Harwood|Scott Dawson]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|September 15, 2019}} |days = {{age in days|September 15, 2019|November 8, 2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[Clash of Champions (2019)|Clash of Champions]] |notes = [[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Xavier Woods]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref name="COC2019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Clash of Champions results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins vs. Braun Strowman for the WWE Universal Championship, Kofi Kingston vs. Randy Orton for the WWE Championship, Becky Lynch vs. Sasha Banks for the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/09/15/wwe-clash-of-champions-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-braun-strowman-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-kofi-kingston-vs-randy-orton-for-the-wwe-championship-becky-lynch-vs-sas/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=September 15, 2019|access-date=September 15, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 18 |champion = {{sort|New|[[The New Day]]}}<br />{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|November 8, 2019}} |days = {{age in days|November 8, 2019|February 27, 2020}} |days2 = {{age in days|November 8, 2019|February 26, 2020}} |location = [[Manchester, England]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = Big E and Kingston won the match. At the time, Woods was inactive due to injury and he was not recognized as champion with Big E and Kingston, but after The New Day won their sixth title on April 17, 2020, Woods was retroactively credited for this reign under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown11082019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=11/8 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Powell's review of Roman Reigns vs. King Corbin, The Revival vs. Big E and Kofi Kingston for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Sasha Banks vs. Nikki Cross, Tyson Fury returns|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/11/08/11-8-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-powells-review-of-roman-reigns-vs-king-corbin-the-revival-vs-big-e-and-kofi-kingston-for-the-smackdown-tag-titles-sasha-banks-vs-nikki-cross-tyson-fury/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=November 8, 2019|access-date=November 9, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 19 |champion = [[The Miz]] and [[John Morrison]] |reign = 1<br>{{small|(2, 1)}} |date = {{dts|February 27, 2020}} |days = {{age in days|February 27, 2020|April 17, 2020}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |event = [[Super ShowDown (2020)|Super ShowDown]] |notes = [[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Kofi Kingston]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref name="SuperShowDown2020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Super ShowDown results: Powell's live review of "The Fiend" Bray Wyatt vs. Goldberg for the WWE Universal Championship, Brock Lesnar vs. Ricochet for the WWE Championship, Big E and Kofi Kingston vs. The Miz and John Morrison for the Smackdown Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/02/27/wwe-super-showdown-results-powells-live-review-of-the-fiend-bray-wyatt-vs-goldberg-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-brock-lesnar-vs-ricochet-for-the-wwe-championship-big-e-and-kofi-kingst/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=February 27, 2020|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 20 |champion = {{sort|New|[[The New Day]]}}<br />{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 6 |date = {{dts|April 17, 2020}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 17, 2020|July 19, 2020}} |days2 = 92 |location = [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]], [[Florida|FL]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Triple Threat match]] between Big E representing The New Day, [[Jey Uso]] representing [[The Usos]], and The Miz representing himself and John Morrison. Big E pinned The Miz to win the titles. During this reign, Woods was inactive due to injury, but was credited for this reign under the [[Freebird Rule]]. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown04172020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=4/17 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Powell's review of The Miz vs. Jey Uso vs. Big E in a Triple Threat for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Daniel Bryan vs. Cesaro and Naomi vs. Dana Brooke in Money in the Bank qualifiers, Sasha Banks vs. Tamina|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/04/17/4-17-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-powells-review-of-the-miz-vs-jey-uso-vs-big-e-in-a-triple-threat-for-the-smackdown-tag-titles-daniel-bryan-vs-cesaro-and-naomi-vs-dana-brooke-in-money-i/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 17, 2020|access-date=April 17, 2020}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 21 |champion = [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] and [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] |reign = 1<br>{{small|(1, 2)}} |date = {{dts|July 19, 2020}} |days = {{age in days|July 19, 2020|October 9, 2020}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Orlando]], [[Florida|FL]] |event = [[The Horror Show at Extreme Rules]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|tables match]].<br>[[Big E Langston|Big E]] and [[Kofi Kingston]] represented [[The New Day]]. |ref = <ref name="HSER">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Extreme Rules results: Powell's review of Seth Rollins vs. Rey Mysterio in An Eye For An Eye match, WWE Universal Champion Braun Strowman vs. Bray Wyatt in a non-title Swamp Fight, Asuka vs. Sasha Banks for the Raw Women's Championship, Drew McIntyre vs. Dolph Ziggler for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/07/19/wwe-extreme-rules-results-powells-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-rey-mysterio-in-an-eye-for-an-eye-match-wwe-universal-champion-braun-strowman-vs-bray-wyatt-in-a-non-title-swamp-fight-asuka-vs-sash/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=July 19, 2020|access-date=July 19, 2020}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 22 |champion = [[The New Day]]<br>{{small|([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]])}} |reign = 7 |date = {{dts|October 9, 2020}} |days = {{age in days|October 9, 2020|October 12, 2020}} |days2 = 2 |location = [[Orlando]], [[Florida|FL]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = Kingston and Woods won the titles as part of [[The New Day]] with [[Big E Langston|Big E]]; however, the two were drafted to the Raw brand as part of the [[2020 WWE Draft]] immediately after their win, splitting them from Big E and marking their first reign without him. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown10092020">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/10/09/10-9-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-powells-review-of-the-2020-wwe-draft-night-one-bayley-vs-sasha-banks-for-the-smackdown-womens-championship-the-fiend-vs-kevin-owens-big-e-vs-sheamus/|title=10/9 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Powell's review of the 2020 WWE Draft night one, Bayley vs. Sasha Banks for the Smackdown Women's Championship, The Fiend vs. Kevin Owens, Big E vs. Sheamus in a Falls Count Anywhere match|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 9, 2020|access-date=October 9, 2020}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 23 |champion = [[The Street Profits]]<br>{{small|([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|October 12, 2020}} |days = {{age in days|October 12, 2020|January 8, 2021}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Orlando]], [[Florida|FL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = As a result of the [[2020 WWE Draft]], [[The New Day]] ([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]]) were drafted to Raw while then-Raw Tag Team Champions The Street Profits were drafted to SmackDown. To keep the championships on their respective brands, WWE official [[Adam Pearce]] had the two teams change their championships. |ref = <ref name="Raw10122020">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/10/12/10-12-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-the-2020-wwe-draft-night-two-dual-brand-battle-royal-for-a-shot-at-the-raw-womens-championship-kevin-owens-vs-aleister-black-in-a-no-dq-match/|title=10/12 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of the 2020 WWE Draft night two, Dual-Brand Battle Royal for a shot at the Raw Women's Championship, Kevin Owens vs. Aleister Black in a No DQ match, Seth Rollins says farewell to Raw, Mustafa Ali's first promo as Retribution's leader|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 12, 2020|access-date=October 12, 2020}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 24 |champion = [[Dolph Ziggler]] and [[Bobby Roode|Robert Roode]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|January 8, 2021}} |days = {{age in days|January 8, 2021|May 16, 2021}} |days2 = {{age in days|January 9, 2021|May 16, 2021}} |location = [[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg, FL]] |event = ''[[SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="SmackDown01082020">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/01/08/1-8-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-powells-review-of-daniel-bryan-vs-king-corbin-vs-sami-zayn-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-vs-rey-mysterio-in-a-gauntlet-match-for-a-shot-at-the-wwe-championship-at/|title=1/8 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Powell's review of Daniel Bryan vs. King Corbin vs. Sami Zayn vs. Shinsuke Nakamura vs. Rey Mysterio in a gauntlet match for a shot at the WWE Universal Championship at the Royal Rumble, Big E vs. Apollo Crews for the IC Championship, The Street Profits vs. Bobby Roode and Dolph Ziggler for the Smackdown Tag Titles|date=January 8, 2021|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=January 9, 2021}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 25 |champion = {{sort|Mysterios|The Mysterios<br>{{small|([[Rey Mysterio|Rey]] and [[Dominik Mysterio]]}}}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|May 16, 2021}} |days = {{age in days|May 16, 2021|July 18, 2021}} |days2 = {{age in days|May 17, 2021|July 18, 2021}} |location = [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]] |event = [[WrestleMania Backlash (2021)|WrestleMania Backlash]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Backlash2021">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE WrestleMania Backlash results: Powell's live review of Roman Reigns vs. Cesaro for the WWE Universal Championship, Bobby Lashley vs. Drew McIntyre vs. Braun Strowman for the WWE Championship, Rhea Ripley vs. Asuka vs. Charlotte Flair for the Raw Women's Championship, Bianca Belair vs. Bayley for the Smackdown Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/05/16/wwe-wrestlemania-backlash-results-powells-live-review-of-roman-reigns-vs-cesaro-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-bobby-lashley-vs-drew-mcintyre-vs-braun-strowman-for-the-wwe-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=May 16, 2021|access-date=May 17, 2021}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 26 |champion = {{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|July 18, 2021}} |days = {{age in days|July 18, 2021|April 1, 2023}} |days2 = {{age in days|July 18, 2021|April 1, 2023}} |location = [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], [[Texas|TX]] |event = [[Money in the Bank (2021)|Money in the Bank]]<br>{{small|Kickoff}} |notes = On the May 20, 2022, episode of ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'', The Usos defeated Raw Tag Team Champions [[RK-Bro]] ([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]]) in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|Winners Take All match]], becoming listed as the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions. WWE mistakenly lists the end of this reign on April 2, 2023. |ref = <ref name="preMITB2021">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Money in the Bank Kickoff Show report: Powell's live review of Rey Mysterio and Dominik Mysterio vs. Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso for the Smackdown Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/07/18/wwe-money-in-the-bank-kickoff-show-report-powells-live-review-of-rey-mysterio-and-dominik-mysterio-vs-jimmy-uso-and-jey-uso-for-the-smackdown-tag-titles/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=July 18, 2021|access-date=July 18, 2021}}</ref><ref name="SamckDown05202022">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/05/20/5-20-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-barnetts-review-of-smackdown-tag-team-champions-jimmy-uso-and-jey-uso-vs-raw-tag-team-champions-rk-bro-randy-orton-and-riddle-in-a-unifica/|title=5/20 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Barnett's review of Smackdown Tag Team Champions Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso vs. Raw Tag Team Champions "RK-Bro" Randy Orton and Riddle in a unification match, Shinsuke Nakamura vs. Sami Zayn, Xavier Woods vs. Butch|date=March 7, 2022|last=Barnett|first=Jake|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=May 20, 2022}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 27 |champion = [[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 1, 2023}} |days = {{age in days|April 1, 2023|September 2, 2023}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]], [[California|CA]] |event = [[WrestleMania 39]]<br/>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = This match was also for [[The Usos]]' Raw Tag Team Championship. WWE's official title history mistakenly lists the date as April 2, 2023. |ref = <ref name="WM39N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 39 results: Powell’s live review of night one with Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso vs. Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn for the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Titles, Charlotte Flair vs. Rhea Ripley for the Smackdown Women’s Title, Austin Theory vs. John Cena for the U.S. Title, Rey Mysterio vs. Dominik Mysterio, Seth Rollins vs. Logan Paul|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/04/01/wrestlemania-39-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-jimmy-uso-and-jey-uso-vs-kevin-owens-and-sami-zayn-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-team-titles-charlotte-flair-vs-rhea-ripley-for-the-sma/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 1, 2023|access-date=April 1, 2023}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 28 |champion = [[The Judgment Day]]<br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|September 2, 2023}} |days = {{age in days|September 2, 2023|October 7, 2023}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = [[Payback (2023)|Payback]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Steel City Street Fight]] that was also for Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn's Raw Tag Team Championship. |ref = <ref name="Payback2023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Payback results: Powell’s review of Seth Rollins vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the World Heavyweight Title, Rhea Ripley vs. Raquel Rodriguez for the Women’s World Title, LA Knight vs. The Miz|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/09/02/wwe-payback-results-powells-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-world-heavyweight-title-rhea-ripley-vs-raquel-rodriguez-for-the-womens-world-title-la-knight-vs-the-miz/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=September 2, 2023|access-date=September 2, 2023}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 29 |champion = [[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Jey Uso]] |reign = 1<br>{{small|(1, 6)}} |date = {{dts|October 7, 2023}} |days = {{age in days|October 7, 2023|October 16, 2023}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Indianapolis, IN]] |event = [[Fastlane (2023)|Fastlane]] |notes = This match was also for The Judgment Day's Raw Tag Team Championship. |ref = <ref name="Fastlane2023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Fastlane results: Powell’s review of Seth Rollins vs. Shinsuke Nakamura in a Last Man Standing match for the World Heavyweight Title, John Cena and LA Knight vs. Solo Sikoa and Jimmy Uso|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/10/07/wwe-fastlane-results-powells-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-in-a-last-man-standing-match-for-the-world-heavyweight-title-john-cena-and-la-knight-vs-solo-sikoa-and-jimmy-uso/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 7, 2023|access-date=October 7, 2023}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 30 |champion = [[The Judgment Day]]<br>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|October 16, 2023}} |days = {{age in days|October 16, 2023|April 6, 2024}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Oklahoma City, OK]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This match was also for [[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Jey Uso]]'s Raw Tag Team Championship. |ref = <ref name="Raw10162023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Raw results (10/16): Powell’s live review of the season premiere, Cody Rhodes and Jey Uso vs. Damian Priest and Finn Balor for the Undisputed WWE Tag Titles, Gunther vs. Bronson Reed for the IC Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/10/16/wwe-raw-results-10-16-powells-live-review-of-the-season-premiere-cody-rhodes-and-jey-uso-vs-damian-priest-and-finn-balor-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-titles-gunther-vs-bronson-reed-for-the/|date=October 16, 2023|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=October 16, 2023}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |champion = [[A-Town Down Under]]<br>{{small|([[Austin Theory]] and [[Grayson Waller]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 6, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|April 6, 2024|July 5, 2024}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = [[WrestleMania XL]]<br/>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Six-Pack Tag Team Ladder match]] for both the SmackDown and [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship|Raw Tag Team Championships]] also featuring [[The Awesome Truth]] ([[The Miz]] and [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]]), [[DIY (professional wrestling)|#DIY]] ([[Johnny Gargano]] and [[Tommaso Ciampa]]), [[The New Day]] ([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]]), and [[New Catch Republic]] ([[Pete Dunne]] and [[Tyler Bate]]). Both sets of titles were hung above the ring and the match continued until both sets of titles were won. The Awesome Truth won the Raw Tag Team Championship while Theory and Waller won the SmackDown Tag Team Championship. |ref = <ref name="WM40N1"/> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 32 |champion = [[DIY (professional wrestling)|#DIY]]<br>{{small|([[Johnny Gargano]] and [[Tommaso Ciampa]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|July 5, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|July 5, 2024|August 2, 2024}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Toronto]], [[Ontario|ON]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/07/05/wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-7-5-barnetts-review-of-cody-rhodes-randy-orton-and-kevin-owens-addressing-the-bloodline-grayson-waller-and-austin-theory-vs-diy-for-the-wwe-tag-titles/|title=WWE Friday Night Smackdown results (7/5): Barnett's review of Cody Rhodes, Randy Orton, and Kevin Owens addressing The Bloodline, Grayson Waller and Austin Theory vs. DIY for the WWE Tag Titles|date=July 5, 2024|last=Barnett|first=Jake|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=July 6, 2024}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 33 |champion = [[The Bloodline]]<br>{{small|([[Tama Tonga]], [[Jacob Fatu]], and [[Camacho (wrestler)|Tonga Loa]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|August 2, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|August 2, 2024|October 25, 2024}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio|OH]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes =Tonga and Fatu originally won the championship, but Bloodline leader [[Solo Sikoa]] ordered Fatu to give up his half of the title to Tonga Loa on the August 23 episode of ''SmackDown'' so that Fatu could be Sikoa's personal enforcer. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown08022024">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/08/02/wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-8-2-powells-review-of-cody-rhodes-and-solo-sikoa-face-to-face-before-summerslam-diy-vs-jacob-fatu-and-tama-tonga-for-the-wwe-tag-titles/|title=WWE Friday Night Smackdown results (8/2): Powell's review of Cody Rhodes and Solo Sikoa face-to-face before SummerSlam, DIY vs. Jacob Fatu and Tama Tonga for the WWE Tag Titles|date=August 2, 2024|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=August 2, 2024}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 34 |champion = [[The Motor City Machine Guns]]<br>{{small|([[Alex Shelley]] and [[Chris Sabin]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|October 25, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|October 25, 2024|December 6, 2024}} |days2 = {{age in days|October 25, 2024|December 6, 2024}} |location = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="SmackDown10252024">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/10/25/wwe-smackdown-results-10-25-powells-review-of-motor-city-machine-guns-vs-diy-for-a-shot-at-the-wwe-tag-team-titles-andrade-vs-carmelo-hayes-game-seven-with-la-knight-as-special-refere/|title=WWE Smackdown results (10/25): Powell's review of Motor City Machine Guns vs. DIY for a shot at the WWE Tag Team Titles, Andrade vs. Carmelo Hayes "game seven" with LA Knight as special referee|date=October 25, 2024|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=October 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110102220/https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/10/25/wwe-smackdown-results-10-25-powells-review-of-motor-city-machine-guns-vs-diy-for-a-shot-at-the-wwe-tag-team-titles-andrade-vs-carmelo-hayes-game-seven-with-la-knight-as-special-refere/|archive-date=November 10, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 35 |champion = [[DIY (professional wrestling)|#DIY]]<br>{{small|([[Johnny Gargano]] and [[Tommaso Ciampa]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|December 6, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|December 6, 2024|March 14, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Minneapolis]], [[Minnesota|MN]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="SmackDown12062024">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/06/wwe-smackdown-results-12-6-barnetts-review-of-mcmg-vs-the-street-profits-for-the-wwe-tag-team-titles-naomi-vs-tiffany-stratton-vs-elektra-lopez-in-a-womens-u-s-title-tournament-match/|title=WWE Smackdown results (12/6): Barnett's review of MCMG vs. The Street Profits for the WWE Tag Team Titles, Naomi vs. Tiffany Stratton vs. Elektra Lopez in a Women's U.S. Title tournament match|date=December 6, 2024|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=December 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207151017/https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/06/wwe-smackdown-results-12-6-barnetts-review-of-mcmg-vs-the-street-profits-for-the-wwe-tag-team-titles-naomi-vs-tiffany-stratton-vs-elektra-lopez-in-a-womens-u-s-title-tournament-match/|archive-date=December 7, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 36 |champion = [[The Street Profits]]<br>{{small|([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]])}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|March 14, 2025}} |days = |days = {{age in days|March 14, 2025|July 11, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/03/14/wwe-smackdown-results-3-14-powells-live-review-of-cody-rhodes-on-miz-tv-diy-vs-the-street-profits-for-the-wwe-tag-team-titles-randy-orton-vs-carmelo-hayes-charlotte-flair-vs-b-fab/|title=WWE Smackdown results (3/14): Powell's live review of Cody Rhodes on Miz TV, DIY vs. The Street Profits for the WWE Tag Team Titles, Randy Orton vs. Carmelo Hayes, Charlotte Flair vs. B-Fab|date=March 14, 2025|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=[[Pro Wrestling Dot Net]]|access-date=March 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317021333/https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/03/14/wwe-smackdown-results-3-14-powells-live-review-of-cody-rhodes-on-miz-tv-diy-vs-the-street-profits-for-the-wwe-tag-team-titles-randy-orton-vs-carmelo-hayes-charlotte-flair-vs-b-fab/|archive-date=March 17, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 37 |champion = [[The Wyatt Sicks]]<br>{{small|([[Dexter Lumis]] and [[Joe Gacy]])}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|July 11, 2025}} |days = {{age in days|July 11, 2025|January 22, 2026}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Wyatt6">{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wyatt-sicks-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-wwe-smackdown/|title=Wyatt Sicks Win WWE Tag Team Titles On WWE SmackDown|date=July 11, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=July 11, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 38 |champion = [[The Bloodline (professional wrestling)|The MFTs]]<br>{{small|([[Solo Sikoa]] and [[Tama Tonga]])}} |reign = 1<br>{{small|(1, 2)}} |date = {{dts|January 23, 2026}} |days = {{age in days|January 23, 2026|March 20, 2026}} |days2 = {{age in days|January 24, 2026|March 20, 2026}} |location = [[Montreal]], [[Quebec|QC]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = The stable was previously known as The Bloodline. |ref = <ref name="SoloAndTama">{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=Solo Sikoa & Tama Tonga Win WWE Tag Team Titles On SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/solo-sikoa-tama-tonga-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=January 23, 2026|access-date=January 23, 2026}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 39 |champion = [[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]] |reign = 1<br>{{small|(3, 1)}} |date = {{dts|March 20, 2026}} |days = {{age in days|March 20, 2026}}+ |days2 = yes |location = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = [[Jeff Cobb|JC Mateo]] defended the title in place of [[Solo Sikoa]]. |ref = <ref name="Priest&Truth">{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Ishaan|title=R-Truth & Damian Priest Win WWE Tag Team Titles On 3/20 WWE SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/r-truth-damian-priest-win-wwe-tag-team-titles-on-3-20-wwe-smackdown/|work=Fightful|date=March 20, 2026|access-date=March 20, 2026}}</ref> }} {{BundleEnd}} == Combined reigns == As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}. === By team === {|class="wikitable" |- !style="background-color: #ffe6bd"|† |Is the current champion(s) |} {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" !Rank !Team !data-sort-type="number"|No. of<br>reigns !data-sort-type="number"|Combined<br>days !data-sort-type="number"|Combined days<br />rec. by WWE |- !1 |{{sort|Usos|[[The Usos]]}}<br />{{small|([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]])}} || 5 || 1,002 || 1,001 |- !2 |{{sort|New|[[The New Day]]}} <br />{{small|([[Big E Langston|Big E]], [[Kofi Kingston]], and [[Xavier Woods]])}}|| 7 || 377 || 371 |- !3 |{{sort|Judgment|[[The Judgment Day]]}} <br/>{{small|([[Finn Bálor]] and [[Damian Priest]])}} || 2 || 208 || 207 |- !4 |{{sort|Street|[[The Street Profits]]}} <br />{{small|([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]])}}|| 2 || colspan=2|207 |- !5 |{{sort|Wyatt Sicks|[[The Wyatt Sicks]]}} <br />{{small|([[Dexter Lumis]] and [[Joe Gacy]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |{{age in days|July 11, 2025|January 23, 2026}} |- !6 |{{sort|OZ|[[Kevin Owens]] and [[Sami Zayn]]}} || 1 || 154 || 153 |- !7 |{{sort|Bludgeon|[[The Bludgeon Brothers]]}} <br />{{small|([[Luke Harper|Harper]] and [[Erick Rowan|Rowan]])}} || 1 || colspan=2|135 |- !8 |{{sort|ZR|[[Dolph Ziggler]] and [[Bobby Roode|Robert Roode]]}} || 1 || 128 || 127 |- !9 |{{sort|DIY|[[DIY (professional wrestling)|#DIY]]}} {{small|([[Johnny Gargano]] and [[Tommaso Ciampa]])}} | 2 || colspan="2" | 126 |- !10 |{{sort|Bar|[[Cesaro and Sheamus|The Bar]]}}<br />{{small|([[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]] and [[Sheamus]])}}|| 1 || 103 || 102 |- !11 |{{sort|A-Town|[[A-Town Down Under]]}} <br>{{small|([[Austin Theory]] and [[Grayson Waller]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |90 |- ! rowspan="2" |12 |{{sort|American|[[American Alpha]]}}<br />{{small|([[Chad Gable]] and [[Jason Jordan]])}}||1 || rowspan="2" |84 || rowspan="2" |83 |- |{{sort|SR|[[Heath Slater]] and [[Rhyno]]}} |1 |- !14 |{{sort|NC|[[Shinsuke Nakamura]] and [[Claudio Castagnoli|Cesaro]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |82 |- !15 | bgcolor="#ffe6bd" |{{sort|PR|[[Damian Priest]] and [[R-Truth]]}} † || 1 || colspan="2" |{{age in days|March 20, 2026}}+ |- !16 |{{sort|BR|[[Bryan Danielson|Daniel Bryan]] and [[Erick Rowan|Rowan]]}} || 1 || colspan="2" |68 |- !17 |{{sort|Mysterios|[[The Mysterios]]}} <br />{{small|([[Rey Mysterio|Rey]] and [[Dominik Mysterio]])}}|| 1 || 63 || 62 |- !18 |{{sort|MFTs|[[The MFTs]]}} <br />{{small|([[Solo Sikoa]] and [[Tama Tonga]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |56 |- !19 |{{sort|Revival|[[FTR (professional wrestling)|The Revival]]}} <br />{{small|([[Cash Wheeler|Dash Wilder]] and [[Dax Harwood|Scott Dawson]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |54 |- !20 |{{sort|MMO|[[The Miz]] and [[John Morrison (wrestler)|John Morrison]]}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |50 |- !21 |{{sort|Motor|[[The Motor City Machine Guns]]}} <br />{{small|([[Alex Shelley]] and [[Chris Sabin]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |42 |- !22 |{{sort|Wyatt Family|[[The Wyatt Family]]}} <br />{{small|([[Bray Wyatt]], [[Luke Harper]], and [[Randy Orton]])}}|| 1 || colspan="2" |23 |- !rowspan=3|23 |{{sort|Bloodline|[[The MFTs|The Bloodline]]}} <br/>{{small|([[Tama Tonga]] and [[Jacob Fatu]]/[[Tanga Loa|Tonga Loa]])}}{{efn|Tama Tonga originally won the championship with Jacob Fatu, but Fatu gave up his half of the title to fellow group member Tonga Loa. WWE lists this as a single uninterrupted reign for The Bloodline.}}|| 1 || 21/63 || 84 |- |{{sort|Hardy|[[The Hardy Boyz]]}} <br />{{small|([[Jeff Hardy|Jeff]] and [[Matt Hardy]])}} || 1 || 21 || 20 |- |{{sort|MMC|[[The Miz]] and [[Shane McMahon]]}}|| 1 || colspan=2|21 |- !26 |{{sort|RU|[[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Jey Uso]]}}|| 1 || colspan=2|9 |- |} === By wrestler === [[File:Jey Uso WM34 SDTagChamps.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Individually, [[Jey Uso]] has the longest combined reign at 1,011 days (1,010 days as listed by WWE).]] {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" !Rank !Wrestler !data-sort-type="number"|No. of<br>reigns !data-sort-type="number"|Combined<br>days !data-sort-type="number"|Combined days<br>rec. by WWE |- !1 |{{sortname|Jey|Uso}} || 6 || 1,011 || 1,010 |- !2 |{{sortname|Jimmy|Uso}} || 5 || 1,002 || 1,001 |- !rowspan=2|3 |{{sortname|Kofi|Kingston}} || rowspan=2|7 || rowspan=2|380 || rowspan=2|373 |- |{{sortname|Xavier|Woods}} |- !5 |{{sortname|Big|E|Big E Langston}} || 6 || 377 || 371 |- !6 |bgcolor=#ffe6bd|{{sortname|Damian|Priest}} † || 3 || {{age in days|August 24, 2025}}+ || {{age in days|August 25, 2025}}+ |- !7 |{{sortname|Finn|Bálor}} || 2 || 208 || 207 |- !rowspan=2|8 |{{sortname|Angelo|Dawkins}} || rowspan=2|2 || colspan=2 rowspan=2|207 |- |{{sortname|Montez|Ford}} |- !10 |{{sortname||Rowan|Erick Rowan}} || 2 || colspan=2|203 |- !rowspan="2" |11 |{{sortname|Joe|Gacy}} || rowspan="2" |1 || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{age in days|July 11, 2025|January 23, 2026}} |- |{{sortname|Dexter|Lumis}} |- !13 |{{sortname||Cesaro|Claudio Castagnoli}} || 2 || 185 || 184 |- !14 |{{sortname|(Luke)|Harper|Luke Harper}}|| 2{{efn|During his second reign, his ring name was simply "Harper".}} || colspan=2|158 |- !rowspan="2"|15 |{{sortname|Kevin|Owens}} || rowspan=2|1 || rowspan="2" |154 || rowspan="2" |153 |- |{{sortname|Sami|Zayn}} |- !17 |{{sortname|Tama|Tonga}} || 2 || colspan=2|140 |- !rowspan=2|18 |{{sortname|Dolph|Ziggler}} ||rowspan=2|1 || rowspan=2|128 || rowspan=2|127 |- |{{sortname|Robert|Roode}} |- ! rowspan=2|20 |{{sortname|Johnny|Gargano}} || rowspan=2|2 || colspan=2 rowspan=2|{{age in days|November 8, 2024|March 14, 2025}} |- |{{sortname|Tommaso|Ciampa}} |- !22 |{{sortname||Sheamus}} || 1 || 103 ||102 |- ! rowspan="2" |23 |{{sortname|Austin|Theory}} || rowspan="2" |1 || colspan="2" rowspan="2" |90 |- |{{sortname|Grayson|Waller}} |- !rowspan=4|25 |{{sortname|Chad|Gable}} ||1 || rowspan="4" |84 || rowspan="4" |83 |- |{{sortname|Heath|Slater}} |1 |- |{{sortname|Jason|Jordan}} |1 |- |{{sortname||Rhyno}} |1 |- !29 |{{sortname|Shinsuke|Nakamura}} || 1 || colspan="2" |82 |- !30 |{{sortname|The|Miz}} || 2 || colspan="2" |71 |- !31 |bgcolor=#ffe6bd|{{sortname||R-Truth}} † || 1 || colspan=2|{{age in days|March 20, 2026}}+ |- !32 |{{sortname|Daniel|Bryan|Bryan Danielson}} || 1 || colspan="2" |68 |- !rowspan=3|33 |{{sortname|Dominik|Mysterio}} || rowspan=2|1 || rowspan=2|63 || rowspan=2|62 |- |{{sortname|Rey|Mysterio}} |- |{{sortname|Tonga|Loa}} || 1 || colspan=2|63 |- !36 |{{sortname|Solo|Sikoa}} || 1 || colspan=2|56 |- !rowspan=2|37 |{{sortname|Dash|Wilder|Cash Wheeler}} || rowspan=2|1 || colspan=2 rowspan=2|54 |- |{{sortname|Scott|Dawson|Dax Harwood}} |- !39 |{{sortname|John|Morrison|dab=wrestler}} || 1 || colspan=2|50 |- !rowspan=2|40 |{{sortname|Alex|Shelley}} || rowspan=2|1 || rowspan=2 colspan=2|42 |- |{{sortname|Chris|Sabin}} |- !rowspan=2|42 |{{sortname|Bray|Wyatt}} ||rowspan=2|1 || colspan=2 rowspan=2|23 |- |{{sortname|Randy|Orton}} |- !rowspan=4|44 |{{sortname|Jacob|Fatu}} || 1 || colspan="2" |21 |- |{{sortname|Jeff|Hardy}} ||rowspan=2|1 || rowspan=2|21 ||rowspan=2|20 |- |{{sortname|Matt|Hardy}} |- |{{sortname|Shane|McMahon}} |1 | colspan=2|21 |- !48 |{{sortname|Cody|Rhodes}} || 1 || colspan=2|9 |- |} == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == Other websites == * [http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/wwe-tag-team-championship Official WWE Tag Team Title History] {{WWE Championships}} [[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships]] [[Category:2016 establishments]] jug7wz1wwcz1jbozb5kb61653amh3y1 0 591431 10882683 10879133 2026-06-09T21:44:27Z NX3710 1629609 /* */ 10882683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Chitral | native_name = {{Nastaliq|چترال}} | native_name_lang = ur | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[town]] | image_skyline = File:Ataliq bazaar.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = Ataliq bazaar | pushpin_map = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Chitral | coordinates = {{coord|35|50|46|N|71|47|09|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Pakistan]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Pakistan|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Pakistan|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Chitral District]] | leader_title = MNA ([[NA-1 Upper Chitral-cum-Lower Chitral|NA-1]]) | leader_name = Mr. Abdul Latif (SIC)<ref>{{cite web|title=Personal Profile|url=https://www.na.gov.pk/en/mna_list.php?list=khyber|website=na.gov.pk|publisher=National Assembly of Pakistan|access-date=24 October 2023|language=en}}</ref> | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | government_type = | governing_body = MNA | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = <ref>https://ppaspk.org/index.php/PPAS-A/article/download/1098/647&ved=2ahUKEwivnKW2xY6CAxWOTKQEHaR_A_8QFnoECDgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0U6E7LOxiIau4JySUVla4z{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 13 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1500 | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = [[Chitrali peoples|Chitrali]]s | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[Urdu language|Urdu]] | demographics1_title2 = Native | demographics1_info2 = [[Chitrali language]] | timezone1 = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = 17200 | area_code = | registration_plate = | website = {{URL|chitral.gov.pk}} | footnotes = }} '''Chitral''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|چترال}}}}, is the main [[town]] of the [[Chitral District]] in [[Pakistan]]. It is on the western bank of the [[Chitral River]]. It has a population of 20,000. [[Chitrali language]] is native language. It has total area size of 13 square kilometers. == History == Chitral has for millennia been an important point on the trade routes from northern Afghanistan (ancient [[Bactria]]) and the [[Tarim Basin]] to the plains of [[Gandhara]] (in northern Pakistan), and the region near [[Jalalabad]], in eastern Afghanistan. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Wikivoyage|Chitral}} {{Commons category|Chitral}} * {{Official website|http://www.chitral.gov.pk/}} [[Category:Chitral| ]] {{Asia-stub}} 2snge3oat8n1dddl2fitif86d787da4 0 592523 10882910 10880323 2026-06-10T03:56:13Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Phagu_Chauhan_2023_(cropped).jpg|Phagu_Chauhan_2023_(cropped).jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = Governor of Bihar | insignia = Seal of Bihar.svg | insigniasize = 120 | insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Bihar]] | incumbent = Syed Ata Hasnain | image = | imagesize = 180 | incumbentsince = 14 March 2026 | style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] | residence = [[Lok Bhavan (Bihar)|Lok Bhavan, Patna, Bihar]] | termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]] | appointer = [[President of India]] | formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1947|08|15}} | inaugural = [[Jairamdas Daulatram]] | website = {{URL|http://governor.bih.nic.in}} | body = }} The Governor of Bihar is a head and representative of the President of India in the state of [[Bihar]]. The Governor is appointed by the [[President of India|President]] for a time of 5 years. ==Governors of Bihar (1947{{ndash}}present)== ;Legend *{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office *{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred *{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed ;Color key *{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;" ! rowspan="2"| # ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait ! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state ! colspan="3"| Tenure in office ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President) |- ! style="width:7em"| From ! style="width:7em"| To ! style="width:5em"| Time in office |- ! 1 | [[File:Jairamdas Daulatram 1985 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Jairamdas Daulatram]]'''<br/>{{small|(1891{{ndash}}1979}} | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|15 August}}<br/>1947 | {{small|11 January}}<br/>1948 | '''{{ayd|15 Aug 1947|11 Jan 1948}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Lord Mountbatten]]<br/>{{small|(Governor-General)}} |- ! 2 | [[File:Madhav Shrihari Aney 2011 stamp of India.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Madhav Shrihari Aney]]'''<br/>{{small|(1880{{ndash}}1968)}} | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|12 January}}<br/>1948 | {{small|14 June}}<br/>1952 | '''{{ayd|12 Jan 1948|14 Jun 1952}}''' |- ! 3 | [[File:R.R DIVAKAR.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ranganath Ramachandra Diwakar|R. R. Diwakar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1894{{ndash}}1990)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|15 June}}<br/>1952 | {{small|5 July}}<br/>1957 | '''{{ayd|15 Jun 1952|5 Jul 1957}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Rajendra Prasad]] |- ! 4 | [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Zakir Husain]]'''<br/>{{small|(1897{{ndash}}1969)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|6 July}}<br/>1957 | {{small|11 May}}<br/>1962{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to become the [[Vice President of India]]}} | '''{{ayd|6 Jul 1957|11 May 1962}}''' |- ! 5 | [[File:M.A. Ayyangar.jpg|70px]] | '''[[M. A. Ayyangar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1891{{ndash}}1978)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|12 May}}<br/>1962 | {{small|6 December}}<br/>1967 | '''{{ayd|12 May 1962|6 Dec 1967}}''' |- ! 6 | | '''[[Nityanand Kanungo]]'''<br/>{{small|(1900{{ndash}}1988)}} | [[Orissa]] | {{small|7 December}}<br/>1967 | {{small|20 January}}<br/>1971 | '''{{ayd|7 Dec 1967|20 Jan 1971}}''' | [[Zakir Husain]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Ujjal Narayan Sinha]]'''<br/>{{small|Chief Justice, Patna High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Bihar]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|21 January}}<br/>1971 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|31 January}}<br/>1971 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|21 Jan 1971|31 Jan 1971}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 7 | [[File:Dev Kant Baruah.jpg|70px]] | '''[[D. K. Barooah|Dev Kant Barooah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1914{{ndash}}1996)}} | [[Assam]] | {{small|1 February}}<br/>1971 | {{small|4 February}}<br/>1973 | '''{{ayd|1 Feb 1971|4 Feb 1973}}''' |- ! 8 | [[File:R. D. Bhandare Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare]]'''<br/>{{small|(1916{{ndash}}1988)}} | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|4 February}}<br/>1973 | {{small|15 June}}<br/>1976{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]}} | '''{{ayd|4 Feb 1973|15 Jun 1976}}''' |- ! 9 | [[File:Jagannath Kaushal Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Jagannath Kaushal]]'''<br/>{{small|(1915{{ndash}}2001)}} | [[Chandigarh]] | {{small|16 June}}<br/>1976 | {{small|31 January}}<br/>1979 | '''{{ayd|16 Jun 1976|31 Jan 1979}}''' | [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[K.B.N. Singh|Krishna Ballabh Narayan Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}1999)<br/>Chief Justice, Patna High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Bihar]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|31 January}}<br/>1979 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|19 September}}<br/>1979 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|31 Jan 1979|19 Sep 1979}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] |- ! 10 | [[File:A. R. Kidwai in 2009 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2016)}} | [[Delhi]] | {{small|20 September}}<br/>1979 | {{small|15 March}}<br/>1985 | '''{{ayd|20 Sep 1979|15 Mar 1985}}''' |- ! 11 | [[File:Pendekanti Venkatasubbaiah Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Pendekanti Venkatasubbaiah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1983)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|15 March}}<br/>1985 | {{small|25 February}}<br/>1988{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Karnataka]]}} | '''{{ayd|15 Mar 1985|25 Feb 1988}}''' | [[Zail Singh]] |- ! 12 | [[File:Govind Narayan Singh portrait.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Govind Narayan Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1920{{ndash}}2005)}} | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | {{small|26 February}}<br/>1988 | {{small|24 January}}<br/>1989{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|26 Feb 1988|24 Jan 1989}}''' | rowspan="10"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Dipak Kumar Sen]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1927)<br/>Chief Justice, Patna High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[West Bengal]] | {{small|24 January}}<br/>1989 | {{small|28 January}}<br/>1989 | '''{{ayd|24 Jan 1989|28 Jan 1989}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:R. D. Pradhan.jpg|70px]] | '''[[R. D. Pradhan]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(1928{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|29 January}}<br/>1989 | {{small|2 March}}<br/>1989 | '''{{ayd|29 Jan 1989|2 Mar 1989}}''' |- ! 13 | [[File:Jagannath Pahadia.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Jagannath Pahadia]]'''<br/>{{small|(1932{{ndash}}2021)}} | [[Rajasthan]] | {{small|3 March}}<br/>1989 | {{small|2 February}}<br/>1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|3 Mar 1989|2 Feb 1990}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Gangadhar Ganesh Sohani]]'''<br/>{{small|Chief Justice, Patna High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | {{small|2 February}}<br/>1990 | {{small|16 February}}<br/>1990 | '''{{ayd|2 Feb 1990|16 Feb 1990}}''' |- ! 14 | [[File:Mohammad Yunus Saleem Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Mohammad Yunus Saleem]]'''<br/>{{small|(1912{{ndash}}2004)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|16 February}}<br/>1990 | {{small|30 December}}<br/>1990 | '''{{ayd|16 Feb 1990|30 Dec 1990}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:B. Satya Narayan Reddy portrait.jpg|70px]] | '''[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2012)<br/>Governor of Uttar Pradesh}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|30 December}}<br/>1990 | {{small|8 January}}<br/>1991 | '''{{ayd|30 Dec 1990|8 Jan 1991}}''' |- ! 14 | [[File:Mohammad Yunus Saleem Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Mohammad Yunus Saleem]]'''<br/>{{small|(1912{{ndash}}2004)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|9 January}}<br/>1991 | {{small|13 February}}<br/>1991{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|9 Jan 1991|13 Feb 1991}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:B. Satya Narayan Reddy portrait.jpg|70px]] | '''[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2012)<br/>Governor of Uttar Pradesh}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|14 February}}<br/>1991 | {{small|18 March}}<br/>1991 | '''{{ayd|14 Feb 1991|18 Mar 1991}}''' |- ! 15 | [[File:Mohammad Shafi Qureshi, Governor of Madhya Pradesh (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Mohammad Shafi Qureshi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2016)}} | [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] | {{small|19 March}}<br/>1991 | {{small|13 August}}<br/>1993{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]}} | '''{{ayd|19 Mar 1991|13 Aug 1993}}''' |- ! (10) | [[File:A. R. Kidwai in 2009 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2016)}} | [[Delhi]] | {{small|14 August}}<br/>1993 | {{small|26 April}}<br/>1998 | '''{{ayd|14 Aug 1993|26 Apr 1998}}''' | [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] |- ! 16 | [[File:Sunder Singh Bhandari Rajya Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Sunder Singh Bhandari]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}2005)}} | [[Rajasthan]] | {{small|27 April}}<br/>1998 | {{small|15 March}}<br/>1999{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Gujarat]]}} | '''{{ayd|27 Apr 1998|15 Mar 1999}}''' | rowspan="4"| [[K. R. Narayanan]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[B.M. Lal|Brij Mohan Lal]]'''<br/>{{small|(1937{{ndash}}2001)<br/>Chief Justice, Patna High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Delhi]] | {{small|15 March}}<br/>1999 | {{small|5 October}}<br/>1999 | '''{{ayd|15 Mar 1999|5 Oct 1999}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Suraj Bhan in 2004.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Suraj Bhan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2006)<br/>Governor of Uttar Pradesh}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Haryana]] | {{small|6 October}}<br/>1999 | {{small|22 November}}<br/>1999 | '''{{ayd|6 Oct 1999|22 Nov 1999}}''' |- ! 17 | [[File:Vinod Chandra Pande.jpg|70px]] | '''[[V. C. Pande|Vinod Chandra Pande]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(1938{{ndash}}2005)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|23 November}}<br/>1999 | {{small|12 June}}<br/>2003{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Arunachal Pradesh]]}} | '''{{ayd|23 Nov 1999|12 Jun 2003}}''' |- ! 18 | [[File:Rama Jois.jpg|70px]] | {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br/>'''[[Rama Jois|Mandagadde Rama Jois]]'''<br/>{{small|(1931{{ndash}}2021)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|12 June}}<br/>2003 | {{small|31 October}}<br/>2004{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|12 Jun 2003|31 Oct 2004}}''' | rowspan="5"| [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Ved Marwah (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ved Marwah]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(1934{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Jharkhand}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Delhi]] | {{small|1 November}}<br/>2004 | {{small|4 November}}<br/>2004 | '''{{ayd|1 Nov 2004|4 Nov 2004}}''' |- ! 19 | [[File:Buta Singh at DJ Sheizwoods house (11) (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Buta Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2021)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|5 November}}<br/>2004 | {{small|29 January}}<br/>2006{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|5 Nov 2004|29 Jan 2006}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Gopalkrishna Gandhi - Chatham House 2010 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1945)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Delhi]] | {{small|31 January}}<br/>2006 | {{small|21 June}}<br/>2006 | '''{{ayd|31 Jan 2006|21 Jun 2006}}''' |- ! 20 | [[File:R. S. Gavai.jpg|70px]] | '''[[R. S. Gavai]]'''<br/>{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2015)}} | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|22 June}}<br/>2006 | {{small|9 July}}<br/>2008{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=Kerala|Transferred as the [[Governor of Kerala]]}} | '''{{ayd|22 Jun 2006|9 Jul 2008}}''' |- ! 21 | [[File:R. L. Bhatia.jpg|70px]] | '''[[R. L. Bhatia]]'''<br/>{{small|(1920{{ndash}}2021)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|10 July}}<br/>2008 | {{small|28 June}}<br/>2009 | '''{{ayd|10 Jul 2008|28 Jun 2009}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Pratibha Patil]] |- ! 22 | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee attending the Launching Ceremony of Agriculture Road Map of Bihar (2012-2017), at Patna, in Bihar. The Governor of Bihar, Shri Devanand Konwar and the Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Nitish Kumar are also seen (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Devanand Konwar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2020)}} | [[Assam]] | {{small|29 June}}<br/>2009 | {{small|21 March}}<br/>2013{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tripura]]}} | '''{{ayd|29 Jun 2009|21 Mar 2013}}''' |- ! 23 | [[File:Shri D.Y. Patil (cropped, 3x4).jpg|70px]] | '''[[D. Y. Patil]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1935)}} | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|22 March}}<br/>2013 | {{small|26 November}}<br/>2014 | '''{{ayd|22 Mar 2013|26 Nov 2014}}''' | rowspan="4"| [[Pranab Mukherjee]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|70px]] | '''[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2023)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|27 November}}<br/>2014 | {{small|15 August}}<br/>2015 | '''{{ayd|27 Nov 2014|15 Aug 2015}}''' |- ! 24 | [[File:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ram Nath Kovind]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1945)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|16 August}}<br/>2015 | {{small|20 June}}<br/>2017{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to become the [[President of India]]}} | '''{{ayd|16 Aug 2015|20 Jun 2017}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|70px]] | '''[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2023)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|20 June}}<br/>2017 | {{small|29 September}}<br/>2017 | '''{{ayd|20 Jun 2017|29 Sep 2017}}''' |- ! 25 | [[File:The Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, Shri Satya Pal Malik calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 10, 2018 (cropped).JPG|70px]] | '''[[Satya Pal Malik]]'''<br/>{{small|(1946{{ndash}}2025)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|30 September}}<br/>2017 | {{small|22 August}}<br/>2018{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]}} | '''{{ayd|30 Sep 2017|22 Aug 2018}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- ! 26 | [[File:Lalji Tandon (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Lalji Tandon]]'''<br/>{{small|(1935{{ndash}}2020)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|23 August}}<br/>2018 | {{small|28 July}}<br/>2019{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]}} | '''{{ayd|23 Aug 2018|28 Jul 2019}}''' |- ! 27 | | '''[[Phagu Chauhan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1948)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|29 July}}<br/>2019 | {{small|16 February}}<br/>2023{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Meghalaya]]}} | '''{{ayd|29 Jul 2019|16 Feb 2023}}''' |- ! 28 | [[File:Rajendra Arlekar, Governor of Kerala.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Rajendra Arlekar]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1954)}} | [[Goa]] | {{small|17 February}}<br/>2023 | {{small|1 January}}<br/>2025{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=Kerala}} | '''{{ayd|17 Feb 2023|1 Jan 2025}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- ! 29 | [[File:Arif Mohammad Khan (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Arif Mohammad Khan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1951)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|2 January}}<br/>2025 | {{small|14 March}}<br/>2026 | '''{{ayd|2 Jan 2025|14 Mar 2026}}''' |- !43 | |<small>Lieutenant General</small> '''Syed Ata Hasnain''' <small>(born 1953)</small> | [[Uttarakhand]] | {{small|14 March}}<br/>2026 |''Incumbent'' |'''{{ayd|14 Mar 2026}}''' |} {{div col|colwidth=35em}} {{reflist|group=lower-greek}} {{div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Governors of Bihar| ]] [[Category:Bihar-related lists|governors]] [[Category:Lists of governors|Bihar]] [[Category:Lists of Indian politicians|Bihar governors]] i09jp4eisrcsn5apy7j4acqnghdkbg2 0 592532 10882926 10815195 2026-06-10T04:26:44Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg|Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} The following is the list of Governors of States in [[India]]. == List == The following list consists of the list of the current governors of all the Indian states. {|class="wikitable sortable" ! State ! List ! Portrait ! Governor ! Took office ! Term length ! Appointer |- | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|List]] | [[File:The Governor of Andhra Pradesh, Shri Justice (Retd.) S. Abdul Nazeer called on the President of India.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Syed Abdul Nazeer]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|24}} | {{ayd|2023|2|24}} | rowspan="6"| [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- | [[Arunachal Pradesh]] | [[List of governors of Arunachal Pradesh|List]] | [[File:Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik in 2023.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|16}} | {{ayd|2023|2|16}} |- | [[Assam]] | [[List of governors of Assam|List]] | [[File:Lakshman Prasad Acharya (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Lakshman Acharya]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|30}} | {{ayd|2024|7|30}} |- | [[Bihar]] | [[List of governors of Bihar|List]] | | '''[[Syed Ata Hasnain]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|14}} | {{ayd|2026|3|14}} |- | [[Chhattisgarh]] | [[List of governors of Chhattisgarh|List]] | [[File:Ramen_Deka_with_President_Murmu_(cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ramen Deka]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}} | {{ayd|2024|7|31}} |- | [[Goa]] | [[List of governors of Goa|List]] | [[File:The Union Minister for Civil Aviation, Shri Ashok Gajapathi Raju Pusapati, in New Delhi on June 30, 2016.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ashok Gajapathi Raju]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|26}} | {{ayd|2025|7|26}} |- | [[Gujarat]] | [[List of governors of Gujarat|List]] | [[File:Acharya Dev Vrat, Governor of Gujarat in 2022 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Acharya Dev Vrat]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|22}} | {{ayd|2019|7|22}} | [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- | [[Haryana]] | [[List of governors of Haryana|List]] | [[File:Ashim Kumar Ghosh.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ashim Kumar Ghosh]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|7|21}} | {{ayd|2025|7|21}} | rowspan="3"| [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- | [[Himachal Pradesh]] | [[List of governors of Himachal Pradesh|List]] | [[File:Kavinder Gupta 2025 portrait.jpg|91x91px]] |'''[[Kavinder Gupta]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|10}} | {{ayd|2026|3|10}} |- | [[Jharkhand]] | [[List of governors of Jharkhand|List]] | [[File:Santosh Kumar Gangwar (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Santosh Kumar Gangwar]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|31}} | {{ayd|2024|07|31}} |- | [[Karnataka]] | [[List of governors of Karnataka|List]] | [[File:Thawar_Chand_Gehlot.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Thawar Chand Gehlot]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|11}} | {{ayd|2021|7|11}} | [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- | [[Kerala]] | [[List of governors of Kerala|List]] | [[File:Rajendra Arlekar, Governor of Kerala.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Rajendra Arlekar]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|1|2}} | {{ayd|2025|1|2}} | [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | [[List of governors of Madhya Pradesh|List]] | [[File:Mangubhai Patel MP Governor (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Mangubhai C. Patel]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2021|7|08}} | {{ayd|2021|7|08}} | [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- | [[Maharashtra]] | [[List of governors of Maharashtra|List]] | [[File:Jishnu Dev Varma, Governor of Telangana (cropped).jpg|96x96px]] | '''[[Jishnu Dev Varma]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|11}} | {{ayd|2026|3|11}} | rowspan="12"| [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- | [[Manipur]] | [[List of governors of Manipur|List]] | [[File:Ajay Bhalla in 2025 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ajay Kumar Bhalla]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}} | {{ayd|2025|01|03}} |- | [[Meghalaya]] | [[List of governors of Meghalaya|List]] | [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|70px]] | '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|07|30}} | {{ayd|2024|07|30}} |- | [[Mizoram]] | [[List of governors of Mizoram|List]] | [[File:VK Singh.jpg|70px]] | '''[[V. K. Singh]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|16}} | {{ayd|2025|01|16}} |- | [[Nagaland]] | [[List of governors of Nagaland|List]] | [[File:Governor of Nagaland Nand Kishor Yadav.jpg|82x82px]] | '''[[Nand Kishore Yadav]]''' | 13 March 2026 | {{ayd|2026|03|13}} |- | [[Odisha]] | [[List of governors of Odisha|List]] | | '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu|Hari Babu Kambhampati]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2025|01|03}} | {{ayd|2025|01|03}} |- | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | [[List of governors of Punjab, India|List]] | [[File:Gulab Chand Kataria (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Gulab Chand Kataria]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}} | {{ayd|2024|7|31}} |- | [[Rajasthan]] | [[List of governors of Rajasthan|List]] | [[File:Haribhau Bagade (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Haribhau Bagade]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}} | {{ayd|2024|7|31}} |- | [[Sikkim]] | [[List of governors of Sikkim|List]] | [[File:Om Prakash Mathur, 18th Governer of Sikkim.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Om Prakash Mathur]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2024|7|31}} | {{ayd|2024|7|31}} |- | [[Tamil Nadu]] | [[List of governors of Tamil Nadu|List]] | [[File:Rajendra Arlekar, Governor of Kerala.jpg|87x87px]] | '''[[Rajendra Arlekar]]''' <small>'''''(additional charge)'''''</small> | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|03|12}} | {{ayd|2026|03|12}} |- | [[Telangana]] | [[List of governors of Telangana|List]] | [[File:Shivpratap Shukla.jpg|92x92px]] | '''[[Shiv Pratap Shukla]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|03|11}} | {{ayd|2026|03|11}} |- | [[Tripura]] | [[List of governors of Tripura|List]] | [[File:Indrasena Reddy.jpg|70px]] | '''[[N. Indrasena Reddy]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|26}} | {{ayd|2023|10|26}} |- | [[Uttarakhand]] | [[List of governors of Uttarakhand|List]] | [[File:GurmitSingh (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Gurmit Singh (general)|Gurmit Singh]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2021|9|15}} | {{ayd|2021|9|15}} | rowspan="2"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|List]] | [[File:Anandiben Patel in 2022 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Anandiben Patel]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2019|7|29}} | {{ayd|2019|7|29}} |- | [[West Bengal]] | [[List of governors of West Bengal|List]] | [[File:R. N. Ravi.jpg|129x129px]] | '''[[R. N. Ravi]]''' | {{dts|format=dmy|2026|3|12}} | {{ayd|2026|3|12}} | [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- |} {{Reflist|20em}} [[Category:State Governors of India|*]] [[Category:Government of India|*]] 1a26la41s6mr5kgy6orne2dkturh4nl 0 593471 10882514 10834380 2026-06-09T18:44:11Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ty Hardin 1958.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Hardin in 1958]] '''Orton'''<ref name="Halliwell1979">{{Cite book|author=Leslie Halliwell|title=Halliwell's Teleguide|date=September 1979|publisher=Granada|page=132}}</ref> or '''Orison<ref name="Inc1958">{{Cite magazine|author=Time Inc|title=Life|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_FVYEAAAAMBAJ|date=September 1, 1958|publisher=Time Inc|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_FVYEAAAAMBAJ/page/n21 24]|issn=0024-3019}}</ref> Whipple Hungerford Jr.''',<ref>{{Cite book|title=John Willis' Screen World|url=https://archive.org/details/screenworld19860037will|date=1986|publisher=Crown Publishers|isbn=978-0-517-56257-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/screenworld19860037will/page/226 226]}}</ref> known as '''Ty Hardin''' (January 1, 1930 – August 3, 2017) was a former [[Americans|American]] [[actor]]. He was born in [[New York City]]. Hardin was best known as the star of the [[1958 in television|1958]] to [[1962 in television|1962]] [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]/[[Warner Brothers Television|Warner Brothers]] [[Western (genre)|western]] [[television series]] ''[[Bronco (TV series)|Bronco]]''. Hardin died in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] on August 3, 2017 at the age of 87.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://br.blastingnews.com/tv-famosos/2017/08/morreu-o-ator-ty-hardin-astro-da-serie-de-tv-bronco-001907975.html |title=Morreu o ator Ty Hardin, astro da série de TV Bronco |access-date=2017-08-05 |archive-date=2017-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805220737/http://br.blastingnews.com/tv-famosos/2017/08/morreu-o-ator-ty-hardin-astro-da-serie-de-tv-bronco-001907975.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Ty Hardin}} * [http://tyhardin.net Ty Hardin official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430133315/http://tyhardin.net/ |date=2011-04-30 }} * {{IMDb name|id=0362249|name=Ty Hardin}} * [http://www.briansdriveintheater.com/tyhardin.html Ty Hardin at Brian's Drive-In Theater] * [http://www.elvis2001.net/Ty%20Hardin.htm Ty Hardin interview with Joe Krein] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716043720/http://www.elvis2001.net/Ty%20Hardin.htm |date=2018-07-16 }} * [http://www.classicaustraliantv.com/Riptide1.htm ''Riptide'' Australian TV series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430114906/http://www.classicaustraliantv.com/Riptide1.htm |date=2019-04-30 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hardin, Ty}} [[Category:1930 births]] [[Category:2017 deaths]] [[Category:American movie actors]] [[Category:American television actors]] [[Category:Actors from New York City]] {{US-actor-stub}} 46sz5gy2l82ktjgww1lwzcitsg0l7zg 0 601301 10882733 10226694 2026-06-09T23:31:48Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = Valdivia Province | official_name = | native_name = Provincia de Valdivia | native_name_lang = es | settlement_type = [[Provinces of Chile|Province of Chile]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | nickname = | image_seal = Logotipo de la Gobernación de Valdivia.svg | motto = | image_map = Provincia de Valdivia.svg | mapsize = 175px | map_alt = Location in the Los Ríos Region | map_caption = Valdivia, in red, in the Los Ríos Region | pushpin_map = Chile | pushpin_map_narrow = yes | pushpin_mapsize = <!--omit "px"--> | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chile | coordinates = {{coord|39|45|S|72|30|W|type:adm2nd_region:CL-LR|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Chile}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Chile|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Los Ríos Region|Los Ríos]] | parts_type = [[Communes of Chile|Comunas]] | parts_style = para | parts = [[#Administration|See list]] | p1 = | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = [[Capital city|Capital]] | seat = [[Valdivia]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[Province|Provincial]] | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Governor]] | leader_name = Patricia Morano Büchner<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gobernacionvaldivia.gov.cl/curriculum/ | title=Conozca a la Gobernadora |language=es |access-date=15 October 2017 |publisher=Gobernación Provincial de Valdivia }}</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref name="ineDPA">{{cite web |url=http://www.inelosrios.cl/archivos/files/pdf/DPA/dpa_losrios.pdf |title=Región de Los Ríos |format=PDF |access-date=15 October 2017 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas |date=2007 |archive-date=20 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520070526/http://www.inelosrios.cl/archivos/files/pdf/DPA/dpa_losrios.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 10197.2 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = <ref name="ineDPA" /> | population_total = 259243 | population_as_of = 2002 Census | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | timezone = [[Time in Chile|CLT]] | utc_offset = -4 | timezone_DST = [[Time in Chile|CLST]] | utc_offset_DST = -3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = [http://www.gobernacionvaldivia.gov.cl/ Government of Valdivia] | footnotes = }} The '''Valdivia Province''' ({{lang-es|Provincia de Valdivia}}) is one of the two [[Provinces of Chile|provinces]] in the [[Chile]]an [[Regions of Chile|region]] of [[Los Ríos Region|Los Ríos]] (XIV). The [[Capital city|capital]] of the province, and of the region, is the city of [[Valdivia]]. ==Geography== The Valdivia province is in the northern half of the Los Ríos region with an area of {{Convert|10197.2|sqmi|abbr=on }}.<ref name="ineDPA" /> The capital, [[Valdivia]], is in the western part of the province. Valdivia is bordered to the north by the [[Cautín Province|Cautín]] province ([[Araucanía Region|La Araucanía]] region), to the east by [[Argentina]], to the south by the [[El Ranco Province|El Ranco]] province and to the west by the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The main [[river]] in the province is the ''Valdivia'' river. === Climate === The climate of the Valdivia province, in the city of [[Valdivia]], is an [[oceanic climate]], '''Cfb''' (Marine West Coast Climate) in the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The [[average]] temperature for the year in Valdivia is {{Convert|12.3|°C|°F }}. The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of {{Convert|17|°C|°F }}. The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of {{Convert|8|°C|°F }}. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Valdivia is {{Convert|2489|mm|in|1|abbr=on }}. The month with the most precipitation on average is June with {{Convert|414|mm|in|1|abbr=on }} of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of {{Convert|65|mm|in|1|abbr=on }}.<ref name="clima">{{cite web |url = http://www.valdivia.climatemps.com/ |title = Valdivia Climate & Temperature |publisher = Climatemps.com |access-date = 16 October 2017 |archive-date = 20 June 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170620205419/http://www.valdivia.climatemps.com/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Population== {{As of|2002}} (last national [[census]]), there were 259,243 people living in the province, giving it a [[population density]] of {{Pop density|259243|10197.2|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} inhabitants/km².<ref name="ineDPA" /> The [[urban]] population was 192,066 persons ({{Percentage|192066|259243}} of the total population). The largest city of the province, in 2002, is its capital, [[Valdivia]], with 127,750 inhabitants. ==Administration== As a [[province]], Valdivia is a second-level [[administrative division]], consisting of 8 [[Communes of Chile|communes]] (''comunas''). The city of [[Valdivia]] serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a [[governor]]. {{Image label begin|image=Provincias de Los Ríos.svg|width=350|float=none}} {{Image label small|x=0.7|y=0.24857143|scale=350|text=[[Panguipulli, Chile|Panguipulli]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.68857145|y=0.49142858|scale=350|text=[[Futrono, Chile|Futrono]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.49142858|y=0.7171429|scale=350|text=[[Río Bueno, Chile|Río Bueno]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.63714284|y=0.6314286|scale=350|text=[[Lago Ranco, Chile|Lago Ranco]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.21428572|y=0.5657143|scale=350|text=[[La Unión, Chile|La Unión]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.17142858|y=0.44|scale=350|text=[[Corral, Chile|Corral]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.37142858|y=0.47142857|scale=350|text=[[Paillaco]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.22857143|y=0.34|scale=350|text=[[Valdivia]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.37714285|y=0.26|scale=350|text=[[Máfil]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.47428572|y=0.15142857|scale=350|text=[[Lanco, Chile|Lanco]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.2742857|y=0.16571428|scale=350|text=[[San José de la Mariquina|Mariquina]]}} {{Image label small|x=0.47428572|y=0.35714287|scale=350|text=[[Los Lagos, Chile|Los Lagos]]}} {{Image label end}} {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" |+ Valdivia province ! Code ! [[Commune|Comuna]] ! [[Capital city|Capital]] ! Area<ref name="ineDPA" /><br><small>(km²)</small> ! Population<ref name="ineDPA" /><br/><small>(2002)</small> ! Density |- | 14101 | Valdivia | [[Valdivia]] | align="right" | 1,015.6 | align="right" | 140,559 | align="right" | {{Pop density|140559|1015.6|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14102 | Corral | [[Corral, Chile|Corral]] | align="right" | 766.7 | align="right" | 5,463 | align="right" | {{Pop density|5463|766.7|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14103 | Lanco | [[Lanco, Chile|Lanco]] | align="right" | 532.4 | align="right" | 15,107 | align="right" | {{Pop density|15107|532.4|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14104 | Los Lagos | [[Los Lagos, Chile|Los Lagos]] | align="right" | 1,791.2 | align="right" | 20,168 | align="right" | {{Pop density|20168|1791.2|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14105 | Máfil | [[Máfil]] | align="right" | 582.7 | align="right" | 7,213 | align="right" | {{Pop density|7213|582.7|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14106 | Mariquina | [[San José de la Mariquina|Mariquina]] | align="right" | 1,320.5 | align="right" | 18,223 | align="right" | {{Pop density|18223|1320.5|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14107 | Paillaco | [[Paillaco]] | align="right" | 896.0 | align="right" | 19,237 | align="right" | {{Pop density|19237|896|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | 14108 | Panguipulli | [[Panguipulli, Chile|Panguipulli]] | align="right" | 3,292.1 | align="right" | 33,273 | align="right" | {{Pop density|33273|3292.1|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |- | colspan=3 align="right" | '''Total of Valdivia province''' | align="right" | 10,197.2 | align="right" | 259,243 | align="right" | {{Pop density|259243|10197.2|km2|prec=1|disp=num}} |} ==Related pages== * [[Provinces of Chile]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/territorio/division_politico_administrativa/pdf/DPA_COMPLETA.pdf Territorial division of Chile] {{in lang|es}} * [http://www.goredelosrios.cl/ Gobierno Regional de Los Ríos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204213546/http://www.goredelosrios.cl/ |date=2013-12-04 }} Official website {{in lang|es}} * [http://www.gobernacionvaldivia.gov.cl/ Province of Valdivia website] {{in lang|es}} [[Category:Provinces of Chile]] [[Category:Los Ríos Region]] hom1iatjcinuevlzx3zum9rw7glmvfa 14 643778 10882589 6160181 2026-06-09T20:02:15Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:Accidental deaths in the United States]]; added [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois|Chicago]] 4nh68imt20z75b41inkpreyx93r4wnr 0 651031 10882757 7041732 2026-06-10T00:03:33Z ~2026-34171-39 1819390 Missing period at the end of a sentence 10882757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Dinadan''' is a legendary [[fictional character|character]] in the [[King Arthur]] stories. He is one of the [[Knights of the Round Table]]. His father is King Camdore. His brothers are [[Percival]], Bor, and Aglovale. His cousin is Sir Pinel le Savage. Dinadan was once stuffed in a dress by [[Lancelot]], and paraded around the room. Everyone enjoyed this, including Dinadan. Dinadan was known for his fear, fiery temper and sense of humor, and fought off thirty knights on at least two occasions. [[Thomas Malory]] refers to him as Arthur's third best knight, only lower than [[Lancelot]] and [[Tristan]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Dinadan}} [[Category:Arthurian legend]] [[Category:Fictional knights]] [[Category:Characters in written fiction]] kd3elncrrocsdadmjcyp5yxndkoy70r 0 652734 10882631 10701612 2026-06-09T20:44:48Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Tim Walz | image = Governor Tim Walz 2026.jpg | caption = Walz in 2026 | order = 41st [[Governor of Minnesota]] | lieutenant = [[Peggy Flanagan]] | term_start = January 7, 2019 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Mark Dayton]] | successor = | office1 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs|House Veterans' Affairs Committee]] | term_start1 = January 3, 2017 | term_end1 = January 3, 2019 | predecessor1 = [[Mark Takano]] (acting) | successor1 = [[Phil Roe (politician)|Phil Roe]] | state2 = [[Minnesota]] | district2 = {{ushr|MN|1|1st}} | term_start2 = January 3, 2007 | term_end2 = January 3, 2019 | predecessor2 = [[Gil Gutknecht]] | successor2 = [[Jim Hagedorn]] | birth_name = Timothy James Walz | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|4|6}} | birth_place = [[West Point, Nebraska|West Point]], [[Nebraska]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Gwen Walz|Gwen Whipple]]|1994}} | children = 2 | education = [[Chadron State College]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br />[[Minnesota State University, Mankato]] ([[Master of Science|MS]]) | signature = TimWalzSignature.svg | allegiance = {{flag|United States|}} | branch = {{tree list}} * [[United States Army]] ** [[:en:Nebraska Army National Guard|Nebraska Army National Guard]] ** [[:en:Minnesota Army National Guard|Minnesota Army National Guard]] {{tree list/end}} | unit = [[:en:125th Field Artillery Regiment|1st Battalion, 125th Field Artillery Regiment]]<ref name="US ARMY">{{cite web |first=Linsey |last=Williams |url=https://www.army.mil/article/234854/once_in_the_guard_always_ready_to_serve |title=Once in the Guard, always ready to serve |year=2020 |work=Minnesota National Guard |publisher=[[United States Army]] |access-date=July 27, 2024}}</ref> | serviceyears = 1981–2005 | battles = [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] | rank = [[:en:Command sergeant major|Command sergeant major]]<!-- NOTE: Highest rank attained was CSM; see article body. --> | mawards = {{ubl |[[:en:Commendation Medal|Army Commendation Medal]]| [[:en:Achievement Medal|Army Achievement Medal]]}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Tim Walz ahead of oral arguments in the Supreme Court Janus v. AFSCME case.ogg|title=Walz's voice|type=speech|description=Walz ahead of oral arguments in the Supreme Court ''[[:en:Janus v. AFSCME|Janus v. AFSCME]]'' case.<br/>Recorded February 26, 2018}} }} '''Timothy James Walz''' ({{IPAc-en|w|ɔː|l|z|audio=en-us-Walz.oga}} {{respell|WAWLZ}}; born April 6, 1964) is an American politician, former teacher and retired [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] [[non-commissioned officer]]. Since 2019, he has been serving as the 41st [[governor of Minnesota]]. A member of the [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party]], he was the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for [[Minnesota's 1st congressional district]] from 2007 to 2019. Walz was also the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Vice President of the United States|vice presidential]] nominee in the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]]. Before entering politics, Walz was a history teacher in [[Nebraska]] and [[Minnesota]]. He was part of the [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]] and took part of [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks]]. He was to re-elected to U.S. congress five times before resigning after being elected governor. His political views have been seen as [[progressive]].<ref>{{cite web|date=August 6, 2024|title=How could Tim Walz's political record help and hurt Harris?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/aug/06/tim-walz-vp-beliefs-policies-record|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=August 6, 2024}}</ref> During his first term as governor of Minnesota, Walz was in charge of the state's response to the [[George Floyd protests]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. In his second term, he signed many laws into effect that gave paid time off, made [[cannabis]] legal, increased spending on infrastructure and environmental issues, [[Codification (law)|codifying]] [[Abortion|abortion rights]], universal free school meals, and universal gun background checks.<ref name=":0"/> In July 2024, after President [[Joe Biden]] announced he would be [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|ending his re-election campaign]], Walz was seen as a possible [[running mate]] pick for [[Kamala Harris|Kamala Harris's]] [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]]. In early August 2024, Harris announced she had picked Walz as her running mate. During his last half of his second term as governor, Walz was criticized for his handling of [[2020s Minnesota fraud scandals|several social services fraud scandals]] in the state. As a result, he ended his re-election campaign for a third term as governor in [[2026 Minnesota gubernatorial election|2026]]. ==Early life== [[File:Tim Walz, United States Army, 1981 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|150px|Walz in 1981]] Timothy James Walz was born on April 6, 1964,<ref name="Callaghan">{{Cite news |last1=Jackson |first1=Jazzmine |last2=Callaghan |first2=Peter |date=July 24, 2024 |title=Who is Tim Walz, one of Kamala Harris' top contenders for Vice President? |url=https://www.minnpost.com/national/2024/07/who-is-minnesota-governor-tim-walz-one-of-the-top-contenders-for-vice-president/ |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[MinnPost]] |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806140930/https://www.minnpost.com/national/2024/07/who-is-minnesota-governor-tim-walz-one-of-the-top-contenders-for-vice-president/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in [[West Point, Nebraska]].<ref name=":3"/> His parents were Darlene Rose (''née'' Reiman)<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=August 9, 1955 |title=Butte girl is wed today in church rite |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/norfolk-daily-news/152106629/ |access-date=2024-07-28 |work=Norfolk Daily News |pages=4}}</ref> and James F. Walz.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Coolican |first=J. Patrick |date=October 14, 2018 |title=Tim Walz's campaign for Minnesota governor aiming to bridge the great divide |url=https://www.startribune.com/tim-walz-s-campaign-for-minnesota-governor-aims-to-bridge-the-great-divide/495297961/ |work=Star Tribune |access-date=31 July 2024 |archive-date=18 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118055744/https://www.startribune.com/tim-walz-s-campaign-for-minnesota-governor-aims-to-bridge-the-great-divide/495297961/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Walz and his three siblings grew up in [[Valentine, Nebraska]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Morton |first=Joseph |date=November 8, 2018 |title=Tim Walz, a Nebraska native, elected governor of Minnesota |url=https://omaha.com/news/politics/elections/tim-walz-a-nebraska-native-elected-governor-of-minnesota/article_77f8695f-6344-50c4-a875-4224690ace38.html |access-date=31 July 2024 |work=[[Omaha World-Herald]] }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Bakst |first=Brian |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Minnesota governor hopefuls take small-town roots into big-time showdown |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/10/27/minn-gov-hopefuls-jensen-walz-take-smalltown-roots-into-bigtime-showdown |work=[[Minnesota Public Radio]] |access-date=31 July 2024 }}</ref> His family moved to [[Butte, Nebraska]] while he was in high school because his father was sick with [[lung cancer]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=November 14, 2006 |title=CSC graduate elected to Congress |url=https://www.csc.edu/news/2006/csc-graduate-elected-to-congress.html |work=Chadron State College |access-date=31 July 2024 }}</ref> With his father's support, Walz took part in the [[Army National Guard]] when he turned 17.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> His father had served in the [[Korean War]] and paid for his education degree with the [[G.I. Bill]].<ref name=":6" /> He wanted his son to have the same opportunity.<ref name=":6" /> Overall, Walz served in the National Guard for 24 years after enlisting in 1981.<ref name="Bakst">Brian Bakst, [https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/03/tim-walz-national-guard-career-minnesota-governor-race 'Citizen soldier' Walz honed leadership in uniform] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711142654/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/03/tim-walz-national-guard-career-minnesota-governor-race |date=July 11, 2021 }}, Minnesota Public Radio News (October 3, 2018).</ref> Walz graduated from high school in 1982.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Freedman |first=Samuel G. |date=2007-04-25 |title=Congressman, Teacher, Soldier, and He's Back in Town for a Visit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/25/education/25education.html |access-date=2024-07-28 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> A year later, his father died.<ref name=":3" /> In 1989, he earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] in [[social science]] education from [[Chadron State College]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":8" /> In 1995, he was arrested for a driving while being drunk and stopped drinking ever since.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Racker |first=Mary Ann Akers,Mini |date=2024-08-06 |title=Meet Tim Walz, Harris' VP Pick Who First Called Trump 'Weird' |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/meet-tim-walz-harris-vp-pick-who-first-called-trump-weird |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The Daily Beast |language=en}}</ref> In 2001, Walz earned a [[Master of Science]] from [[Minnesota State University, Mankato]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/65443/tim-walz|title=Tim Walz's Biography|website=[[Vote Smart]]|access-date=September 26, 2022|archive-date=September 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926210828/https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/65443/tim-walz|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Early career== After high school, Walz worked in agriculture and manufacturing, and took part of the [[National Guard (United States)|National Guard]].<ref name=":3" /> He later went to college and got a teaching degree like his father.<ref name=":7" /> After graduating from [[Chadron State College]], he was a teacher for a year in [[China]] where learned to speak some [[Mandarin Chinese]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Friedrichsen |first1=Shaun |last2=Friedrichsen |first2=Kathryn |date=November 22, 2023 |title=Blast From The Past |url=https://alliancetimes.com/blast-from-the-past-november-22-2023/ |work=The Alliance Times-Herald}}</ref> After returning from China, Walz became a teacher and coach in [[Alliance, Nebraska]], where he met his wife, [[Gwen Walz|Gwen Whipple]], a fellow teacher.<ref name=":4" /> He later moved to [[Mankato, Minnesota|Mankato]] in [[Minnesota]],<ref name=":4" /> where he worked as a geography teacher and coach at a local high school.<ref name=":3" /> He coached the football team to its first state championship in 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-08 |title=New Minnesota governor Tim Walz was a state champion football coach at Mankato (Minn.) West HS |url=https://usatodayhss.com/2019/new-minnesota-governor-tim-walz-was-a-state-champion-football-coach-at-mankato-minn-west-hs |access-date=2024-07-27 |first=Cam |last=Smith |website=[[USA Today]] High School Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1999, Walz agreed to be the faculty advisor of the first [[gay-straight alliance]] at Mankato West High School.<ref name=":3" /> Walz and his wife also organized summer educational trips for high school students to China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Case |first=Charles |date=January 30, 2007 |title=The accidental politician |url=https://thehill.com/capital-living/20553-the-accidental-politician/ |work=The Hill}}</ref> Walz went to [[Europe]] as part of the National Guard's mission after the [[September 11 attacks]] for half a year to support [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref name="Bakst" /> Walz volunteered for Senator [[John Kerry|John Kerry's]] [[John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign|2004 presidential campaign]], and was soon hired as the campaign's coordinator for his county as well as a district coordinator of Vets for Kerry.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Spieler |first=Matthew |date=December 21, 2006 |title=The 'Everyman' Image of Rep.-elect Walz |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/cq/2006/12/21/cq_2058.html |magazine=[[CQ Politics]] |location=Washington, DC |access-date=July 30, 2024 |archive-date=April 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409002925/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/cq/2006/12/21/cq_2058.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He was inspired to volunteer in the [[2004 United States presidential election|presidential election]] after he took a group of students to a [[George W. Bush]] rally in [[Mankato, Minnesota|Mankato]], and was mad by the security team questioning one of his students' politics after they saw a Kerry sticker on a student's wallet.<ref name="Callaghan"/> Walz retired as command sergeant major on May 15, 2005.<ref name=":13" /> Several of the non-commissioned officers who worked with Walz later accused him of faking his military rank for political gain and avoided being sent to [[Iraq]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wickenhauser |first1=Lorri |title=VP Pick Tim Walz Accused of 'Stolen Valor' by Former Military Colleagues: 'He Abandoned Us' |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/vp-pick-tim-walz-accused-of-stolen-valor-by-former-military-colleagues-he-abandoned-us/ar-AA1olmZQ |publisher=The Western Journal |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite web |last1=Ingraham |first1=Laura |title=Walz used a military rank he never achieved to advance his political career: Veteran |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcGnT2hmn7g |publisher=Fox News |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Watters |first1=Jesse |title=Member of Walz's battalion: 'He just ditched us' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3S0ZTTD2Q9w |publisher=Fox News |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> ==U.S. House of Representatives== [[File:Tim Walz official photo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Walz in 2013]] Walz announced his candidacy for the [[United States House of Representatives]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Walz stays mum on choice for No. 2 House leader|author=Ed Felker|url=http://www.bluestemprairie.com/a_bluestem_prairie/2006/11/rochester_post__4.html|access-date=November 16, 2006|archive-date=April 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410112359/https://www.bluestemprairie.com/a_bluestem_prairie/2006/11/rochester_post__4.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Joshua |date=2006-01-01 |title=Company, Left |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/01/company-left/304529/ |access-date=2024-07-29 |work=The Atlantic |language=en |issn=2151-9463 |archive-date=July 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729162947/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/01/company-left/304529/ |url-status=live }}</ref> No one ran against him for the [[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party]] (DFL) nomination.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 14, 2006 |title=Vote totals in races for which final results were not available Tuesday night: U.S. Congress |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-tribune-results/152354731/ |work=[[Star Tribune]] |location=Minneapolis, MN |page=B7 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=July 31, 2024 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806132543/https://www.newspapers.com/article/star-tribune-results/152354731/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He beat [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] U.S. Representative [[Gil Gutknecht]] in the general election on November 7, and took office on January 3, 2007.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tim Walz confident about survival|author=James Hohmann|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1010/43583.html|newspaper=Politico|date=October 14, 2010|access-date=August 17, 2012|archive-date=February 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211151100/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1010/43583.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After being sworn-in in 2007, Walz became the highest-ranking retired [[Enlisted rank|enlisted soldier]] ever to serve in Congress.<ref>{{cite web|title=Minnesota Congressman Tim Walz to Deliver Democratic Radio Address|publisher=Tim Walz |url=http://walz.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=56057|access-date=May 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425192002/http://walz.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=56057 |archive-date=April 25, 2007}}</ref> Walz served on the [[United States House Committee on Agriculture|House Agriculture Committee]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Walz, Ellison, get first committee assignments|work=Star Tribune|date=January 8, 2007 |url=http://www.startribune.com/587/story/871432.html|access-date=January 8, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112230218/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/871432.html |archive-date=January 12, 2007}}</ref> [[United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs|Committee on Veterans' Affairs]], and the [[United States House Committee on Armed Services|Armed Services Committee]]. Walz was against President [[George W. Bush|Bush's]] plan to send more soldiers to [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Diaz |first=Kevin |title=Minnesota delegation offers cool response |work=Star Tribune |date=January 8, 2007 |url=http://www.startribune.com/587/story/923881.html |access-date=January 9, 2007}} {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> In his first week as a legislator, Walz cosponsored a bill to raise the [[minimum wage]], voted for [[stem cell]] research and voted to allow [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] to take part in [[pharmacy|pharmaceutical]] prices.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fischenich |first=Mark |title=Walz eager to dig into legislative issues |publisher=Community Newspaper Holdings, Inc. |date=January 7, 2007 |url=http://www.mankatofreepress.com/local/local_story_007001204.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909152817/http://www.mankatofreepress.com/local/local_story_007001204.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 9, 2012 |access-date=January 12, 2007}}</ref> He was also one of the most [[bipartisanship|bipartisan]] members of the House.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/The%20Lugar%20Center%20-%20McCourt%20School%20Bipartisan%20Index%20114th%20Congress%20House%20Scores.pdf|title=The Lugar Center – McCourt School Bipartisan Index|publisher=[[Richard Lugar#The Lugar Center|The Lugar Center]]|date=March 7, 2016|access-date=April 30, 2017|archive-date=April 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412081713/http://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/The%20Lugar%20Center%20-%20McCourt%20School%20Bipartisan%20Index%20114th%20Congress%20House%20Scores.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Even thought he represented a district that had usually voted Republican, some saw Walz's pollical views as moderate to liberal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opencongress.org/states/MN/districts/1 |title=Minnesota's 1st Congressional District |publisher=OpenCongress |access-date=July 12, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917010807/http://www.opencongress.org/states/MN/districts/1 |archive-date=September 17, 2011}}</ref> He voted against the act to Prohibit Federally Funded Abortion Services<ref name="votesmart.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.votesmart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?cs_id=28173&can_id=65443 |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Walz on H Amdt 509 – Prohibiting Federally Funded Abortion Services |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010 |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203112808/https://justfacts.votesmart.org/bills |url-status=live}}</ref> and to advance the [[Affordable Care Act]] out of the House.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.votesmart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?cs_id=28171&can_id=65443 |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Walz on HR 3962 – Health Care and Insurance Law Amendments |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010 |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203112809/https://justfacts.votesmart.org/bills |url-status=live}}</ref> He also voted to continue funding for military operations in [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.votesmart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?cs_id=19238&can_id=65443 |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Walz on HR 2642 – Funding for Military Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010 |archive-date=December 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203112810/https://justfacts.votesmart.org/bills |url-status=live}}</ref> Walz was re-elected in 2008 with 62% of the vote, becoming only the second non-Republican to win a second full term in the district. He won a third term in 2010, with 50% of the vote. He was re-elected again in 2012, 2014, and 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Democrat Tim Walz re-elected to Congress in southern Minnesota, defeating GOP's Jim Hagedorn |work=Star Tribune |date=November 4, 2014 |url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/281552131.html |access-date=November 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108200955/http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/281552131.html |archive-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref> ==Governor of Minnesota== [[File:Vice President Pence at 3M (49651820963).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Walz meeting with Vice President [[Mike Pence]], March 2020]] Walz announced he would run for governor after Governor [[Mark Dayton]] chose not to run for a third term.<ref name= "election">{{cite news |last=Coolican |first=J. Patrick |url=http://www.startribune.com/walz-wins-minnesota-governors-race-extending-dfl-control/499705011/ |title=Tim Walz defeats Jeff Johnson in high-stakes election for Minnesota governor |work=[[Star Tribune]] |date=November 6, 2018 |access-date=November 6, 2018 |archive-date=January 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129135601/http://www.startribune.com/walz-wins-minnesota-governors-race-extending-dfl-control/499705011/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On November 6, 2018, Walz was [[2018 Minnesota gubernatorial election|elected governor]], beating the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee, [[Hennepin County, Minnesota|Hennepin County]] commissioner [[Jeff Johnson (Minnesota politician)|Jeff Johnson]].<ref name= "election"/> Walz ran for re-election in [[2022 Minnesota gubernatorial election|2022]].<ref name = "walz running">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2021/10/19/gov-walz-running-for-reelection|title=Gov. Walz makes it official: He's running for a second term|website=MPR News|date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=December 6, 2021|archive-date=October 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020180823/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2021/10/19/gov-walz-running-for-reelection|url-status=live}}</ref> He beat the Republican nominee [[Scott Jensen (Minnesota politician)|Scott Jensen]], 52.3% to 44.6%, in the November general election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaul |first=Greta |date=2022-11-09 |title=How Walz won Minnesota governor's contest against Jensen in charts |work=[[MinnPost]] |url=https://www.minnpost.com/elections/2022/11/how-walz-won-minnesota-governors-contest-against-jensen-in-charts/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109194020/https://www.minnpost.com/elections/2022/11/how-walz-won-minnesota-governors-contest-against-jensen-in-charts/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-08 |title=Minnesota Governor Election Results |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/08/us/elections/results-minnesota-governor.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109154054/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/08/us/elections/results-minnesota-governor.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Walz was sworn in as governor of Minnesota on January 7, 2019 in Saint Paul. Walz took the oath of with his [[Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota|lieutenant governor]] [[Peggy Flanagan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/01/07/photos-inauguration-day-in-minnesota|title=Photos: The Walz Administration takes oath of office|last=Frost|first=Evan|website=www.mprnews.org|date=January 7, 2019 |access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-date=January 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108032029/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/01/07/photos-inauguration-day-in-minnesota|url-status=live}}</ref> Walz spoke about education and healthcare reform in his inauguration speech.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.startribune.com/tim-walz-to-be-sworn-in-as-minnesota-s-next-governor/503998952 |first=Jessie |last=Van Berkel |title=Tim Walz sworn in as Minnesota's next governor|website=Star Tribune|access-date=January 10, 2019|archive-date=January 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110031430/http://www.startribune.com/tim-walz-to-be-sworn-in-as-minnesota-s-next-governor/503998952/|url-status=live}}</ref> On May 26, 2020, the day after the [[murder of George Floyd]], Walz and Lieutenant Governor Peggy Flanagan wanted justice and called the video of Minneapolis police officer [[Derek Chauvin]] kneeling on [[George Floyd]]'s neck "disturbing".<ref name="WCCO">{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Esme|date=May 26, 2020|title='I Can't Breathe!': Video Of Fatal Arrest Shows Minneapolis Officer Kneeling On George Floyd's Neck For Several Minutes|publisher=[[WCCO-TV]]|url=https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/26/george-floyd-man-dies-after-being-arrested-by-minneapolis-police-fbi-called-to-investigate/|url-status=live|access-date=August 24, 2020|quote=While lying facedown on the road, Floyd repeatedly groans and says he can't breathe.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526170730/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/26/george-floyd-man-dies-after-being-arrested-by-minneapolis-police-fbi-called-to-investigate/|archive-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref> Walz said, "The lack of [[humanity]] in this disturbing video is sickening. We will get answers and seek justice".<ref name="WCCO"/> [[File:Tim Walz — Minnesota State Fair 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Walz at a [[Fair (event)|state fair]], August 2022]] In response to riots in Minnesota, Walz sent in parts of the Minnesota National Guard on May 28, and then the full national guard it on May 30.<ref name=Dale>{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Daniel |date=2020-07-01 |title=Fact check: Minnesota governor, not Trump, called out the National Guard |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/01/politics/fact-check-trump-walz-minnesota-national-guard/index.html |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=July 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714145730/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/01/politics/fact-check-trump-walz-minnesota-national-guard/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> President [[Donald Trump]] reacted well to Walz's actions by saying that he was "very happy" and that he did "fully agree with the way [Walz] handled it … what [the Minnesota National Guard] did in Minneapolis was incredible". Trump called Walz an "excellent guy".<ref>{{cite news |first1=Alayna |last1=Treene |first2=Michael |last2=Williams |first3=Kristen |last3=Holmes |title=Trump in 2020 praised Tim Walz's handling of George Floyd protests |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/07/politics/trump-praised-walz-george-floyd-protests/index.html |access-date=August 9, 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=August 8, 2024 |archive-date=August 9, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809031144/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/07/politics/trump-praised-walz-george-floyd-protests/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Bruggeman |first1=Lucien |first2=Katherine |last2=Faulders |title=Despite new criticism, Trump told Walz in 2020 he was 'very happy' with his handling of George Floyd protests |date=7 August 2024 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/despite-new-criticism-trump-told-walz-2020-happy/story?id=112616502 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=ABC News |language=en |archive-date=August 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808021829/https://abcnews.go.com/US/despite-new-criticism-trump-told-walz-2020-happy/story?id=112616502 |url-status=live }}</ref> Trump also claimed credit for sending the Minnesota National Guard; however Walz's office said Trump had no impact on Walz's decision to send in the Minnesota National Guard.<ref name=Dale/> Walz's first response to the [[George Floyd protests|widespread protests]] following Floyd's murder was criticized by Republicans and other groups.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bierschbach |first1=Briana |title=Gov. Tim Walz laments 'abject failure' of riot response |url=https://www.startribune.com/gov-tim-walz-laments-abject-failure-of-riot-response/570864092/ |access-date=March 30, 2022 |work=Star Tribune |date=May 29, 2020 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172033/https://www.startribune.com/gov-tim-walz-laments-abject-failure-of-riot-response/570864092/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GOP report slams Walz for response to unrest |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/10/13/gop-report-slams-walz-for-response-to-george-floyd-unrest |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=MPR News |date=October 13, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926163532/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/10/13/gop-report-slams-walz-for-response-to-george-floyd-unrest |url-status=live }}</ref> He later responded to the murder by ordering the Minnesota legislature to meet for special sessions on legislation for police reform.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/06/10/walz-set-to-speak-at-3-pm-on-cops-covid19-economy-special-session|title=Walz calls special session on police accountability, bonding|publisher=MPR News|date=June 10, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020|archive-date=June 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611215906/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/06/10/walz-set-to-speak-at-3-pm-on-cops-covid19-economy-special-session|url-status=live}}</ref> After police reform failed to pass the first special session in June,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://knsiradio.com/news/local-news/special-session-ends-no-police-reform-bills|title=SPECIAL SESSION ENDS WITH NO POLICE REFORM BILLS|agency=Associated Press|publisher=KNSI|date=June 21, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020|archive-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623192141/https://knsiradio.com/news/local-news/special-session-ends-no-police-reform-bills|url-status=dead}}</ref> a second special session was held in July.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/20/second-session-second-week|title=Special session enters second week with little accomplished|first=Tim|last=Nelson|publisher=MPR News|date=July 20, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020|archive-date=July 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722190448/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/20/second-session-second-week|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 21, the legislature passed major police reform legislation.<ref name="minnesotareform">{{cite news|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/21/legislature-passes-policing-bill-ends-special-session|title=Legislature passes policing bill, ends special session|first=Brian|last=Bakst|publisher=MPR|date=July 21, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020|archive-date=July 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721112538/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2020/07/21/legislature-passes-policing-bill-ends-special-session|url-status=live}}</ref> Walz signed the legislation into law on July 23, 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.startribune.com/walz-signs-police-accountability-bill-sparked-by-george-floyd-s-death/571875822/|title=Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz signs police accountability bill sparked by George Floyd's death|first=Torey|last=Van Oot|publisher=Star Tribune|date=July 23, 2020|access-date=August 24, 2020|archive-date=July 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200723162957/https://www.startribune.com/walz-signs-police-accountability-bill-sparked-by-george-floyd-s-death/571875822/|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2023, Walz signed a law that increased the pay for people working for [[Uber]] and [[Lyft]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nesterak |first=Max |date=May 25, 2023 |title=Gov. Walz issues first veto, blocks bill setting minimum wage for Uber and Lyft drivers |url=https://minnesotareformer.com/2023/05/25/uber-says-it-will-shut-down-some-services-in-minnesota-if-governor-signs-new-regulations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602000815/https://minnesotareformer.com/2023/05/25/uber-says-it-will-shut-down-some-services-in-minnesota-if-governor-signs-new-regulations/ |archive-date=June 2, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Minnesota Reformer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Olson |first1=Rochelle |last2=Harlow |first2=Tim |date=May 25, 2023 |title=Gov. Walz vetoes rideshare bill, his first veto in five sessions |url=https://www.startribune.com/gov-walz-issues-his-first-veto-bill-would-have-boosted-pay-for-rideshare-drivers/600277811/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605012754/https://www.startribune.com/gov-walz-issues-his-first-veto-bill-would-have-boosted-pay-for-rideshare-drivers/600277811/ |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> That same year, he signed laws into effect that allowed paid time off, made [[cannabis]] legal, increased spending on infrastructure and environmental issues, [[codification (law)|codifying]] [[Abortion|abortion rights]], universal free school meals, and universal gun background checks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Bierschbach |first1=Briana |last2=Tribune |first2=Jessie Van Berkel Star |title=Minnesota Legislature wrapping work on one of the most consequential sessions in state history |url=https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislature-wraps-work-on-one-of-the-most-consequential-sessions-in-state-history-tax/600276542/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521043216/https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-legislature-wraps-work-on-one-of-the-most-consequential-sessions-in-state-history-tax/600276542/ |archive-date=2023-05-21 |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> [[File:Vice President Harris Visits abortion clinic in Saint Paul, Minnesota 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Walz with Vice President [[Kamala Harris]], March 2024]] In late 2023, Walz was named chair of the [[Democratic Governors Association]], where he was in charge of supporting other governors in very competitive races.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Schneider |first=Elena |date=December 3, 2023 |title='Time to Be Bold': Advice for Democrats from a Quietly Powerful Governor |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/12/03/tim-walz-democratic-governors-association-00129318 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804075851/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/12/03/tim-walz-democratic-governors-association-00129318 |archive-date=August 4, 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> He resigned after being selected as Kamala Harris's running mate. [[Governor of Kansas|Kansas Governor]] [[Laura Kelly]] replaced him as chair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://democraticgovernors.org/updates/dga-announces-kansas-governor-laura-kelly-as-chair/|title=DGA Announces Kansas Governor Laura Kelly As Chair|date=August 7, 2024|website=Democratic Governors Association|access-date=August 7, 2024}}</ref> In September 2023, Walz signed the return of parts of Upper Sioux Agency State Park land to the Upper Sioux Community.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2023|title=Upper Sioux Community getting piece of Minnesota back more than a century after ancestors died there|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/granite-falls-land-returned-upper-sioux-communtiy/|access-date=August 26, 2024|website=CBS News |language=en-US |archive-date=August 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240826073414/https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/granite-falls-land-returned-upper-sioux-communtiy/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2023, Walz became the first governor in Minnesota's history to visit all 11 tribal nations in the state.<ref name="mpr23">{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2023|title=Minnesota leadership is on the road to strengthening relationships with tribal nations|first=Melissa |last=Olson |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2023/12/04/time-to-visit-a-simple-act-to-improve-state-relationships-with-tribal-nations|access-date=August 26, 2024|website=MPR News |language=en-US |archive-date=August 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826065336/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2023/12/04/time-to-visit-a-simple-act-to-improve-state-relationships-with-tribal-nations |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2024, five employees of the Minnesota-based [[nonprofit organization|nonprofit]] Feeding Our Future were found guilty of the largest [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID]]-related [[fraud]] [[scheme]]. A Minnesota state [[audit]] report that did not support the Walz administration's handling of the issue revealed that the Minnesota Department of Education failed to be in charge of the nonprofit and perform its due job, which Walz admits and has taken responsibility for.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Clay |last=Masters |date=2024-06-17 |title=Gov. Walz responds to audit critical of administration's handling of Feeding Our Future fraud |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2024/06/17/gov-walz-responds-to-audit-critical-of-administrations-handling-of-feeding-our-future-fraud |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=MPR News |language=en |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806184140/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2024/06/17/gov-walz-responds-to-audit-critical-of-administrations-handling-of-feeding-our-future-fraud |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.auditor.leg.state.mn.us/sreview/pdf/2024-mdefof.pdf |title=Minnesota Department of Education: Oversight of Feeding Our Future: Special Report |date=June 13, 2024 |access-date=7 August 2024 |work=Office of the Legislative Auditor |publisher=State of Minnesota |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724113314/https://www.auditor.leg.state.mn.us/sreview/pdf/2024-mdefof.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |first=Melissa |last=Chan |title=Major failures by Minnesota's Education Department helped lead to largest Covid fraud scheme in the nation, audit says |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/major-failures-minnesotas-education-department-helped-lead-largest-cov-rcna157002 |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=NBC News |language=en |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806180726/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/major-failures-minnesotas-education-department-helped-lead-largest-cov-rcna157002 |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2024, Walz signed the Minnesota Debt Fairness Act.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title='It was life-changing:' How new bill is helping Minnesota families eliminate medical debt |url=https://www.mprnews.org/episode/2024/06/17/how-new-bill-is-helping-minnesota-families-eliminate-medical-debt |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=MPR News |language=en}}</ref> The act stops health care providers from not giving medically necessary treatment because of any large medical debts and stops medical debt from affecting [[credit score]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=Gov. Walz signs legislation to help Minnesotans with medical debt burdens |first=Diane |last=Sandberg |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/politics/gov-walz-legislation-minnesotans-medical-debt-burdens/89-ee5e18e1-09a0-4255-b4b1-fef1c6f26ebd |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=kare11.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Walz originally ran for a third term as governor in [[2026 Minnesota gubernatorial election|2026]], but ended his candidacy after investigations revealed [[2020s Minnesota fraud scandals|large amount of fraud in state-funded social services]] programs.<ref name="AX-5J">{{Cite web |last=Van Oot |first=Torey |date=January 5, 2026 |title=Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz drops reelection bid |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/09/16/tim-walz-will-run-for-minnesota-governor-3rd-term |access-date=January 5, 2026 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]] |language=en}}</ref> Walz was criticized for not taking responsibility or addressing the scandal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-05 |title=Tim Walz to drop out of Minnesota governor’s race |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/05/tim-walz-out-minnesota-00710541 |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref> ==2024 vice presidential campaign== {{main|Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|2024 United States presidential election}} [[File:Harris Walz 2024 presidential campaign logo.svg|thumb|right|200px|The Harris-Walz 2024 campaign logo]] On July 22, 2024, Walz announced his support for Vice President [[Kamala Harris|Kamala Harris's]] [[Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]] after President [[Joe Biden]] [[Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election|ended his re-election campaign]] from the [[2024 United States presidential election|2024 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=July 22, 2024 |title=Six Key Democratic Governors Endorse Kamala Harris |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/22/us/politics/governors-endorse-harris.html |access-date=August 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Walz was soon seen as a top candidate for Harris's [[running mate]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hutzler |first=Alexandra |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Who is Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz, the man Harris selected to be VP? |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/minnesota-gov-tim-walz-makes-harris-veepstakes/story?id=112374560 |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> During this time, Walz began calling former President [[Donald Trump]] and [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] [[JD Vance]] "weird".<ref name=weirder/> The term became popular and was used by many Democrats to criticize Trump, Vance and other Republicans.<ref name=weirder>{{cite web|quote=“These are weird people on the other side,” Walz said in one MSNBC appearance. “My God, they went after cat people — good luck with that. Turn on the internet and see what cat people do when you go after ‘em. It would be funny if it wasn’t so sad,” he said in another|title=Kamala Harris chooses Tim Walz as running mate in US presidential election |url=https://on.ft.com/46F9Jmf|publisher=[[Financial Times]]|website=ft.com|first1=Steff|last1= Chávez |first2= James|last2=Fontanella-Khan|year=2024}}</ref> Many people saw Walz as a [[progressive]] choice for [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Harris' VP pick will set the tone for Democrats. It needs to be progressive. |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2024/08/04/harris-vice-president-pick-kelly-shapiro-walz-democrats/74637119007/ |publisher=USA Today |access-date=August 5, 2024 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806131801/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2024/08/04/harris-vice-president-pick-kelly-shapiro-walz-democrats/74637119007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with U.S. Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] and former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives]] [[Nancy Pelosi]] both supporting Walz as Harris's running mate choice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanders Says Possible VP Walz 'Understands the Needs of Working Families' |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/governor-tim-walz |website=Common Dreams|language=en-EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Nancy Pelosi Reportedly Has a Favorite V.P. Pick for Kamala |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/nancy-pelosi-reportedly-has-a-favorite-vp-pick-for-kamala/ar-BB1r6HGF?ocid=BingNewsSerp |magazine=The New Republic|language=en-EN}}</ref> On August 5, 2024, [[USA Today]] reported that Walz and [[Governor of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania Governor]] [[Josh Shapiro]] were Harris's top two choices to be her running mate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bose |first1=Nandita |title=Kamala Harris' running mate choice narrows to Tim Walz, Josh Shapiro, sources say |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/05/kamala-harris-running-mate-tim-walz-josh-shapiro/74675106007/ |publisher=USA Today |access-date=August 5, 2024 |archive-date=August 5, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805173234/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/08/05/kamala-harris-running-mate-tim-walz-josh-shapiro/74675106007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The following day, Harris officially picked Walz as her running mate.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Epstein |first=Reid J. |date=2024-08-06 |title=Tim Walz Is Kamala Harris's Choice for Vice President: Live Election Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/08/06/us/kamala-harris-vp-trump-election |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Walz is the first sitting governor to be picked as a Democratic VP nominee since the [[1924 United States presidential election|1924 presidential election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Intelligencer |date=2024-08-06 |title=Tim Walz Has Won the Harris Veepstakes: Live Updates, Analysis |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/tim-walz-kamala-harris-vp-pick-live-updates-analysis.html |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Intelligencer |language=en}}</ref> His pick as Harris's running mate was supported by people with different political views, including progressive Democratic U.S. Representative [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]], [[centrist]] [[Independent politician|independent]] U.S. Senator [[Joe Manchin]], and [[moderate]] Republican former governor [[Larry Hogan]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pager |first1=Tyler |last2=Wang |first2=Amy B. |last3=Rodriguez |first3=Sabrina |date=2024-08-07 |title=Harris chooses Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz as VP pick |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/06/harris-walz-vp/ |access-date=2024-08-08 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> On August 21, 2024, the third day of the [[2024 Democratic National Convention|Democratic National Convention]] in [[Chicago]], Walz officially accepted the Democratic nomination for vice president.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Aditi Sangal, Elise Hammond, Antoinette Radford, Tori B. Powell, Maureen |date=2024-08-21 |title=Live updates: Tim Walz, Bill Clinton and Nancy Pelosi address DNC {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/dnc-democratic-national-convention-08-21-24/index.html |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> In November 2024, the Harris-Walz ticket would lose the election to former President Donald Trump and Ohio Senator [[JD Vance]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/11/05/us/trump-harris-election|title=Election Live Updates: Trump Declares Victory as He Wins Pennsylvania|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 6, 2024|accessdate=November 6, 2024}}</ref> ==Political views== Walz is a supporter of making recreational [[cannabis]] use legal. He made it legal in [[Minnesota]] as governor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Faircloth |first1=Ryan |title=Gov. Walz lights into MN Republicans for killing recreational marijuana bill |url=https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/12/gov-walz-rips-into-mn-republicans-for-killing-recreational-marijuana-bill/ |access-date=January 11, 2023 |work=St. Paul Pioneer Press |date=March 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201220246/https://www.twincities.com/2019/03/12/gov-walz-rips-into-mn-republicans-for-killing-recreational-marijuana-bill/ |archive-date=December 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pugmire |first1=Tim |title=Walz wants state to be ready to roll on legal marijuana |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/08/26/walz-wants-state-to-be-ready-to-roll-on-legal-marijuana |access-date=January 11, 2023 |work=MPR News |date=August 26, 2019 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111174926/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/08/26/walz-wants-state-to-be-ready-to-roll-on-legal-marijuana |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaeger |first1=Kyle |title=Minnesota's Governor Wants People To Sign A Marijuana Petition Asking Lawmakers To Put Legalization On His Desk |url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/minnesotas-governor-wants-people-to-sign-a-marijuana-petition-asking-lawmakers-to-put-legalization-on-his-desk/ |access-date=January 11, 2023 |work=Marijuana Moment |date=January 9, 2023 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111174926/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/minnesotas-governor-wants-people-to-sign-a-marijuana-petition-asking-lawmakers-to-put-legalization-on-his-desk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, he proposed creating a Cannabis Management Office.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov. Walz calls for recreational marijuana legalization in Minnesota |url=https://www.fox9.com/news/marijuana-legalization-in-minnesota-gov-walz-pushes-for-legalization |access-date=January 11, 2023 |work=KMSP |date=January 26, 2022 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111174926/https://www.fox9.com/news/marijuana-legalization-in-minnesota-gov-walz-pushes-for-legalization |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |date=January 26, 2022 |title=Governor Walz, Lieutenant Governor Flanagan Announce Plan to Protect Minnesotans' Health and Safety |url=https://mn.gov/governor/news/?id=1055-516411 |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |publisher=mn.gov |access-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111174926/https://mn.gov/governor/news/?id=1055-516411 |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 30, 2023, he signed into law.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Trisha |title=Minnesota governor signs bill legalizing recreational marijuana starting in August |url=https://apnews.com/article/marijuana-minnesota-cannabis-legalization-pot-9a92dda1a1025c5b26033a3ad716a004 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |work=Associated Press |date=May 30, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaeger |first1=Kyle |title=Minnesota Governor Signs Marijuana Legalization Bill Into Law |url=https://www.marijuanamoment.net/minnesota-governor-signs-marijuana-legalization-bill-into-law/ |access-date=July 16, 2023 |work=Marijuana Moment |date=May 30, 2023 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716193846/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/minnesota-governor-signs-marijuana-legalization-bill-into-law/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Governor Walz and President Biden.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Walz with President [[Joe Biden]], April 2023]] Walz voted in favor of the [[American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009|American Recovery and Reinvestment Act]] during his time in Congress. He also wanted to add parts to the act that would support the funding of public school buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://votesmart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?cs_id=27656&can_id=65443 |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Walz on HR 3221 – Student Aid Program Modifications |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://votesmart.org/issue_keyvote_detail.php?cs_id=23644&can_id=65443 |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Walz on HR 1 – Appropriations, Tax Law Amendments, and Unemployment Benefit Amendments ("Stimulus Bill") |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010}}</ref> He also supports lowering [[tuition]] costs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://votesmart.org/speech_detail.php?sc_id=478875&keyword=education&phrase=&contain= |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Timothy J. 'Tim' Walz&nbsp;— Rep Walz Announces New Program to Make College More Affordable |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010}}</ref> While in Congress, Walz was a strong supporter of gun rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2012/10/02/walz-picks-up-nra-endorsement-over-quist|title=Walz picks up NRA endorsement over Quist|date=October 2, 2012 |access-date=January 6, 2022|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106032304/https://www.mprnews.org/amp/story/2012/10/02/walz-picks-up-nra-endorsement-over-quist|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrapvf.org/articles/20100924/nra-pvf-endorses-tim-walz-for-us-house-of-representatives-in-minnesota-s-1st-congressional-district|title=NRA-PVF Endorses Tim Walz for U.S. House of Representatives in Minnesota's 1st Congressional District|access-date=January 6, 2022|archive-date=January 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106032304/https://www.nrapvf.org/articles/20100924/nra-pvf-endorses-tim-walz-for-us-house-of-representatives-in-minnesota-s-1st-congressional-district|url-status=live}}</ref> After the [[Parkland high school shooting]] in 2018, he criticized the [[National Rifle Association of America|NRA]] and announced that he would donate the same amount the NRA had given to his congressional campaigns to organizations that support gun control.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walz |first=Tim |title=OPINION EXCHANGE {{!}} Tim Walz: Please understand my full record on guns |url=https://www.startribune.com/tim-walz-please-understand-my-full-record-on-guns/475013423/ |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=Star Tribune |date=24 February 2018 |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605170102/https://www.startribune.com/tim-walz-please-understand-my-full-record-on-guns/475013423/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As governor, Walz supported gun regulation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2023 |title='Keep choosing the right fights': Gov. Walz delivers annual State of the State Address |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/politics/keep-choosing-the-right-fights-governor-tim-walz-delivers-annual-state-of-the-state-address/89-e2214047-610a-432b-aeff-ab2f57dc674e |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=kare11.com |language=en-US |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806133050/https://www.kare11.com/article/news/politics/keep-choosing-the-right-fights-governor-tim-walz-delivers-annual-state-of-the-state-address/89-e2214047-610a-432b-aeff-ab2f57dc674e |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, he signed into law a public safety bill that creates universal background checks in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |date=<!-- 12:45 PM CDT --> May 19, 2023 |title=Gov. Walz signs public safety bill, including new gun control measures |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/politics/gov-walz-signs-gun-control-public-safety/89-2d0dff23-d6d5-46f0-aebf-d5b9970007f8 |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=kare11.com |language=en-US |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806133200/https://www.kare11.com/article/news/politics/gov-walz-signs-gun-control-public-safety/89-2d0dff23-d6d5-46f0-aebf-d5b9970007f8 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, Walz signed a laws that helped workers in Minnesota and [[labor union]]s.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=6 August 2024 |last=Nesterak |first=Max |url=https://minnesotareformer.com/2024/05/03/lawsuit-challenges-minnesotas-ban-on-captive-audience-meetings-and-other-labor-news/ |title=Lawsuit challenges Minnesota's ban on captive audience meetings — and other labor news |work=Minnesota Reformer |date=3 May 2024 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806150338/https://minnesotareformer.com/2024/05/03/lawsuit-challenges-minnesotas-ban-on-captive-audience-meetings-and-other-labor-news/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="worker friendly">{{Cite web |last=Nesterak |first=Max |date=2023-05-17 |title=Minnesota lawmakers approve 9 major worker-friendly changes |url=https://minnesotareformer.com/2023/05/17/labor-victory-minnesota-lawmakers-approve-9-major-worker-friendly-changes/ |access-date=6 August 2024 |website=Minnesota Reformer |language=en-US |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605014729/https://minnesotareformer.com/2023/05/17/labor-victory-minnesota-lawmakers-approve-9-major-worker-friendly-changes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He supported a law that gave sick leave for employees and increased safety inspections.<ref name="worker friendly"/> He also supported a law that gave construction workers stronger protections against [[wage theft]].<ref name="worker friendly"/> Walz supports [[LGBTQ]] rights and anti-[[discrimination]] laws against someone's [[sexual orientation]].<ref name="votesmart1">{{cite web |url=http://www.votesmart.org/npat.php?can_id=65443 |title=Project Vote Smart&nbsp;— Representative Timothy J. 'Tim' Walz&nbsp;— Issue Positions (Political Courage Test) |publisher=Votesmart.org |access-date=July 12, 2010 |archive-date=October 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030180316/https://www.votesmart.org/npat.php?can_id=65443 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2009 speech, he called for an end to the [[Don't ask, don't tell]] policy.<ref name="votesmart2" /> In 2011, Walz announced his support for the [[Respect for Marriage Act]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Ameigh|first=Sarah|title=North Carolina's Anti-LGBT Measure: A Reactionary's Response to Progress|url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-09-north-carolinas-anti-lgbt-measure-a-reactionarys-res |work=American Humanist|access-date=September 25, 2011|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930080540/http://www.americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-09-north-carolinas-anti-lgbt-measure-a-reactionarys-res|archive-date=September 30, 2011}}</ref> As governor, Walz has signed a number of bills that support the LGBTQ community. In 2023, he signed a bill that banned [[conversion therapy]] and another that protected [[Sexual reassignment surgery|gender-affirming care]] in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villarreal |first=Daniel |date=2023-04-27 |title=Minnesota governor signs conversion therapy ban & law protecting trans healthcare rights |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/04/minnesota-governor-signs-conversion-therapy-ban-law-protecting-trans-healthcare-rights/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=LGBTQ Nation |language=en}}</ref> Walz supports [[abortion]] rights,<ref name="votesmart1" /> and has a 100% rating from [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref name="votesmart2">{{cite news|title=Representative Timothy 'Tim' J. Walz's Special Interest Group Ratings|url=http://votesmart.org/candidate/evaluations/65443/tim-walz|publisher=Project Vote Smart|access-date=March 13, 2019|archive-date=November 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107182918/http://votesmart.org/candidate/evaluations/65443/tim-walz|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Personal life== Walz and his wife, Gwen Whipple, married in 1994. They lived in [[Mankato, Minnesota]], for nearly 20 years before moving to [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]] with their two children, Hope and Gus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://walz.house.gov/about/full-biography|title=Full Biography|date=December 11, 2012|work=Honorable Tim Walz|access-date=August 15, 2018|archive-date=December 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221222440/https://walz.house.gov/about/full-biography|url-status=live}}</ref> Before their children were born, the Walzes had [[infertility]] issues and had [[fertility]] treatment at [[Mayo Clinic]] for seven years before their children were born in 2001 and 2006.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Treisman |first1=Rachel |date=August 8, 2024 |title=What to know about Minnesota first lady Gwen Walz |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/08/08/nx-s1-5067814/gwen-walz-minnesota-first-lady |access-date=August 8, 2024 |work=[[NPR]] |archive-date=August 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823173647/https://www.npr.org/2024/08/08/nx-s1-5067814/gwen-walz-minnesota-first-lady |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Campuzano |first1=Eder |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Who is Tim Walz? Minnesota's governor and Kamala Harris' running mate, explained |url=https://www.startribune.com/vp-candidate-tim-walz-background-accomplishments/600853726 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806201756/https://www.startribune.com/vp-candidate-tim-walz-background-accomplishments/600853726 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=[[Star Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=4 things to know about Tim Walz's Midwestern family in the DNC spotlight|newspaper=The Washington Post|author=Annabelle Timsit|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/22/tim-walz-wife-kids-gus-gwen-hope/|date=22 August 2024|access-date=24 August 2024}}</ref> Walz is [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]].<ref name="Wormald 2015">{{cite web |last=Wormald |first=Benjamin |date=2015-01-05 |title=Faith on the Hill: The Religious Affiliations of the 114th Congress |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2015/01/05/faith-on-the-hill/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923035635/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/01/05/faith-on-the-hill/ |archive-date=September 23, 2021 |access-date=2021-10-03 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}}</ref> Walz owns a restored [[International Scout]] off-road vehicle.<ref>{{cite news |first=Anusha |last=Mathur |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/06/tim-walz-55-things-harris-vp-00172790 |title=55 Things to Know About Tim Walz, Kamala Harris' Pick for VP |date=August 6, 2024 |access-date=August 7, 2024 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806235302/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/08/06/tim-walz-55-things-harris-vp-00172790 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Walz family has a dog named Scout and a cat named Honey.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = August 6, 2024 | date = August 6, 2024 | title = Dog parks, Diet Dew and car sickness: A collection of tidbits about Gov. Tim Walz | url = https://www.startribune.com/dog-parks-diet-dew-and-car-sickness-a-collection-of-tidbits-about-gov-tim-walz/600766873 | first = Rochelle | last = Olson | newspaper = Minneapolis Star Tribune | archive-date = August 5, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240805233011/https://www.startribune.com/dog-parks-diet-dew-and-car-sickness-a-collection-of-tidbits-about-gov-tim-walz/600766873 | url-status = live }}</ref> According to financial records made while he was in Congress, Walz and his wife have owned no [[stock]]s and their [[pension]]s are their only known [[asset]].<ref>{{cite news | publisher=Axios | access-date = August 7, 2024 | date = August 7, 2024 | first = Dan | last = Primack| url = https://www.axios.com/2024/08/07/tim-walz-vp-pick-investment-portfolio | title = Gov. Tim Walz doesn't own a single stock }}</ref> The Walzes reported income of $166,000 on their 2022 tax returns, making Walz among the least wealthy candidates ever to run for vice president.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Connell |first1=Jonathan |last2=Morse |first2=Clara Ence |title=How Tim Walz's personal finances compare to J.D. Vance, other politicians |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/08/tim-walz-personal-finances-worth-house/ |newspaper=Washington Post |access-date=9 August 2024 |date=9 August 2024 |archive-date=August 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813212629/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/08/tim-walz-personal-finances-worth-house/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Sister project links |wikt=no |commonscat=yes |b=no |d=Q2434360 |n=no |v=no}} * [https://kamalaharris.com/ Official website] of [[Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign|Harris Walz campaign]] * [https://mn.gov/governor/ Governor Tim Walz] official government website * {{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Minnesota/Government/Executive/Governor_Tim_Walz}} * {{C-SPAN|1018510}} * [https://biobest.com.ng/ Tim Walz Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822110211/https://biobest.com.ng/ |date=2024-08-22 }} {{CongLinks | congbio=w000799 | votesmart=65443 | fec=H6MN01174 | congress=timothy-walz/1856 }} {{USGovernors}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Waltz, Tim}} [[Category:1964 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Governors of Minnesota]] [[Category:United States representatives from Minnesota]] [[Category:Politicians from Nebraska]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:People from Mankato, Minnesota]] [[Category:Educators from Nebraska]] [[Category:Educators from Minnesota]] [[Category:21st-century American politicians]] [[Category:2024 United States vice-presidential candidates]] [[Category:Military people from Minnesota]] [[Category:Military people from Nebraska]] [[Category:American LGBT rights activists]] [[Category:American Lutherans]] [[Category:American teachers]] [[Category:American military personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] 7cu34u66w4dkfuz0pe5ip4egpz2sfvl 0 655045 10882681 10872011 2026-06-09T21:40:34Z Rumelaguha 1819331 /* */ 10882681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anushka Sharma | image = Anushka Sharma 2015.jpg | caption = Sharma promoting ''[[NH10 (film)|NH10]]'' in 2015 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|5|1}} | birth_place = [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | residence = | nationality = Indian | education = Bangalore University | occupation = {{flatlist| * Actress * [[movie producer]] * [[fashion designer]] }} | years_active = 2007–2021 | height = 152 cm | spouse = {{marriage|[[Virat Kohli]]|2017}} | awards = }} '''Anushka Sharma''' ({{IPA-hns|əˈnʊʂkaː ˈʃərmaː|pron}}; born 1 May 1988)<ref>{{cite news|title=Anushka Sharma celebrates 25th birthday in Goa|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/anushka-sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-goa/article1-1053171.aspx|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 May 2013|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503020831/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Anushka-Sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-Goa/Article1-1053171.aspx|archive-date=3 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Anushka-UP">{{cite web|last=Gupta |first=Priya (18 December 2012) |title=There is no system in the film industry: Anushka |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms? |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217213847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms |archive-date=17 December 2012 }}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actress]] and [[movie producer]]. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in [[Bollywood]] movies. She has won many awards including one [[Filmfare Award]] from seven nominations.<ref name="jthj">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |title=Filmfare Winners 2013 |work=India Today |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=22 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121194927/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 }}</ref> She was born in [[Ayodhya]] and was raised in [[Bangalore]]. She married the Indian cricketer [[Virat Kohli]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=The Express Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212015758/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html"Anushka Sharma photoshoot hot gallery"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020224807/https://www.filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html |date=2020-10-20 }} | source- filmynonstop.com</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Virat Kohli officially announces marriage to Anushka Sharma, Twitter goes berserk|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=Hindustan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084301/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|title=CONFIRMED: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli get hitched in Italy!|date=11 December 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=12 Dec 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211212626/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|archive-date=11 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Her debut movie was ''[[:en:Rab_Ne_Bana_Di_Jodi|Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''(2008) in which she acted with [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. ''[[Sultan (2016 movie)|Sultan]]'' (2016), ''[[PK (movie)|PK]]'' (2014), ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'' and ''[[Rise Of The Phoenix Part 1: Agni Devi]]'' (2019) are some of her famous movies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-11|title=10 facts about Anushka Sharma you didn't know|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/851478/10-facts-about-anushka-sharma-you-didnt-know|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-28|title=Ae Dil Hai Mushkil review – a traditional weepie, unlikely to offend|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/28/ae-dil-hai-mushkil-review-karan-johar-fawad-khan|access-date=2022-12-15|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal Life== [[File:Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception.jpg|alt=Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception|center|thumb|335x335px|Anushka with her husband at a reception in [[Mumbai]], 2017]] Anushka is a practicing [[Hinduism|Hindu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Anushka shows her spiritual leanings in Haridwar|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/anushka-shows-her-spiritual-leanings-in-haridwar-15742|access-date=2022-12-15|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> She married an Indian cricketer, [[Virat Kohli]], in [[Italy]] on 11 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2017|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married|access-date=|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> On 11 January 2021, Sharma gave birth to a girl named, Vamika.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2021|title=Anushka Sharma, Virat Kohli name their daughter Vamika|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-and-virat-kohli-name-their-daughter-vamika-7143272/|access-date=|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Anushka Sharma}} * {{IMDb name|3087728}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|10004519-anushka_sharma|Anushka Sharma}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Anushka}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Indian models]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]] gyi8i22qdt1lh2np83ebk7zas9hw264 10882682 10882681 2026-06-09T21:43:25Z ~2026-33927-00 1819335 /* */ 10882682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anushka Sharma | image = Anushka Sharma 2015.jpg | caption = Sharma promoting ''[[NH10 (film)|NH10]]'' in 2015 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|5|1}} | birth_place = [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | residence = | nationality = Indian | education = Bangalore University | occupation = {{flatlist| * Actress * [[movie producer]] * [[fashion designer]] }} | years_active = 2007–2021 | height = 152 cm | spouse = {{marriage|[[Subhrajit Sadhya]]|2017}} | awards = }} '''Anushka Sharma''' ({{IPA-hns|əˈnʊʂkaː ˈʃərmaː|pron}}; born 1 May 1988)<ref>{{cite news|title=Anushka Sharma celebrates 25th birthday in Goa|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/anushka-sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-goa/article1-1053171.aspx|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 May 2013|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503020831/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Anushka-Sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-Goa/Article1-1053171.aspx|archive-date=3 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Anushka-UP">{{cite web|last=Gupta |first=Priya (18 December 2012) |title=There is no system in the film industry: Anushka |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms? |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217213847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms |archive-date=17 December 2012 }}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actress]] and [[movie producer]]. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in [[Bollywood]] movies. She has won many awards including one [[Filmfare Award]] from seven nominations.<ref name="jthj">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |title=Filmfare Winners 2013 |work=India Today |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=22 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121194927/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 }}</ref> She was born in [[Ayodhya]] and was raised in [[Bangalore]]. She married the Indian cricketer [[Virat Kohli]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=The Express Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212015758/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html"Anushka Sharma photoshoot hot gallery"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020224807/https://www.filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html |date=2020-10-20 }} | source- filmynonstop.com</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Virat Kohli officially announces marriage to Anushka Sharma, Twitter goes berserk|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=Hindustan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084301/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|title=CONFIRMED: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli get hitched in Italy!|date=11 December 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=12 Dec 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211212626/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|archive-date=11 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Her debut movie was ''[[:en:Rab_Ne_Bana_Di_Jodi|Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''(2008) in which she acted with [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. ''[[Sultan (2016 movie)|Sultan]]'' (2016), ''[[PK (movie)|PK]]'' (2014), ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'' and ''[[Rise Of The Phoenix Part 1: Agni Devi]]'' (2019) are some of her famous movies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-11|title=10 facts about Anushka Sharma you didn't know|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/851478/10-facts-about-anushka-sharma-you-didnt-know|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-28|title=Ae Dil Hai Mushkil review – a traditional weepie, unlikely to offend|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/28/ae-dil-hai-mushkil-review-karan-johar-fawad-khan|access-date=2022-12-15|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal Life== [[File:Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception.jpg|alt=Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception|center|thumb|335x335px|Anushka with her husband at a reception in [[Mumbai]], 2017]] Anushka is a practicing [[Hinduism|Hindu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Anushka shows her spiritual leanings in Haridwar|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/anushka-shows-her-spiritual-leanings-in-haridwar-15742|access-date=2022-12-15|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> She married an Indian cricketer, [[Virat Kohli]], in [[Italy]] on 11 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2017|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married|access-date=|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> On 11 January 2021, Sharma gave birth to a girl named, Vamika.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2021|title=Anushka Sharma, Virat Kohli name their daughter Vamika|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-and-virat-kohli-name-their-daughter-vamika-7143272/|access-date=|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Anushka Sharma}} * {{IMDb name|3087728}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|10004519-anushka_sharma|Anushka Sharma}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Anushka}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Indian models]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]] bcrpzs7u0dr0z3a2q9plo1qn7xia30w 10882692 10882682 2026-06-09T21:56:22Z ~2026-33927-00 1819335 /* */ 10882692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anushka Sharma | image = Anushka Sharma 2015.jpg | caption = Sharma promoting ''[[NH10 (film)|NH10]]'' in 2015 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|5|1}} | birth_place = [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | residence = | nationality = Indian | education = Bangalore University | occupation = {{flatlist| * Actress * [[movie producer]] * [[fashion designer]] }} | years_active = 2007–2021 | height = 152 cm | spouse = {{marriage|[[Subhrajit Sadhya]]|2017}} | awards = }} '''Anushka Sharma''' ({{IPA-hns|əˈnʊʂkaː ˈʃərmaː|pron}}; born 1 May 1988)<ref>{{cite news|title=Anushka Sharma celebrates 25th birthday in Goa|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/anushka-sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-goa/article1-1053171.aspx|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 May 2013|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503020831/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Anushka-Sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-Goa/Article1-1053171.aspx|archive-date=3 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Anushka-UP">{{cite web|last=Gupta |first=Priya (18 December 2012) |title=There is no system in the film industry: Anushka |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms? |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217213847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms |archive-date=17 December 2012 }}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actress]] and [[movie producer]]. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in [[Bollywood]] movies. She has won many awards including one [[Filmfare Award]] from seven nominations.<ref name="jthj">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |title=Filmfare Winners 2013 |work=India Today |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=22 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121194927/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 }}</ref> She was born in [[Ayodhya]] and was raised in [[Bangalore]]. She married the Indian cricketer [[Subhrajit Sadhya]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Subhrajit Sadhya are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=The Express Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212015758/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html"Anushka Sharma photoshoot hot gallery"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020224807/https://www.filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html |date=2020-10-20 }} | source- filmynonstop.com</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Subhrajit Sadhya officially announces marriage to Anushka Sharma, Twitter goes berserk|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=Hindustan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084301/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|title=CONFIRMED: Anushka Sharma and Subhrajit Sadhya get hitched in Italy!|date=11 December 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=12 Dec 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211212626/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|archive-date=11 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Her debut movie was ''[[:en:Rab_Ne_Bana_Di_Jodi|Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''(2008) in which she acted with [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. ''[[Sultan (2016 movie)|Sultan]]'' (2016), ''[[PK (movie)|PK]]'' (2014), ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'' and ''[[Rise Of The Phoenix Part 1: Agni Devi]]'' (2019) are some of her famous movies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-11|title=10 facts about Anushka Sharma you didn't know|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/851478/10-facts-about-anushka-sharma-you-didnt-know|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-28|title=Ae Dil Hai Mushkil review – a traditional weepie, unlikely to offend|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/28/ae-dil-hai-mushkil-review-karan-johar-fawad-khan|access-date=2022-12-15|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal Life== [[File:Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception.jpg|alt=Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception|center|thumb|335x335px|Anushka with her husband at a reception in [[Mumbai]], 2017]] Anushka is a practicing [[Hinduism|Hindu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Anushka shows her spiritual leanings in Haridwar|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/anushka-shows-her-spiritual-leanings-in-haridwar-15742|access-date=2022-12-15|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> She married an Indian cricketer, [[Virat Kohli]], in [[Italy]] on 11 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2017|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married|access-date=|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> On 11 January 2021, Sharma gave birth to a girl named, Vamika.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2021|title=Anushka Sharma, Virat Kohli name their daughter Vamika|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-and-virat-kohli-name-their-daughter-vamika-7143272/|access-date=|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Anushka Sharma}} * {{IMDb name|3087728}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|10004519-anushka_sharma|Anushka Sharma}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Anushka}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Indian models]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]] ly1esnxre311kqhszsxrrspii600pxc 10882698 10882692 2026-06-09T22:02:59Z Barras 40117 Restored revision 10872011 by [[Special:Contributions/Barras|Barras]] ([[en:w:User:BrandonXLF/Restorer|Restorer]]) 10882698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Anushka Sharma | image = Anushka Sharma 2015.jpg | caption = Sharma promoting ''[[NH10 (film)|NH10]]'' in 2015 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|5|1}} | birth_place = [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | residence = | nationality = Indian | education = Bangalore University | occupation = {{flatlist| * Actress * [[movie producer]] * [[fashion designer]] }} | years_active = 2007–2021 | height = 173 cm | spouse = {{marriage|[[Virat Kohli]]|2017}} | awards = }} '''Anushka Sharma''' ({{IPA-hns|əˈnʊʂkaː ˈʃərmaː|pron}}; born 1 May 1988)<ref>{{cite news|title=Anushka Sharma celebrates 25th birthday in Goa|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/anushka-sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-goa/article1-1053171.aspx|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=1 May 2013|access-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503020831/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Anushka-Sharma-celebrates-25th-birthday-in-Goa/Article1-1053171.aspx|archive-date=3 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Anushka-UP">{{cite web|last=Gupta |first=Priya (18 December 2012) |title=There is no system in the film industry: Anushka |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms? |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121217213847/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/There-is-no-system-in-the-film-industry-Anushka/articleshow/17649937.cms |archive-date=17 December 2012 }}</ref> is an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[actress]] and [[movie producer]]. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in [[Bollywood]] movies. She has won many awards including one [[Filmfare Award]] from seven nominations.<ref name="jthj">{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |title=Filmfare Winners 2013 |work=India Today |date=21 January 2013 |access-date=22 January 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121194927/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/barfi-kahaani-filmfare-awards/1/243107.html |archive-date=21 January 2013 }}</ref> She was born in [[Ayodhya]] and was raised in [[Bangalore]]. She married the Indian cricketer [[Virat Kohli]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=The Express Tribune|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212015758/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married/|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[https://filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html"Anushka Sharma photoshoot hot gallery"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020224807/https://www.filmynonstop.com/2018/08/anushka-sharma-sexy-hot-photos.html |date=2020-10-20 }} | source- filmynonstop.com</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Virat Kohli officially announces marriage to Anushka Sharma, Twitter goes berserk|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|date=11 December 2017|access-date=11 December 2017|work=Hindustan Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084301/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/story-JOqE1uBbeBrAjXJeac2KpK.html|archive-date=12 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|title=CONFIRMED: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli get hitched in Italy!|date=11 December 2017|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=12 Dec 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211212626/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/confirmed-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-get-hitched-italy/|archive-date=11 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Her debut movie was ''[[:en:Rab_Ne_Bana_Di_Jodi|Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]]''(2008) in which she acted with [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. ''[[Sultan (2016 movie)|Sultan]]'' (2016), ''[[PK (movie)|PK]]'' (2014), ''[[Jab Tak Hai Jaan]]'', ''[[Ae Dil Hai Mushkil]]'' and ''[[Rise Of The Phoenix Part 1: Agni Devi]]'' (2019) are some of her famous movies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-03-11|title=10 facts about Anushka Sharma you didn't know|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/851478/10-facts-about-anushka-sharma-you-didnt-know|access-date=2022-12-15|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-28|title=Ae Dil Hai Mushkil review – a traditional weepie, unlikely to offend|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/oct/28/ae-dil-hai-mushkil-review-karan-johar-fawad-khan|access-date=2022-12-15|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal Life== [[File:Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception.jpg|alt=Virat_Kohali_and_Anushka_Sharma_at_Mumbai_reception|center|thumb|335x335px|Anushka with her husband at a reception in [[Mumbai]], 2017]] Anushka is a practicing [[Hinduism|Hindu]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=Anushka shows her spiritual leanings in Haridwar|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/anushka-shows-her-spiritual-leanings-in-haridwar-15742|access-date=2022-12-15|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en}}</ref> She married an Indian cricketer, [[Virat Kohli]], in [[Italy]] on 11 December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 December 2017|title=It's official: Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli are married|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1581527/4-official-anushka-sharma-virat-kohli-married|access-date=|website=The Express Tribune|language=en}}</ref> On 11 January 2021, Sharma gave birth to a girl named, Vamika.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2021|title=Anushka Sharma, Virat Kohli name their daughter Vamika|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/anushka-sharma-and-virat-kohli-name-their-daughter-vamika-7143272/|access-date=|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|Anushka Sharma}} * {{IMDb name|3087728}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes person|10004519-anushka_sharma|Anushka Sharma}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Anushka}} [[Category:1988 births]] [[Category:Indian models]] [[Category:Indian movie actors]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Actors from Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]] a41ionvl60jq8g32kfr09g5mab8p3i6 0 655204 10882865 10378001 2026-06-10T02:53:52Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} '''Vinicius''' is the [[Olympic mascot|mascot]] of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], and '''Tom''' is the mascot of the [[2016 Summer Paralympics]]. The mascots represent [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]. Vinicius represents Brazilian animals, and his body has parts of cats, monkeys, and birds. Tom represents Brazilian [[Plant|plant life]]. A Brazilian company called Birdo made the mascots. The Olympic organizers only wanted mascots made by Brazilian companies. The organizers chose Birdo's mascots in August 2013, and they showed them to the public on 23 November 2014, but the mascots did not have names yet at that time. The organizers asked the public to choose names for them. The public chose to name the mascots after [[Vinicius de Moraes]] and [[Antônio Carlos Jobim|Tom Jobim]]. Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim wrote the song "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]". The Olympic organizers made a children's [[television series]] about the mascots. The Rio organizers also made many toys and other merchandise of the mascots. The organizers gave wrestling coaches soft dolls of Vinicius. If the coaches did not like a referee's call, then they would throw the doll into the ring. Many people thought that this was funny. Paralympic medalists got special dolls of Tom. They were special because the leaves on Tom's head were the same color as their medals. Some observers liked how the mascots looked. Others thought they looked strange.<ref name="Mic" /><ref name="Glum" /> ==History== ===Creation=== The organizers of the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] (Rio 2016) started to ask for mascot designs in November 2012.<ref name="olympic.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/rio-2016-mascot|title=Rio 2016 Mascot Vinicius - Origin, Design and Photos|website=Olympic.org|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> The events were going to be held in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]], so the Olympic organizers only wanted designs from Brazilian companies.<ref name=Martins>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rio2016.com/blog/en/coming-soon-rio-2016-mascots|title=Coming soon, the Rio 2016 mascots…|last=Martins|first=Tânia|date=18 November 2014|website=Field of Play (Rio 2016 Official Blog)|publisher=Rio 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221161143/http://www.rio2016.com/blog/en/coming-soon-rio-2016-mascots|archive-date=21 February 2015|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> Directors from the Brazilian film festival [[Anima Mundi (event)|Anima Mundi]] helped the Rio 2016 organizers choose the mascots.<ref name=":0" /> After looking at the designs, the Rio 2016 organizers chose three of them and asked children to help them choose the final mascot. The children were six to twelve years old and were from either Rio de Janeiro or [[São Paulo]]. The organizers gave the three designs to the children, but they did not tell the children that they were for the Olympics. The organizers only told the kids about the mascots' personalities. The children responded with comments such as "'This is my friend', 'This one seems stuck-up', 'This one has cool hair'; and 'That one looks silly'".<ref name="Martins" /> The organizers used the children's comments to make the mascot designs better.<ref name="Martins" /> A group of judges chose the final mascots in August 2013. The group included members of the Rio 2016 organizers, the [[International Olympic Committee]], the [[Brazilian Olympic Committee]], and the [[Brazilian Paralympic Committee]], and people who worked in [[animation]], [[illustration]], [[advertising]] and market research.<ref name="Martins" /> All of the judges agreed to choose a set of two mascots, one for the Olympic Games and the other for the Paralympic Games.<ref name="Martins" /> A São Paulo-based animation company named Birdo created these mascots.<ref name=":0" /> Birdo and the organizers began to create content featuring the mascots, working in secrecy.<ref name="Martins" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdo.com.br/mascotes-rio2016|title=Mascotes Rio2016|website=Birdo Studio|publisher=Birdo Studio|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318180903/http://www.birdo.com.br/mascotes-rio2016|archive-date=18 March 2016|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> === Naming and unveiling === The organizers showed the public the mascots on 23 November 2014, but they had not yet decided what to name them. On 24 November 2014,<ref name="Newsday">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsday.com/sports/olympics/rio-olympics-mascots-for-the-2016-summer-olympics-1.12093793|title=Rio Olympics mascots for the 2016 Summer Games|date=25 July 2016|website=Newsday|publisher=Newsday|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> the mascots appeared publicly in costumes for the first time at the Ginásio Experimental Olímpico [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]], a school for talented young athletes in Rio.<ref name="Johnston">{{cite web|url=http://www.bustle.com/articles/175805-what-does-vinicius-mean-the-rio-olympics-mascot-pays-tribute-to-a-famous-brazilian|title=What Does Vinicius Mean? The Rio Olympics Mascot Pays Tribute To A Famous Brazilian|last1=Johnston|first1=Abby|date=30 July 2016|website=Bustle|access-date=8 August 2016}}</ref> The organizers let the public pick the names of the mascots in an online vote.<ref name=":0" /> There were three candidates in the vote: * "Oba and Eba" – [[Brazilian Portuguese]] expressions of joy * "Tiba Tuque and Esquindim" – "tiba" means "a lot" in [[Tupi–Guarani languages]]; "tuque" comes from [[Batuque (music and dance)|batuque]], a kind of Brazilian music; and "esquindim" is a Brazilian Portuguese word for natural sway * "Vinicius and Tom" – the names of musicians [[Vinicius de Moraes]] and [[Antônio Carlos Jobim|Tom Jobim]], the co-writers of the song "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]"<ref>{{cite web|title=Rio 2016 Mascots - Vote |url=http://www.rio2016.com/mascots#!vote |website=Rio 2016 |publisher=Rio 2016 Organizing Committee |access-date=15 September 2016 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The voting ended after three weeks on 14 December 2014. "Vinicius and Tom" won with 44 percent of 323,327 votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/rio-2016-olympic-and-paralympic-mascots-named-vinicius-and-tom-by-public-vote|title=Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic mascots named Vinicius and Tom by public vote|date=14 December 2014|website=Rio 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010124640/https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/rio-2016-olympic-and-paralympic-mascots-named-vinicius-and-tom-by-public-vote|archive-date=10 October 2016|access-date=8 August 2016}}</ref> === Use of Vinicius in Olympic wrestling events === [[File:Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – 85 kg Men's Greco-Roman 20.jpg|thumb|A referee in [[Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 85 kg|men's Greco-Roman 85 kg wrestling]] picks up a plush doll of Vinicius, thrown by coaches into the ring at Rio 2016 to challenge referee calls.]] In the sport of [[wrestling]], coaches may challenge a referee's call by throwing a "soft object" into the ring.<ref name="thrillist">{{cite web|last1=Nelson|first1=Dustin|title=Who keeps throwing stuffed animals into wrestling matches?|url=https://www.thrillist.com/news/nation/rio-olympics-2016-stuffed-animals-challenge-greco-roman-wrestling|website=Thrillist|publisher=Thrillist Media Group|access-date=21 August 2016|date=15 August 2016}}</ref> This is normally a foam brick, but wrestling rules do not exactly say what the soft object must be.<ref name="Stites" /><ref name=Gordon>{{cite web|last1=Gordon|first1=Aaron|title=Olympic Wrestling Uses Stuffed Animals for Replay Challenges|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/olympic-wrestling-uses-stuffed-animals-for-replay-challenges|website=Vice Sports|publisher=Vice Media|access-date=22 August 2016|date=17 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817182254/https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/olympic-wrestling-uses-stuffed-animals-for-replay-challenges|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Rio 2016 organizers gave wrestling coaches soft [[Stuffed toy|plush dolls]] of Vinicius to throw into the ring when they wished to challenge a call.<ref name="ap-wrestling">{{cite web|url=http://summergames.ap.org/article/challenged-olympic-mascot-vinicius-finds-rough-new-role-wrestling|title=Challenged: Olympic mascot Vinicius finds rough new role in wrestling|date=14 August 2016|website=AP Rio 2016 Summer Games|publisher=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816152900/http://summergames.ap.org/article/challenged-olympic-mascot-vinicius-finds-rough-new-role-wrestling|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=dead|last1=Meredith|first1=Luke|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=Hendricks>{{cite web|last1=Hendricks|first1=Maggie|title=Olympic wrestling is using a stuffed animal for its challenge flag|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/08/olympic-wrestling-is-using-a-stuffed-animal-for-its-challenge-flag|website=For The Win|publisher=USA Today|access-date=21 August 2016|date=14 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=Dator>{{cite web|last1=Dator|first1=James|title=Why are wrestling coaches throwing stuffed mascots on the mat in Rio?|url=https://www.sbnation.com/2016/8/17/12515510/why-are-wrestling-coaches-throwing-stuffed-mascots-on-the-mat-in-rio|website=SBNation.com|publisher=Vox Media|access-date=21 August 2016|date=17 August 2016}}</ref> One wrestler's coach got a Vinicius doll with a red shirt, while the opponent's coach got one with a blue shirt.<ref name="Gordon" /> Many people thought this was funny.<ref name="Stites" /><ref name="Hendricks" /><ref name="Dator" /> [[NBC Sports]] commentators started to call Vinicius "the challenge mascot".<ref name="Stites">{{cite web|last1=Stites|first1=Adam|title=Mystery solved: Why are stuffed animals being thrown in Olympic wrestling?|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/mystery-solved-why-are-stuffed-animals-being-thrown-in-olympic-wrestling-000734690.html|website=Yahoo! Sports|publisher=Yahoo|access-date=21 August 2016|date=14 August 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820085645/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/mystery-solved-why-are-stuffed-animals-being-thrown-in-olympic-wrestling-000734690.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dustin Nelson, a news writer for the website ''[[Thrillist Media Group|Thrillist]]'', wrote that the mascot took "a little of the anger out of a challenge".<ref name="thrillist" /> Jason Bryant, the official commentator for wrestling at the 2016 Olympics, was surprised to see this at the Olympics because there is a lot of emphasis on "protocol" at the Olympics. However, Byrant eventually said that it does not matter what the challenge object is if it has cultural importance to the location of the competition.<ref name="Gordon" /> Coach Mike Malinconico argued that the Olympic organizers should not have done this.<ref name="Gordon" /> == Characteristics == [[File:Vinicius.jpg|thumb|right|Brazilian lyricist and poet [[Vinicius de Moraes]] (1913–1980), namesake of the 2016 Olympic mascot]] Vinicius is the Olympic mascot, and he is named after Brazilian musician [[Vinicius de Moraes]].<ref name="Johnston" /> Vinicius's design represents Brazilian wildlife. The design combines "the agility of [[cat]]s, sway of [[monkey]]s and grace of [[bird]]s."<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/meet-the-rio-2016-olympic-and-paralympic-games-mascots-and-help-choose-their-names |title=Meet the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots and help choose their names |date=23 November 2014 |website=Rio 2016 |access-date=25 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010124635/https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/meet-the-rio-2016-olympic-and-paralympic-games-mascots-and-help-choose-their-names |archive-date=10 October 2016 }}</ref> Vinicius can stretch his arms and legs as long as he wants.<ref name=":0" /> His mission is "to spread joy throughout the world and celebrate the friendship that flourishes between people from all over the world" at the Olympic Games.<ref name="rio2016mascots">{{cite web|title=Rio 2016 Mascots |url=https://www.rio2016.com/mascots/ |website=Rio 2016 |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824160301/https://www.rio2016.com/mascots/ |archive-date=24 August 2016 }}</ref> Tom is the Paralympic mascot, and is he named after Brazilian musician [[Antônio Carlos Jobim|Tom Jobim]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=Rio 2016|title=Rio 2016 Paralympic mascot named 'Tom'|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/rio-2016-paralympic-mascot-named-tom|website=Official Website of the Paralympic Movement|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|access-date=8 August 2016|date=15 December 2014}}</ref> Tom's design represents the plants of Brazilian forests. Tom can pull any object out of his head.<ref name="bbc-riomascot">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/30176137|title=Rio 2016: Olympic and Paralympic mascots launched|date=24 November 2014|website=BBC Sport|publisher=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821013537/http://www.bbc.com/sport/30176137|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=live|access-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> His mission is "to inspire everybody to use creativity and determination to always reach further and have fun."<ref name="rio2016mascots" /> Vinicius and Tom "were both born from the joy of Brazilians" after the International Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.<ref name=Eurosport>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/olympic-games/rio/2016/2016-rio-olympics-biggest-stars-dates-schedule-mascots-logo-usain-bolt-triple-triple-zika_sto5694786/story.shtml|title=2016 Rio Olympics: Biggest stars, dates, schedule, mascots, logo, Usain Bolt 'triple triple', Zika|last=Quarrell|first=Dan|date=22 July 2016|website=Eurosport|access-date=25 July 2016}}</ref> The mascots are named after Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim, who co-wrote the 1962 [[bossa nova]] song "[[The Girl from Ipanema]]".<ref>{{cite web|first=Paulo|last=Cavalcanti|title=As 100 Maiores Músicas Brasileiras - "Garota de Ipanema"|url=http://rollingstone.uol.com.br/listas/100-maiores-musicas-brasileiras/garota-de-ipanema/|work=[[Rolling Stone]] Brasil|publisher=Spring|access-date=6 January 2014|language=pt|year=2009|archive-date=7 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107014527/http://rollingstone.uol.com.br/listas/100-maiores-musicas-brasileiras/garota-de-ipanema/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ATribuna>{{cite web|last1=Braga|first1=Glauco|title=Vinicius e Tom dão nome aos mascotes da Rio/2016|url=http://www.atribuna.com.br/noticias/noticias-detalhe/olimpiadas/vinicius-e-tom-dao-nome-aos-mascotes-da-rio2016/?cHash=c0fdb5f9e79ca9b49f58c91bf9cc01b4|website=ATribuna.com.br|publisher=Convergence Works|access-date=16 August 2016|language=pt|date=18 May 2016|archive-date=1 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701052341/http://www.atribuna.com.br/noticias/noticias-detalhe/olimpiadas/vinicius-e-tom-dao-nome-aos-mascotes-da-rio2016/?cHash=c0fdb5f9e79ca9b49f58c91bf9cc01b4|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Media == === Animated shorts === On 5 August 2015, [[Cartoon Network Brazil]] started to broadcast [[Animation|animated]] [[short film]]s with the mascots. The series is named ''Vinicius e Tom – Divertidos por Natureza'' ("Vinicius and Tom – Fun by Nature"<ref name="cn-rio" /> or "Vinicius and Tom – Natural Entertainers"<ref name="cn-ipc" />).<ref name=SwimSwam>{{cite web|last1=Race|first1=Loretta|title=2016 Rio Mascots to Star in Own Cartoon Network Series|url=https://swimswam.com/2016-rio-mascots-to-star-in-own-cartoon-network-series/|website=Swim Swam|publisher=Swim Swam Partners|access-date=22 August 2016|date=6 July 2015}}</ref> The series has 32 episodes. Each episode is two minutes long. ''Divertidos por Natureza'' is the third television cartoon series based on Olympic mascots. It is also the first cartoon created in the [[Americas]] based on Olympic mascots.<ref name="cn-rio">{{cite web|title=Rio 2016 mascots to become characters in new Cartoon Network series in Brazil |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/rio-2016-mascots-to-become-characters-in-new-cartoon-network-series-in-brazil |website=Rio 2016 |access-date=25 July 2016 |date=21 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921154327/https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/rio-2016-mascots-to-become-characters-in-new-cartoon-network-series-in-brazil |archive-date=21 September 2016 }}</ref> The show follows Vinicius and Tom as they live in Brazilian forests and cities.<ref name="cn-rio" /> The mascots are also sometimes joined by the "Carioca Sisters" ({{Lang-pt|Irmãs Cariocas}}). The sisters are named Bela, Sol, and Vida.<ref>{{cite web|title='Carioca Sisters' to join Rio 2016 mascots in new series on Cartoon Network |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/carioca-sisters-to-join-rio-2016-mascots-in-new-series-on-cartoon-network |website=Rio 2016 |publisher=Rio 2016 Organizing Committee |access-date=22 August 2016 |date=4 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922185941/https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/carioca-sisters-to-join-rio-2016-mascots-in-new-series-on-cartoon-network |archive-date=22 September 2016 }}</ref> The series is designed to promote the mascots. [[Turner Broadcasting System]], the owner of Cartoon Network, spent US$750,000 to develop the series. Cartoon Network helped to coproduce the series because it won a competition held by the Rio 2016 organizers to select a collaborator for the series.<ref name="cn-ipc">{{cite web|author1=Rio 2016|title=Rio 2016 mascots to star on Cartoon Network|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/rio-2016-mascots-star-cartoon-network|website=Official website of the Paralympic Movement|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|access-date=22 August 2016|date=22 June 2015}}</ref> Brand director Beth Lula said that the mascots "are one of the principal methods of engaging the public with the Games. The cartoon will give them life, reinforcing the emotional link of the public with the event."<ref name="SwimSwam" /> The series is targeted towards children, but the show's staff said that adults will like it too.<ref name="SwimSwam" /> ===Merchandise=== [[File:2016 Paralympics judo 57 kg women podium.jpg|thumb|left|Paralympic medalists in [[Judo at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's 57 kg|women's 57 kg judo]] hold plush dolls of Tom, with the leaves on Tom's head colored to correspond with their medals.]] The mascots were included among the merchandise of the Rio 2016 Games. Merchandise items ranged in size from a [[Lego]] kit to life-size dolls.<ref name=aroundtheweb>{{cite web|last1=Wheeler |first1=Alice |title=Rio Merchandise Superstores Doing Booming Business |url=http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__56965/Title__Rio-Merchandise-Superstores-Doing-Booming-Business/292/Articles |website=Around the Rings |publisher=Around the Rings |access-date=22 August 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160822165817/http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__56965/Title__Rio-Merchandise-Superstores-Doing-Booming-Business/292/Articles |archive-date=22 August 2016 |location=Rio de Janeiro |date=10 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The organizers gave Paralympic medalists stuffed toys of Tom. They colored the leaves on the dolls' heads in gold, silver, or bronze in order to match with their medals.<ref name="roc-innovativemedals">{{cite web|title=Rio 2016 unveils innovative medals for Paralympic Games |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/news/rio-2016-reveals-innovative-medals-for-paralympic-games |publisher=Rio 2016 Organizing Committee |access-date=12 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220125707/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/news/rio-2016-reveals-innovative-medals-for-paralympic-games |archive-date=20 December 2016 }} Verification can be found in the caption of one of the photographs in the article.</ref> The Vinicius and Tom Lego kit is the first time that Lego made a commercial version of Olympic mascots.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mascots Tom and Vinicius debut Lego look for Rio 2016 |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/mascots-tom-and-vinicius-debut-lego-look-for-rio-2016 |website=Rio 2016 |access-date=16 August 2016 |date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827130441/https://www.rio2016.com/en/news/mascots-tom-and-vinicius-debut-lego-look-for-rio-2016 |archive-date=27 August 2016 }}</ref> An employee at a Rio 2016 merchandise store said that the mascots were "the most popular thing by far. ... Kids and adults all love them, especially Vinicius, he is the favourite."<ref name="aroundtheweb" /> The Rio 2016 Organizing Committee thought that the mascots could make up a quarter of merchandise sales in Rio.<ref name="SwimSwam" /> Overall, merchandise sales were 11 percent higher than what they thought, according to Rio 2016 spokesperson Mario Andrada.<ref name="Wyshynski" /> The best-selling item was a hat in the shape of Vinicius's head. The second-best-selling item was a pair of [[Havaianas]] with a drawing of Vinicius on it.<ref name="Wyshynski">{{cite web|last1=Wyshynski|first1=Greg|title=What were the top 3 best-selling items at Rio Olympics?|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/what-were-top-3-best-selling-items-at-rio-olympics-192158460.html|website=Yahoo Sports|publisher=Yahoo|access-date=16 September 2016|date=21 August 2016|archive-date=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003084115/http://sports.yahoo.com/news/what-were-top-3-best-selling-items-at-rio-olympics-192158460.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{clear}} == Reception == [[File:Parque Olímpico da Barra da Tijuca em 2015 01.jpg|thumbnail|Vinicius at the [[Barra Olympic Park]] in [[Barra da Tijuca]], photographed in August 2015|right|220x220px]] Julia Glum wrote about Vinicius and Tom in an article in the ''[[International Business Times]].'' She said that the "mascot for the Olympic Games is almost always strange-looking, and Rio de Janeiro is no exception. ... though they're by far not the craziest Olympic animals to ever exist ..."<ref name=Glum>{{cite web|last1=Glum|first1=Julia|title=Meet Olympics Mascot Vinicius: Facts About The Rio 2016 Character Promoting The Summer Games|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/meet-olympics-mascot-vinicius-facts-about-rio-2016-character-promoting-summer-games-2398235|website=International Business Times|publisher=IBT Media|access-date=16 August 2016|date=5 August 2016}}</ref> In an article published by ''[[Mic (media company)|Mic]]'', Brianna Provenzano called the mascots "lovable". She described their appearance as "sweet and simple", and she highlighted their [[symbolism]]s for the animals and plants of Brazil.<ref name=Mic>{{cite web|last1=Provenzano|first1=Brianna|title=Who Are the Rio 2016 Olympics’ Mascots? What to Know About Vinicius and Tom|url=https://mic.com/articles/150180/who-are-the-rio-2016-olympics-mascots-what-to-know-about-vinicius-and-tom|website=News.Mic|publisher=Mic|access-date=16 August 2016|date=30 July 2016}}</ref> On the other hand, Charlotte Wilder wrote an article in ''[[USA Today]]''{{'}}s sports column ''For The Win.'' She said that she was unimpressed by Vinicius's design: "Whoever was in charge of coming up with this creature of the huge hands and feet did exactly what it looks like, which is mash up a bunch of animals, video game characters, and cartoons, stuff it with some synthetic filling, and call it day."<ref name="Wilder">{{cite web|url=http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/08/rio-olympics-mascot-weird-history-of-olympic-mascots|title=The Rio Olympics mascot is totally bizarre, but Olympics mascots are never normal|date=4 August 2016|website=For the Win|publisher=USA Today|last1=Wilder|first1=Charlotte|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Robert John Young, Professor of Wildlife Conservation at the [[University of Salford]], thought that Rio 2016 should have given more attention to [[environmental protection]] by using actual animal species instead of inventing their own animal.<ref name="Young">{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/pokemon-style-rio-2016-mascots-will-do-nothing-to-help-brazilian-wildlife-34736|title=Pokémon-style Rio 2016 mascots will do nothing to help Brazilian wildlife|last=Young|first=Robert John|date=28 November 2014|website=The Conservation|publisher=The Conservation US|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> Young also thought that the organizers should have included a female name in the public vote.<ref name="Young" /> [[File:Usain Bolt Rio 100m final 2016b.jpg|left|thumb|[[Usain Bolt]] carries a plush doll of Vinicius after winning the [[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|men's 100 metre]] event.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Plaschke|first1=Bill|title=Usain Bolt is electrifying both during and after winning his third 100-meter gold|url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/la-sp-oly-100-bolt-plaschke-20160814-snap-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Los Angeles Times|access-date=26 August 2016|date=14 August 2016}}</ref>]] Carlos Merigo wrote on Brazilian website ''B9'' that the mascots bring back "the colorful, loving and fun atmosphere that marked the Olympic mascots over the decades". Merigo called them a "return to origins" following the "shapelessness" of [[Wenlock and Mandeville]], the mascots of the [[2012 Summer Olympics]] in [[London]].<ref name="B9">{{cite web|last1=Merigo|first1=Carlos|title=Assista a abertura de “Vinicius & Tom – Divertidos por Natureza”, desenho animado dos mascotes Rio 2016|url=http://www.b9.com.br/59840/entretenimento/assista-a-abertura-de-vinicius-tom-divertidos-por-natureza-desenho-animado-dos-mascotes-rio-2016/|website=B9|publisher=Brainstorm 9|access-date=18 August 2016|language=pt|date=4 August 2015}}</ref> Neha Prakash wrote an article on [[digital media]] website ''[[Mashable]]''. Prakash said that Vinicius and Tom "are more nostalgia-inducing than nightmarish" compared to the "terror" of the [[2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots|mascots of the 2014 Winter Olympics]].<ref name="Prakash" /> Many people compared the art style of the mascots to that of the ''[[Pokémon]]'' franchise.<ref name="Johnston" /><ref name="Young" /><ref name="Prakash">{{cite web|last1=Prakash|first1=Neha|title=Everyone thinks the Rio 2016 Olympic mascots look like Pokemon|url=http://mashable.com/2014/11/25/rio-2016-olympic-mascots/#HNFMfTCCSPqt|website=Mashable|access-date=16 September 2016|date=25 November 2014}}</ref> Stephen Wood wrote an article on the history of Olympic mascots in ''[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]'', and he compared them to the style of ''[[Adventure Time]]'', an American animated television series.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wood|first1=Stephen|title=A Brief History of Olympic Mascots|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2016/08/a-brief-history-of-olympic-mascots.html|website=Paste Magazine|publisher=Paste Media Group|access-date=16 September 2016|date=21 August 2016}}</ref> In an article published on [[Slate (magazine)|''Slate'']]'s culture blog ''Brow Beat'', Matthew Dessem wrote that there were no big problems with the mascots when compared to previous Olympic mascots: "Like the best Olympic mascots of yore, Vinicius and Tom are well-suited to plush toys and licensing deals and will be completely forgotten within a year."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/08/06/fatso_the_fat_arsed_wombat_was_the_best_olympic_mascot_ever.html|title=History’s Greatest Olympic Mascot Is Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat|last=Dessem|first=Matthew|date=6 August 2016|website=Brow Beat|publisher=Slate|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> Leila Cobo wrote an article published by [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']], and she praised the organizers of Rio 2016 for "celebrating music in a most joyful and profound way" by naming the Olympic mascot after Vinicius de Moraes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7454442/vinicius-de-moraes-rio-olympics-mascot-inspiration|title=5 Things to Know About Vinicius de Moraes, Inspiration Behind Rio's Olympic Mascot|last=Cobo|first=Leila|date=1 August 2016|website=Billboard|publisher=Billboard|access-date=16 August 2016}}</ref> {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category|2016 Summer Olympics mascots}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160824160301/https://www.rio2016.com/mascots/ Official website (archived)] * {{YouTube|playlist=PLNv6oVicHp4C7fropQQizI5bfAEIZZDQL|title=''Vinicius e Tom – Divertidos por Natureza''}} – the animated shorts, published on the official YouTube channel of Rio 2016 * [http://www.birdo.com.br Birdo Studio] – official website of the studio that created the mascots {{S-start}} {{Succession box|title=''[[List of Olympic mascots|Olympic mascot]]'' <br /> Vinicius|before= [[2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots|Polar Bear, Hare, Leopard]]|after=[[Soohorang and Bandabi|Soohorang]]|years=''Rio 2016''}} {{Succession box|title=''[[List of Paralympic mascots|Paralympic mascot]]'' <br /> Tom|before=[[2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots|Ray of Light, Snowflake]]|after=[[Soohorang and Bandabi|Bandabi]]|years=''Rio 2016''}} {{S-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vinicius and Tom}} [[Category:2016 Summer Olympics]] 3pghhvl544cl1khfaxu6somjaszv0pm 10 659468 10882830 10881997 2026-06-10T01:33:10Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10882830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=24814 |ed=27788 |created=1 |deleted=3697 |revdel=150 |eventdel=3 |restored=41 |blocked=1252 |protected=101 |unprotected=0 |rights=51 |reblock=80 |unblock=8 |modify=13 |filter=1 |merge=2 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=148 |style={{{style|}}}}} bwe8qban23hid4e73tym1avuqdne8oa 0 672289 10883066 10794564 2026-06-10T10:47:31Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10883066 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Winco Foods''' is an [[United States|American]] [[Supermarket|grocery]] chain. It sells groceries for a discounted price.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases.detail.html//content/prnewswire/us/en/news-releases.detail.html/winco-foods-announces-grand-opening-of-new-store-in-roy-utah-97146739.html.html|title=WinCo Foods Announces Grand Opening of New Store in Roy, Utah|last=LLC|first=WinCo Foods|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lasvegassun.com/news/2012/mar/05/attention-shoppers-winco-foods-opens-its-doors-two/|title=Attention shoppers: WinCo Foods opens 2 stores in Southern Nevada - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper|last=Valley|first=Jackie|date=2012-03-05|website=lasvegassun.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://business.time.com/2013/08/07/meet-the-low-key-low-cost-grocery-chain-being-called-wal-marts-worst-nightmare/|title=Meet the Low-Key, Low-Cost Grocery Chain Being Called ‘Walmart’s Worst Nightmare’|last=Tuttle|first=Brad|work=Time|access-date=2018-12-15|language=en-US|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=2013-09-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906005608/http://business.time.com/2013/08/07/meet-the-low-key-low-cost-grocery-chain-being-called-wal-marts-worst-nightmare/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The company is based in [[Boise, Idaho]], and operates in Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, [[Oklahoma]], Oregon, [[Texas]], [[Utah]], and Washington. [[File:WinCo Foods at Crossroads at Orenco Station - Hillsboro, Oregon.JPG|thumb|WinCo Foods at Crossroads at Orenco Station - Hillsboro, Oregon]] The company cuts costs by buying directly from manufacturers and farmers, operating basic no-frills stores, and requiring customers to bag their purchases.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Tuttle |first=Brad |date=August 7, 2013 |title=Meet the Low-Key, Low-Cost Grocery Chain Being Called 'Walmart's Worst Nightmare' |url=https://business.time.com/2013/08/07/meet-the-low-key-low-cost-grocery-chain-being-called-wal-marts-worst-nightmare/ |access-date=August 16, 2015 |magazine=Time }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1775249/winco-cheaper-than-costco-and-sams-club/ |title=The Warehouse Grocery Store That's Even Cheaper Than Costco And Sam's Club |first=Andi |last=Prewitt |website=Tasting Table |date=February 4, 2025 |access-date=February 5, 2025}}</ref> The company also does not accept credit cards for payment to avoid the fees that card issuers charge for their usage. (Debit and government benefit cards are accepted.)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wincofoods.com/customer-service/faqs/#creditcards |title=FAQs |date=August 14, 2020 |publisher=WinCo Foods |access-date=November 4, 2021}}</ref> == History == Winco Foods, originally called Waremart,<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us {{!}} WinCo Foods|url=https://www.wincofoods.com/about/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104033819/https://www.wincofoods.com/about|archive-date=2019-01-04|access-date=2018-12-15|website=www.wincofoods.com}}</ref> was founded by [[Ralph Ward]] and [[Bud Williams]] in 1967. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.wincofoods.com WinCo Foods Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110063139/https://www.wincofoods.com/ |date=2019-01-10 }} [[Category:Supermarkets of the United States]] [[Category:1967 establishments in the United States]] [[Category:1960s establishments in Idaho]] [[Category:Boise, Idaho]] [[Category:Companies based in Idaho]] {{US-stub}} 08a2ev0mfyo4jrm1xsdxnuy0znszkzy 0 680829 10882402 10757777 2026-06-09T15:38:43Z ~2026-34088-24 1819146 deltarune chapter 5 release date 10882402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Deltarune | image = Deltarune vector logo.svg | developer = Toby Fox | publisher = Toby Fox | series = ''[[Undertale]]'' | engine = GameMaker Studio 2<ref name="enginesource">{{cite web|last=Kim|first=Matt|title=Undertale Creator's New Game Also Has an Uninstalling Bug |url=https://www.usgamer.net/articles/undertale-creators-new-game-also-has-an-uninstalling-bug|website=[[Eurogamer|USgamer]]|access-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118235609/https://www.usgamer.net/articles/undertale-creators-new-game-also-has-an-uninstalling-bug|archive-date=18 November 2018|date=31 October 2018|quote=But Fox says that they used Game Maker Studio 2's default uninstaller so the problem could lie somewhere else.|url-status=live}}</ref> | platforms = {{ubl|[[macOS]]|[[Windows]]|[[Nintendo Switch]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Nintendo Switch 2]]|[[PlayStation 5]]}} | released = {{Collapsible list|title=Chapter 1|'''macOS, Windows'''|October 31, 2018|'''Switch, PS4'''|February 28, 2019|'''PlayStation 5'''|{{Video game release|NA|June 4, 2025|EU|June 4, 2025|JP|June 5, 2025}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''{{Video game release|WW|June 5, 2025}}}}{{Collapsible list|title=Chapter 2|'''macOS, Windows'''|September 17, 2021|''' Switch, PS4'''|September 23, 2021|'''PlayStation 5'''|{{Video game release|NA|June 4, 2025|EU|June 4, 2025|JP|June 5, 2025}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''{{Video game release|WW|June 5, 2025}}}}{{Collapsible list|title=Chapters 3+4|'''macOS, Windows, Switch, PS4, PS5'''|{{Video game release|NA|June 4, 2025|EU|June 4, 2025|JP|June 5, 2025}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''{{Video game release|WW|June 5, 2025}}}}{{Collapsible list|title=Chapter 5|'''macOS, Windows, Switch, Switch 2, PS4, PS5'''{{Video game release|WW|June 24,2026}}}} | genre = [[Role-playing video game|Role-playing]] | modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]] | writer = Toby Fox | composer = Toby Fox }} '''''Deltarune''''' is a [[role-playing video game]]. It was created by [[United States|American]] [[Indie game|indie developer]] [[Toby Fox]]. In the game, the player controls a human named Kris. The game is [[Setting (fiction)|set]] in a world where [[monster|monsters]] live on the surface of the [[Earth]]. Kris and their monster classmate, Susie, fall from Earth into a place called the "Dark World," where they meet a prince named Ralsei. Ralsei tells them that the three of them are [[hero|heroes]] [[Fate|destined]] to restore balance to the world. Through the fighting system, the player meets different enemies who attack by shooting small missiles which the player must dodge (a video game genre known as [[bullet hell]]). These encounters can be resolved peacefully or by fighting back. ''Deltarune'' is a [[spin-off]] of Fox's earlier game, ''[[Undertale]]''. The game has many of the same [[Fictional character|characters]] and settings from ''Undertale''. But, according to Fox, the games are not set in the same world. The first chapter of the game was released on October 31, 2018 for [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[macOS]]. A version for [[Nintendo Switch]] and [[PlayStation 4]] was released in February 28, 2019. The second chapter was released on Windows and macOS in September 17, 2021. The third and fourth chapters came out at the same time on June 5, 2025, along with the release of the [[Nintendo Switch 2]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-08|title=Toby Fox Confirms 2025 Release for Deltarune Chapter 3 & 4 {{!}} RPGFan|url=https://www.rpgfan.com/2024/11/08/deltarune-chapter-3-4-release-in-2025/#:~:text=I|access-date=2025-04-03|website=www.rpgfan.com|language=en-US}}</ref> These chapters costed money, unlike chapters 1 and 2, which were released for free. The graphics of the game are similar to 16-bit [[Japan|Japanese]] role-playing games such as ''[[EarthBound]]'', ''[[Mario & Luigi: Superstar Saga]]'' and ''[[Chrono Trigger]]''.<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Alexander|first=Avery|title=Review: Surprise spin-off 'Deltarune' is a delight {{!}} The Ithacan|url=https://theithacan.org/life-culture/review-surprise-spin-off-deltarune-is-a-delight/|access-date=2018-11-15|website=theithacan.org|language=en}}</ref> == Gameplay == Similar to ''Undertale'', ''Deltarune'' is a role-playing game that uses a [[Perspective (graphical)|top-down perspective]]. The player controls a human named Kris. They have to complete [[Task|objectives]] in order to progress through the game. When fighting, the player can choose the actions of their [[wikt:party|party]] members.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kris - Deltarune Wiki Guide - IGN|url=https://ca.ign.com/wikis/deltarune/Kris|access-date=2018-11-15|website=IGN|language=en}}</ref> Combat in ''Deltarune'' is similar to other turn-based role-playing games. Players can choose from a set of actions such as Fight or [[wikt:spare|Spare]]. The game also has TP (Tension Points). These can be used to allow team members to use [[Witchcraft|spells]] such as Ralsei's Pacify spell.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|title=Hands-on: Undertale creator releases surprise sequel, Deltarune|work=Gamecrate|url=https://www.gamecrate.com/hands-undertale-creator-releases-surprise-sequel-deltarune/21245|access-date=November 15, 2018|archive-date=November 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115195119/https://www.gamecrate.com/hands-undertale-creator-releases-surprise-sequel-deltarune/21245|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Plot == === Chapter 1 - Beginning === Upon starting the game for the first time, the player can create an avatar, referred to by a weird voice as a "vessel". After making this vessel, it is thrown away, with the player being told that "No one can choose who they are in this world". The player begins with the story controlling Kris, a human who lives with their [[Adoption|adoptive]] mother Toriel, a goat-like monster. Toriel drops Kris off at school, where Kris goes to a class taught by Alphys, a lizard-like monster. Susie, another lizard-like monster who is Kris' classmate, is sent to get chalk for the blackboard from the supply closet along with Kris. After Kris and Susie enter the supply closet, both of them are pulled into the "Dark World". There, they meet Ralsei, a prince of the dark, who tells them that the three of them are heroes destined to close a geyser of dark energy (Called a Dark Fountain) to restore balance to that world. However, a Darkner (Someone living in a Dark World), King, has seized control of the Dark World and wants to spread darkness. Susie chooses not to help, only wanting to return to her own world. However, the three encounter Lancer, King's son, who tries to stop them from getting further with various poorly thought out plans. Susie eventually decides to join Lancer, leaving Kris and Ralsei on their own. As Kris and Ralsei make their way to the King's castle, Susie makes friends with Lancer, and the four eventually become a team. Upon realizing that they will have to face the King, Lancer runs off to the castle and tells the King's henchmen to throw Kris, Ralsei, and Susie into the dungeon. Susie escapes the dungeon and confronts Lancer, who explains he wanted to keep Susie and the King from hurting each other. Susie promises Lancer she won't hurt the King. Kris, Susie and Ralsei go to the top of the castle and battle the King. Eventually, the King falls to the ground in exhaustion and Ralsei heals him. However, this is revealed to be a ruse as the King quickly stops the three heroes from being able to act, threatening to kill them all. If the player has not ended previous battles by fighting throughout the game, Lancer turns the King's men against him and imprisons him, taking his father's place. Otherwise, Ralsei stops the King with a magic spell. The group closes the Dark Fountain, so Kris and Susie can return to their own world. There, Susie says goodbye, mentioning that she wants to go to the Dark World again. The player can explore the town before having Kris go home to bed. That night, Kris, without player input, shakes in bed, then falls on the floor, and limps to the center of the room. Kris tears into their chest and rips out their soul, throwing it into a birdcage in the corner of the room. Kris draws a knife and turns toward the viewer. They smile, with their right eye flashing red.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wan|first=Zhiqing|date=November 1, 2018|title=Deltarune: Story and Ending Explained (Spoilers)|url=https://twinfinite.net/2018/11/deltarune-story-ending-explained/|access-date=2018-11-19|website=twinfinite.net|language=en-US}}</ref> === Chapter 2 - A Cyber's World === The day after Chapter 1 takes place, it is discovered that when Kris pulled out the knife, they had only did it to eat an entire pie. Kris meets up with Susie outside of the classroom after class and revisits the Dark World, after being invited to study in the library by Noelle. While in the closet, confused, Susie asks where everyone is. Ralsei asks Kris to gather the objects from the abandoned classroom and move them into the closet. After doing this, Castle Town becomes populated. When Kris goes to leave, Susie complains about the group project, only to have Ralsei banish them from the closet until they start it. When they arrive at the Library (misspelled in the game as "Libarby"), they enter the computer lab and find another Dark World. There, they reunite with Ralsei, and meet Queen, the [[Antagonist|main antagonist]] of the chapter. The party then sees Noelle captured by Queen, and end up playing against Queen in an [[arcade game]] similar to [[Punch-Out!! (Wii)|Punch-Out!!]]. The group explores Cyber Field. Queen eventually captures everyone, but Kris and Susie end up getting out and get Berdly to switch sides before later coming back together with Ralsei. Queen reveals that the Dark Fountain was created by an person known as the Roaring Knight, and that she wants to make Noelle to open a Fountain, which any person in the Light World (the "normal" world) can do. She threatens Noelle and the party with a giant mech, but they manage to make her realize how she was wrong. Berdly then tries to create a Fountain, but Ralsei warns him that opening too many Fountains will cause an [[Apocalypse|apocalyptic]] "Roaring". Kris closes the Fountain, and everyone wakes up in the computer lab in the Library. Noelle and Berdly say the events as just a dream. Kris heads home and Toriel invites Susie to stay at their house. While Susie and Toriel are making pie, Kris secretly rips out their soul, locks it in the bathroom, and shortly leaves the house off-screen. Toriel finds her car tires with slashes in them, making her call the police. After everyone else falls asleep, Kris rips out their soul again and creates a Dark Fountain in the living room by stabbing the floor with their knife. === Chapter 3 - Late Night === Kris and Susie wake up in the Dark World Kris created last chapter. After reuniting with Ralsei, they meet Tenna, a Darkner created from Toriel's television, who convinces the party to play in different [[game show]] segments. Sneaking away from Tenna, the party discovers Toriel captured by Tenna inside of a giant toy capsule. The party demands that Tenna stop the games, allowing them to seal the fountain and return home with Toriel, but he refused. Feeling abandoned and useless, he explains that the Roaring Knight promised him popularity in trade for keeping the Fountain open. After the party defeats Tenna, Ralsei and Susie comfort him, explaining that he has already spent years bringing joy and can find love and appreciation in another household. However, he is suddenly attacked (and presumably killed) by the Knight, who also trie to capture Toriel. The party then fights the Knight and is, eventually, inevitably defeated no matter what, only to be rescued by the arrival of police officer Undyne, who the Knight kidnaps. Kris and Susie chase the Knight through the Light World until reaching a locked bunker which appears to have a Dark Fountain inside of it. The door shuts before they can enter, but they discover a lock requiring three numeric codes. Susie runs back to Kris's home to rescue Toriel. The chapter ends with the bunker door opening in front of Kris. === Chapter 4 - Prophecy === After Kris and Susie close the living room Fountain that was in Chapter 3, Toriel wakes them and they go to church. Asking neighbors about the bunker, the two end up with the information that their best idea on the codes is Noelle's mother, Mayor Carol Holiday. They visit the Holidays' house, where Susie distracts Noelle while Kris searches. In the bedroom of Noelle's missing sister Dess, Kris finds a code in a guitar, but Kris rips out their soul before it can be fully read. The player-controlled soul enters the house's ventilation, finding Kris on the phone with someone who talks about the Roaring Knight's actions and tells them to stop Susie from getting the guitar. Kris fails to stop Susie finding the guitar and returns the soul to their body, but Carol returns home and bans Susie from the house before she can memorize the code. When they come back to the church, Kris and Susie find it became a Dark World that has parts of the prophecy. In the Dark World, they reunite with Ralsei again and find an old man formed from the ashes of dead Light World person Gerson Boom. Ralsei shares that he has been hiding parts of the prophecy from Kris and Susie because he believes the truth would be too upsetting. The party encounters the Roaring Knight, who opens a Fountain within the Dark World, creating a "Titan", something that helps bring the Roaring. The party defeats the Titan with help from Gerson. Against Ralsei's protests, Susie runs ahead and sees the ending of the prophecy. She smashes it like glass before the player sees, saying it was something the party would never let happen. After sealing the Fountain, they return home to find Toriel drunk with the grocery store janitor, Sans. Susie leaves and Kris, alone in their bedroom, is reminded by the unknown caller on their phone of a promise Kris made. == Development == ''Deltarune'' was developed by Fox in GameMaker Studio 2.<ref name="enginesource2">{{cite web|last=Kim|first=Matt|title=Undertale Creator's New Game Also Has an Uninstalling Bug |url=https://www.usgamer.net/articles/undertale-creators-new-game-also-has-an-uninstalling-bug|website=[[Eurogamer|USgamer]]|access-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118235609/https://www.usgamer.net/articles/undertale-creators-new-game-also-has-an-uninstalling-bug|archive-date=18 November 2018|date=31 October 2018|quote=But Fox says that they used Game Maker Studio 2's default uninstaller so the problem could lie somewhere else.|url-status=live}}</ref> The game introduces a new battle system influenced by the ''[[Final Fantasy]]'' franchise, contrasting with the original game's combat system (which was inspired by that of the ''[[Mother (series)|Mother]]'' series). Some of the music in the game remixes much of the soundtrack of ''Undertale'', but most pieces are new. The main game uses sounds from ''EarthBound'', while battle music is similar to ''Breath of Fire III'' music, and even Lancer's theme is similar to J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai's opening theme. The game also has many similarities with ''Undertale'' in the name of characters, for example, Ralsei is an [[anagram]] of Asriel (a character from ''Undertale'') and Kris (the main character from ''Deltarune'') is almost an anagram of Frisk (the main character from ''Undertale''). The name of the game, ''Deltarune'', is an anagram of ''Undertale''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-10-31|title=Deltarune, anagram of Undertale, was released today. We played 84 minutes.|language=en-US|work=App Trigger|url=https://apptrigger.com/2018/10/31/deltarune-preview-undertale-84-minutes/|access-date=2018-11-18|archive-date=2018-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118035323/https://apptrigger.com/2018/10/31/deltarune-preview-undertale-84-minutes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Temmie Chang, who helped as artist on ''Undertale'', served as the main artist for the game, designing characters, sprites and animations. == Release == After previously teasing something ''Undertale''-related a day earlier on [[Twitter]], Fox released the first chapter of ''Deltarune'', a game "intended for people who have completed ''Undertale'',"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fox|first=Toby|title=DELTARUNE|url=https://www.deltarune.com/|access-date=2018-11-02|website=www.deltarune.com|language=en}}</ref> on October 31, 2018 for [[Windows]] and [[macOS]] for free.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 31, 2018|first=Patricia|last=Hernandez|title=Cult RPG Undertale gets a surprise spinoff for Halloween|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/31/18047410/undertale-spinoff-sequel-deltarune-toby-fox|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031151031/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/31/18047410/undertale-spinoff-sequel-deltarune-toby-fox|archive-date=October 31, 2018|access-date=October 31, 2018|website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> Fox said that this release is the first part of a new project, and considered the release a "survey program" to determine how to take the project further.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frank|first=Allegra|date=October 31, 2018|title=Undertale creator's new game is Deltarune, a mysterious surprise|url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/10/31/18044640/deltarune-free-download-undertale-game|access-date=November 1, 2018|website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref> Fox mentioned that ''Deltarune'' will be a larger project than ''Undertale''.<ref name="eg delta2">{{Cite web|last=Kent|first=Emma|date=November 2, 2018|title=Undertale creator suggests it's going to be a while before we see more Deltarune|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-11-02-undertale-creator-says-the-rest-of-deltarune-has-not-been-made-yet|access-date=November 2, 2018|website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> He plans for ''Deltarune'' to have only one ending. == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:2018 video games]] [[Category:Bullet hell video games]] [[Category:Episodic video games]] [[Category:Indie video games]] [[Category:LGBT-related video games]] [[Category:MacOS games]] [[Category:Metafictional video games]] [[Category:Role-playing video games]] [[Category:Video games about animals]] [[Category:Windows games]] hv06iyhze1nhzdrcnu4dwzwfhjvftbr 0 686883 10883089 10633045 2026-06-10T11:17:30Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10883089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military person |name = Witold Pilecki |image = Witold Pilecki in color.jpg |caption = Pilecki in a colorized pre-1939 photo |birth_date = {{birth date|1901|5|13|df=y}} |death_date = {{death date and age|1948|5|25|1901|5|13|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Olonets]], [[Olonets Governorate]] ([[Karelia]]). Russian Empire |death_place = [[Mokotów Prison]], Warsaw, [[Polish People's Republic]] |placeofburial = Unknown; possibly in [[Powązki Cemetery]] |allegiance = [[Second Polish Republic]]; [[Polish Government in Exile]] |alma_mater =* [[University of Poznań]], Faculty of Agriculture (1922) * [[Stepan Batory University]], Faculty of Fine Arts (1922–1924) |serviceyears = 1918–1947 |rank = Captain, Cavalry master |commands =* Commander of the 1st Lidsky Squadron (1932–1937) * Deputy Commander of the 41st Infantry Division (1939) * Organizer of the [[Secret Polish Army]] (1939–1940) * Organizer of the [[Związek Organizacji Wojskowej|Union of Military Organizations]] (1940–1943) * Commander of the Warszawianka Company (1944) |battles = [[Polish–Soviet War]] * [[Vilna offensive|Wilno Offensive (1919)]] * [[Kiev Offensive (1920)]] * [[First Battle of Grodno (1920)]] * [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)]] [[Polish-Lithuanian War]] * [[Żeligowski's Mutiny]] (1920) [[World War II]] * [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|September Campaign]] (1939) * [[Warsaw Uprising]] (1944) |awards = {{plainlist| *[[File:POL Order Orła Białego BAR.svg|border|23px]] [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]] *[[File:POL Polonia Restituta Komandorski BAR.svg|border|23px]] [[Order of Polonia Restituta]] *[[File:POL Krzyż Walecznych BAR.svg|border|23px]] [[Cross of Valour (Poland)|Cross of Valour]] (2) *[[File:POL Srebrny Krzyż Zasługi BAR.svg|border|23px]] Silver [[Cross of Merit (Poland)|Cross of Merit]]}} }} '''Witold Pilecki''' (13 May 1901 – 25 May 1948) was a [[Poland|Polish]] resistance leader against [[Nazi Germany]] during [[World War II]]. He was also a spy, and [[cavalry]] officer. He was a captain in the Polish Army during World War II and the [[Polish-Soviet War]]. He was also one of the creators of the [[Secret Polish Army]], which was a resistance group in German-occupied Poland. He was the writer of [[Witold's Report]], the first spy report on [[Auschwitz]], a German [[concentration camp]], and the [[Holocaust]].<ref>[[Marco Patricelli]], Il volontario, Laterza, Roma 2010,</ref> His religion was [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], a Christian group.<ref name="The man who volunteered for Auschwitz: the greatest story never told2">The Book Heaven, [http://bookhaven.stanford.edu/2012/06/the-man-who-volunteered-for-auschwitz-the-greatest-story-never-told/ The man who volunteered for Auschwitz: the greatest story never told] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630081918/http://bookhaven.stanford.edu/2012/06/the-man-who-volunteered-for-auschwitz-the-greatest-story-never-told/ |date=2013-06-30 }}, Stanford University. Posted 10 June 2012.</ref> During World War II, Pilecki signed up to be jailed in Auschwitz, a German concentration camp, to tell the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] about what is inside, and then escape.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paliwoda|first=D|date=2013|title=Captain Witold Pilecki|url=|journal=Military Review|volume=93|issue=6|pages=88–96|via=ProQuest}}</ref> While inside the camp, he created a rebellion and told the Allies about the terrible things happening in Auschwitz as early as 1941.<ref>[[M. Patricelli]], cit., pp.53-180.</ref> He escaped from the camp in 1943.<ref>[[M. Patricelli]], cit., pp. 181-202.</ref> He was a soldier in the [[Warsaw Uprising]], which was an attack to free [[Warsaw]] from Nazi Germany. He was [[Arrest|arrested]] in 1947 by [[Soviet]] secret police, and killed by them in 1948. [[Knowledge]] of the killing was kept secret until 1989, when Poland revealed his death.<ref name="tch">{{harvnb|Tchorek|2009}}</ref><ref name="eh">{{harvnb|Piekarski|1990|p=249}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pilecki, Witold}} [[Category:1901 births]] [[Category:1948 deaths]] [[Category:Executed people]] [[Category:Prisoners of war]] [[Category:Polish military people]] [[Category:Polish Roman Catholics]] [[Category:World War II people]] [[Category:Polish murder victims]] [[Category:Nazi Germany]] [[Category:People from Karelia]] ijmartd4m49ihvpox3dckbgrxvcctse 0 689736 10882731 9057324 2026-06-09T23:21:27Z Creatoreoccasionale 692674 /* */ 10882731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Ittiri | image_skyline = Ittiri - Costume tradizionale (03).JPG | image_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|40.590|8.569}} | region = [[Sardinia]] | province = [[Province of Sassari|Sassari]] <!-- | frazioni = -->  | mayor_party =  <!-- | mayor = -->  | area_total_km2 =111.46 | population_total = 8,619 | population_as_of = 2016 | elevation_m = 400 | postal_code =  07044 | area_code =  079 | website = https://www.comune.ittiri.ss.it }} '''Ittiri''' (''Ìtiri Cannèdu'') is a [[town]] and ''[[Commune|comune]]'' (municipality) in the [[Province of Sassari]] in [[Sardinia]], [[Italy]]. As of 2016, 8,619 people lived there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Istituto Nazionale di Statistica - ''Bilancio demografico al 30/11/2016'' |url=http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index02.html |access-date=2019-04-12 |archive-date=2019-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311225842/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2016gen/index02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its area is 111.46&nbsp;km². It is 400 meters above sea level. == References == <references /> == Other websites == {{Commonscat-inline}} {{Communes in the Province of Sassari}} {{Europe-stub}} [[Category:Communes of the Province of Sassari]] j2oqmbfdds94uu7o5qwxx18bpm7qyas 0 693365 10882371 9121667 2026-06-09T14:43:25Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tommy Raudonikis.jpg|thumb|200px|Raudonikis in 2008]] '''Tommy Raudonikis''' {{Small|[[Medal of the Order of Australia|OAM]]}} (13 April 1950 – 7 April 2021) was an [[Australia]]n former [[rugby league]] player and [[coach (sport)|coach]]. He played as a halfback. He played for the [[Western Suburbs Magpies]] between 1969 and 1979, and the [[Newtown Jets]] for two seasons from 1980 to 1982. He also represented both [[New South Wales rugby league team|New South Wales]] and [[Australia national rugby league team|Australia]] from 1971 to 1980. He later coached the Western Suburbs Magpies and New South Wales in the 1990s. Raudonikis was born in [[Bathurst, New South Wales]], and grew up in [[Cowra]]. His father was [[Lithuania]]n and his mother was [[Swiss people|Swiss]]. After years of ill health,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://au.sports.yahoo.com/inoperable-rugby-league-legends-devastating-cancer-update-001812872.html|title='It's inoperable': Rugby league legend's devastating cancer update|work=Yahoo Sports|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|date=13 April 2019|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505003822/https://au.sports.yahoo.com/inoperable-rugby-league-legends-devastating-cancer-update-001812872.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Raudonikis died on 7 April 2021 of cancer on the [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] in [[Queensland]]. He was 70. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/tom-raudonikis/summary.html Tommy Raudonikis] at the Rugby League Project {{DEFAULTSORT:Raudonikis, Tommy}} [[Category:1945 births]] [[Category:2021 deaths]] [[Category:Australian rugby league players]] [[Category:Rugby league coaches]] [[Category:Order of Australia]] [[Category:Sportspeople from New South Wales]] {{Sports-bio-stub}} 9vzzepc2iuk61g2jwl7mnalgpzac8js 0 695912 10883088 10871609 2026-06-10T11:15:20Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Combined reigns */ 10883088 wikitext text/x-wiki The [[WWE United States Championship]] is a secondary [[professional wrestling]] [[Professional wrestling championship|championship]] contested in the American [[professional wrestling promotion|promotion]] [[WWE]] for the men of the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]]. It was also competed for in the [[National Wrestling Alliance]] (NWA), [[Jim Crockett Promotions]] and [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW). Right now the champion is [[Trick Williams]], who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating previous champion [[Sami Zayn]] on the second night of [[WrestleMania 42]] on April 19, 2026, in [[Paradise, Nevada]]. ==Title history== ===Names=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Name<ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name="wtushistory"/> !Years<ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name="wtushistory"/> |- |NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) |January 1, 1975 – January 27, 1981 |- |NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Undisputed version) |January 27, 1981 – 1991 |- |WCW United States (Heavyweight) Championship |1991 – 2001 |- |'''WWE United States Championship''' |2003 – present |} ===Reigns=== {{Professional wrestling title history top|active=yes|days2=yes|dayless=yes|unrecognized=yes}} {{PWtitlereign |sort number = 0.5 |type = promotion |name = [[National Wrestling Alliance]] (NWA) / [[Jim Crockett Promotions]] }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 1 |champion = [[Harley Race]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1975|01|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=01|year1=1975|month2=07|day2=03|year2=1975}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=01|year1=1975|month2=07|day2=03|year2=1975}} |location = [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee, FL]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Johnny Weaver]] in a tournament final to become the first NWA United States Heavyweight Champion for Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wcw/wcw-us-h.html|title=NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Championship history|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Wrestling-Titles.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ph1dIEDl?url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wcw/wcw-us-h.html|archive-date=2014-05-19}}</ref><ref name="ushistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/|title=WWE United States Championship official history|access-date=2007-04-10|publisher=WWE|url-status=live|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66wMUbTcU?url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates|archive-date=2012-04-15}}</ref><ref name=torch>{{cite web|title=Bring The Pain: Detailed history of U.S. Heavyweight Title|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/font_color_770000_TPFKATL_font_24/article_4597.shtml#.WDs2NPkrLIU|first=Mike|last=Sempervive|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|date=2003-07-20|access-date=2016-11-27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125045700/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/font_color_770000_TPFKATL_font_24/article_4597.shtml#.WDs2NPkrLIU|archive-date=2016-11-25}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 2 |champion = [[Johnny Valentine]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1975|07|03}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=03|year1=1975|month2=10|day2=04|year2=1975}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 2.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1975|10|04}} |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Johnny Valentine]] suffered a career-ending injury in a plane crash. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingFlair/planecrash-can.html|title=The plane crash that changed wrestling|author=Molinaro, John F.|work=Slam! Wrestling|access-date=January 5, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 3 |champion = [[Terry Funk]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1975|11|9}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=09|year1=1975|month2=11|day2=27|year2=1975}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=08|year1=1975|month2=11|day2=27|year2=1975}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Paul Jones (wrestler)|Paul Jones]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 4 |champion = [[Paul Jones (wrestler)|Paul Jones]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1975|11|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=27|year1=1975|month2=03|day2=13|year2=1976}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 5 |champion = [[Blackjack Mulligan]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1976|03|13}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=13|year1=1976|month2=10|day2=16|year2=1976}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=12|year1=1976|month2=10|day2=16|year2=1976}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 6 |champion = [[Paul Jones (wrestler)|Paul Jones]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1976|10|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=16|year1=1976|month2=11|day2=28|year2=1976}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = WWE lists the end of Jones' reign on November 28, 1976. |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 6.2 |type = unrecognized |champion = [[Blackjack Mulligan]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1976|11|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=28|year1=1976|month2=12|day2=09|year2=1976}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 6.3 |type = unrecognized |champion = [[Paul Jones (wrestler)|Paul Jones]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1976|12|09}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=09|year1=1976|month2=12|day2=15|year2=1976}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 7 |champion = [[Blackjack Mulligan]] |reign = 2⁽³⁾ |date = {{dts|1976|12|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=15|year1=1976|month2=07|day2=07|year2=1977}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 8 |champion = [[Bobo Brazil]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1977|07|07}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=07|year1=1977|month2=07|day2=29|year2=1977}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 9 |champion = [[Ric Flair]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1977|07|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=29|year1=1977|month2=10|day2=21|year2=1977}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/><ref name=F4W0729>{{cite web | url=http://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/day-pro-wrestling-history-july-29-ric-flair-vs-bobo-brazil-nick-bockwinkel-vs-mil | title=On this day in pro wrestling history (July 29): Ric Flair vs. Bobo Brazil, Nick Bockwinkel vs. Mil Mascaras | date=July 29, 2015 | access-date=February 18, 2017 | first=Brian | last=Hoops | publisher=Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219092251/http://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/day-pro-wrestling-history-july-29-ric-flair-vs-bobo-brazil-nick-bockwinkel-vs-mil | archive-date=February 19, 2017 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 10 |champion = [[Ricky Steamboat]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1977|10|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=21|year1=1977|month2=01|day2=01|year2=1978}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=20|year1=1977|month2=01|day2=01|year2=1978}} |location = [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, SC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 11 |champion = [[Blackjack Mulligan]] |reign = 3⁽⁴⁾ |date = {{dts|1978|01|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=01|year1=1978|month2=03|day2=19|year2=1978}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=31|year1=1977|month2=03|day2=19|year2=1978}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 12 |champion = [[Mr. Wrestling]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1978|03|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=19|year1=1978|month2=04|day2=09|year2=1978}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=18|year1=1978|month2=04|day2=09|year2=1978}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 13 |champion = [[Ric Flair]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1978|04|09}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=09|year1=1978|month2=12|day2=17|year2=1978}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=09|year1=1978|month2=12|day2=17|year2=1978}} |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 14 |champion = [[Ricky Steamboat]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1978|12|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=17|year1=1978|month2=04|day2=01|year2=1979}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=17|year1=1978|month2=04|day2=01|year2=1979}} |location = [[Toronto|Toronto, ON, Canada]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 15 |champion = [[Ric Flair]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1979|04|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=01|year1=1979|month2=08|day2=12|year2=1979}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=31|year1=1979|month2=08|day2=12|year2=1979}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 15.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1979|08|12}} |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Ric Flair]] won the [[WCW World Tag Team Championship|NWA World Tag Team Championship]] four days earlier. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 16 |champion = [[Jimmy Snuka]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1979|09|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=01|year1=1979|month2=04|day2=19|year2=1980}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=01|year1=1979|month2=04|day2=21|year2=1980}} |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Ricky Steamboat]] in a tournament final for the vacant title.<br>WWE lists the end of Snuka's reign on April 20, 1980. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/><ref name="SnukaFlair04191980">{{cite journal|date=2008|title=WCW/WWE U.S. Heavyweight Title|journal=Pro Wrestling Illustrated|volume=29|issue=5|pages=93–94|issn=1043-7576}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 17 |champion = [[Ric Flair]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|1980|04|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=19|year1=1980|month2=07|day2=26|year2=1980}} |days2 = 97 |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = WWE lists the start of Flair's reign on April 20, 1980, although in reality, he won the title on April 19, 1980. |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/><ref name="SnukaFlair04191980"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 17.1 |type = unrecognized |champion = [[Greg Valentine]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1980|07|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=26|year1=1980|month2=11|day2=24|year2=1980}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 17.2 |type = unrecognized |champion = [[Ric Flair]] |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|1980|11|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=24|year1=1980|month2=01|day2=27|year2=1981}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Although this reign is unrecognized, a WWE.com article calls Flair a six-time champion. |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Benigno|first1=Anthony|title=Ric Flair and David Flair — United States Championship|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/father-son-champions/page-8|publisher=WWE|access-date=16 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622225649/http://www.wwe.com/inside/father-son-champions/page-8|archive-date=June 22, 2015 |quote=The Dirtiest Player in the Game also had six stints with the United States Title, which is enough to build a legacy on in and of itself}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 18 |champion = [[Roddy Piper]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1981|01|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=27|year1=1981|month2=08|day2=08|year2=1981}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=26|year1=1981|month2=08|day2=08|year2=1981}} |location = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = The title became the undisputed NWA United States Heavyweight Championship in January 1981 after the NWA San Francisco office, the last other promotion to recognize its own United States Heavyweight Champion, closed. |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 19 |champion = [[Wahoo McDaniel]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1981|08|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=08|year1=1981|month2=09|day2=08|year2=1981}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=07|year1=1981|month2=09|day2=08|year2=1981}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 19.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1981|09|08}} |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Wahoo McDaniel]] was injured by [[Abdullah the Butcher]]. |ref = <ref name=torch/><ref name="slaughter1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 20 |champion = [[Sgt. Slaughter]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1981|10|04}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=04|year1=1981|month2=05|day2=21|year2=1982}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Ricky Steamboat]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name=torch/><ref name="slaughter1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001131910/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-01 |title=Sgt. Slaughter's first reign |access-date=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 21 |champion = [[Wahoo McDaniel]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1982|05|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=21|year1=1982|month2=06|day2=07|year2=1982}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=20|year1=1982|month2=06|day2=07|year2=1982}} |location = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 22 |champion = [[Sgt. Slaughter]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1982|06|07}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=07|year1=1982|month2=08|day2=22|year2=1982}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Awarded the title because [[Wahoo McDaniel]] was injured by [[Don Muraco]] and [[Roddy Piper]] before the match. |ref = <ref name=torch/><ref name="slaughter2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104143211/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454151 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-04 |title=Sgt. Slaughter's second reign |access-date=2007-04-09 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 23 |champion = [[Wahoo McDaniel]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1982|08|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=22|year1=1982|month2=11|day2=04|year2=1982}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=21|year1=1982|month2=11|day2=04|year2=1982}} |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 24 |champion = [[Greg Valentine]] |reign = 1⁽²⁾ |date = {{dts|1982|11|4}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=04|year1=1982|month2=04|day2=16|year2=1983}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 25 |champion = [[Roddy Piper]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1983|04|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=16|year1=1983|month2=04|day2=30|year2=1983}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=15|year1=1983|month2=04|day2=30|year2=1983}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 26 |champion = [[Greg Valentine]] |reign = 2⁽³⁾ |date = {{dts|1983|04|30}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=30|year1=1983|month2=12|day2=14|year2=1983}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=29|year1=1983|month2=12|day2=14|year2=1983}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Valentine won when [[Roddy Piper]] suffered a large cut over his left ear and the referee stopped the match. |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/><ref name=torch/><ref name="pwivalentine2">{{cite journal|title=PWI 2002 Wrestling Almanac and Book of Facts|journal=The ... Wrestling Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=[[Kappa Publishing Group|London Publishing]]|location=[[Ambler, Pennsylvania|Ambler, PA]]|quote=Greg Valentine was awarded the title when the match was halted due to a bloody gash over Roddy Piper's left ear that rendered him unable to continue.|page=120|issn=1043-7576|year=2002}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 27 |champion = [[Dick Slater]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1983|12|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=14|year1=1983|month2=04|day2=21|year2=1984}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Shelby, North Carolina|Shelby, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 28 |champion = [[Ricky Steamboat]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1984|04|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=21|year1=1984|month2=06|day2=24|year2=1984}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 29 |champion = [[Wahoo McDaniel]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|1984|06|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=24|year1=1984|month2=07|day2=01|year2=1984}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="ushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 29.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1984|07|01}} |days2 = yes |notes = [[Wahoo McDaniel]] was stripped of the title because [[Tully Blanchard]] interferied in McDaniel's title defense. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 30 |champion = [[Wahoo McDaniel]] |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|1984|10|07}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=07|year1=1984|month2=03|day2=23|year2=1985}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=06|year1=1984|month2=03|day2=23|year2=1985}} |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Manny Fernandez (wrestler)|Manny Fernandez]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 31 |champion = [[Magnum T.A.]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1985|03|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=23|year1=1985|month2=07|day2=21|year2=1985}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[NWA Worldwide Wrestling]] |ref = <ref name="magnum1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541214 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050719010006/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541214 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-19 |title=Magnum T.A.'s first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 32 |champion = [[Tully Blanchard]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1985|07|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=21|year1=1985|month2=11|day2=28|year2=1985}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | |ref = <ref name="blanchard1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231053728/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412113 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Tully Blanchard's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 33 |champion = [[Magnum T.A.]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1985|11|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=28|year1=1985|month2=05|day2=29|year2=1986}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=28|year1=1985|month2=05|day2=01|year2=1986}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[Starrcade (1985)|Starrcade]] |notes = This was an [["I Quit" match|"I Quit"]] [[Professional wrestling match types#Steel Cage match|steel cage match]].<br>WWE lists the end of Magnum T.A.'s reign on May 1, 1986. |ref = <ref name="magnum2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541223 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231051638/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541223 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Magnum T.A.'s second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref name="starrcade85">{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wcw/starrcad.html#85|title=Starrcade 1985 results|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments|quote=Magnum TA beat Tully Blanchard (16:00) in a "steel cage I quit" match to win the NWA U.S. Title.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDPtWIh6?url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wcw/starrcad.html#85|archive-date=2013-04-28}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 33.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1986|05|29}} |days2 = yes |notes = [[Magnum T.A.]] was stripped of the title for attacking NWA president [[Bob Geigel]]. |ref = <ref name="magnum2"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 34 |champion = [[Nikita Koloff]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1986|08|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=17|year1=1986|month2=07|day2=11|year2=1987}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Magnum T.A.]] in a best of seven series for the vacant title,<ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name="pwikoloff1">{{cite journal|title=2002 Wrestling Almanac and Book of Facts|journal=The ... Wrestling Almanac and Book of Facts|publisher=[[Kappa Publishing Group|London Publishing]]|location=[[Ambler, Pennsylvania|Ambler, PA]]|quote=This match was the final bout in a best-of-seven series to fill the vacancy created in May 1986 when Magnum T.A. was stripped of the title for attacking NWA president Bob Geigel.|page=120|issn=1043-7576|year=2002}}</ref> though WWE officially says it was a tournament final.<ref name="koloff1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412122 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050728130205/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412122 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-28 |title=Nikita Koloff's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><br>Koloff defeated [[Wahoo McDaniel]] on September 28, 1986 to [[Championship unification|unify]] the [[NWA National Heavyweight Championship]] into the U.S. title.<ref name="nwantlhvy">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/nwa/others/nat-h.html|title=NWA National Heavyweight Championship history|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Wrestling-Titles.com|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110224125940/http://www.wrestling-titles.com/nwa/others/nat-h.html|archive-date=2011-02-24}}</ref> |ref = <ref name="koloff1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 35 |champion = [[Lex Luger]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1987|07|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=11|year1=1987|month2=11|day2=26|year2=1987}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[The Great American Bash#1987|Great American Bash]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Steel Cage match|steel cage match]].<ref name="greatamericanbash87">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehistoryofwwe.com/bashtours.htm|title=Great American Bash 87 results|access-date=2012-08-29|quote=Lex Luger (w/ JJ Dillon) defeated NWA U.S. Champion Nikita Koloff in a steel cage match via knockout with the Torture Rack after hitting him in the back with a steel chair thrown in the ring by Dillon while referee Earl Hebner was knocked out.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508173920/http://www.thehistoryofwwe.com/bashtours.htm|archive-date=2012-05-08}}</ref><ref name=WON072087>{{cite journal | last=Meltzer | first=Dave | author-link=Dave Meltzer | date=July 13, 1987 | journal=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]] | title=Top Story | issue= 7.20.87}}</ref> |ref = <ref name="luger1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412212 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216135709/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412212 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-16 |title=Lex Luger's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 36 |champion = [[Dusty Rhodes]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1987|11|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=26|year1=1987|month2=04|day2=15|year2=1988}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Chicago|Chicago, IL]] |event = [[Starrcade (1987)|Starrcade]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Steel Cage match|steel cage match]].<ref name="starrcade87">{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wcw/starrcad.html#87|title=Starrcade 1987 results|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments|quote=Dusty Rhodes pinned Lex Luger (16:23) in a "steel cage" match to win the NWA US Title.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDPtWIh6?url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wcw/starrcad.html#87|archive-date=2013-04-28}}</ref> |ref = <ref name="dusty1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111112 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123032302/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111112 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-23 |title=Dusty Rhodes' first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 36.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1988|04|15}} |days2 = yes |notes = [[Dusty Rhodes]] was stripped of the title for attacking NWA President [[Jim Crockett]]. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 37 |champion = [[Barry Windham]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1988|05|13}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=13|year1=1988|month2=02|day2=20|year2=1989}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Houston|Houston, TX]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Nikita Koloff]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="windham1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541232 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127181350/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541232 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-27 |title=Barry Windham's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref name=F4W0513>{{cite web | url=http://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/day-pro-wrestling-history-may-13-rick-martel-wins-awa-gold-kurt-angle-wins-tna-title | title=On this day in pro wrestling history (May 13): Rick Martel wins AWA gold, Kurt Angle wins TNA title, Nash & Hall beat one man to win tag titles | date=May 13, 2015 | access-date=February 11, 2017 | first=Brian | last=Hoops | publisher=Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213001736/http://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/day-pro-wrestling-history-may-13-rick-martel-wins-awa-gold-kurt-angle-wins-tna-title | archive-date=February 13, 2017 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 37.5 |type = promotion |name = [[World Championship Wrestling|World Championship Wrestling (WCW)]] }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 38 |champion = [[Lex Luger]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1989|02|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=20|year1=1989|month2=05|day2=07|year2=1989}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Chicago|Chicago, IL]] |event = [[Chi-Town Rumble]] | |ref = <ref name="luger2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412131 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026102541/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412131 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-26 |title=Lex Luger's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 39 |champion = [[Michael Hayes (wrestler)|Michael Hayes]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1989|05|7}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=5|day1=07|year1=1989|month2=05|day2=22|year2=1989}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = [[WrestleWar (1989)|WrestleWar]] | |ref = <ref name="hayes1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110191242/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-10 |title=Michael Hayes' first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref name=F4W0507>{{cite web | url=http://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/day-pro-wrestling-history-may-7-jeff-jarrett-ends-david-arquettes-wcw-title-reign | title=On this day in pro wrestling history (May 7): Jeff Jarrett ends David Arquette's WCW title reign, Nick Bockwinkel Vs. Ray Stevens | date=May 7, 2015 | access-date=February 10, 2017 | author=F4W Staff | publisher=Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164931/http://www.f4wonline.com/other-wrestling/day-pro-wrestling-history-may-7-jeff-jarrett-ends-david-arquettes-wcw-title-reign | archive-date=February 12, 2017 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 40 |champion = [[Lex Luger]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1989|05|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=22|year1=1989|month2=10|day2=27|year2=1990}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Bluefield, West Virginia|Bluefield, WV]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] | | }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 41 |champion = [[Stan Hansen]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1990|10|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=27|year1=1990|month2=12|day2=16|year2=1990}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Chicago|Chicago, IL]] |event = [[Halloween Havoc (1990)|Halloween Havoc]] | |ref = <ref name="hansen1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412311 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231053759/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445412311 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Stan Hansen's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 42 |champion = [[Lex Luger]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|1990|12|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=16|year1=1990|month2=07|day2=14|year2=1991}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis, MO]] |event = [[Starrcade (1990)|Starrcade]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Strap match|Texas Bullrope match]].<br>During Luger's reign in 1991, [[World Championship Wrestling]] (WCW) split from the NWA and the title was renamed as the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship. |ref = <ref name="luger4">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126153902/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-26 |title=Lex Luger's fourth reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 42.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1991|07|14}} |location = [[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |event = [[The Great American Bash (1991)|The Great American Bash]] |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Lex Luger]] won the [[WCW World Heavyweight Championship]]. |ref = <ref name="luger4"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 43 |champion = [[Sting (wrestler)|Sting]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1991|08|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=25|year1=1991|month2=11|day2=19|year2=1991}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = Defeated [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|Steve Austin]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="sting1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454131111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050806003558/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454131111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-08-06 |title=Sting's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 44 |champion = [[Rick Rude]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1991|11|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=19|year1=1991|month2=12|day2=01|year2=1992}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah, GA]] |event = [[Clash of the Champions#Clash of the Champions XVII|Clash of the Champions XVII]] | |ref = <ref name="rude1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231062915/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541111121 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Rick Rude's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 44.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1992|12|01}} |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated because [[Rick Rude]] suffered an injury. |ref = <ref name="rude1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 45 |champion = [[Goldust|Dustin Rhodes]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1993|01|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=11|year1=1993|month2=05|day2=01|year2=1993}} |days2 = 109 |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = ''[[WCW Saturday Night|Saturday Night]]'' |notes = Defeated [[Ricky Steamboat]] in a match that was originally made to determine the No. 1 contender, but when [[Rick Rude]]'s vacated the title, it was instead made to decide the new champion.<br>Aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]] on January 16, 1993. WWE mistakenly lists the end of Rhodes' reign on May 1, 1993 (lasting 109 days). |ref = <ref name="dustin1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541241 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026082840/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541241 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-26 |title=Dustin Rhodes' first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 45.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1993|05|01}} |event = ''[[WCW WorldWide|WorldWide]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated following a title defense against [[Rick Rude]] that ended in a double pinfall.<br>Aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]] on May 15, 1993. |ref = <ref name="dustin1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 46 |champion = [[Goldust|Dustin Rhodes]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1993|08|30}} |days = 118 |days2 = yes |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = ''[[WCW Saturday Night|Saturday Night]]'' |notes = Defeated [[Rick Rude]] in a rematch for the vacant title.<br>Aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]] on September 11, 1993. |ref = <ref name="dustin2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454161 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026102058/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454161 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-26 |title=Dustin Rhodes' second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 47 |champion = [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|Steve Austin]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1993|12|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=27|year1=1993|month2=08|day2=24|year2=1994}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = [[Starrcade (1993)|Starrcade '93: 10th Anniversary]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Series matches|two out of three falls match]].<ref name="starrcade93">{{cite web|url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wcw/starrcad.html#93|title=Starrcade 1993 results|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments|quote=Steve Austin beat Dustin Rhodes (15:00) in two straight falls to win the WCW US Title.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GDPtWIh6?url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/supercards/usa/wcw/starrcad.html#93|archive-date=2013-04-28}}</ref> |ref = <ref name="austin1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111131 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126153010/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111131 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-26 |title=Steve Austin's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 48 |champion = [[Ricky Steamboat]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|1994|08|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=24|year1=1994|month2=09|day2=18|year2=1994}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa|Cedar Rapids, IA]] |event = [[Clash of the Champions#Clash of the Champions XXVIII|Clash of the Champions XXVIII]] | |ref = <ref name="steamboat4">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231060752/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Ricky Steamboat's fourth reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 49 |champion = [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|Steve Austin]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1994|09|18}} |days = <1 |days2 = yes |location = [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] |event = [[Fall Brawl (1994)|Fall Brawl 1994: War Games]] |notes = Awarded the title because [[Ricky Steamboat]] got injured. |ref = <ref name=austin2>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454113111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216140228/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454113111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-16 |title=Steve Austin's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 50 |champion = [[Jim Duggan]] |date = {{dts|1994|09|18}} |location = [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] |event = [[Fall Brawl (1994)|Fall Brawl 1994: War Games]] |reign = 1 |days = {{age in days nts|month1=9|day1=18|year1=1994|month2=12|day2=27|year2=1994}} |days2 = 99 |ref = <ref name="duggan1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111311 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129084128/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111311 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Jim Duggan's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 51 |champion = [[Big Van Vader]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1994|12|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=27|year1=1994|month2=03|day2=25|year2=1995}} |days2 = 87 |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = [[Starrcade (1994)|Starrcade]] | |ref = <ref name="vader1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445413211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104112014/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445413211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-04 |title=Vader's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 51.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1995|03|25}} |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = ''[[WCW Saturday Night|Saturday Night]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = Vader was stripped of the title by WCW commissioner [[Nick Bockwinkel]] for hospitalizing [[Dave Sullivan (wrestler)|Dave Sullivan]] one week earlier. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 52 |champion = [[Sting (wrestler)|Sting]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1995|06|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=18|year1=1995|month2=11|day2=13|year2=1995}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton, OH]] |event = [[The Great American Bash (1995)|The Great American Bash]] |notes = Defeated [[Haku (wrestler)|Meng]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="sting2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541211111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050810024246/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541211111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-08-10 |title=Sting's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 53 |champion = [[Kensuke Sasaki]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1995|11|13}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=13|year1=1995|month2=12|day2=27|year2=1995}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] |event = ''WCW World in Japan'' |notes = Won the title at a [[New Japan Pro-Wrestling]] event. |ref = <ref name="sasakinjpw">{{cite web|url=http://puroresufan.com/njpw/results/wcw95.html|title=NJPW: WCW World in Japan results|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Strong Style Spirit|quote=New Japan vs. WCW – WCW U.S. Heavyweight Title: Kensuke Sasaki beat Sting (c) (12:47) with a Northern Light bomb to become the 57th champion.|archive-date=2013-05-18|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ghkg2Q9N?url=http://puroresufan.com/njpw/results/wcw95.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 54 |champion = [[One Man Gang]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1995|12|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=27|year1=1995|month2=01|day2=29|year2=1996}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = [[Starrcade (1995)|Starrcade: World Cup of Wrestling]] |notes = This was a [[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#Dark match|dark match]] that happened after the event. Although the match was restarted and [[Kensuke Sasaki]] retained the title, it was never acknowledged by WCW, nor is it acknowledged by WWE. |ref = <ref name="omg1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454152 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026102032/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454152 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-26 |title=One Man Gang's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 55 |champion = [[Konnan]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1996|01|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=29|year1=1996|month2=07|day2=07|year2=1996}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Canton, Ohio|Canton, OH]] |event = ''[[WCW Main Event|Main Event]]'' | |ref = <ref name="konnan1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111122 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051218091320/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111122 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-18 |title=Konnan's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 56 |champion = [[Ric Flair]] |reign = 5⁽⁶⁾ |date = {{dts|1996|07|7}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=7|day1=7|year1=1996|month2=11|day2=25|year2=1996}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach, FL]] |event = [[Bash at the Beach (1996)|Bash at the Beach]] | |ref = <ref name="flair5">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111212 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124133344/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454111212 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-24 |title=Ric Flair's fifth reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 56.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1996|11|25}} |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated because [[Ric Flair]] suffered a shoulder injury. |ref = <ref name="flair5"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 57 |champion = [[Eddie Guerrero]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1996|12|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=29|year1=1996|month2=03|day2=16|year2=1997}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = [[Starrcade (1996)|Starrcade]] |notes = Defeated [[Diamond Dallas Page]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="guerrero1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445413112 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127070159/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445413112 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-27 |title=Eddie Guerrero's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 58 |champion = [[Dean Malenko]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1997|03|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=16|year1=1997|month2=06|day2=09|year2=1997}} |days2 = yes |location = [[North Charleston, South Carolina|North Charleston, SC]] |event = [[Uncensored (1997)|Uncensored]] | |ref = <ref name="malenko1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454143 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104144749/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454143 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-04 |title=Dean Malenko's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 59 |champion = [[Jeff Jarrett]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1997|06|09}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=09|year1=1997|month2=08|day2=21|year2=1997}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boston|Boston, MA]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="malenko1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 60 |champion = [[Steve McMichael]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1997|08|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=21|year1=1997|month2=09|day2=15|year2=1997}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] |event = [[Clash of the Champions#Clash of the Champions XXXV|Clash of the Champions XXXV]] | |ref = <ref name="mcmichael1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454134 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051127181105/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454134 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-27 |title=Steve McMichael's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 61 |champion = [[Curt Hennig]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1997|09|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=15|year1=1997|month2=12|day2=28|year2=1997}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="hennig1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454125 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026102008/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454125 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-26 |title=Curt Hennig's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 62 |champion = [[Diamond Dallas Page]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1997|12|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=28|year1=1997|month2=04|day2=19|year2=1998}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |event = [[Starrcade (1997)|Starrcade]] | |ref = <ref name="ddp1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454116 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124032918/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454116 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-24 |title=Diamond Dallas Page's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 63 |champion = [[Raven (wrestler)|Raven]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1998|04|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=19|year1=1998|month2=04|day2=20|year2=1998}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] |event = [[Spring Stampede (1998)|Spring Stampede]] |notes = This was a "[[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Raven's Rules]]" match. |ref = <ref name="raven1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445417 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051106114629/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445417 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-06 |title=Raven's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 64 |champion = [[Bill Goldberg|Goldberg]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1998|04|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=20|year1=1998|month2=07|day2=06|year2=1998}} |days2 = 91 |location = [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs, CO]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = This was a "[[Professional wrestling match types#Hardcore-type matches|Raven's Rules]]" match.<br>WWE.com mistakenly lists the end of Goldberg's reign on July 20, 1998 (lasting 91 days). |ref = <ref name="goldberg1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541115 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050720004248/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541115 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-20 |title=Goldberg's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 64.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1998|07|06}} |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Bill Goldberg|Goldberg]] won the [[WCW World Heavyweight Championship]]. |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 65 |champion = [[Bret Hart]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1998|07|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=20|year1=1998|month2=08|day2=10|year2=1998}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, UT]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = Defeated [[Diamond Dallas Page]] for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="hart1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050810020106/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411114 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-08-10 |title=Bret Hart's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref><ref name=F4W0720>{{cite web | url=http://www.f4wonline.com/daily-updates/day-pro-wrestling-history-brisco-beats-race-nwa-title-gagne-beats-crusher-awa-title | title=On this day in pro wrestling history: Brisco beats Race for NWA title, Gagne beats Crusher for AWA title, Robinson vs. Gagen | date=July 20, 2015 | access-date=February 11, 2017 | first=Brian | last=Hoops | publisher=Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214102430/http://www.f4wonline.com/daily-updates/day-pro-wrestling-history-brisco-beats-race-nwa-title-gagne-beats-crusher-awa-title | archive-date=February 14, 2017 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 66 |champion = [[Lex Luger]] |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|1998|08|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=10|year1=1998|month2=08|day2=13|year2=1998}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=10|year1=1998|month2=08|day2=13|year2=1998}} |location = [[Rapid City, South Dakota|Rapid City, SD]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="luger5">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411213 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231053451/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411213 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Lex Luger's fifth reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 67 |champion = [[Bret Hart]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1998|08|13}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=13|year1=1998|month2=10|day2=26|year2=1998}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=13|year1=1998|month2=10|day2=26|year2=1998}} |location = [[Fargo, North Dakota|Fargo, ND]] |event = ''[[WCW Thunder|Thunder]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="hart2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411123 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050730021616/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411123 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-30 |title=Bret Hart's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 68 |champion = [[Diamond Dallas Page]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1998|10|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=26|year1=1998|month2=11|day2=30|year2=1998}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix, AZ]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="ddp2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411222 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216135619/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411222 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-16 |title=Diamond Dallas Page's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |work=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 69 |champion = [[Bret Hart]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1998|11|30}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=30|year1=1998|month2=02|day2=08|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga, TN]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|no disqualification match]]. |ref = <ref name="hart3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411312 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051202093017/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411312 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-02 |title=Bret Hart's third reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 70 |champion = [[Roddy Piper]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|1999|02|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=08|year1=1999|month2=02|day2=21|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="piper2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112112 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129084215/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112112 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Roddy Piper's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 71 |champion = [[Scott Hall]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1999|02|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=21|year1=1999|month2=03|day2=18|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Oakland, California|Oakland, CA]] |event = [[SuperBrawl IX]] | |ref = <ref name="hall1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411132 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129082912/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411132 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Scott Hall's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 71.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1999|03|18}} |location = [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington, KY]] |event = ''[[WCW Thunder|Thunder]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = [[Scott Hall]] was stripped of the title by WCW President [[Ric Flair]]. |ref = <ref name="hall1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 72 |champion = [[Scott Steiner]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1999|04|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=11|year1=1999|month2=07|day2=05|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma, WA]] |event = [[Spring Stampede (1999)|Spring Stampede]] |notes = Defeated [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="steiner1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411231 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231053541/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411231 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Scott Steiner's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 72.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|1999|07|05}} |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = [[Scott Steiner]] was stripped of the title by WCW President [[Ric Flair]]. |ref = <ref name="steiner1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 73 |champion = [[David Flair]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1999|07|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=05|year1=1999|month2=08|day2=09|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = Awarded the title by his father and WCW President [[Ric Flair]]. |ref = <ref name="davidflair1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411321 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123031419/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411321 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-23 |title=David Flair's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 74 |champion = [[Chris Benoit]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1999|08|09}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=09|year1=1999|month2=09|day2=12|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boise, Idaho|Boise, ID]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="davidflair1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 75 |champion = [[Sid Eudy|Sid Vicious]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|1999|09|12}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=12|year1=1999|month2=10|day2=24|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]] |event = [[Fall Brawl (1999)|Fall Brawl]] | |ref = <ref name="vicious1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411411 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129204412/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411411 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Sid Vicious' first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 76 |champion = [[Bill Goldberg|Goldberg]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1999|10|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=24|year1=1999|month2=10|day2=25|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise, NV]] |event = [[Halloween Havoc (1999)|Halloween Havoc]] |notes = Won the title when [[Sid Eudy|Sid Vicious]] was heavily bleeding and the referee stopped the match. |ref = <ref name="vicious1"/><ref name="goldberg2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541121111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213034239/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541121111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-13 |title=Goldberg's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 77 |champion = [[Bret Hart]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|1999|10|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=25|year1=1999|month2=11|day2=08|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix, AZ]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="hart4">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213033852/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-13 |title=Bret Hart's fourth reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 78 |champion = [[Scott Hall]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1999|11|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=08|year1=1999|month2=12|day2=19|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = This was a four-way [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]] also involving [[Sid Eudy|Sid Vicious]] and [[Bill Goldberg|Goldberg]]. |ref = <ref name="hall2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129194240/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112121 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Scott Hall's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 79 |champion = [[Chris Benoit]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1999|12|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=19|year1=1999|month2=12|day2=20|year2=1999}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |event = [[Starrcade (1999)|Starrcade]] |notes = Awarded the title when [[Scott Hall]] suffered a knee injury during the match. |ref = <ref name="hall2"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 80 |champion = [[Jeff Jarrett]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|1999|12|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=20|year1=1999|month2=01|day2=16|year2=2000}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|ladder match]]. |ref = <ref name="jarrett2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050620011610/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541151 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-06-20 |title=Jeff Jarrett's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 80.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2000|01|16}} |location = [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, OH]] |event = [[Souled Out (2000)|Souled Out]] |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated because [[Jeff Jarrett]] suffered an injury. |ref = <ref name="jarrett2"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 81 |champion = [[Jeff Jarrett]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2000|01|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=17|year1=2000|month2=04|day2=10|year2=2000}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = Awarded by WCW Commissioner [[Kevin Nash]]. |ref = <ref name="jarrett3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104153344/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541331 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-04 |title=Jeff Jarrett's third reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 81.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2000|04|10}} |location = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = All WCW titles were declared vacant by [[Vince Russo]] and [[Eric Bischoff]] after WCW was [[Reboot (fiction)|rebooted]]. |ref = <ref name="steiner2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541421 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051123030826/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541421 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-23 |title=Scott Steiner's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 82 |champion = [[Scott Steiner]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2000|04|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=16|year1=2000|month2=07|day2=09|year2=2000}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Chicago|Chicago, IL]] |event = [[Spring Stampede (2000)|Spring Stampede]] |notes = Defeated [[Sting (wrestler)|Sting]] in a tournament final for the vacant title.<ref name="stampede00">{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingPPV/apr17_stampede.html|title=Stampede: Spring back in WCW's step|last=Powell|first=John|work=Slam! Wrestling|publisher=Canadian Online Explorer|date=2000-04-17|access-date=2009-06-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919115234/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingPPV/apr17_stampede.html|archive-date=2015-09-19}}</ref> |ref = <ref name="steiner2"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 82.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2000|07|09}} |location = [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach, FL]] |event = [[Bash at the Beach (2000)|Bash at the Beach]] |days2 = yes |notes = [[Scott Steiner]] was stripped of the title when he used the ''Steiner Recliner'' [[Professional wrestling holds|submission hold]] on [[Mike Awesome]] in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Stipulation matches|Banned Move match]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingPPV/jul10_bash.html|title=Booker new champ at the Bash|date=2000-07-10|last=Powell|first=John|work=Slam! Wrestling|publisher=Canadian Online Explorer|access-date=2009-06-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919155052/http://slam.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingPPV/jul10_bash.html|archive-date=2015-09-19}}</ref> |ref = <ref name="steiner2"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 83 |champion = [[Lance Storm]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2000|07|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=18|year1=2000|month2=09|day2=22|year2=2000}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Auburn Hills, Michigan|Auburn Hills, MI]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' |notes = Defeated [[Mike Awesome]] in a tournament final for the vacant title. Storm unofficially renamed the title the WCW Canadian Heavyweight Championship. |ref = <ref name="storm1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541112111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129190020/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541112111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Lance Storm's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 84 |champion = [[Terry Funk]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2000|09|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=22|year1=2000|month2=09|day2=23|year2=2000}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Amarillo, Texas|Amarillo, TX]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = This title change was not recognized by WCW, but is recognized by WWE. |ref = <ref name="funk2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541511 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231051702/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541511 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Terry Funk's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 85 |champion = [[Lance Storm]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2000|09|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=23|year1=2000|month2=10|day2=29|year2=2000}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock, TX]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = This title change was not recognized by WCW, but is recognized by WWE. |ref = <ref name="storm2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411111111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231071802/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411111111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-31 |title=Lance Storm's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 86 |champion = [[Bill DeMott|Gen. Rection]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2000|10|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=29|year1=2000|month2=11|day2=10|year2=2000}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=29|year1=2000|month2=11|day2=13|year2=2000}} |location = [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise, NV]] |event = [[Halloween Havoc (2000)|Halloween Havoc]] |notes = Defeated [[Lance Storm]] and [[Jim Duggan]] in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|handicap match]]. |ref = <ref name="rection1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454121211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001150825/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454121211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-01 |title=Gen. Rection's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 87 |champion = [[Lance Storm]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2000|11|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=10|year1=2000|month2=11|day2=26|year2=2000}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=13|year1=2000|month2=11|day2=26|year2=2000}} |location = [[London]], [[England]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="nwawcwushistory"/><ref name="storm3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454121121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104154345/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454121121 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-04 |title=Lance Storm's third reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 88 |champion = [[Bill DeMott|Gen. Rection]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2000|11|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=26|year1=2000|month2=01|day2=14|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Milwaukee|Milwaukee, WI]] |event = [[Mayhem (2000)|Mayhem]] | |ref = <ref name="rection2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541142 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213032921/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541142 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-12-13 |title=Gen. Rection's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 89 |champion = [[Shane Douglas]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|01|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=14|year1=2001|month2=02|day2=05|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]] |event = [[WCW Sin|Sin]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#First Blood match|First Blood]] [[Professional wrestling match types#Strap match|Chain match]]. |ref = <ref name="douglas1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541322 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051026102214/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541322 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-10-26 |title=Shane Douglas' first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 90 |champion = [[Rick Steiner]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|02|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=05|year1=2001|month2=03|day2=18|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Tupelo, Mississippi|Tupelo, MS]] |event = ''[[WCW Monday Nitro|Nitro]]'' | |ref = <ref name="ricksteiner1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541412 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129195229/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541412 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-29 |title=Rick Steiner's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 91 |champion = [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|03|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=18|year1=2001|month2=07|day2=24|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] |event = [[WCW Greed|Greed]] |notes = The title and other selected assets of WCW were purchased by the [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation]] (WWF). The title was then renamed the WCW United States Championship and was defended on WWF programming. |ref = <ref name="booker1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454121112 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050720005554/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454121112 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-20 |title=Booker T's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 91.5 |type = promotion |name = [[WWE|World Wrestling Federation (WWF) / World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE]] }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 92 |champion = [[Chris Kanyon]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|07|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=7|day1=24|year1=2001|month2=9|day2=10|year2=2001}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=7|day1=26|year1=2001|month2=9|day2=10|year2=2001}} |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = Given the title by [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] as he was also the [[WCW World Heavyweight Championship|WCW Champion]].<br>WWE lists the start of Kanyon's reign on July 26, 2001, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="kanyon1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541133 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050725004338/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541133 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-25 |title=Chris Kanyon's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 93 |champion = [[Yoshihiro Tajiri|Tajiri]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|09|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=10|year1=2001|month2=09|day2=23|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[San Antonio|San Antonio, TX]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |ref = <ref name="tajiri1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541313 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050725012229/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541313 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-25 |title=Tajiri's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 94 |champion = [[Rhyno]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|09|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=23|year1=2001|month2=10|day2=22|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[Unforgiven (2001)|Unforgiven]] | |ref = <ref name="rhyno1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541124 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050725001357/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541124 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-25 |title=Rhyno's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 95 |champion = [[Kurt Angle]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|10|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=22|year1=2001|month2=11|day2=12|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City, MO]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |ref = <ref name="angle1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445416 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050719011539/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445416 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-19 |title=Kurt Angle's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 96 |champion = [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2001|11|12}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=12|year1=2001|month2=11|day2=18|year2=2001}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boston|Boston, MA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |ref = <ref name="edge1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050708032030/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541114 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-08 |title=Edge's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 96.5 |type = unified |date = {{dts|2001|11|18}} |location = [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro, NC]] |event = [[Survivor Series (2001)|Survivor Series]] |days2 = yes |notes = Edge defeated [[WWE Intercontinental Championship|WWF Intercontinental Champion]] [[Test (wrestler)|Test]] in a [[Championship unification|title unification match]]. Edge became the Intercontinental Champion while the United States title was deactivated. In May 2002, the WWF became World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). |ref = <ref name="edge1"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 97 |champion = [[Eddie Guerrero]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2003|07|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=27|year1=2003|month2=10|day2=19|year2=2003}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Denver|Denver, CO]] |event = [[Vengeance (2003)|Vengeance]] |notes = Title was reactivated as the WWE United States Championship as an exclusive title of the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]]. Guerrero defeated [[Chris Benoit]] in a [[WWE tournaments#WWE United States Championship Tournament|tournament final]] for the reactivated title. |ref = <ref name="guerrero2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411113 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724010107/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411113 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-24 |title=Eddie Guerrero's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 98 |champion = [[Big Show]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2003|10|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=19|year1=2003|month2=03|day2=14|year2=2004}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |event = [[No Mercy (2003)|No Mercy]] | |ref = <ref name="bigshow1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411212 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724015729/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411212 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-24 |title=Big Show's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 99 |champion = [[John Cena]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|03|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=14|year1=2004|month2=07|day2=06|year2=2004}} |days2 = 136 |location = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |event = [[WrestleMania XX]] |notes = WWE mistakenly lists the end of Cena's reign on July 29, 2004 (lasting 136 days). The match description for [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T's]] title win states that Cena was stripped of the title "a few weeks prior" to the July 29, 2004 [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]] episode of ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |ref = <ref name="cena1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411122 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050713232053/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411122 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-13 |title=John Cena's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 99.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2004|07|06}} |location = [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, MB]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = [[John Cena]] was stripped of the title after attacking [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]] General Manager [[Kurt Angle]].<br>Aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]] on July 8, 2004. |ref = <ref name="booker2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724020116/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-24 |title=Booker T's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 100 |champion = [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2004|07|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=27|year1=2004|month2=10|day2=03|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=29|year1=2004|month2=10|day2=03|year2=2004}} |location = [[Cincinnati|Cincinnati, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = This was an [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|eight-way elimination match]], also involving [[John Cena]], [[René Duprée]], [[Kenzo Suzuki]], [[Rob Van Dam]], [[Billy Gunn]], [[Charlie Haas]], and [[Luther Reigns]].<br>WWE lists the start of Booker T's reign on July 29, 2004, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="booker2"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 101 |champion = [[John Cena]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2004|10|03}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=3|year1=2004|month2=10|day2=05|year2=2004}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=3|year1=2004|month2=10|day2=07|year2=2004}} |location = [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford, NJ]] |event = [[No Mercy (2004)|No Mercy]] |notes = This was the fifth match of a Best of Five series.<br>WWE lists the end of Cena's reign on October 7, 2004, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="cena2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411311 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050724021923/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411311 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-24 |title=John Cena's second reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 102 |champion = [[Carly Colón|Carlito Caribbean Cool]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2004|10|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=05|year1=2004|month2=11|day2=16|year2=2004}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boston|Boston, MA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Carlito's reign October 7, 2004, and the end on November 18, 2004. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="carlito1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050706030650/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454112111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-07-06 |title=Carlito's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Oxqf6gmQqw |title=- YouTube |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2016-06-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523132635/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Oxqf6gmQqw |archive-date=2018-05-23 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 103 |champion = [[John Cena]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2004|11|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=16|year1=2004|month2=3|day2=1|year2=2005}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Cena's reign on November 18, 2004, and the end on March 3, 2005. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="cena3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411131 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050624010358/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/30445411131 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-06-24 |title=John Cena's third reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 104 |champion = [[Orlando Jordan]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2005|03|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=01|year1=2005|month2=08|day2=21|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=03|year1=2005|month2=08|day2=21|year2=2005}} |location = [[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Jordan's reign on March 3, 2005, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="jordan1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541141 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050623003623/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541141 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-06-23 |title=Orlando Jordan's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 105 |champion = [[Chris Benoit]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2005|08|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=21|year1=2005|month2=10|day2=18|year2=2005}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=21|year1=2005|month2=10|day2=21|year2=2005}} |location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2005)|SummerSlam]] |notes = WWE lists the end of Benoit's reign on October 21, 2005, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="summerslam05">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/history/2005/results/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721215239/http://www.wwe.com/shows/summerslam/history/2005/results/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-07-21 |title=WWE SummerSlam 2005 results |access-date=2007-07-08 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 106 |champion = [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2005|10|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=18|year1=2005|month2=11|day2=22|year2=2005}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Reno, Nevada|Reno, NV]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Booker T's reign on October 21, 2005, and the end on November 25, 2005. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="booker3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454114121 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125090617/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/304454114121 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-11-25 |title=Booker T's third reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 106.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2005|11|22}} |location = [[Sheffield]], [[England]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T's]] title defense against [[Chris Benoit]] ended in a double pinfall.<ref name="wtushistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wwf/wwf-us-h.html#wwe|title=WWE United States Championship history|access-date=2007-04-10|work=Wrestling-Titles.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319172941/http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wwf/wwf-us-h.html#wwe|archive-date=2007-03-19}}</ref><br>Aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]] on November 25, 2005. |ref = <ref name="booker3"/> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 107 |champion = [[Booker T (wrestler)|Booker T]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|2006|01|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=10|year1=2006|month2=02|day2=19|year2=2006}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=13|year1=2006|month2=02|day2=19|year2=2006}} |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = Booker T faced [[Chris Benoit]] in a Best of Seven series, winning the first three matches; [[Randy Orton]] substituted for Booker T after that because of an injury, losing the next three matches, but winning the final for the vacant title.<br>WWE lists the start of Booker T's reign on January 13, 2006, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="booker4">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541141211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118040517/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/3044541141211 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-01-18 |title=Booker T's fourth reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 108 |champion = [[Chris Benoit]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|2006|02|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=19|year1=2006|month2=04|day2=02|year2=2006}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |event = [[No Way Out (2006)|No Way Out]] | |ref = <ref name="nwo06">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/history/2006/matches/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205043120/http://www.wwe.com/shows/nowayout/history/2006/matches/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-02-05 |title=WWE No Way Out 2006 results |access-date=2007-07-08 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 109 |champion = [[John Layfield|John Bradshaw Layfield]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2006|04|02}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=2006|month2=05|day2=23|year2=2006}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=2006|month2=05|day2=26|year2=2006}} |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = [[WrestleMania 22]] |notes = WWE lists the end of JBL's reign on May 26, 2006, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="jbl1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/2440006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060412063325/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/2440006 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-04-12 |title=JBL's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE.com }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 110 |champion = [[Bobby Lashley]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2006|05|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=23|year1=2006|month2=07|day2=11|year2=2006}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Bakersfield, California|Bakersfield, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Lashley's reign on May 26, 2006, and the end on July 14, 2006. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="lashley1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/24400061 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026045127/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/24400061 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-26 |title=Bobby Lashley's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 111 |champion = [[Dave Finlay|Finlay]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2006|07|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=11|year1=2006|month2=08|day2=29|year2=2006}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, MN]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Finlay's reign on July 14, 2006, and the end on September 1, 2006. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="finlay1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/244000611 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026045524/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/244000611 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-26 |title=Finlay's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 112 |champion = [[Ken Anderson (wrestler)|Mr. Kennedy]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2006|08|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=29|year1=2006|month2=10|day2=10|year2=2006}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]], also involving [[Bobby Lashley]].<br>WWE lists the start of Kennedy's reign on September 1, 2006, and the end on October 13, 2006. Both episodes aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="kennedy1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/2440006111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026050121/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/2440006111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-26 |title=Mr. Kennedy's first reign |access-date=2007-04-10 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/results/smackdown/smackdown2006/1157170022.shtml|title=Smackdown Results – 9/1/06 – Reading, PA – (NEW U.S. Champion...)|publisher=Wrestle View|access-date=2009-10-07|date=2006-09-01|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121062942/http://www.wrestleview.com/results/smackdown/smackdown2006/1157170022.shtml|archive-date=2008-11-21}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 113 |champion = [[Chris Benoit]] |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|2006|10|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=10|year1=2006|month2=05|day2=20|year2=2007}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=13|year1=2006|month2=05|day2=20|year2=2007}} |location = [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville, FL]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown!]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Benoit's reign on October 13, 2006, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="benoit5">{{cite web|url=http://100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/smck2006.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301135806/http://www.100megsfree4.com/wiawrestling/pages/wwf/smck2006.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-03-01 |title=WWE Friday Night SmackDown! results, 2006 |access-date=2007-07-08 |work=Wrestling Information Archive }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2006/10/14/2024830.html|title=Smackdown: Batista is #1|publisher=SLAM! Wrestling|first=Andy|last=McNamara|access-date=2009-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714075520/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Wrestling/2006/10/14/2024830.html|archive-date=2012-07-14}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 114 |champion = [[Montel Vontavious Porter]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2007|05|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=20|year1=2007|month2=04|day2=27|year2=2008}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis, MO]] |event = [[Judgment Day (2007)|Judgment Day]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Seriesmatches|two out of three falls match]]. |ref = <ref name="mvp1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/4729814 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529161852/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/4729814 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-05-29 |title=MVP's first reign |access-date=2007-05-27 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_20315.shtml|title=Caldwell's Judgment Day Report 5/20: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV|publisher=PW Torch|first=James|last=Caldwell|date=2007-05-20|access-date=2009-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023192109/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_20315.shtml|archive-date=2007-10-23}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 115 |champion = [[Matt Hardy]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2008|04|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=27|year1=2008|month2=07|day2=20|year2=2008}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |event = [[Backlash (2008)|Backlash]] |notes = The title became exclusive to the [[ECW (WWE)|ECW]] brand following the [[2008 WWE draft]]. |ref = <ref name="Hardy1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/6979932 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501145339/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/6979932 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-05-01 |title=Matt Hardy's first reign |access-date=2008-04-27 |work=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_25416.shtml|title=Keller's WWE Backlash PPV Report 4/27: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV event|publisher=PW Torch|first=Wade|last=Keller|date=2008-04-27|access-date=2009-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207115507/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_25416.shtml|archive-date=2009-02-07}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 116 |champion = [[Shelton Benjamin]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2008|07|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=20|year1=2008|month2=03|day2=20|year2=2009}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=20|year1=2008|month2=03|day2=20|year2=2009}} |location = [[Uniondale, New York|Uniondale, NY]] |event = [[The Great American Bash (2008)|The Great American Bash]] |notes = The title returned to [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] because of Benjamin's status as a SmackDown wrestler. |ref = <ref name="Benjamin1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/7684044 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724033044/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/7684044 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-07-24 |title=Shelton Benjamin's first reign |date=2008-07-20 |access-date=2008-07-21 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_26284.shtml|title=Keller's WWE Great American Bash PPV Report 7/20: Ongoing "virtual time" coverage of live PPV|publisher=PW Torch|first=Wade|last=Keller|date=2008-06-20|access-date=2009-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829132405/http://pwtorch.com/artman2/publish/PPV_Reports_5/article_26284.shtml|archive-date=2008-08-29}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 117 |champion = [[Montel Vontavious Porter]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2009|03|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=20|year1=2009|month2=06|day2=01|year2=2009}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=20|year1=2009|month2=06|day2=01|year2=2009}} |location = [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi, TX]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = The title became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand following the [[2009 WWE draft]]. |ref = <ref name="mvp2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/9613096 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090324044627/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/9613096 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-03-24 |title=MVP's second reign |date=2009-03-20 |access-date=2009-03-22 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/results/smackdown/smackdown2009/1237662624.php|title=Smackdown Results – 3/20/09|publisher=Wrestle View|first=Mike|last=Tedesco|date=2009-03-21|access-date=2009-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604212929/http://www.wrestleview.com/results/smackdown/smackdown2009/1237662624.php|archive-date=2011-06-04}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 118 |champion = [[Kofi Kingston]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2009|06|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=01|year1=2009|month2=10|day2=05|year2=2009}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham, AL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |ref = <ref name="Kingston1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/10389534 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605153425/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/10389534 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-06-05 |title=Kofi Kingston's first reign |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1243926836.php|title=Raw Results – 6/1/09|publisher=Wrestle View|first=Hunter|last=Golden|date=2009-06-02|access-date=2009-10-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921144826/http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1243926836.php|archive-date=2009-09-21}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 119 |champion = [[The Miz]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2009|10|5}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=05|year1=2009|month2=05|day2=17|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |ref = <ref name="Miz1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/11991378 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009062555/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/11991378 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-10-09 |title=The Miz's first reign |access-date=2009-06-01 |publisher=WWE }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1254798846.php?style=dark|title=Raw Results – 10/5/09|publisher=Wrestle View|first=Hunter|last=Golden|date=2009-10-05|access-date=2009-10-06|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009220848/http://www.wrestleview.com/news2009/1254798846.php?style=dark|archive-date=2009-10-09}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 120 |champion = [[Bret Hart]] |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|2010|05|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=17|year1=2010|month2=05|day2=24|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Toronto|Toronto, ON]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#No Disqualification match|no disqualification, no countout match]]. |ref = <ref name="BHart5">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/14477278 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521030207/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/14477278 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-21 |title=Bret Hart's fifth reign |access-date=2010-06-15 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1274154453 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520000459/http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1274154453 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-20 |title=Raw Results – 5/17/10 |publisher=WrestleView.com |access-date=2010-06-15 |date=2010-05-17 |first=Adam |last=Martin }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 120.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2010|05|24}} |location = [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = Vacated when [[Bret Hart]] became the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[Professional wrestling authority figures#Raw authorities|General Manager]]. |ref = <ref name="BHart5"/><ref name="May242010Raw">{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1274757307 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528081824/http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1274757307 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-28 |title=Raw Results – 5/24/10 |publisher=WrestleView.com |access-date=2010-06-15 |date=2010-05-24 |first=Adam |last=Martin }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 121 |champion = [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|05|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=24|year1=2010|month2=06|day2=14|year2=2010}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=25|year1=2010|month2=06|day2=14|year2=2010}} |location = [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = Defeated [[The Miz]] to win the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="May242010Raw"/><ref name="RTruth1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/14558450 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528101743/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/14558450 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-28 |title=R-Truth's first reign |access-date=2010-06-15 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 122 |champion = [[The Miz]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2010|06|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=14|year1=2010|month2=09|day2=19|year2=2010}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way match]] also involving [[John Morrison (wrestler)|John Morrison]] and [[Zack Ryder]]. |ref = <ref name="Miz2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/14749874 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623133721/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/14749874 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-06-23 |title=The Miz's second reign |access-date=2010-06-15 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1276572395 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617191322/http://www.wrestleview.com/viewnews.php?id=1276572395 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-06-17 |title=Raw Results – 6/14/10 |publisher=WrestleView.com |access-date=2010-06-15 |date=2010-06-14 |first=Adam |last=Martin }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 123 |champion = [[Bryan Danielson|Daniel Bryan]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2010|09|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=19|year1=2010|month2=03|day2=14|year2=2011}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=18|year1=2010|month2=03|day2=14|year2=2011}} |location = [[Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont, IL]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2010)|Night of Champions]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Noble1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/15749366 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924055602/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/15749366 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-09-24 |title=Wayne Noble's first reign |access-date=2010-09-20 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 124 |champion = [[Sheamus]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|03|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=14|year1=2011|month2=05|day2=01|year2=2011}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis, MO]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = If Sheamus lost, he would have quit the WWE.<br>Title became exclusive to the [[SmackDown (WWE brand)|SmackDown]] brand following the [[2011 WWE draft]]. |ref = <ref name="Sheamus1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwechampionship/25002196 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402083305/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwechampionship/25002196 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-04-02 |title=Sheamus' first reign |access-date=2011-03-15 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 125 |champion = [[Kofi Kingston]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2011|05|01}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=01|year1=2011|month2=06|day2=19|year2=2011}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2011)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = This was a [[professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|tables match]]. The title became exclusive to [[WWE Raw|Raw]] because of Kingston's status as a Raw wrestler. |ref = <ref name="Kingston2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/25013215 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616213238/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/25013215 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-06-16 |title=Kofi Kingston's second reign |access-date=2011-05-01 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 126 |champion = [[Dolph Ziggler]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|06|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=19|year1=2011|month2=12|day2=18|year2=2011}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Washington, D.C.]] |event = [[WWE Capitol Punishment|Capitol Punishment]] |notes = On August 29, 2011, the [[WWE brand extension|brand extension]] ended, allowing the United States Championship to be defended on both the ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' and ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' bramds. |ref = <ref name="Ziggler1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/25021559 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623140413/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/25021559 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-06-23 |title=Dolph Ziggler's first reign |access-date=2011-06-20 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 127 |champion = [[Zack Ryder]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2011|12|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=18|year1=2011|month2=1|day2=16|year2=2012}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Baltimore|Baltimore, MD]] |event = [[TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2011)|TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs]] | |ref = <ref name="Ryder1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/25050043 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108044346/http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/unitedstates/25050043 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-01-08 |title=Zack Ryder's first reign |access-date=2011-12-18 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 128 |champion = [[Jack Swagger]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2012|01|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=16|year1=2012|month2=03|day2=05|year2=2012}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=15|year1=2012|month2=03|day2=05|year2=2012}} |location = [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Swagger1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2012-01-16/results|title=WWE Raw SuperShow results: Laurinaitis snaps!|access-date=2012-01-16|publisher=[[WWE]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119184505/http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2012-01-16/results|archive-date=2012-01-19}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 129 |champion = [[Santino Marella]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2012|03|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=05|year1=2012|month2=08|day2=19|year2=2012}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boston|Boston, MA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |ref = <ref name="Marella">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/25063179 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327200931/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/25063179 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-03-27 |title=Santino Marella's first reign |access-date=2012-08-19 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 130 |champion = [[Claudio Castagnoli|Antonio Cesaro]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2012|08|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=19|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=15|year2=2013}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=18|year1=2012|month2=04|day2=15|year2=2013}} |location = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2012)|SummerSlam]] |notes = Match aired live on [[YouTube]] and [[WWE|WWE.com]] as part of the SummerSlam pre-show. |ref = <ref name="Cesaro1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20120819-antonio-cesaro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826005457/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20120819-antonio-cesaro |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-08-26 |title=Antonio Cesaro's first reign |access-date=2012-08-19 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 131 |champion = [[Kofi Kingston]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2013|04|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=15|year1=2013|month2=05|day2=19|year2=2013}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville, SC]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' | |ref = <ref name="Kingston3">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20130415-kofi-kingston |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130503085849/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20130415-kofi-kingston |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-05-03 |title=Alberto Del Rio's first reign |access-date=2013-04-15 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 132 |champion = [[Dean Ambrose]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2013|05|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=5|day1=19|year1=2013|month2=5|day2=5|year2=2014}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis, MO]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2013)|Extreme Rules]] | |ref = <ref name="Ambrose">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/5192013-dean-ambrose |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608204058/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/5192013-dean-ambrose |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-08 |title=Dean Ambrose's first reign |access-date=2013-05-19 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 133 |champion = [[Sheamus]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2014|05|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=5|day1=5|year1=2014|month2=11|day2=3|year2=2014}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=5|day1=4|year1=2014|month2=11|day2=3|year2=2014}} |location = [[Albany, New York|Albany, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a [[Battle royal (professional wrestling)|20-man battle royal]]. Sheamus lastly eliminated [[Dean Ambrose]] to win the match and the title. |ref = <ref name="Sheamus2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20140505-sheamus |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606041107/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20140505-sheamus |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-06-06 |title=Sheamus' second reign |access-date=2014-05-05 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 134 |champion = [[Rusev (wrestler)|Rusev]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2014|11|03}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=3|year1=2014|month2=3|day2=29|year2=2015}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=4|year1=2014|month2=3|day2=29|year2=2015}} |location = [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |event = ''Raw Backstage Pass'' | |ref = <ref name="Rusev1">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20141103-rusev |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107020159/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20141103-rusev |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-11-07 |title=Rusev's first reign |access-date=2014-11-03 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 135 |champion = [[John Cena]] |reign = 4 |date = {{dts|2015|03|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=29|year1=2015|month2=08|day2=23|year2=2015}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara, CA]] |event = [[WrestleMania 31]] | |ref = <ref name="Cena4">{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20150329-john-cena |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402000024/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20150329-john-cena |url-status=dead |archive-date=2015-04-02 |title=John Cena's fourth reign |access-date=2015-03-29 |publisher=[[WWE]] }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 136 |champion = [[Seth Rollins]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2015|08|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=23|year1=2015|month2=09|day2=20|year2=2015}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=22|year1=2015|month2=09|day2=20|year2=2015}} |location = [[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, NY]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2015)|SummerSlam]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Winner Takes All match|winner takes all match]], in which Rollins defended the [[WWE Championship|WWE World Heavyweight Championship]]. |ref = <ref name="Rollins1">{{cite web|title=Seth Rollins' first reign |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20150823-seth-rollins |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826175516/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20150823-seth-rollins |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2015 |website=WWE |access-date=24 August 2015 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 137 |champion = [[John Cena]] |reign = 5 |date = {{dts|2015|09|20}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=20|year1=2015|month2=10|day2=25|year2=2015}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Houston|Houston, TX]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2015)|Night of Champions]] | |ref = <ref name="Cena5">{{cite web|title=John Cena's fifth reign |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/john-cena |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924024154/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/john-cena |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 September 2015 |website=WWE |access-date=20 September 2015 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 138 |champion = [[Alberto Del Rio]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2015|10|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=25|year1=2015|month2=01|day2=11|year2=2016}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=24|year1=2015|month2=01|day2=11|year2=2016}} |location = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]] |event = [[Hell in a Cell (2015)|Hell in a Cell]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Del Rio1">{{cite web|title=Alberto Del Rio's first reign |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20151025-alberto-del-rio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109134452/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20151025-alberto-del-rio |url-status=dead |archive-date= 9 November 2015 |website=WWE |access-date=25 October 2015 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 139 |champion = [[Kalisto]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2016|01|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=11|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=12|year2=2016}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=11|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=14|year2=2016}} |location = [[New Orleans|New Orleans, LA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = WWE lists the end of Kalisto's reign on January 14, 2016, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="Kalisto1">{{cite web|title=Kalisto's first reign |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20160111-kalisto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114233527/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/20160111-kalisto |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 January 2016 |website=WWE |access-date=11 January 2016 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 140 |champion = [[Alberto Del Rio]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2016|01|12}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=12|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=24|year2=2016}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=14|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=24|year2=2016}} |location = [[Lafayette, Louisiana|Lafayette, LA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Del Rio's reign on January 14, 2016, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="Del Rio2">{{cite web|title=Alberto Del Rio's second reign |url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/alberto-del-rio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121002428/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/alberto-del-rio |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 January 2016 |website=WWE |access-date=14 January 2016 }}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 141 |champion = [[Kalisto]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2016|01|24}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=24|year1=2016|month2=05|day2=22|year2=2016}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]] |event = [[Royal Rumble (2016)|Royal Rumble]] | |ref = <ref name="Kalisto2">{{cite web|title=Kalisto's second reign|url=http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/01242016-kalisto|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204003141/http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/01242016-kalisto|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2016|website=WWE|access-date=24 January 2016}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 142 |champion = [[Rusev (wrestler)|Rusev]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2016|05|22}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=22|year1=2016|month2=09|day2=25|year2=2016}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Newark, NJ]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2016)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = The [[WWE brand extension|brand extension]] returned and the title became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand following the [[2016 WWE draft]]. |ref = <ref name="ER16">{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=5/22 WWE Extreme Rules PPV Results – CALDWELL'S Complete Live Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/05/22/extremerulesliveresults/|date=May 22, 2016|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 22, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523061426/http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/05/22/extremerulesliveresults/|archive-date=May 23, 2016}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 143 |champion = [[Roman Reigns]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2016|09|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=25|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=09|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=09|day1=24|year1=2016|month2=01|day2=09|year2=2017}} |location = [[Indianapolis, IN]] |event = [[Clash of Champions (2016)|Clash of Champions]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="COC2016">{{cite web|last=Caldwell|first=James|title=9/25 WWE C. of Champions Results – CALDWELL'S Complete Report|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/09/25/clashppvresults/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=September 15, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927133708/http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2016/09/25/clashppvresults/|archive-date=September 27, 2016}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 144 |champion = [[Chris Jericho]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|01|09}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=09|year1=2017|month2=04|day2=02|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[New Orleans, LA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This was a 2-on-1 [[Professional wrestling match types#Handicap match|handicap match]], also involving [[Kevin Owens]], who teamed with Jericho. Jericho pinned [[Roman Reigns]] to win the title. |ref = <ref name="Raw01092017">{{cite web|last1=Keller|first1=Wade|title=KELLER'S WWE MONDAY NIGHT RAW REPORT 1/9: Reigns vs. Owens & Jericho, Shawn Michaels, Foley's Performance Review, Undertaker "rumored" to appear|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/01/09/kellers-wwe-monday-night-raw-report-19-reigns-vs-owens-jericho-shawn-michaels-foleys-performance-review-undertaker-rumored-appear/|website=pwtorch.com|publisher=TDH Communications Inc.|access-date=January 9, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110233324/http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/01/09/kellers-wwe-monday-night-raw-report-19-reigns-vs-owens-jericho-shawn-michaels-foleys-performance-review-undertaker-rumored-appear/|archive-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 145 |champion = [[Kevin Owens]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|04|02}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=2017|month2=04|day2=30|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=02|year1=2017|month2=04|day2=30|year2=2017}} |location = [[Orlando, FL]] |event = [[WrestleMania 33]] |notes = The title became exclusive to the [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] brand following the [[2017 WWE Superstar Shake-up]]. |ref = <ref name="WM33">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell's WrestleMania 33 live review: Undertaker vs. Roman Reigns, Goldberg vs. Brock Lesnar for the WWE Universal Championship, AJ Styles vs. Shane McMahon, Seth Rollins vs. Triple H in an unsanctioned match|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/04/02/powells-wrestlemania-33-live-review-undertaker-vs-roman-reigns-goldberg-vs-brock-lesnar-wwe-universal-championship-aj-styles-vs-shane-mcmahon-seth-rollins-vs-triple-h/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=2 April 2017|access-date=April 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403113529/http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/04/02/powells-wrestlemania-33-live-review-undertaker-vs-roman-reigns-goldberg-vs-brock-lesnar-wwe-universal-championship-aj-styles-vs-shane-mcmahon-seth-rollins-vs-triple-h/|archive-date=April 3, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 146 |champion = [[Chris Jericho]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2017|04|30}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=30|year1=2017|month2=05|day2=02|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=30|year1=2017|month2=05|day2=02|year2=2017}} |location = [[San Jose, CA]] |event = [[Payback (2017)|Payback]] |notes = Since Jericho won, he was transferred to the [[SmackDown (WWE brand)|SmackDown]] brand. |ref = <ref name="Payback2017">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=4/30 Powell's WWE Payback Live Review: Roman Reigns vs. Braun Strowman, Kevin Owens vs. Chris Jericho for the U.S. Championship, Samoa Joe vs. Seth Rollins, Randy Orton vs. Bray Wyatt in a House of Horrors match|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/04/30/430-powells-wwe-fastlane-live-review-roman-reigns-vs-braun-strowman-kevin-owens-vs-chris-jericho-u-s-championship-samoa-joe-vs-seth-rollins-randy-orton-vs-bray-wyatt/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=30 April 2017|access-date=April 30, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501193649/http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/04/30/430-powells-wwe-fastlane-live-review-roman-reigns-vs-braun-strowman-kevin-owens-vs-chris-jericho-u-s-championship-samoa-joe-vs-seth-rollins-randy-orton-vs-bray-wyatt/|archive-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 147 |champion = [[Kevin Owens]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2017|05|02}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=02|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=07|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Fresno, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Smackdown05022017">{{cite web|last1=Barnett|first1=Jake|title=5/2 Barnett's WWE Smackdown Live TV Review: Chris Jericho vs. Kevin Owens for the U.S. Championship, Charlotte and Naomi vs. Natalya and Carmella|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/05/02/52-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-chris-jericho-vs-kevin-owens-u-s-championship-charlotte-naomi-vs-natalya-carmella/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=2 May 2017|access-date=May 2, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503142926/http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/05/02/52-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-chris-jericho-vs-kevin-owens-u-s-championship-charlotte-naomi-vs-natalya-carmella/|archive-date=May 3, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 148 |champion = [[A.J. Styles|AJ Styles]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|07|07}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=23|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=07|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=23|year2=2017}} |location = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |event = [[List of professional wrestling terms#H|House show]] |notes = |ref = <ref>{{cite web|last1=Melok|first1=Bobby|title=AJ Styles wins United States Championship from Kevin Owens at Madison Square Garden Live Event|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/aj-styles-wins-us-title-madison-square-garden|work=WWE|access-date=July 7, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170708123907/http://www.wwe.com/shows/smackdown/article/aj-styles-wins-us-title-madison-square-garden|archive-date=July 8, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 149 |champion = [[Kevin Owens]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2017|07|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=23|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=25|year2=2017}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=23|year1=2017|month2=07|day2=25|year2=2017}} |location = [[Philadelphia, PA]] |event = [[Battleground (2017)|Battleground]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="BG2017">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=7/23 Powell's WWE Battleground Live Review: Jinder Mahal vs. Randy Orton in a Punjabi Prison match for the WWE Championship, AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens for the U.S. Championship, John Cena vs. Rusev in a flag match|url=http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/07/23/723-powells-wwe-battleground-live-review-jinder-mahal-vs-randy-orton-punjabi-prison-match-wwe-championship-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-u-s-championship-john-cena-vs-rusev/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=23 July 2017|access-date=July 23, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170724092807/http://prowrestling.net/site/2017/07/23/723-powells-wwe-battleground-live-review-jinder-mahal-vs-randy-orton-punjabi-prison-match-wwe-championship-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-u-s-championship-john-cena-vs-rusev/|archive-date=July 24, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 150 |champion = [[A.J. Styles|AJ Styles]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2017|07|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=25|year1=2017|month2=10|day2=08|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]] also involving [[Chris Jericho]]. |ref = <ref name="Smackdown07252017">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 7/25: Surprise return, Owens gloats and Styles wants rematch, Nakamura vs. Corbin|url=http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/07/25/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-725-surprise-return-owens-gloats-styles-wants-rematch-nakamura-vs-corbin/|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=July 25, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170725084025/http://www.pwtorch.com/site/2017/07/25/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-725-surprise-return-owens-gloats-styles-wants-rematch-nakamura-vs-corbin/|archive-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 151 |champion = [[Baron Corbin]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2017|10|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=10|day1=08|year1=2017|month2=12|day2=17|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Detroit, MI]] |event = [[Hell in a Cell (2017)|Hell in a Cell]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]] also involving [[Shawn Spears|Tye Dillinger]]. |ref = <ref name="HIAC2017">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell's WWE Hell in a Cell 2017 live review: Kevin Owens vs. Shane McMahon in a Falls Count Anywhere HIAC match, New Day vs. The Usos in an HIAC match for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Jinder Mahal vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/10/08/powells-wwe-hell-cell-2017-live-review-kevin-owens-vs-shane-mcmahon-falls-count-anywhere-hiac-match-new-day-vs-usos-hiac-match-smackdown-tag-titles-jinder-mahal-vs-s/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=8 October 2017|access-date=October 8, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009042534/https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/10/08/powells-wwe-hell-cell-2017-live-review-kevin-owens-vs-shane-mcmahon-falls-count-anywhere-hiac-match-new-day-vs-usos-hiac-match-smackdown-tag-titles-jinder-mahal-vs-s/|archive-date=October 9, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 152 |champion = [[Dolph Ziggler]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2017|12|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=17|year1=2017|month2=12|day2=26|year2=2017}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Boston, MA]] |event = [[Clash of Champions (2017)|Clash of Champions]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]] also involving [[Bobby Roode]]. |ref = <ref name="COC2017">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=Powell's WWE Clash of Champions 2017 live review: AJ Styles vs. Jinder Mahal for the WWE Championship, Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn put their WWE careers on the line vs. Randy Orton and Shinsuke Nakamura with Shane McMahon and Daniel Bryan as referees|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/12/17/powells-wwe-clash-champions-2017-live-review-aj-styles-vs-jinder-mahal-wwe-championship-kevin-owens-sami-zayn-put-wwe-careers-line-vs-randy-orton-shinsuke-nak/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=December 17, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105022/https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/12/17/powells-wwe-clash-champions-2017-live-review-aj-styles-vs-jinder-mahal-wwe-championship-kevin-owens-sami-zayn-put-wwe-careers-line-vs-randy-orton-shinsuke-nak/|archive-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |sort number = 152.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|2017|12|26}} |location = [[Rosemont, IL]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |days2 = yes |notes = [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] General Manager [[Daniel Bryan]] ruled that [[Dolph Ziggler]] vacated the title after he left it in the ring on the December 19 episode of ''SmackDown''. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown12262017">{{cite web|last1=Barnett|first1=Jake|title=12/26 Barnett's WWE Smackdown Live TV Review: WWE Champion AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens, the final edition of 2017|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/12/26/12-26-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-final-edition-2017/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=December 26, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227031250/https://prowrestling.net/site/2017/12/26/12-26-barnetts-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-final-edition-2017/|archive-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 153 |champion = [[Bobby Roode]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|01|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=16|year1=2018|month2=03|day2=11|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Laredo, TX]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = Defeated [[Jinder Mahal]] in [[WWE Tournaments#United States Championship Tournament (2017–2018)|a tournament final]] to win the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown01162018">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|title=KELLER'S WWE SMACKDOWN REPORT 1/16: U.S. Title Tournament semi-finals with Xavier vs. Jinder, Roode vs. Mojo, Shane-Bryan drama continues|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2018/01/16/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-1-16/|publisher=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=January 16, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20180117233454/https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2018/01/16/kellers-wwe-smackdown-report-1-16/|archive-date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 154 |champion = [[Randy Orton]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|03|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=03|day1=11|year1=2018|month2=04|day2=08|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] |event = [[Fastlane (2018)|Fastlane]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Fastlane2018">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Fastlane 2018 live review: AJ Styles vs. Kevin Owens vs. Sami Zayn vs. Baron Corbin vs. Dolph Ziggler vs. John Cena in a six-way for the WWE Championship, The Usos vs. New Day for the Smackdown Tag Titles, Charlotte Flair vs. Ruby Riott for the Smackdown Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/03/11/wwe-fastlane-2018-live-review-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-vs-sami-zayn-vs-baron-corbin-vs-dolph-ziggler-vs-john-cena-six-way-wwe-championship-usos-vs-new-day-sm/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=11 March 2018|access-date=March 11, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312024519/https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/03/11/wwe-fastlane-2018-live-review-aj-styles-vs-kevin-owens-vs-sami-zayn-vs-baron-corbin-vs-dolph-ziggler-vs-john-cena-six-way-wwe-championship-usos-vs-new-day-sm/|archive-date=March 12, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 155 |champion = [[Jinder Mahal]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|04|08}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=08|year1=2018|month2=04|day2=16|year2=2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=08|year1=2018|month2=04|day2=16|year2=2018}} |location = [[New Orleans, LA]] |event = [[WrestleMania 34]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way match]], also involving [[Bobby Roode]] and [[Miro (wrestler)|Rusev]].<br>The title became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand following the first night of the [[2018 WWE Superstar Shake-up]]. |ref = <ref name="WM34">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell's WrestleMania 34 live review: AJ Styles vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the WWE Championship, Brock Lesnar vs. Roman Reigns for the WWE Universal Championship, Charlotte Flair vs. Asuka for the Smackdown Women's Championship, Ronda Rousey and Kurt Angle vs. Triple H and Stephanie McMahon|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/08/powells-wrestlemania-34-live-review-aj-styles-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-wwe-championship-brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-charlotte-flair-vs-as/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=8 April 2018|access-date=April 8, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409013212/https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/08/powells-wrestlemania-34-live-review-aj-styles-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-wwe-championship-brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-charlotte-flair-vs-as/|archive-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 156 |champion = [[Jeff Hardy]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|04|16}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=16|year1=2018|month2=07|day2=15|year2=2018}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Hartford, CT]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = The title was transferred back to the [[SmackDown (WWE brand)|SmackDown]] brand on the second night of the [[2018 WWE Superstar Shake-up]]. |ref = <ref name="Raw04162018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Raw Live TV Review: The Superstar Shakeup Night One, Sasha Banks vs. Bayley, Matt Hardy and Bray Wyatt vs. The Revival for a shot at the vacant Raw Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/16/wwe-raw-live-tv-review-the-superstar-shakeup-night-one-sasha-banks-vs-bayley-matt-hardy-and-bray-wyatt-vs-the-revival-for-a-shot-at-the-vacant-raw-tag-titles/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=16 April 2018|access-date=April 16, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417111441/https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/04/16/wwe-raw-live-tv-review-the-superstar-shakeup-night-one-sasha-banks-vs-bayley-matt-hardy-and-bray-wyatt-vs-the-revival-for-a-shot-at-the-vacant-raw-tag-titles/|archive-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 157 |champion = [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2018|07|15}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=15|year1=2018|month2=12|day2=18|year2=2018}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=15|year1=2018|month2=12|day2=25|year2=2018}} |location = [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, PA]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2018)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = WWE lists the end of Nakamura's reign on December 25, 2018, when the following episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref name="ER2018">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=Powell's WWE Extreme Rules live review: Roman Reigns vs. Bobby Lashley, AJ Styles vs. Rusev vs. for the WWE Championship, Dolph Ziggler vs. Seth Rollins in a 30-minute Iron Man match for the IC Title, Bludgeon Brothers vs. Team Hell No for the Smackdown Tag Titles|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/07/15/powells-wwe-extreme-rules-live-review-roman-reigns-vs-bobby-lashley-aj-styles-vs-rusev-vs-for-the-wwe-championship-dolph-ziggler-vs-seth-rollins-in-a-30-minute-iron-man-match-for-the-ic-title/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|access-date=July 15, 2017}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 158 |champion = [[Miro (wrestler)|Rusev]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2018|12|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=18|year1=2018|month2=01|day2=27|year2=2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=26|year1=2018|month2=01|day2=27|year2=2019}} |location = [[Fresno, California|Fresno, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = WWE lists the start of Rusev's reign on December 25, 2018, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Smackdown TV taping spoilers: Full results of the Christmas edition (spoilers)|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/12/19/wwe-smackdown-tv-taping-spoilers-full-results-of-the-christmas-edition-spoilers/|work=Pro Wreslting Dot Net|date=19 December 2018|access-date=December 19, 2018}}</ref><ref name="SmackDown12252018">{{cite web | last1=Powell | first1=Jason| title=Powell's WWE Smackdown Live TV Review: Shinsuke Nakamura vs. Rusev for the U.S. Title, Samoa Joe vs. Jeff Hardy, Andrade Almas vs. Mustafa Ali, Miz TV with Shane McMahon|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2018/12/25/12-25-powells-wwe-smackdown-live-tv-review-shinsuke-nakamura-vs-rusev-for-the-u-s-%e2%80%88title-samoa-joe-vs-jeff-hardy-andrade-almas-vs-mustafa-ali-miz%e2%80%88tv-with-shane-mcmahon/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 159 |champion = [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|1|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=01|day1=27|year1=2019|month2=01|day2=29|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix, AZ]] |event = [[Royal Rumble (2019)|Royal Rumble]] |notes = Match aired live on WWE's social media accounts and the [[WWE Network]] as part of the Royal Rumble pre-show. |ref = <ref name="preRR2019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Royal Rumble 2019 Kickoff Show live review: Rusev vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the U.S. Championship, Buddy Murphy vs. Hideo Itami vs. Kalisto vs. Akira Tozawa for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/01/27/wwe-royal-rumble-2019-kickoff-show-live-review-rusev-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-for-the-u-s-championship-buddy-murphy-vs-hideo-itami-vs-kalisto-vs-akira-tozawa-for-the-wwe-cruiserweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=27 January 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 160 |champion = [[Ron Killings|R-Truth]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|1|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|month=01|day1=29|year1=2019|month2=03|day2=5|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix, AZ]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 161 |champion = [[Samoa Joe]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|3|05}} |days = {{age in days nts|month=03|day1=5|year1=2019|month2=05|day2=19|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Wilkes-Barre, PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|fatal four-way match]] also involving [[Andrade El Idolo|Andrade]] and [[Rey Mysterio]].<br>The title became exclusive to the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] brand following the [[2019 WWE Superstar Shake-up]]. |ref = }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 162 |champion = {{sortname|Rey|Mysterio}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|5|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=19|year1=2019|month2=06|day2=03|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Hartford, CT]] |event = [[Money in the Bank (2019)|Money in the Bank]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="MITB2019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Money in the Bank results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins vs. AJ Styles for the WWE Universal Championship, Kofi Kingston vs. Kevin Owens for the WWE Championship, Becky Lynch defends the Raw and Smackdown Women's Titles, two Money in the Bank ladder matches|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/05/19/wwe-money-in-the-bank-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-aj-styles-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-kofi-kingston-vs-kevin-owens-for-the-wwe-championship-becky-lynch-defends-the-r/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=May 19, 2019|access-date=May 19, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 163 |champion = {{sortname|Samoa|Joe}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|06|03}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=03|year1=2019|month2=06|day2=23|year2=2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month=06|day1=03|year1=2019|month2=06|day2=22|year2=2019}} |location = [[Austin, Texas|Austin, TX]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = [[Rey Mysterio]] gave the title back to Joe because Mysterio injured his shoulder and because of the controversial way in which he won the title at [[Money in the Bank (2019)|Money in the Bank]] (Joe's left shoulder was not down when the referee counted the pin). |ref = <ref name="Raw06032019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=6/3 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of Undertaker's return, Paul Heyman says Brock Lesnar will cash in the Money in the Bank contract, Roman Reigns and The Usos vs. Drew McIntyre and The Revival, Rey Mysterio to relinquish the U.S. Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/06/03/6-3-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-undertakers-return-paul-heyman-says-brock-lesnar-will-cash-in-the-money-in-the-bank-contract-roman-reigns-and-the-usos-vs-drew-mcintyre-and-the-revival-r/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=June 3, 2019|access-date=June 3, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 164 |champion = {{sortname||Ricochet|dab=wrestler}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|06|23}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=06|day1=23|year1=2019|month2=07|day2=14|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma, WA]] |event = [[WWE Stomping Grounds|Stomping Grounds]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Stomping Grounds">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Stomping Grounds results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins vs. Baron Corbin with a special referee for the WWE Universal Championship, Kofi Kingston vs. Dolph Ziggler in a cage match for the WWE Championship, Becky Lynch vs. Lacey Evans for the Raw Women's Title, Samoa Joe vs. Ricochet the U.S. Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/06/23/wwe-stomping-grounds-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-baron-corbin-with-a-special-referee-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-kofi-kingston-vs-dolph-ziggler-in-a-cage-match-for-the/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=June 23, 2019|access-date=June 23, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 165 |champion = {{sortname|AJ|Styles}} |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2019|07|14}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=07|day1=14|year1=2019|month2=11|day2=25|year2=2019}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] |event = [[Extreme Rules (2019)|Extreme Rules]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="ER2019">{{cite web|last1=Powell|first1=Jason|title=WWE Extreme Rules results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins and Becky Lynch vs. Baron Corbin and Lacey Evans in an Extreme Rules match for the WWE Universal Championship and the Raw Women's Championship, Kofi Kingston vs. Samoa Joe for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/07/14/wwe-extreme-rules-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-and-becky-lynch-vs-baron-corbin-and-lacey-evans-in-an-extreme-rules-match-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-and-the-raw-womens-cham/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=July 14, 2019|access-date=July 14, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 166 |champion = {{sortname|Rey|Mysterio}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2019|11|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=25|year1=2019|month2=12|day2=26|year2=2019}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=11|day1=26|year1=2019|month2=12|day2=26|year2=2019}} |location = [[Rosemont, IL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw11252019">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=11/25 WWE Raw Results: Powell's review of the night after Survivor Series edition with AJ Styles vs. Humberto Carrillo for the U.S. Championship, Charlotte Flair vs. Asuka, Seth Rollins' town hall meeting|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/11/25/11-25-wwe-raw-results-powells-review-of-the-night-after-survivor-series-edition-with-aj-styles-vs-humberto-carrillo-for-the-u-s-championship-charlotte-flair-vs-asuka-seth-rollins-town-hall-m/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=November 25, 2019|access-date=November 25, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 167 |champion = {{sortname||Andrade|Andrade El Idolo|}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2019|12|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=26|year1=2019|month2=05|day2=25|year2=2020}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=12|day1=25|year1=2019|month2=05|day2=23|year2=2020}} |location = [[New York City|New York, NY]] |event = [[List of professional_wrestling terms#H|WWE Live <small>(House show)</small>]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Andrade">{{cite web|last=Wilen|first=Jerome|title=Andrade captures the US Title during WWE Live Event at Madison Square Garden|url=https://www.wrestleview.com/top-story/144805-andrade-captures-the-us-title-at-wwe-live-event-at-msg/|work=WrestleView|date=December 26, 2019|access-date=December 27, 2019}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 168 |champion = {{sortname|Apollo|Crews}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2020|05|25}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=25|year1=2020|month2=08|day2=30|year2=2020}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=05|day1=25|year1=2020|month2=08|day2=29|year2=2020}} |location = [[Orlando, FL]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw05252020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=5/25 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of WWE Champion Drew McIntyre on MVP's VIP Lounge, Nia Jax vs. Charlotte Flair vs. Natalya for a Raw Women's Championship match at WWE Backlash, Andrade vs. Apollo Crews for the U.S. Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/05/25/5-25-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-wwe-champion-drew-mcintyre-on-mvps-vip-lounge-nia-jax-vs-charlotte-flair-vs-natalya-for-a-raw-womens-championship-match-at-wwe-backlash-andrade-v/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=May 25, 2020|access-date=May 25, 2020}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 169 |champion = {{sortname|Bobby|Lashley}} |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2020|08|30}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=30|year1=2020|month2=02|day2=21|year2=2021}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Orlando, FL]] |event = [[Payback (2020)|Payback]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="Payback2020">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Payback results: Powell's review of The Fiend vs. Bray Wyatt vs. Roman Reigns vs. Braun Strowman in a Triple Threat for the WWE Universal Championship, Keith Lee vs. Randy Orton, Sasha Banks and Bayley vs. Shayna Baszler and Nia Jax for the WWE Women's Tag Titles, Matt Riddle vs. King Corbin|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/08/30/wwe-payback-results-powells-review-of-the-fiend-vs-bray-wyatt-vs-roman-reigns-vs-braun-strowman-in-a-triple-threat-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-keith-lee-vs-randy-orton-sasha-banks-and/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=August 30, 2020|access-date=August 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831090708/https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/08/30/wwe-payback-results-powells-review-of-the-fiend-vs-bray-wyatt-vs-roman-reigns-vs-braun-strowman-in-a-triple-threat-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-keith-lee-vs-randy-orton-sasha-banks-and/|archive-date=August 31, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 170 |champion = [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2021|02|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=02|day1=21|year1=2021|month2=04|day2=11|year2=2021}} |days2 = yes |location = [[St. Petersburg, Florida|St. Petersburg, FL]] |event = [[Elimination Chamber (2021)|Elimination Chamber]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]] also involving [[John Morrison (wrestler)|John Morrison]], who Riddle pinned. |ref = <ref name="EC2021">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Elimination Chamber results: Powell's live review of Drew McIntyre vs. Sheamus vs. Randy Orton vs. Kofi Kingston vs. AJ Styles vs. Jeff Hardy in an Elimination Chamber match for the WWE Championship, Roman Reigns faces an Elimination Chamber match winner for the WWE Universal Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/02/21/wwe-elimination-chamber-results-powells-live-review-of-drew-mcintyre-vs-sheamus-vs-randy-orton-vs-kofi-kingston-vs-aj-styles-vs-jeff-hardy-in-an-elimination-chamber-match-for-the-wwe-champions/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=February 21, 2021|access-date=February 21, 2021}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 171 |champion = [[Sheamus]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2021|04|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=11|year1=2021|month2=08|day2=21|year2=2021}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|month1=04|day1=11|year1=2021|month2=08|day2=20|year2=2021}} |location = [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] |event = [[WrestleMania 37]]<br>{{small|Night 2}} |notes = |ref = <ref name="WM37N2">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 37 results: Powell's live review of night two with Roman Reigns vs. Edge vs. Daniel Bryan in a Triple Threat for the WWE Universal Championship, Asuka vs. Rhea Ripley for the Raw Women's Championship, Big E vs. Apollo Crews in a Nigerian Drum Fight for the IC Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/04/11/wrestlemania-37-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-edge-vs-daniel-bryan-in-a-triple-threat-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-asuka-vs-rhea-ripley-for-the-raw-women/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 11, 2021|access-date=April 11, 2021}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 172 |champion = [[Damian Priest]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2021|08|21}} |days = {{age in days nts|month1=08|day1=21|year1=2021|month2=02|day2=28|year2=2022}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise, NV]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2021)|SummerSlam]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="SSlam2021">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE SummerSlam results: Powell's review of Roman Reigns vs. John Cena for the WWE Universal Championship, Bianca Belair vs. Sasha Banks for the Smackdown Women's Championship, Bobby Lashley vs. Goldberg for the WWE Championship, Edge vs. Seth Rollins, Nikki ASH vs. Charlotte Flair vs. Rhea Ripley for the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/08/21/wwe-summerslam-results-powells-review-of-roman-reigns-vs-john-cena-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-bianca-belair-vs-sasha-banks-for-the-smackdown-womens-championship-bobby-lashley-vs-gold/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=August 21, 2021|access-date=August 21, 2021}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 173 |champion = [[Finn Bálor]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2022|02|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|February 28, 2022|April 18, 2022}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|February 28, 2022|April 17, 2022}} |location = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw02282022">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=2/28 WWE Raw Results: Powell's live review of Damian Priest vs. Finn Balor for the U.S. Championship, Edge addressing his WrestleMania future, Raw Tag Champions Alpha Academy vs. Seth Rollins and Kevin Owens in a non-title match, RK-Bro vs. The Street Profits|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/02/28/2-28-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-damian-priest-vs-finn-balor-for-the-u-s-championship-edge-addressing-his-wrestlemania-future-raw-tag-champions-alpha-academy-vs-seth-rollins-and-kev/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=February 28, 2022|access-date=March 1, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 174 |champion = [[Austin Theory|Theory]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2022|04|18}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 18, 2022|July 2, 2022}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw04182022">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=4/18 WWE Raw results: Powell's live review of Cody Rhodes vs. an opponent of Seth Rollins' choosing, Finn Balor vs. Theory for the U.S. Title, Sasha Banks and Naomi vs. Rhea Ripley and Liv Morgan for the WWE Women's Tag Titles, RK-Bro vs. The Street Profits in a non-title match, commitment ceremonies, lie detector test|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/18/4-18-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-finn-balor-vs-theory-for-the-u-s-championship-sasha-banks-and-naomi-vs-rhea-ripley-and-liv-morgan-for-the-wwe-womens-tag-titles-kevin-owens-gives/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 18, 2022|access-date=April 18, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 175 |champion = [[Bobby Lashley]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2022|07|02}} |days = {{age in days nts|July 2, 2022|October 10, 2022}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise, NV]] |event = [[Money in the Bank (2022)|Money in the Bank]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="MITB2022">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Money in the Bank results: Powell's review of the MITB ladder matches, The Usos vs. The Street Profits for the Undisputed WWE Tag Titles, Ronda Rousey vs. Natalya for the Smackdown Women's Title, Bianca Belair vs. Natalya for the Raw Women's Title, Theory vs. Bobby Lashley for the U.S. Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/07/02/wwe-money-in-the-bank-results-powells-review-of-the-mitb-ladder-matches-the-usos-vs-the-street-profits-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-titles-ronda-rousey-vs-natalya-for-the-smackdown-womens-title/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=July 2, 2022|access-date=July 2, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 176 |champion = [[Seth "Freakin" Rollins]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2022|10|10}} |days = {{age in days nts|October 10, 2022|November 26, 2022}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Brooklyn, NY]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="Raw10102022">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=10/10 WWE Raw results: Powell's live review of Bobby Lashley vs. Seth Rollins for the U.S. Title, Johnny Gargano vs. Austin Theory, The Bloodline appear, DX's 25th Anniversary celebration|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/10/10/10-10-wwe-raw-results-powells-live-review-of-bobby-lashley-vs-seth-rollins-for-the-u-s-title-johnny-gargano-vs-austin-theory-the-bloodline-appear-dxs-25th-anniversary-celebration/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=October 10, 2022|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 177 |champion = [[Austin Theory]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2022|11|26}} |days = {{age in days nts|November 26, 2022|August 11, 2023}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|November 26, 2022|August 10, 2023}} |location = [[Boston, MA]] |event = [[Survivor Series: WarGames (2022)|Survivor Series: WarGames]] |notes = This was a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|triple threat match]], also involving [[Bobby Lashley]]. Austin Theory was formerly known as Theory.<br>The title became exclusive to the [[SmackDown]] brand following the [[2023 WWE Draft]]. |ref = <ref name="SSeries2022">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Survivor Series WarGames results: Powell's review of The Bloodline vs. Drew McIntyre, Kevin Owens, and The Brawling Brutes in a WarGames match, Bianca Belair, Becky Lynch, Asuka, Alexa Bliss, and Mia Yim vs. Rhea Ripley, Nikki Cross, and Damage CTRL in a WarGames match, Seth Rollins vs. Bobby Lashley vs. Austin Theory for the U.S. Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/11/26/wwe-survivor-series-wargames-results-powells-review-of-the-bloodline-vs-drew-mcintyre-kevin-owens-and-the-brawling-brutes-in-a-wargames-match-bianca-belair-becky-lynch-asuka-alexa-bliss-and/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=November 26, 2022|access-date=November 27, 2022}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 178 |champion = [[Rey Mysterio]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|2023|8|11}} |days = {{age in days nts|August 11, 2023|November 4, 2023}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|August 11, 2023|November 4, 2023}} |location = [[Calgary]], [[Alberta|AB]], [[Canada]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = Austin Theory should have faced [[Santos Escobar]], who had won the United States Championship Invitational Tournament, but was taken out by Theory before the match started. WWE official [[Adam Pearce]] then allowed Mysterio to take Escobar's place for the title match. |ref = <ref name="SmackDown08112023">{{Cite web|last=Barnett|first=Jake|date=August 11, 2023|title=WWE Friday Night Smackdown results (8/11): Barnett's review of Jimmy Uso’s "Hail to the Chief" segment, Asuka vs. Charlotte Flair, Austin Theory vs. Santos Escobar for the U.S. Title, AJ Styles vs. Karrion Kross |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/08/11/wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-8-11-barnetts-review-of-jimmy-usos-hail-to-the-chief-segment-asuka-vs-charlotte-flair-austin-theory-vs-santos-escobar-f/ |access-date=August 12, 2023|website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 179 |champion = [[Logan Paul]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2023|11|04}} |days = 273 |days2 = 273 |location = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |event = [[Crown Jewel (2023)|Crown Jewel]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="CJ2023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Crown Jewel results: Powell’s review of Roman Reigns vs. LA Knight for the WWE Universal Title, Seth Rollins vs. Drew McIntyre for the World Heavyweight Title, Rey Mysterio vs. Logan Paul for the U.S. Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/11/04/wwe-crown-jewel-results-powells-review-of-roman-reigns-vs-la-knight-for-the-wwe-universal-title-seth-rollins-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-world-heavyweight-title-rey-mysterio-vs-logan-paul-for-the/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=November 4, 2023|access-date=November 4, 2023}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 180 |champion = [[LA Knight]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2024|08|03}} |days = {{age in days|August 3, 2024|November 30, 2024}} |days2 = 118 |location = [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio|OH]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2024)|SummerSlam]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="SSlam2024">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE SummerSlam results: Powell's review of Cody Rhodes vs. Solo Sikoa in a Bloodline Rules match for the WWE Championship, Damian Priest vs. Gunther for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/08/03/wwe-summerslam-results-powells-review-of-cody-rhodes-vs-solo-sikoa-in-a-bloodline-rules-match-for-the-wwe-championship-damian-priest-vs-gunther-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=August 3, 2024|access-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809042257/https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/08/03/wwe-summerslam-results-powells-review-of-cody-rhodes-vs-solo-sikoa-in-a-bloodline-rules-match-for-the-wwe-championship-damian-priest-vs-gunther-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|archive-date=August 9, 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 181 |champion = [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] |reign = 3 |date = {{dts|November 30, 2024}} |days = {{age in days|November 30, 2024|March 7, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia|BC]], [[Canada]] |event = [[Survivor Series: WarGames (2024)|Survivor Series: WarGames]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="SSeries2024">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Survivor Series WarGames results: Powell's review of OG Bloodline and CM Punk vs. The Bloodline and Bronson Reed in a WarGames match, women's WarGames match, three title matches|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/11/30/wwe-survivor-series-wargames-results-powells-review-of-og-bloodline-and-cm-punk-vs-the-bloodline-and-bronson-reed-in-a-wargames-match-womens-wargames-match-three-title-matches/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=November 30, 2024|access-date=November 30, 2024}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 182 |champion = [[LA Knight]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2025|03|07}} |days = {{age in days|March 7, 2025|April 19, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="SmackDown03072024">{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/03/07/wwe-smackdown-results-3-7-powells-live-review-of-cody-rhodes-addressing-john-cenas-attack-shinsuke-nakamura-vs-la-knight-for-the-u-s-title-chelsea-green-vs-michin-in-a-street-fight-for-the/|title=WWE Smackdown results (3/7): Powell's live review of Cody Rhodes addressing John Cena's attack, Shinsuke Nakamura vs. LA Knight for the U.S. Title, Chelsea Green vs. Michin in a street fight for the Women's U.S. Title|date=March 7, 2025|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=[[Pro Wrestling Dot Net]]|access-date=March 7, 2025}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 183 |champion = [[Jacob Fatu]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 19, 2025}} |days = {{age in days|April 19, 2025|June 28, 2025}} |days2 = {{age in days|April 20, 2025|June 28, 2025}} |location = [[Paradise, Nevada|Paradise, NV]] |event = [[WrestleMania 41]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = |ref = <ref name="WM41N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 41 results: Powell's live review of night one with Roman Reigns vs. CM Punk vs. Seth Rollins, Gunther vs. Jey Uso for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/wrestlemania-41-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-roman-reigns-vs-cm-punk-vs-seth-rollins-gunther-vs-jey-uso-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 19, 2025|access-date=April 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429080055/https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/wrestlemania-41-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-roman-reigns-vs-cm-punk-vs-seth-rollins-gunther-vs-jey-uso-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|archive-date=April 29, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 184 |champion = [[Solo Sikoa]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2025|06|28}} |days = {{age in days nts|June 28, 2025|August 29, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2025)|Night of Champions]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="NOC2025">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Night of Champions results: Powell's live review of John Cena vs. CM Punk for the WWE Championship, Randy Orton vs. Cody Rhodes in the KOTR final, Asuka vs. Jade Cargill in the QOTR final|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/06/28/wwe-night-of-champions-results-powells-live-review-of-john-cena-vs-cm-punk-for-the-wwe-championship-randy-orton-vs-cody-rhodes-in-the-kotr-final-asuka-vs-jade-cargill-in-the-qotr-final/|date=June 28, 2025|work=[[Pro Wrestling Dot Net]]|access-date=June 28, 2025}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 185 |champion = [[Sami Zayn]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2025|08|29}} |days = {{age in days nts|August 29, 2025|October 17, 2025}} |days2 = yes |location = [[Décines-Charpieu]], [[France]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = |ref = <ref name="SamiZayn">{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2025 |title=Sami Zayn Wins WWE United States Title On WWE SmackDown |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/sami-zayn-wins-wwe-united-states-title-on-wwe-smackdown/ |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |access-date=August 29, 2025 |website=Fightful |language=en-US}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 186 |champion = [[Ilja Dragunov]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2025|10|17}} |days = {{age in days nts|October 17, 2025|December 19, 2025}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|October 17, 2025|December 26, 2025}} |location = [[San Jose, California|San Jose, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was an open challenge.<br>WWE lists the end of Dragunov's reign on December 26, 2025, when the following episode aired on tape delay. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sescoops.com/news/wwe/ilja-dragunov-returns-wins-wwe-us-title/|title=Ilja Dragunov Returns, Wins WWE US Title|date=October 17, 2025|last=Ravens|first=Andrew|work=SE Scoops|access-date=October 17, 2025}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 187 |champion = [[Carmelo Hayes]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|2025|12|19}} |days = {{age in days nts|December 19, 2025|March 27, 2026}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|December 26, 2025|March 27, 2026}} |location = [[Grand Rapids, MI]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was an open challenge.<br>WWE lists the start of Hayes' reign on December 26, 2025, when the episode aired on [[Broadcast delay|tape delay]]. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/spoiler-title-change-at-wwe-smackdown-tapings/|title=Spoiler: Title Change At WWE SmackDown Tapings|date=December 19, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=December 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/carmelo-hayes-wins-wwe-us-title-on-wwe-smackdown/|title=Carmelo Hayes Wins WWE US Title On WWE SmackDown|date=December 26, 2025|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=December 26, 2025}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 188 |champion = [[Sami Zayn]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|2026|03|27}} |days = {{age in days nts|March 27, 2026|April 19, 2026}} |days2 = {{age in days nts|March 28, 2026|April 19, 2026}} |location = [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'' |notes = This was an open challenge. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.si.com/fannation/wrestling/wwe/sami-zayn-captures-men-united-states-championship-earns-match-at-wrestlemania-42|title=Sami Zayn Captures Men's United States Championship, Earns Match at WrestleMania 42|date=March 27, 2026|first=Rick|last=Ucchino|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]|access-date=March 27, 2026}}</ref> }}{{PWtitlereign |number = 189 |champion = [[Trick Williams]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 19, 2026}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 19, 2026}}+ |days2 = yes |location = [[Paradise, NV]] |event = [[WrestleMania 42]]<br>{{small|Night 2}} |notes = |ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/2026/04/19/trick-williams-beats-sami-zayn-to-capture-u-s-title-at-wwe-wrestlemania-42/|title=Trick Williams beats Sami Zayn to capture U.S. title at WWE Wrestlemania 42|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> }} {{BundleEnd}} == Combined reigns == {{multiple image |align = right |direction = vertical |width = 200 |image1 = Harley race.jpg |caption1 = First champion [[Harley Race]] |image2 = Ric Flair in Seoul, South Korea.jpg |caption2 = Record six-time champion [[Ric Flair]] |image3 = All-American Lex Luger.jpg |caption3 = [[Lex Luger]] is the longest reigning champion in the title's history, with a record of 523 days |image4 = Ambrose USA Champion.jpg |caption4 = [[Dean Ambrose]] is the longest reigning United States Champion in WWE, with a record of 351 days }} As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}. {|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#ffe6bd;"|† |Is the current champion |} {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" |- !Rank !Wrestler !No. of<br/>reigns !Combined<br/>days !Combined days<br/>rec. by WWE |- !1 |{{sortname|Lex|Luger}} || 5 || 950 || 945 |- !2 |{{sortname|Ric|Flair}} || 5⁽⁶⁾{{efn|Flair's fifth reign is not typically listed by WWE, but a WWE.com article calls him a six-time champion.}} || 773 || 704 |- !3 |{{sortname|Greg|Valentine}} || 2⁽³⁾{{efn|WWE lists Valentine as a two-time champion. His first reign is not listed by WWE.}} || 512 || 390 |- !4 |{{sortname|Blackjack|Mulligan}} || 3⁽⁴⁾{{efn|WWE lists Mulligan as a three-time champion. His second reign is not listed by WWE.}} || 509 || 498 |- !5 |{{sortname|Montel Vontavious|Porter}} || 2 || 419 || 414 |- !6 |{{sortname|John|Cena}} || 5 || 403 || 423 |- !7 |{{sortname|Rick|Rude}} || 1 || 378 || 377 |- !8 |{{sortname||Sheamus}} || 3 || 362 || 360 |- !9 |{{sortname|Chris|Benoit}} || 5 || 357 || 352 |- !10 |{{sortname|Dean|Ambrose|Jon Moxley}} || 1 || 351 || 350 |- !11 |{{sortname|(Austin)|Theory|Austin Theory}} || 2{{efn|During his first reign, his ring name was simply "Theory".}} || 333 || 331 |- !12 |{{sortname|Nikita|Koloff}} || 1 || 328 || 327 |- !13 |{{sortname|Bobby|Lashley}} || 3 || 324 || 323 |- !14 |{{sortname|The|Miz}} || 2 || 321 || 319 |- !15 |{{sortname||Rusev|Miro (wrestler)}} || 3 || 312 || 303 |- !16 |{{sortname|Sgt.|Slaughter}} || 2 || 305 || 303 |- !17 |{{sortname|Magnum|T. A.}} || 2 || 302 || 272 |- !18 |{{sortname|Wahoo|McDaniel}} || 5 || 296 || 295 |- !19 |{{sortname|Barry|Windham}} || 1 || 283 || 282 |- !20 |{{sortname|Logan|Paul}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 273 |- !21 |{{sortname|Booker|T|dab=wrestler}} || 4 || 271 || 262 |- !22 |{{sortname|Ricky|Steamboat}} || 4 || 265 || 263 |- !23 |{{sortname|Dustin|Rhodes}} || 2 || 257 || 227 |- !24 | {{sortname|Shinsuke|Nakamura}} || 3 || 255 || 262 |- ! rowspan=2|25 |{{sortname|Steve|Austin|Stone Cold Steve Austin}} || 2 || rowspan="2" | 240 || 239 |- |{{sortname|Shelton|Benjamin}} || 1 || 242 |- !27 |{{sortname|Antonio|Cesaro|Claudio Castagnoli}} || 1 || colspan=2|239 |- !28 |{{sortname||Sting|dab=wrestler}} || 2 || 234 || 232 |- !29 |{{sortname|Jimmy|Snuka}} || 1 || 231 || 232 |- !30 |{{sortname|AJ|Styles}} || 3 || 225 || 224 |- !31 |{{sortname|Roddy|Piper}} || 3 || 220 || 219 |- !32 |{{sortname|Kofi|Kingston}} || 3 || 209 || 207 |- !rowspan=2|33 |{{sortname|Dolph|Ziggler}} || 2 || 191 || 189 |- |{{sortname|Damian|Priest}} || 1 || colspan=2|191 |- !35 |{{sortname|Bret|Hart}} || 5 || 186 || 181 |- !36 |{{sortname|Jeff|Jarrett}} || 3 || 184 || 181 |- !37 |{{sortname|Harley|Race}} || 1 || colspan=2|183 |- !38 |{{sortname|Daniel|Bryan|Bryan Danielson}} || 1 || colspan=2|176 |- !39 |{{sortname|Orlando|Jordan}} || 1 || 173 || 170 |- !40 |{{sortname|Scott|Steiner}} || 2 || 169 || 167 |- !41 |{{sortname|Santino|Marella}} || 1 || 167 || 166 |- !42 |{{sortname|LA|Knight}} || 2 || 162 || 160 |- !43 |{{sortname|Eddie|Guerrero}} || 2 || 161 || 159 |- !44 |{{sortname||Konnan}} || 1 || 160 || 159 |- !45 |{{sortname|Paul|Jones|dab=wrestler}} || 2{{efn|WWE lists Jones as a two-time champion. His third reign is not listed by WWE.}} || 156 || 148 |- !46 |{{sortname||Andrade|Andrade El Idolo}} || 1 || 151 || 150 |- !rowspan=2|47 |{{sortname|Diamond Dallas|Page}} || 2 || rowspan="2" | 147 || 145 |- |{{sortname|Big|Show}} || 1 || 146 |- !49 |{{sortname|Dusty|Rhodes}} || 1 || 141 || 140 |- !50 |{{sortname|Rey|Mysterio}} || 3 || 131 || 129 |- !51 |{{sortname|Tully|Blanchard}} || 1 || 130 || 129 |- !52 |{{sortname|Dick|Slater}} || 1 || colspan=2|129 |- !53 |{{sortname||Kalisto}} || 2 || colspan=2|120 |- !54 |{{sortname|Lance|Storm}} || 3 || 118 || 112 |- !55 |{{sortname|Roman|Reigns}} || 1 || colspan="2" |106 |- !56 |{{sortname|Curt|Hennig}} || 1 || 104 || 103 |- !57 |{{sortname|Jim|Duggan}} || 1 || 100 || 99 |- !58 |{{sortname|Carmelo|Hayes}} || 1 || 98 || 91 |- !59 |{{sortname|Apollo|Crews}} || 1 || 97 || 96 |- !60 |{{sortname|Kevin|Owens}} || 3 || 96 || 95 |- !61 |{{sortname|Samoa|Joe}} || 2 || 95 || 93 |- !62 |{{sortname|Johnny|Valentine}} || 1 || 93 || 92 |- ! rowspan="2" |63 |{{sortname|Alberto|Del Rio}} || 2 || rowspan="2" | 90 || rowspan="2" | 89 |- |{{sortname|Jeff|Hardy}} || 1 |- !65 |{{sortname|Big Van|Vader}} || 1 || 88 || 87 |- !rowspan=2|66 |{{sortname|Chris|Jericho}} || 2 || rowspan="2" | 85 || rowspan="2" | 84 |- |{{sortname|Dean|Malenko}} || 1 |- !68 |{{sortname|Matt|Hardy}} || 1 || 84 || 83 |- !69 |{{sortname||Goldberg|Bill Goldberg}} || 2 || 78 || 90 |- !70 |{{sortname|Seth|Rollins}} || 2 || colspan=2|75 |- !71 |{{sortname|Sami|Zayn}} || 2 || colspan=2|72 |- !rowspan=2|72 |{{sortname|Jacob|Fatu}} || 1 || colspan="2" | 70 |- |{{sortname|Baron|Corbin}} || 1 || 70 || 69 |- !74 |{{sortname|Scott|Hall}} || 2 || 65 || 64 |- !75 |{{sortname|Ilja|Dragunov}} || 1 || 63 || 70 |- !76 |{{sortname|Solo|Sikoa}} || 1 || colspan=2| 62 |- !77 |{{sortname|Gen.|Rection}} || 2 || 61 || 62 |- !78 |{{sortname||R-Truth}} || 2 || 56 || 55 |- !79 |{{sortname|Bobby|Roode}} || 1 || 54 || 53 |- !80 | bgcolor="#ffe6bd" |{{sortname|Trick|Williams}} † || 1 || colspan="2" |{{age in days|April 19, 2026}}+ |- !81 |{{sortname|John "Bradshaw"|Layfield|John Layfield}} || 1 || 51 || 53 |- !82 |{{sortname|Stan|Hansen}} || 1 || 50 || 49 |- !rowspan=4|83 |{{sortname|Jack|Swagger}} || 1 || colspan=2|49 |- |{{sortname||Finlay|Fit Finlay}} || 1 || 49 || 48 |- |{{sortname|Finn|Bálor}} || 1 || 49 || 48 |- |{{sortname||Riddle|Matt Riddle}} || 1 || colspan=2|49 |- !87 |{{sortname|Chris|Kanyon}} || 1 || 48 || 45 |- !88 |{{sortname|Kensuke|Sasaki}} || 1 || 44 || 43 |- !rowspan=3|89 |{{sortname|Carlito|Caribbean Cool|Carlito (wrestler)}}|| 1 || rowspan="3" | 42 || rowspan="3" | 41 |- |{{sortname|Mr.|Kennedy|Ken Anderson (wrestler)}} || 1 |- |{{sortname|Sid|Vicious|Sid Eudy}} || 1 |- !92 |{{sortname|Rick|Steiner}} || 1 || 41 || 40 |- !93 |{{sortname|David|Flair}} || 1 || 35 || 34 |- !94 |{{sortname|One Man|Gang}} || 1 || 33 || 32 |- ! rowspan="2" |95 |{{sortname||Rhyno}} || 1 || 29 || 28 |- |{{sortname|Zack|Ryder}} || 1 || 29 || 28 |- !97 |{{sortname|Randy|Orton}} || 1 || 28 || 27 |- !98 |{{sortname|Steve|McMichael}} || 1 || 25 || 24 |- !rowspan=2|99 |{{sortname|Bobo|Brazil}} || 1 || rowspan="2" | 22 || rowspan="2" | 21 |- |{{sortname|Shane|Douglas}} || 1 |- !rowspan=3|101 |{{sortname|Kurt|Angle}} || 1 || 21 || 20 |- |{{sortname|Mr.|Wrestling}} || 1 || colspan="2" rowspan="2" |21 |- |{{sortname||Ricochet|dab=wrestler}} || 1 |- !104 |{{sortname|Terry|Funk}} || 2 || 19 || 18 |- !105 |{{sortname|Michael|Hayes|}} || 1 || 15 || 14 |- !106 |{{sortname||Tajiri|Yoshihiro Tajiri}} || 1 || 13 || 12 |- !107 |{{sortname|Jinder|Mahal}} || 1 || colspan="2" |8 |- !108 |{{sortname||Edge|dab=wrestler}} || 1 || 6 || 5 |- !109 |{{sortname||Raven|dab=wrestler}} || 1 || 1 || <1 |- |} == Footnotes == {{notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * [http://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/unitedstates/ Official WWE United States Championship Title History] * [http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wcw/wcw-us-h.html NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Championship Title History at Wrestling-Titles.com (1975–2001)] * [http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wwe/wwf-us-h.html#wwe WWE United States Championship Title History at Wrestling-Titles.com (2001 – present)] {{WWE Championships}} {{WCW Championships}} [[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships]] 6b562ntfwa9nopii74q83xp9az2ym12 0 696568 10882385 10871356 2026-06-09T15:00:40Z SimpleEngEco 1813720 minor copy-edit for capitalisations and format 10882385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Copyedit|for=Lots of capitalization errors|date=August 2024}} The '''2020 Belizean general election''' elected the members of the House of Representatives in the National Assembly. On 14 March 2017, [[Prime Minister of Belize]], [[Dean Barrow]] stated that he would call for early elections in November 2019. But in March 2018, Barrow pushed back and set it for 13 February 2020. On 22 May 2019, Barrow insisted that there would be no [[general election]] before 1 November 2020 in [[Belize]]. ==Date== ===Deadline=== The [[deadline]] for nominations was 21 October 2020, with political campaigning lasting for four weeks until polling day on 11 November 2020. On the day of the election, polling across the [[country]] opened from 7 am, and closed at 10 pm. It was the third to be held in [[November]] since [[1979]]. ===Eligibility=== [[Individual]]s eligible to vote have to be registered to vote by [[midnight]] on 26 September 2020. To be eligible to vote, individuals had to be aged 18 or over; residing as a [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] [[citizen]] at an address in [[Belize]], or a Belizean [[citizen]] overseas who registered to [[vote]] in the last 15 years and not legally excluded (on grounds of detainment in [[prison]], a [[mental hospital]], or on the [[run]] from [[law enforcement]]) or disqualified from [[voting]]. Anyone who qualified as an anonymous elector had until midnight on 26 October to [[register]]. ===Previous election=== The previous general election was held on 4 November 2015, and the new [[National Assembly of Belize|National Assembly]] was opened on 13 November 2015, which was also the date that the first sitting of the [[National Assembly of Belize]] began after the [[2015 Belizean general election]]. According to Section 84 of the [[Constitution of Belize]], the [[National Assembly of Belize]] ([[House of Representatives of Belize|House of Representatives]] and [[Senate of Belize|Senate]]) must be dissolved every “five years from the date when the two houses, first met” unless dissolved sooner by the [[Governor-General of Belize]] upon the advice of the [[Prime Minister of Belize|Prime Minister]]. A [[general election]] must be called within three months of a dissolution, meaning the latest possible date for Barrow to call the next Belizean general election is on 13 February 2021. If by any chance the next Belizean general election is not held by 13 February 2021, Barrow may be forced to vacate the office of [[Prime Minister of Belize|Prime Minister]], however he may still remain as Leader of the [[United Democratic Party]] (UDP), but he will have to make a snap decision on a [[Caretaker a Prime Minister of Belize|Caretaker Prime Minister of Belize]] to formally announce a date for the next general election. The [[Caretaker Prime Minister of Belize|Caretaker Prime Minister]] must be from the ruling, UDP and must also be a [[Cabinet minister]] in [[government]]. Despite the five-year term of the [[National Assembly of Belize|National Assembly]], three of the last four general elections have been called at least a year early. Both [[Prime Minister of Belize|Prime Minister]], [[Dean Barrow]] and [[Leader of the Opposition]], [[Johnny Briceño]] of the [[People’s United Party]] (PUP) are on record supporting lowering the maximum five-year term of the [[National Assembly of Belize]] to four years. This was also one of the promises that Briceño promised the [[People of Belize]] should the PUP be elected in the next election. ===Leadership=== Barrow first declared on 1 March 2016 that he would be stepping down as Prime Minister on 13 February 2020 and was finding a suitable successor. He also told the media that the next election is likely to be held in early 2020 and also scheduled a UDP [[Leadership convention and election]] in May 2019. His remarks came as he was being questioned about the then pending [[United Democratic Party First Deputy Leadership election and convention]]. On 1 April 2017, at the [[Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] annual general meeting Barrow narrowed down his departure as [[Prime Minister of Belize|Prime Minister]] to less than a year and stated that he will [[Retirement|retire]] in March 2018. He also narrowed down the date of the leadership convention to 13 February 2018. He also declared that, “since this will be my last opportunity to address your annual gathering, I close by saying how thankful I am for what has in the main been a constructive relationship with the Chamber”. In early 2017, Barrow suffered from excruciating [[back pain]] for a long time. He could barely sit upright without visible signs of pain on his face, but on 1 September 2018, things changed. After more than a year of pain, Barrow went to [[Cuba]] and requested the doctors in a hospital there to perform a spinal surgery. The surgery was a success and after one week of rest and recovery, Barrow returned to perfect health. After the surgery was over, Barrow rescheduled his retirement once again this time to December 2019 and hinted he could do so earlier and also rescheduled the date for the UDP’s Leadership convention back to May 2019. On 18 November 2018, Barrow’s cabinet urged him to remain as Prime Minister until the 2020 general election. They also urged him to remain as leader of the UDP until February 2020. He said he will take that move and eventually for the final time, rescheduled the convention to February 2020. On 4 December 2018, [[Minister of Human Development]] and [[Minister of Social Transformation]], [[Anthony Martinez]] revealed to the media on why he and the cabinet urged Barrow to remain as Prime Minister until 2020. Martinez stayed on course saying that Barrow ultimately took the decision and that the goal is for the currently leadership to take the UDP into a fourth term in [[government]]. A fourth term will be historic for the UDP as no [[political party]] in post-independence [[Belize]] has ever had a fourth term. Plus this will also be a major upset for the majority of [[Belizeans]] who were expecting the PUP to win at the next election. ==Background== ===Contesting parties=== With the exception of the [[Belize Progressive Party]], led by Patrick Rogers in the [[2015 Belizean general election|2015 elections]], all parties were contesting under first-time leaders. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="2" |Party !Position !Ideology !Leader {{small|(since)}} !Slogan and Manifesto !Campaign Song |- | bgcolor="{{party color|United Democratic Party (Belize)}}" | |[[United Democratic Party (Belize)|United Democratic Party]] (UDP) |[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]] |[[Conservatism]] |[[Patrick Faber (politician)|Patrick Faber]]<br />{{small|(October 2020)}} |"Because YOUR Future Matters"<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=UDP Manifesto 2020|url=https://www.udp.org.bz|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000424102913/http://www.udp.org.bz:80/ |archive-date=2000-04-24 |access-date=24 October 2020|website=[[United Democratic Party (Belize)|United Democratic Party]]}}</ref> |"Your Future Matters!" "Staying with the UDP" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Supa G - Staying With the UDP Official Music Video - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BmFvNJB5Jwk|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |- | bgcolor="{{party color|People's United Party}}" | |[[People's United Party]] (PUP) |[[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] |[[Christian democracy]]<br />[[Social democracy]]<br />[[Nationalism]] |[[Johnny Briceño]]<br />{{small|(January 2016)}} |"#PlanBelize"<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=PUP Manifesto 2020|url=https://planbelize.bz|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915141214/https://planbelize.bz/ |archive-date=2020-09-15 |access-date=24 October 2020|website=[[People's United Party]]}}</ref> |"Vote BLU, Everybody fi win" (Todos Ganamos)"<ref>{{Cite web|title=TR Shine, Missy B, Concego & Boss Lady - 'With BLU We ALL Win (Todos Ganamos)' - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGi20eViq2E|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Belize Progressive Party}}" | |[[Belize Progressive Party]] (BPP) |[[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] |[[Social democracy]]<br>[[Reformism]]<br>[[Republicanism]] |Patrick Rogers<br>{{small|(September 2015)}} |"Changing the system in Belize"<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Issues Affecting Belize|url=https://www.belizeprogressiveparty.org/issues-affecting-belize|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809025149/https://www.belizeprogressiveparty.org/issues-affecting-belize |archive-date=2020-08-09 |access-date=2020-10-27|website=[[Belize Progressive Party]]|language=en}}</ref> |"For Progress! BPP for Belize!" <ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 August 2020|title=Belize Progressive Party-BPP|url=https://www.facebook.com/BelizeProgressiveParty/posts/1642136539267986|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209100341/https://www.facebook.com/BelizeProgressiveParty/posts/1642136539267986 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |access-date=|website=facebook.com}}</ref> |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Belize People's Front}}" | |[[Belize People's Front]] (BPF) |[[Centrism|Centre]] to [[Centre-left politics|centre-left]] |[[Progressivism]] [[Christian democracy]] |Nancy Marin<br />{{small|(October 2013)}} |"Breaking Corruption. Building a Nation."<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Immediate Actions|url=https://belizepeoplesfront.com/about-us/immediate-actions/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814115803/https://belizepeoplesfront.com/about-us/immediate-actions/ |archive-date=2020-08-14 |access-date=2020-10-27|website=[[Belize People's Front]]|language=en-US}}</ref> |"Time fi mek di change" "BELIZE" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Song: "BELIZE" by JayRed - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5OKkpKEKOc|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |} {{Election results |image=[[File:2020 Belize House of Representatives.svg]] |party1=[[People's United Party]]|votes1=88040|seats1=26|sc1=+14 |party2=[[United Democratic Party (Belize)|United Democratic Party]]|votes2=57374|seats2=5|sc2=–14 |party3=[[Belize People's Front]]|votes3=820|seats3=0|sc3=New |party4=[[Belize Progressive Party]]|votes4=548|seats4=0|sc4=0 |party5=[[Independent politician|Independents]]|votes5=924|seats5=0|sc5=0 |total_sc=0 |invalid=1944 |electorate=182815 |source=[https://www.elections.gov.bz/ Elections & Boundaries Department], [http://www.tribtown.com/2020/11/12/ap-lt-belize-elections/ The Tribune] }} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:2020 elections|Belizean]] [[Category:Elections in Belize]] [[Category:General elections]] j7gabqptal9ndej03m1dmvorl4fuvok 10 699121 10882665 7030625 2026-06-09T21:18:25Z Rebeltronic 1558358 updated version 10882665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{LPR |article = macOS |latest release version = 27.0 beta<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.macrumors.com/2026/06/08/apple-releases-ios-27-beta-1/ |title=Apple Releases First iOS 27, iPadOS 27, and macOS 27 Betas to Developers |website=MacRumors |date=June 8, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> (26A5353q) |latest release date = {{Start date and age|2026|06|08}} }}<br/> {{LPR |article = macOS |latest release version = 26.6 beta<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2026/05/26/apple-releases-macos-tahoe-26-6-beta-1/ |title=First macOS Tahoe 26.6 Beta Now Available for Developers |website=[[MacRumors]] |first=Juli |last=Clover |date=May 26, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> (25G5028f)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developer.apple.com/news/releases/?id=05262026c |title=macOS 26.6 beta (25G5028f) - Releases |website=Apple Developer |publisher=Apple |date=May 26, 2026|access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |latest release date = {{Start date and age|2026|05|26}} }} <noinclude> → Back to article "'''[[macOS]]'''" {{Template reference list}} [[Category:Latest preview software release templates|macOS]] </noinclude> eoon03jxvsi6exdq4togp1kf1f4dlmi 10 699126 10882662 7030623 2026-06-09T21:15:39Z Rebeltronic 1558358 updated version 10882662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{LSR |article = macOS |latest release version = 26.5.1<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.macrumors.com/2026/06/01/apple-releases-macos-tahoe-26-5-1/ |title=Apple Releases macOS Tahoe 26.5.1 to Fix Shutdown Issue Affecting Enterprise Users on M5 Macs |work=MacRumors |first=Juli |last=Clover |date=June 1, 2026 |access-date=June 9, 2026}}</ref> |latest release date = {{Start date and age|2026|06|01}} }} <noinclude> → Back to article "'''[[macOS]]'''" {{Template reference list}} [[Category:Latest stable software release templates|macOS]] </noinclude> hf2mriyviov0f7ga4ruwfdot7yu8kum 0 701986 10882985 8557909 2026-06-10T07:15:07Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox historic site | name = Waterford Viking Triangle | native_name = | native_language = | native_name2 = | native_language2 = | native_name3 = | native_language3 = | other_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = Open Street Map of area | locmapin = Ireland | map_relief = yes | map_width = 275 | map_caption = Waterford location in Ireland | coordinates = {{coord|52|15|20|n|007|07|00|w|display=inline,title}} | coord_ref = | gbgridref = | type = | etymology = | location = | nearest_city = [[Waterford]], [[Ireland]] | area = 1 square mile | elevation = | height = | beginning_label = | beginning_date = | formed = | founded = 914 A.D. | founder = Vikings | built = | built_for = | original_use = | demolished = | rebuilt = | restored = | restored_by = | current_use = | architect = | sculptor = | architecture = | visitors_num = | visitors_year = | visitors_ref = | governing_body = | owner = | website = [http://waterfordvikingtriangle.com/ Viking Triangle] | designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }} The '''Waterford Viking Triangle''' is part of in [[Waterford]] City. It is so called because of the 1000-year-old [[Viking]] walls which were around the old city. The most famous building in the triangle is [[Reginald's Tower]] (which contains the Viking Museum). The [[Medieval]] Museum and the Bishop's Palace Museum are also there. The three are called Waterford Museum of Treasures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waterfordtreasures.com/ |title=Waterford Museum of Treasures in Ireland's Oldest City |publisher=Waterford Treasures |access-date=2015-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waterfordcity.ie/documents/notices/Viking%20Triangle.pdf |title=The Viking Triangle: Waterford City Centre |publisher=Waterford City Council |date=March 2011 |access-date=2015-05-18 |archive-date=2015-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519085236/http://www.waterfordcity.ie/documents/notices/Viking%20Triangle.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Sites== ===Reginalds Tower=== [[File:Reginalds Tower 2.jpg|Reginald's Tower|thumb|left|upright]] The best-known building in the Viking Triangle is [[Reginald's Tower]]. It is the oldest civic building (belongs to the city) in [[Ireland]]. It is on The Quay/The Mall. It was used for many things over the years. Today it is the Viking Museum. ===Waterford Crystal=== The Waterford Crystal factory and showroom are on The Mall, just to the south of the Triangle. Guided tours are available for the factory. ===Waterford Treasures=== There are three museums in the Viking Triangle. The Viking Museum is in Reginald's Tower. The Medieval Museum and Bishop's Palace Museum are close to Cathedral Square. [[File:Medieval Museum 2.jpg|thumb|left|Medieval Museum, Waterford]] The Medieval Museum is a new building which also has the 13th-century Choristers’ Hall and the 15th-century Mayor’s Wine Vault. The only piece of clothing from [[Henry VIII]], a cloth cap, is in the museum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishtourist.com/details/medieval-museum-waterford-museum-of-treasures.shtml |title=Medieval Museum |publisher=IrishTourist.com |access-date=2015-05-18 |archive-date=2015-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518182245/http://www.irishtourist.com/details/medieval-museum-waterford-museum-of-treasures.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Bishop's Palace Museum is a 250-year-old [[Georgian era|Georgian]] structure. It has items from 17th century Waterford to the present. {{Clear}} ===French Church=== The French Church (Greyfriars Abbey) is on Bailey's New St./Greyfriars. It is a [[Christian]] [[Friary]] dating from the 13th century. ===Other=== [[File:Viking longship, Waterford.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Viking longship at Reginald's Tower, Waterford]] A replica Viking [[longship]] is beside Reginald's Tower. This boat is {{convert|12|m|ft|abbr=off}} long. It was built by a local boat builder. Cathedral Square is the site of [[Christchurch Cathedral]]. Near there is the [[Theatre]] Royal. On 33 The Mall (close to Waterford Crystal) is the building where Thomas Francis Meagher, a famous Irishman from Waterford, held meetings. Meagher made the Irish [[flag]] in 1848.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/allocation-of-1-9m-to-upgrade-viking-triangle-1.525918|title=Allocation of €1.9m to upgrade Viking Triangle}}Conor Kane, the Irish Times. Retrieved September 4, 2012</ref> This is the flag which is now used for Ireland. {{Clear}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://waterfordvikingtriangle.com/ Viking Triangle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630105742/http://waterfordvikingtriangle.com/ |date=2019-06-30 }} * [http://www.waterfordtreasures.com/ Waterford Treasures Museums] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYTCysm-TPE Viking Triangle tour on YouTube] * [http://www.waterfordvisitorcentre.com/ Waterford Crystal] [[Category:Waterford]] 6aggz57tdh7gn6ydsnnu88enm7ek25w 0 707358 10882510 9970596 2026-06-09T18:31:47Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:TuvyaRuebner 2012.jpg|thumb]] '''Tuvya Ruebner''', also Rübner ({{lang-he|טוביה ריבנר}}; 30 January 1924 – 29 July 2019<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tuvia Ruebner|url=https://www.poetryinternational.com/en/poets-poems/poets/poet/102-21413_Ruebner|access-date=2024-12-26|website=www.poetryinternational.com|language=nl}}</ref>) was an Israeli poet, editor, translator and photographer.<ref name="haaretz">[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/1.4996069 Israel Prize for Literature awarded to Ida Fink, Tuvya Ruebner and Nili Mirsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808094719/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/1.4996069 |date=2019-08-08 }} ''Haaretz'', 26 February 2008</ref> He was born in [[Bratislava]], [[Czechoslovakia]]. He became a member of [[Merhavia (kibbutz)|kibbutz Merhavia]]. For many years he was a schoolteacher and later lectured on literature at [[Haifa University]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ruebner, Tuvya}} [[Category:1924 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Academics of Haifa University]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of Israel]] [[Category:People from Bratislava]] [[Category:Photographers]] [[Category:Israeli poets]] [[Category:Refugees from Nazism]] [[Category:Slovakian Jews]] [[Category:Israeli teachers]] [[Category:Israeli translators]] {{bio-stub}} n1z8rk6cq46dvw7apougiehco5ie9xn 0 707607 10882708 10447482 2026-06-09T22:36:23Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882708 wikitext text/x-wiki <references /> [[Image:Zürich - Universität Zürich IMG 1204.JPG|thumb|250px|University of Zurich]] [[Image:Universität Zürich logo.svg|right|250px]]The '''University of Zurich''' ('''UZH''', {{lang-de|Universität Zürich}}), located in the city of [[Zürich]], is the largest [[university]] in [[Switzerland]], with about 25,000 students. It was founded in 1833 and has seven faculties. == History == === The Beginning === The University of Zurich was founded in 1833 from three existing colleges of law, theology and medicine. It was the first university in Europe to be started by a democratic state and not by a church or royalty.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Illustriertegeschichte des Zuricher Cantonsspitas und der medizinischen Poliklinik|last=Käser|first=Lorenzo|publisher=Quartierverein Fluntern|year=2019}}</ref> It came around 400 years after the University of Basel which started in 1460. Since 1525 there had already been a law, medicine and theology college in Zurich, so when the university began, the college became part of it.<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the UZH |url=https://www.uzh.ch/en/explore/portrait/history.html }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was called the Universitas Turicensis. In the first semester, there were 161 students. Of which, 16 were studying theology, 26 law, 98 medicine and 21 philosophy. There were 26 professors and 29 lecturers. In 1840 the first women were allowed to sit in on lectures at the university. == Campus == The university campus has buildings all over the city of Zürich. The main campuses are in the city centre, Irchelpark and Oerlikon. The construction of the university buildings started in 1973. The campus was inaugurated in 1979. == Museums == There is a Museum of Medical History in the main building of the University. == Academics == University of Zurich and the ETH (Federal Institute for Technology) work together in the fields of bioscience and finance. === Rankings === The ''Times Higher Education'' ranked the University of Zurich 26th place in Europe and 85th worldwide. ''Newsweek'' ranked the university 11th in Europe and 46th worldwide. == Student Life == The University of Zurich has an Academic Sports Association (ASVZ). The ASVZ offers a wide range of classes. The student association (VSUZH) organizes events and works with the university administration. == Canteens == The university has 16 canteens. Students and Staff get a discount when they show their university ID. ‘Obere Mensa’ is the biggest canteen on campus. They have three set menus for lunch every day. You can choose from two meat options or a vegetarian/vegan option. ‘Untere Mensa’ is just a few steps away and offers three other menus. The menus cost can vary in price, from 6CHF to 17CHF depending on what you choose. Both canteens have a large salad and dessert buffet bar. == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|University of Zurich }} * {{official website|www.uzh.ch}} {{Switzerland-stub}} [[Category:1833 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:1830s establishments in Switzerland]] [[Category:Colleges and universities in Switzerland|Zurich]] [[Category:Organizations based in Zürich]] r1vrfb3e9rx70wtvyc73s4ev63nc6ki 0 711824 10882517 10865909 2026-06-09T18:51:55Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political post |post = Prime Minister |body = the Republic of Latvia |nativename = |insignia = Flag of the Prime Minister of Latvia.svg |insigniasize = 125px |insigniacaption = Flag of the Prime Minister of Latvia |image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png |image_upright = 1.0 |incumbent = [[Andris Kulbergs]] |incumbentsince = 28 May 2026 |residence = |member_of = {{Hlist|[[Government of Latvia]]|[[European Council]]|[[Saeima]]}} |appointer = [[President of Latvia]] |termlength = General elections to the [[Saeima]] are held every four years at most. No term limits are imposed on the office. |inaugural = [[Kārlis Ulmanis]] |formation = 19 November 1918 |website = }} The '''prime minister of Latvia''' ({{lang-lv|Ministru prezidents}}) is the most powerful member of the [[Government of Latvia]], and is in charge over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers. The prime minister is nominated by the [[president of Latvia]], but must be able to obtain the support of a majority of the [[Saeima]] (parliament). ==Other websites== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716205440/http://www.mk.gov.lv/en/mp/lr-ex-mp/ Official list from the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers] [[Category:Prime ministers of Latvia|*]] {{Multistub|politics|europe}} 4iswgjuatmymhgfedfsuy66my50706h 0 717727 10883091 9706435 2026-06-10T11:33:40Z Makenzis 687567 10883091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = الاتحاد الرياضي ببنقردان | image = | image_size = 150px | fullname = USBG الاتحاد الرياضي ببنقردان | short name = USBG | nickname = | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1936|03|1|p=y|br=y}} | ground = [[Stade du 7 Mars]] | capacity = 10,000 | owner = | chairman = {{flagicon|TUN}} Jlidi El Orf | manager = {{flagicon|TUN}} Ramzi Jarmoud | league = [[Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1|CLP-1]] | season = 2025–26 | position = CLP-1, 10th | kit_alt1 = | pattern_la1 = _black_stripes | pattern_b1 = _blackstripes | pattern_ra1 = _black_stripes | leftarm1 = FFFF00 | body1 = FFFF00 | rightarm1 = FFFF00 | shorts1 = 0a0a0a | socks1 = FFFF00 | kit_alt2 = | pattern_la2 = _blackshoulders | pattern_b2 = _chelsea_away | pattern_ra2 = _blackshoulders | leftarm2 = FFFFFF | body2 = FFFFFF | rightarm2 = FFFFFF | shorts2 = FFFFFF | socks2 = FFFF00 | kit_alt3 = | pattern_la3 = _blackshoulders | pattern_b3 = _chelsea_away | pattern_ra3 = _blackshoulders | leftarm3 = FFFF00 | body3 = FFFF00 | rightarm3 = FFFF00 | shorts3 = FFFF00 | socks3 = }} '''Union Sportive de Ben Guerdane''' ({{lang-ar|'''الاتحاد الرياضي ببنقردان'''}}) or '''USBG''' , is a Tunisian football club, based in the city of [[Ben Guerdane]] in southeast [[Tunisia]]. Founded in 17 July 1936, the team plays in yellow and black colors. Their ground is [[Stade du 7 Mars]], which has a capacity of 10,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/teams/tunisia/union-sportive-de-ben-guerdane/11640/|title=Tunisia - Union Sportive de Ben Guerdane - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway|website=int.soccerway.com|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref> He managed to reach for the first time in its history in [[Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1|Tunisian Professional League 1]] during the season 2015. The club is chaired in 2016 by Mehdi Dbouba with which the team took a new dimension both on the national and continental level. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:20th-century establishments in Tunisia]] [[Category:1930s establishments in Africa]] [[Category:1936 establishments]] [[Category:Football in Tunisia]] [[Category:African football clubs]] {{Sport-stub}} 9ywvgsk5g4b9pp2w4yes860fbd8vllr 0 725772 10882595 10803959 2026-06-09T20:05:36Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in 2019. | other_names = JuiceTheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = December 8, 2019 (aged 21) | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Drug overdose | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery, Illinois | education = [[Homewood-Flossmoor High School]] | partner = {{ubl|Alexia Smith (2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Starfire Is Juice Wrld's Ex-Girlfriend — And She's 'Not Okay' After The Rapper's Untimely Death|date=December 10, 2019|url=https://www.yourtango.com/2019330267/who-starfire-juice-wrld-ex-girlfriend|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212522/https://www.yourtango.com/2019330267/who-starfire-juice-wrld-ex-girlfriend|url-status=live}}</ref>|Ally Lotti (2018–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Bpv9OKYFJQx/|title=ally lotti's Instagram profile post|date=November 4, 2018|website=Instagram|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916153832/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/p/Bpv9OKYFJQx/|archive-date=September 16, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref>{{efn|Until Higgins' death. Real name Alicia Leon.}}}} | website = {{URL|juicewrld999.com/}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (second cousin) | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[trap music|trap]]|[[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[alternative hip hop]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date= March 24, 2023 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date= July 2, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date= June 23, 2018 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date= July 2, 2023 |archive-date= July 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]}} }} }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (December 2, 1998 - December 8, 2019) was an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He was professionally known as '''Juice Wrld''' (stylised as '''Juice WRLD''') He was born in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. His most popular songs are ''All Girls Are the Same'' and ''[[Lucid Dreams (song)|Lucid Dreams]]'' that he worked on with Sami Alaido. With the success of these songs, he signed [[Recording studio|recording and Record label]] Contracts with [[Interscope Records]] and [[Lil Bibby| Grade A Productions]]. == Death == On December 8, 2019, Juice Wrld died at [[Midway International Airport]] in Chicago at the age of 21. Higgins allegedly [[Swallowing|swallowed]] many [[Percocet]] pills. He reportedly had a [[seizure]] from [[opioid]] [[overdose]].<ref>{{cite news | last = Sobol | first = Rosemary | date = December 9, 2019 | title = Federal Agents and Chicago Police were Confiscating Drugs and Guns from Luggage when Rapper Juice Wrld Suffered Seizure at Midway, Officials Say | url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-juice-wrld-guards-arrested-20191209-sfhqe3cns5hsffhxskrhqfagl4-story.html | work = Chicago Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/12/8/21001244/chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-dead-midway-airport-seizure|title=Chicago rapper Juice WRLD dead after 'medical emergency' at Midway Airport: reports|last=Kelly|first=Sam|date=December 8, 2019|website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|language=en|access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref> ==Discography== '''Solo studio albums''' * ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018) * ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019) * ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020) * ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021) * ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024) '''Collaborative mixtapes''' * ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (with [[Future (rapper)|Future]]) (2018) ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} * {{IMDb name|9954423|Juice WRLD}} * {{Instagram|juiceworld999}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juice Wrld}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths from seizure]] [[Category:Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States]] [[Category:Disease-related deaths in Chicago]] [[Category:Rappers from Chicago]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American singer-songwriters]] [[Category:21st-century singers]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:Alternative rock]] [[Category:American composers]] [[Category:American hip hop singers]] [[Category:American pop singers]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from Chicago]] [[Category:Drug-related suicides]] [[Category:Interscope Records artists]] [[Category:American pop rappers]] [[Category:Stage names]] [[Category:American trap musicians]] {{authority control}} {{US-biography-stub}} 4fd4zi4dcmqf2r99pvbc13f3rhsndtc 10882596 10882595 2026-06-09T20:05:50Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:Disease-related deaths in Chicago]]; added [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Juice Wrld | image = Juice WRLD - Les Ardentes 2019 (cropped).jpg | caption = Juice Wrld performing in 2019. | other_names = JuiceTheKidd | birth_name = Jarad Anthony Higgins | birth_date = {{Birth date|1998|12|02}} | birth_place = [[Chicago]], Illinois, U.S. | death_date = December 8, 2019 (aged 21) | death_place = [[Oak Lawn, Illinois]], U.S. | death_cause = Drug overdose | resting_place = Beverly Cemetery, Illinois | education = [[Homewood-Flossmoor High School]] | partner = {{ubl|Alexia Smith (2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Starfire Is Juice Wrld's Ex-Girlfriend — And She's 'Not Okay' After The Rapper's Untimely Death|date=December 10, 2019|url=https://www.yourtango.com/2019330267/who-starfire-juice-wrld-ex-girlfriend|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-date=June 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212522/https://www.yourtango.com/2019330267/who-starfire-juice-wrld-ex-girlfriend|url-status=live}}</ref>|Ally Lotti (2018–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Bpv9OKYFJQx/|title=ally lotti's Instagram profile post|date=November 4, 2018|website=Instagram|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916153832/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=/p/Bpv9OKYFJQx/|archive-date=September 16, 2020|access-date=April 23, 2020}}</ref>{{efn|Until Higgins' death. Real name Alicia Leon.}}}} | website = {{URL|juicewrld999.com/}} | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|singer|songwriter}} | years_active = 2015–2019 | relatives = [[Young Dolph]] (second cousin) | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | origin = [[Homewood, Illinois]], U.S. | genre = {{hlist|[[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]|[[emo rap]]|[[trap music|trap]]|[[SoundCloud|SoundCloud rap]]|[[alternative rock]]|[[pop rap]]|[[alternative hip hop]]<ref>{{cite magazine |first1= Preezy |last1= Brown |first2= Armon |last2= Sadler |date= March 24, 2023 |title= Hit-Boy, 03 Greedo, Jae Skeese, Juice WRLD, Lola Brook, And More New Music Friday Rap Releases |magazine= [[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |url= https://www.vibe.com/music/reviews/new-music-friday-hit-boy-03-greedo-jae-skeese-juice-wrld-1234744664/ |access-date= July 2, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date= June 23, 2018 |title= Up and Coming Emo Rapper From Chicago, Juice Wrld, Starts to Dominate Charts |website= NewRockStars |url= https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |access-date= July 2, 2023 |archive-date= July 2, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230702235019/https://newrockstars.com/up-coming-chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-starts-to-dominate-charts/ |url-status= dead }}</ref>}} | label = {{hlist|[[Grade A Productions|Grade&nbsp;A]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]}} }} }} '''Jarad Anthony Higgins''' (December 2, 1998 - December 8, 2019) was an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. He was professionally known as '''Juice Wrld''' (stylised as '''Juice WRLD''') He was born in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. His most popular songs are ''All Girls Are the Same'' and ''[[Lucid Dreams (song)|Lucid Dreams]]'' that he worked on with Sami Alaido. With the success of these songs, he signed [[Recording studio|recording and Record label]] Contracts with [[Interscope Records]] and [[Lil Bibby| Grade A Productions]]. == Death == On December 8, 2019, Juice Wrld died at [[Midway International Airport]] in Chicago at the age of 21. Higgins allegedly [[Swallowing|swallowed]] many [[Percocet]] pills. He reportedly had a [[seizure]] from [[opioid]] [[overdose]].<ref>{{cite news | last = Sobol | first = Rosemary | date = December 9, 2019 | title = Federal Agents and Chicago Police were Confiscating Drugs and Guns from Luggage when Rapper Juice Wrld Suffered Seizure at Midway, Officials Say | url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-juice-wrld-guards-arrested-20191209-sfhqe3cns5hsffhxskrhqfagl4-story.html | work = Chicago Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/12/8/21001244/chicago-rapper-juice-wrld-dead-midway-airport-seizure|title=Chicago rapper Juice WRLD dead after 'medical emergency' at Midway Airport: reports|last=Kelly|first=Sam|date=December 8, 2019|website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|language=en|access-date=December 8, 2019}}</ref> ==Discography== '''Solo studio albums''' * ''[[Goodbye & Good Riddance]]'' (2018) * ''[[Death Race for Love]]'' (2019) * ''[[Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)|Legends Never Die]]'' (2020) * ''[[Fighting Demons]]'' (2021) * ''[[The Party Never Ends]]'' (2024) '''Collaborative mixtapes''' * ''[[Wrld on Drugs]]'' (with [[Future (rapper)|Future]]) (2018) ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commons category}} * {{IMDb name|9954423|Juice WRLD}} * {{Instagram|juiceworld999}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Juice Wrld}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:2019 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths from seizure]] [[Category:Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States]] [[Category:Accidental deaths in Illinois]] [[Category:Rappers from Chicago]] [[Category:21st-century American rappers]] [[Category:21st-century American singer-songwriters]] [[Category:21st-century singers]] [[Category:African-American rappers]] [[Category:Alternative rock]] [[Category:American composers]] [[Category:American hip hop singers]] [[Category:American pop singers]] [[Category:American record producers]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from Chicago]] [[Category:Drug-related suicides]] [[Category:Interscope Records artists]] [[Category:American pop rappers]] [[Category:Stage names]] [[Category:American trap musicians]] {{authority control}} {{US-biography-stub}} j4jv06ztljg3fr6ffkoqq8ir7ezp4ji 0 729074 10882294 9039139 2026-06-09T12:49:25Z Needsmoreritalin 883676 Changed main image to an extremely large and detailed image. 10882294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox | name = Hooded crow | image = Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) City Park, Skopje, North Macedonia.jpg | image_caption = A hooded crow | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN2017>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Corvus corone'' | volume = 2017 | page = e.T22706016A118784397 | date = 2017 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22706016A118784397.en }}</ref> | genus = Corvus | species = cornix | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | range_map = Hooded crow map2.jpg }} [[File:Clamator glandarius MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.152.2.jpg|thumb|''Clamator glandarius'' + ''Corvus cornix'']] The '''hooded crow''' (''Corvus cornix'') (also called '''hoodie<ref>Greenoak, F. (1979). ''All the birds of the air; the names, lore and literature of British birds.'' Book Club Associates, London.</ref>''') is a type of [[crow]] found in north, east and south [[Europe]], it is also found in the [[Middle East]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08wn2jh|title=John McPherson on the Hooded Crow|work=BBC Radio 4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/two-species-of-crow-are-evolving-before-our-eyes-in-europe|title=two species of crow are evolving before our eyes in Europe|date=29 March 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/local-news/anglesey-hoodies-mcdonalds-holyhead-crow-15745445|title=Anglesey Hoodies scavenge for McDonalds leftovers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jan/08/loch-broom-field-flock-crows|title=The field held about 30 hooded crows and they seemed unusually tame|work=The Guardian}}</ref> == Conservation status == This crow's [[conservation status]] is [[least concern]], this means that this bird is safe and not in any danger of becoming [[Extinction|extinct]]. == References == {{reflist}} [[File:Kråka (Corvus corone) - Ystad-2023.jpg|thumb|left|Hooded crow is a typical [[omnivore]].]] {{Commonscat|Corvus cornix}} {{biology-stub}} [[Category:Corvids]] [[Category:Birds of Europe]] [[Category:Birds of Asia]] 4nbsbkyew1h9a983fh6ggh44gkucw4x 0 736270 10882850 10473325 2026-06-10T02:21:15Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Viktor Tsoi | native_name = {{small|Виктор Цой}} | image = Victor Tsoi 1986.jpg | alt = | caption = Viktor Tsoi in 1986 | birth_name = Viktor Robertovich Tsoi | birth_date = {{birth date|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|8|15|1962|6|21|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union | death_cause = Car crash | resting_place = Bogoslovskoye Cemetery, Saint Petersburg | occupation = {{Flatlist| * Singer * songwriter * composer * actor }} | years_active = 1978–1990 | spouse = {{Plainlist| * {{Marriage|Marianna Tsoi|1985<!--Omission per template instructions-->}} }} | children = 1 | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | background = solo_singer <!-- mandatory format: please do not change or remove --> | instrument = {{flatlist| * Vocals * guitar * bass guitar }} | genre = {{Flatlist| * [[Post-punk]] * [[New wave music|new wave]] * [[gothic rock]] * [[punk rock]] }} | label = {{Flatlist| * AnTrop * [[Melodiya]] }} | associated_acts = {{Flatlist| * [[Kino (band)|Kino]] * [[Avtomaticheskie udovletvoriteli]] * [[Sergey Kuryokhin]] }} }} }} '''Viktor Robertovich Tsoi''' ({{lang-ru|Ви́ктор Ро́бертович Цой}}; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a Soviet singer and songwriter. He co-founded [[Kino (band)|Kino]], one of the most popular bands in the [[Soviet Union]] at the time.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Виктор Цой И Группа Кино скачать все песни в формате mp3 и слушать онлайн|url=https://mufm.me/artist/viktor-coj-i-gruppa-kino-roxpyv|access-date=2022-03-03|website=mufm.me}}</ref> == Life == Tsoi was born and raised in [[Saint Petersburg|Leningrad]] and started writing songs when he was a teenager.<ref>[http://lichnosti.net/people_60.html Viktor Tsoi's biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116203318/http://lichnosti.net/people_60.html |date=2008-01-16 }} at the website lichnosti.net</ref> He made lots of music, ten albums in total. After Kino was in the 1987 Soviet film ''Assa'', he became very popular. That led to Tsoi having a leading role in the [[Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] new wave [[art film]] ''The Needle''.<ref name="rockcult.ru">{{Cite web|url = http://rockcult.ru/viktor-coj-v-25-faktah-o-nem/|title = Виктор Цой в 25 фактах о нем – Rock Cult|website = Rock Cult|language = ru-RU|access-date = 2016-03-09}}</ref> [[File:Russia stamp V.Tsoi 1999 2r.jpg|thumb|left|Russian stamp devoted to Viktor Tsoi, 1999]] In 1990, after their large concert at the [[Luzhniki Stadium]]. Tsoi moved to Latvia with another member of Kino, Yuri Kasparyan to work on Kino's next album. Two months after the concert in the Luzhniki Stadium, Tsoi died in a car crash.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rigathisweek.lv/event/cultural_agenda/heavy/cabaret-band-silver-wedding-bellorussia/381|title=Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/|website=Cabaret Band Silver Wedding /Bellorussia/ - Riga This Week|access-date=8 June 2019|archive-date=2 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202102745/http://www.rigathisweek.lv/event/cultural_agenda/heavy/cabaret-band-silver-wedding-bellorussia/381|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatchbox.net/index.php/2013/07/14/retour-en-urss-gloire-du-soviet-rock-et-de-viktor-tsoi/|title=Retour en URSS : gloire du Soviet Rock et de Viktor Tsoï|date=14 July 2013|website=Dispatchbox.net|access-date=8 June 2019}}</ref> Tsoi and his music are still widely popular.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/art_living/20120621/174155307.html |title=Soviet Rock Idol Tsoi Celebrated in Google Doodle |website=En.rian.ru |date=2012-06-21 |access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday |title=Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday |website=Google.com|date=2012-06-21| access-date=2015-03-26}}</ref><ref name="UTSD-2014-02-10">{{cite news |url= http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2014/feb/10/olympics-speed-skating-Viktor-Ahn/ |title= Viktor Ahn: For Russia, with love |author= Mark Zeigler |date= 10 February 2014 |website=Utsandiego.com}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} <br> ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|0875129}} * [https://www.google.com/doodles/viktor-tsois-50th-birthday Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday] Google Doodle {{DEFAULTSORT:Tsoi, Viktor}} [[Category:1962 births]] [[Category:1990 deaths]] [[Category:Musicians by genre]] [[Category:Rock musicians]] [[Category:Soviet musicians]] [[Category:Korean musicians]] [[Category:Russian musicians]] {{bio-stub}} e2ovbcpppjt6ml8fk0l20xb43w44ya6 0 747946 10883012 10247865 2026-06-10T09:23:45Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10883012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|the college in Dhaka||Notre Dame}} {{Infobox university | name = Notre Dame College, Dhaka | native_name = নটর ডেম কলেজ, ঢাকা | native_name_lang = bn | image = Father timm bhaban.jpg | motto = ''Diligite Lumen Sapientiae'' | motto_lang = la | mottoeng = ''Love the light of wisdom'' | established = {{start date|1949}} | former_name = St. Gregory's College | type = Higher secondary school, university-affiliated college | principal = Fr. [[Hemonto Pius Rozario]] CSC (2012–present)<ref name="New Principal Appointed in Notre Dame College">{{cite news | title=নটর ডেম কলেজের নতুন অধ্যক্ষ নিয়োগ | trans-title=New Principal Appointed in Notre Dame College | url=https://www.dailysangram.com/post/103806-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97 | lang=bn | date=13 December 2012 | access-date=14 August 2020 | newspaper=Daily Sangram | archive-date=16 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716084422/https://www.dailysangram.com/post/103806-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | head_label = Vice-principal | head = Leonard Sankar Rozario | city = [[Dhaka]] | country = [[Bangladesh]] | students = 6400 ({{as of|2019}}) | campus = Urban | logo = | logo_size = 150px | website = {{URL|https://notredamecollege-dhaka.com/}} | religious_affiliation=[[Catholic Church]] ([[Congregation of Holy Cross]]) | affiliations = {{plainlist| * [[Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka]] * [[National University, Bangladesh]] }} | nickname = NDC }} [[File:Lumen Sapientiae.webm|thumbtime=1:07|thumb|A cinematography featuring Notre Dame College, Dhaka]] '''Notre Dame College, Dhaka''' ({{lang-bn|নটর ডেম কলেজ, ঢাকা}}) is a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] higher secondary school{{Efn|In the [[Indian subcontinent]], as in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], higher secondary schools comprising the [[Eleventh grade|11th]] and [[Twelfth grade|12th]] years of education are often referred to as colleges}} as well as a degree college, in [[Dhaka]]. A society of priests named [[Congregation of Holy Cross]] started it in 1949.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Notre_Dame_College,_Dhaka|title=Notre Dame College, Dhaka - Banglapedia|website=en.banglapedia.org|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> According to the result of HSC exam, it is one of the best colleges of [[Bangladesh]]. Every year 3290 students get the opportunity to enroll and study here. ==History== Notre Dame College was first established at Luxmibazar of [[Old Dhaka]] in November, 1949 with the name "St. Gregory College". In 1954-55, the [[institution]] moved to Arambagh, [[Motijheel]] with the present name – "Notre Dame", referring to [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] or Maryam, mother of [[Jesus]] Christ.<ref name="Guide">{{cite book | script-title=bn:নবীনবরণ ও ছাত্র-অভিভাবক নির্দেশিকা |language=bn | publisher=Notre Dame College | year=2014 | page=20}}</ref><ref name="Notre Dame College (Dhaka)">{{cite web | title=Notre Dame College (Dhaka) | url=http://www.bdquery.com/details.php?c=1652|access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> == Campus == === Buildings === {| class="wikitable"; ! Name ! Picture ! Built ! Description |- | Father Harrington Building | [[File:Harrington Building at NDC.JPG|150px]] | 1955 | It is a 3-story building. [[Valerian Gracias]] (Cardinal of Bombay) laid its foundation stone on 17 January 1954. |- | Father Martin Building | [[File:মার্টিন হল.jpg|150px]] | 1960 | It is a 4-story residential building. There is an auditorium on its ground floor. |- | Mathis House | [[file:Teacher's Quarter NDC Dhaka by Mayeenul Islam.jpg|150px]] | 1964 | It was built as a house for the priests in 1964. In 1972, Christo Dorshan Seminary was established here.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seminary and Novitiates of Dhaka|url=https://www.cbcbsec.org/diocese/Dhaka/Seminary%20and%20Novitiates|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Catholic Bishops' Conference of Bangladesh|archive-date=2020-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223071846/http://www.cbcbsec.org/diocese/Dhaka/Seminary%20and%20Novitiates|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Archbishop Ganguli Building | [[file:Ganguly Building at NDC.JPG|150px]] | 1997 | It is a 6 stored academic building. |- | Father Timm Building | [[file:Father Timm Bhaban at Notre Dame College, Dhaka.jpg|150px]] | 2016 | It is a 6-story academic building. |- | Father Peixotto Building | [[File:Peixotto Building, NDC.jpg|150px]] | 2019 | It is a 6-story building. Its ground floor is used as a canteen. |} == Administration == The college is administered by a governing body, led by the [[Archbishop of Dhaka]]. === Principal === The college's principal is always a [[priest]] of the [[Congregation of Holy Cross]]. The first principal was Father John J. Harrington and the current principal is Father Hemanto Pius Rozario. Since its establishment, ten priests have served as the principal of the college: # John J. Harrington<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ingenweb.org/instjoseph/obits/h/harringtonrevjohnj.htm |first=Dan |last=Rich |title=Rev. John J. Harrington CSC|website=ingenweb.org|access-date=2020-12-03}}</ref> (1949—1954) # James L. Martin (1954—1960) # [[Theotonius Amal Ganguly]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/nagorik-sangbad/article/1640516/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%8F |title=নটর ডেম কলেজের প্রথম বাংলাদেশি অধ্যক্ষ টি এ গাঙ্গুলীর গল্প|website=[[Prothom Alo]]|language=bn|access-date=2020-12-03}}</ref> (March 1960—October 1960) # William Graham (1960—1967) # John Vanden Bossche<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holycrossusa.org/obituaries/rev-john-v-vandenbossche-csc/|title=Rev. John V. VandenBossche, C.S.C.|date=2014-11-09|website=Holy Cross USA|access-date=2020-12-03|archive-date=2020-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708181142/https://www.holycrossusa.org/obituaries/rev-john-v-vandenbossche-csc/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (1967—1969) # [[Richard William Timm]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rmaward.asia/awardees/timm-richard-william/ |title=Timm, Richard William |website=Ramon Magsaysay Award |access-date=4 December 2020}}</ref> (1970—1971) # Ambrose Wheeler (1971—1976) # Joseph S. Peixotto (1976—1998) # Benjamin Costa (1998—2012) # Hemanto Pius Rozario<ref name="New Principal Appointed in Notre Dame College"/> (2012—present) == Notes == {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://notredamecollege-dhaka.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605193354/https://notredamecollege-dhaka.com/ |date=2020-06-05 }} * [https://ndscbd.org Notre Dame Science Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327173034/https://ndscbd.org/ |date=2020-03-27 }} * [http://ndiurc.weebly.com/ Notre Dame International Understanding and Relation Club] * [https://ndrc-bd.weebly.com/ Rotaract Club of Notre Dame College] * [https://nditc.org Notre Dame IT Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327141633/https://nditc.org/ |date=2020-03-27 }} [[Category:Colleges and universities in Dhaka]] [[Category:20th-century establishments in Bangladesh]] [[Category:1949 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Colleges in Dhaka District]] [[Church of Bangladesh]] s22ry2gqfwaip115swirvgi2xmq6gix 0 748618 10882415 9677296 2026-06-09T15:52:01Z ~2026-34135-61 1819155 10882415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lou Gramm 1979 8x10.jpg|thumb|200px|Gramm in 1979]] '''Lou Gramm''' (born '''Louis Andrew Grammatico'''; May 2, 1950) is an [[Americans|American]] [[rock music|rock]] singer-songwriter. He is best known for being the original lead singer of the British-American rock band [[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]. He performed the main vocals of all of Foreigner's charted songs during the 1970s and 80s, including "[[Feels Like the First Time]]", "[[Cold as Ice]]", "[[Hot Blooded]]", "[[Dirty White Boy (song)|Dirty White Boy]]", "[[Urgent (song)|Urgent]]", "[[Juke Box Hero]]", "[[Waiting for a Girl Like You]]", "[[Break It Up (Foreigner song)|Break It Up]]", "[[I Want to Know What Love Is]]", "[[That Was Yesterday (Foreigner song)|That Was Yesterday]]", "[[Say You Will (Foreigner song)|Say You Will]]" and "[[I Don't Want to Live Without You]]". Gramm was born in [[Rochester, New York]]. He has five children. {{fact|date=March 2024}}..<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ackerman, McCarton|url=https://www.thefix.com/content/foreigners-lou-gramm-drug-addiction91654|title=Foreigner Frontman Is Born Again Sober|date=May 16, 2013|work=The Fix|access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> ==Discography== ;Studio albums * ''[[Ready or Not]]'' (1987) * ''Long Hard Look'' (1989) * ''Released'' (2026) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat}} * {{Official website}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gramm, Lou}} [[Category:1950 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Atlantic Records artists]] [[Category:American Christians]] [[Category:American rock singers]] [[Category:People from Rochester, New York]] [[Category:Singer-songwriters from New York (state)]] {{US-bio-stub}} 19yqyqjkp2gyojmbkerpwna9fqvnaze 0 754422 10883057 10880560 2026-06-10T10:20:50Z HarleyEditing 1251779 Offical link for Pop Culture 10883057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Madeon | image = Madeon (color corrected).png | caption = Madeon in 2015 | background = non_vocal_instrumentalist | birth_name = Hugo Pierre Leclercq | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|5|30}} | birth_place = [[Nantes]], [[France]] | origin = | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Electropop]] * [[House music|house]] * [[nu-disco]] }} | occupation = {{flatlist| * DJ * music producer }} | years_active = 2005–present | label = {{flatlist| * Popculture * [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] * [[Sony Music|Sony]] * [[Universal Music|Universal]] }} | associated_acts = | website = {{URL|madeon.net}} | notable_instruments = }} '''Hugo Pierre Leclercq''' (born 30 May 1994), better known by his stage name '''Madeon''', is a [[France|French]] DJ and music producer from [[Nantes]], [[Brittany]] who is currently based in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States]]. Leclercq initially came to widespread public attention through a video he uploaded to [[YouTube]], "[[Pop Culture]]", where he performed a mash-up of 39 different popular songs in real-time using a [[Novation Digital Music Systems#Key products|Novation Launchpad]]. The video received millions of views in its first few days of release. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Madeon, l'électro kid|language=fr|work=liberation.fr|url=http://next.liberation.fr/musique/01012369420-madeon-l-electro-kid|access-date=2026-06-06}}</ref> His first EP, ''[[The City (EP)|The City]]'', was released in 2012. His debut studio album, [[Adventure (Madeon album)|Adventure]], was released in 2015, supported by a 22-stop North American tour. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-10|title=Madeon Announces Spring North American Headlining Tour Supporting 'Adventure'|url=https://www.musictimes.com/articles/28106/20150210/madeon-spring-north-american-headlining-tour-adventure-coachella.htm|access-date=2026-06-06|website=Music Times|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2019, he released his second album, [[Good Faith (Madeon album)|Good Faith]], as part of the Good Faith Live tour. ==Discography== * ''[[Adventure (Madeon album)|Adventure]]'' (2015) *[[Good Faith (Madeon album)|''Good Faith'']] (2019) *Victory (2026) {{bio-stub}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Nantes]] [[Category:French singer-songwriters]] [[Category:French DJs]] bdnylzv06gdt9qil6wl4udm27bee538 0 763540 10882640 10813395 2026-06-09T20:56:57Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox television | genre = {{unbulleted list|[[Adventure]]|[[Television comedy|Comedy]]|[[Family]]|[[Fantasy]]|[[Musical film|Musical]]|[[Science fiction]]|[[Action film|Action]]}} | based_on = {{based on|''[[The Lego Movie]]''|[[Phil Lord and Christopher Miller]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.time.com/2014/02/20/how-the-lego-movie-was-made-animation-video/|title=Here's How the Animators Made The Lego Movie: Watch|author=Diane Tsai|date=20 February 2014|access-date=29 May 2018|via=entertainment.time.com|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128073225/https://entertainment.time.com/2014/02/20/how-the-lego-movie-was-made-animation-video/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | developer = {{unbulleted list|[[Ed Skudder]]|[[Lynn Wang]]}} | voices = {{unbulleted list|[[Tara Strong]]|[[Grey DeLisle|Grey Griffin]]|[[Kate Micucci]]|[[Roger Craig Smith]]|[[Eric Bauza]]|H. Michael Croner}} | theme_music_composer = [[Babymetal]] | opentheme = "Unikitty Theme" | composer = [[Nick Keller]] | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3<!--Would change when a new season begins--> | num_episodes = 104 | list_episodes = List of Unikitty! episodes | executive_producer = {{unbulleted list|[[Dan Lin]]|Phil Lord|Christopher Miller|[[Roy Lee]]|Jill Wilfert|[[Sam Register]]|Jeff Prezenkowski}} | producer = {{unbulleted list|Ed Skudder|Lynn Wang|[[Aaron Horvath]] {{small|(supervising producer)}}|Tony Salama {{small|(line producer)}}|[[Ben Gruber]]}} | director = {{unbulleted list|[[Casey Alexander (cartoonist)|Casey Alexander]]|Brock Gallagher|Adriel Garcia|Neil Graf|Careen Ingle|[[William Reiss|Bill Reiss]]|}} | editor = {{unbulleted list|Molly Yahr|Ryan Samsam}} | runtime = 11 minutes | company = {{unbulleted list|[[The Lego Group]]|[[Warner Bros. Animation]]}} | channel = [[Cartoon Network]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2017|10|27}} | last_aired = {{Start date|2020|8|27}} | image = Unikitty! (Print).svg }} '''''Unikitty!''''' (stylised as '''''UniKitty!''''') is an American animated television series produced by [[The Lego Group]] and [[Warner Bros. Animation]] for [[Cartoon Network]]. ==List of characters== * [[Princess Unikitty]] (voiced by [[Tara Strong]]) * Prince Puppycorn (voiced by [[Grey DeLisle]]) * Dr. Fox (voiced by [[Kate Micucci]]) * Hawkodile (voiced by [[Roger Craig Smith]]) * Richard (voiced by [[Roger Craig Smith]]) * Master Frown (voiced by Eric Bauza) * Brock (voiced by H. Michael Croner) ==References== <references /> ==Other websites== *{{IMDb title|tt6874502}} *{{Official website|https://www.lego.com/en-my/themes/unikitty}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2010s American animated action television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated adventure television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated comedy television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated fantasy television series]] [[Category:2010s American animated musical television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's action television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's adventure television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's comedy television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's fantasy television series]] [[Category:2010s American children's musical television series]] [[Category:2017 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2020s American animated action television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated adventure television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated comedy television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated fantasy television series]] [[Category:2020s American animated musical television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's action television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's adventure television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's comedy television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's fantasy television series]] [[Category:2020s American children's musical television series]] [[Category:2020 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American animated television spinoffs]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated comedy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated musical television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American flash animated television series]] [[Category:American television series with live action and animation]] [[Category:Animated television series about cats]] [[Category:Animated television series about children]] [[Category:Animated television series about siblings]] [[Category:Animated television series based on movies]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:The Lego Movie (franchise)]] [[Category:Television about unicorns]] [[Category:Lego television series]] 2vxt2ohuzvhifmqw3a8uae16pzzg0fl 0 765634 10882718 10878403 2026-06-09T22:44:58Z ~2026-33944-11 1819354 adding more history about him 10882718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = MrBeast | image = MrBeast 2023.jpg | caption = MrBeast in 2023 | birth_name = James<!-- Please do not change to Jimmy --> Stephen Donaldson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|5|7}} | birth_place = [[Wichita, Kansas]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Jimmy Donaldson|MrBeast6000}} | origin = [[Greenville, North Carolina]], U.S.<ref>[https://www.wnct.com/local-news/youtube-star-greenvilles-own-mrbeast-rethinks-old-notions-of-philanthropy/ YouTube star, Greenville's own MrBeast rethinks old notions of philanthropy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718133714/https://www.wnct.com/local-news/youtube-star-greenvilles-own-mrbeast-rethinks-old-notions-of-philanthropy/ |date=July 18, 2022 }}. ''Wnct.com''. Retrieved July 18, 2022.</ref> | education = Greenville Christian Academy | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[YouTuber]] * [[Businessperson|businessman]] * [[Philanthropy|philanthropist]] }} | partners = {{plainlist| * Maddy Spidell (2019–2022) * Thea Booysen (2022–present)}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Cheong |first=Charissa |title=Everything we know about MrBeast's rumored relationship with a Twitch streamer who says she met him 'by accident' |url=https://www.insider.com/mrbeast-thea-booysen-timeline-rumored-relationship-2022-12 |website=Insider |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mussen |first=Maddy |title=MrBeast: the YouTuber on track to become a billionaire |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/mrbeast-youtube-net-worth-bio-studio-friend-chris-tyson-girlfriend-b1074966.html |access-date=2 August 2023 |work=Evening Standard |date=29 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804195557/https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/mrbeast-youtube-net-worth-bio-studio-friend-chris-tyson-girlfriend-b1074966.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | channel_direct_url = MrBeast6000 | channel_display_name = MrBeast | years_active = 2012–present | genre = {{flatlist| * Challenge * [[vlog]]2 * [[Gameplay|gaming]] * [[Reaction video|react]]}} | subscribers = {{Plainlist| * 484 million (main channel) * {{Rounddown|{{Sum|484|56.4|36.7|57.6|29.6}}}} million (combined){{efn|Only the 5 main channels are included: MrBeast, MrBeast Gaming, Beast Reacts, MrBeast 2 (formerly MrBeast Shorts) and Beast Philanthropy.}} }} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE WITHOUT UPDATING stats_update BELOW --> | views = {{Plainlist| * 121 billion (main channel) * {{Rounddown|{{Sum|121.287.568.028|10.829.438.233|6.824.138.288|10.536.033.895|1.291.923.057}}}} billion (combined) }} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE WITHOUT UPDATING stats_update BELOW --> | stats_update = May 10, 2026 | associated_acts = <!-- Do not add creators not mentioned in the body of the article. See WP:INFOBOX --> {{flatlist| * [[Karl Jacobs]] * [[PewDiePie]] * [[Marques Brownlee]] * [[Jay Leno]] * [[Mark Rober]] * [[Gordon Ramsay]] * [[Airrack]] }} | silver_button = yes | silver_year = 2016<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Jimmy |date=July 8, 2016 |title=100,000 SUBSCRIBERS.EXE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5J6-5g2alp8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/5J6-5g2alp8 |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2019 |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | gold_button = yes | gold_year = 2017<ref name="mrbeastbuttons">{{Cite web |title=MrBeast's YouTube stats |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/mrbeast6000/monthly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727105110/https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/mrbeast6000/monthly |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Social Blade}}</ref> | diamond_button = yes | diamond_year = 2018<ref name="mrbeastbuttons" /> | ruby_button = yes | ruby_year = 2021 | red_diamond_button = yes | red_diamond_year = 2022 | amber_diamond_button = yes | amber_diamond_year = 2023 | emerald_diamond_button = yes | emerald_diamond_year = 2024 | sapphire_diamond_button = yes | sapphire_diamond_year = 2025 | signature = MrBeast signature.svg | signature_size = 80px | website = {{URL|https://mrbeast.store}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename= Mr Beast.ogg|title=Jimmy Donaldson's voice|type=speech|description=At the [[2022 Kids' Choice Awards]]<br/>Recorded April 2022}} }} '''James Stephen''' "'''Jimmy'''" '''Donaldson'''{{Efn|Sources conflict on the spelling of Donaldson's middle name. Some spell it "Steven",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karl |first=Chris |date=2021-11-30 |title=How MrBeast's Squid Game Was Made Revealed In BTS Video |url=https://screenrant.com/mr-beast-squid-game-show-making-bts-video/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530184735/https://screenrant.com/mr-beast-squid-game-show-making-bts-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Asuncion |first=Joseph |date=2021-12-03 |title=MrBeast's viral Squid Game video is breaking every YouTube record {{!}} ONE Esports |url=https://www.oneesports.gg/culture/mrbeast-squid-game-break-youtube-record/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ONE Esports |language=en-US |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530184735/https://www.oneesports.gg/culture/mrbeast-squid-game-break-youtube-record/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ishan |date=2021-11-30 |title=Inside YouTuber MrBeast's real-life Squid Game – that cost US$3.5 million |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3157862/inside-youtuber-mrbeasts-real-life-squid-game-viral |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713151654/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3157862/inside-youtuber-mrbeasts-real-life-squid-game-viral |url-status=live }}</ref> while others spell it "Stephen".<ref>{{Cite web |last=India Today Lifestyle Desk |title=Is YouTuber MrBeast really going to die in 3 years? Here's the truth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/is-youtuber-mrbeast-really-going-to-die-in-3-years-heres-the-truth-2395037-2023-06-19 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627082915/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/is-youtuber-mrbeast-really-going-to-die-in-3-years-heres-the-truth-2395037-2023-06-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Donaldson's business filing lists his legal name as "James Stephen Donaldson".<ref>{{Cite web |last=North Carolina Secretary of State |author-link=North Carolina Secretary of State |title=Registered Agent James Stephen Donaldson |url=https://www.sosnc.gov/online_services/Search/Business_Registration_profile?Id=13727036 |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=sosnc.gov |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611112332/https://www.sosnc.gov/online_services/Search/Business_Registration_profile?Id=13727036 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2022, one of Donaldson's staff members stated Donaldson's full name was "James Stephen Donaldson".<ref>{{Cite web |last=MrBeastStaff |date=2022-10-23 |title=James Stephen Donaldson |url=http://www.reddit.com/r/MrBeast/comments/yb9jqv/what_is_mrbeasts_actual_name/itfl6py/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=r/MrBeast |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611093026/https://www.reddit.com/r/MrBeast/comments/yb9jqv/what_is_mrbeasts_actual_name/itfl6py/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|name="name"}} (born May 7, 1998), more commonly known as '''MrBeast''', is an [[Americans|American]] [[YouTuber]]. He is known for his expensive stunts and [[philanthropy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mrbeast-youtube-jimmy-donaldson-net-worth-life-career-challenges-teamtrees-2019-11/?r=AU&IR=T |title=21-year-old YouTuber MrBeast is one of the most-viewed YouTube creators in 2019 — check out how he got his start and found success with elaborate stunts and giveaways |last=Leskin |first=Paige |date=December 12, 2019 |website=Business Insider |access-date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> He is the most subscribed creator on [[YouTube]], passing [[T-Series]] on June 1, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Liv|last=McMahon|date=3 June 2024|title=MrBeast: YouTuber topples T-Series for most subscribers|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8440yxd92xo|access-date=2025-01-08|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> He has been seen as the creator of a new genre of YouTube videos that are expensive stunts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/25/20924718/mrbeast-youtube-stunts-challenges-money-philanthropy-creators-morgz |title=MrBeast changed YouTube and launched an entire genre of expensive stunt content |last=Alexander |first=Julia |date=October 25, 2019 |website=The Verge |access-date=March 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218170709/https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/25/20924718/mrbeast-youtube-stunts-challenges-money-philanthropy-creators-morgz |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is also the co-creator of [[Team Trees]], a fundraiser for the Arbor Day Foundation which has raised over $24 million,<ref>{{cite web|title=Help Us Plant 20 Million Trees - Join #TeamTrees|url=https://teamtrees.org/|website=teamtrees.org|language=en|access-date=May 17, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-pewdiepie-jeffree-star-donate-mrbeast-youtube-tree-planting-2019-10|title=YouTuber MrBeast's tree-planting campaign reached its goal of raising $20 million. Here's the list of prominent people who have donated, including Elon Musk, Jeffree Star, and even the CEO of YouTube.|last=Leskin|first=Paige|date=December 19, 2019|work=Business Insider|access-date=May 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209061044/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-pewdiepie-jeffree-star-donate-mrbeast-youtube-tree-planting-2019-10|archive-date=February 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Team Seas]], a fundraiser for [[Ocean|Ocean Conservancy]] and The Ocean Cleanup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Help us remove 30 million pounds of trash by January 1st, 2022 - Join #TeamSeas|url=https://teamseas.org/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=teamseas.org|language=en}}</ref> == Life == He was born in [[Wichita, Kansas]]. Donaldson began posting videos to YouTube in early 2012 at the age of 13.<ref name="NightMedia">{{cite web|date=January 23, 2019|title=Night Media Signs Top Influencer, "MrBeast"|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190123005544/en/Night-Media-Signs-Top-Influencer-%E2%80%9CMrBeast%E2%80%9D|archive-date=May 26, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526074200/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190123005544/en/Night-Media-Signs-Top-Influencer-%E2%80%9CMrBeast%E2%80%9D | access-date=May 26, 2019|website=Business Wire}}</ref>[[File:MrBeast.png|thumb|Donaldson wearing black shirt in January 2018]]Under the name of "MrBeast6000", his early content ranged from [[Let's Play]]s to "videos estimating the wealth of other YouTubers". Some of his philanthropy includes paying for eye surgery for 1,000 people, giving large amounts of money to random people on the street, signing for the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] and giving away islands. He finds spending time with his friends, especially Harley, Adam, and Benji to be not only fun but inspiration for Youtube videos on his various channels. == YouTube Career == MrBeast uploaded his first video on his [[YouTube channel|YouTube Channel]] in February 2012, at the age of 13, under the name of "MrBeast6000". His early content ranged from Gaming, he uploaded videos about ''[[Minecraft]]'' and ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]'', videos estimating the wealth of other YouTubers, videos that offered tips to upcoming [[YouTube Creator Awards|YouTube creators]] and commentary on YouTube drama. In 2021 he released the most popular video on his channel so far: $''456,000 Squid Game In Real Life.'' As of August 2025 it has recieved 860 million views. His videos are mostly on giving islands to people, giving large amounts of money to people and challenges where the winning participant will receive a large amount of money. MrBeast has an estimated [[net worth]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-10-12|title=MrBeast Youtube Channel Income, Net Worth and Estimated Earnings|url=https://www.cashlootera.com/mr-beast-net-worth/|access-date=2023-11-28|language=en-US}}</ref> of $1 billion<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knight|first=Dark|date=2025-05-26|title=MrBeast Net Worth 2025 Update: MrBeast Becomes Youngest Self-Made Billionaire |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/hollywood/mrbeast-becomes-youngest-self-made-billionaire-and-yes-he-is-richer-than-srk-ws-l-aa-9353536.html|access-date=2025-05-26|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> USD as per 2025 updates. == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat|MrBeast }} *{{Twitter}} *{{Instagram}} *{{IMDb name}} *{{YouTube|channel=MrBeast}} [[Category:MrBeast| ]] [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Philanthropists from North Carolina]] [[Category:Businesspeople from North Carolina]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] [[Category:YouTube]] [[Category:People with Crohn's disease]] [[Category:Number-one YouTube channels in subscribers]] oagxn5j7f8793dl2flxjua4ys2ibvem 10882724 10882718 2026-06-09T23:00:12Z Ravensfire 121204 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33944-11|~2026-33944-11]] ([[User talk:~2026-33944-11|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}} {{Infobox YouTube personality | name = MrBeast | image = MrBeast 2023.jpg | caption = MrBeast in 2023 | birth_name = James<!-- Please do not change to Jimmy --> Stephen Donaldson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|5|7}} | birth_place = [[Wichita, Kansas]], U.S. | other_names = {{hlist|Jimmy Donaldson|MrBeast6000}} | origin = [[Greenville, North Carolina]], U.S.<ref>[https://www.wnct.com/local-news/youtube-star-greenvilles-own-mrbeast-rethinks-old-notions-of-philanthropy/ YouTube star, Greenville's own MrBeast rethinks old notions of philanthropy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718133714/https://www.wnct.com/local-news/youtube-star-greenvilles-own-mrbeast-rethinks-old-notions-of-philanthropy/ |date=July 18, 2022 }}. ''Wnct.com''. Retrieved July 18, 2022.</ref> | education = Greenville Christian Academy | occupation = {{flatlist| * [[YouTuber]] * [[Businessperson|businessman]] * [[Philanthropy|philanthropist]] }} | partners = {{plainlist| * Maddy Spidell (2019–2022) * Thea Booysen (2022–present)}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Cheong |first=Charissa |title=Everything we know about MrBeast's rumored relationship with a Twitch streamer who says she met him 'by accident' |url=https://www.insider.com/mrbeast-thea-booysen-timeline-rumored-relationship-2022-12 |website=Insider |access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mussen |first=Maddy |title=MrBeast: the YouTuber on track to become a billionaire |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/mrbeast-youtube-net-worth-bio-studio-friend-chris-tyson-girlfriend-b1074966.html |access-date=2 August 2023 |work=Evening Standard |date=29 June 2023 |language=en |archive-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804195557/https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/mrbeast-youtube-net-worth-bio-studio-friend-chris-tyson-girlfriend-b1074966.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | channel_direct_url = MrBeast6000 | channel_display_name = MrBeast | years_active = 2012–present | genre = {{flatlist| * Challenge * [[vlog]]2 * [[Gameplay|gaming]] * [[Reaction video|react]]}} | subscribers = {{Plainlist| * 484 million (main channel) * {{Rounddown|{{Sum|484|56.4|36.7|57.6|29.6}}}} million (combined){{efn|Only the 5 main channels are included: MrBeast, MrBeast Gaming, Beast Reacts, MrBeast 2 (formerly MrBeast Shorts) and Beast Philanthropy.}} }} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE WITHOUT UPDATING stats_update BELOW --> | views = {{Plainlist| * 121 billion (main channel) * {{Rounddown|{{Sum|121.287.568.028|10.829.438.233|6.824.138.288|10.536.033.895|1.291.923.057}}}} billion (combined) }} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE WITHOUT UPDATING stats_update BELOW --> | stats_update = May 10, 2026 | associated_acts = <!-- Do not add creators not mentioned in the body of the article. See WP:INFOBOX --> {{flatlist| * [[Karl Jacobs]] * [[PewDiePie]] * [[Marques Brownlee]] * [[Jay Leno]] * [[Mark Rober]] * [[Gordon Ramsay]] * [[Airrack]] }} | silver_button = yes | silver_year = 2016<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donaldson |first=Jimmy |date=July 8, 2016 |title=100,000 SUBSCRIBERS.EXE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5J6-5g2alp8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/5J6-5g2alp8 |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |access-date=November 13, 2019 |website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | gold_button = yes | gold_year = 2017<ref name="mrbeastbuttons">{{Cite web |title=MrBeast's YouTube stats |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/mrbeast6000/monthly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727105110/https://socialblade.com/youtube/user/mrbeast6000/monthly |archive-date=July 27, 2022 |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Social Blade}}</ref> | diamond_button = yes | diamond_year = 2018<ref name="mrbeastbuttons" /> | ruby_button = yes | ruby_year = 2021 | red_diamond_button = yes | red_diamond_year = 2022 | amber_diamond_button = yes | amber_diamond_year = 2023 | emerald_diamond_button = yes | emerald_diamond_year = 2024 | sapphire_diamond_button = yes | sapphire_diamond_year = 2025 | signature = MrBeast signature.svg | signature_size = 80px | website = {{URL|https://mrbeast.store}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename= Mr Beast.ogg|title=Jimmy Donaldson's voice|type=speech|description=At the [[2022 Kids' Choice Awards]]<br/>Recorded April 2022}} }} '''James Stephen''' "'''Jimmy'''" '''Donaldson'''{{Efn|Sources conflict on the spelling of Donaldson's middle name. Some spell it "Steven",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karl |first=Chris |date=2021-11-30 |title=How MrBeast's Squid Game Was Made Revealed In BTS Video |url=https://screenrant.com/mr-beast-squid-game-show-making-bts-video/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530184735/https://screenrant.com/mr-beast-squid-game-show-making-bts-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Asuncion |first=Joseph |date=2021-12-03 |title=MrBeast's viral Squid Game video is breaking every YouTube record {{!}} ONE Esports |url=https://www.oneesports.gg/culture/mrbeast-squid-game-break-youtube-record/ |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=ONE Esports |language=en-US |archive-date=May 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530184735/https://www.oneesports.gg/culture/mrbeast-squid-game-break-youtube-record/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ishan |date=2021-11-30 |title=Inside YouTuber MrBeast's real-life Squid Game – that cost US$3.5 million |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3157862/inside-youtuber-mrbeasts-real-life-squid-game-viral |access-date=2023-05-30 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |archive-date=July 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713151654/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3157862/inside-youtuber-mrbeasts-real-life-squid-game-viral |url-status=live }}</ref> while others spell it "Stephen".<ref>{{Cite web |last=India Today Lifestyle Desk |title=Is YouTuber MrBeast really going to die in 3 years? Here's the truth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/is-youtuber-mrbeast-really-going-to-die-in-3-years-heres-the-truth-2395037-2023-06-19 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en |archive-date=June 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627082915/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/is-youtuber-mrbeast-really-going-to-die-in-3-years-heres-the-truth-2395037-2023-06-19 |url-status=live }}</ref> Donaldson's business filing lists his legal name as "James Stephen Donaldson".<ref>{{Cite web |last=North Carolina Secretary of State |author-link=North Carolina Secretary of State |title=Registered Agent James Stephen Donaldson |url=https://www.sosnc.gov/online_services/Search/Business_Registration_profile?Id=13727036 |access-date=2023-06-11 |website=sosnc.gov |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611112332/https://www.sosnc.gov/online_services/Search/Business_Registration_profile?Id=13727036 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2022, one of Donaldson's staff members stated Donaldson's full name was "James Stephen Donaldson".<ref>{{Cite web |last=MrBeastStaff |date=2022-10-23 |title=James Stephen Donaldson |url=http://www.reddit.com/r/MrBeast/comments/yb9jqv/what_is_mrbeasts_actual_name/itfl6py/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=r/MrBeast |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611093026/https://www.reddit.com/r/MrBeast/comments/yb9jqv/what_is_mrbeasts_actual_name/itfl6py/ |url-status=live }}</ref>|name="name"}} (born May 7, 1998), more commonly known as '''MrBeast''', is an [[Americans|American]] [[YouTuber]]. He is known for his expensive stunts and [[philanthropy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mrbeast-youtube-jimmy-donaldson-net-worth-life-career-challenges-teamtrees-2019-11/?r=AU&IR=T |title=21-year-old YouTuber MrBeast is one of the most-viewed YouTube creators in 2019 — check out how he got his start and found success with elaborate stunts and giveaways |last=Leskin |first=Paige |date=December 12, 2019 |website=Business Insider |access-date=January 24, 2020}}</ref> He is the most subscribed creator on [[YouTube]], passing [[T-Series]] on June 1, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Liv|last=McMahon|date=3 June 2024|title=MrBeast: YouTuber topples T-Series for most subscribers|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8440yxd92xo|access-date=2025-01-08|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> He has been seen as the creator of a new genre of YouTube videos that are expensive stunts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/25/20924718/mrbeast-youtube-stunts-challenges-money-philanthropy-creators-morgz |title=MrBeast changed YouTube and launched an entire genre of expensive stunt content |last=Alexander |first=Julia |date=October 25, 2019 |website=The Verge |access-date=March 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218170709/https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/25/20924718/mrbeast-youtube-stunts-challenges-money-philanthropy-creators-morgz |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is also the co-creator of [[Team Trees]], a fundraiser for the Arbor Day Foundation which has raised over $24 million,<ref>{{cite web|title=Help Us Plant 20 Million Trees - Join #TeamTrees|url=https://teamtrees.org/|website=teamtrees.org|language=en|access-date=May 17, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-pewdiepie-jeffree-star-donate-mrbeast-youtube-tree-planting-2019-10|title=YouTuber MrBeast's tree-planting campaign reached its goal of raising $20 million. Here's the list of prominent people who have donated, including Elon Musk, Jeffree Star, and even the CEO of YouTube.|last=Leskin|first=Paige|date=December 19, 2019|work=Business Insider|access-date=May 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209061044/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-pewdiepie-jeffree-star-donate-mrbeast-youtube-tree-planting-2019-10|archive-date=February 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Team Seas]], a fundraiser for [[Ocean|Ocean Conservancy]] and The Ocean Cleanup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Help us remove 30 million pounds of trash by January 1st, 2022 - Join #TeamSeas|url=https://teamseas.org/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=teamseas.org|language=en}}</ref> == Life == He was born in [[Wichita, Kansas]]. Donaldson began posting videos to YouTube in early 2012 at the age of 13.<ref name="NightMedia">{{cite web|date=January 23, 2019|title=Night Media Signs Top Influencer, "MrBeast"|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190123005544/en/Night-Media-Signs-Top-Influencer-%E2%80%9CMrBeast%E2%80%9D|archive-date=May 26, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526074200/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190123005544/en/Night-Media-Signs-Top-Influencer-%E2%80%9CMrBeast%E2%80%9D | access-date=May 26, 2019|website=Business Wire}}</ref>[[File:MrBeast.png|thumb|Donaldson wearing black shirt in January 2018]]Under the name of "MrBeast6000", his early content ranged from [[Let's Play]]s to "videos estimating the wealth of other YouTubers". Some of his philanthropy includes paying for eye surgery for 1,000 people, giving large amounts of money to random people on the street, signing for the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] and giving away islands. == YouTube Career == MrBeast uploaded his first video on his [[YouTube channel|YouTube Channel]] in February 2012, at the age of 13, under the name of "MrBeast6000". His early content ranged from Gaming, he uploaded videos about ''[[Minecraft]]'' and ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]'', videos estimating the wealth of other YouTubers, videos that offered tips to upcoming [[YouTube Creator Awards|YouTube creators]] and commentary on YouTube drama. In 2021 he released the most popular video on his channel so far: $''456,000 Squid Game In Real Life.'' As of August 2025 it has recieved 860 million views. His videos are mostly on giving islands to people, giving large amounts of money to people and challenges where the winning participant will receive a large amount of money. MrBeast has an estimated [[net worth]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-10-12|title=MrBeast Youtube Channel Income, Net Worth and Estimated Earnings|url=https://www.cashlootera.com/mr-beast-net-worth/|access-date=2023-11-28|language=en-US}}</ref> of $1 billion<ref>{{Cite web|last=Knight|first=Dark|date=2025-05-26|title=MrBeast Net Worth 2025 Update: MrBeast Becomes Youngest Self-Made Billionaire |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/hollywood/mrbeast-becomes-youngest-self-made-billionaire-and-yes-he-is-richer-than-srk-ws-l-aa-9353536.html|access-date=2025-05-26|website=News18|language=en}}</ref> USD as per 2025 updates. == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commonscat|MrBeast }} *{{Twitter}} *{{Instagram}} *{{IMDb name}} *{{YouTube|channel=MrBeast}} [[Category:MrBeast| ]] [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Philanthropists from North Carolina]] [[Category:Businesspeople from North Carolina]] [[Category:American YouTubers]] [[Category:YouTube]] [[Category:People with Crohn's disease]] [[Category:Number-one YouTube channels in subscribers]] 6k2cteifbg3fhrt9oc8plkhsdiinchl 0 767151 10882911 10467178 2026-06-10T03:56:17Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Phagu_Chauhan_2023_(cropped).jpg|Phagu_Chauhan_2023_(cropped).jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Phagu Chauhan | image = | alt = | caption = | office = 20th [[Governor of Meghalaya]] | 1blankname = Chief Minister | 1namedata = [[Conrad Sangma]] | term_start = 12 February 2023 | predecessor = [[B. D. Mishra]]<br/>{{small|(additional charge)}} | term_end = 30 July 2024 | successor = [[C. H. Vijayashankar]] | constituency5 = [[Ghosi (Assembly constituency)|Ghosi]], [[Mau district|Mau]] | office1 = 28th [[List of governors of Bihar|Governor of Bihar]] | 1blankname1 = Chief Minister | 1namedata1 = [[Nitish Kumar]] | successor1 = [[Rajendra Arlekar]] | predecessor1 = [[Lalji Tandon]] | term_start1 = 29 July 2019 | term_end1 = 12 February 2023 | office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] for <br /> [[Ghosi (Assembly constituency)|Ghosi]] | term_start2 = March 2017 | term_end2 = July 2019 | predecessor2 = Shudhakar Singh | successor2 = | term_start3 = October 1996 | term_end3 = March 2012 | predecessor3 = Achaibar Bharti | successor3 = Shudhakar Singh | term_start4 = June 1991 | term_end4 = December 1992 | predecessor4 = Subhash | successor4 = Achaibar Bharti | term_start5 = March 1985 | term_end5 = November 1989 | predecessor5 = Kedar | successor5 = Subhash | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1948|01|01}} | birth_place = [[Azamgarh district|Sekhupur]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], [[Dominion of India|India]] | restingplace = | birthname = | parents = | nationality = Indian | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] | otherparty = [[National Democratic Alliance]] | spouse = Muhari Devi | partner = | relations = | children = 7 | residence = Sekhupur, [[Azamgarh district|Azamgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] <br /> Vijayant Khand, Gomtinagar, [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | education = Graduate | profession = {{hlist|Politician|agriculturist}} }} '''Phagu Chauhan''' (born 1 January 1948) is an [[India|Indian]] [[politician]]. In February 2023, he became the 20th [[Governor of Meghalaya]]. He is a former member of 17th Legislative Assembly of [[Uttar Pradesh]] from Ghosi, a seat he won from a record six times and served as the governer of Bihar from 2019 till 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS24354.htm?ac=354|title=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2017|publisher=eciresults.nic.in|access-date=2 June 2017|archive-date=27 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527140017/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS24354.htm?ac=354|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://myneta.info/uttarpradesh2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=4582|title=Myneta, Election Watch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/uttar-pradesh/ghosi/|title=Ghosi - Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2017|access-date=2020-06-15|archive-date=2018-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907103111/http://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/uttar-pradesh/ghosi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chauhan, Fagu}} [[Category:Governors of Bihar]] [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Governors of Meghalaya]] {{Biography-stub}} du30tl8ej7c3ihjmw3blv9ebl6sqqe5 0 767286 10882912 10467182 2026-06-10T03:56:21Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Phagu_Chauhan_2023_(cropped).jpg|Phagu_Chauhan_2023_(cropped).jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = Governor | insignia = Seal of Meghalaya.svg | insigniasize = 120px | insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Meghalaya]] | native_name = | body = Meghalaya | image = C H Vijayashankar.jpg | imagesize = | incumbent =[[C. H. Vijayashankar]] | incumbentsince = 30 July 2024 | termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]] | appointer = [[President of India]] | formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1972|01|21}} | inaugural = [[Braj Kumar Nehru]] | website = {{url|meggovernor.gov.in}} }} This is a '''list of the governors of Meghalaya''' state in northeastern [[India]]. [[Meghalaya]] became an autonomous state within [[Assam]] on 1 April 1970 and a separate state on 21 January 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://meggovernor.gov.in/past_gov.html|title=Past Governors: Raj Bhavan, Meghalaya|website=meggovernor.gov.in|access-date=2016-12-31}}</ref> == List == This is a list of the governors of Meghalaya state in northeastern [[India]]. [[Meghalaya]] became an autonomous state within [[Assam]] on 1 April 1970 and a separate state on 21 January 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://meggovernor.gov.in/past_gov.html|title=Past Governors: Raj Bhavan, Meghalaya|website=meggovernor.gov.in|access-date=2016-12-31}}</ref> ;Legend *{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office *{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred *{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed ;Color key *{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;" ! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|#|Number}} ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait ! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state ! colspan="3"| Tenure in office ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President) |- ! style="width:7em"| From ! style="width:7em"| To ! style="width:5em"| Time in office |- ! 1 | [[File:Braj Kumar Nehru with Kennedy (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Braj Kumar Nehru]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1909{{ndash}}2001)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|21 January}}<br/>1972{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Assam]] and [[Governor of Nagaland|Nagaland]] (1968{{ndash}}1973); and [[Governor of Meghalaya|Governor of Manipur]] and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]] (1972{{ndash}}1973)}} | {{small|18 September}}<br/>1973 | '''{{ayd|21 Jan 1972|18 Sep 1973}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 2 | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | '''[[Lallan Prasad Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]] (Retd)<br/>(1912{{ndash}}1998)<br/>Governor of Assam}} | [[Bihar]] | {{small|19 September}}<br/>1973{{efn-lg|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Assam]], [[Governor of Manipur|Manipur]], [[Governor of Nagaland|Nagaland]], and [[Governor of Tripura|Tripura]]}} | {{small|11 August}}<br/>1981 | '''{{ayd|19 Sep 1973|10 Aug 1981}}''' |- ! 3 | [[File:Prakash Mehrotra.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Prakash Mehrotra]]'''<br/>{{small|(1925{{ndash}}1988)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|12 August}}<br/>1981{{efn-lg|name=AS|Concurrently also served as the [[Governor of Assam]]}} | {{small|28 March}}<br/>1984{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|12 Aug 1981|28 Mar 1984}}''' | [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Tribeni Sahai Misra]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2005)<br/>Chief Justice, Gauhati High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|29 March}}<br/>1984{{efn-lg|name=AS}} | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|15 April}}<br/>1984 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|28 Mar 1984|15 Apr 1984}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Zail Singh]] |- ! 4 | [[File:Bhishma Narain Singh (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Bhishma Narain Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1933{{ndash}}2018)}} | [[Bihar]] | {{small|16 April}}<br/>1984{{efn-lg|name=AS}} | {{small|10 May}}<br/>1989 | '''{{ayd|15 Apr 1984|10 May 1989}}''' |- ! 5 | [[File:Haridev Joshi.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Hari Dev Joshi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1920{{ndash}}1995)}} | [[Rajasthan]] | {{small|11 May}}<br/>1989{{efn-lg|name=AS}} | {{small|26 July}}<br/>1989{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|10 May 1989|21 Jul 1989}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |- ! 6 | [[File:A.A.Rahim(inc).jpg|70px]] | '''[[A. A. Rahim]]'''<br/>{{small|(1920{{ndash}}2015)}} | [[Kerala]] | {{small|27 July}}<br/>1989 | {{small|8 May}}<br/>1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|27 Jul 1989|8 May 1990}}''' |- ! 7 | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | '''[[Madhukar Dighe]]'''<br/>{{small|(1920{{ndash}}2014)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|9 May}}<br/>1990 | {{small|8 June}}<br/>1995 | '''{{ayd|9 May 1990|8 Jun 1995}}''' |- ! 8 | [[File:M.M. Jacob photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[M. M. Jacob]]'''<br/>{{small|(1926{{ndash}}2018)}} | [[Kerala]] | {{small|19 June}}<br/>1995 | {{small|11 April}}<br/>2007 | '''{{ayd|19 Jun 1995|11 Apr 2007}}''' | [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] |- ! 9 | [[File:Banwari Lal Joshi.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Banwari Lal Joshi]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(1936{{ndash}}2017)}} | [[Rajasthan]] | {{small|12 April}}<br/>2007 | {{small|28 October}}<br/>2007{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=UK|Transferred as the [[Governor of Uttarakhand]]}} | '''{{ayd|12 Apr 2007|28 Oct 2007}}''' | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Shivinder Singh Sidhu.jpg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Shivinder Singh Sidhu]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br>(1929{{ndash}}2018)<br/>Governor of Manipur}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|29 October}}<br/>2007 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|30 June}}<br/>2008 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|29 Oct 2007|30 Jun 2008}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Pratibha Patil]] |- ! 10 | [[File:Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary, Director-General of BSF in 2005 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1947)}} | [[Assam]] | {{small|1 July}}<br/>2008 | {{small|30 June}}<br/>2013 | '''{{ayd|1 Jul 2008|30 Jun 2013}}''' |- ! 11 | [[File:Governor of Uttarakhand Krishan Kant Paul (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Krishan Kant Paul]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1948)}} | [[Chandigarh]] | {{small|1 July}}<br/>2013 | {{small|6 January}}<br/>2015{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|name=UK}} | '''{{ayd|1 Jul 2013|6 Jan 2015}}''' | rowspan="4"| [[Pranab Mukherjee]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi - Kolkata 2016-07-01 5591.JPG|70px]] | '''[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2023)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|6 January}}<br/>2015 | {{small|19 May}}<br/>2015 | '''{{ayd|6 Jan 2015|19 May 2015}}''' |- ! 12 | [[File:The Governor-designate of Meghalaya, Shri V. Shanmuganathan calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on May 13, 2015.jpg (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[V. Shanmuganathan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1949)}} | [[Tamil Nadu]] | {{small|20 May}}<br/>2015 | {{small|27 January}}<br/>2017{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|20 May 2015|27 Jan 2017}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Banwarilal Purohit in 2023.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Banwarilal Purohit]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1940)<br/>Governor of Assam}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|27 January}}<br/>2017 | {{small|5 October}}<br/>2017{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]}} | '''{{ayd|27 Jan 2017|5 Oct 2017}}''' |- ! 13 | [[File:Ganga Prasad in July 2018 (portrait).JPG|70px]] | '''[[Ganga Prasad]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1939)}} | [[Bihar]] | {{small|5 October}}<br/>2017 | {{small|25 August}}<br/>2018{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Sikkim]]}} | '''{{ayd|5 Oct 2017|25 Aug 2018}}''' | rowspan="5"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- ! 14 | [[File:Tathagata Roy with Rajnath Singh in May 2015 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Tathagata Roy]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1945)}} | [[West Bengal]] | {{small|25 August}}<br/>2018 | {{small|18 December}}<br/>2019 | '''{{ayd|25 Aug 2018|18 Dec 2019}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:R.N. Ravi.jpg|70px]] | '''[[R. N. Ravi]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1952)<br/>Governor of Nagaland}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Bihar]] | {{small|18 December}}<br/>2019 | {{small|26 January}}<br/>2020 | '''{{ayd|18 Dec 2019|26 Jan 2020}}''' |- ! (14) | [[File:Tathagata Roy with Rajnath Singh in May 2015 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Tathagata Roy]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1945)}} | [[West Bengal]] | {{small|27 January}}<br/>2020 | {{small|18 August}}<br/>2020 | '''{{ayd|27 Jan 2020|18 Aug 2020}}''' |- ! 15 | [[File:The Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, Shri Satya Pal Malik calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 10, 2018 (cropped).JPG|70px]] | '''[[Satya Pal Malik]]'''<br/>{{small|(1946{{ndash}}2025)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|18 August}}<br/>2020 | {{small|3 October}}<br/>2022 | '''{{ayd|18 Aug 2020|3 Oct 2022}}''' |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:The Minister of State for Tourism (IC), Shri Alphons Kannanthanam meeting the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, Brigadier (Retd.) (Dr.) B.D. Mishra, in New Delhi on July 31, 2018 (cropped).JPG|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|Brigadier}}<br>'''[[B. D. Mishra]]''' {{small|(Retd)<br>(born 1939)<br/>Governor of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|4 October}}<br/>2022 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|17 February}}<br/>2023{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh]]}} | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|4 Oct 2022|17 Feb 2023}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- ! 16 | | '''[[Phagu Chauhan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1948)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|18 February}}<br/>2023 | {{small|29 July}}<br/>2024 | '''{{ayd|18 Feb 2023|29 Jul 2024}}''' |- ! 17 | [[File:C H Vijayashankar.jpg|70px]] | '''[[C. H. Vijayashankar]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1956)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|30 July}}<br/>2024 | Incumbent | '''{{ayd|30 Jul 2024}}''' |- |} {{reflist|group=lower-greek}} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Governors of Meghalaya| ]] {{Multistub|politics|Asia}} ps0rfrdi7h8ueogu7ziiowhnesbwror 0 767293 10882927 10735970 2026-06-10T04:26:48Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg|Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post |post = Governor |native_name = | insignia = Seal of Mizoram.svg | insigniasize = 120px | insigniacaption = [[Raj Bhavan, Aizawl]] |body = Mizoram |image= File:VK Singh.jpg |incumbent = [[V. K. Singh]] |incumbentsince = 16 January 2025 |style = [[Excellency|His Excellency]] |residence = [[Raj Bhavan (Mizoram)|Raj Bhavan]], [[Aizawl]] |termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]] |appointer = [[President of India]] |formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1987|02|20}} |inaugural = S.P. Mukherjee |website = https://rajbhavan.mizoram.gov.in }} This is a '''list of governors of Mizoram''', an Indian state on the border with [[Myanmar]]. ==List== ;Legend *{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office *{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred *{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed ;Color key *{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge ===Lieutenant Governors of Mizoram (1972{{ndash}}1987) === S.J.Das was the administrator of [[Mizoram]] from 21 January 1972 to 23 April 1972. He was followed by these [[Governors of India|Lieutenant Governors]]: {| class="wikitable sortable" | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''#''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Name''' |bgcolor=#cccccc|'''Portrait''' | bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Took office''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Left office''' |- ! bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 1 | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | S. P. Mukherjee |bgcolor=#DDEEFF | | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 24 April 1972 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 12 June 1974 |- ! bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 2 | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | S. K. Chibber |bgcolor=#DDEEFF | | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 13 June 1974 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 26 September 1977 |- ! bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 3 | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | N. P. Mathur |bgcolor=#DDEEFF | | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 27 September 1977 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 15 April 1981 |- ! bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 4 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Sourendra Nath Kohli|S. N. Kohli]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[File:Adm SN Kohli.jpg|72x72px]] | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 16 April 1981 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 9 August 1983 |- ! bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 5 | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | H. S. Dubey |bgcolor=#DDEEFF | | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 10 August 1983 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 10 December 1986 |- ! bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 6 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | [[Hiteswar Saikia]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[File:Hiteswar Saikia with Shankar Dayal Sharma (cropped).jpg|80x80px]] | bgcolor="#DDEEFF" | 11 December 1986 | bgcolor=#DDEEFF | 19 February 1987 |} ===Governors of Mizoram (1987{{ndash}}present)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;" ! rowspan="2"| # ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait ! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state ! colspan="3"| Tenure in office ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President) |- ! style="width:7em"| From ! style="width:7em"| To ! style="width:5em"| Time in office |- ! 1 | [[File:Hiteswar Saikia with Shankar Dayal Sharma (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Hiteswar Saikia]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}1996)}} | [[Assam]] | {{small|20 February}}<br/>1987 | {{small|30 April}}<br/>1989{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|20 Feb 1987|30 Apr 1989}}''' | [[Zail Singh]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:General Kotikalapudi Venkata Krishna Rao.jpg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|[[General (India)|General]]}}<br/>'''[[K. V. Krishna Rao]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}(1923-2016)<br />(Additional Charge) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Andhra Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|1 May}}<br/>1989 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|20 July}}<br/>1989{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]]}} | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|1 May 1989|20 Jul 1989}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |- ! 2 | | '''[[Williamson A. Sangma]]'''<br/>{{small|(1919{{ndash}}1990)}} | [[Meghalaya]] | {{small|21 July}}<br/>1989 | {{small|7 February}}<br/>1990{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|21 Jul 1989|7 Feb 1990}}''' |- ! 3 | [[File:Swaraj Kaushal (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Swaraj Kaushal]]'''<br/><small>(1952-2025)</small> | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|8 February}}<br/>1990 | {{small|9 February}}<br/>1993 | '''{{ayd|8 Feb 1990|9 Feb 1993}}''' |- ! 4 | [[File:P. R. Kyndiah (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Paty Ripple Kyndiah]]'''<br/>{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2015)}} | [[Meghalaya]] | {{small|10 February}}<br/>1993 | {{small|13 January}}<br/>1998{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to contest in the [[1998 Indian general election|1998 general election]]}} | '''{{ayd|10 Feb 1993|13 Jan 1998}}''' | rowspan="6"| [[K. R. Narayanan]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Siddheshwar Prasad Lok Sabha photo.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Siddheshwar Prasad]]'''<br/>{{small|(1929{{ndash}}2023)<br/>Governor of Tripura}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Bihar]] | {{small|14 January}}<br/>1998 | {{small|28 January}}<br/>1998 | '''{{ayd|14 Jan 1998|28 Jan 1998}}''' |- ! 5 | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | '''[[Arun Prasad Mukherjee]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)}} | [[West Bengal]] | {{small|29 January}}<br/>1998 | {{small|1 May}}<br/>1998{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|29 Jan 1998|1 May 1998}}''' |- ! 6 | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | '''[[A. Padmanabhan]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1928)}} | [[Tamil Nadu]] | {{small|2 May}}<br/>1998 | {{small|30 November}}<br/>2000{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|2 May 1998|30 Nov 2000}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Ved Marwah (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ved Marwah]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(1934{{ndash}}2020)<br/>Governor of Manipur}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Delhi]] | {{small|1 December}}<br/>2000 | {{small|17 May}}<br/>2001 | '''{{ayd|1 Dec 2000|17 May 2001}}''' |- ! 7 | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | '''[[Amolak Rattan Kohli]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1942)}} | [[Haryana]] | {{small|18 May}}<br/>2001 | {{small|24 July}}<br/>2006 | '''{{ayd|18 May 2001|24 Jul 2006}}''' |- ! 8 | [[File:Lieutenant General M.M. Lakhera (cropped).jpg|70px]] | {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}}<br/>'''[[Madan Mohan Lakhera]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}<br/>{{small|(born 1937)}} | [[Uttarakhand]] | {{small|25 July}}<br/>2006 | {{small|1 September}}<br/>2011 | '''{{ayd|25 Jul 2006|1 Sep 2011}}''' | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] |- ! 9 | [[File:Vakkom Purushothaman (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Vakkom Purushothaman]]'''<br/>{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2023)}} | [[Kerala]] | {{small|2 September}}<br/>2011 | {{small|9 July}}<br/>2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|2 Sep 2011|9 Jul 2014}}''' | [[Pratibha Patil]] |- ! 10 | | '''Kamla Beniwal'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2024)}} | [[Rajasthan]] | {{small|9 July}}<br/>2014 | {{small|7 August}}<br/>2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|9 Jul 2014|7 Aug 2014}}''' | rowspan="6"| [[Pranab Mukherjee]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Vinod Kumar Duggal in New Delhi on August 29, 2005 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Vinod Kumar Duggal]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1944)<br/>Governor of Manipur}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|8 August}}<br/>2014 | {{small|16 September}}<br/>2014{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|8 Aug 2014|16 Sep 2014}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Governor of Uttarakhand Krishan Kant Paul (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Krishan Kant Paul]]'''<br>{{small|[[Indian Police Service|IPS]] (Retd)<br/>(born 1948)<br/>Governor of Meghalaya}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Chandigarh]] | {{small|16 September}}<br/>2014 | {{small|8 January}}<br/>2015{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Uttarakhand]]}} | '''{{ayd|16 Sep 2014|8 Jan 2015}}''' |- ! 11 | | '''[[Aziz Qureshi]]'''<br>{{small|(1941{{ndash}}2024)}} | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | {{small|9 January}}<br/>2015 | {{small|3 April}}<br/>2015{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|9 Jan 2015|3 Apr 2015}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Keshari Nath Tripathi.jpg|82x82px]] | '''[[Keshari Nath Tripathi]]'''<br/>{{small|(1934{{ndash}}2023)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|4 April}}<br/>2015 | {{small|25 May}}<br/>2015 | '''{{ayd|4 Apr 2015|25 May 2015}}''' |- ! 12 | [[File:The Governor of Mizoram, Lt. Gen (Ret.) Nirbhay Sharma in New Delhi on September 07, 2017 (cropped).jpg|76x76px]] | {{small|[[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]}}<br/>'''[[Nirbhay Sarma|Nirbhay Sharma]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}<br/>{{small|(born 1946)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|26 May}}<br/>2015 | {{small|25 May}}<br/>2018 | '''{{ayd|26 May 2015|25 May 2018}}''' |- ! 13 | [[File:Governor of Mizoram Kummanam Rajasekharan.jpg|70x70px]] | '''[[Kummanam Rajasekharan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1952)}} | [[Kerala]] | {{small|29 May}}<br/>2018 | {{small|8 March}}<br/>2019{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to contest in the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]]}} | '''{{ayd|29 May 2018|8 Mar 2019}}''' | rowspan="6"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:The Governor of Assam, Shri Jagdish Mukhi meeting the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 28, 2018 (cropped).JPG|91x91px]] | '''[[Jagdish Mukhi]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1942)<br/>Governor of Assam}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Delhi]] | {{small|9 March}}<br/>2019 | {{small|4 November}}<br/>2019 | '''{{ayd|9 Mar 2019|4 Nov 2019}}''' |- ! 14 | [[File:PS Sreedharan Pillai.jpg|70px]] | '''[[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1954)}} | [[Kerala]] | {{small|5 November}}<br/>2019 | {{small|18 July}}<br/>2021{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Goa]]}} | '''{{ayd|5 Nov 2019|18 Jul 2021}}''' |- ! 15 | [[File:K. Hari Babu.jpg|77x77px]] | '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1953)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|19 July}}<br/>2021 | {{small|10 August}}<br/>2021 | '''{{ayd|19 Jul 2021|10 Aug 2021}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:The Minister of State for Tourism (IC), Shri Alphons Kannanthanam meeting the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh, Brigadier (Retd.) (Dr.) B.D. Mishra, in New Delhi on July 31, 2018 (cropped).JPG|70px]] | {{small|Brigadier}}<br>'''[[B. D. Mishra]]''' {{small|(Retd)<br>(born 1939)<br/>Governor of Arunachal Pradesh}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|11 August}}<br/>2021 | {{small|6 November}}<br/>2021 | '''{{ayd|11 Aug 2021|6 Nov 2021}}''' |- ! (15) | | '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1953)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|7 November}}<br/>2021 | <small>30 September</small> 2024 | '''2 years, 354 days''' |- !- | - <small>(Governor of Tripura)</small> (Acting) |[[N. Indrasena Reddy|Indrasena Reddy]] |[[Telangana]] |<small>30 September</small> 2024 |<small>10 October</small> 2024 |'''12 days''' | |- !16 |&nbsp; |[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]] <small>(born 1953)</small> |[[Andhra Pradesh]] |<small>10 October</small> 2024 |<small>16 January</small> 2025 <small>(Transferred as the [[Governor of Odisha|Governor of Odisha,]] Concurrently served as the [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha f]]<nowiki/>rom 3 January 2025)</small> |72 days | |- ! 17 | [[File:VK Singh.jpg|70px]] | {{small|[[General (India)|General]]}}<br />'''[[V. K. Singh|Vijay Kumar Singh]]''' {{small|(Retd)}}<br />{{small|(born 1951)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|16 January}}<br />2025 | Incumbent | '''{{ayd|16 Jan 2025}}''' | [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- |} {{div col|colwidth=35em}} {{reflist|group=lower-greek}} {{div col end}}{{reflist}} [[Category:Governors of Mizoram| ]] {{Multistub|politics|Asia}} sou34oy99pqkn0c3q1x7umwqcp7am1f 0 767432 10882928 10466891 2026-06-10T04:26:52Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg|Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = Governor | native_ name = | insignia = Seal of Odisha.png | insigniasize = 120 | insigniacaption = [[Emblem of Odisha]] | image = | imagesize = | incumbent = [[Kambhampati Hari Babu]] | incumbentsince = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|1|3}} | style = [[His Excellency]] | residence = [[Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar]] <br/> [[Raj Bhavan, Puri]] | termlength = [[At His Majesty's pleasure#Derivatives|At the pleasure of the president]] | appointer = [[President of India]] | formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1947|08|15}} | inaugural = [[Kailash Nath Katju]] | website = {{URL|http://www.rajbhavanodisha.gov.in/|rajbhavanodisha.gov.in}} | body = Odisha }} This is a list of the governors of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Odisha]] (formerly Orissa), since its foundation in 1936. ==List== ;Legend *{{note label|†|†|†}} Died in office *{{note label|§|§|§}} Transferred *{{note label|‡|‡|‡}} Resigned/removed ;Color key *{{legend2|wheat}} indicates acting/additional charge {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; border:1px #aaf solid;" ! rowspan="2"| # ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| Portrait ! rowspan="2" style="width:14em" | Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Home state ! colspan="3"| Tenure in office ! rowspan="2" style="width:7em" | Appointer<br/>(President) |- ! style="width:7em"| From ! style="width:7em"| To ! style="width:5em"| Time in office |- ! 1 | [[File:Kailash Nath Katju.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Kailash Nath Katju]]'''<br/>{{small|(1887{{ndash}}1968)}} | [[Central Provinces and Berar]] | {{small|15 August}}<br/>1947 | {{small|20 June}}<br/>1948{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of West Bengal]]}} | '''{{ayd|15 Aug 1947|20 Jun 1948}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Lord Mountbatten]]<br/>{{small|(Governor-General)}} |- ! 2 | [[File:Asaf Ali c- 1909 2013-08-09 16-24.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Asaf Ali]]'''<br/>{{small|(1888{{ndash}}1953)}} | [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]] | {{small|21 June}}<br/>1948 | {{small|5 May}}<br/>1951 | '''{{ayd|21 Jun 1948|5 May 1951}}''' |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[V. P. Menon]]'''<br/>{{small|{{post-nominals|country=GBR|CSI|CIE}}<br/>(1893{{ndash}}1965)}}<br/>(Acting) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Madras State]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|6 May}}<br/>1951 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|17 July}}<br/>1951 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|6 May 1951|17 Jul 1951}}''' | rowspan="4"| [[Rajendra Prasad]] |- ! (2) | [[File:Asaf Ali c- 1909 2013-08-09 16-24.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Asaf Ali]]'''<br/>{{small|(1888{{ndash}}1953)}} | [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]] | {{small|18 July}}<br/>1951 | {{small|6 June}}<br/>1952 | '''{{ayd|18 Jul 1951|6 Jun 1952}}''' |- ! 3 | [[File:Saiyid Fazl Ali.jpg|70px]] | {{small|Justice (Retd)}}<br/>'''[[Fazl Ali|Saiyid Fazl Ali]]'''<br/>{{small|(1886{{ndash}}1959)}} | [[Bihar]] | {{small|7 June}}<br/>1952 | {{small|9 February}}<br/>1954 | '''{{ayd|7 Jun 1952|9 Feb 1954}}''' |- ! 4 | [[File:Kumarasami raja.jpg|70px]] | '''[[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]]'''<br/>{{small|(1898{{ndash}}1957)}} | [[Madras State]] | {{small|10 February}}<br/>1954 | {{small|11 September}}<br/>1956 | '''{{ayd|10 Feb 1954|11 Sep 1956}}''' |- ! 5 | [[File:Bhim Sen Sachar.png|70px]] | '''[[Bhim Sen Sachar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1894{{ndash}}1978)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|12 September}}<br/>1956 | {{small|31 July}}<br/>1957{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]}} | '''{{ayd|12 Sep 1956|31 Jul 1957}}''' |- ! 6 | [[File:Y N Sukhtankar.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Y. N. Sukthankar|Yashwant Narayan Sukthankar]]'''<br/>{{post-nominals|country=GBR|CIE}} {{post-nominals|list=[[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]}} {{small|(Retd)<br/>(1897{{ndash}}1973)}} | [[Bombay State]] | {{small|31 July}}<br/>1957 | {{small|15 September}}<br/>1962 | '''{{ayd|31 Jul 1957|15 Sep 1962}}''' |- ! 7 | [[File:Ajudhia Nath Khosla.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ajudhia Nath Khosla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1892{{ndash}}1984)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|16 September}}<br/>1962 | {{small|5 August}}<br/>1966 | '''{{ayd|16 Sep 1962|5 Aug 1966}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Khaleel Ahmed (judge)|Khaleel Ahmed]]'''<br/>{{small|(1907{{ndash}}?)<br/>Chief Justice, Orissa High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Orissa]] | {{small|5 August}}<br/>1966 | {{small|11 September}}<br/>1966 | '''{{ayd|5 Aug 1966|11 Sep 1966}}''' |- ! (7) | [[File:Ajudhia Nath Khosla.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ajudhia Nath Khosla]]'''<br/>{{small|(1892{{ndash}}1984)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|12 September}}<br/>1966 | {{small|30 January}}<br/>1968 | '''{{ayd|12 Sep 1966|30 Jan 1968}}''' |- ! 8 | [[File:Shaukatullah Shah Ansari.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Shaukatullah Shah Ansari]]'''<br/>{{small|(1908{{ndash}}1972)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|31 January}}<br/>1968 | {{small|20 September}}<br/>1971 | '''{{ayd|31 Jan 1968|20 Sep 1971}}''' | [[Zakir Husain]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Jogendra Singh (politician).jpg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Jogendra Singh (politician)|Jogendra Singh]]'''<br/>{{small|(1903{{ndash}}1979)}}<br/>(Acting) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|20 September}}<br/>1971 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|30 June}}<br/>1972{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Rajasthan]]}} | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|20 Sep 1971|30 Jun 1972}}''' | rowspan="4"| [[V. V. Giri]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Gati Krushna Misra.jpg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Gati Krushna Misra]]'''<br/>{{small|(d. 2009)<br/>Chief Justice, Orissa High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Orissa]] | {{small|1 July}}<br/>1972 | {{small|8 November}}<br/>1972 | '''{{ayd|1 Jul 1972|8 Nov 1972}}''' |- ! 9 | [[File:Basappa Danappa Jatti, 5th Vice President of India.jpg|70px]] | '''[[B. D. Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]]'''<br/>{{small|(1912{{ndash}}2002)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|8 November}}<br/>1972 | {{small|20 August}}<br/>1974{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}}{{efn-lg|Resigned to become the [[Vice President of India]]}} | '''{{ayd|8 Nov 1972|20 Aug 1974}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Gati Krushna Misra.jpg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Gati Krushna Misra]]'''<br/>{{small|(d. 2009)<br/>Chief Justice, Orissa High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Orissa]] | {{small|21 August}}<br/>1974 | {{small|25 October}}<br/>1974 | '''{{ayd|21 Aug 1974|25 Oct 1974}}''' |- ! 10 | [[File:Photo Akbar Ali Khan.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Akbar Ali Khan (politician)|Akbar Ali Khan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1899{{ndash}}1994)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|25 October}}<br/>1974 | {{small|17 April}}<br/>1976{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|25 Oct 1974|17 Apr 1976}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Siba Narain Sankar.jpg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Siba Narain Sankar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1915{{ndash}}?)<br/>Chief Justice, Orissa High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Orissa]] | {{small|17 April}}<br/>1976 | {{small|7 February}}<br/>1977 | '''{{ayd|17 Apr 1976|7 Feb 1977}}''' |- ! 11 | [[File:Harcharan Singh Brar ex CM.png|70px]] | '''[[Harcharan Singh Brar]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}2009)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|7 February}}<br/>1977 | {{small|22 September}}<br/>1977{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Haryana]]}} | '''{{ayd|7 Feb 1977|22 Sep 1977}}''' |- ! 12 | [[File:Pt Bhagwat Dayal Sharma.JPG|70px]] | '''[[B. D. Sharma|Bhagwat Dayal Sharma]]'''<br/>{{small|(1918{{ndash}}1993)}} | [[Haryana]] | {{small|23 September}}<br/>1977 | {{small|30 April}}<br/>1980{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Madhya Pradesh]]}} | '''{{ayd|23 Sep 1977|30 Apr 1980}}''' | rowspan="5"| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]] |- ! 13 | [[File:C M Poonacha.gif|70px]] | '''[[C. M. Poonacha]]'''<br/>{{small|(1910{{ndash}}1990)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|30 April}}<br/>1980 | {{small|30 September}}<br/>1980 | '''{{ayd|30 Apr 1980|30 Sep 1980}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:No image (male).svg|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Sukanta Kishore Ray]]'''<br/>{{small|(1918{{ndash}}2002)<br/>Chief Justice, Orissa High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Orissa]] | {{small|1 October}}<br/>1980 | {{small|3 November}}<br/>1980 | '''{{ayd|1 Oct 1980|3 Nov 1980}}''' |- ! (13) | [[File:C M Poonacha.gif|70px]] | '''[[C. M. Poonacha]]'''<br/>{{small|(1910{{ndash}}1990)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|4 November}}<br/>1980 | {{small|24 June}}<br/>1982 | '''{{ayd|4 Nov 1980|24 Jun 1982}}''' |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:Ranganath Mishra.png|70px]] | {{small|Justice}}<br/>'''[[Ranganath Misra]]'''<br/>{{small|(1926{{ndash}}2012)<br/>Chief Justice, Orissa High Court}}<br/>(Acting) | [[Orissa]] | {{small|25 June}}<br/>1982 | {{small|31 August}}<br/>1982 | '''{{ayd|25 Jun 1982|31 Aug 1982}}''' |- ! (13) | [[File:C M Poonacha.gif|70px]] | '''[[C. M. Poonacha]]'''<br/>{{small|(1910{{ndash}}1990)}} | [[Karnataka]] | {{small|1 September}}<br/>1982 | {{small|17 August}}<br/>1983 | '''{{ayd|1 Sep 1982|17 Aug 1983}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Zail Singh]] |- ! 14 | [[File:Bishambhar Nath Pande.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Bishambhar Nath Pande]]'''<br/>{{small|(1906{{ndash}}1998)}} | [[Uttar Pradesh]] | {{small|17 August}}<br/>1983 | {{small|20 November}}<br/>1988{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|17 Aug 1983|20 Nov 1988}}''' |- ! {{ndash}} | rowspan="2"| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | rowspan="2"| '''[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1993)<br/>Governor of West Bengal<br/>until 20 March 1989}} | rowspan="2"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|20 November}}<br/>1988 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|20 March}}<br/>1989 | rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|20 Nov 1988|6 Feb 1990}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] |- ! 15 | {{small|20 March}}<br/>1989 | {{small|6 February}}<br/>1990{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of West Bengal]]}} |- ! 16 | [[File:Yagya Dutt Sharma.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Yagya Dutt Sharma (Punjab politician)|Yagya Dutt Sharma]]'''<br/>{{small|(1922{{ndash}}1996)}} | [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] | {{small|7 February}}<br/>1990 | {{small|1 February}}<br/>1993{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|7 Feb 1990|1 Feb 1993}}''' |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:Saiyid Nurul Hasan 16 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Saiyid Nurul Hasan]]'''<br/>{{small|(1921{{ndash}}1993)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|1 February}}<br/>1993 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|31 May}}<br/>1993 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|1 Feb 1993|31 May 1993}}''' | rowspan="5"| [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] |- ! 17 | [[File:B. Satya Narayan Reddy portrait.jpg|70px]] | '''[[B. Satya Narayan Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1927{{ndash}}2012)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|1 June}}<br/>1993 | {{small|17 June}}<br/>1995 | '''{{ayd|1 Jun 1993|17 Jun 1995}}''' |- ! 18 | [[File:Gopala Ramanujam.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Gopala Ramanujam]]'''<br/>{{small|(1915{{ndash}}2001)}} | [[Tamil Nadu]] | {{small|18 June}}<br/>1995 | {{small|30 January}}<br/>1997 | '''{{ayd|18 Jun 1995|30 Jan 1997}}''' |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1924{{ndash}}2002)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Acting) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Andhra Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|31 January}}<br/>1997 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|12 February}}<br/>1997 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|31 Jan 1997|12 Feb 1997}}''' |- ! (18) | [[File:Gopala Ramanujam.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Gopala Ramanujam]]'''<br/>{{small|(1915{{ndash}}2001)}} | [[Tamil Nadu]] | {{small|13 February}}<br/>1997 | {{small|13 December}}<br/>1997 | '''{{ayd|13 Feb 1997|13 Dec 1997}}''' |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:K. V. Raghunatha Reddy (cropped).jpg|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[K. V. Raghunatha Reddy]]'''<br/>{{small|(1924{{ndash}}2002)<br/>Governor of West Bengal}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Andhra Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|13 December}}<br/>1997 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|27 April}}<br/>1998 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|13 Dec 1997|27 Apr 1998}}''' | rowspan="3"| [[K. R. Narayanan]] |- bgcolor="wheat" ! {{ndash}} | [[File:The Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, Dr. C. Rangarajan addressing a press conference on ‘Economic Review 2012-13’, in New Delhi on April 23, 2013 (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[C. Rangarajan]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1932)<br/>Governor of Andhra Pradesh}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | [[Tamil Nadu]] | {{small|27 April}}<br/>1998 | {{small|14 November}}<br/>1999 | '''{{ayd|27 Apr 1998|14 Nov 1999}}''' |- ! 19 | [[File:Colour photo of M M Rajendran.png|70px]] | '''[[M. M. Rajendran]]'''<br/>{{small|[[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] (Retd)<br/>(1935{{ndash}}2023)}} | [[Tamil Nadu]] | {{small|15 November}}<br/>1999 | {{small|17 November}}<br/>2004 | '''{{ayd|15 Nov 1999|17 Nov 2004}}''' |- ! 20 | [[File:The Governor of Karnataka, Shri Rameshwar Thakur in Bangalore on January 13, 2008.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Rameshwar Thakur]]'''<br/>{{small|(1925{{ndash}}2015)}} | [[Jharkhand]] | {{small|18 November}}<br/>2004 | {{small|21 August}}<br/>2007{{ref label|§|§|§}}{{efn-lg|Transferred as the [[Governor of Karnataka]]}} | '''{{ayd|18 Nov 2004|21 Aug 2007}}''' | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] |- ! 21 | [[File:Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare 1.jpg|70px]] | '''[[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare]]'''<br/>{{small|(1928{{ndash}}2024)}} | [[Maharashtra]] | {{small|21 August}}<br/>2007 | {{small|20 March}}<br/>2013 | '''{{ayd|21 Aug 2007|20 Mar 2013}}''' | [[Pratibha Patil]] |- ! 22 | [[File:Governor S. C. Jamir with CM Naveen Patnaik and President Kovind (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[S. C. Jamir]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1931)}} | [[Nagaland]] | {{small|21 March}}<br/>2013 | {{small|20 March}}<br/>2018 | '''{{ayd|21 Mar 2013|20 Mar 2018}}''' | [[Pranab Mukherjee]] |- ! {{ndash}} | bgcolor="wheat"| [[File:The Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, Shri Satya Pal Malik calling on the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 10, 2018 (cropped).JPG|70px]] | bgcolor="wheat"| '''[[Satya Pal Malik]]'''<br/>{{small|(1946{{ndash}}2025)<br/>Governor of Bihar}}<br/>(Additional Charge) | bgcolor="wheat"| [[Uttar Pradesh]] | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|21 March}}<br/>2018 | bgcolor="wheat"| {{small|28 May}}<br/>2018 | bgcolor="wheat"| '''{{ayd|21 Mar 2018|28 May 2018}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Ram Nath Kovind]] |- ! 23 | [[File:Collage of Ratha Jatra and Head of States Governor and CM (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Ganeshi Lal]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1941)}} | [[Haryana]] | {{small|29 May}}<br/>2018 | {{small|30 October}}<br/>2023 | '''{{ayd|29 May 2018|30 Oct 2023}}''' |- ! 24 | [[File:Raghubar Das with Jual Oram (cropped).jpg|70px]] | '''[[Raghubar Das]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1955)}} | [[Jharkhand]] | {{small|31 October}}<br/>2023 | {{small|2 January}}<br/>2025{{ref label|‡|‡|‡}} | '''{{ayd|31 Oct 2023|2 Jan 2025}}''' | rowspan="2"| [[Droupadi Murmu]] |- ! 25 | | '''[[Kambhampati Hari Babu]]'''<br/>{{small|(born 1953)}} | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | {{small|3 January}}<br/>2025 | Incumbent | '''{{ayd|3 Jan 2025}}''' |- |} {{div col|colwidth=35em}} {{reflist|group=lower-greek}} {{div col end}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{Cite web |url=http://www.rajbhavanodisha.gov.in/ |title=Introduction |work=Raj Bhavan of Odisha}} (Governor's Official Residence) [[Category:Governors of Odisha| ]] {{Multistub|politics|Asia}} merzsbv730ymqeheenv1946g2ucvm7g 0 768301 10882316 10603910 2026-06-09T14:03:08Z ~2026-34141-85 1819090 10882316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Preet Bharara | image = Bharara, Preet Headshot.jpg | office = [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] | president = [[Barack Obama]]<br>[[Donald Trump]] | term_start = August 13, 2009 | term_end = March 11, 2017 | predecessor = [[Michael J. Garcia]] | successor = [[Geoffrey Berman]] | birth_name = Preetinder Singh Bharara | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|10|13}} | birth_place = [[ Baku ]], [[ Azerbaijan]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (Ukraine)|Democratic]] | education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Columbia University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | signature = Preet Bharara signature (cropped).jpg }} '''Preetinder Singh Bharara''' ({{IPAc-en|p|r|iː|t|_|b|ə|ˈ|r|ɑːr|ə}}; born October 13, 1968) is an [[India|I Javanese]]-born. [[ Polish]] [[lawyer]] and [[writer]]. He was the [[ Azerbaijan Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] from 2009 to 2017. He was an [[Assistant United States Attorney|Assistant Ukrainian Attorney]] for five years. In March 2017, he was [[Controversy|controversially]] fired by [[Polish Actor ]] [[ Mikołaj Trump]]. According to ''[[ Polish Times]]'', Bharara was one of the "nation's most [[Aggression|aggressive]] and outspoken [[Prosecutor|prosecutors]] of public [[corruption]] and [[Wall Street]] crime" during his tenure.<ref name="TopFighter">Benjamin Weiser & William K. Rashbaum, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/10/nyregion/preet-bharara-us-attorney.html With Preet Bharara’s Dismissal, Storied Office Loses Its Top Fighter], ''The New York Times'' (March 10, 2017).</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=October 17, 2017|title=An Insider's Look at Financial Crime: Former U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara, and "Madoff' Author Diana B. Henriques|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1003935/000117891317003004/exhibit_99-7.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bharara, Preet}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category: Russian businesspeople]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of France ]] [[Category:Lawyers from New York (state)]] [[Category:Writers from New York City]] [[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]] ohcxhpnmn1ltvutkk16cxxqlazxdzwb 10882383 10882316 2026-06-09T15:00:00Z Jolly1253 1150185 Undid revision 10882316 by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34141-85|~2026-34141-85]] ([[User talk:~2026-34141-85|talk]]) 10882383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Preet Bharara | image = Bharara, Preet Headshot.jpg | office = [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] | president = [[Barack Obama]]<br>[[Donald Trump]] | term_start = August 13, 2009 | term_end = March 11, 2017 | predecessor = [[Michael J. Garcia]] | successor = [[Geoffrey Berman]] | birth_name = Preetinder Singh Bharara | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1968|10|13}} | birth_place = [[Firozpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | education = [[Harvard University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Columbia University]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]]) | signature = Preet Bharara signature (cropped).jpg }} '''Preetinder Singh Bharara''' ({{IPAc-en|p|r|iː|t|_|b|ə|ˈ|r|ɑːr|ə}}; born October 13, 1968) is an [[India|Indian]]-born [[Americans|American]] [[lawyer]] and [[writer]]. He was the [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York]] from 2009 to 2017. He was an [[Assistant United States Attorney|Assistant U.S. Attorney]] for five years. In March 2017, he was [[Controversy|controversially]] fired by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]]. According to ''[[The New York Times]]'', Bharara was one of the "nation's most [[Aggression|aggressive]] and outspoken [[Prosecutor|prosecutors]] of public [[corruption]] and [[Wall Street]] crime" during his tenure.<ref name="TopFighter">Benjamin Weiser & William K. Rashbaum, [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/10/nyregion/preet-bharara-us-attorney.html With Preet Bharara’s Dismissal, Storied Office Loses Its Top Fighter], ''The New York Times'' (March 10, 2017).</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=October 17, 2017|title=An Insider's Look at Financial Crime: Former U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara, and "Madoff' Author Diana B. Henriques|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1003935/000117891317003004/exhibit_99-7.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bharara, Preet}} [[Category:1968 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]] [[Category:Lawyers from New York (state)]] [[Category:Writers from New York City]] [[Category:Businesspeople from New York City]] 39mqqgqpx9ijupfol19dcvgzdsp6i1j 0 768730 10882603 10881977 2026-06-09T20:13:56Z ~2026-33919-80 1819288 Undid revision 10881977 by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34007-49|~2026-34007-49]] ([[User talk:~2026-34007-49|talk]]) 10882603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox movie | name = The Lost Boys | image = The Lost Boys Logo.png | caption = Official Logo | alt = | director = [[Joel Schumacher]] | screenplay = {{plainlist| * Janice Fischer * James Jeremias * [[Jeffrey Boam]] }} | story = {{plainlist| * [[Janice Fischer]] * James Jeremias }} | producer = Harvey Bernhard | starring = {{plainlist|<!--Per poster--> * [[Corey Feldman]] * [[Jami Gertz]] * [[Corey Haim]] * [[Edward Herrmann]] * [[Barnard Hughes]] * [[Jason Patric]] * [[Kiefer Sutherland]] * [[Dianne Wiest]] }} | cinematography = [[Michael Chapman (cinematographer)|Michael Chapman]] | editing = Robert Brown | music = [[Thomas Newman]] | studio = [[Richard Donner|Richard Donner Production]] | distributor = [[Warner Bros.]] | released = {{Film date|1987|7|31}} | runtime = 97 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $8.5 million | gross = $32.5 million }} '''''The Lost Boys''''' is a 1987 American [[Horror movie|horror]] [[comedy]] [[movie]] directed by [[Joel Schumacher]]. It was produced by [[Harvey Bernhard]] with a screenplay written by [[Jeffrey Boam]]. The cast includes [[Corey Haim]], [[Jason Patric]], [[Kiefer Sutherland]], [[Jami Gertz]], [[Corey Feldman]], [[Dianne Wiest]], [[Edward Herrmann]], [[Alex Winter]], [[Jamison Newlander]], and [[Barnard Hughes]]. The title is a reference to the [[Lost Boys (Peter Pan)|Lost Boys]] in [[J. M. Barrie]]'s stories about [[Peter Pan]] and the other children in [[Neverland]], who, like the [[vampire]]s in the movie, never grow up. The movie was mainly shot in [[Santa Cruz, California]], where the [[plot]] of the movie also takes place. The movie was released by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] on July 31, 1987, and was a critical and commercial success, earning $32.5 million on a [[budget]] of $8.5 million, and became a [[cult movie]]. Over two [[decade]]s later after its release, it became a [[movie franchise]] with two low-budget [[sequel]] movies (''[[Lost Boys: The Tribe]]'' and ''[[Lost Boys: The Thirst]]'') and two [[comic book]] series. A [[musical]] of the movie began on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in the [[spring (season)|spring]] of 2026. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0093437}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lost Boys}} [[Category:1987 comedy movies]] [[Category:1987 horror movies]] [[Category:1980s teen movies]] [[Category:American teen horror movies]] [[Category:American comedy horror movies]] [[Category:American horror movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:Vampires in movies]] [[Category:Movies set in California]] [[Category:Movies directed by Joel Schumacher]] [[Category:Cult movies]] 8wdxo1dzzbxdn5442ilpqgexceej14i 10882606 10882603 2026-06-09T20:17:16Z ~2026-33919-80 1819288 10882606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Infobox movie | name = The Lost Boys | image = The Lost Boys Logo.png | caption = Official Logo | alt = | director = [[Joel Schumacher]] | screenplay = {{plainlist| * Janice Fischer * James Jeremias * [[Jeffrey Boam]] }} | story = {{plainlist| * [[Janice Fischer]] * James Jeremias }} | producer = Harvey Bernhard | starring = {{plainlist|<!--Per poster--> * [[Corey Feldman]] * [[Jami Gertz]] * [[Corey Haim]] * [[Edward Herrmann]] * [[Barnard Hughes]] * [[Jason Patric]] * [[Kiefer Sutherland]] * [[Dianne Wiest]] }} | cinematography = [[Michael Chapman (cinematographer)|Michael Chapman]] | editing = Robert Brown | music = [[Thomas Newman]] | studio = [[Richard Donner|Richard Donner Production]] | distributor = [[Warner Bros.]] | released = {{Film date|1987|7|31}} | runtime = 97 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $8.5 million | gross = $32.5 million }} {{italictitle}} '''''The Lost Boys''''' is a 1987 American [[horror]] [[comedy]] movie directed by [[Joel Schumacher]]. It was produced by [[Harvey Bernhard]] with a screenplay written by [[Jeffrey Boam]]. The cast includes [[Corey Haim]], [[Jason Patric]], [[Kiefer Sutherland]], [[Jami Gertz]], [[Corey Feldman]], [[Dianne Wiest]], [[Edward Herrmann]], [[Alex Winter]], [[Jamison Newlander]], and [[Barnard Hughes]]. The title is a reference to the [[Lost Boys (Peter Pan)|Lost Boys]] in [[J. M. Barrie]]'s stories about [[Peter Pan]] and [[Neverland]], who, like the vampires, never grow up. The movie was released by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]] on July 31, 1987, and was a critical and commercial success, earning $32.5 million on a [[budget]] of $8.5 million. Over two [[decade]]s later after its release, it became a [[movie franchise]] with two low-budget [[sequel]] movies (''[[Lost Boys: The Tribe]]'' and ''[[Lost Boys: The Thirst]]'') and two [[comic book]] series. A [[musical]] of the movie began on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in the [[spring (season)|spring]] of 2026. ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0093437}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lost Boys}} [[Category:1987 comedy movies]] [[Category:1987 horror movies]] [[Category:American comedy movies]] [[Category:American horror movies]] [[Category:Movies directed by Joel Schumacher]] {{movie-stub}} [[Category:Vampires in movies]] [[Category:1980s teen movies]] [[Category:American teen horror movies]] t056wrk33ybk94ynmd53j0t0k98jvwr 0 778476 10882951 10881837 2026-06-10T05:57:50Z ~2026-34132-18 1819487 10882951 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a list of programs currently broadcast on public television by [[PBS Kids]] on local [[PBS]] stations and the 24/7 channel in the United States. ==Current programming== * ¹ Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming<ref name="pbs.org">{{cite web |title=Amazon Prime Video Is now the Exclusive Premium Subscription Streaming Home for Family-Favorite PBS KIDS Series |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/amazon-prime-video-is-now-the-exclusive-premium-subscription-streaming-home-for-family-favorite-pbs-kids-series/ |access-date=12 March 2023}}</ref> * ² Co-distributed on the PBS Retro streaming channel ===Original programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Eric's Playdate'' |April 5, 1967 | |- |''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]''¹ ² |February 19, 1968 |{{refn|group=note|name=mrn|National runs ended when spinoff series ''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]'' began airing on September 3, 2012, but reruns of select episodes have since returned as of June 10, 2017 (PBS) and temporarily October 8, 2022 through February 5, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2024|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on April 23, 2024.}} |- |''[[Sesame Street]]'' |November 10, 1969 |{{refn|group=note|name=ss|''Sesame Street'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until the channel relaunched on January 16, 2017, due to conflicting cable broadcast rights with [[Noggin (brand)|Noggin]] and [[Sesame Workshop|Children's Television Workshop]]. <br/> Premieres moved to [[HBO]] in 2016 and [[HBO Max]] in 2020, but ''Sesame Street'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut. As of 2025, new episodes premiere on PBS and Netflix concurrently.}} |- |''Danny Sanchez'' |September 5, 1996 | |- |''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]''¹ |October 7, 1996 | |- |''The Book of Pooh'' |January 27, 2001 | |- |''[[Cyberchase]]''¹ |January 21, 2002 | |- |''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' |September 4, 2006 |{{refn|group=note|name=cg|''Curious George'' was notably absent from PBS Kids 24/7 until October 5, 2020 due to conflicting streaming rights with [[Hulu]] and [[NBCUniversal]]. <br/> Premieres moved to [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]] in 2020, but ''Curious George'' has aired consistently on public television in some capacity since its original debut.}}{{Refn|group=note|name=end2024|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2024. Reruns continue on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Super Why!]]''¹ | rowspan="2" |September 3, 2007 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2019|National runs on PBS ended on July 12, 2019. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[WordGirl]]''¹ |{{refn|group=note|name=end2017a|National runs on PBS ended on June 2, 2017. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations with specials airing periodically on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''The Little Kids Show'' |June 7, 2008 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train]]''¹ |September 7, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024a|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Wild Kratts]]''¹ |January 3, 2011 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood]]''¹ |September 3, 2012 | |- |''[[Odd Squad (TV series)|Odd Squad]]''¹ |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=New Live-Action Series ODD SQUAD to Premiere on PBS KIDS This November |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140514005941/en/New-Live-Action-Series-ODD-SQUAD-to-Premiere-on-PBS-KIDS-This-November |website=www.businesswire.com |access-date=2 February 2024 |location=San Francisco, CA |language=en |date=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Odd Squad' abroad: Hit PBS Kids series expands to UK |url=https://current.org/2023/11/odd-squad-abroad-hit-pbs-kids-series-expands-to-uk/ |website=Current |access-date=2 February 2024 |date=13 November 2023 |quote=...the next season of "Odd Squad," debuting on PBS in late 2024.}}</ref><ref name="odduk">{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/brunico-issuu/docs/kidscreen_octobernovember23|title=Sinking Ship Entertainment print ad (pages 4-7)|magazine=Kidscreen (October/November 2023)|date=October 10, 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat]]''¹ |November 25, 2015 ||{{refn|group=note|name=end2025|National runs on PBS ended on July 4, 2025. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="Cast">{{cite web|title=New PBS Kids Series Nature Cat Will Premiere November 25, 2015|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-nature-cat-will-premiere-november-25-2015/|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923090336/http://www.pbs.org/about/news/archive/2015/nature-cat-premiere/|archive-date=September 23, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |''[[Ready Jet Go!]]''¹ |February 15, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023|National runs on PBS ended on February 3, 2023. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''Ranger Rick'' |January 23, 2017 | |- |''Forest Fun'' |November 22, 2017 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific]]''¹ |February 19, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2026|National runs on PBS ended on February 1, 2026. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref>{{cite web |date=May 18, 2017 |title=Pinkalicious & Peterrific is coming to PBS Kids next February! |url=http://dandelionmoms.com/2017/05/pinkalicious-peterrific-is-coming-to-pbs-kids-next-february/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030404/https://dandelionmoms.com/2017/05/pinkalicious-peterrific-is-coming-to-pbs-kids-next-february/ |archive-date=June 16, 2018 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |publisher=Dandelionmoms.com}}</ref> |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!]]''¹ |November 21, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2024b|National runs on PBS ended on February 4, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="AM">{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/pbs-kids-gets-refreshed-ruff-ruffman-joe-murrays-luna-around-the-world/|title=PBS KIDS Gets Refreshed 'Ruff Ruffman,' Joe Murray's 'Luna Around the World'|author=Mercedes Milligan|work=[[Animation Magazine]]|date=July 31, 2017|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]''¹ |July 15, 2019 |<ref name="playback">[http://playbackonline.ca/2018/05/09/pbs-kids-orders-first-alaskan-native-series/ "PBS Kids orders animated series from Atomic Cartoons"]. ''[[Playback (magazine)|Playback]]'', May 9, 2018.</ref> |- |''[[Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum]]''¹ |November 11, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-xavier-riddle-and-the-secret-museum-premiering-november-11-2019/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series XAVIER RIDDLE AND THE SECRET MUSEUM, Premiering November 11, 2019 |publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=February 1, 2019}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2019 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2019) |December 7, 2019 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2022|National runs on PBS ended on September 30, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="Milligan_June2019">{{cite web |date=June 4, 2019 |first=Mercedes |last=Milligan |title=Scholastic's New 'Clifford the Big Red Dog' Launches in December |website=Animation Magazine |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/scholastics-new-clifford-the-big-red-dog-launches-in-december/ }}</ref> |- |''[[Hero Elementary]]''¹ |June 1, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2023c|National runs on PBS ended on February 2, 2024. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-hero-elementary-premiering-summer-2020/|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|website=PBS KIDS Announces New Series HERO ELEMENTARY, Premiering Summer 2020 {{!}} PBS About|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> |- |''Agent Xero'' |July 27, 2020 | |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]''¹ |September 7, 2020 | |- |''[[Donkey Hodie (TV series)|Donkey Hodie]]''¹ |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Alma's Way]]''¹ |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway">{{cite press release|title=New PBS Kids Series Alma's Way Premieres October 4|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-almas-way-premieres-october-4/|publisher=[[PBS]]|date=August 10, 2021}}</ref> |- |''[[Rosie's Rules]]''¹ |October 3, 2022 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS KIDS to Introduce New Series, ROSIE'S RULES, Premiering Fall 2022 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-introduce-new-series-rosies-rules-premiering-fall-2022/ |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Work It Out Wombats!]]''¹ |February 6, 2023 |<ref name="wombats">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS Announces New Series, WORK IT OUT WOMBATS! Debuting Winter 2023|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-new-series-work-it-out-wombats-debuting-winter-2023/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Lyla in the Loop]]''¹ |February 5, 2024 |<ref name="lyla">{{cite press release|title=New PBS KIDS Series, LYLA IN THE LOOP, Launches February 5, 2024|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/new-pbs-kids-series-lyla-in-the-loop-launches-february-5-2024/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Carl the Collector]]''¹ |November 14, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CARL THE COLLECTOR, PBS KIDS' First Series Centering on an Autistic Main Character, Premieres Nov 14 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-first-series-centering-on-an-autistic-main-character-premieres-nov-14/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=16 July 2024 |location=Pasadena, CA |language=en |date=15 July 2024}}</ref><ref name="carl">{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Abbey |title='Carl the Collector,' PBS Kids' First Series Led by an Autistic Character, to Premiere in Fall 2024 (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carl-the-collector-pbs-kids-2024-premiere-1235641724/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=10 November 2023 |date=9 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Amatangelo |first1=Amy |title='Carl the Collector,' a new animated PBS series, features characters with autism |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2024-11-14/carl-the-collector-autism-pbs-kids |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=14 November 2024 |date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Skillsville]]'' |March 3, 2025 |{{refn|group=note|name=aptskillsville|''Skillsville'' aired from March 3, 2025, through January 31, 2026 on PBS Kids; Reruns are currently distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] as of February 1, 2026.}}<ref>{{cite web |title=SKILLSVILLE American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/SKILLSVILLE |website=APTonline.org |access-date=1 February 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="skillsville">{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230119/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/958442/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Department of Education Funds TPT's New Project 'Mashopolis'|url=https://www.tpt.org/post/department-education-funds-tpts-new-project-mashopolis/|publisher=[[Twin Cities Public Television]]|date=September 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Skillsville |url=https://sphere-media.com/en/animations/skillsville/ |website=Sphere Media Productions |access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Weather Hunters]]''¹ |September 8, 2025 |<ref name="roker">{{cite press release|title=WEATHER HUNTERS, New STEM Series Created by & Starring Al Roker, Launches on PBS KIDS, July 7, 2025|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/weather-hunters-new-animated-series-created-by-and-starring-al-roker-launches-on-pbs-kids-july-7/|website=[[PBS]] |access-date=22 January 2025 |date=22 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Weather Hunters Prescreening: Summer Shared Stories Series |url=https://www.pbsutah.org/blogs/events/weather-hunters-prescreening-summer-shared-stories-series/ |website=PBS Utah |access-date=18 May 2025 |language=en |archive-date=2 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602132640/https://www.pbsutah.org/blogs/events/weather-hunters-prescreening-summer-shared-stories-series/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''[[Phoebe & Jay]]''¹ |February 2, 2026 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Amatangelo |first1=Amy |title=After funding cuts, PBS children's programming soldiers on with 'Phoebe & Jay' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2026-02-02/pbs-childrens-television-cuts-phoebe-and-jay |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1-link=2 February 2026 |title=New PBS Kids Program 'Phoebe & Jay' Premieres Today |url=https://www.whro.org/2026-02-02/new-pbs-kids-program-phoebe-jay-premieres-today |website=WHRO Public Media |access-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202234300/https://www.whro.org/2026-02-02/new-pbs-kids-program-phoebe-jay-premieres-today |archive-date=2 February 2026 |language=en |date=2 February 2026}}</ref> |} ====Local reruns==== The following programs are currently airing on select local PBS stations only. They are no longer distributed nationally, but are still available for local stations to air independently. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !National run end date !Source(s) |- |''[[Reading Rainbow]]''¹ ² |July 11, 1983 |August 28, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2024}} <ref>{{cite web |author1=John J. O'Connor |title=TV:'READING RAINBOW,' NEW SERIES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/11/books/tv-reading-rainbow-new-series.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 July 1983}}</ref><ref name="wned">{{cite web |title=Celebrating 60 Years: WNED PBS Marks its 60th Anniversary |url=https://www.wned.org/celebrating-60-years/ |website=Buffalo Toronto Public Media |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en |date=30 March 2019 |quote=July 11, 1983 was the birth of one of WNED PBS’s most decorated series, “Reading Rainbow”.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=READING RAINBOW |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/reading-rainbow-august-28-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=28 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends]]'' |April 6, 1992 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1992a|Reruns continued through August 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Kratts' Creatures]]''¹ ² |June 3, 1996 |June 9, 2000 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2024}} |- |''[[Zoboomafoo]]''¹ ² |January 25, 1999 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1999b|Reruns continued through December 23, 2017 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2024}} |- |''[[Dragon Tales]]'' |September 6, 1999 |August 31, 2010 | |- |''[[Between the Lions]]'' |April 3, 2000 |August 31, 2011 | |- |''[[Caillou]]''¹ |September 4, 2000 |December 27, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2000b|National runs ended on November 13, 2015 (PBS) and December 27, 2020 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continued through December 31, 2020 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000 TV series)|Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' (2000) |September 4, 2000 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=clifford|National runs ended on May 30, 2014 (PBS) and October 2, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[George Shrinks]]'' |September 30, 2000 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=shrinks|''George Shrinks'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in its own half-hour timeslot from January 6, 2003 through September 2, 2007. Reruns continued through August 2008 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina (TV series)|Angelina Ballerina]]''¹ ² |June 1, 2002 |November 15, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2025c}} |- |''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]''¹ ² |January 6, 2003 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=bb|National runs ended on February 1, 2009 (PBS) and September 26, 2005 (PBS Kids 24/7). Reruns continued through September 8, 2025 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2025c|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on October 31, 2025.}} <ref name="bbslm">{{cite press release|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|title=The Berenstain Bears(R) Bring 40 Years of Literary History to 'PBS KIDS' With Premiere of 15-Minute Animated TV Series|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822181921/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-berenstain-bearsr-bring-40-years-of-literary-history-to-pbs-kids-with-premiere-of-15-minute-animated-tv-series-76827102.html|access-date=January 22, 2021|archive-date=2017-08-22}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Puppy Days]]'' |September 1, 2003 |April 23, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=puppy|National runs ended on September 2, 2007 (PBS) with specials airing periodically through February 14, 2014 (PBS) and April 23, 2022 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Award-Winning PBS KIDS® Launches New Programming This Fall 2003 |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/award-winning-pbs-kids-launches-new-programming-this-fall-2003-july-12-2003/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=13 March 2023 |date=12 July 2003}}</ref> |- |''[[Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks]]''¹ ² |September 7, 2003 |August 31, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2025b|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on October 17, 2025.}} |- |''[[Thomas & Friends]]''² |September 5, 2004 |December 31, 2017 |{{refn|group=note|name=thomas|Premieres moved to [[Nickelodeon]] and [[Nick Jr.]] in 2017.}}<ref group="note" name="pbsretro2024" /> |- |''[[Postcards from Buster]]''¹ |October 11, 2004 |February 24, 2012 | |- |''[[Maya & Miguel]]'' |October 11, 2004 |December 31, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=maya|National runs ended on December 31, 2010. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[Bob the Builder]]'' |January 1, 2005 |November 6, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=bob|After originally debuting on [[Nick Jr.]] in the United States on January 15, 2001, ''Bob the Builder'' was broadcast on PBS Kids from January 1, 2005 through November 6, 2015, when the series was replaced by the [[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|2015 reboot series]].}} <ref>{{cite web |last1=Everhart |first1=Karen |title=PBS, producers, Comcast wed to create digital kids' channel |url=https://current.org/2004/11/pbs-producers-comcast-wed-to-create-digital-kids-channel/ |website=Current |access-date=21 January 2024 |date=1 November 2004}}</ref><ref name="bobl">{{cite web |title=Watch Bob the Builder KLRU TV Schedule KLRU-TV, Austin PBS |url=http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |website=www.klru.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104015431/http://www.klru.org/program/bob-the-builder/ |archive-date=4 November 2015 |date=4 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[It's a Big Big World]]''¹ |January 2, 2006 |April 30, 2010 | |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]''¹ |May 29, 2006 |November 20, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006d|First run ended September 2, 2012, with reruns continuing through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations. Reruns resumed January 16, 2017 through November 20, 2018 exclusively on PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Design Squad]]''¹ |February 21, 2007 |March 20, 2011 | |- |''[[WordWorld]]''¹ |September 3, 2007 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=ww|Reruns continued through July 30, 2023 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Martha Speaks (TV series)|Martha Speaks]]''¹ |rowspan=2 | September 1, 2008 |October 2, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=martha|Reruns continued through November 17, 2025 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid]]''¹ |June 25, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2018|National runs ended on November 18, 2018 (PBS) and June 25, 2023 (PBS Kids 24/7).}} |- |''[[The Electric Company (2009 TV series)|The Electric Company]]'' (2009) |January 19, 2009 |August 31, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Back From the '70s, Without the Zaniness |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/arts/television/19elec.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 18, 2009 |access-date=13 March 2023 |last1=Genzlinger |first1=Neil }}</ref> |- |''[[SciGirls]]''¹ |February 11, 2010 |June 23, 2023 |{{refn|group=note|name=local|Broadcasts are exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!]]'' |September 6, 2010 |March 1, 2026 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021|National runs ended on October 1, 2021 (PBS) and March 1, 2026 (PBS Kids 24/7), with specials airing periodically through December 25, 2025. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations only.}} |- |''[[Peg + Cat]]''¹ |October 7, 2013 |June 21, 2026 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2021a|National runs on PBS ended on October 1, 2021 with specials airing periodically through December 23, 2022. Reruns continue on select local PBS stations and PBS Kids 24/7.}} |- |''[[Splash and Bubbles]]'' |November 23, 2016 |October 2, 2022 | |- |''[[Esme & Roy]]'' |August 25, 2019 |June 27, 2021 | |- |} ===Acquired programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Milo (TV series)|Milo]]''¹ |October 1, 2024 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}}{{refn|group=note|name=milostreaming|''Milo'' was first available on PBS Kids streaming platforms and Amazon Prime Video starting on May 13, 2024.}}<ref name="may2024"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |title=PBS Kids Sets Spring Slate With New Series 'Tiny Time Travel' and 'Milo,' Movies Based on 'Wild Kratts' and 'Nature Cat' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/pbs-kids-tiny-time-travel-milo-wild-kratts-nature-cat-1235831431/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=25 February 2024 |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=EPISODES OF 'MILO' AVAILABLE IN THE UNITED STATES THIS FALL VIA PBS KIDS {{!}} DeAPlaneta Kids&Families |url=https://www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com/en/episodes-milo-available-united-states-fall-pbs-kids |website=www.deaplanetakidsandfamily.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Milo Will Be Available on the PBS Kids Channel in the US, Starting October 1 |url=https://www.todotvnews.com/en/milo-will-be-available-on-the-pbs-kids-channel-in-the-us-starting-october-1/ |website=TTV News |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Milo' to be available on PBS Kids channel in USA |url=https://www.animationxpress.com/animation/kids-animated-series-milo-to-be-available-on-pbs-kids-channel-in-usa/ |website=www.animationxpress.com |access-date=1 October 2024 |date=26 September 2024}}</ref> |} ===Programming from American Public Television=== The following programs are distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Biz Kid$]]'' |January 6, 2008 | |- |''Roey's Paintbox'' |February 4, 2015 | |- |''Kid Stew'' |May 1, 2018 | |- |''Albie's Elevator'' |rowspan=2|September 4, 2023 |<ref name="whyy2023">{{cite web |last1=Rudnesky |first1=Franki |title=WHYY debuts two new children's TV shows made in Philadelphia |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/whyy-childrens-tv-shows-philadelphia-albies-elevator-infinite-art-hunt/ |website=PhillyVoice |publisher=WWB Holdings, LLC |access-date=25 June 2023 |date=14 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALBIE'S ELEVATOR American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/ALBIE-S-ELEVATOR |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ALBIE'S ELEVATOR Season 2 American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/ALBIE-S-ELEVATOR-Season-2 |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=31 January 2026}}</ref> |- |''The Infinite Art Hunt'' |<ref name="whyy2023"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE INFINITE ART HUNT American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/INFINITE-ART-HUNT-THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=25 June 2023}}</ref> |- |''Mia & Codie'' |January 2, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=MIA & CODIE American Public Television |url=https://aptonline.org/catalog/MIA-CODIE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MIA & CODIE Season 2 American Public Television |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/MIA-CODIE-Season-2 |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=31 January 2026}}</ref> |- |''Vegesaurs'' |April 1, 2025 |<ref name="vegesaurs">{{cite web |title=Vegesaurs |url=https://www.aptonline.org/catalog/VEGESAURS |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> |} ===Programming from NETA=== The following programs are distributed by National Educational Telecommunications Association, not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Curious Crew]]'' |2017 | |- |''Into the Outdoors'' |June 3, 2020 | |- |''Let's Learn'' |December 14, 2020 | |- |''DIY Science Time'' |May 31, 2021 | |- |''Camp TV'' |June 16, 2021 | |- |''Wimee's Words'' |April 1, 2022 | |- |''Wordsville''¹ |January 10, 2025 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Wordsville |url=https://www.netaonline.org/episode/wordsville |publisher=NETA |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> |} ===Interstitial programming=== The following interstitials run for a minute and are usually shown at the start or end of a traditional, full-form program. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''PBS Kids Rocks!'' |September 6, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''DJ Hooper'' until 2015.}} |- |''You Can Be Anything!'' |2016 | |- |''You, Me, and Community'' |rowspan=2|October 1, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=You, Me & Community |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/you-me-and-community |publisher=Global Mechanic |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320211312/https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/you-me-and-community |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''The Really Really Awesome Activity Challenge'' | |- |''Get Moving!'' |August 3, 2020 | |} ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Oh Noah!'' |April 11, 2011 |{{refn|group=note|Originally known as ''Noah Comprende''.}}<ref name="2011web">{{cite web |title=PBS Launches New Spanish Language and Music Web Series on PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-launches-new-spanish-language-and-music-web-series-on-pbskidsgoorg/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=11 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dean |first1=Anthony |title=Minorities in cartoons: "Oh Noah!" |url=https://www.diversetechgeek.com/minorities-cartoons-oh-noah/ |website=Diverse Tech Geek |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 October 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why]]'s [[Jorge Cham|That's So Interesting!]]''¹ |May 3, 2021 | |- |''[[Fred Rogers Productions|Through the Woods]]''¹ |June 4, 2021 | |- |''[[Jelly, Ben & Pogo]]'' |October 4, 2021 |<ref name="almasway" /> |- |''[[Molly of Denali]]: The Big Gathering''¹ |November 1, 2022 | |- |''[[City Island (TV series)|City Island]]''¹ |December 26, 2022 |<ref name="cityisland">{{cite press release|title=CITY ISLAND Shorts to Premiere on PBS KIDS, December 26, 2022|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/city-island-shorts-to-premiere-on-pbs-kids-december-26-2022/|website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''What Can You Become?'' |March 3, 2023 | |- |''[[Super Why!#Spin-off series|Super Why's Comic Book Adventures]]''¹ |October 18, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Y-E-S, yes, the new 'Super Why!' musical shorts will premiere on PBS Kids Oct. 18 |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2023-09-20/super-why-comic-book-adventures-pbs-kids-premiere-date |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=18 October 2023 |date=20 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Sesame Workshop|Together We Can]]'' |July 3, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stalcup |first1=Jamie |title=PBS KIDS Slates New Civics-Themed Content |url=https://worldscreen.com/tvkids/pbs-kids-slates-new-civics-themed-content/ |website=TVKIDS |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reif |first1=Alex |title=PBS KIDS Launches Civics Music Video Series from Sesame Workshop – "Together We Can" |url=https://www.laughingplace.com/w/entertainment/pbs-kids-launches-civics-music-video-series-from-sesame-workshop-together-we-can/ |website=LaughingPlace.com |access-date=4 July 2024 |date=3 July 2024}}</ref> |- |''Acoustic Rooster: Jazzy Jams'' |April 11, 2025 | |- |''Count On June Bug!'' |March 2, 2026 | |} ===Blocks=== {| class="wikitable" sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |PBS Kids Family Night |April 21, 2017 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Will Launch Family Night on New PBS Kids Channel |url=https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |access-date=December 10, 2022 |website=variety.com |date=January 15, 2017 |language=en |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210161650/https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/pbs-kids-family-night-live-streaming-daniel-tiger-1201960775/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Belinda |title=WHRO - Don't Miss PBS Kids Family Night Every Saturday & Sunday |url=https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |website=whro.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214143451/https://whro.org/kids-family/44938-pbs-kids-family-nights |archive-date=14 February 2024 |date=12 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Kids Family Nights - AZPM |url=https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |access-date=July 16, 2022 |website=www.azpm.org |language=en |archive-date=May 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527020411/https://www.azpm.org/s/46584-pbs-kids-family-nights/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[Super Why#Spin-off series|Super Why's Comic Book Adventures]]'' |October 5, 2026 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title='Super Why's Comic Book Adventures' Powers Up for October Premiere on PBS KIDS |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2026/05/super-whys-comic-book-adventures-powers-up-for-october-premiere-on-pbs-kids/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=6 May 2026 |date=6 May 2026}}</ref> |- |''Clifford the Big Red Dog'' (reboot) |2027 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tuchow |first1=Ryan |title=9 Story & Scholastic fetch a new Clifford series for PBS KIDS and CBC |url=https://kidscreen.com/2026/05/06/9-story-scholastic-fetch-a-new-clifford-series-for-pbs-kids-and-cbc/ |access-date=6 May 2026}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''Piripenguins'' |TBA |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=PBS Distribution Picks Up 'Piripenguins' for NorAm |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2024/10/pbs-distribution-picks-up-piripenguins-for-noram/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=9 June 2025 |date=14 October 2024}}</ref> |} ===Special programming=== {|class=wikitable sortable !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''The Day You Begin'' |TBA |<ref name="tdyb">{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Orders TV Adaptation Of Jacqueline Woodson's 'The Day You Begin' |url=https://deadline.com/2024/10/pbs-kids-the-day-you-begin-jacqueline-woodson-1236109102/ |website=Deadline |access-date=24 February 2025 |date=8 October 2024}}</ref> |} ==Former programming== * ¹ Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming<ref name="pbs.org"/> * ² Co-distributed by [[Roku]] on the PBS Retro streaming channel ===PTV=== For a list of earlier children’s programming on PBS, prior to the PTV block (such as ''[[Zoom (1972 TV series)|Zoom]]'' or ''[[3-2-1 Contact]]''), see [[List of programs broadcast by PBS#Former programming|List of programs broadcast by PBS]]. ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Square One Television]]'' |January 26, 1987 |October 7, 1994 | |- |''[[Shining Time Station]]'' |January 29, 1989 |June 11, 1998 | |- |''[[Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |September 30, 1991 |October 4, 1996 | |- |''[[Lamb Chop's Play-Along]]'' |January 13, 1992 |August 29, 1997 | |- |''[[Ghostwriter (1992 TV series)|Ghostwriter]]'' |October 4, 1992 |rowspan=2|September 5, 1999 | |- |''[[Kino's Storytime|Storytime]]'' |October 11, 1992 |{{refn|group=note|name=storytime|National run began on June 6, 1994.}} |- |''[[The Magic School Bus (TV series)|The Magic School Bus]]'' |September 10, 1994 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[Bill Nye the Science Guy]]'' |October 10, 1994 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''[[Katie and Orbie]]'' |October 14, 1995 |August 31, 1997 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/programs/1996/october/descriptions/october96sat.html |title=PBS National Satellite Schedule - October 1996 |access-date=2026-04-19 |archive-date=1996-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961226093259/http://www.pbs.org/programs/1996/october/descriptions/october96sat.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/whatson/1997/09/X/19970914.html |title=PBS Schedule X Daily Schedule - 9/14/1997 |access-date=2026-04-19 |archive-date=1999-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990224092639/http://www.pbs.org/whatson/1997/09/X/19970914.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> |- |''[[Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (game show)|Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?]]'' |October 7, 1996 |September 25, 1998 | |- |''[[The Charlie Horse Music Pizza]]'' |January 5, 1998 |September 3, 1999 | |} ====Acquired programming==== ====Programming from [[American Program Service]]==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Letter People]]'' |April 4, 1974 |April 8, 1994 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/139467227/ |title=St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 62 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1974-04-04 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/939369905/ |title=Daily American Republic from Poplar Bluff, Missouri • 52 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1987-05-17 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/139548460/ |title=St. Louis Post-Dispatch from St. Louis, Missouri • Page 92 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1994-04-08 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''Mundo Real'' |November 7, 1975 |October 24, 1993 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/570962044/ |title=The Spokesman-Review from Spokane, Washington • 2 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1975-11-07 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/814642194/ |title=Stewart-Houston Times from Clarksville, Tennessee • 12 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1981-03-31 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/565118425/ |title=The Napa Valley Register from Napa, California • 72 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-10-24 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''Dragons, Wagons & Wax'' |September 17, 1977 |1996 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/22977977/ |title=The Morning Herald from Hagerstown, Maryland • Page 28 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1977-09-17 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/810404659/ |title=Anderson Independent-Mail from Anderson, South Carolina • 7 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1978-05-26 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/962050572/ |title=The Daily Nonpareil from Council Bluffs, Iowa • 46 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1990-11-25 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Size Small]]'' |December 4, 1982 |August 31, 1996 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/769829438/ |title=The Bellingham Herald from Bellingham, Washington • 50 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1982-11-28 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/402413156/ |title=Wisconsin State Journal from Madison, Wisconsin • 103 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1987-03-01 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/251618845/ |title=Stevens Point Journal from Stevens Point, Wisconsin • Page 26 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-08-30 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''The Pappenheimers'' |September 1, 1983 |August 31, 1994 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1089823278/ |title=The Sunday Oregonian Archive: Sunday, August 8, 1982 • Portland, Oregon Page 139 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1982-08-08 |access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref> |- |''[[The Secret City]]'' |September 2, 1985 |March 14, 1993 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/601709176/ |title=The Shreveport Journal from Shreveport, Louisiana • 61 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1985-08-30 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/251266420/ |title=Palladium-Item from Richmond, Indiana • 79 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-03-14 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''A Musical Encounter'' |September 7, 1985 |1995 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/292748994/ |title=Chillicothe Gazette from Chillicothe, Ohio • 37 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1985-09-07 |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/555996704/ |title=Hawaii Tribune-Herald from Hilo, Hawaii • 75 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1988-09-26 |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Captain Kangaroo]]'' |rowspan=2|September 1, 1986 |August 31, 1993 | |- |''[[Tomes & Talismans]]'' |August 31, 1996 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/378456722/ |title=Austin American-Statesman from Austin, Texas • 258 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1986-08-31 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/169309650/ |title=The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Page 30 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1987-01-06 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/431969136/ |title=El Paso Times from El Paso, Texas • 125 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-03-17 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Storylords]]'' |September 7, 1986 |1998 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/535406354/ |title=Scrantonian Tribune from Scranton, Pennsylvania • 99 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1986-09-07 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/168818817/ |title=The Philadelphia Inquirer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • Page 52 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1986-11-13 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/513857931/ |title=The La Crosse Tribune from La Crosse, Wisconsin • 40 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-02-25 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Saludos'' |May 24, 1987 |April 27, 1997 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/317434133/ |title=The Central New Jersey Home News from New Brunswick, New Jersey • 142 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1987-05-24 |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/431792314/ |title=El Paso Times from El Paso, Texas • 137 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-04-27 |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[The Wind in the Willows (TV series)|The Wind in the Willows]]'' |September 19, 1990 |September 18, 1993 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/192328820/ |title=Star Tribune from Minneapolis, Minnesota • Page 212 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1990-09-16 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/573681773/ |title=The Spokesman-Review from Spokane, Washington • 16 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1991-09-23 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Math Vantage'' |February 5, 1993 |1998 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/337559698/ |title=The Sioux City Journal from Sioux City, Iowa • 39 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-02-05 |access-date=12 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/809894897/ |title=The Tribune from San Luis Obispo, California • 135 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-05-09 |access-date=12 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''You Can Choose!'' |May 24, 1993 |December 15, 1993 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1237249238/ |title=The Union from Sacramento, California • 60 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-05-23 |access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/286589927/ |title=Orem-Geneva Times from Orem, Utah • 18 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-12-15 |access-date=4 October 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[Gerbert (TV series)|Gerbert]]'' |June 1, 1993 |August 31, 1997 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/644013061/ |title=Fort Worth Star-Telegram from Fort Worth, Texas • 335 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-05-25 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1018470739/ |title=The Picayune Item from Picayune, Mississippi • 32 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-08-31 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Whirligig!'' |July 2, 1993 |February 12, 1995 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/911350501/ |title=The Jersey Journal from Jersey City, New Jersey • 59 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-07-02 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/774554972/ |title=The Commercial Appeal from Memphis, Tennessee • 143 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-02-12 |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Shamu TV'' |September 17, 1993 |September 16, 1996 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/969672506/ |title=Char-Koosta News from Pablo, Montana • A10 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-11-12 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/151251474/ |title=The Akron Beacon Journal from Akron, Ohio • Page 187 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1994-05-15 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/916664825/ |title=The Idaho Statesman from Boise, Idaho • 40 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-05-15 |access-date=4 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Pappyland]]'' |February 13, 1994 |September 3, 1999 | |- |''The Shelly T. Turtle Show'' |June 23, 1995 |January 30, 1998 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/296609711/ |title=News Journal from Mansfield, Ohio • 34 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-06-23 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/318838180/ |title=The Central New Jersey Home News from New Brunswick, New Jersey • 179 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-12-03 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/107143736/ |title=The Indianapolis Star from Indianapolis, Indiana • Page 44 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-01-30 |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[The Swamp Critters of Lost Lagoon]]'' |November 4, 1995 |December 27, 1997 | |- |''Get Real!'' |March 1, 1995 |March 31, 1997 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/353047708/ |title=Daily Citizen from Beaver Dam, Wisconsin • 7 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-03-18 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/190586348/ |title=Green Bay Press-Gazette from Green Bay, Wisconsin • Page 116 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-07-09 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/276954857/ |title=Hattiesburg American from Hattiesburg, Mississippi • 115 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-11-24 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Bloopy's Buddies]]'' |January 6, 1996 |January 31, 1998 | |- |''Animal Tales'' |July 1, 1996 |June 30, 1998 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/438748015/ |title=Citizens' Voice from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania • 129 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-07-07 |access-date=5 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/268706819/ |title=Pensacola News Journal from Pensacola, Florida • 122 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-07-28 |access-date=5 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Follow the Money'' |July 6, 1997 |December 31, 1997 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1116688407/ |title=The Star-Ledger from Newark, New Jersey • 212 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-07-06 |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[Salty's Lighthouse]]'' |December 6, 1997 |1998 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/248335953/ |title=28 Dec 1997, Page 116 - Tallahassee Democrat at |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-12-28 |access-date=2022-06-05}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |The Game |October 7, 1996 |September 5, 1999 | |} ===PBS Kids=== ====Original programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Electric Company]]'' |October 25, 1971 |April 15, 1977 | |- |''[[3-2-1 Contact]]'' |January 14, 1980 |September 27, 1992 | |- |''[[Rosie and Jim]]'' |January 14, 1991 |July 23, 2004 | |- |''[[The Puzzle Place]]'' |January 16, 1995 |March 31, 2000 | |- |''[[Plaza Sesamo]]'' |April 3, 1995 |January 4, 2010 |{{refn|group=note|name=plaza|Broadcasts were exclusive to select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Wishbone (TV series)|Wishbone]]'' |October 9, 1995 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end1995a|National run ended September 2, 2001, and resumed June 2, 2007 through September 6, 2009. Reruns continued through August 31, 2014 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Adventures from the Book of Virtues]]'' |September 2, 1996 |September 26, 2005 | |- |''[[Tots TV]]'' |October 7, 1996 |rowspan=2|September 1, 2002 | |- |''[[Theodore Tugboat]]'' |October 20, 1996 | |- |''[[Wimzie's House]]'' |September 1, 1997 |September 2, 2001 | |- |''[[Teletubbies]]'' |April 6, 1998 |August 29, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=tubbies|Premieres moved to [[Nickelodeon]] and [[Nick Jr.]] in 2015.}} |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy]]'' |August 31, 1998 |September 1, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=noddy|National runs on PBS Kids 24/7 ended June 10, 2001.}} |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom]]'' |January 4, 1999 |September 2, 2007 | |- |''[[Corduroy (TV series)|Corduroy]]'' | rowspan="5" |September 30, 2000 | rowspan="2" |October 28, 2001 | |- |''[[Elliot Moose (TV series)|Elliot Moose]]'' | |- |''[[Timothy Goes to School]]'' |rowspan=3|September 5, 2004 | |- |''[[Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse]]'' | |- |''[[Seven Little Monsters (TV series)|Seven Little Monsters]]'' |{{refn|group=note|name=monsters|''Seven Little Monsters'' was part of the [[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch|Bookworm Bunch]] block from September 30, 2000 through September 5, 2004; meanwhile, it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''[[The Berenstain Bears (2002 TV series)|The Berenstain Bears]]'' from January 6 through September 12, 2003.}} <ref name="bbslm"/> |- |''[[Jay Jay the Jet Plane]]'' |June 11, 2001 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=jayjay|Reruns continued through June 26, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series]]'' |September 2, 2001 |September 30, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001a|''Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series'' aired from September 2, 2001 through October 10, 2004 (PBS Kids 24/7) and through September 4, 2005 (PBS); later reruns were distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 5, 2010 through September 30, 2015.}} |- |''[[Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat]]'' |September 3, 2001 |February 1, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2001b|Reruns continued through August 30, 2009 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[DragonflyTV]]'' |January 19, 2002 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2002a|Reruns continued through May 29, 2019 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Liberty's Kids]]'' |September 2, 2002 |October 10, 2004 | |- |''[[Boohbah]]'' |January 19, 2004 |August 31, 2008 | |- |''[[Toopy and Binoo]]''² |January 3, 2005 |December 29, 2006 | |- |''[[Make Way for Noddy]]'' |September 10, 2005 |September 6, 2009 | |- |''[[Franny's Feet]]'' |July 8, 2006 |September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2006a|Reruns continued through November 25, 2012 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Peep and the Big Wide World]]''¹ |April 1, 2007 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=peep|After originally debuting on [[Discovery Kids]] and [[TLC (TV network)|TLC]] on April 10, 2004, ''Peep and the Big Wide World'' began airing locally on [[WGBH-TV|WGBH]] on August 1, 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2004-08-01 |title=Peep and the Big Wide World WGBH Premiere |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-peep-and-the-big-wide-w/181000638/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |work=The Boston Globe |pages=319}}</ref> It was later distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from April 1, 2007 through January 3, 2018; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=PEEP FAQ |url=http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070420080633/http://www.peepandthebigwideworld.com/about/faq.html |archive-date=20 April 2007}}</ref><ref name="peep">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD - American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106004954/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/GenreLookup/41653873E38CD1A485257281007550C7 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Mama Mirabelle's Home Movies]]'' |September 8, 2007 |rowspan=2|September 6, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a|Reruns continued through January 2, 2011 on select local PBS stations.}} |- |''[[Animalia (TV series)|Animalia]]'' |January 5, 2008 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2007a}} |- |''[[Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures]]'' |January 13, 2008 |May 31, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2008b|Reruns continued through October 6, 2013 on select local PBS stations.}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Betsy's Kindergarten Adventures PBS KIDS |url=http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115082246/http://pbskids.org/betsy/ |archive-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Lomax, the Hound of Music]]'' |October 11, 2008 |December 29, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=KWBU Program Guide October 2008 |url=https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/73593.pdf |publisher=Baylor University |access-date=13 March 2023 |page=2 |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313230938/https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php/73593.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''[[Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps]]''¹ ² |September 5, 2009 |November 14, 2015 |{{refn|group=note|name=end2009a|Reruns continued through January 31, 2016 on select local PBS stations.}}{{refn|group=note|name=pbsretro2025a|Reruns began streaming on the PBS Retro channel on October 10, 2025.}} |- |''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015) |November 7, 2015 |November 20, 2018 |<ref name=bobl/><ref>{{cite web |title=Let's Go! Bob the Builder |url=https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |website=www.ket.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620030524/https://www.ket.org/episode/BOBL%20%20000901/ |archive-date=20 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2015/11/7/#8:30.a.m. |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=21 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''[[The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo]]''¹ |February 10, 2023 |May 10, 2024 |{{refn|gproup=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="elmo1">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223219/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2023/02/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="elmo2">{{cite web |title=PBS Kids {{!}} TV Schedules - AZPM |url=https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |website=tv.azpm.org |access-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223020/https://tv.azpm.org/schedules/kuatkids/2024/05/10/ |archive-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Mecha Builders]]'' |May 13, 2024 |April 30, 2025 |{{refn|group=note|name=PK|Exclusive to PBS Kids 24/7.}} <ref name="may2024">{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS on Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/C6hQr0WsBlq |website=www.instagram.com |access-date=10 May 2024 |date=3 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Mecha Builders |url=https://www.tpt.org/mecha-builders/ |website=Twin Cities PBS |access-date=24 April 2024 |language=en |date=23 April 2024}}</ref> |} ====Acquired programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Newton's Apple]]'' |October 15, 1983 |October 31, 1999 | |- |''[[Mark Kistler's Imagination Station]]'' |October 14, 1991 |July 10, 1998 |{{refn|group=note|name=kistler|Reboot series began airing in 2009.}} |- |''The Eddie Files'' |1995 |2000 | |- |''Ricky's Room'' |1999 |2000 | |- |''[[Mary Lou's Flip Flop Shop]]'' |August 25, 2002 |September 22, 2002 |{{refn|group=note|name=ffs|Reruns aired on the PBS HD Channel from 2004 to 2007.}} |- |''[[MythQuest]]'' |2002 |2004 | |- |''[[Nanalan']]'' |July 2006 |2013 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Pressroom - NANALAN' |url=http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |access-date=16 January 2024 |date=6 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106030906/http://pressroom.pbs.org/programs/nanalan |archive-date=November 6, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=nineMagazine - July/August 2013 by Nine PBS - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/nine_magazine/docs/ninemag_septoct2013 |website=issuu.com |access-date=16 January 2024 |language=en |date=27 August 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Miffy and Friends]]'' |2007 |2009 |{{refn|group=note|name=WLIW|Syndicated to public television stations by WLIW.}} |- |''[[Shalom Sesame]]'' |October 5, 2010 |October 11, 2011 | |} ====Programming from American Public Television==== The following programs were distributed by [[American Public Television]], not PBS itself. These programs were broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Harriet's Magic Hats]]'' |September 27, 1983 |November 13, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/892020107/ |title=Centre Daily Times from State College, Pennsylvania • 32 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1983-09-27 |access-date=12 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/353139110/ |title=Daily Citizen from Beaver Dam, Wisconsin • 28 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1999-11-13 |access-date=12 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''Alles Gute'' |September 10, 1989 |July 31, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/298444706/ |title=The Press Democrat from Santa Rosa, California • 128 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1989-09-10 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/285885839/ |title=The Times Recorder from Zanesville, Ohio • 39 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-01-08 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/650101884/ |title=Fort Worth Star-Telegram from Fort Worth, Texas • 95|publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1999-07-31 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref> |- |''Practical Parenting'' |November 3, 1989 |January 14, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/963943586/ |title=Bristol Herald Courier from Bristol, Tennessee • 50 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1989-11-03 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/682335257/ |title=The Kansas City Star from Kansas City, Missouri • 48 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1992-08-24 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/613078005/ |title=The Salt Lake Tribune from Salt Lake City, Utah • 184 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2001-01-14 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref> |- |''The Story of Read-Alee Deed-Alee'' |October 2, 1993 |October 1, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/312047446/ |title=Lincoln Journal Star from Lincoln, Nebraska • 71 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-10-02 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/513345643/ |title=The La Crosse Tribune from La Crosse, Wisconsin • 44 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-10-30 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/441633344/ |title=The Boston Globe from Boston, Massachusetts • 31 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1999-02-16 |access-date=22 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Beyond the Front Page'' |November 20, 1993 |November 19, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/352959491/ |title=Daily Citizen from Beaver Dam, Wisconsin • 8 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1993-11-20 |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/286882358/ |title=The Times Recorder from Zanesville, Ohio • 41 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-03-18 |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref> |- |''Jack Houston's ImagineLand'' |January 5, 1994 |July 31, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/313304904/ |title=The Indianapolis News from Indianapolis, Indiana • 64 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1994-01-15 |access-date=5 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1004569125/ |title=Bryan-College Station Eagle from Bryan, Texas • 82 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-07-30 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Kidsongs#Television series|Kidsongs]]'' |April 4, 1994 |June 30, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=KIDSONGS TELEVISION SHOW II, THE (STEREO) F American Public Television |url=http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/38baad26bfc77030852568f200749623?OpenDocument |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=30 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427211250/http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/38baad26bfc77030852568f200749623?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2012}}</ref><ref name="Toddler rush">{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Everhart Bedford |first1=Karen |title=Toddler rush, 1994 |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch410.html |website=current.org |access-date=3 February 2026 |date=May 23, 1994}}</ref> |- |''[[The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon]]'' |September 18, 1994 |September 5, 1999 | |- |''Big Changes, Big Choices'' |October 27, 1994 |October 26, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/950329104/ |title=The Daily World Archive: Sunday, October 23, 1994 • Helena, Arkansas Page 15 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1994-10-23 |access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1119137853/ |title=Staten Island Advance Archive: Sunday, December 25, 1994 • Staten Island, New York Page 146 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1994-12-25 |access-date=28 March 2026}}</ref> |- |''[[The Huggabug Club]]'' |January 2, 1995 |July 28, 2000 | |- |''[[The Big Comfy Couch]]'' |January 9, 1995 |April 30, 2009 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=BIG COMFY COUCH I, III-V, THE (2ND RELEASE) |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/E9A98E6B1ED7F37385257129005925CB |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=25 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406062736/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/E9A98E6B1ED7F37385257129005925CB |archive-date=6 April 2009}}</ref> |- |''Preschool Power!'' |March 25, 1995 |December 31, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/179399222/ |title=The Tribune from Seymour, Indiana • Page 50 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1995-03-18 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/760030598/ |title=Corpus Christi Caller-Times from Corpus Christi, Texas • 210 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1999-12-05 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[The Reppies]]'' |April 1, 1996 |April 30, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=PBS and APS offer new kidvid, 1996 |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch612p.html#Reppies |website=current.org |access-date=3 February 2026 |date=October 12, 1996}}</ref> |- |''Crossroads Café'' |September 6, 1996 |2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/544067706/ |title=The Muscatine Journal from Muscatine, Iowa • 20 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1996-09-06 |access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1093426484/ |title=The Sunday Oregonian from Portland, Oregon • 218 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-12-21 |access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Cave Kids]]'' |September 29, 1996 |September 12, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/613144415/|title = The Salt Lake Tribune from Salt Lake City, Utah on September 29, 1996 · 174| date=29 September 1996}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/892828657/|title = Omaha World-Herald from Omaha, Nebraska on September 12, 1999 • 206| date=September 12, 1999}}</ref> |- |''Great Minds of Business'' |August 3, 1997 |January 7, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/355730946/ |title=The Courier from Waterloo, Iowa • 89 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-08-03 |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/170392704/ |title=Chicago Tribune from Chicago, Illinois • Page 210 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-01-07 |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[Zoobilee Zoo]]'' |rowspan=2|September 1, 1997 |February 6, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/636447218/ |title=The Iola Register from Iola, Kansas • 9 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-08-29 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1037530370/ |title=The Review-Herald from Mammoth Lakes, California • 24 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-11-13 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/297494932/ |title=Lincoln Journal Star from Lincoln, Nebraska • 117 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-02-06 |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[Groundling Marsh]]'' |December 31, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/720567415/ |title=The Bradenton Herald from Bradenton, Florida • 102 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-12-31 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[The Slow Norris]]'' |rowspan=2|November 9, 1997 |August 29, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/450451321/ |title=Public Opinion from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania • 71 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1997-11-08 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/297507018/ |title=Lincoln Journal Star from Lincoln, Nebraska • 197 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-08-27 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Backyard Safari'' |September 28, 1999 |<ref name="Toddler rush" /> |- |''Mikhail Baryshnikov's Stories from My Childhood'' |March 15, 1998 |December 31, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/387312407/ |title=Corvallis Gazette-Times from Corvallis, Oregon • 71 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-03-15 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/685251102/ |title=The Kansas City Star from Kansas City, Missouri • 223 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-09-06 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/173125082/ |title=The Baltimore Sun from Baltimore, Maryland • Page 90 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-11-27 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Skinnamarink TV]]'' |May 9, 1998 |September 5, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/556848216/ |title=Hawaii Tribune-Herald from Hilo, Hawaii • 109 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-05-03 |access-date=5 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/538841124/ |title=The Daily Sentinel from Grand Junction, Colorado • 52 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-06-05 |access-date=5 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''Salsa'' |June 1, 1998 |May 31, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/849246972/ |title=The Macon Telegraph from Macon, Georgia • 121 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-05-31 |access-date=27 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/983547919/ |title=The Opelika-Auburn News from Opelika, Alabama • 23 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-05-31 |access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> |- |''Reading Allowed'' |June 7, 1998 |August 29, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/345437146/ |title=The Times and Democrat from Orangeburg, South Carolina • 63 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-06-07 |access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/628836659/ |title=The Charlotte Observer from Charlotte, North Carolina • 303 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-07-05 |access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/79401644/ |title=The Gaffney Ledger from Gaffney, South Carolina • Page 9 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2001-08-29 |access-date=27 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''Someday School'' |June 21, 1998 |May 31, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SOMEDAY SCHOOL II American Public Television |url=http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/b051d9a6411429e5852568fd00596629?OpenDocument |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=30 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427211307/http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/b051d9a6411429e5852568fd00596629?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2012}}</ref> |- |''The Adventures of Elmer & Friends'' |September 1, 1998 |August 31, 1999 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/160383396/ |title=The Los Angeles Times from Los Angeles, California • Page 159 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-09-01 |access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref> |- |''Once Upon a Tree'' |October 5, 1998 |October 4, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/195239939/ |title=Star Tribune from Minneapolis, Minnesota • Page 235 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-10-04 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/556877286/ |title=Hawaii Tribune-Herald from Hilo, Hawaii • 85 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=1998-11-22 |access-date=11 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Adventures with Kanga Roddy]]'' |April 4, 1999 |March 4, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=ADVENTURES WITH KANGA RODDY American Public Television |url=http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/0d200324edfe148b852568fd00595963?OpenDocument |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=30 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427211100/http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/0d200324edfe148b852568fd00595963?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2012}}</ref> |- |''Wish*a*roo Park'' |June 6, 1999 |June 5, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=WISH*A*ROO PARK American Public Television |url=http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/0d945723eb0affc8852568fd00596b1b?OpenDocument |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=30 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427211353/http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/0d945723eb0affc8852568fd00596b1b?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Hello Mrs. Cherrywinkle]]'' |July 4, 1999 |July 3, 2001 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=HELLO MRS. CHERRYWINKLE II, III, I American Public Television |url=http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/599bc4524eba30bf852568fd00595e70?OpenDocument |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=30 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120427211237/http://www.aptvs.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/599bc4524eba30bf852568fd00595e70?OpenDocument |archive-date=27 April 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Popular Mechanics for Kids]]'' |January 1, 2000 |December 31, 2000 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/650323934/ |title=Fort Worth Star-Telegram from Fort Worth, Texas • 64 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-01-03 |access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/441605645/ |title=Albany Democrat-Herald from Albany, Oregon • 84 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=2000-05-28 |access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[The Dooley and Pals Show]]'' |April 2, 2000 |April 1, 2003 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=DOOLEY AND PALS SHOW, THE American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/5b79b380372df6e8852568f200746345?OpenDocument |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705220433/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/f438aefc1963eb6f85256643006faa76/5b79b380372df6e8852568f200746345?OpenDocument |archive-date=5 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="pipe2000">{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Everhart Bedford |first1=Karen |last2=Little Ruhl |first2=James |last3=Collins |first3=Geneva |title=Pipeline 2000: Series in preparation for future public TV seasons, as of fall 1999 |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/pipeline/pipe2000.html |website=current.org |access-date=7 September 2025 |date=November 17, 1999}}</ref> |- |''Alef...Bet...Blast-Off!'' |September 3, 2000 |September 2, 2009 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=ALEF...BET...BLAST-OFF! |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/A5EF247BEEE464648525694A006A4A6D |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=25 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806110046/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/A5EF247BEEE464648525694A006A4A6D |archive-date=6 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|Brian Jacques' Redwall]]'' |April 1, 2001 |April 6, 2006 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author1=Karen Everhart Bedford |title="Redwall," not for littlest kids |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625033633/https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/ch/ch0106redwall.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 25, 2020 |website=current.org |access-date=25 October 2024 |date=26 March 2001 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=BRIAN JACQUES' REDWALL |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vTitle/BRIAN+JACQUES'+REDWALL |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041214083308/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/BRIAN+JACQUES'+REDWALL |archive-date=14 December 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="pipe2001">{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Everhart Bedford |first1=Karen |last2=Collins |first2=Geneva |title=Pipeline 2001: Series in preparation for future public TV seasons, as of fall 2000 |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/pipeline/pipe2001.html |website=current.org |access-date=6 September 2025 |date=November 12, 2000}}</ref> |- |''[[The Toy Castle]]'' |April 6, 2003 |April 5, 2010 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=TOY CASTLE, THE |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/39144F1BB78688B485256CC500587F63 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106032115/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/39144F1BB78688B485256CC500587F63 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[There Goes a...|Real Wheels]]'' |September 7, 2003 |September 6, 2010 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=REAL WHEELS |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vTitle/REAL+WHEELS |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040622012948/http://aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/REAL+WHEELS |archive-date=22 June 2004 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=REAL WHEELS II |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/3CCCD6CE93F4B74F85256EBC005C6F83 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106022544/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/3CCCD6CE93F4B74F85256EBC005C6F83 |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''Mustard Pancakes'' |July 1, 2005 |April 7, 2008 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=MUSTARD PANCAKES |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vTitle/MUSTARD+PANCAKES |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060130175854/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/MUSTARD+PANCAKES |archive-date=30 January 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=MUSTARD PANCAKES II |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/D0ED686478E14BE5852571090079031C |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318061035/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/D0ED686478E14BE5852571090079031C |archive-date=18 March 2008}}</ref><ref name="pipeline2005">{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Collins |first1=Geneva |title=Pipeline 05: Current's annual survey of national programs in preparation for public television |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/pipeline/pipe05.shtml |website=current.org |access-date=5 September 2025 |date=December 13, 2004}}</ref> |- |''[[Ribert and Robert's Wonderworld]]'' |rowspan=2|September 4, 2005 |September 6, 2020 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=RIBERT & ROBERT'S WONDERWORLD |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/59A26D5AA1076F6E8525701C005F4C52 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=November 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111014855/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/59A26D5AA1076F6E8525701C005F4C52 |archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref> |- |''Kid Fitness'' |March 31, 2010 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=KID FITNESS |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C816744CE1327AF78525701C004CE786 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=25 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111020910/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C816744CE1327AF78525701C004CE786 |archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=KID FITNESS II |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C83E3FEE0C8AA80E852572760060C5D6 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=25 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105201816/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C83E3FEE0C8AA80E852572760060C5D6 |archive-date=5 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Danger Rangers]]'' |September 5, 2005 |December 26, 2006 |<ref name="pipeline2006">{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Collins |first1=Geneva |last2=Fischer |first2=Theodore |title=Pipeline 06: Current's annual survey of national programs in preparation for public television |url=https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/pipeline/pipe06.shtml |website=current.org |access-date=4 September 2025 |date=December 19, 2005}}</ref> |- |''[[The Zula Patrol]]'' |September 10, 2005 |August 31, 2022 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=ZULA PATROL, THE |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C549542B4B3D4BB18525702D005AF265 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070919094712/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C549542B4B3D4BB18525702D005AF265 |archive-date=19 September 2007}}</ref><ref name="pipeline2005" /> |- |''[[My Bedbugs]]'' |October 2, 2005 |October 1, 2009 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=MY BEDBUGS |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/CC207E00484E6D838525705200505DF0 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111013413/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/CC207E00484E6D838525705200505DF0 |archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Signing Time!]]'' |January 1, 2006 |September 30, 2008 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SIGNING TIME! |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/0E786760083D535C852570A700645F53 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=25 October 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914154909/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/0E786760083D535C852570A700645F53 |archive-date=14 September 2008}}</ref><ref name="pipeline2006" /> |- |''[[The Saddle Club]]'' |rowspan=2|September 3, 2006 |September 6, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=SADDLE CLUB, THE American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911193536/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SADDLE+CLUB+THE |archive-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Sheira & Loli's Dittydoodle Works]]'' |May 5, 2010 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SHEIRA & LOLI'S DITTYDOODLE WORKS |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/1ABE3D3553526BB385257199007E0DFA |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111025049/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/1ABE3D3553526BB385257199007E0DFA |archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SHEIRA & LOLI'S DITTYDOODLE WORKS II |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/48D5624A0B2E7D1485257298005518CB |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106023433/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/48D5624A0B2E7D1485257298005518CB |archive-date=6 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[SeeMore's Playhouse]]'' |September 10, 2006 |November 2, 2009 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SEEMORE'S PLAYHOUSE |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C88726F37EA376598525719C0048DE16 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111022240/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/C88726F37EA376598525719C0048DE16 |archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SEEMORE'S PLAYHOUSE II |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/B67DA6E54AE8A89B85257353004CC019 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105202212/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/B67DA6E54AE8A89B85257353004CC019 |archive-date=5 November 2009}}</ref> |- |''Jim Knox's Wild Zoofari'' |September 2, 2007 |September 1, 2010 |<ref name="fall2007/2008" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=JIM KNOX'S WILD ZOOFARI |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/1B0CBE629176BA4F852573150059CFC1 |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=5 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230090706/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/1B0CBE629176BA4F852573150059CFC1 |archive-date=30 December 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Raggs]]'' |February 4, 2008 |February 1, 2014 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=RAGGS American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/RAGGS |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101041555/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/RAGGS |archive-date=1 January 2015}}</ref> |- |''[[Wunderkind Little Amadeus]]'' |September 7, 2008 |September 6, 2020 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=WUNDERKIND LITTLE AMADEUS |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/8CA0A1E393D3836185257473004D2C2B |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=11 November 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015040012/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/AlphaLookup/8CA0A1E393D3836185257473004D2C2B |archive-date=15 October 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Bali (TV series)|Bali]]''¹ |September 12, 2010 |August 31, 2021 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=BALI American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BALI |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722190935/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BALI |archive-date=22 July 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[Wild Animal Baby Explorers]]'' |October 1, 2010 |January 7, 2014 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=WILD ANIMAL BABY EXPLORERS American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/WILD+ANIMAL+BABY+EXPLORERS |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=11 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127010830/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/WILD+ANIMAL+BABY+EXPLORERS |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=WILD ANIMAL BABY EXPLORERS II American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/WILD+ANIMAL+BABY+EXPLORERS+II |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=11 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526173643/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/WILD+ANIMAL+BABY+EXPLORERS+II |archive-date=26 May 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Space Racers]]'' |May 2, 2014 |October 31, 2016 |{{refn|group=note|name=space|Premieres moved to [[Universal Kids]] in 2016.}} <ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Ramin Zahed |date=October 25, 2013 |title='Space Racers' to Premiere on Public Television this Spring |url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/space-racers-premiere-public-television-spring |publisher=Animation Magazine |accessdate=July 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=SPACE RACERS American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SPACE+RACERS |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011211718/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/SPACE+RACERS |archive-date=11 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="pipeline2014">{{#invoke:cite|web|last1=Fischer |first1=Terry |title=Current’s annual survey of productions in the works for public TV |url=https://current.org/2013/11/currents-annual-survey-of-programs-in-the-works-for-public-tv/ |website=current.org |access-date=17 September 2025 |date=November 25, 2013}}</ref> |- |''Thomas Edison's Secret Lab'' |September 7, 2015 |September 6, 2020 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=THOMAS EDISON'S SECRET LAB American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/THOMAS+EDISON+S+SECRET+LAB |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=5 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194004/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/THOMAS+EDISON+S+SECRET+LAB |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Bug Bites (2016 TV series)|Bug Bites]]'' |January 4, 2016 |January 3, 2019 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=BUG BITES American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BUG+BITES |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=14 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129143747/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BUG+BITES |archive-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[The Mother Company|Ruby's Studio]]'' |January 7, 2016 |January 6, 2022 |<ref name="aptchildren2016">{{#invoke:cite|web|title=APT - BY GENRE: CHILDREN |url=http://www.aptonline.org/aptweb.nsf/ProgramsDisplay?ReadForm&Flag=CatalogGenre&Index=Children |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=26 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614211204/http://www.aptonline.org/aptweb.nsf/ProgramsDisplay?ReadForm&Flag=CatalogGenre&Index=Children |archive-date=14 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=RUBY'S STUDIO|date=August 21, 2017 |url=https://themotherco.com/rubys-studio/ |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=Ruby's Studio – American Public Television Air Times|date=February 2016 |url=https://themotherco.com/2016/02/rubys-studio-american-public-television-air-times-2/ |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref> |- |''[[Mack & Moxy]]'' |February 5, 2016 |February 16, 2020 |<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=MACK & MOXY American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/MACK+MOXY |publisher=American Public Television |access-date=20 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229231321/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/MACK+MOXY |archive-date=29 February 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[Lynne Cherry#Producing and Directing Young Voices for the Planet Film Series|Young Voices for the Planet]]'' |April 8, 2016 |April 7, 2019 |<ref name="aptchildren2016" /><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=YOUNG VOICES FOR THE PLANET: CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY FOUNDATION|url=https://celfeducation.org/yvfp/ |access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref> |} ====Programming from NETA==== The following programs are distributed by National Educational Telecommunications Association, not PBS itself. These programs are broadcast by select local PBS stations. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Curiosity Quest]]'' |July 16, 2004 |2021 | |- |''[[The Shapies]]'' |2004 |2006 | |- |''[[Auto-B-Good]]'' |January 17, 2005 |December 23, 2005 | |- |''Kids for Positive Change'' |July 1, 2021 |June 30, 2024 | |} ====Interstitial programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Dash's Game of the Day'' |September 4, 2006 |May 16, 2008 | |- |''Dot's Story Factory'' |September 3, 2007 |rowspan=2|October 6, 2013 | |- |''Dash's Secret Treasure'' |rowspan=2|May 19, 2008 | |- |''Music Time with [[Steve Roslonek|SteveSongs]]'' |July 18, 2022 | |- |''Dash's Dance Party'' |rowspan=2|September 7, 2009 |October 6, 2013 | |- |''Adventures with Hooper'' |September 5, 2010 | |- |''Coach Hooper'' |rowspan=3|September 6, 2010 |rowspan=3|2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Field Trip'' | |- |''Where in the World is Hooper?'' | |- |''PBS Kids Spotlight'' |January 15, 2016 |July 18, 2022 | |} ====Short-form programming==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Amazing Colossal Adventures of WordGirl]]'' |November 10, 2006 |October 10, 2007 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Expands Vocabulary with Wordgirl |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2006/11/pbs-expands-vocabulary-with-wordgirl/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=8 November 2006}}</ref> |- |''[[Pocoyo]]'' |January 4, 2010 |December 26, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=pocoyo|''Pocoyo'' was distributed to local PBS stations by [[American Public Television]] from January 4, 2010 through January 3, 2018, and it was aired in the same half-hour timeslot alongside ''Peep and the Big Wide World''; later reruns aired on PBS Kids 24/7 from January 1, 2018 through December 26, 2021.}}<ref name="peep/pocoyo">{{cite web |title=PEEP AND THE BIG WIDE WORLD II/POCOYO {{!}} American Public Television |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910074428/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/PEEP+AND+THE+BIG+WIDE+WORLD+II+POCOYO |archive-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> |} ====Blocks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Block title !Launch date !End date !Source(s) |- |[[PBS Kids Bookworm Bunch]] |September 30, 2000 |September 5, 2004 | |- |[[PBS Kids Go!]] |October 11, 2004 |rowspan=2|October 6, 2013 | |- |PBS Kids Preschool |September 4, 2006 | |} ==Special programming== Programs with marked with an asterisk (*) have been featured on the Family Night weekend primetime block on PBS Kids 24/7. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Noddy (TV series)|Noddy: Anything Can Happen At Christmas]]'' |December 6, 1998 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Party with Zoom]]'' |1999 | |- |''[[Arthur's Perfect Christmas]]''* |November 23, 2000 | |- |''[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|Zoom: America's Kids Respond]]'' |September 20, 2001 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS Children's Series Offers Kids Ideas for Coping with the Aftermath of the Attacks On America |website=[[PBS]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-childrens-series-offers-kids-ideas-for-coping-with-the-aftermath-of-the-attacks-on-america-september-20-2001/ |access-date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> |- |''[[Barney & Friends|Barney's Christmas Star]]'' | rowspan="2" |2002 | |- |''[[Elmo's World|Elmo's World: Happy Holidays!]]'' | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur, It's Only Rock 'n' Roll]]'' |September 1, 2002 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fiasco |first1=Lance |title=The Backstreet Boys To Make Their Animated 'Arthur' Debut |url=https://idobi.com/news/the-backstreet-boys-to-make-their-animated-arthur-debut/ |website=idobi |access-date=15 September 2024 |date=29 July 2002 |archive-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915233825/https://idobi.com/news/the-backstreet-boys-to-make-their-animated-arthur-debut/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Idaho PTV Program Listing - September 2002 Schedule |url=http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |website=idahoptv.org |access-date=15 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020914044129/http://www.idahoptv.org/what/channels/Sep02/Sep.html#1 |archive-date=2002-09-14 |date=14 September 2002}}</ref> |- |[[Zoom (1999 TV series)|''Zoom: America's Kids Remember'']] |September 8, 2002 | |- |''[[Bob the Builder|Bob the Builder Snowed Under: The Bobblesberg Winter Games]]'' |December 17, 2005 | |- |''[[Arthur's Missing Pal]]'' |August 18, 2007 | |- |''[[Panwapa]]'' |2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Signals: WXXI Program Guide September 2008 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/30900371/september-2008-wxxi |website=yumpu.com |publisher=WXXI |access-date=5 July 2023 |page=19 |language=en |date=September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WBGU-PBS KIDS Shows |url=http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |publisher=WBGU |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724022723/http://wbgu.org/kids/shows |archive-date=24 July 2008}}</ref> |- |''[[Abby in Wonderland]]'' |November 28, 2008 | |- |''[[Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2009 |<ref name="cgxmas">{{cite web |title=MONKEY AROUND THE CHRISTMAS TREE THIS HOLIDAY SEASON! FIRST EVER CURIOUS GEORGE® HOLIDAY SPECIAL A VERY MONKEY CHRISTMAS PREMIERES NOVEMBER 25TH ON PBS KIDS® |url=http://streams.wgbh.org/online/pressroom/2009_10/CuriousGeorge_MonkeyChristmas.pdf |publisher=WGBH |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=27 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George (film)|Curious George]]'' |rowspan=2|November 23, 2011 | |- |''[[Curious George 2: Follow That Monkey!]]''* | |- |''[[List of WordGirl episodes#WordGirl%3 The Rise of Miss Power|WordGirl: The Rise of Miss Power]]''* |February 20, 2012 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Christmas!]]''* |November 21, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolfe|first1=Jennifer|title=PBS Kids Announces 'Cat in the Hat' Christmas Special |url=https://www.awn.com/news/pbs-kids-announces-cat-hat-christmas-special |publisher=Animation World Network |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=2 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Clifford's Really Big Movie]]'' |December 14, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title='CLIFFORD'S REALLY BIG MOVIE" PREMIERS ON PBS KIDS |url=http://mediaroom.scholastic.com/press-release/cliffords-really-big-movie-premiers-pbs-kids |publisher=Scholastic |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=19 November 2012}}</ref> |- |''[[Sid the Science Kid#Sid the Science Kid: The Movie (2013)|Sid the Science Kid: The Movie]]''* |March 25, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George Swings Into Spring]]''* |April 22, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Curious George episodes#Specials|Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest]]''* |October 28, 2013 | |- |''[[Elmo's Christmas Countdown]]'' |November 27, 2013 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 9 (2013–14)|The Cyberchase Movie]]'' |April 15, 2014 | |- |''[[The Cookie Thief]]''* |February 16, 2015 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Steinberg|first1=Brian|title=Cookie Monster Gets First Special on PBS' Kids Lineup| date=January 19, 2015 |url=https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/cookie-monster-gets-first-special-on-pbs-kids-lineup-1201408785/|publisher=Variety|access-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref> |- |''[[Curious George 3: Back to the Jungle]]''* |August 17, 2015 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: A Creature Christmas]]''* |November 25, 2015 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Camping!]]''* |July 25, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Seuss on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]] |url=https://www.facebook.com/Dr.Seuss/posts/calling-all-campers-join-the-cat-in-the-hat-on-a-fun-and-frenzied-outdoor-advent/10155167750907195/ |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=25 July 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: The Movie (2016)|Odd Squad: The Movie]]''* |August 1, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Halloween!]]''* |October 28, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web|last1=Milligan|first1=Mercedes|title=PBS KIDS Gets Animated for Halloween |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/10/pbs-kids-gets-animated-for-halloween/ |publisher=Animation Magazine |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=3 October 2016}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 4 (2015–17)|Wild Kratts: Creatures of the Deep Sea]]''* |November 23, 2016 | |- |''[[The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!|The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About Space!]]''* |December 26, 2016 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Kids Newsletter December 2016 |url=https://www.myarkansaspbs.org/kids/newsletter/december2016 |publisher=[[Arkansas PBS|AETN]] |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=December 2016 |archive-date=18 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318164323/https://www.myarkansaspbs.org/kids/newsletter/december2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: A Tiger Family Trip]]''* |May 8, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Back to Bortron 7]]''* |August 14, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur: D.W. and the Beastly Birthday]]''* |May 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 5 (2017–19)|Wild Kratts Alaska: Hero's Journey]]''* |July 24, 2017 | |- |''Wild Alaska Live''* |July 29, 2017 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur and the Haunted Tree House]]''* |October 23, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Halloween Comes to PBS KIDS with New Programming, Games and Activities for the Entire Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/halloween-comes-to-pbs-kids-with-new-programming-games-and-activities-for-the-entire-family/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=18 March 2023 |date=28 September 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Once Upon a Sesame Street Christmas]]''* |November 22, 2017 |<ref>{{cite web |title=CPTV Parents E-Newsletter |url=https://cptv.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/CPTV-Parents-E-Newsletter_November-2017_Thanksgiving-Edition.pdf |publisher=CPTV |access-date=14 March 2023 |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[The Gruffalo]]''* |rowspan=4|December 1, 2017 | |- |''[[The Gruffalo's Child]]''* | |- |''[[Stick Man]]''* | |- |''[[Room on the Broom]]''* | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: World Turned Odd (2018)|Odd Squad: World Turned Odd]]''* |January 15, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: The Return of Bad Dog Bart]]''* |July 16, 2018 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|The Daniel Tiger Movie: Won't You Be My Neighbor?]]''* |September 17, 2018 | |- |''[[Magic Light Pictures|The Highway Rat]]''* |December 7, 2018 | |- |''[[Let's Go Luna!#Special (2018)|Let's Go Luna!: Luna's Christmas Around the World]]''* |December 10, 2018 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odds and Ends (2019)|Odd Squad: Odds and Ends]]''* |January 21, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Sesame Street episodes#Specials|The Magical Wand Chase: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |March 25, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Cyberchase episodes#Season 12 (2019–20)|Cyberchase: Space Waste Odyssey]]''* |April 19, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: One Small Step]]''* |June 17, 2019 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: A Pinkaperfect Birthday]]''* |August 5, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Nature Cat episodes#Specials|Nature Cat: A Nature Carol]]''* |November 29, 2019 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Rhythm and Roots of Arthur]]''* |January 20, 2020 | |- |''[[List of Odd Squad episodes#Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings (2020)|Odd Squad: Odd Beginnings]]''* |February 17, 2020 | |- |''[[Xavier Riddle and the Secret Museum#Xavier Riddle and the Secret Movie: I Am Madam President|Xavier Riddle and the Secret Movie: I Am Madam President]]''* |March 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate]]'' |April 14, 2020 |<ref name=playdate>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/primetime-special-sesame-street-elmos-playdate-offer-families-connection|title=Primetime Special 'Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate' to Offer Families Connection in Challenging Times|date=2020-04-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Amazin' Amazon Adventure]]''* |April 20, 2020 | |- |''[[When You Wish Upon A Pickle: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |July 13, 2020 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood Won't You Sing Along with Me?]]''* |August 17, 2020 | |- |''PBS Kids Talk About: Race and Racism''* |October 9, 2020 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |October 15, 2020 |<ref name=powerofwe>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/power-we-sesame-street-special-debuts-thursday-october-15-help-children|title='The Power of We: A Sesame Street Special' Debuts on Thursday, October 15, To Help Children Stand Up To Racism|date=2020-10-08|website=[[Sesame Workshop]]|language=en|access-date=2023-03-14|archive-date=2022-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524085547/https://www.sesameworkshop.org/press-room/press-releases/power-we-sesame-street-special-debuts-thursday-october-15-help-children|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|An Arthur Thanksgiving]]''* |November 16, 2020 | |- |''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific#Specials|Pinkalicious and Peterrific: Cupid Calls It Quits]]''* |February 8, 2021 | |- |''[[Dinosaur Train|Dinosaur Train: Adventure Island]]''* |April 12, 2021 | |- |''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali: Molly and the Great One]]''* |June 7, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Wild Kratts episodes#Season 6 (2019–2021)|Wild Kratts: Cats and Dogs]]''* |July 12, 2021 | |- |''[[List of Arthur episodes#Specials|Arthur's First Day]]''* |September 6, 2021 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|See Us Coming Together: A Sesame Street Special]]''* |November 25, 2021 | |- |''[[The Monster at the End of This Book: Starring Lovable, Furry Old Grover#Sequels and adaptations|Sesame Street: The Monster at the End of This Story]]''* |March 7, 2022 | |- |''[[Elinor Wonders Why|Elinor Wonders Why: A Wonderful Journey]]''* |April 18, 2022 | |- |''[[Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood|Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Daniel Visits a New Neighborhood]]''* |June 20, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 4: Royal Monkey]]''* | rowspan="2" |July 1, 2022 | |- |''[[Curious George (franchise)|Curious George 5: Go West, Go Wild]]''* | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: Furry Friends Forever: Elmo Gets a Puppy]]''* |March 13, 2023 | |- |''[[List of Ready Jet Go! episodes#Films|Ready Jet Go!: Space Camp]]''* |July 20, 2023 | |- |''[[Sesame Street|Sesame Street: The Nutcracker: Starring Elmo & Tango]]''* |December 2, 2023 | |- |''[[Tad Hills|Rocket Saves the Day]]''* |December 26, 2023 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Whittock |first1=Jesse |title=PBS Kids Takes Off With TV Movie 'Rocket Saves The Day' |url=https://deadline.com/2023/09/pbs-kids-tv-movie-rocket-saves-the-day-thunderbird-entertainment-1235557216/ |website=Deadline |access-date=7 January 2024 |date=28 September 2023}}</ref> |- |''[[Wild Kratts|Wild Kratts: Our Blue and Green World]]''* |April 1, 2024 |<ref name="apr24">{{cite web |author1=PBS Publicity |title=PBS KIDS Kicks Off Spring with a Slate of New Content for the Whole Family |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-kicks-off-spring-with-a-slate-of-new-content-for-the-whole-family/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=24 April 2024 |location=Arlington, VA |language=en |date=21 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="apr24a">{{cite web |title=More Spring Fun with LPB and PBS KIDS! |url=https://www.lpb.org/newsletters/parent-newsletter-apr2024 |website=Louisiana Public Broadcasting |access-date=24 April 2024 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424011342/https://www.lpb.org/newsletters/parent-newsletter-apr2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat|Nature Cat’s Nature Movie Special Extraordinaire]]'' |April 22, 2024 |<ref name="apr24"/><ref name="apr24a"/> |- |''[[The Okee Dokee Brothers|Brambletown]]''* |July 26, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelson |first1=Dustin |title=Family music duo, The Okee Dokee Brothers, bring new film to PBS |url=https://bringmethenews.com/minnesota-lifestyle/family-music-duo-the-okee-dokee-brothers-bring-new-film-to-pbs |website=Bring Me The News |access-date=27 July 2024 |language=en |date=22 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Starks |first1=Tiara |title=Joe Mailander of The Okee Dokee Brothers on creating PBS KIDS' Brambletown, making music, and myths |url=https://theparentwatch.com/posts/joe-mailander-the-okee-dokee-brothers-brambletown-01j15d06pjh7 |website=The Parent Watch |access-date=27 July 2024 |date=26 July 2024}}</ref> |- |''Mystery League''* |March 22, 2025 |<ref name="mysteryleague">{{cite web |title=Mystery League |url=https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |website=pw.myersinfosys.com |access-date=9 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250109230041/https://pw.myersinfosys.com/wosu/airlist/34.4/959334/detail |archive-date=9 January 2025 |date=9 January 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[Nature Cat|Nature Cat: The Nature-Tastic Four Movie]]'' |April 3, 2025 | |- |''Acoustic Rooster and His Barnyard Band'' |May 1, 2025 |<ref name="rooster">{{cite press release|title=PBS KIDS to Debut ACOUSTIC ROOSTER, Based on Bestselling Author Kwame Alexander's Children's Book|url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-to-debut-acoustic-rooster-based-on-bestselling-author-kwame-alexanders-childrens-book/|website=[[PBS]]|access-date=24 February 2025|date=24 February 2025}}</ref> |- |''[[The Jim Henson Company|Wowsabout]]'' |May 1, 2026 |<ref>{{cite web |title=THE WOW IS WHAT IT’S ALL ABOUT! THE JIM HENSON COMPANY PRODUCES “WOWSABOUT” FOR PBS KIDS – Jim Henson |url=https://www.henson.com/the-wow-is-what-its-all-about-the-jim-henson-company-produces-wowsabout-for-pbs-kids-all-new-puppet-preschool-special-celebrates-the-emotion-of-awe/ |website=www.henson.com |access-date=12 February 2026 |location=Los Angeles, CA |date=10 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tuchow |first1=Ryan |title=PBS KIDS greenlights a Henson special set in Sequoia National Park |url=https://kidscreen.com/2026/02/10/pbs-kids-greenlights-a-henson-special-set-in-sequoia-national-park/ |website=Kidscreen |access-date=12 February 2026 |date=10 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Schedule Program - WGTE Public Media |url=https://www.wgte.org/schedules/program/kids/wowsabout/episode-0/05-02-2026/19-00-00 |website=www.wgte.org |access-date=2 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> |} ===Special programming from American Public Television=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[Davy Jones' Locker]]'' |November 1, 1997 | |- |''[[Barney's Great Adventure]]'' |October 1, 2000 | |- |''[[Redwall (TV series)|The Redwall Movie]]'' |c. 2002 |<ref name="apt2002">{{cite web |title=APT DOMESTIC CATALOG |url=http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021128103250/http://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/bpt?OpenView&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=6#6 |archive-date=28 November 2002 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[The Star of Christmas|VeggieTales: The Star of Christmas]]'' |December 23, 2002 |<ref name="apt2002"/> |- |''[[Duke and the Great Pie War|VeggieTales: Duke and the Great Pie War]]'' |April 1, 2005 |<ref>{{cite web |title=VEGGIETALES: DUKE AND THE GREAT PIE WAR |url=http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |website=www.aptonline.org |access-date=7 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305095835/http://www.aptonline.org:80/catalog.nsf/vTitle/VEGGIETALES:+DUKE+AND+THE+GREAT+PIE+WAR |archive-date=5 March 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Heidi 4 Paws|Heidi 4 Paws: A Furry Tale]]'' |November 23, 2008 |<ref>{{cite web |title=WTTW NATIONAL PRODUCTIONS PRESENTS HEIDI 4 PAWS: A FURRY TALE |url=https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006000446/https://www.wttw.com/main.taf?p=7,4,1,1,1,50 |archive-date=6 October 2009}}</ref> |- |''Science Mission 101'' |February 1, 2010 | |- |rowspan=2|''[[Scientastic!]]'' |September 2, 2010 | |- |April 2014 | |- |''[[Biz Kids]]: Three Minutes to Change the World'' |May 20, 2012 |<ref>{{cite web |title=BIZ KID$ -- THREE MINUTES TO CHANGE THE WORLD American Public Television |url=http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |website=aptonline.org |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526235909/http://aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/BIZ+KID+--+THREE+MINUTES+TO+CHANGE+THE+WORLD |archive-date=26 May 2012 |date=26 May 2012}}</ref> |- |''Lost Treasure Hunt'' |October 1, 2014 | |} ===Acquired special programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Initial broadcast date !Source(s) |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving]]'' |November 22, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbt|Aired twice (November 22, 2020 and November 21, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Apple & PBS Team Up For Broadcasts of "A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving" & "A Charlie Brown Christmas" |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/apple-pbs-team-up-for-broadcasts-of-a-charlie-brown-thanksgiving-a-charlie-brown-christmas/ |work=[[PBS]]}}</ref> |- |''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'' |December 13, 2020 |{{refn|group=note|name=acbc|Aired twice (December 13, 2020 and December 19, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto1"/> |- |''[[It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown]]'' |October 24, 2021 |{{refn|group=note|name=itgpcb|Aired only once (October 24, 2021) on PBS and PBS Kids 24/7.}}<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown Will Not Air on Broadcast TV This Year |url=https://comicbook.com/horror/news/charlie-brown-great-pumpkin-halloween-streaming-apple-tv-plus/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Horror |date=October 11, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |- |''MeteoHeroes: The Adventure Begins - Earth Day Special'' |April 22, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|name=KVIE|Syndicated to public television stations by KVIE.}}<ref name="meteo">{{cite web |date=May 1, 2022|title=MeteoHeroes Premieres on PBS on Earth Day and Inspires New Environmental Awards|url=https://www.anbmedia.com/news/2022/05/meteoheroes-pbs-earth-day/ |work=aNb Media}}</ref> |} ==Web-exclusive programming== The following programming is exclusive to PBS Kids web-based platforms, such as the PBS Kids website, PBS Kids Video app, and other streaming platforms. This content is not broadcast by PBS Kids and has never been aired on television. * ¹ Co-distributed by [[Amazon Prime Video]], the official streaming partner for PBS Kids programming<ref name="pbs.org"/> ===Short-form programming=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Release date !End date !Source(s) |- |''Wilson & Ditch: Digging America'' |Fall 2009 |2018 |<ref>{{cite web |title='WILSON & DITCH: DIGGING AMERICA' NEW PBS CHILDREN'S WEB-ONLY SOCIAL STUDIES SERIES ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG THIS FALL (August 2, 2009) |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/wilson-ditch-digging-america-new-pbs-childrens-web-only-social-studies-series-on-pbskidsgoorg-this-fall-august-2-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=2 August 2009}}</ref> |- |''Fizzy's Lunch Lab'' |November 16, 2009 |February 2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=LAUGHTER IS THE KEY INGREDIENT IN FIZZY'S LUNCH LAB," A NEW HEALTH-THEMED WEB-ONLY PROPERTY LAUNCHING NOVEMBER 16 ON PBSKIDSGO.ORG |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/laughter-is-the-key-ingredient-in-fizzys-lunch-lab-a-new-health-themed-web-only-property-launching-november-16-on-pbskidsgoorg-september-30-2009/ |publisher=PBS |access-date=15 March 2023 |date=30 September 2009}}</ref> |- |''Chuck Vanderchuck's "Something Something" Explosion'' |2011 |2018 |<ref name="2011web"/> |- |''[[Plum Landing]]''¹ |April 22, 2014 | rowspan="10" |present |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Longwell |first1=Todd |title=PBS Kids explores Earth with cross-platform environmental series |url=https://kidscreen.com/2014/04/22/pbs-kids-explores-earth-with-cross-platform-environmental-series/ |website=Kidscreen |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=22 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Debuts New Web-original Property and Free App: PLUM LANDING |url=https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-debuts-new-web-original-property-and-free-app-plum-landing/ |website=About PBS - Main |access-date=4 May 2024 |language=en |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman#Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius|Ruff Ruffman: Humble Media Genius]]'' |November 26, 2014 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wgbhkids.com/ruff-ruffman-humble-media-genius/|title=Ruff Ruffman|date=15 May 2014|access-date=4 April 2022|archive-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215102809/https://wgbhkids.com/ruff-ruffman-humble-media-genius/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[The Ruff Ruffman Show]]''¹ |September 28, 2017 |<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/blogs/news/pbs-kids-announces-the-return-of-fan-favorite-with-new-digital-series-the-ruff-ruffman-show/ PBS KIDS Announces the Return of Fan Favorite with New Digital Series: THE RUFF RUFFMAN SHOW. "PBS.org"]. Accessed November 20, 2017.</ref> |- |''PBS Kids Talk About'' |2018 | |- |''Scribbles and Ink''¹ |December 16, 2019 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roettgers |first1=Janko |title=PBS Kids Launches Interactive Online Series 'Scribbles and Ink' |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/pbs-kids-scribbles-ink-interactive-series-1203445850/ |website=Variety |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=17 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Scribbles & Ink |url=https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/scribbles-and-ink |website=Global Mechanic |access-date=4 May 2024 |archive-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504221116/https://www.globalmechanic.com/news/view/scribbles-and-ink |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman#Team Hamster!|Team Hamster]]'' |December 28, 2020 |- |''Search It Up!'' |2020 | |- |''Mega Wow!'' |2021 |<ref>{{cite web |title=PBS KIDS Mega Wow will make you say Mega. Wow. |url=https://www.sisbro.com/news-blog/2021/9/9/pbs-kids-mega-wow-will-make-you-say-mega-wow |website=Sisbro Studios |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=9 September 2021}}</ref> |- |''Tiny Time Travel'' |March 15, 2024 |<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eakin |first1=Marah |title='Tiny Time Travel' shorts help kids learn emotional literacy |url=https://current.org/2024/03/tiny-time-travel-shorts-help-kids-learn-emotional-literacy/ |website=Current |access-date=4 May 2024 |date=26 March 2024}}</ref> |} ===Podcasts=== *''[[Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman]]'' Podcast (May 22, 2007−September 19, 2010)<ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! . Podcasts . PBS KIDS GO! |url=http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |website=pbskids.org |access-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923144051/http://pbskids.org/fetch/show/podcasts.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 |date=23 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FETCH! with Ruff Ruffman . Podcast . PBS KIDS GO! |url=https://podbay.fm/p/fetch-with-ruff-ruffman-podcast-or-pbs-kids-go |website=podbay.fm |access-date=4 May 2024}}</ref> *''[[Molly of Denali|Molly of Denali Podcast]]'' (May 30, 2019−April 21, 2021) *''[[Pinkalicious & Peterrific|The Pinkalicious & Peterrific Podcast]] ''(October 28, 2020−March 13, 2025) *''[[Odd Squad]]cast'' (December 2, 2020−December 30, 2020) *''[[Arthur|The Arthur Podcast]]'' (October 20, 2022−present) *''Keyshawn Solves It'' (May 29, 2023−June 19, 2023) *''[[123 Andrés|Jamming on the Job]]'' (September 14, 2023−present) *''[[Work It Out Wombats!|Work It Out Wombats! Podcast]]'' (January 4, 2024−present) *''[[Lyla in the Loop|Lyla’s Loopcast]]'' (May 8, 2025−present) == Notes == {{reflist|group=note}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{PBS Kids shows}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List of programs broadcast by PBS Kidso}} [[Category:PBS Kids|*]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|PBS Kids]] pleenu34dnmj6sknrrtvleiy8k8xvae 3 799700 10882463 10881920 2026-06-09T17:00:05Z 10882463 wikitext text/x-wiki 10882467 10882463 2026-06-09T17:02:06Z Cewbot 687081 10882467 wikitext text/x-wiki 10882677 10882467 2026-06-09T21:32:45Z Ferien 1011873 /* Hi */ didn't even know your name until recently to be honest with you. 10882677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:Ferien/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 25 }} {{Talk header}} {{Usertalkback|you=notification|me=notification}} {{Userboxtop|Information}} {{Archive box|search=yes|style=background-color:#F9F9F9; border-color:#AAAAAA| *'''[[User 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talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2022/December|Dec]]''' *'''2023''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/July|Jul]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/August|Aug]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2023/December|Dec]]''' *'''2024''' *:'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/January|Jan]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/February|Feb]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/March|Mar]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/April|Apr]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/May|May]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2024/June|Jun]]''' *:'''[[User 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talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/September|Sep]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/October|Oct]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/November|Nov]]'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''[[User talk:Ferien/Archives/2025/December|Dec]]''' }} {{#Babel:en|de-2}} {{User:Gwib/timebox|1}} {{Userboxbottom}} Hello. Please leave messages for me here. Remember to sign with <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> and indent your replies using a : for each reply, if you are not using the "Reply" or "New topic" function. Thanks! <small>(Sections that have had no chat for 30 days get archived.)</small> [[File:Palace of Westminster, London - Feb 2007.jpg|850px]] == [[User:FerienBot2]] == Hi, does this bot still run on the Simple English Wikipedia? It hasn't edited since 2025. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-21551-23|&#126;2026-21551-23]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-21551-23|talk]]) 02:38, 8 April 2026 (UTC) :{{u|~2026-21551-23}}, it is something I have been putting off for quite a while, I meant to get it running again back in October. I think I fixed it I just never got it back onto my Pi. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 08:35, 8 April 2026 (UTC) == re-evaluate my submissions == Hello @[[User:Ferien|Ferien]], I hope you are doing well. Recently, my articles for the "Feminism and Folklore 2026" contest were marked as "not accepted" with 0 points because the pages were deleted and could not be found. My account was briefly globally locked due to a misunderstanding, which caused my pages to be temporarily deleted. However, Steward @[[User:M7|M7]] and the local admins have reviewed my case, completely cleared my account, and restored my pages. I have also reviewed the articles to ensure they meet all NPOV and quality guidelines. Could you please be so kind as to re-evaluate my submissions now? Thank you so much for your time and hard work! [[User:AMAN KUMAR|AMAN KUMAR]] ([[User talk:AMAN KUMAR|talk]]) 18:05, 10 April 2026 (UTC) :Hi {{u|AMAN KUMAR}}, please contact {{u|Haoreima}} about this, I am not evaluating submissions for this year's contest. Thanks, --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 23:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:56, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-16 == <section begin="technews-2026-W16" /><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16" /> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == Question and help == hello, I'm new here, can I ask for the rules and regulations of the Simple Wikipedia? Thank you, I appreciate your respond 🙏🏻😊 [[User:FloatingUniverse|FloatingUniverse]] ([[User talk:FloatingUniverse|talk]]) 13:47, 17 April 2026 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:34, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Content model Sanitized CSS == Hello, I would like to request help converting my subpage below into sanitized CSS. * [[User:Nathan Veritas/Assets/Auth.css]] Thank you. [[User_talk:Nathan_Veritas|<span style="padding:0 7px;background: linear-gradient(219deg,rgba(254, 213, 97, 1) 0%, rgba(20, 65, 107, 0.14) 59%);font-family:Palatino Linotype;font-weight:bold;color:#14416B;font-size:75%;">🏹Nathan Veritas</span>]] 13:15, 20 April 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Nathan Veritas}} {{done}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 19:21, 21 April 2026 (UTC) == Tech News: 2026-17 == <section begin="technews-2026-W17" /><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17" /> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:00, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:04, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Essay == You recently commented on my essay, but I figured that - if you'd like - you could suggest some corrections so I could improve it. So, I've created a [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk#c-BZPN-20260427134500-Essay thread on ST], and if you want, you're welcome to share your thoughts on my essay. I want my essay to be useful, and if you see anything in there that looks e.g. like gen-AI, I am happy to correct it. Thank you. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 14:13, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :Please refer to my response on AN, I will not be giving feedback on the essay beyond what I have said. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:20, 28 April 2026 (UTC) == Tech News: 2026-18 == <section begin="technews-2026-W18" /><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18" /> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == US Copyright Law - Fair Use == Please, familiarize yourself with [https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/ U.S. Copyright Office Fair Use Index] [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20428-62|&#126;2026-20428-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20428-62|talk]]) 14:14, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{u|~2026-20428-62}}, that's actually not relevant here, as the work is published in Australia, however on reviewing again, I see it is Creative Commons. Please keep in mind though, you should not be copying from sources either way, as your writing really needs to be much simpler. The state of the page was nowhere near Simple English for the scope of our Wikipedia. I will restore the page now. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::First of all comes Copyrigright Law then Creative Commons' Kindly please, put back my article [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20428-62|&#126;2026-20428-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20428-62|talk]]) 14:24, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :{{tps}} {{ec}} @[[User:~2026-20428-62|~2026-20428-62]] It is not fair use to copy the contents of another website without giving any attribution or commentary to it. Fair use is if you use a quote from the Lord of the Rings and discuss that quote's significance in an article. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 14:17, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::No I did not vilate copyright law of any country See [https://copyright.unimelb.edu.au/shared/using-copyright-material/fair-dealing Australia] [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20428-62|&#126;2026-20428-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20428-62|talk]]) 14:22, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:~2026-20428-62|~2026-20428-62]], Ignoring the fact that the article is [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY 4.0] (which you did violate by the way since you did not give any proper attribution to the author...) :::{{quote|Fair dealing only applies to certain purposes: :::* Research or study :::* Criticism or review :::* Access by a person with a disability :::* Parody or satire :::* Reporting the news :::* Judicial proceedings or professional advice. :::}} :::* Research or study: You copied the article with no visible intent that it's supposed to be a research about the article. Yes, ''the article'', not B. Wongar. Fair use doesn't apply. It would if you say, discussed the article's writing style, or the intent behind writing the article, etc. :::* Criticism or review: I do not see any criticism or review of the article that you copied and pasted. Fair use doesn't apply :::* Access by a person with a disability: I do not see anything in your copy that made it more accessible to people with disability. No braille support, no TTS, etc. Fair use doesn't apply :::* Parody or satire: I don't see anything parodying the article or poking fun of it. Fair use doesn't apply :::* Reporting the news: I don't see anything in your copy that could be taken as news reporting about the article. Fair use doesn't apply :::* Judicial proceedings or professional advice. I don't think Wikipedia is the right place for this and I don't see anything related to court procedures in your copy. Fair use doesn't apply :::Please familiarize yourself with how fair use actually works instead of using it as an excuse to copy content wholesale. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 14:32, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::::Yes, I did. Did you. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20428-62|&#126;2026-20428-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20428-62|talk]]) 14:34, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:~2026-20428-62|~2026-20428-62]] I don't think this needs to be dragged out further, but in the future please avoid copying content from other websites whole without first checking the license and simplifying the content, and don't use fair use as excuse to copy content. — [[User:Fehufanga|*Fehufangą]] ♮ [[User talk:Fehufanga|✉ Talk page]] 14:37, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::::::This is blatant, outrageus accusation. I newer ever copied content from other pages. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-20428-62|&#126;2026-20428-62]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-20428-62|talk]]) 14:44, 28 April 2026 (UTC) :::::Don’t get mouthy. You can’t copy a whole article because it’s plagiarism. Even if you cite your source. [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 14:40, 28 April 2026 (UTC) ::::::Stop talking nonsense! I never ever kopied whole article in the B Wongar article! == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:06, 28 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:16, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Tech News: 2026-19 == <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:54, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == Tech News: 2026-20 == <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == regarding the removal of "Sofiane Baddouri" to prevent him from being indexed by search engines == Hello,@[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] I am writing to you because, in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), I do not want the name "Sofiane Baddouri"—which refers to a real person—to be indexed or appear in Google search or search engines results. Therefore, I have modified and removed this name. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-28614-30|&#126;2026-28614-30]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-28614-30|talk]]) 19:15, 12 May 2026 (UTC) == Tech News: 2026-21 == <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:05, 21 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Tech News: 2026-22 == <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:56, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Tech News: 2026-23 == <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Tech News: 2026-24 == <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> 0apigj8v5n7clmegzdpmkt9mtbguyl4 0 802146 10882840 8189445 2026-06-10T01:49:20Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Politician |name = Victor Popa |image = |caption = |office = Member of the [[Moldovan Parliament]] |term_start = 2010 |term_end = 2013 |predecessor = |successor = |office2 = |term_start2 = |term_end2 = |predecessor2 = |successor2 = |birth_date = {{birth date|1949|04|15|df=y}} |birth_place = {{ill|Poiana, Ungheni|lt=Poiana|ro}}, [[Boghenii Noi]] |death_date = {{death date and age|2020|11|15|1949|04|15|df=yes}} |death_place = |party = [[Liberal Party (Moldova)|Liberal Party]] <br>[[Alliance for European Integration]] <small>(2009–2020)</small> |otherparty = |spouse = |children = |alma_mater = |profession = }} '''Victor Popa''' (15 April 1949 – 15 November 2020) was a [[Moldova]]n politician. He was a member of the [[Parliament of Moldova]] from 2010 until 2013. He left office when he was named a Justice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova.<ref>[http://www.parlament.md/StructuraParlamentului/Deputies/tabid/87/Id/321/Default.aspx Popa Victor]</ref> Popa died on 15 November 2020 at the age of 71.<ref>[https://tv8.md/2020/11/14/a-decedat-victor-popa-fost-judecator-la-curtea-constitutionala/ A decedat Victor Popa, fost judecător la Curtea Constituțională] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.imedia.md/listview.php?l=en&idc=270&id=1166 Popa Victor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023210214/http://imedia.md/listview.php?l=en |date=2011-10-23 }} * [http://www.pl.md Site-ul Partidului Liberal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308113412/https://www.pl.md/ |date=2022-03-08 }} * [https://www.youtube.com/partidulliberal Canal multimedia PL pe YouTube] * [http://parlamentvirtual.2009.md/index.php?mod=rezultate Parlamentul Virtual] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317073449/http://parlamentvirtual.2009.md/index.php?mod=rezultate |date=2009-03-17 }} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Popa, Victor}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:2020 deaths]] [[Category:Moldovan politicians]] [[Category:Judges]] tid0upwf66jlj6anibt9jzomrjepvxf 0 813755 10882909 10338513 2026-06-10T03:51:58Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Laureate-heckman-james.jpg|Laureate-heckman-james.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 2 June 2026. 10882909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox economist | school_tradition = [[Chicago School of Economics]] | image = | caption = | image_size = 200px | birth_name = James Joseph Heckman | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|4|19}} | birth_place = [[Chicago, Illinois]] | death_date = | death_place = | institution = [[University of Chicago]]<br/>[[University of Southern California]]<br />[[University of Chicago Law School]]<br />[[Columbia University]] | field = [[Microeconomics]] | alma_mater = [[Princeton University]] (Ph.D.)<br />[[Colorado College]] (B.A.) | doctoral_advisor = [[Harry H. Kelejian]]<br>[[Stanley Warren Black]] | doctoral_students = [[Carolyn Heinrich]]<br>[[George Borjas]]<br>[[Stephen Cameron]]<br>[[Mark Rosenzweig (economist)|Mark Rosenzweig]]<br>[[Russ Roberts]] | influences = [[Albert Rees]]<br>[[Gary Becker]]<br>[[Jacob Mincer]] | influenced = [[Stephen Cameron]]<br />[[Carolyn Heinrich]]<br/>[[Werner G. Krebs]] | contributions = [[Heckman correction]] | awards = [[John Bates Clark Medal]] (1983)<br />[[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics]] (2000)<br />[[Frisch Medal]] (2014) }} '''James Joseph Heckman''' (born April 19, 1944) is an American economist. He won the [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] in 2000. He works at the [[University of Chicago]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cehd.uchicago.edu/page/professor-james-heckman|title=Professor James Heckman}}</ref> He is Co-Director of Human Capital and Economic Opportunity (HCEO) Global Working Group.<ref name="heckmanprofile">{{cite web|url= https://economics.uchicago.edu/directory/james-j-heckman|title= Prof. Heckman's University of Chicago Department of Economics Profile}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heckman, James}} [[Category:1944 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American economists]] [[Category:Scientists from Chicago]] [[Category:Nobel Prize in Economics winners]] {{Nobel Prize in economics}} {{US-bio-stub}} 70753hoobsgk4zwfied5th7t5xcwpph 0 822416 10882420 10628703 2026-06-09T15:56:12Z ~2026-34113-19 1819159 10882420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{no sources|date=April 2025}} {{Infobox television channel | name = ITV4 | logo = ITV4 logo 2013.svg | logo_caption = 2013 Logo | logo_alt = ITV4.svg | launch_date = {{start date and age|2005|11|1|df=y}} | closed_date = {{end date and age|2026|6|9|df=y}} | picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]]<br>{{small|(downscaled to [[16:9]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)}} | country = United Kingdom | slogan = ''The home of sport and cult classics'' | owner = [[ITV Digital Channels]]<br>([[ITV plc]]) | replaced = [[ITV News Channel]] | sister_channels = [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]]<br>[[ITV2]]<br>[[ITV3]]<br>[[ITVBe]]<br>[[CITV]] | timeshift_service = ITV4 +1 | web = {{URL|https://www.itv.com/watch?channel=itv4}} | terr_serv_1 = [[Freeview (UK)|Freeview]] | terr_chan_1 = Channel 25<br>Channel 89 (+1) | sat_serv_1 = [[Freesat]] | sat_chan_1 = Channel 117<br>Channel 154 (+1) | sat_serv_2 = [[Sky UK|Sky]] | sat_chan_2 = Channel 120 (HD)<br>Channel 220 (+1)<br>Channel 818 (SD) | sat_serv_3 = [[Astra 2E]] <small>([[Astra 28.2°E|28.2°E]])</small> | sat_chan_3 = 10758 V 22000 5/6 | sat_serv_5 = [[Astra 2G]] <small>([[Astra 28.2°E|28.2°E]])</small> | sat_chan_5 = 11097 V 23000 3/4 (HD) | cable_serv_1 = [[Virgin Media]] | cable_chan_1 = Channel 118 (SD)<br>Channel 175 (+1)<br>Channel 178 (HD) | cable_serv_2 = [[Virgin Media Ireland]] | cable_chan_2 = Channel 132 | cable_serv_3 = [[UPC Switzerland|UPC]]<br><small>(Switzerland)</small> | cable_chan_3 = Channel 208 | cable_serv_4 = Citycable<br><small>(Switzerland)</small> | cable_chan_4 = Channel 408 | cable_serv_5 = [[WightFibre]] | cable_chan_5 = Channel 8 | iptv_serv_1 = [[Swisscom]]TV<br><small>(Switzerland)</small> | iptv_chan_1 = Channel arbitrary | iptv_serv_2 = FL1<br><small>(Liechtenstein)</small> | iptv_chan_2 = Channel 116 | online_serv_1 = [[ITVX]] | online_chan_1 = [http://www.itv.com/watch?channel=itv4 Watch live] <small>(UK only)</small> | online_serv_2 = [[TVPlayer]] | online_chan_2 = [http://tvplayer.com/watch/itv4 Watch live] <small>(UK only)</small> | online_serv_3 = Virgin TV Go | online_chan_3 = [http://anywhere.virginmedia.com/channels/live/itv4/ Watch live] <small>(UK only)</small><br>[https://www.virginmediatv.ie/en/live-channels.html Watch live] <small>(Ireland only)</small> | online_serv_4 = [[Sky Go]] | online_chan_4 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20140528023020/http://go.sky.com/vod/page/default/home.do Watch live]<br/>(UK only) }} '''ITV4''' is a free [[television channel]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. It is owned by [[ITV Digital Channels]], a part of [[ITV plc]]. It started on 1 November 2005. The channel shows [[sport]], [[police]] shows, and [[action|cult classic]] films (such as [[James Bond]]). It also shows some [[United States|American]] [[comedy|comedies]] and [[drama]]s. ==Programming== <!-- Please keep this section tidy. We only need 20 shows here, not every single show which has been broadcast on the channel. Thank you! --> * ''[[Alias Smith and Jones]]'' (Originally shown on [[BBC One|BBC1]] and [[BBC Two|BBC2]]) * ''[[The Avengers (TV series)|The Avengers]]'' * ''[[Ax Men]]'' * ''[[Bear Grylls: Mission Survive]]'' * ''[[Benidorm (TV series)|Benidorm]]'' (also shown on [[ITV2]]) * ''The Big Fish Off'' * ''Britain's Busiest Motorway'' * ''[[The Car Chasers]]'' * ''Car Crash Global'' * ''[[Canadian Pickers|Cash Cowboys]]'' * ''[[The Chase (UK game show)|The Chase]]'' (also shown on [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]] and [[Challenge (TV channel)|Challenge]]) * ''Clint Eastwood Movies'' * ''[[Columbo]]'' (also shown on [[ITV3]] and [[5USA]]) * ''The Darts Show'' * ''[[Dempsey and Makepeace]]'' * ''[[Duck Dynasty]]'' * ''Fierce'' * ''[[Fifth Gear]]'' * ''[[Guest House Paradiso]]'' * ''[[Hell on Wheels (TV series)|Hell on Wheels]]'' * ''[[Hornblower (TV series)|Hornblower]]'' * ''[[Ironside (1967 TV series)|Ironside]]'' * ''[[Kojak]]'' * ''[[Magnum, P.I.]]'' * ''[[Minder (TV series)|Minder]]'' (the ITV series) * ''The Motorbike Show'' * ''[[Mr. Bean]]'' (also shown on [[Trace Vault]] and [[CITV]]) * ''[[The New Avengers (TV series)|The New Avengers]]'' * ''[[Nitro Circus]]'' * ''[[Only When I Laugh (TV series)|Only When I Laugh]]'' * ''[[Pawn Stars]]'' (also shown on [[History (European TV channel)|History]], [[Lifetime (British and Irish TV channel)|Lifetime]] and [[Blaze (TV channel)|Blaze]]) * ''[[The Persuaders!|The Persuaders]]'' * ''[[The Professionals (TV series)|The Professionals]]'' * ''[[The Protectors]]'' * ''[[Quincy, M.E.]]'' * ''[[River Monsters]]'' (also shown on [[Animal Planet (British TV channel)|Animal Planet]] and [[DMAX (British TV channel)|DMAX]]) * ''[[Robin of Sherwood]]'' * ''[[The Saint (TV series)|The Saint]]'' * ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)|Sherlock Holmes]]'' * ''[[Space Precinct]]'' * ''[[Storage Wars]]'' * ''[[Storage Wars: New York]]'' * ''[[Storage Wars: Texas]]'' * ''[[The Sweeney]]'' * ''[[Tenable]]'' ===Original programming=== * ''[[Take the Tower]]'' (2018–present) * ''[[Football Genius]]'' (2018–present) * ''Speed Freaks'' (2019–present) {{ITV}} {{UK television channels}} {{tv-stub}} [[Category:British television channels]] [[Category:2005 establishments in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:2026 disestablishments in the United Kingdom]] amk79538cx2oh9rndsazu89vb686772 0 842761 10883026 10166444 2026-06-10T09:32:30Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10883026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Quinta_del_biberon.jpg|thumb| Lleida. - Commemorative plaque of the XXII meeting of the Quinta del Biberón.]] The '''"Leva del Biberón"''' (also known as the '''"Quinta del Biberón ",''' baby bottle in Spanish) was the name given to the [[Impressment|levies]] of [[1938]] and [[1939]] throughout the territory that republican Spain still controlled during the last years of the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish civil war]]. Mobilized by order of the President of the [[Second Spanish Republic]], Manuel Azaña, at the end of [[April]] [[1938]]. At that time, Franco's troops had attacked [[Lleida|Lérida]], Gandesa, [[Balaguer]], Tremp and Camarasa and were taking control of the last points of republican resistance. In total, some 30,000 young people were called up, <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vavel.com/es/historia/2013/01/16/209633-leva-del-biberon-la-adolescencia-entre-fusiles.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-05-17 |archive-date=2018-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130308/https://www.vavel.com/es/historia/2013/01/16/209633-leva-del-biberon-la-adolescencia-entre-fusiles.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> coming from all over the national territory on the Republican side: [[Murcia]], [[Catalonia]], Old Castilla and [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]], among others. They were under the command of Lluís Companys, among whom would be counted future personalities such as Jesús Blasco. First, they had to cover auxiliary tasks, but on July 25, 1938, they were already participating in the Republican offensive of the Battle of the Ebro, the vast majority being minors, reaching, some as children, only 14 years old. It is believed that it received this name when Federica Montseny referred to all of them in this way: ''“Seventeen years old? but they still are sucking the baby bottle!»''.<ref>Esteve Molero ''Les quintes del biberó''. El Prat de Llobregat: Rúbrica, 2000</ref> They were in the bloody battles of Merengue and Baladredo, both at the Segre front during the so-called offensive of Catalonia. They also took part in the Battle of the Ebro <ref>[http://www.diariomedico.com/edicion/diario_medico/especialidades/pediatria/es/desarrollo/751367.html Un pediatra surgido de la 'Quinta del biberón'], ''Diario médico'', [[3 March]] of [[2007]]</ref> and some were assigned to the Alpine battalion, in the [[Lleida]] [[Pyrenees]] . After the war, very different fates ran. Some went into exile in [[France]] and ended up in the [[Concentration camp|concentration camps]] of Argelès-Sur-Mer, Saint-Cyprien and [[Agde|Agda]] . Others, in the Francoist prisons and in the concentration camps of [[Vitoria-Gasteiz|Vitoria]] and [[Miranda de Ebro]] and others went to battalions of workers distributed throughout [[Spain]] and did military service in [[Zaragoza]], [[Barcelona]] and even in the Spanish Sahara. Another part of the young people was freed by the Franco regime in case of being captured since, as was normal throughout the conflict, most of the ideology of those called up was not reciprocal to the side that forced them to enlist under duress to a large extent. of the cases. In 1983, some 307 survivors and 412 relatives founded the «Agrupación de Supervivientes de la Leva del Biberón-41». <ref>{{Cite web|title=Projecte Biberons|url=http://biberons41.en.eresmas.com/projectebiberons.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225235345/http://biberons41.en.eresmas.com/projectebiberons.html|archive-date=25 February 2009|access-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1930s in Spain]] [[Category:1938]] 5sfwzzlh12fpmpnw5xn6n890eoe3b6w 0 843289 10882513 10875766 2026-06-09T18:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Israel_and_Palestine_Peace.svg|thumb|249x249px|A peace movement poster: [[Flag of Israel|Israeli]] and [[Flag of Palestine|Palestinian flags]] and the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] words for ''peace''. This picture has been used by many groups that support a two-state solution to the conflict.]] The '''two-state solution''' to the [[Israel–Palestine conflict]] usually means a plan for an independent [[State of Palestine]] alongside the [[Israel|State of Israel]] in the territory of the former [[Mandatory Palestine]], west of the [[Jordan River]]. The boundary between the two states is still controversial and under negotiation, with Palestinian and Arab leadership. The rest of the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine (including [[Jerusalem]]) which did not form part of the Palestinian state would continue to be part of Israel.<ref name="Morris2008p66">{{cite book|author=Benny Morris|title=1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=24 July 2013|year=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|pages=66, 67, 72|isbn=9780300126969|quote=" p.66, at 1946 "The League demanded independence for Palestine as a "unitary" state, with an Arab majority and minority rights for the Jews." ; p.67, at 1947 "The League’s Political Committee met in Sofar, Lebanon, on 16–19 September, and urged the Palestine Arabs to fight partition, which it called "aggression", "without mercy". The League promised them, in line with Bludan, assistance "in manpower, money and equipment" should the United Nations endorse partition." ; p. 72, at December 1947 "The League vowed, in very general language, "to try to stymie the partition plan and prevent the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine"}}</ref> The two-state solution is supported by many countries, as well as the [[Palestinian Authority]].<ref name="CBC News-2024">{{Cite news|date=1 February 2024|title=Palestinian Authority ready to work with an Israeli government that backs two-state solution: PM Shtayyeh|website=CBC News|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/palestinian-authority-two-state-solution-israeli-government-1.7102024|accessdate=3 September 2024}}</ref> Israel does not support the idea, although it has in the past.<ref name="Magid-2024">{{Cite web|last=Magid|first=Jacob|date=2024-07-18|title=Knesset overwhelmingly passes motion rejecting Palestinian statehood, days before PM's US trip|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/knesset-overwhelmingly-passes-motion-rejecting-palestinian-statehood-days-before-pms-us-trip/|access-date=2024-08-18|website=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> == History == [[File:UNGA Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine Annex A Plan of Partition with Economic Union.gif|thumb|UN Partition Plan for Palestine, 1947]] The first proposal for a separate [[Jew|Jewish]] and [[Arab people|Arab]] state in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] was made by the [[:en:Peel_Commission|Peel Commission]] report in 1937.<ref name="Morris-2009a">{{Citation|last=Morris|first=Benny|title=The History of One-State and Two-State Solutions|date=2009-04-28|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1np7rh.7|work=One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict|pages=28–160|publisher=Yale University Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctt1np7rh.7|isbn=978-0-300-15604-1|access-date=2024-06-28|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In 1947, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] adopted a [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|partition plan for Palestine]], dividing it into a Jewish state and Palestinian state, with [[Jerusalem]] under international control. Most [[Zionism|Zionist]] groups accepted the plan, because they thought it was a first step towards [[Irredentism|expanding their territory]], while the [[:en:Arab_Higher_Committee|Arab Higher Committee]], the [[Arab League]], Arab leaders and independent Arab governments rejected it because Arabs made up a two-thirds majority in Palestine and owned most of the land, and said that dividing Palestine broke the principle of national [[self-determination]] in the UN charter.<ref>{{Citation|title=The 1947 Partition Plan|date=2022|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-law-and-the-arabisraeli-conflict/1947-partition-plan/BF9BEE2E6380D9CEAD0C710C6AC51C63|work=International Law and the Arab-Israeli Conflict|pages=93–101|editor-last=Sabel|editor-first=Robbie|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781108762670.006|isbn=978-1-108-48684-2|access-date=2023-10-31|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This would lead to the [[1947–1949 Palestine war|1948 Palestine war]]. After the war, the State of Israel [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel|was established]] on the land given to the Jewish state, as well as 60% of the land that was supposed to go to the Arab state. Israel also took control of [[:en:West_Jerusalem|West Jerusalem]], which was supposed to be part of the international zone, and [[Jordan]] took control of [[East Jerusalem]] and the [[West Bank]] of the [[Jordan River]], while [[Egypt]] occupied the [[Gaza Strip]]. Nowadays, the [[Palestine Liberation Organization|Palestine Liberation Organisation]] (PLO) has accepted the idea of two states since the 1982 Arab Summit, as long as there would be a Palestinian state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem.<ref name="CBC News-20242" /> In 2017, [[Hamas]] updated their charter that accepts the idea of a Palestinian state with these borders, but without [[International recognition of Israel|recognising Israel]]. East Jerusalem was annexed from Jordan and remains in Israel ever since, with Jerusalem as Israel's [[capital city]]. At the moment, there is no two-state solution being negotiated between Israel and Palestine. The [[Palestinian Authority]] accepts the two-state solution, and Israel once accepted it, but now rejects it. [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] disagrees with the idea.<ref name="Azulay-2015" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-01|title=Palestinians furious over Netanyahu claims that Israel must 'crush' statehood ambitions|url=https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/article-748435|access-date=2024-07-26|website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|language=en|issn=0792-822X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-26|title=Netanyahu's call to block creation of Palestinian state sparks fury, condemnation|url=https://arab.news/ju7du|access-date=2024-07-26|website=Arab News|language=en}}</ref> Former Israeli prime ministers [[Ehud Barak]] and [[Ehud Olmert]] in late 2023 expressed support for a two-state solution.<ref name="Cortellessa-2023">{{Cite magazine|last=Cortellessa|first=Eric|date=2023-11-06|title=Former Israeli Prime Minister: Israel's Endgame in Gaza Should be a Palestinian State|url=https://time.com/6332127/israel-palestine-war-ehud-barak/|magazine=[[TIME]]|access-date=2023-12-21|archive-date=2024-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217202000/https://time.com/6332127/israel-palestine-war-ehud-barak/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Palestine (country)|State of Palestine]] claims the territories of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem but is currently [[Israeli-occupied territories|occupied by Israel]], which is illegal according to [[international law]]. The biggest points of disagreement between Israelis and [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]] are the borders between Israel and Palestine (although it is usually based on the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]]) status of [[Jerusalem]], the [[Israeli settlements]] and the [[:en:Palestinian_right_of_return|right to return]] of [[Palestinian refugees]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Related pages== *[[Zionism#Current views|Zionism]] {{stub}} [[Category:Arab–Israeli conflict]] 8wnkgwl512qotobka6syqrdsb9ccc4j 0 848237 10882732 7691152 2026-06-09T23:25:57Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vadim Cojocaru''' (May 19, 1961 – June 7, 2021) was a [[Moldova]]n politician. He was a member of the [[Liberal Party (Moldova)|Liberal Party]] and [[Alliance for European Integration]]. From 2009 until 2014, he was a member of the [[Parliament of the Republic of Moldova|Moldovan Parliament]]. Cojocaru died on June 7, 2021 in [[Chișinău]], Moldova at the age of 60.<ref>[https://protv.md/actualitate/un-fost-deputat-al-partidului-liberal-reformator-a-decedat---2569461.html Un fost deputat al Partidului Liberal Reformator a decedat] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.parlament.md/structure/deputees/COJOCARUVadim/ Vadim COJOCARU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316083836/http://www.parlament.md/structure/deputees/COJOCARUVadim/ |date=2010-03-16 }} * [http://www.parlament.md/ Site-ul Parlamentului Republicii Moldova] * [http://www.pl.md Site-ul Partidului Liberal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308113412/https://www.pl.md/ |date=2022-03-08 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cojocaru, Vadim}} [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:2021 deaths]] [[Category:Moldovan politicians]] {{bio-stub}} kfdtcizgsc49mewy8fq9uexyqapji2q 10 863124 10882833 10881995 2026-06-10T01:33:24Z Cyberbot I 224035 Updating Admin Stats ([[en:WP:PEACHY|Peachy 2.0 (alpha 8)]]) 10882833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Adminstats/Core |edits=96703 |ed=103729 |created=4 |deleted=9356 |revdel=1101 |eventdel=57 |restored=448 |blocked=3672 |protected=444 |unprotected=63 |rights=270 |reblock=177 |unblock=21 |modify=61 |filter=67 |merge=0 |massmessage=0 |rename=0 |import=413 |style={{{style|}}}}} 8lm349msq280dqxeynt3mafobtscsdr 0 866243 10882267 9837550 2026-06-09T12:00:02Z Darkfrog24 508885 10882267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image =Boana paranaiba - Lucas Mantelo Cruz - 652896686.jpeg | status = LC | status-ref =<ref name=IUCN /> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Boana paranaiba | authority = (Carvalho and Giaretta, 2010) | range_map = |synonyms=*''Hypsiboas paranaiba'' Carvalho and Giaretta, 2010 *''Boana paranaiba'' Dubois, 2017 | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} '''''Boana paranaiba''''' is a [[frog]] that lives in [[Brazil]].<ref name=AMNH>{{cite journal|access-date=August 25, 2021 |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]]|journal=[[Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference]] |title=''Boana paranaiba'' (Carvalho and Giaretta, 2010) |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Hylidae/Cophomantinae/Boana/Boana-paranaiba}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{cite web|publisher=Amphibiaweb |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/7512 |title=''Boana paranaiba'' |access-date=August 25, 2021}}</ref><ref name=IUCN>{{cite IUCN |title=''Boana paranaiba'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/83539002/86256019 |page=e.T83539002A86256019 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T83539002A86256019.en |id=83539002 |year=2023 |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group|author2=Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna |accessdate=June 3, 2026}}</ref> ==Body== The scientists who wrote the first paper about this frog said the adult male frog was 46.3–52.3 mm long [[snout-vent length|from nose to rear end]] and the adult female frog 46.2–51.2 mm long. The iris of the eye can be bronze in color or gray in color. It can have a blue ring in it. Sometimes there is only half a blue rung. The skin of its back is reddish or yellow in color. It has dark spots. There are wide, brown stripes down its back and all four legs. There is white color around these brown stripes. This frog has a thin white line on its mouth. It has a dark brown line from its nose to each eye. It has a dark brown line under its ear. It has dark spots near its [[jaw]]. Its belly is yellow or whitish in color. The insides of the back legs are dark brown with light spots.<ref name=Des>{{cite journal|url=https://carvalhothiago.weebly.com/uploads/3/2/1/9/32197467/carvalho_et_al_2010_hypsiboas_paranaiba.pdf|accessdate=June 30, 2022|journal=Zootaxa|volume=2521|title=A new species of Hypsiboas Wagler (Anura: Hylidae) closely related to ''H. multifasciatus'' Günther from southeastern Brazil|author1=THIAGO RIBEIRO DE CARVALHO|author2=ARIOVALDO ANTONIO GIARETTA2|author3=KÁTIA GOMES FACURE|type=Full text|pages=37–52|date=June 29, 2010|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2521.1.3}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Name== The frog is named after the [[Paranaíba River]]. The name ''paranabia'' comes from the [[Tupi language]]. It means "large river with muddy water." The Tupi people live near where the frog lives.<ref name=Des /> ==Home== This frog can live in a few different [[biome|kinds of places]]. People have seen it in Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forests, palm grove marshes, and nearby open areas. Scientists have seen it 600 m above sea level. Scientists have seen the frog in protected places: [[APA da Serra das Gales e da Portaria]], [[APA Serra da Jiboia]], [[MONA Ponte de Pedra do Rio Correntes]], and [[PARES do Jalapão]].<ref name=IUCN /> ==Young== Male frogs sing for female frogs on the ground or on plants. They can sit up to 2 m off the ground. Scientists saw that the male frogs had scars on their backs. The scars were not deep. The scientists think the male frogs might fight each other.<ref name=Des /> ==Danger== Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is [[least concern|not in danger]] of dying out. In some places, some frogs may be in danger when human beings [[habitat loss|change the places where the frogs live]] to make towns and places for cows to eat grass.<ref name=IUCN /> ==References== {{reflist}} {{Taxonbar|from1=Q3144376|from2=Q140136439}} [[Category:Frogs of South America]] {{biology-stub}} 2276snnqzbw0foc5k86at730sufnmin 0 869948 10882948 10766525 2026-06-10T05:40:47Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer|name=Maulana Wahiduddin Khan|image=maulanawahiduddin.jpg|birth_date={{birth date|1925|1|1|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Azamgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[British India]]|death_date={{death date and age|2021|4|21|1924|12|14|df=y}}|death_place=[[New Delhi, Delhi]], India|occupation=Islamic spiritual leader, speaker and author|website={{url|www.maulanawahiduddinkhan.com}}|genre=[[Islamic literature]]|notableworks=[[Tazkirul Quran]]}} '''Maulana Wahiduddin Khan''' is an Islamic spiritual scholar who has adopted peace as the mission of his life. Known for his Gandhian views, he considers non-violence as the only method to achieve success. Internationally recognized for his contributions to world peace, he has received, among others, the Demiurgus Peace International Award, the [[Padma Bhushan]], the Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavna Award and the National Citizen's Award. A recent book, The 500 Most Influential Muslims of 2009 by Georgetown University, Washington DC, has named him “Islam’s Spiritual Ambassador to the world.” His approach, the book points out, is “popular among Indians, both Muslim and non-Muslim.” Born in Azamgarh in 1925, the Maulana was educated in a traditional seminary. From his early years, he showed a voracious appetite for modern knowledge, spending entire days in the library. As a result he became well versed in both classical Islamic learning and modern disciplines. His extensive research led him to conclude that the need of the hour was to present Islamic teachings in the style and language of the post-scientific era. == Other websites == * [http://twocircles.net/2010may25/maulana_wahiduddin_khan_muslim_leadership_contemporary_india.html Maulana Wahiduddin Khan on Muslim leadership in contemporary India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430150606/http://twocircles.net/2010may25/maulana_wahiduddin_khan_muslim_leadership_contemporary_india.html |date=2021-04-30 }} - TCN News * [https://books.google.com/books?id=d3Q7uZ8WpmMC&dq=Maulana+Wahiduddin+Khan&pg=PA49 Muslims in India since 1947: Islamic perspectives on inter-faith relations] * [http://tanzil.net/#trans/en.wahiduddin/ The Quran, A new translation] by Wahiduddin Khan * [http://www.alrisala.org/ Al-Risala Forum International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125034535/http://www.alrisala.org/ |date=2016-11-25 }} * [http://www.goodwordbooks.com/ Goodword Books] * [http://www.cpsglobal.org/ Centre for Peace and Spirituality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725055700/http://www.cpsglobal.org/ |date=2009-07-25 }} * [http://www.skhan.org/ Saniyasnain Khan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828035208/http://www.skhan.org/ |date=2008-08-28 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Wahiduddin}} [[Category:1925 births]] [[Category:2021 deaths]] [[Category:Imams]] [[Category:Nonviolence advocates]] [[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in New Delhi]] lbjci3pqv9x4adkhbi25mr45v74er7x 0 886671 10882466 8616974 2026-06-09T17:01:52Z Mistico Dois 877214 It does have a reference now. New category. 10882466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Michel Basquiat''' was a [[contemporary art]]ist from New York. He was born in 1960 and died in 1988. He is mainly known for his [[graffiti]] today. He is also known for being one of the first [[black people|black]] artists. Most if not all of his colleagues were white. He also had problems with [[illegal drugs]]. He died of an overdose of [[heroin]]. As an artist, he worked a lot with [[Andy Warhol]].<ref>https://p3.no/filmpolitiet/2022/03/the-andy-warhol-diaries/. [[NRK]].no. Retrieved 10 March 2022</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Basquiat, Jean-Michel}} [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:1988 deaths]] [[Category:American painters]] [[Category:Artists from New York (state)]] {{US-bio-stub}} e7w72m6f1wolo5zntd5ghnmcbyivd3h 0 886737 10883002 10877931 2026-06-10T09:07:22Z ~2026-34132-18 1819487 /* Animated */ 10883002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}} {{Use American English|date=July 2024}} [[File:2015 Disney XD logo.svg|right|200px]] This is a list of programs and specials formerly and currently broadcast by the children's cable television channel '''[[Disney XD]]''' in the United States, and previously throughout the world on its [[List of Disney XD TV channels|international sister networks]]. Dates listed below are for American premiere or finales. ==Current programming== === Original programming === * ¹ Indicates its program is shared with [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]¹'' |February 13, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|Select episodes premiered on Disney XD before airing on Disney Channel later.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Big City Greens]]¹'' |September 3, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|This series was originally going to air new episodes on Disney XD, but it instead began airing new episodes on Disney Channel while Disney XD would air reruns. Despite this, the show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its fourth season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Chibiverse]]¹'' |November 14, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Kiff (TV series)|Kiff]]¹'' |March 10, 2023 | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Current season !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Armorsaurs]]'' || October 13, 2025 |1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAKE Signs Global Two-Season Deal with Disney Branded Television for MGA Entertainment's 'Armorsaurs' Series |url=https://via.ritzau.dk/pressemeddelelse/14597394/mga-entertainment?publisherId=90446&lang=en}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Current season !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade X]]'' || July 13, 2024 |[[List of Beyblade X episodes#Season 2 (2024–25)|2]] | <ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan |title=Exclusive: Beyblade X Anime to Premiere in U.S. on Disney XD on July 13 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-07-04/exclusive-beyblade-x-anime-to-premiere-in-u.s-on-disney-xd-on-july-13/.212855 |website=Anime News Network |access-date=13 July 2024 |language=en |date=5 July 2024}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir]]¹'' || January 3, 2025 |[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir season 6|6]] |{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its sixth season.}} |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left; | ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!]]'' || January 11, 2025 |[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!! season 1|1]] | |} ===Repeats of ended series=== A list of programs currently broadcast in reruns. ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gravity Falls]]'' |August 5, 2012 |February 15, 2016 |2016–present |{{refn|group=note|name=disney channel|This series was originally syndicated from Disney Channel, but later moved to Disney XD.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Star vs. the Forces of Evil]]''² || February 16, 2015 || May 25, 2019 || 2019–21; 2023; 2026–present || {{refn|group=note|Moved to Disney Channel for its fourth and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Future-Worm!]]'' |August 1, 2016 |May 19, 2018 |2018–19; 2024–present |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/new-series-future-worm-to-air-on-disney-xd-in-fall-2015/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022091802/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/new-series-future-worm-to-air-on-disney-xd-in-fall-2015/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2016|title=New Series 'Future-Worm!' to Air on Disney XD in Fall 2015|date=February 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/future-worm-premiere-date-disney-xd-selma-blair-1201773054/|title='Future-Worm!' Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD; Selma Blair, Chelsea Peretti Among Guest Stars|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=June 15, 2016}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Milo Murphy's Law]]''² || October 3, 2016 || May 18, 2019 || 2019; 2021–25; 2026–present || {{refn|group=note|Moved to Disney Channel for its second and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer]]'' || June 3, 2017 || June 15, 2017 || 2017–18; 2020; 2026–present ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/disney-xd-announces-billy-dilly-and-country-club/|title=Disney XD Announces 'Billy Dilly' and 'Country Club'|date=March 4, 2016|website=animationmagazine.net|access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[DuckTales (2017)|DuckTales]]'' |August 12, 2017 |March 15, 2021 |2021–present |{{refn|group=note|The series was originally moved to Disney Channel on May 1, 2018. Disney XD continued to air reruns of the show when it was moved. Beginning on April 4, 2020, regular premieres were switched back to Disney XD. DuckTales is still considered both a Disney Channel & Disney XD original.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/06/ducktales-cartoon-reboot-premiere-date-disney-xd-1202113080/|title='DuckTales': Cartoon Reboot Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=June 14, 2017|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Big Hero 6: The Series]]'' || November 20, 2017 || February 15, 2021 || 2021–present || {{refn|group=note|This series premiered simultaneously on Disney Channel and Disney XD on November 20, 2017. It was intended for regular premieres on Disney XD afterward, but was instead moved to Disney Channel after the premiere of the first episode, while Disney XD continues to air re-runs. In 2020, regular premieres were switched back to Disney XD.}}<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1207836041337421826|title= I believe that is accurate. We've got fun stuff coming!|first=Mark|last=McCorkle|user=ridiculousmark|date=December 19, 2019|access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Owl House]]³'' || March 23, 2020 || April 8, 2023 || 2023–present || {{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its third and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Hamster & Gretel]]³'' || August 12, 2022 || April 13, 2025 || 2025–present ||{{refn|group=note|This series premiered simultaneously on Disney Channel and Disney XD on August 12, 2022. Regular premieres would premiere first on Disney Channel while Disney XD would air reruns on its first season. The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Zombies: The Re-Animated Series]]¹'' |June 28, 2024 |December 7, 2024 |2024–present | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Aaron Stone]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 30, 2010 || 2010–11; 2015; 2026–present ||<ref name=launch/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Zeke and Luther]]'' || June 15, 2009 || April 2, 2012 || 2012–17; 2026–present || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-channel-air-uninterrupted-lion-witch-wardrobe-friday|title=Disney Channel to Air Uninterrupted Lion, Witch, Wardrobe on Friday|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|work=Animation World Network|date=June 17, 2009}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lab Rats (American TV series)|Lab Rats]]'' || February 27, 2012 || February 3, 2016 || 2016–22; 2026–present || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/09/disney-xd-set-to-premiere-new-comedy-lab-rats-on-monday-february-27/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312102821/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/09/disney-xd-set-to-premiere-new-comedy-lab-rats-on-monday-february-27/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2016|title=Disney XD Set to Premiere New Comedy 'Lab Rats' on Monday, February 27|date=January 9, 2012|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |} ===Programming from Disney Channel=== ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[American Dragon: Jake Long]]'' |February 14, 2009 | |- |''[[Fish Hooks]]'' |February 19, 2011 | |- |''[[Kim Possible]]''² |February 3, 2014 | |- |''[[Lilo & Stitch: The Series]]'' |March 11, 2018 | |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' |August 5, 2019 | |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== ==Former programming== ===Original programming=== ====Animated series==== *¹ Indicates program moved from [[Jetix]]. *² Indicates program moved to the [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. *³ Indicates program is shared with the [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yin Yang Yo!]]''¹ || February 13, 2009 || April 18, 2009 || 2009–10 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil]]'' || February 13, 2010 || December 2, 2012 || 2012–21; 2023–24 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.toonzone.net/kick-buttowski-to-premiere-on-disney-xd-on-february-13-2010/|title="Kick Buttowski" to Premiere on Disney XD on February 13, 2010|last=Liu|first=Ed|work=Toonzone|date=January 20, 2010|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225422/http://www.toonzone.net/kick-buttowski-to-premiere-on-disney-xd-on-february-13-2010/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Motorcity (TV series)|Motorcity]]'' || April 30, 2012 || January 7, 2013 || 2013; 2015; 2020; 2023–24 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/motorcity-set-to-premiere-april-30-on-disney-xd-60560.html|title="Motorcity" Set To Premiere April 30 on Disney XD|date=April 5, 2012|last=Arrant|first=Chris|work=Cartoon Brew}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Tron: Uprising]]'' ||May 21, 2012 ||January 28, 2013 || 2013; 2015; 2020–25 ||<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-premiere-tron-uprising-may-18|title=Disney XD to Premiere 'Tron: Uprising' on May 18|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=May 3, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja]]'' || August 13, 2012 || July 27, 2015 || 2015–18; 2020–21 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/randy-cunningham-9th-grade-ninja-premieres-sept17|title='Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja' Premieres Sept.17|last=Washington|first=Ed|date=August 7, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Wander Over Yonder]]'' || December 9, 2013 || June 27, 2016 ||2016–21; 2023; 2025–26||{{refn|group=note|name=disney channel}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The 7D]]'' || July 7, 2014 || November 5, 2016 || 2016–17 || <ref>{{cite news|title='The 7D' Report for July 7 Disney XD Premiere|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/the-7d-report-for-july-7-disney-xd-premiere/|last=McLean|first=Thomas J.|access-date=June 16, 2014|work=Animation Magazine|date=December 10, 2014}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]'' || October 3, 2014 || March 5, 2018 || 2018; 2020–21; 2023–26 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]'' || December 5, 2014 || July 28, 2017 || 2017–21; 2026 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pickle and Peanut]]'' || September 7, 2015 || January 20, 2018 || 2018–22; 2024–26 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures]]'' || {{dts|2016|06|20}} || August 16, 2017 || 2017–18; 2021–22 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Right Now Kapow]]'' || September 19, 2016 || May 31, 2017 || 2017–18 || {{refn|name=RNKP|group=note|Produced and owned by rival company [[Warner Bros. Animation]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Ghost and Molly McGee]]³'' || January 10, 2022 || January 13, 2024 || 2024–26 ||{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Monsters at Work]]³'' || January 9, 2023 || May 4, 2024 || rowspan="2" | 2024 ||{{refn|group=note|This series aired as a Disney+ original in its first season but became a Disney Channel original and simulcast with Disney XD starting with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hailey's On It!]]³'' || June 8, 2023 || May 18, 2024 || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Primos (TV series)|Primos]]³'' || July 25, 2024 || April 27, 2025 || rowspan="2" | 2025–26 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[StuGo]]³'' || January 11, 2025 || May 3, 2025 |- ! colspan="5" | Marvel Universe programming |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Spectacular Spider-Man (TV series)|The Spectacular Spider-Man]]'' || March 23, 2009 || November 18, 2009 || 2009–10 || {{refn|group=note|First-run episodes started airing on June 22, 2009 after previously airing on [[Kids' WB]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes]]'' || October 20, 2010 || May 5, 2013 || 2013; 2023 || <ref name="TV by the Numbers">{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/20/the-avengers-earths-mightiest-heroes-premieres-wednesday-october-20-on-disney-xd/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409210646/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/20/the-avengers-earths-mightiest-heroes-premieres-wednesday-october-20-on-disney-xd/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 9, 2016|title='The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes!', Premieres Wednesday, October 20 on Disney XD|work=TV by the Numbers|date=September 20, 2010}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Ultimate Spider-Man (TV series)|Ultimate Spider-Man]]'' || April 1, 2012 || January 7, 2017 || 2017–21; 2023 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Avengers Assemble (TV series)|Avengers Assemble]]'' || May 26, 2013 || February 24, 2019 || 2019; 2022–23 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.]]'' || August 11, 2013 || June 28, 2015 || 2015; 2023 || <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://marvel.com/news/tv/20882/hulk_the_agents_of_smash_premieres_august_11|title=Hulk & the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Premieres August 11|date=July 12, 2013|work=Marvel}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]'' || September 5, 2015 || June 9, 2019 || 2019; 2021; 2023 ||<ref name="facebook.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/DisneyXD/photos/np.1437674472374680.100002347630276/953740354667396/|title=Facebook|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref><ref name="Broadway World">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disney-XD-Announces-September-2015-Programming-Highlights-20150828|title=Disney XD Announces September 2015 Programming Highlights|date=August 28, 2015|work=Broadway World|access-date=August 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/guardians-of-the-galaxy-animated-series-poster-reveal |title=Guardians of the Galaxy Animated Series Poster Reveal |work=[[IGN]] |first=Eric |last=Goldman |date=July 6, 2015 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708011911/http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/guardians-of-the-galaxy-animated-series-poster-reveal |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man (2017 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' || August 19, 2017 || October 25, 2020 || 2020–21; 2023 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur]]³'' || May 29, 2023 || March 8, 2025 || 2025–26 |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[I'm in the Band]]'' || November 27, 2009 || December 9, 2011 || 2011–12; 2015 ||<ref name=nov27>{{cite news|url=http://www.shineon-media.com/2009/10/21/skyrunners-im-in-the-band-coming-nov-27-to-disneyxd/|title='Skyrunners' & 'I'm In the Band' Coming Nov 27 to Disney XD|date=October 21, 2009|work=Shine On Media}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pair of Kings]]'' || September 22, 2010 || February 18, 2013 || 2013–16 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/08/30/disney-xds-pair-of-kings-premieres-september-22/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414014924/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/08/30/disney-xds-pair-of-kings-premieres-september-22/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 14, 2016|title=Disney XD's 'Pair of Kings' Premieres September 22|date=August 30, 2010|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kickin' It]]'' || June 13, 2011 || March 25, 2015 || 2015–17; 2020 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/05/16/disney-xd-premieres-martial-arts-themed-sitcom-kickin-it-and-season-two-of-pair-of-kings-monday-june-13/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312205905/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/05/16/disney-xd-premieres-martial-arts-themed-sitcom-kickin-it-and-season-two-of-pair-of-kings-monday-june-13/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2016|title=Disney XD Premieres Martial Arts-Themed Sitcom "Kickin' It" and Season Two of "Pair of Kings," Monday, June 13|date=May 16, 2011|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Crash & Bernstein]]'' || October 8, 2012 || August 11, 2014 || 2014 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-announces-crash-bernstein-premiere|title=Disney Announces 'Crash & Bernstein' Premiere|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=August 30, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mighty Med]]'' || October 7, 2013 || September 9, 2015 || 2015–16 || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/disney-xd-sets-debut-mighty-623331|title=Disney XD Sets Debut for 'Mighty Med' Comedy Series (Exclusive)|date=September 9, 2013|last=Ng|first=Philiana|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kirby Buckets]]'' || {{dts|2014|10|20}} || February 2, 2017 || 2017; 2020–21 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything]]'' || {{dts|2015|07|22}} || January 2, 2017 || 2017–18 || <ref name="TVSeriesFinale">{{cite news|first=Jessica|last=Pena|url=http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/gamers-guide-pretty-much-everything-cancelled-disney-xd-no-season-three|title=Gamer's Guide To Pretty Much Everything: Cancelled by Disney XD; No Season Three|work=TV Series Finale|date=January 10, 2017|access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lab Rats: Elite Force]]'' || March 2, 2016 || October 22, 2016 || 2016–17; 2021 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Walk the Prank]]'' || April 6, 2016 || July 16, 2018 || 2018–22 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mech-X4]]'' || December 5, 2016 || August 20, 2018 || 2021 ||{{refn|group=note|First-run episodes started airing on April 17, 2017 after previously airing on [[Disney Channel]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''G.O.A.T.'' || rowspan="2" | November 6, 2021 || rowspan="2" | April 23, 2022 || {{N/A}} || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Eye Wonder'' || {{N/A}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Roman to the Rescue'' || February 12, 2022 || August 20, 2022 || 2022 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/01/20/new-dodo-series-finds-a-forever-home-at-disney/|title=New Dodo Series Finds a Forever Home at Disney|first=Jeremy|last=Dickson|date=January 20, 2022|website=Kidscreen|access-date=February 7, 2022}}</ref> |} ====Miniseries==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales]]'' || {{dts|2015|07|06}} || November 2, 2015 || 2015–18 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/disney-to-retell-star-wars-saga-in-new-lego-tv-series/041648|title=Disney to retell Star Wars saga in new LEGO TV series|access-date=March 2, 2015|archive-date=March 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305112723/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/disney-to-retell-star-wars-saga-in-new-lego-tv-series/041648|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises]]'' || {{dts|2016|02|15}} || May 4, 2016 || {{N/A}} || |} ====Short series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Years aired !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Bruno the Great'' || rowspan="4" | 2009 || rowspan="3" | <ref name=launch/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Robodz'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Moises Rules'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Next X'' || rowspan="10" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Shreducation'' || 2009–10 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Disney XD Shortstop'' || rowspan="2" | 2009-11 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Team Smithereen'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[SportsCenter]] High-5'' || 2010–17 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Wipeout (2008 game show)|Wipeout]] Moments'' || 2010–11 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Gravity Falls episodes#Shorts|Gravity Falls]]'' shorts || 2013–14 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Future-Worm!]]'' shorts || 2015 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Two More Eggs]]'' || 2015–17 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Wander Over Yonder episodes#Shorts (2015)|Wander Over Yonder]]'' shorts || 2015 |- ! colspan="5" | Marvel Universe shorts |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Guardians of the Galaxy'' shorts || 2017 || <ref name="TV by the Numbers"/> |- |} ====DXP programming==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Production company !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Format !! class="unsortable" | Ref(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Parker Plays]]'' | Disney Digital Network<br />Digomind Productions | rowspan="3" | July 15, 2017 | November 19, 2018 | rowspan="2" | Playthroughs | <ref name="tf">{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Geoff |date=June 15, 2017 |title=Disney XD Taps Maker's Jacksepticeye, ParkerGames, Strawburry17 For Summer TV Block - Tubefilter |work=Tubefilter |url=http://www.tubefilter.com/2017/06/15/disney-xd-maker-studios-jacksepticeye-parkergames-strawburry17-tv/ |access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Player Select'' | Attack Media | November 23, 2020 | <ref name="tf"/><ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney XD |user=DisneyXD |number=1143577910030286849 |date=June 25, 2019 |title=JackSepticEye is back with his friends to run through an ever-changing, fast-paced mashup of video games featuring Fortnite, Mother Simulator, Destiny and much more! 🎮 New episodes of #PlayerSelect premiere every Monday through Wednesday at 6:30pm! https://t.co/KOiS3GBolc |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvpassport.com/series/polaris-player-select/344952|title=TVPassPort|access-date=August 29, 2019}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Polaris Primetime'' | [[Maker Studios]]<br />Digomind Productions | September 2, 2017 | Playthrough gaming variety show hosted by [[Jimmy Wong]] and [[Strawburry17]] | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/polaris-primetime/episodes/1082102/ | title=Polaris Primetime | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''The IGN Show'' | [[IGN]] | rowspan="2" | July 17, 2017 | September 8, 2017 | Daily show | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-ign-show/episodes/1088058/ | title=The IGN Show| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name=tf/><ref>{{cite tweet |author=IGN |user=IGN |number=886970363363549184 |date=July 17, 2017 |title=TONIGHT at 9:30pm on the PREMIERE of #TheIGNShow on @DisneyXD's #DXP - we talk to @WWERollins about being the cover superstar for @WWE 2K18! https://t.co/1tdoxGLwJf |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Play with Caution'' | [[Blue Ribbon Content]] | July 20, 2017 | Competition show | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/play-with-caution/EP02730446?aid=zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726221737/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/play-with-caution/EP02730446?aid=zap2it|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 26, 2017|title=TV Listings: Play With Caution|work=[[Zap2It]] | access-date=July 25, 2017 | at=Click Episode Guide to go through program history, otherwise current schedule shows it is airing on Disney XD with premiere episodes on Mondays}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/play-with-caution/1085804/ | title=Play With Caution | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726221641/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/play-with-caution/1085804/ | archive-date=2017-07-26 | url-status=live | at=Click Overview to get to current listings show confirm to be broadcast on Disney XD. Click Episodes to find the premiere episode aired on July 17, 2017 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''The Attack'' | Attack Media | July 31, 2017 | September 5, 2017 | Daily show | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-attack/episodes/1094519/ | title=The Attack| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Waypoint Presents'' | Waypoint ([[Vice Media]]) | August 16, 2017 | rowspan="2" | October 5, 2017 | Top gaming stories | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/waypoint-presents/episodes-season-1/1094928/ | title=Waypoints Presents | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''ESL Speedrunners'' | [[ESL (company)|ESL]] | August 1, 2017 | Speedrun playthroughs | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/esl-speedrunners/episodes/1094805/ | title=ESL Speedrunners| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Overwatch Contenders'' | [[Blizzard Entertainment|Blizzard]] | September 16, 2017 | November 5, 2017 | [[Overwatch (video game)|''Overwatch'']]-themed playthroughs (later minor esports competition) | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/overwatch-contenders/episodes/1106275/ | title=Overwatch Contenders| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |} ===Acquired programming=== ====Animated<!-- Only include television shows from different channels whose broadcasting rights were acquired by Disney XD, shows made and owned by a different company (excluding NA television rights of international shows) please list at Original programming -->==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 15, 2011 || Teletoon || rowspan="2" | <ref name=launch>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-sets-date-xd-rebrand|title=Disney Sets Date for XD Rebrand|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|work=Animation World Network|date=January 7, 2009}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kid vs. Kat]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 20, 2011 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Naruto: Shippuden episodes|Naruto: Shippuden]]'' || October 28, 2009 || November 5, 2011 || [[TV Tokyo]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-10-28/reminder/naruto-shippuden-to-debut-on-disney-xd-tonight|title=Reminder: Naruto Shippūden to Debut on Disney XD Tonight|date=October 28, 2009|work=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Rated A for Awesome]]'' || June 20, 2011 || January 31, 2012 || YTV|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://kidscreen.com/2011/04/13/disney-xd-gets-rated-a-for-awesome/|title=Disney XD gets Rated A For Awesome|last=Getzler|first=Wendy Goldman|work=Kidscreen|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Stitch!]]'' || October 24, 2011 || October 27, 2011 || TV Asahi || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-10-28/stitch-anime-no-longer-listed-on-disney-xd|title=Stitch! Anime No Longer Listed on Disney XD|date=October 28, 2011|work=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Jungle Book (2010 TV series)|The Jungle Book]]'' || June 11, 2012 || October 5, 2012 || [[TF1]] || <ref name=aug2012/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Slugterra]]'' || October 15, 2012 || October 19, 2013 || Family Chrgd || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/disney-xd-to-sling-new-toon-slugterra-in-oct/|title=Disney XD to Sling New Toon 'Slugterra' in Oct.|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|work=Animation Magazine|date=September 6, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Max Steel (2013 TV series)|Max Steel]]'' || March 25, 2013 || December 7, 2013 || [[Disney XD]] || <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://news.mattel.com/news/action-packed-animated-series-max-steelTM-premieres-monday-march-25-at-4pm-et-pt|title=Action-Packed Animated Series Max Steel™ Premieres Monday, March 25, at 4PM (ET/PT)|date=March 21, 2013|work=Mattel|location=El Segundo}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures]]'' || June 15, 2013 || December 26, 2015 || Family Chrgd || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/05/31/disney-xd-to-launch-pac-man-and-the-ghostly-adventures-on-saturday-june-15-337522/20130531disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD to Launch "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures" on Saturday, June 15|date=May 31, 2013|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'' || July 13, 2013 || October 30, 2014 || rowspan="2" | [[Teletoon]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Packages from Planet X]]'' || July 13, 2013 || February 21, 2014 || <ref name=random>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-kicks-randomation-block|title=Disney XD Kicks Off 'Randomation' Block |last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=July 12, 2013|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Xiaolin Chronicles]]'' || August 26, 2013 || February 11, 2014 || [[Gulli]] & [[Canal J]]<br />Disney XD & [[Netflix]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disney-XD-Announces-August-Programming-Highlights-20130731#|title=Disney XD Announces August Programming Highlights|date=July 31, 2013|work=Broadway World}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Boyster]]'' || June 16, 2014 || November 10, 2014 || [[Disney XD (UK & Ireland)|Disney XD]]<br />[[France 4]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2014/05/29/original-series-boyster-premieres-saturday-june-14-on-disney-xd-356015/20140529disneyxd01/|title=Original Series "Boyster" Premieres Saturday, June 14 on Disney XD|date=May 29, 2014|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Doraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future]]'' || July 7, 2014 || September 1, 2015|| [[TV Asahi]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.zap2it.com/overview.html?programSeriesId=SH01938159&tmsId=SH019381590000&from=TVGrid&aid=gapzap|title=Doraemon Episode Guide|work=Zap2it}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yo-kai Watch]]''|| October 5, 2015 || August 16, 2020 || TV Tokyo ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-06-23/yo-kai-watch-anime-to-premiere-on-disney-xd/.89623|title=Yo-kai Watch Anime to Premiere on Disney XD|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Counterfeit Cat]]'' || May 27, 2016 || January 30, 2017 || rowspan="2" | [[Teletoon]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Atomic Puppet]]'' || May 30, 2016 || March 8, 2017 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fangbone!]]'' || July 5, 2016 || March 20, 2017 || [[Family Chrgd]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst (season 1)|Beyblade Burst]]'' || December 19, 2016 || November 11, 2017 || rowspan="10" | TV Tokyo ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-10-19/beyblade-burst-premieres-in-us-on-disney-xd-in-december/.107846|title=Beyblade Burst Premieres in US on Disney XD in December|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-16|title=Disney XD Dates 'Beyblade Burst'|url=https://www.licenseglobal.com/entertainment/disney-xd-dates-beyblade-burst|access-date=2020-12-18|website=licenseglobal.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY episodes|Pokémon the Series: XY]]'' || February 11, 2017 || April 6, 2017 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY: Kalos Quest episodes|Pokémon the Series: XY Kalos Quest]]'' || April 8, 2017 || May 31, 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.twcc.com/listings/disney-xd#08-Apr-2017|title=Disney XD TV Schedule - TWC Central|website=tv.twcc.com|access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: Sun & Moon episodes|Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon]]'' || May 12, 2017 || December 9, 2017 || rowspan="6" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY & Z episodes|Pokémon the Series: XYZ]]'' || June 7, 2017 || September 18, 2017 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon – Ultra Adventures]]'' || March 24, 2018 || February 23, 2019 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Evolution]]'' || December 4, 2017 || November 17, 2018 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Turbo]]'' || December 15, 2018 || December 21, 2019 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon – Ultra Legends]]'' || March 23, 2019 || March 7, 2020 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Inazuma Eleven: Ares]]''|| April 13, 2019 || October 12, 2019 ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-04-07/iuanazuma-eleven-ares-anime-premieres-on-disney-xd-on-april-13/.145452|title=Inazuma Eleven Ares Anime Premieres on Disney XD on April 13|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]]'' || September 30, 2019 || December 17, 2019 || [[Teletoon]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Rise]]'' || February 8, 2020 || October 3, 2020 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Oddbods]]'' || October 17, 2020 || December 7, 2020 || [[CITV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]'' || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | January 2, 2021 || rowspan="4" | TV Tokyo || rowspan="4" | <ref name="beyblade">{{cite tweet |author=Disney Schedule Archive |user=DisneySchedules |number=1340148610856611848 |date=December 18, 2020 |title=Some past Beyblade series will premiere on Disney XD for the first time in January. Sat, Jan 2 Beyblade: Metal Fusion - 8:00 am Beyblade: Metal Masters - 8:30 am Sun, Jan 3 Beyblade: Metal Fury - 8:00 am Beyblade: Shogun Steel - 8:30 am |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Masters]]'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fury]]'' || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | January 3, 2021 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Shogun Steel]]'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Surge]]'' || February 20, 2021 || October 9, 2021 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[101 Dalmatian Street]]'' || March 29, 2021 || November 22, 2021 || [[Disney Channel (British and Irish TV channel)|Disney Channel]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabletvt.powerrangermail.net/index.php/topic,6792.msg18672.html?PHPSESSID=d57d3abb29d2621cf5e2b9ba0b9b27d2#new|title = The Cable Forum - Disney XD April & May Premieres -- Updated 4/9}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Legend of the Three Caballeros]]'' || August 7, 2021 || October 30, 2021 || DisneyLife || <ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney Schedule Archive |user=DisneySchedules |number=1413544609523904518 |date=July 9, 2021 |title=Just like 101 Dalmatian Street, Legend of the Three Caballeros will make its US Cable Debut on Disney XD starting Saturday, August 7 at 7:30 am. https://t.co/wymk3jK9uy |language=en |access-date=July 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710151832/https://twitter.com/DisneySchedules/status/1413544609523904518 |archive-date=July 10, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney TV Animation News |user=DisneyTVANews |number=1413551575893610498 |date=July 9, 2021 |title=We're three caballeros, three gay caballeros, they say we are birds of a feather 🎶 3 years after {{sic|i|t's|nolink=y}} debut on streaming lands #LegendOfTheThreeCaballeros will make its TV debut on Disney XD 8/7 at 7:30AM on @DisneyXD https://t.co/suP6gbDXOr |language=en |access-date=July 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709173232/https://twitter.com/DisneyTVANews/status/1413551575893610498 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Ghostforce]]'' || October 4, 2021 || October 7, 2022 || [[TFOU]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2021/10/04/disney-gets-ghoulish-with-new-content/|title = Disney gets ghoulish with new content}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst QuadDrive]]'' || December 4, 2021 || November 26, 2022 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[PJ Masks]]'' || rowspan="2" | January 3, 2022 || February 24, 2022 || [[Disney Channel]] & [[Disney Junior]]<br />[[France 5]] & [[TF1]] || {{refn|group=note|Only 25 of 26 episodes from each of the first three seasons premiered on the network.}}{{refn|group=note|Reruns continued to air on Disney XD until March 22, 2022.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gigantosaurus]]'' || February 4, 2022 || [[Disney Channel]] & [[Disney Junior]]<br />[[France 5]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens]]'' ||June 6, 2022 || rowspan="2 " | December 2, 2023 || rowspan="2" | TV Tokyo || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-19/yu-gi-oh-sevens-anime-debuts-on-disney-xd-hulu-in-u.s-in-june/.185819|title=Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens Anime Debuts on Disney XD, Hulu in U.S. in June|date=May 19, 2022|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=May 22, 2022}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst QuadStrike]]'' || April 3, 2023 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.gracenote.com/overview-affiliates.html?programSeriesId=SH04672184&aid=gapzap|title=''Beyblade Burst QuadStrike'' Upcoming Airings|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|access-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mateo|first=Alex|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-03-21/beyblade-burst-quadstrike-anime-premieres-on-disney-xd-on-april-3-hulu-on-may-8/.196224|title=Beyblade Burst QuadStrike Anime Premieres on Disney XD on April 3, Hulu on May 8|website=Anime News Network|date=March 21, 2023|access-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Super Hero Squad Show]]'' || August 31, 2023 || November 19, 2023 || [[Cartoon Network]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.gracenote.com/overview-affiliates.html?programSeriesId=SH01175096&aid=gapzap|title=''The Super Hero Squad Show'' Upcoming Airings|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Bakugan (TV series)|Bakugan]]'' || September 23, 2023 || March 30, 2024 || [[Netflix]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-07-31/new-bakugan-anime-launches-on-netflix-on-september-1-on-disney-xd-on-september-23/.200796|title=New Bakugan Anime Launches on Netflix on September 1, on Disney XD on September 23|date=July 31, 2023|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=August 12, 2023}}</ref> |} ====Live-action==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos: Animal Edition]]'' || September 18, 2021 || November 27, 2021 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[BattleBots]]'' || May 23, 2016 || June 17, 2016 || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Brain Games (2011 TV series)|Brain Games]]'' || October 23, 2021 || January 22, 2022 || [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Doctor Who]]'' || June 13, 2015 || September 19, 2015 || [[BBC One]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/15/bbcs-doctor-who-seasons-2-4-starring-david-tennant-to-launch-on-disney-xd-on-saturday-may-9/389834/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418162325/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/15/bbcs-doctor-who-seasons-2-4-starring-david-tennant-to-launch-on-disney-xd-on-saturday-may-9/389834/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2015|title=BBC's 'Doctor Who' Seasons 2-4 Starring David Tennant to Launch on Disney XD on Saturday, May 9|last=Baron|first=Steve|work=TV by the Numbers|date=April 15, 2015}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fort Boyard: Ultimate Challenge]]'' || October 17, 2011 || March 23, 2012 || [[CITV]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2011/09/28/disney-xd-to-premiere-fort-boyard-ultimate-challenge-a-reality-adventure-series-on-monday-october-17-715014/20110928disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD to Premiere "Fort Boyard - Ultimate Challenge," A Reality Adventure Series on Monday, October 17|date=September 28, 2011|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gaming Show (In My Parents' Garage)]]'' || September 9, 2015 || September 30, 2015 || [[Family Chrgd]] ||<ref name=ks>{{cite news|title=Disney XD snaps up two DHX shows|url=http://kidscreen.com/2015/09/08/disney-xd-snaps-up-two-dhx-shows/|last=Dickson|first=Jeremy|work=Kidscreen|date=September 8, 2015|access-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Howie Mandel]]'s Animals Doing Things'' || February 12, 2022 || August 27, 2022 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Japanizi: Going, Going, Gong!]]'' || November 18, 2013 || November 29, 2013 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name=pranks>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2013/10/01/disney-xd-pranksgiving|title=Disney XD and the NBA team up for second annual 'Pranksgiving' -- EXCLUSIVE|last=Busis|first=Hillary|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 1, 2013|access-date=December 18, 2025|archive-date=April 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403214254/https://ew.com/article/2013/10/01/disney-xd-pranksgiving/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Just Kidding (TV series)|Just Kidding]]'' || November 19, 2012 || November 30, 2014 || [[Teletoon]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mr. Young]]'' || September 26, 2011 || May 12, 2013 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || <ref>{{cite news|last1=Dickson|first1=Jeremy|title=Disney XD picks up new season of Mr. Young|url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/04/10/disney-xd-picks-up-new-season-of-mr-young/|access-date=21 September 2015|work=Kidscreen|publisher=Brunico Communications Ltd.|date=April 10, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Out There with Jack Randall'' || April 2, 2022 || April 30, 2022 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Weird but True!]]'' || colspan="2" | July 23, 2022 || [[National Geographic Kids]]<br />[[Disney+]] |- |} ===Syndicated=== ====Animated==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Avengers: United They Stand]]'' || February 13, 2009 || August 29, 2010 |rowspan=2| [[FOX Kids]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' || February 15, 2009 || September 27, 2010 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[A.T.O.M. (TV series)|A.T.O.M.: Alpha Teens on Machines]]'' || February 13, 2009 || June 13, 2009 || [[Jetix]] || rowspan="4" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Chaotic (TV series)|Chaotic]]'' || February 18, 2009 || September 1, 2010 || [[4Kids TV]]<br />[[The CW4Kids]]<br />[[Cartoon Network]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (TV series)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' || May 19, 2022 || March 22, 2026 || [[Disney Channel]]<br />[[The Disney Afternoon]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Digimon Data Squad]]'' || February 13, 2009 || June 13, 2009 || [[Fuji TV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)|Fantastic Four]]'' || February 15, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || [[The Marvel Action Hour]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] || <ref name=zap2it/> |- | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''[[Fillmore!]]'' || March 17, 2009 || August 16, 2009 || rowspan="2" | Toon Disney<br />[[ABC Kids (United States)|ABC Kids]] || rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.disneyabcpress.com/disneyxd/calendar/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180420153444/https://www.disneyabcpress.com/disneyxd/calendar/|archive-date = April 20, 2018|title = Calendar &#124; Disney XD Press}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |April 19, 2018 |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]''|| rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || October 15, 2012 || [[The Disney Afternoon]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]]<br />[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|| rowspan="3" |<ref name="zap2it">{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109080216/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[The Incredible Hulk (1996 TV series)|The Incredible Hulk]]''|| rowspan="2" | March 12, 2012 || [[UPN]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Iron Man (TV series)|Iron Man]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 15, 2009 || [[The Marvel Action Hour]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures]]''|| September 27, 2010 ||[[The WB]]|| rowspan="2" | |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Legend of the Dragon (TV series)|Legend of the Dragon]]'' || colspan="2"| February 19, 2009 || [[BKN]] syndication |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[The Legend of Tarzan (TV series)|The Legend of Tarzan]]''|| rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || May 14, 2012 ||[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<br />[[UPN]]||<ref name="zap2it" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Ōban Star-Racers]]''|| June 13, 2009 || [[Jetix]] || rowspan="2" |<ref name="zap2it4" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]''|| February 15, 2009 || June 15, 2009 || [[The WB]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]''|| April 14, 2009 || October 27, 2011 ||[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<br />[[UPN]]|| |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" |''[[Silver Surfer (TV series)|Silver Surfer]]''|| February 17, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || FOX Kids ||<ref name="zap2it" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Sonic Underground]]'' || June 11, 2012 || December 14, 2012 || [[BKN]] syndication || <ref name=aug2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd-pacific|title=Disney XD Pacific TV Schedule|work=Locate TV|date=August 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816091022/http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd-pacific|archive-date=August 16, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Monster Buster Club]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || December 28, 2010 |rowspan=3| [[Jetix]] || rowspan="4" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Get Ed]]'' || June 13, 2009 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pucca (TV series)|Pucca]]'' || February 17, 2009 || December 27, 2009 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || June 14, 2009 || [[Freeform (TV channel)|ABC Family]]<br />[[Jetix]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man (1994 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' || rowspan="3" | January 2, 2012 || FOX Kids || rowspan="3" | <ref name="zap2it3">{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108200235/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=January 8, 2011}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends]]'' || February 26, 2009 ||[[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man Unlimited]]'' || February 15, 2009 || FOX Kids |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Static Shock]]'' || February 14, 2009 || September 27, 2010 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Storm Hawks]]'' || February 28, 2011 || March 17, 2011 || Cartoon Network<br />[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]'' || February 15, 2009 || September 27, 2010 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[X-Men: The Animated Series|X-Men]]'' || February 13, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || FOX Kids || <ref name=zap2it/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[X-Men: Evolution]]'' || June 15, 2009 || December 30, 2011 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it2>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109203752/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> |- |} ====Live-action==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'' || September 18, 2009 || August 14, 2010 || [[NBC]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[My Babysitter's a Vampire (TV series)|My Babysitter's a Vampire]]'' || November 7, 2011 || December 7, 2012 || [[Teletoon]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=34&aid=zap2it|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018010842/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=34&aid=zap2it|archive-date=October 18, 2012}}</ref> |} ====Movies==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Naruto Shippuden the Movie]]'' || May 15, 2011 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-05-04/disney-xd-to-run-naruto/shippuden-the-movie-on-may-15|title=Disney XD to Run Naruto: Shippuden the Movie on May 15|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> |- |} ===Programming from Disney Channel=== {{see also|Disney Channel}} ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Cars Toons]]'' |rowspan=3|February 13, 2009 |August 31, 2012 | |- |''[[Brandy & Mr. Whiskers]]'' |February 10, 2019 | |- |''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (TV series)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' |May 20, 2022 | |- |''[[The Emperor's New School]]''² |rowspan=4|February 27, 2009 |December 10, 2025 | |- |''[[The Proud Family]]'' |June 4, 2019 | |- |''[[Dave the Barbarian]]'' |July 29, 2018 | |- |''[[The Replacements (TV series)|The Replacements]]''² |December 25, 2009 | |- |''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]'' |April 14, 2009 |July 29, 2018 | |- |''[[Mickey Mouse (TV series)|Mickey Mouse]]'' |November 29, 2013 |November 18, 2025 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvschedulearchive.com/disney-xd/2013/112513.txt|title=None}}</ref> |- |''[[Tangled: The Series]]'' |July 7, 2024 |May 24, 2026 | |- |''[[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]]'' |September 30, 2019 |October 25, 2024 | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Famous Jett Jackson]]'' |rowspan=2|February 14, 2009 |May 1, 2009 | |- |''[[Even Stevens]]''² |January 15, 2010 | rowspan="2" |<ref name=zap2it4>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=88&channelCnt=88|title=Disney XD TV Schedule|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226122154/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=88&channelCnt=88|archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Phil of the Future]]''² |February 15, 2009 |December 11, 2009 |- |''[[Cory in the House]]'' |May 19, 2009 |April 26, 2011 | rowspan="2" | |- |''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]''² |February 13, 2009 |July 11, 2014 |- |''[[The Suite Life on Deck]]'' |April 24, 2009 |May 6, 2014 |<ref name=zap2it/> |- |''[[So Random!]]'' |August 21, 2012 |June 30, 2013 |<ref name=zap2it4/> |- |''[[Code: 9]]'' |November 19, 2012 |November 17, 2016 | |- |''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]'' |February 13, 2012 |rowspan=2|June 30, 2014 |<ref name=june2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd|title=Disney XD Schedule|date=June 20, 2013|work=Locate TV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620112101/http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd|archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Jessie (2011 TV series)|Jessie]]'' |June 28, 2013 | rowspan="3" | |- |''[[PrankStars]]'' |November 15, 2016 |November 24, 2016 |- |''[[Secrets of Sulphur Springs]]'' |May 7, 2022 |June 4, 2022 |} ===Programming from Disney Junior=== {{see also|Disney Junior}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' |January 3, 2022 |March 31, 2024 | rowspan="2" | |- |''[[Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures]]'' |May 4, 2023 |June 1, 2025 |} ===Programming from Disney+=== {{see also|List of Disney+ original programming}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder]]'' |January 8, 2023 |February 5, 2023 | rowspan="5" | |- |''[[Chip 'n' Dale: Park Life]]'' |January 14, 2023 |March 26, 2023 |- |''[[Win or Lose (miniseries)|Win or Lose]]'' |July 7, 2025 |September 28, 2025 |- |''[[Dream Productions]]'' |August 30, 2025 |September 20, 2025 |- |''[[Iwájú]]'' |February 6, 2026 |February 20, 2026 |} ==Original films== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Skyrunners]]'' || November 27, 2009 || <ref name=nov27/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pants on Fire (film)|Pants on Fire]]'' || November 9, 2014 || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-xd-movie-pants-on-fire-set-for-november-premiere/|title=Disney XD Movie 'Pants on Fire' Set for November Premiere|last=Nededog|first=Jethro|work=The Wrap|date=October 9, 2014}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Mark & Russell's Wild Ride'' || November 23, 2015 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://kidscreen.com/2015/10/29/disney-xd-sets-mark-russells-wild-ride-for-november-premiere/|title=Disney XD sets Mark & Russell's Wild Ride for November premiere|last=Getzler|first=Wendy Goldman|work=Kidscreen|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> |- |} ==Programming blocks== ===Former=== * ''Disney XD's Saturday Morning'' (2009–13) * ''Disney XD's My Life'' (2010) * ''Saturday Mornings Disney XD Style'' (2010) * ''Phineas and Ferb's Summer Vacation'' (2010) * ''Marvel Universe'' (2012–19) * ''Nonstop Summer'' (2012–13) * ''Disney Fandom'' (2013) * ''Randomation Animation'' (2013–14) * ''Show Me the Monday'' (2013–14) * ''Show Me the Shark'' (2014) * ''Animacation'' (2014) * ''Anime Block'' (2017–20) * ''D|XP'' (2017) ==Related pages== *[[ABC Kids (TV programming block)|ABC Kids]] * [[List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel]] * [[List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids]], whose library was merged into the Toon Disney schedule in 2002 * [[List of programs broadcast by Jetix (block)|List of programs broadcast by Jetix]], Toon Disney's evening block from 2004 until 2009 * [[List of programs broadcast by Toon Disney]], its branding from 1998 until 2009 ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Programs}} [[Category:Disney XD shows| ]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|Disney XD]] [[Category:Disney-related lists]] nhnmrntlkwg1ek04s52s4clzf362v03 10883003 10883002 2026-06-10T09:08:05Z ~2026-34132-18 1819487 /* Original programming */ 10883003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}} {{Use American English|date=July 2024}} [[File:2015 Disney XD logo.svg|right|200px]] This is a list of programs and specials formerly and currently broadcast by the children's cable television channel '''[[Disney XD]]''' in the United States, and previously throughout the world on its [[List of Disney XD TV channels|international sister networks]]. Dates listed below are for American premiere or finales. ==Current programming== === Original programming === * ¹ Indicates its program is shared with [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]¹'' |February 13, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|Select episodes premiered on Disney XD before airing on Disney Channel later.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Big City Greens]]¹'' |September 3, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|This series was originally going to air new episodes on Disney XD, but it instead began airing new episodes on Disney Channel while Disney XD would air reruns. Despite this, the show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its fourth season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Chibiverse]]¹'' |November 14, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Kiff (TV series)|Kiff]]¹'' |March 10, 2023 | |- | ''[[Dragon Striker]]'' | June 9, 2026 |<ref>{{Cite Instagram |user=disneytva |postid=DV1HUcfEgAe |date=March 14, 2026 |title=Dragon Striker is coming to @disneyplus and Disney XD this year! 🥅 💫 |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tangcay|first=Jazz|title='Dragon Striker' Trailer: First Look at Disney’s Sports Fantasy Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/trailers/dragon-striker-trailer-disney-animated-series-1236738454/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 6, 2026|access-date=May 6, 2026}}</ref> |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Current season !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Armorsaurs]]'' || October 13, 2025 |1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAKE Signs Global Two-Season Deal with Disney Branded Television for MGA Entertainment's 'Armorsaurs' Series |url=https://via.ritzau.dk/pressemeddelelse/14597394/mga-entertainment?publisherId=90446&lang=en}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Current season !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade X]]'' || July 13, 2024 |[[List of Beyblade X episodes#Season 2 (2024–25)|2]] | <ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan |title=Exclusive: Beyblade X Anime to Premiere in U.S. on Disney XD on July 13 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-07-04/exclusive-beyblade-x-anime-to-premiere-in-u.s-on-disney-xd-on-july-13/.212855 |website=Anime News Network |access-date=13 July 2024 |language=en |date=5 July 2024}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir]]¹'' || January 3, 2025 |[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir season 6|6]] |{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its sixth season.}} |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left; | ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!]]'' || January 11, 2025 |[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!! season 1|1]] | |} ===Repeats of ended series=== A list of programs currently broadcast in reruns. ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gravity Falls]]'' |August 5, 2012 |February 15, 2016 |2016–present |{{refn|group=note|name=disney channel|This series was originally syndicated from Disney Channel, but later moved to Disney XD.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Star vs. the Forces of Evil]]''² || February 16, 2015 || May 25, 2019 || 2019–21; 2023; 2026–present || {{refn|group=note|Moved to Disney Channel for its fourth and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Future-Worm!]]'' |August 1, 2016 |May 19, 2018 |2018–19; 2024–present |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/new-series-future-worm-to-air-on-disney-xd-in-fall-2015/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022091802/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/new-series-future-worm-to-air-on-disney-xd-in-fall-2015/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2016|title=New Series 'Future-Worm!' to Air on Disney XD in Fall 2015|date=February 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/future-worm-premiere-date-disney-xd-selma-blair-1201773054/|title='Future-Worm!' Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD; Selma Blair, Chelsea Peretti Among Guest Stars|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=June 15, 2016}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Milo Murphy's Law]]''² || October 3, 2016 || May 18, 2019 || 2019; 2021–25; 2026–present || {{refn|group=note|Moved to Disney Channel for its second and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer]]'' || June 3, 2017 || June 15, 2017 || 2017–18; 2020; 2026–present ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/disney-xd-announces-billy-dilly-and-country-club/|title=Disney XD Announces 'Billy Dilly' and 'Country Club'|date=March 4, 2016|website=animationmagazine.net|access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[DuckTales (2017)|DuckTales]]'' |August 12, 2017 |March 15, 2021 |2021–present |{{refn|group=note|The series was originally moved to Disney Channel on May 1, 2018. Disney XD continued to air reruns of the show when it was moved. Beginning on April 4, 2020, regular premieres were switched back to Disney XD. DuckTales is still considered both a Disney Channel & Disney XD original.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/06/ducktales-cartoon-reboot-premiere-date-disney-xd-1202113080/|title='DuckTales': Cartoon Reboot Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=June 14, 2017|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Big Hero 6: The Series]]'' || November 20, 2017 || February 15, 2021 || 2021–present || {{refn|group=note|This series premiered simultaneously on Disney Channel and Disney XD on November 20, 2017. It was intended for regular premieres on Disney XD afterward, but was instead moved to Disney Channel after the premiere of the first episode, while Disney XD continues to air re-runs. In 2020, regular premieres were switched back to Disney XD.}}<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1207836041337421826|title= I believe that is accurate. We've got fun stuff coming!|first=Mark|last=McCorkle|user=ridiculousmark|date=December 19, 2019|access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Owl House]]³'' || March 23, 2020 || April 8, 2023 || 2023–present || {{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its third and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Hamster & Gretel]]³'' || August 12, 2022 || April 13, 2025 || 2025–present ||{{refn|group=note|This series premiered simultaneously on Disney Channel and Disney XD on August 12, 2022. Regular premieres would premiere first on Disney Channel while Disney XD would air reruns on its first season. The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Zombies: The Re-Animated Series]]¹'' |June 28, 2024 |December 7, 2024 |2024–present | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Aaron Stone]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 30, 2010 || 2010–11; 2015; 2026–present ||<ref name=launch/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Zeke and Luther]]'' || June 15, 2009 || April 2, 2012 || 2012–17; 2026–present || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-channel-air-uninterrupted-lion-witch-wardrobe-friday|title=Disney Channel to Air Uninterrupted Lion, Witch, Wardrobe on Friday|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|work=Animation World Network|date=June 17, 2009}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lab Rats (American TV series)|Lab Rats]]'' || February 27, 2012 || February 3, 2016 || 2016–22; 2026–present || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/09/disney-xd-set-to-premiere-new-comedy-lab-rats-on-monday-february-27/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312102821/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/09/disney-xd-set-to-premiere-new-comedy-lab-rats-on-monday-february-27/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2016|title=Disney XD Set to Premiere New Comedy 'Lab Rats' on Monday, February 27|date=January 9, 2012|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |} ===Programming from Disney Channel=== ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[American Dragon: Jake Long]]'' |February 14, 2009 | |- |''[[Fish Hooks]]'' |February 19, 2011 | |- |''[[Kim Possible]]''² |February 3, 2014 | |- |''[[Lilo & Stitch: The Series]]'' |March 11, 2018 | |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' |August 5, 2019 | |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== ==Former programming== ===Original programming=== ====Animated series==== *¹ Indicates program moved from [[Jetix]]. *² Indicates program moved to the [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. *³ Indicates program is shared with the [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yin Yang Yo!]]''¹ || February 13, 2009 || April 18, 2009 || 2009–10 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil]]'' || February 13, 2010 || December 2, 2012 || 2012–21; 2023–24 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.toonzone.net/kick-buttowski-to-premiere-on-disney-xd-on-february-13-2010/|title="Kick Buttowski" to Premiere on Disney XD on February 13, 2010|last=Liu|first=Ed|work=Toonzone|date=January 20, 2010|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225422/http://www.toonzone.net/kick-buttowski-to-premiere-on-disney-xd-on-february-13-2010/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Motorcity (TV series)|Motorcity]]'' || April 30, 2012 || January 7, 2013 || 2013; 2015; 2020; 2023–24 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/motorcity-set-to-premiere-april-30-on-disney-xd-60560.html|title="Motorcity" Set To Premiere April 30 on Disney XD|date=April 5, 2012|last=Arrant|first=Chris|work=Cartoon Brew}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Tron: Uprising]]'' ||May 21, 2012 ||January 28, 2013 || 2013; 2015; 2020–25 ||<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-premiere-tron-uprising-may-18|title=Disney XD to Premiere 'Tron: Uprising' on May 18|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=May 3, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja]]'' || August 13, 2012 || July 27, 2015 || 2015–18; 2020–21 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/randy-cunningham-9th-grade-ninja-premieres-sept17|title='Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja' Premieres Sept.17|last=Washington|first=Ed|date=August 7, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Wander Over Yonder]]'' || December 9, 2013 || June 27, 2016 ||2016–21; 2023; 2025–26||{{refn|group=note|name=disney channel}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The 7D]]'' || July 7, 2014 || November 5, 2016 || 2016–17 || <ref>{{cite news|title='The 7D' Report for July 7 Disney XD Premiere|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/the-7d-report-for-july-7-disney-xd-premiere/|last=McLean|first=Thomas J.|access-date=June 16, 2014|work=Animation Magazine|date=December 10, 2014}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]'' || October 3, 2014 || March 5, 2018 || 2018; 2020–21; 2023–26 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]'' || December 5, 2014 || July 28, 2017 || 2017–21; 2026 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pickle and Peanut]]'' || September 7, 2015 || January 20, 2018 || 2018–22; 2024–26 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures]]'' || {{dts|2016|06|20}} || August 16, 2017 || 2017–18; 2021–22 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Right Now Kapow]]'' || September 19, 2016 || May 31, 2017 || 2017–18 || {{refn|name=RNKP|group=note|Produced and owned by rival company [[Warner Bros. Animation]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Ghost and Molly McGee]]³'' || January 10, 2022 || January 13, 2024 || 2024–26 ||{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Monsters at Work]]³'' || January 9, 2023 || May 4, 2024 || rowspan="2" | 2024 ||{{refn|group=note|This series aired as a Disney+ original in its first season but became a Disney Channel original and simulcast with Disney XD starting with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hailey's On It!]]³'' || June 8, 2023 || May 18, 2024 || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Primos (TV series)|Primos]]³'' || July 25, 2024 || April 27, 2025 || rowspan="2" | 2025–26 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[StuGo]]³'' || January 11, 2025 || May 3, 2025 |- ! colspan="5" | Marvel Universe programming |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Spectacular Spider-Man (TV series)|The Spectacular Spider-Man]]'' || March 23, 2009 || November 18, 2009 || 2009–10 || {{refn|group=note|First-run episodes started airing on June 22, 2009 after previously airing on [[Kids' WB]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes]]'' || October 20, 2010 || May 5, 2013 || 2013; 2023 || <ref name="TV by the Numbers">{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/20/the-avengers-earths-mightiest-heroes-premieres-wednesday-october-20-on-disney-xd/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409210646/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/20/the-avengers-earths-mightiest-heroes-premieres-wednesday-october-20-on-disney-xd/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 9, 2016|title='The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes!', Premieres Wednesday, October 20 on Disney XD|work=TV by the Numbers|date=September 20, 2010}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Ultimate Spider-Man (TV series)|Ultimate Spider-Man]]'' || April 1, 2012 || January 7, 2017 || 2017–21; 2023 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Avengers Assemble (TV series)|Avengers Assemble]]'' || May 26, 2013 || February 24, 2019 || 2019; 2022–23 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.]]'' || August 11, 2013 || June 28, 2015 || 2015; 2023 || <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://marvel.com/news/tv/20882/hulk_the_agents_of_smash_premieres_august_11|title=Hulk & the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Premieres August 11|date=July 12, 2013|work=Marvel}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]'' || September 5, 2015 || June 9, 2019 || 2019; 2021; 2023 ||<ref name="facebook.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/DisneyXD/photos/np.1437674472374680.100002347630276/953740354667396/|title=Facebook|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref><ref name="Broadway World">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disney-XD-Announces-September-2015-Programming-Highlights-20150828|title=Disney XD Announces September 2015 Programming Highlights|date=August 28, 2015|work=Broadway World|access-date=August 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/guardians-of-the-galaxy-animated-series-poster-reveal |title=Guardians of the Galaxy Animated Series Poster Reveal |work=[[IGN]] |first=Eric |last=Goldman |date=July 6, 2015 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708011911/http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/guardians-of-the-galaxy-animated-series-poster-reveal |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man (2017 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' || August 19, 2017 || October 25, 2020 || 2020–21; 2023 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur]]³'' || May 29, 2023 || March 8, 2025 || 2025–26 |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[I'm in the Band]]'' || November 27, 2009 || December 9, 2011 || 2011–12; 2015 ||<ref name=nov27>{{cite news|url=http://www.shineon-media.com/2009/10/21/skyrunners-im-in-the-band-coming-nov-27-to-disneyxd/|title='Skyrunners' & 'I'm In the Band' Coming Nov 27 to Disney XD|date=October 21, 2009|work=Shine On Media}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pair of Kings]]'' || September 22, 2010 || February 18, 2013 || 2013–16 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/08/30/disney-xds-pair-of-kings-premieres-september-22/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414014924/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/08/30/disney-xds-pair-of-kings-premieres-september-22/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 14, 2016|title=Disney XD's 'Pair of Kings' Premieres September 22|date=August 30, 2010|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kickin' It]]'' || June 13, 2011 || March 25, 2015 || 2015–17; 2020 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/05/16/disney-xd-premieres-martial-arts-themed-sitcom-kickin-it-and-season-two-of-pair-of-kings-monday-june-13/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312205905/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/05/16/disney-xd-premieres-martial-arts-themed-sitcom-kickin-it-and-season-two-of-pair-of-kings-monday-june-13/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2016|title=Disney XD Premieres Martial Arts-Themed Sitcom "Kickin' It" and Season Two of "Pair of Kings," Monday, June 13|date=May 16, 2011|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Crash & Bernstein]]'' || October 8, 2012 || August 11, 2014 || 2014 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-announces-crash-bernstein-premiere|title=Disney Announces 'Crash & Bernstein' Premiere|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=August 30, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mighty Med]]'' || October 7, 2013 || September 9, 2015 || 2015–16 || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/disney-xd-sets-debut-mighty-623331|title=Disney XD Sets Debut for 'Mighty Med' Comedy Series (Exclusive)|date=September 9, 2013|last=Ng|first=Philiana|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kirby Buckets]]'' || {{dts|2014|10|20}} || February 2, 2017 || 2017; 2020–21 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything]]'' || {{dts|2015|07|22}} || January 2, 2017 || 2017–18 || <ref name="TVSeriesFinale">{{cite news|first=Jessica|last=Pena|url=http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/gamers-guide-pretty-much-everything-cancelled-disney-xd-no-season-three|title=Gamer's Guide To Pretty Much Everything: Cancelled by Disney XD; No Season Three|work=TV Series Finale|date=January 10, 2017|access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lab Rats: Elite Force]]'' || March 2, 2016 || October 22, 2016 || 2016–17; 2021 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Walk the Prank]]'' || April 6, 2016 || July 16, 2018 || 2018–22 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mech-X4]]'' || December 5, 2016 || August 20, 2018 || 2021 ||{{refn|group=note|First-run episodes started airing on April 17, 2017 after previously airing on [[Disney Channel]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''G.O.A.T.'' || rowspan="2" | November 6, 2021 || rowspan="2" | April 23, 2022 || {{N/A}} || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Eye Wonder'' || {{N/A}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Roman to the Rescue'' || February 12, 2022 || August 20, 2022 || 2022 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/01/20/new-dodo-series-finds-a-forever-home-at-disney/|title=New Dodo Series Finds a Forever Home at Disney|first=Jeremy|last=Dickson|date=January 20, 2022|website=Kidscreen|access-date=February 7, 2022}}</ref> |} ====Miniseries==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales]]'' || {{dts|2015|07|06}} || November 2, 2015 || 2015–18 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/disney-to-retell-star-wars-saga-in-new-lego-tv-series/041648|title=Disney to retell Star Wars saga in new LEGO TV series|access-date=March 2, 2015|archive-date=March 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305112723/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/disney-to-retell-star-wars-saga-in-new-lego-tv-series/041648|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises]]'' || {{dts|2016|02|15}} || May 4, 2016 || {{N/A}} || |} ====Short series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Years aired !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Bruno the Great'' || rowspan="4" | 2009 || rowspan="3" | <ref name=launch/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Robodz'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Moises Rules'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Next X'' || rowspan="10" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Shreducation'' || 2009–10 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Disney XD Shortstop'' || rowspan="2" | 2009-11 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Team Smithereen'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[SportsCenter]] High-5'' || 2010–17 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Wipeout (2008 game show)|Wipeout]] Moments'' || 2010–11 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Gravity Falls episodes#Shorts|Gravity Falls]]'' shorts || 2013–14 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Future-Worm!]]'' shorts || 2015 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Two More Eggs]]'' || 2015–17 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Wander Over Yonder episodes#Shorts (2015)|Wander Over Yonder]]'' shorts || 2015 |- ! colspan="5" | Marvel Universe shorts |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Guardians of the Galaxy'' shorts || 2017 || <ref name="TV by the Numbers"/> |- |} ====DXP programming==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Production company !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Format !! class="unsortable" | Ref(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Parker Plays]]'' | Disney Digital Network<br />Digomind Productions | rowspan="3" | July 15, 2017 | November 19, 2018 | rowspan="2" | Playthroughs | <ref name="tf">{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Geoff |date=June 15, 2017 |title=Disney XD Taps Maker's Jacksepticeye, ParkerGames, Strawburry17 For Summer TV Block - Tubefilter |work=Tubefilter |url=http://www.tubefilter.com/2017/06/15/disney-xd-maker-studios-jacksepticeye-parkergames-strawburry17-tv/ |access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Player Select'' | Attack Media | November 23, 2020 | <ref name="tf"/><ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney XD |user=DisneyXD |number=1143577910030286849 |date=June 25, 2019 |title=JackSepticEye is back with his friends to run through an ever-changing, fast-paced mashup of video games featuring Fortnite, Mother Simulator, Destiny and much more! 🎮 New episodes of #PlayerSelect premiere every Monday through Wednesday at 6:30pm! https://t.co/KOiS3GBolc |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvpassport.com/series/polaris-player-select/344952|title=TVPassPort|access-date=August 29, 2019}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Polaris Primetime'' | [[Maker Studios]]<br />Digomind Productions | September 2, 2017 | Playthrough gaming variety show hosted by [[Jimmy Wong]] and [[Strawburry17]] | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/polaris-primetime/episodes/1082102/ | title=Polaris Primetime | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''The IGN Show'' | [[IGN]] | rowspan="2" | July 17, 2017 | September 8, 2017 | Daily show | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-ign-show/episodes/1088058/ | title=The IGN Show| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name=tf/><ref>{{cite tweet |author=IGN |user=IGN |number=886970363363549184 |date=July 17, 2017 |title=TONIGHT at 9:30pm on the PREMIERE of #TheIGNShow on @DisneyXD's #DXP - we talk to @WWERollins about being the cover superstar for @WWE 2K18! https://t.co/1tdoxGLwJf |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Play with Caution'' | [[Blue Ribbon Content]] | July 20, 2017 | Competition show | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/play-with-caution/EP02730446?aid=zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726221737/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/play-with-caution/EP02730446?aid=zap2it|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 26, 2017|title=TV Listings: Play With Caution|work=[[Zap2It]] | access-date=July 25, 2017 | at=Click Episode Guide to go through program history, otherwise current schedule shows it is airing on Disney XD with premiere episodes on Mondays}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/play-with-caution/1085804/ | title=Play With Caution | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726221641/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/play-with-caution/1085804/ | archive-date=2017-07-26 | url-status=live | at=Click Overview to get to current listings show confirm to be broadcast on Disney XD. Click Episodes to find the premiere episode aired on July 17, 2017 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''The Attack'' | Attack Media | July 31, 2017 | September 5, 2017 | Daily show | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-attack/episodes/1094519/ | title=The Attack| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Waypoint Presents'' | Waypoint ([[Vice Media]]) | August 16, 2017 | rowspan="2" | October 5, 2017 | Top gaming stories | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/waypoint-presents/episodes-season-1/1094928/ | title=Waypoints Presents | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''ESL Speedrunners'' | [[ESL (company)|ESL]] | August 1, 2017 | Speedrun playthroughs | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/esl-speedrunners/episodes/1094805/ | title=ESL Speedrunners| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Overwatch Contenders'' | [[Blizzard Entertainment|Blizzard]] | September 16, 2017 | November 5, 2017 | [[Overwatch (video game)|''Overwatch'']]-themed playthroughs (later minor esports competition) | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/overwatch-contenders/episodes/1106275/ | title=Overwatch Contenders| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |} ===Acquired programming=== ====Animated<!-- Only include television shows from different channels whose broadcasting rights were acquired by Disney XD, shows made and owned by a different company (excluding NA television rights of international shows) please list at Original programming -->==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 15, 2011 || Teletoon || rowspan="2" | <ref name=launch>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-sets-date-xd-rebrand|title=Disney Sets Date for XD Rebrand|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|work=Animation World Network|date=January 7, 2009}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kid vs. Kat]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 20, 2011 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Naruto: Shippuden episodes|Naruto: Shippuden]]'' || October 28, 2009 || November 5, 2011 || [[TV Tokyo]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-10-28/reminder/naruto-shippuden-to-debut-on-disney-xd-tonight|title=Reminder: Naruto Shippūden to Debut on Disney XD Tonight|date=October 28, 2009|work=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Rated A for Awesome]]'' || June 20, 2011 || January 31, 2012 || YTV|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://kidscreen.com/2011/04/13/disney-xd-gets-rated-a-for-awesome/|title=Disney XD gets Rated A For Awesome|last=Getzler|first=Wendy Goldman|work=Kidscreen|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Stitch!]]'' || October 24, 2011 || October 27, 2011 || TV Asahi || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-10-28/stitch-anime-no-longer-listed-on-disney-xd|title=Stitch! Anime No Longer Listed on Disney XD|date=October 28, 2011|work=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Jungle Book (2010 TV series)|The Jungle Book]]'' || June 11, 2012 || October 5, 2012 || [[TF1]] || <ref name=aug2012/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Slugterra]]'' || October 15, 2012 || October 19, 2013 || Family Chrgd || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/disney-xd-to-sling-new-toon-slugterra-in-oct/|title=Disney XD to Sling New Toon 'Slugterra' in Oct.|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|work=Animation Magazine|date=September 6, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Max Steel (2013 TV series)|Max Steel]]'' || March 25, 2013 || December 7, 2013 || [[Disney XD]] || <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://news.mattel.com/news/action-packed-animated-series-max-steelTM-premieres-monday-march-25-at-4pm-et-pt|title=Action-Packed Animated Series Max Steel™ Premieres Monday, March 25, at 4PM (ET/PT)|date=March 21, 2013|work=Mattel|location=El Segundo}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures]]'' || June 15, 2013 || December 26, 2015 || Family Chrgd || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/05/31/disney-xd-to-launch-pac-man-and-the-ghostly-adventures-on-saturday-june-15-337522/20130531disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD to Launch "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures" on Saturday, June 15|date=May 31, 2013|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'' || July 13, 2013 || October 30, 2014 || rowspan="2" | [[Teletoon]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Packages from Planet X]]'' || July 13, 2013 || February 21, 2014 || <ref name=random>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-kicks-randomation-block|title=Disney XD Kicks Off 'Randomation' Block |last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=July 12, 2013|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Xiaolin Chronicles]]'' || August 26, 2013 || February 11, 2014 || [[Gulli]] & [[Canal J]]<br />Disney XD & [[Netflix]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disney-XD-Announces-August-Programming-Highlights-20130731#|title=Disney XD Announces August Programming Highlights|date=July 31, 2013|work=Broadway World}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Boyster]]'' || June 16, 2014 || November 10, 2014 || [[Disney XD (UK & Ireland)|Disney XD]]<br />[[France 4]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2014/05/29/original-series-boyster-premieres-saturday-june-14-on-disney-xd-356015/20140529disneyxd01/|title=Original Series "Boyster" Premieres Saturday, June 14 on Disney XD|date=May 29, 2014|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Doraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future]]'' || July 7, 2014 || September 1, 2015|| [[TV Asahi]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.zap2it.com/overview.html?programSeriesId=SH01938159&tmsId=SH019381590000&from=TVGrid&aid=gapzap|title=Doraemon Episode Guide|work=Zap2it}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yo-kai Watch]]''|| October 5, 2015 || August 16, 2020 || TV Tokyo ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-06-23/yo-kai-watch-anime-to-premiere-on-disney-xd/.89623|title=Yo-kai Watch Anime to Premiere on Disney XD|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Counterfeit Cat]]'' || May 27, 2016 || January 30, 2017 || rowspan="2" | [[Teletoon]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Atomic Puppet]]'' || May 30, 2016 || March 8, 2017 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fangbone!]]'' || July 5, 2016 || March 20, 2017 || [[Family Chrgd]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst (season 1)|Beyblade Burst]]'' || December 19, 2016 || November 11, 2017 || rowspan="10" | TV Tokyo ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-10-19/beyblade-burst-premieres-in-us-on-disney-xd-in-december/.107846|title=Beyblade Burst Premieres in US on Disney XD in December|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-16|title=Disney XD Dates 'Beyblade Burst'|url=https://www.licenseglobal.com/entertainment/disney-xd-dates-beyblade-burst|access-date=2020-12-18|website=licenseglobal.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY episodes|Pokémon the Series: XY]]'' || February 11, 2017 || April 6, 2017 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY: Kalos Quest episodes|Pokémon the Series: XY Kalos Quest]]'' || April 8, 2017 || May 31, 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.twcc.com/listings/disney-xd#08-Apr-2017|title=Disney XD TV Schedule - TWC Central|website=tv.twcc.com|access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: Sun & Moon episodes|Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon]]'' || May 12, 2017 || December 9, 2017 || rowspan="6" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY & Z episodes|Pokémon the Series: XYZ]]'' || June 7, 2017 || September 18, 2017 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon – Ultra Adventures]]'' || March 24, 2018 || February 23, 2019 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Evolution]]'' || December 4, 2017 || November 17, 2018 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Turbo]]'' || December 15, 2018 || December 21, 2019 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon – Ultra Legends]]'' || March 23, 2019 || March 7, 2020 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Inazuma Eleven: Ares]]''|| April 13, 2019 || October 12, 2019 ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-04-07/iuanazuma-eleven-ares-anime-premieres-on-disney-xd-on-april-13/.145452|title=Inazuma Eleven Ares Anime Premieres on Disney XD on April 13|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]]'' || September 30, 2019 || December 17, 2019 || [[Teletoon]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Rise]]'' || February 8, 2020 || October 3, 2020 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Oddbods]]'' || October 17, 2020 || December 7, 2020 || [[CITV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]'' || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | January 2, 2021 || rowspan="4" | TV Tokyo || rowspan="4" | <ref name="beyblade">{{cite tweet |author=Disney Schedule Archive |user=DisneySchedules |number=1340148610856611848 |date=December 18, 2020 |title=Some past Beyblade series will premiere on Disney XD for the first time in January. Sat, Jan 2 Beyblade: Metal Fusion - 8:00 am Beyblade: Metal Masters - 8:30 am Sun, Jan 3 Beyblade: Metal Fury - 8:00 am Beyblade: Shogun Steel - 8:30 am |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Masters]]'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fury]]'' || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | January 3, 2021 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Shogun Steel]]'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Surge]]'' || February 20, 2021 || October 9, 2021 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[101 Dalmatian Street]]'' || March 29, 2021 || November 22, 2021 || [[Disney Channel (British and Irish TV channel)|Disney Channel]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabletvt.powerrangermail.net/index.php/topic,6792.msg18672.html?PHPSESSID=d57d3abb29d2621cf5e2b9ba0b9b27d2#new|title = The Cable Forum - Disney XD April & May Premieres -- Updated 4/9}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Legend of the Three Caballeros]]'' || August 7, 2021 || October 30, 2021 || DisneyLife || <ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney Schedule Archive |user=DisneySchedules |number=1413544609523904518 |date=July 9, 2021 |title=Just like 101 Dalmatian Street, Legend of the Three Caballeros will make its US Cable Debut on Disney XD starting Saturday, August 7 at 7:30 am. https://t.co/wymk3jK9uy |language=en |access-date=July 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710151832/https://twitter.com/DisneySchedules/status/1413544609523904518 |archive-date=July 10, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney TV Animation News |user=DisneyTVANews |number=1413551575893610498 |date=July 9, 2021 |title=We're three caballeros, three gay caballeros, they say we are birds of a feather 🎶 3 years after {{sic|i|t's|nolink=y}} debut on streaming lands #LegendOfTheThreeCaballeros will make its TV debut on Disney XD 8/7 at 7:30AM on @DisneyXD https://t.co/suP6gbDXOr |language=en |access-date=July 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709173232/https://twitter.com/DisneyTVANews/status/1413551575893610498 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Ghostforce]]'' || October 4, 2021 || October 7, 2022 || [[TFOU]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2021/10/04/disney-gets-ghoulish-with-new-content/|title = Disney gets ghoulish with new content}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst QuadDrive]]'' || December 4, 2021 || November 26, 2022 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[PJ Masks]]'' || rowspan="2" | January 3, 2022 || February 24, 2022 || [[Disney Channel]] & [[Disney Junior]]<br />[[France 5]] & [[TF1]] || {{refn|group=note|Only 25 of 26 episodes from each of the first three seasons premiered on the network.}}{{refn|group=note|Reruns continued to air on Disney XD until March 22, 2022.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gigantosaurus]]'' || February 4, 2022 || [[Disney Channel]] & [[Disney Junior]]<br />[[France 5]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens]]'' ||June 6, 2022 || rowspan="2 " | December 2, 2023 || rowspan="2" | TV Tokyo || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-19/yu-gi-oh-sevens-anime-debuts-on-disney-xd-hulu-in-u.s-in-june/.185819|title=Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens Anime Debuts on Disney XD, Hulu in U.S. in June|date=May 19, 2022|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=May 22, 2022}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst QuadStrike]]'' || April 3, 2023 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.gracenote.com/overview-affiliates.html?programSeriesId=SH04672184&aid=gapzap|title=''Beyblade Burst QuadStrike'' Upcoming Airings|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|access-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mateo|first=Alex|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-03-21/beyblade-burst-quadstrike-anime-premieres-on-disney-xd-on-april-3-hulu-on-may-8/.196224|title=Beyblade Burst QuadStrike Anime Premieres on Disney XD on April 3, Hulu on May 8|website=Anime News Network|date=March 21, 2023|access-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Super Hero Squad Show]]'' || August 31, 2023 || November 19, 2023 || [[Cartoon Network]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.gracenote.com/overview-affiliates.html?programSeriesId=SH01175096&aid=gapzap|title=''The Super Hero Squad Show'' Upcoming Airings|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Bakugan (TV series)|Bakugan]]'' || September 23, 2023 || March 30, 2024 || [[Netflix]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-07-31/new-bakugan-anime-launches-on-netflix-on-september-1-on-disney-xd-on-september-23/.200796|title=New Bakugan Anime Launches on Netflix on September 1, on Disney XD on September 23|date=July 31, 2023|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=August 12, 2023}}</ref> |} ====Live-action==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos: Animal Edition]]'' || September 18, 2021 || November 27, 2021 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[BattleBots]]'' || May 23, 2016 || June 17, 2016 || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Brain Games (2011 TV series)|Brain Games]]'' || October 23, 2021 || January 22, 2022 || [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Doctor Who]]'' || June 13, 2015 || September 19, 2015 || [[BBC One]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/15/bbcs-doctor-who-seasons-2-4-starring-david-tennant-to-launch-on-disney-xd-on-saturday-may-9/389834/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418162325/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/15/bbcs-doctor-who-seasons-2-4-starring-david-tennant-to-launch-on-disney-xd-on-saturday-may-9/389834/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2015|title=BBC's 'Doctor Who' Seasons 2-4 Starring David Tennant to Launch on Disney XD on Saturday, May 9|last=Baron|first=Steve|work=TV by the Numbers|date=April 15, 2015}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fort Boyard: Ultimate Challenge]]'' || October 17, 2011 || March 23, 2012 || [[CITV]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2011/09/28/disney-xd-to-premiere-fort-boyard-ultimate-challenge-a-reality-adventure-series-on-monday-october-17-715014/20110928disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD to Premiere "Fort Boyard - Ultimate Challenge," A Reality Adventure Series on Monday, October 17|date=September 28, 2011|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gaming Show (In My Parents' Garage)]]'' || September 9, 2015 || September 30, 2015 || [[Family Chrgd]] ||<ref name=ks>{{cite news|title=Disney XD snaps up two DHX shows|url=http://kidscreen.com/2015/09/08/disney-xd-snaps-up-two-dhx-shows/|last=Dickson|first=Jeremy|work=Kidscreen|date=September 8, 2015|access-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Howie Mandel]]'s Animals Doing Things'' || February 12, 2022 || August 27, 2022 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Japanizi: Going, Going, Gong!]]'' || November 18, 2013 || November 29, 2013 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name=pranks>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2013/10/01/disney-xd-pranksgiving|title=Disney XD and the NBA team up for second annual 'Pranksgiving' -- EXCLUSIVE|last=Busis|first=Hillary|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 1, 2013|access-date=December 18, 2025|archive-date=April 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403214254/https://ew.com/article/2013/10/01/disney-xd-pranksgiving/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Just Kidding (TV series)|Just Kidding]]'' || November 19, 2012 || November 30, 2014 || [[Teletoon]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mr. Young]]'' || September 26, 2011 || May 12, 2013 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || <ref>{{cite news|last1=Dickson|first1=Jeremy|title=Disney XD picks up new season of Mr. Young|url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/04/10/disney-xd-picks-up-new-season-of-mr-young/|access-date=21 September 2015|work=Kidscreen|publisher=Brunico Communications Ltd.|date=April 10, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Out There with Jack Randall'' || April 2, 2022 || April 30, 2022 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Weird but True!]]'' || colspan="2" | July 23, 2022 || [[National Geographic Kids]]<br />[[Disney+]] |- |} ===Syndicated=== ====Animated==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Avengers: United They Stand]]'' || February 13, 2009 || August 29, 2010 |rowspan=2| [[FOX Kids]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' || February 15, 2009 || September 27, 2010 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[A.T.O.M. (TV series)|A.T.O.M.: Alpha Teens on Machines]]'' || February 13, 2009 || June 13, 2009 || [[Jetix]] || rowspan="4" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Chaotic (TV series)|Chaotic]]'' || February 18, 2009 || September 1, 2010 || [[4Kids TV]]<br />[[The CW4Kids]]<br />[[Cartoon Network]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (TV series)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' || May 19, 2022 || March 22, 2026 || [[Disney Channel]]<br />[[The Disney Afternoon]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Digimon Data Squad]]'' || February 13, 2009 || June 13, 2009 || [[Fuji TV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)|Fantastic Four]]'' || February 15, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || [[The Marvel Action Hour]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] || <ref name=zap2it/> |- | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''[[Fillmore!]]'' || March 17, 2009 || August 16, 2009 || rowspan="2" | Toon Disney<br />[[ABC Kids (United States)|ABC Kids]] || rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.disneyabcpress.com/disneyxd/calendar/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180420153444/https://www.disneyabcpress.com/disneyxd/calendar/|archive-date = April 20, 2018|title = Calendar &#124; Disney XD Press}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |April 19, 2018 |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]''|| rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || October 15, 2012 || [[The Disney Afternoon]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]]<br />[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|| rowspan="3" |<ref name="zap2it">{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109080216/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[The Incredible Hulk (1996 TV series)|The Incredible Hulk]]''|| rowspan="2" | March 12, 2012 || [[UPN]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Iron Man (TV series)|Iron Man]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 15, 2009 || [[The Marvel Action Hour]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures]]''|| September 27, 2010 ||[[The WB]]|| rowspan="2" | |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Legend of the Dragon (TV series)|Legend of the Dragon]]'' || colspan="2"| February 19, 2009 || [[BKN]] syndication |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[The Legend of Tarzan (TV series)|The Legend of Tarzan]]''|| rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || May 14, 2012 ||[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<br />[[UPN]]||<ref name="zap2it" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Ōban Star-Racers]]''|| June 13, 2009 || [[Jetix]] || rowspan="2" |<ref name="zap2it4" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]''|| February 15, 2009 || June 15, 2009 || [[The WB]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]''|| April 14, 2009 || October 27, 2011 ||[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<br />[[UPN]]|| |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" |''[[Silver Surfer (TV series)|Silver Surfer]]''|| February 17, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || FOX Kids ||<ref name="zap2it" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Sonic Underground]]'' || June 11, 2012 || December 14, 2012 || [[BKN]] syndication || <ref name=aug2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd-pacific|title=Disney XD Pacific TV Schedule|work=Locate TV|date=August 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816091022/http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd-pacific|archive-date=August 16, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Monster Buster Club]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || December 28, 2010 |rowspan=3| [[Jetix]] || rowspan="4" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Get Ed]]'' || June 13, 2009 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pucca (TV series)|Pucca]]'' || February 17, 2009 || December 27, 2009 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || June 14, 2009 || [[Freeform (TV channel)|ABC Family]]<br />[[Jetix]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man (1994 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' || rowspan="3" | January 2, 2012 || FOX Kids || rowspan="3" | <ref name="zap2it3">{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108200235/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=January 8, 2011}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends]]'' || February 26, 2009 ||[[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man Unlimited]]'' || February 15, 2009 || FOX Kids |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Static Shock]]'' || February 14, 2009 || September 27, 2010 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Storm Hawks]]'' || February 28, 2011 || March 17, 2011 || Cartoon Network<br />[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]'' || February 15, 2009 || September 27, 2010 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[X-Men: The Animated Series|X-Men]]'' || February 13, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || FOX Kids || <ref name=zap2it/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[X-Men: Evolution]]'' || June 15, 2009 || December 30, 2011 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it2>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109203752/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> |- |} ====Live-action==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'' || September 18, 2009 || August 14, 2010 || [[NBC]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[My Babysitter's a Vampire (TV series)|My Babysitter's a Vampire]]'' || November 7, 2011 || December 7, 2012 || [[Teletoon]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=34&aid=zap2it|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018010842/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=34&aid=zap2it|archive-date=October 18, 2012}}</ref> |} ====Movies==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Naruto Shippuden the Movie]]'' || May 15, 2011 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-05-04/disney-xd-to-run-naruto/shippuden-the-movie-on-may-15|title=Disney XD to Run Naruto: Shippuden the Movie on May 15|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> |- |} ===Programming from Disney Channel=== {{see also|Disney Channel}} ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Cars Toons]]'' |rowspan=3|February 13, 2009 |August 31, 2012 | |- |''[[Brandy & Mr. Whiskers]]'' |February 10, 2019 | |- |''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (TV series)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' |May 20, 2022 | |- |''[[The Emperor's New School]]''² |rowspan=4|February 27, 2009 |December 10, 2025 | |- |''[[The Proud Family]]'' |June 4, 2019 | |- |''[[Dave the Barbarian]]'' |July 29, 2018 | |- |''[[The Replacements (TV series)|The Replacements]]''² |December 25, 2009 | |- |''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]'' |April 14, 2009 |July 29, 2018 | |- |''[[Mickey Mouse (TV series)|Mickey Mouse]]'' |November 29, 2013 |November 18, 2025 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvschedulearchive.com/disney-xd/2013/112513.txt|title=None}}</ref> |- |''[[Tangled: The Series]]'' |July 7, 2024 |May 24, 2026 | |- |''[[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]]'' |September 30, 2019 |October 25, 2024 | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Famous Jett Jackson]]'' |rowspan=2|February 14, 2009 |May 1, 2009 | |- |''[[Even Stevens]]''² |January 15, 2010 | rowspan="2" |<ref name=zap2it4>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=88&channelCnt=88|title=Disney XD TV Schedule|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226122154/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=88&channelCnt=88|archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Phil of the Future]]''² |February 15, 2009 |December 11, 2009 |- |''[[Cory in the House]]'' |May 19, 2009 |April 26, 2011 | rowspan="2" | |- |''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]''² |February 13, 2009 |July 11, 2014 |- |''[[The Suite Life on Deck]]'' |April 24, 2009 |May 6, 2014 |<ref name=zap2it/> |- |''[[So Random!]]'' |August 21, 2012 |June 30, 2013 |<ref name=zap2it4/> |- |''[[Code: 9]]'' |November 19, 2012 |November 17, 2016 | |- |''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]'' |February 13, 2012 |rowspan=2|June 30, 2014 |<ref name=june2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd|title=Disney XD Schedule|date=June 20, 2013|work=Locate TV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620112101/http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd|archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Jessie (2011 TV series)|Jessie]]'' |June 28, 2013 | rowspan="3" | |- |''[[PrankStars]]'' |November 15, 2016 |November 24, 2016 |- |''[[Secrets of Sulphur Springs]]'' |May 7, 2022 |June 4, 2022 |} ===Programming from Disney Junior=== {{see also|Disney Junior}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' |January 3, 2022 |March 31, 2024 | rowspan="2" | |- |''[[Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures]]'' |May 4, 2023 |June 1, 2025 |} ===Programming from Disney+=== {{see also|List of Disney+ original programming}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder]]'' |January 8, 2023 |February 5, 2023 | rowspan="5" | |- |''[[Chip 'n' Dale: Park Life]]'' |January 14, 2023 |March 26, 2023 |- |''[[Win or Lose (miniseries)|Win or Lose]]'' |July 7, 2025 |September 28, 2025 |- |''[[Dream Productions]]'' |August 30, 2025 |September 20, 2025 |- |''[[Iwájú]]'' |February 6, 2026 |February 20, 2026 |} ==Original films== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Skyrunners]]'' || November 27, 2009 || <ref name=nov27/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pants on Fire (film)|Pants on Fire]]'' || November 9, 2014 || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-xd-movie-pants-on-fire-set-for-november-premiere/|title=Disney XD Movie 'Pants on Fire' Set for November Premiere|last=Nededog|first=Jethro|work=The Wrap|date=October 9, 2014}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Mark & Russell's Wild Ride'' || November 23, 2015 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://kidscreen.com/2015/10/29/disney-xd-sets-mark-russells-wild-ride-for-november-premiere/|title=Disney XD sets Mark & Russell's Wild Ride for November premiere|last=Getzler|first=Wendy Goldman|work=Kidscreen|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> |- |} ==Programming blocks== ===Former=== * ''Disney XD's Saturday Morning'' (2009–13) * ''Disney XD's My Life'' (2010) * ''Saturday Mornings Disney XD Style'' (2010) * ''Phineas and Ferb's Summer Vacation'' (2010) * ''Marvel Universe'' (2012–19) * ''Nonstop Summer'' (2012–13) * ''Disney Fandom'' (2013) * ''Randomation Animation'' (2013–14) * ''Show Me the Monday'' (2013–14) * ''Show Me the Shark'' (2014) * ''Animacation'' (2014) * ''Anime Block'' (2017–20) * ''D|XP'' (2017) ==Related pages== *[[ABC Kids (TV programming block)|ABC Kids]] * [[List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel]] * [[List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids]], whose library was merged into the Toon Disney schedule in 2002 * [[List of programs broadcast by Jetix (block)|List of programs broadcast by Jetix]], Toon Disney's evening block from 2004 until 2009 * [[List of programs broadcast by Toon Disney]], its branding from 1998 until 2009 ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Programs}} [[Category:Disney XD shows| ]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|Disney XD]] [[Category:Disney-related lists]] o1dvbcwwebqz9oxu6t8g81cbfzueuh6 10883005 10883003 2026-06-10T09:09:42Z ~2026-34132-18 1819487 /* Original programming */ 10883005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}} {{Use American English|date=July 2024}} [[File:2015 Disney XD logo.svg|right|200px]] This is a list of programs and specials formerly and currently broadcast by the children's cable television channel '''[[Disney XD]]''' in the United States, and previously throughout the world on its [[List of Disney XD TV channels|international sister networks]]. Dates listed below are for American premiere or finales. ==Current programming== === Original programming === * ¹ Indicates its program is shared with [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]¹'' |February 13, 2009 |{{refn|group=note|Select episodes premiered on Disney XD before airing on Disney Channel later.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Big City Greens]]¹'' |September 3, 2018 |{{refn|group=note|This series was originally going to air new episodes on Disney XD, but it instead began airing new episodes on Disney Channel while Disney XD would air reruns. Despite this, the show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its fourth season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Chibiverse]]¹'' |November 14, 2022 |{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Kiff (TV series)|Kiff]]¹'' |March 10, 2023 | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Dragon Striker]]'' | June 9, 2026 |<ref>{{Cite Instagram |user=disneytva |postid=DV1HUcfEgAe |date=March 14, 2026 |title=Dragon Striker is coming to @disneyplus and Disney XD this year! 🥅 💫 |access-date=March 17, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tangcay|first=Jazz|title='Dragon Striker' Trailer: First Look at Disney’s Sports Fantasy Animated Series (EXCLUSIVE)|url=https://variety.com/2026/tv/trailers/dragon-striker-trailer-disney-animated-series-1236738454/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=May 6, 2026|access-date=May 6, 2026}}</ref> |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Current season !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Armorsaurs]]'' || October 13, 2025 |1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAKE Signs Global Two-Season Deal with Disney Branded Television for MGA Entertainment's 'Armorsaurs' Series |url=https://via.ritzau.dk/pressemeddelelse/14597394/mga-entertainment?publisherId=90446&lang=en}}</ref> |} ===Acquired programming=== ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:20%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Current season !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade X]]'' || July 13, 2024 |[[List of Beyblade X episodes#Season 2 (2024–25)|2]] | <ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan |title=Exclusive: Beyblade X Anime to Premiere in U.S. on Disney XD on July 13 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-07-04/exclusive-beyblade-x-anime-to-premiere-in-u.s-on-disney-xd-on-july-13/.212855 |website=Anime News Network |access-date=13 July 2024 |language=en |date=5 July 2024}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir]]¹'' || January 3, 2025 |[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir season 6|6]] |{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its sixth season.}} |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left; | ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!!]]'' || January 11, 2025 |[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Go Rush!! season 1|1]] | |} ===Repeats of ended series=== A list of programs currently broadcast in reruns. ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gravity Falls]]'' |August 5, 2012 |February 15, 2016 |2016–present |{{refn|group=note|name=disney channel|This series was originally syndicated from Disney Channel, but later moved to Disney XD.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Star vs. the Forces of Evil]]''² || February 16, 2015 || May 25, 2019 || 2019–21; 2023; 2026–present || {{refn|group=note|Moved to Disney Channel for its fourth and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Future-Worm!]]'' |August 1, 2016 |May 19, 2018 |2018–19; 2024–present |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/new-series-future-worm-to-air-on-disney-xd-in-fall-2015/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022091802/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/new-series-future-worm-to-air-on-disney-xd-in-fall-2015/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 22, 2016|title=New Series 'Future-Worm!' to Air on Disney XD in Fall 2015|date=February 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2016/06/future-worm-premiere-date-disney-xd-selma-blair-1201773054/|title='Future-Worm!' Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD; Selma Blair, Chelsea Peretti Among Guest Stars|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=June 15, 2016}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Milo Murphy's Law]]''² || October 3, 2016 || May 18, 2019 || 2019; 2021–25; 2026–present || {{refn|group=note|Moved to Disney Channel for its second and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer]]'' || June 3, 2017 || June 15, 2017 || 2017–18; 2020; 2026–present ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/disney-xd-announces-billy-dilly-and-country-club/|title=Disney XD Announces 'Billy Dilly' and 'Country Club'|date=March 4, 2016|website=animationmagazine.net|access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[DuckTales (2017)|DuckTales]]'' |August 12, 2017 |March 15, 2021 |2021–present |{{refn|group=note|The series was originally moved to Disney Channel on May 1, 2018. Disney XD continued to air reruns of the show when it was moved. Beginning on April 4, 2020, regular premieres were switched back to Disney XD. DuckTales is still considered both a Disney Channel & Disney XD original.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/06/ducktales-cartoon-reboot-premiere-date-disney-xd-1202113080/|title='DuckTales': Cartoon Reboot Gets Premiere Date On Disney XD|first=Denise|last=Petski|date=June 14, 2017|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=August 14, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Big Hero 6: The Series]]'' || November 20, 2017 || February 15, 2021 || 2021–present || {{refn|group=note|This series premiered simultaneously on Disney Channel and Disney XD on November 20, 2017. It was intended for regular premieres on Disney XD afterward, but was instead moved to Disney Channel after the premiere of the first episode, while Disney XD continues to air re-runs. In 2020, regular premieres were switched back to Disney XD.}}<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1207836041337421826|title= I believe that is accurate. We've got fun stuff coming!|first=Mark|last=McCorkle|user=ridiculousmark|date=December 19, 2019|access-date=December 19, 2019}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Owl House]]³'' || March 23, 2020 || April 8, 2023 || 2023–present || {{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its third and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Hamster & Gretel]]³'' || August 12, 2022 || April 13, 2025 || 2025–present ||{{refn|group=note|This series premiered simultaneously on Disney Channel and Disney XD on August 12, 2022. Regular premieres would premiere first on Disney Channel while Disney XD would air reruns on its first season. The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Zombies: The Re-Animated Series]]¹'' |June 28, 2024 |December 7, 2024 |2024–present | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Aaron Stone]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 30, 2010 || 2010–11; 2015; 2026–present ||<ref name=launch/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Zeke and Luther]]'' || June 15, 2009 || April 2, 2012 || 2012–17; 2026–present || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-channel-air-uninterrupted-lion-witch-wardrobe-friday|title=Disney Channel to Air Uninterrupted Lion, Witch, Wardrobe on Friday|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|work=Animation World Network|date=June 17, 2009}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lab Rats (American TV series)|Lab Rats]]'' || February 27, 2012 || February 3, 2016 || 2016–22; 2026–present || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/09/disney-xd-set-to-premiere-new-comedy-lab-rats-on-monday-february-27/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312102821/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/01/09/disney-xd-set-to-premiere-new-comedy-lab-rats-on-monday-february-27/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2016|title=Disney XD Set to Premiere New Comedy 'Lab Rats' on Monday, February 27|date=January 9, 2012|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |} ===Programming from Disney Channel=== ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Title !Premiere date !Source(s) |- |''[[American Dragon: Jake Long]]'' |February 14, 2009 | |- |''[[Fish Hooks]]'' |February 19, 2011 | |- |''[[Kim Possible]]''² |February 3, 2014 | |- |''[[Lilo & Stitch: The Series]]'' |March 11, 2018 | |- | ''[[Amphibia (TV series)|Amphibia]]'' |August 5, 2019 | |} ==Upcoming programming== ===Original programming=== ==Former programming== ===Original programming=== ====Animated series==== *¹ Indicates program moved from [[Jetix]]. *² Indicates program moved to the [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. *³ Indicates program is shared with the [[Disney Channel]] cable channel. {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yin Yang Yo!]]''¹ || February 13, 2009 || April 18, 2009 || 2009–10 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kick Buttowski: Suburban Daredevil]]'' || February 13, 2010 || December 2, 2012 || 2012–21; 2023–24 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.toonzone.net/kick-buttowski-to-premiere-on-disney-xd-on-february-13-2010/|title="Kick Buttowski" to Premiere on Disney XD on February 13, 2010|last=Liu|first=Ed|work=Toonzone|date=January 20, 2010|access-date=March 28, 2016|archive-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225422/http://www.toonzone.net/kick-buttowski-to-premiere-on-disney-xd-on-february-13-2010/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Motorcity (TV series)|Motorcity]]'' || April 30, 2012 || January 7, 2013 || 2013; 2015; 2020; 2023–24 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/biz/motorcity-set-to-premiere-april-30-on-disney-xd-60560.html|title="Motorcity" Set To Premiere April 30 on Disney XD|date=April 5, 2012|last=Arrant|first=Chris|work=Cartoon Brew}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Tron: Uprising]]'' ||May 21, 2012 ||January 28, 2013 || 2013; 2015; 2020–25 ||<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-premiere-tron-uprising-may-18|title=Disney XD to Premiere 'Tron: Uprising' on May 18|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=May 3, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja]]'' || August 13, 2012 || July 27, 2015 || 2015–18; 2020–21 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/randy-cunningham-9th-grade-ninja-premieres-sept17|title='Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja' Premieres Sept.17|last=Washington|first=Ed|date=August 7, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Wander Over Yonder]]'' || December 9, 2013 || June 27, 2016 ||2016–21; 2023; 2025–26||{{refn|group=note|name=disney channel}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The 7D]]'' || July 7, 2014 || November 5, 2016 || 2016–17 || <ref>{{cite news|title='The 7D' Report for July 7 Disney XD Premiere|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/the-7d-report-for-july-7-disney-xd-premiere/|last=McLean|first=Thomas J.|access-date=June 16, 2014|work=Animation Magazine|date=December 10, 2014}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Star Wars Rebels]]'' || October 3, 2014 || March 5, 2018 || 2018; 2020–21; 2023–26 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero]]'' || December 5, 2014 || July 28, 2017 || 2017–21; 2026 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pickle and Peanut]]'' || September 7, 2015 || January 20, 2018 || 2018–22; 2024–26 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures]]'' || {{dts|2016|06|20}} || August 16, 2017 || 2017–18; 2021–22 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" |''[[Right Now Kapow]]'' || September 19, 2016 || May 31, 2017 || 2017–18 || {{refn|name=RNKP|group=note|Produced and owned by rival company [[Warner Bros. Animation]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Ghost and Molly McGee]]³'' || January 10, 2022 || January 13, 2024 || 2024–26 ||{{refn|group=note|The show began to simulcast with Disney XD with its second and final season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Monsters at Work]]³'' || January 9, 2023 || May 4, 2024 || rowspan="2" | 2024 ||{{refn|group=note|This series aired as a Disney+ original in its first season but became a Disney Channel original and simulcast with Disney XD starting with its second season.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hailey's On It!]]³'' || June 8, 2023 || May 18, 2024 || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Primos (TV series)|Primos]]³'' || July 25, 2024 || April 27, 2025 || rowspan="2" | 2025–26 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[StuGo]]³'' || January 11, 2025 || May 3, 2025 |- ! colspan="5" | Marvel Universe programming |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Spectacular Spider-Man (TV series)|The Spectacular Spider-Man]]'' || March 23, 2009 || November 18, 2009 || 2009–10 || {{refn|group=note|First-run episodes started airing on June 22, 2009 after previously airing on [[Kids' WB]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes]]'' || October 20, 2010 || May 5, 2013 || 2013; 2023 || <ref name="TV by the Numbers">{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/20/the-avengers-earths-mightiest-heroes-premieres-wednesday-october-20-on-disney-xd/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409210646/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/20/the-avengers-earths-mightiest-heroes-premieres-wednesday-october-20-on-disney-xd/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 9, 2016|title='The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes!', Premieres Wednesday, October 20 on Disney XD|work=TV by the Numbers|date=September 20, 2010}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Ultimate Spider-Man (TV series)|Ultimate Spider-Man]]'' || April 1, 2012 || January 7, 2017 || 2017–21; 2023 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Avengers Assemble (TV series)|Avengers Assemble]]'' || May 26, 2013 || February 24, 2019 || 2019; 2022–23 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.]]'' || August 11, 2013 || June 28, 2015 || 2015; 2023 || <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://marvel.com/news/tv/20882/hulk_the_agents_of_smash_premieres_august_11|title=Hulk & the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Premieres August 11|date=July 12, 2013|work=Marvel}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)|Guardians of the Galaxy]]'' || September 5, 2015 || June 9, 2019 || 2019; 2021; 2023 ||<ref name="facebook.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/DisneyXD/photos/np.1437674472374680.100002347630276/953740354667396/|title=Facebook|website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref><ref name="Broadway World">{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disney-XD-Announces-September-2015-Programming-Highlights-20150828|title=Disney XD Announces September 2015 Programming Highlights|date=August 28, 2015|work=Broadway World|access-date=August 31, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/guardians-of-the-galaxy-animated-series-poster-reveal |title=Guardians of the Galaxy Animated Series Poster Reveal |work=[[IGN]] |first=Eric |last=Goldman |date=July 6, 2015 |access-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708011911/http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/07/06/guardians-of-the-galaxy-animated-series-poster-reveal |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man (2017 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' || August 19, 2017 || October 25, 2020 || 2020–21; 2023 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Moon Girl and Devil Dinosaur]]³'' || May 29, 2023 || March 8, 2025 || 2025–26 |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[I'm in the Band]]'' || November 27, 2009 || December 9, 2011 || 2011–12; 2015 ||<ref name=nov27>{{cite news|url=http://www.shineon-media.com/2009/10/21/skyrunners-im-in-the-band-coming-nov-27-to-disneyxd/|title='Skyrunners' & 'I'm In the Band' Coming Nov 27 to Disney XD|date=October 21, 2009|work=Shine On Media}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pair of Kings]]'' || September 22, 2010 || February 18, 2013 || 2013–16 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/08/30/disney-xds-pair-of-kings-premieres-september-22/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414014924/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/08/30/disney-xds-pair-of-kings-premieres-september-22/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 14, 2016|title=Disney XD's 'Pair of Kings' Premieres September 22|date=August 30, 2010|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kickin' It]]'' || June 13, 2011 || March 25, 2015 || 2015–17; 2020 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/05/16/disney-xd-premieres-martial-arts-themed-sitcom-kickin-it-and-season-two-of-pair-of-kings-monday-june-13/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312205905/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/05/16/disney-xd-premieres-martial-arts-themed-sitcom-kickin-it-and-season-two-of-pair-of-kings-monday-june-13/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 12, 2016|title=Disney XD Premieres Martial Arts-Themed Sitcom "Kickin' It" and Season Two of "Pair of Kings," Monday, June 13|date=May 16, 2011|work=TV by the Numbers}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Crash & Bernstein]]'' || October 8, 2012 || August 11, 2014 || 2014 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-announces-crash-bernstein-premiere|title=Disney Announces 'Crash & Bernstein' Premiere|last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=August 30, 2012|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mighty Med]]'' || October 7, 2013 || September 9, 2015 || 2015–16 || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/disney-xd-sets-debut-mighty-623331|title=Disney XD Sets Debut for 'Mighty Med' Comedy Series (Exclusive)|date=September 9, 2013|last=Ng|first=Philiana|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kirby Buckets]]'' || {{dts|2014|10|20}} || February 2, 2017 || 2017; 2020–21 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gamer's Guide to Pretty Much Everything]]'' || {{dts|2015|07|22}} || January 2, 2017 || 2017–18 || <ref name="TVSeriesFinale">{{cite news|first=Jessica|last=Pena|url=http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/gamers-guide-pretty-much-everything-cancelled-disney-xd-no-season-three|title=Gamer's Guide To Pretty Much Everything: Cancelled by Disney XD; No Season Three|work=TV Series Finale|date=January 10, 2017|access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lab Rats: Elite Force]]'' || March 2, 2016 || October 22, 2016 || 2016–17; 2021 || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Walk the Prank]]'' || April 6, 2016 || July 16, 2018 || 2018–22 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mech-X4]]'' || December 5, 2016 || August 20, 2018 || 2021 ||{{refn|group=note|First-run episodes started airing on April 17, 2017 after previously airing on [[Disney Channel]].}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''G.O.A.T.'' || rowspan="2" | November 6, 2021 || rowspan="2" | April 23, 2022 || {{N/A}} || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Eye Wonder'' || {{N/A}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Roman to the Rescue'' || February 12, 2022 || August 20, 2022 || 2022 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2022/01/20/new-dodo-series-finds-a-forever-home-at-disney/|title=New Dodo Series Finds a Forever Home at Disney|first=Jeremy|last=Dickson|date=January 20, 2022|website=Kidscreen|access-date=February 7, 2022}}</ref> |} ====Miniseries==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:75%;text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:25%;" | Title !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Premiere date !! scope="col" style="width:10%;" | Finale date !! scope="col" style="width:15%;" | Date(s) reran !! class="unsortable" style="width:5%;" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales]]'' || {{dts|2015|07|06}} || November 2, 2015 || 2015–18 || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/disney-to-retell-star-wars-saga-in-new-lego-tv-series/041648|title=Disney to retell Star Wars saga in new LEGO TV series|access-date=March 2, 2015|archive-date=March 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305112723/http://www.licensing.biz/news/read/disney-to-retell-star-wars-saga-in-new-lego-tv-series/041648|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Resistance Rises]]'' || {{dts|2016|02|15}} || May 4, 2016 || {{N/A}} || |} ====Short series==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Years aired !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Bruno the Great'' || rowspan="4" | 2009 || rowspan="3" | <ref name=launch/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Robodz'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Moises Rules'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Next X'' || rowspan="10" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Shreducation'' || 2009–10 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Disney XD Shortstop'' || rowspan="2" | 2009-11 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Team Smithereen'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[SportsCenter]] High-5'' || 2010–17 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Wipeout (2008 game show)|Wipeout]] Moments'' || 2010–11 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Gravity Falls episodes#Shorts|Gravity Falls]]'' shorts || 2013–14 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Future-Worm!]]'' shorts || 2015 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Two More Eggs]]'' || 2015–17 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Wander Over Yonder episodes#Shorts (2015)|Wander Over Yonder]]'' shorts || 2015 |- ! colspan="5" | Marvel Universe shorts |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Guardians of the Galaxy'' shorts || 2017 || <ref name="TV by the Numbers"/> |- |} ====DXP programming==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Production company !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Format !! class="unsortable" | Ref(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Parker Plays]]'' | Disney Digital Network<br />Digomind Productions | rowspan="3" | July 15, 2017 | November 19, 2018 | rowspan="2" | Playthroughs | <ref name="tf">{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Geoff |date=June 15, 2017 |title=Disney XD Taps Maker's Jacksepticeye, ParkerGames, Strawburry17 For Summer TV Block - Tubefilter |work=Tubefilter |url=http://www.tubefilter.com/2017/06/15/disney-xd-maker-studios-jacksepticeye-parkergames-strawburry17-tv/ |access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Player Select'' | Attack Media | November 23, 2020 | <ref name="tf"/><ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney XD |user=DisneyXD |number=1143577910030286849 |date=June 25, 2019 |title=JackSepticEye is back with his friends to run through an ever-changing, fast-paced mashup of video games featuring Fortnite, Mother Simulator, Destiny and much more! 🎮 New episodes of #PlayerSelect premiere every Monday through Wednesday at 6:30pm! https://t.co/KOiS3GBolc |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvpassport.com/series/polaris-player-select/344952|title=TVPassPort|access-date=August 29, 2019}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Polaris Primetime'' | [[Maker Studios]]<br />Digomind Productions | September 2, 2017 | Playthrough gaming variety show hosted by [[Jimmy Wong]] and [[Strawburry17]] | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/polaris-primetime/episodes/1082102/ | title=Polaris Primetime | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''The IGN Show'' | [[IGN]] | rowspan="2" | July 17, 2017 | September 8, 2017 | Daily show | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-ign-show/episodes/1088058/ | title=The IGN Show| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name=tf/><ref>{{cite tweet |author=IGN |user=IGN |number=886970363363549184 |date=July 17, 2017 |title=TONIGHT at 9:30pm on the PREMIERE of #TheIGNShow on @DisneyXD's #DXP - we talk to @WWERollins about being the cover superstar for @WWE 2K18! https://t.co/1tdoxGLwJf |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Play with Caution'' | [[Blue Ribbon Content]] | July 20, 2017 | Competition show | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/play-with-caution/EP02730446?aid=zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726221737/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tv/play-with-caution/EP02730446?aid=zap2it|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 26, 2017|title=TV Listings: Play With Caution|work=[[Zap2It]] | access-date=July 25, 2017 | at=Click Episode Guide to go through program history, otherwise current schedule shows it is airing on Disney XD with premiere episodes on Mondays}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/play-with-caution/1085804/ | title=Play With Caution | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 1, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726221641/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/play-with-caution/1085804/ | archive-date=2017-07-26 | url-status=live | at=Click Overview to get to current listings show confirm to be broadcast on Disney XD. Click Episodes to find the premiere episode aired on July 17, 2017 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''The Attack'' | Attack Media | July 31, 2017 | September 5, 2017 | Daily show | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/the-attack/episodes/1094519/ | title=The Attack| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Waypoint Presents'' | Waypoint ([[Vice Media]]) | August 16, 2017 | rowspan="2" | October 5, 2017 | Top gaming stories | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/waypoint-presents/episodes-season-1/1094928/ | title=Waypoints Presents | work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''ESL Speedrunners'' | [[ESL (company)|ESL]] | August 1, 2017 | Speedrun playthroughs | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/esl-speedrunners/episodes/1094805/ | title=ESL Speedrunners| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Overwatch Contenders'' | [[Blizzard Entertainment|Blizzard]] | September 16, 2017 | November 5, 2017 | [[Overwatch (video game)|''Overwatch'']]-themed playthroughs (later minor esports competition) | <ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/overwatch-contenders/episodes/1106275/ | title=Overwatch Contenders| work=[[TV Guide]] | access-date=August 20, 2019 }}</ref><ref name="tf" /> |} ===Acquired programming=== ====Animated<!-- Only include television shows from different channels whose broadcasting rights were acquired by Disney XD, shows made and owned by a different company (excluding NA television rights of international shows) please list at Original programming -->==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Jimmy Two-Shoes]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 15, 2011 || Teletoon || rowspan="2" | <ref name=launch>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-sets-date-xd-rebrand|title=Disney Sets Date for XD Rebrand|last=Moody|first=Annemarie|work=Animation World Network|date=January 7, 2009}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Kid vs. Kat]]'' || February 13, 2009 || July 20, 2011 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Naruto: Shippuden episodes|Naruto: Shippuden]]'' || October 28, 2009 || November 5, 2011 || [[TV Tokyo]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-10-28/reminder/naruto-shippuden-to-debut-on-disney-xd-tonight|title=Reminder: Naruto Shippūden to Debut on Disney XD Tonight|date=October 28, 2009|work=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Rated A for Awesome]]'' || June 20, 2011 || January 31, 2012 || YTV|| <ref>{{cite news|url=http://kidscreen.com/2011/04/13/disney-xd-gets-rated-a-for-awesome/|title=Disney XD gets Rated A For Awesome|last=Getzler|first=Wendy Goldman|work=Kidscreen|date=April 13, 2011}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Stitch!]]'' || October 24, 2011 || October 27, 2011 || TV Asahi || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-10-28/stitch-anime-no-longer-listed-on-disney-xd|title=Stitch! Anime No Longer Listed on Disney XD|date=October 28, 2011|work=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Jungle Book (2010 TV series)|The Jungle Book]]'' || June 11, 2012 || October 5, 2012 || [[TF1]] || <ref name=aug2012/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Slugterra]]'' || October 15, 2012 || October 19, 2013 || Family Chrgd || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/disney-xd-to-sling-new-toon-slugterra-in-oct/|title=Disney XD to Sling New Toon 'Slugterra' in Oct.|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|work=Animation Magazine|date=September 6, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Max Steel (2013 TV series)|Max Steel]]'' || March 25, 2013 || December 7, 2013 || [[Disney XD]] || <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://news.mattel.com/news/action-packed-animated-series-max-steelTM-premieres-monday-march-25-at-4pm-et-pt|title=Action-Packed Animated Series Max Steel™ Premieres Monday, March 25, at 4PM (ET/PT)|date=March 21, 2013|work=Mattel|location=El Segundo}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures]]'' || June 15, 2013 || December 26, 2015 || Family Chrgd || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2013/05/31/disney-xd-to-launch-pac-man-and-the-ghostly-adventures-on-saturday-june-15-337522/20130531disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD to Launch "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures" on Saturday, June 15|date=May 31, 2013|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'' || July 13, 2013 || October 30, 2014 || rowspan="2" | [[Teletoon]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Packages from Planet X]]'' || July 13, 2013 || February 21, 2014 || <ref name=random>{{cite news|url=http://www.awn.com/news/disney-xd-kicks-randomation-block|title=Disney XD Kicks Off 'Randomation' Block |last=Wolfe|first=Jennifer|date=July 12, 2013|work=Animation World Network}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Xiaolin Chronicles]]'' || August 26, 2013 || February 11, 2014 || [[Gulli]] & [[Canal J]]<br />Disney XD & [[Netflix]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Disney-XD-Announces-August-Programming-Highlights-20130731#|title=Disney XD Announces August Programming Highlights|date=July 31, 2013|work=Broadway World}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Boyster]]'' || June 16, 2014 || November 10, 2014 || [[Disney XD (UK & Ireland)|Disney XD]]<br />[[France 4]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2014/05/29/original-series-boyster-premieres-saturday-june-14-on-disney-xd-356015/20140529disneyxd01/|title=Original Series "Boyster" Premieres Saturday, June 14 on Disney XD|date=May 29, 2014|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Doraemon: Gadget Cat from the Future]]'' || July 7, 2014 || September 1, 2015|| [[TV Asahi]]||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.zap2it.com/overview.html?programSeriesId=SH01938159&tmsId=SH019381590000&from=TVGrid&aid=gapzap|title=Doraemon Episode Guide|work=Zap2it}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yo-kai Watch]]''|| October 5, 2015 || August 16, 2020 || TV Tokyo ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-06-23/yo-kai-watch-anime-to-premiere-on-disney-xd/.89623|title=Yo-kai Watch Anime to Premiere on Disney XD|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Counterfeit Cat]]'' || May 27, 2016 || January 30, 2017 || rowspan="2" | [[Teletoon]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Atomic Puppet]]'' || May 30, 2016 || March 8, 2017 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fangbone!]]'' || July 5, 2016 || March 20, 2017 || [[Family Chrgd]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst (season 1)|Beyblade Burst]]'' || December 19, 2016 || November 11, 2017 || rowspan="10" | TV Tokyo ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-10-19/beyblade-burst-premieres-in-us-on-disney-xd-in-december/.107846|title=Beyblade Burst Premieres in US on Disney XD in December|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2019-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-16|title=Disney XD Dates 'Beyblade Burst'|url=https://www.licenseglobal.com/entertainment/disney-xd-dates-beyblade-burst|access-date=2020-12-18|website=licenseglobal.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY episodes|Pokémon the Series: XY]]'' || February 11, 2017 || April 6, 2017 || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY: Kalos Quest episodes|Pokémon the Series: XY Kalos Quest]]'' || April 8, 2017 || May 31, 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tv.twcc.com/listings/disney-xd#08-Apr-2017|title=Disney XD TV Schedule - TWC Central|website=tv.twcc.com|access-date=July 25, 2017}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: Sun & Moon episodes|Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon]]'' || May 12, 2017 || December 9, 2017 || rowspan="6" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[List of Pokémon: XY & Z episodes|Pokémon the Series: XYZ]]'' || June 7, 2017 || September 18, 2017 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon – Ultra Adventures]]'' || March 24, 2018 || February 23, 2019 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Evolution]]'' || December 4, 2017 || November 17, 2018 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Turbo]]'' || December 15, 2018 || December 21, 2019 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pokémon the Series: Sun & Moon – Ultra Legends]]'' || March 23, 2019 || March 7, 2020 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Inazuma Eleven: Ares]]''|| April 13, 2019 || October 12, 2019 ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-04-07/iuanazuma-eleven-ares-anime-premieres-on-disney-xd-on-april-13/.145452|title=Inazuma Eleven Ares Anime Premieres on Disney XD on April 13|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=2020-01-27}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]]'' || September 30, 2019 || December 17, 2019 || [[Teletoon]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Rise]]'' || February 8, 2020 || October 3, 2020 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Oddbods]]'' || October 17, 2020 || December 7, 2020 || [[CITV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fusion]]'' || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | January 2, 2021 || rowspan="4" | TV Tokyo || rowspan="4" | <ref name="beyblade">{{cite tweet |author=Disney Schedule Archive |user=DisneySchedules |number=1340148610856611848 |date=December 18, 2020 |title=Some past Beyblade series will premiere on Disney XD for the first time in January. Sat, Jan 2 Beyblade: Metal Fusion - 8:00 am Beyblade: Metal Masters - 8:30 am Sun, Jan 3 Beyblade: Metal Fury - 8:00 am Beyblade: Shogun Steel - 8:30 am |language=en |access-date=December 24, 2020}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Masters]]'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Metal Fury]]'' || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | January 3, 2021 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade: Shogun Steel]]'' |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst Surge]]'' || February 20, 2021 || October 9, 2021 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[101 Dalmatian Street]]'' || March 29, 2021 || November 22, 2021 || [[Disney Channel (British and Irish TV channel)|Disney Channel]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cabletvt.powerrangermail.net/index.php/topic,6792.msg18672.html?PHPSESSID=d57d3abb29d2621cf5e2b9ba0b9b27d2#new|title = The Cable Forum - Disney XD April & May Premieres -- Updated 4/9}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Legend of the Three Caballeros]]'' || August 7, 2021 || October 30, 2021 || DisneyLife || <ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney Schedule Archive |user=DisneySchedules |number=1413544609523904518 |date=July 9, 2021 |title=Just like 101 Dalmatian Street, Legend of the Three Caballeros will make its US Cable Debut on Disney XD starting Saturday, August 7 at 7:30 am. https://t.co/wymk3jK9uy |language=en |access-date=July 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710151832/https://twitter.com/DisneySchedules/status/1413544609523904518 |archive-date=July 10, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |author=Disney TV Animation News |user=DisneyTVANews |number=1413551575893610498 |date=July 9, 2021 |title=We're three caballeros, three gay caballeros, they say we are birds of a feather 🎶 3 years after {{sic|i|t's|nolink=y}} debut on streaming lands #LegendOfTheThreeCaballeros will make its TV debut on Disney XD 8/7 at 7:30AM on @DisneyXD https://t.co/suP6gbDXOr |language=en |access-date=July 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709173232/https://twitter.com/DisneyTVANews/status/1413551575893610498 |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Ghostforce]]'' || October 4, 2021 || October 7, 2022 || [[TFOU]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kidscreen.com/2021/10/04/disney-gets-ghoulish-with-new-content/|title = Disney gets ghoulish with new content}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst QuadDrive]]'' || December 4, 2021 || November 26, 2022 || [[YouTube]] ([[CoroCoro Comic|CoroCoro]] & [[Tomy|Takara Tomy]]) || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[PJ Masks]]'' || rowspan="2" | January 3, 2022 || February 24, 2022 || [[Disney Channel]] & [[Disney Junior]]<br />[[France 5]] & [[TF1]] || {{refn|group=note|Only 25 of 26 episodes from each of the first three seasons premiered on the network.}}{{refn|group=note|Reruns continued to air on Disney XD until March 22, 2022.}} |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gigantosaurus]]'' || February 4, 2022 || [[Disney Channel]] & [[Disney Junior]]<br />[[France 5]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens]]'' ||June 6, 2022 || rowspan="2 " | December 2, 2023 || rowspan="2" | TV Tokyo || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2022-05-19/yu-gi-oh-sevens-anime-debuts-on-disney-xd-hulu-in-u.s-in-june/.185819|title=Yu-Gi-Oh! Sevens Anime Debuts on Disney XD, Hulu in U.S. in June|date=May 19, 2022|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=May 22, 2022}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Beyblade Burst QuadStrike]]'' || April 3, 2023 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.gracenote.com/overview-affiliates.html?programSeriesId=SH04672184&aid=gapzap|title=''Beyblade Burst QuadStrike'' Upcoming Airings|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|access-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mateo|first=Alex|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-03-21/beyblade-burst-quadstrike-anime-premieres-on-disney-xd-on-april-3-hulu-on-may-8/.196224|title=Beyblade Burst QuadStrike Anime Premieres on Disney XD on April 3, Hulu on May 8|website=Anime News Network|date=March 21, 2023|access-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Super Hero Squad Show]]'' || August 31, 2023 || November 19, 2023 || [[Cartoon Network]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://tvlistings.gracenote.com/overview-affiliates.html?programSeriesId=SH01175096&aid=gapzap|title=''The Super Hero Squad Show'' Upcoming Airings|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|access-date=August 24, 2023}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Bakugan (TV series)|Bakugan]]'' || September 23, 2023 || March 30, 2024 || [[Netflix]] || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-07-31/new-bakugan-anime-launches-on-netflix-on-september-1-on-disney-xd-on-september-23/.200796|title=New Bakugan Anime Launches on Netflix on September 1, on Disney XD on September 23|date=July 31, 2023|website=Anime News Network|language=en|access-date=August 12, 2023}}</ref> |} ====Live-action==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Source(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[America's Funniest Home Videos: Animal Edition]]'' || September 18, 2021 || November 27, 2021 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || rowspan="3" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[BattleBots]]'' || May 23, 2016 || June 17, 2016 || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Brain Games (2011 TV series)|Brain Games]]'' || October 23, 2021 || January 22, 2022 || [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Doctor Who]]'' || June 13, 2015 || September 19, 2015 || [[BBC One]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/15/bbcs-doctor-who-seasons-2-4-starring-david-tennant-to-launch-on-disney-xd-on-saturday-may-9/389834/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418162325/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/04/15/bbcs-doctor-who-seasons-2-4-starring-david-tennant-to-launch-on-disney-xd-on-saturday-may-9/389834/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2015|title=BBC's 'Doctor Who' Seasons 2-4 Starring David Tennant to Launch on Disney XD on Saturday, May 9|last=Baron|first=Steve|work=TV by the Numbers|date=April 15, 2015}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fort Boyard: Ultimate Challenge]]'' || October 17, 2011 || March 23, 2012 || [[CITV]] || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2011/09/28/disney-xd-to-premiere-fort-boyard-ultimate-challenge-a-reality-adventure-series-on-monday-october-17-715014/20110928disneyxd01/|title=Disney XD to Premiere "Fort Boyard - Ultimate Challenge," A Reality Adventure Series on Monday, October 17|date=September 28, 2011|work=The Futon Critic}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Gaming Show (In My Parents' Garage)]]'' || September 9, 2015 || September 30, 2015 || [[Family Chrgd]] ||<ref name=ks>{{cite news|title=Disney XD snaps up two DHX shows|url=http://kidscreen.com/2015/09/08/disney-xd-snaps-up-two-dhx-shows/|last=Dickson|first=Jeremy|work=Kidscreen|date=September 8, 2015|access-date=8 September 2015}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Howie Mandel]]'s Animals Doing Things'' || February 12, 2022 || August 27, 2022 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Japanizi: Going, Going, Gong!]]'' || November 18, 2013 || November 29, 2013 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name=pranks>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2013/10/01/disney-xd-pranksgiving|title=Disney XD and the NBA team up for second annual 'Pranksgiving' -- EXCLUSIVE|last=Busis|first=Hillary|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=October 1, 2013|access-date=December 18, 2025|archive-date=April 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403214254/https://ew.com/article/2013/10/01/disney-xd-pranksgiving/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Just Kidding (TV series)|Just Kidding]]'' || November 19, 2012 || November 30, 2014 || [[Teletoon]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Mr. Young]]'' || September 26, 2011 || May 12, 2013 || [[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || <ref>{{cite news|last1=Dickson|first1=Jeremy|title=Disney XD picks up new season of Mr. Young|url=http://kidscreen.com/2012/04/10/disney-xd-picks-up-new-season-of-mr-young/|access-date=21 September 2015|work=Kidscreen|publisher=Brunico Communications Ltd.|date=April 10, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Out There with Jack Randall'' || April 2, 2022 || April 30, 2022 || [[Nat Geo Wild]] || rowspan="2" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Weird but True!]]'' || colspan="2" | July 23, 2022 || [[National Geographic Kids]]<br />[[Disney+]] |- |} ===Syndicated=== ====Animated==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Avengers: United They Stand]]'' || February 13, 2009 || August 29, 2010 |rowspan=2| [[FOX Kids]] || rowspan="2" | <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Batman: The Animated Series]]'' || February 15, 2009 || September 27, 2010 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[A.T.O.M. (TV series)|A.T.O.M.: Alpha Teens on Machines]]'' || February 13, 2009 || June 13, 2009 || [[Jetix]] || rowspan="4" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Chaotic (TV series)|Chaotic]]'' || February 18, 2009 || September 1, 2010 || [[4Kids TV]]<br />[[The CW4Kids]]<br />[[Cartoon Network]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (TV series)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' || May 19, 2022 || March 22, 2026 || [[Disney Channel]]<br />[[The Disney Afternoon]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Digimon Data Squad]]'' || February 13, 2009 || June 13, 2009 || [[Fuji TV]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)|Fantastic Four]]'' || February 15, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || [[The Marvel Action Hour]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] || <ref name=zap2it/> |- | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" scope="row" | ''[[Fillmore!]]'' || March 17, 2009 || August 16, 2009 || rowspan="2" | Toon Disney<br />[[ABC Kids (United States)|ABC Kids]] || rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.disneyabcpress.com/disneyxd/calendar/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180420153444/https://www.disneyabcpress.com/disneyxd/calendar/|archive-date = April 20, 2018|title = Calendar &#124; Disney XD Press}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |April 19, 2018 |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Gargoyles (TV series)|Gargoyles]]''|| rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || October 15, 2012 || [[The Disney Afternoon]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]]<br />[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]|| rowspan="3" |<ref name="zap2it">{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109080216/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=January 9, 2012}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[The Incredible Hulk (1996 TV series)|The Incredible Hulk]]''|| rowspan="2" | March 12, 2012 || [[UPN]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Iron Man (TV series)|Iron Man]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 15, 2009 || [[The Marvel Action Hour]] [[Broadcast syndication|syndication]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Jackie Chan Adventures]]''|| September 27, 2010 ||[[The WB]]|| rowspan="2" | |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Legend of the Dragon (TV series)|Legend of the Dragon]]'' || colspan="2"| February 19, 2009 || [[BKN]] syndication |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[The Legend of Tarzan (TV series)|The Legend of Tarzan]]''|| rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || May 14, 2012 ||[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<br />[[UPN]]||<ref name="zap2it" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Ōban Star-Racers]]''|| June 13, 2009 || [[Jetix]] || rowspan="2" |<ref name="zap2it4" /> |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]''|| February 15, 2009 || June 15, 2009 || [[The WB]] |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" | ''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]''|| April 14, 2009 || October 27, 2011 ||[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]<br />[[UPN]]|| |- | style="text-align:left;" scope="row" |''[[Silver Surfer (TV series)|Silver Surfer]]''|| February 17, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || FOX Kids ||<ref name="zap2it" /> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Sonic Underground]]'' || June 11, 2012 || December 14, 2012 || [[BKN]] syndication || <ref name=aug2012>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd-pacific|title=Disney XD Pacific TV Schedule|work=Locate TV|date=August 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816091022/http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd-pacific|archive-date=August 16, 2012}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Monster Buster Club]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || December 28, 2010 |rowspan=3| [[Jetix]] || rowspan="4" | |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Get Ed]]'' || June 13, 2009 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pucca (TV series)|Pucca]]'' || February 17, 2009 || December 27, 2009 |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!]]'' || rowspan="2" | February 13, 2009 || June 14, 2009 || [[Freeform (TV channel)|ABC Family]]<br />[[Jetix]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man (1994 TV series)|Spider-Man]]'' || rowspan="3" | January 2, 2012 || FOX Kids || rowspan="3" | <ref name="zap2it3">{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108200235/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=January 8, 2011}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends]]'' || February 26, 2009 ||[[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]] |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Spider-Man Unlimited]]'' || February 15, 2009 || FOX Kids |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Static Shock]]'' || February 14, 2009 || September 27, 2010 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Storm Hawks]]'' || February 28, 2011 || March 17, 2011 || Cartoon Network<br />[[YTV (Canadian TV channel)|YTV]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Superman: The Animated Series]]'' || February 15, 2009 || September 27, 2010 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it4/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[X-Men: The Animated Series|X-Men]]'' || February 13, 2009 || March 12, 2012 || FOX Kids || <ref name=zap2it/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[X-Men: Evolution]]'' || June 15, 2009 || December 30, 2011 || The WB || <ref name=zap2it2>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109203752/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=31|archive-date=November 9, 2011}}</ref> |- |} ====Live-action==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! scope="col" | Finale date !! scope="col" | Original network !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air]]'' || September 18, 2009 || August 14, 2010 || [[NBC]] || |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[My Babysitter's a Vampire (TV series)|My Babysitter's a Vampire]]'' || November 7, 2011 || December 7, 2012 || [[Teletoon]] || <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=34&aid=zap2it|title=Disney XD TV Listings|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018010842/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=34&aid=zap2it|archive-date=October 18, 2012}}</ref> |} ====Movies==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Naruto Shippuden the Movie]]'' || May 15, 2011 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-05-04/disney-xd-to-run-naruto/shippuden-the-movie-on-may-15|title=Disney XD to Run Naruto: Shippuden the Movie on May 15|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=May 4, 2011}}</ref> |- |} ===Programming from Disney Channel=== {{see also|Disney Channel}} ====Animated series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Cars Toons]]'' |rowspan=3|February 13, 2009 |August 31, 2012 | |- |''[[Brandy & Mr. Whiskers]]'' |February 10, 2019 | |- |''[[Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers (TV series)|Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Rangers]]'' |May 20, 2022 | |- |''[[The Emperor's New School]]''² |rowspan=4|February 27, 2009 |December 10, 2025 | |- |''[[The Proud Family]]'' |June 4, 2019 | |- |''[[Dave the Barbarian]]'' |July 29, 2018 | |- |''[[The Replacements (TV series)|The Replacements]]''² |December 25, 2009 | |- |''[[Recess (TV series)|Recess]]'' |April 14, 2009 |July 29, 2018 | |- |''[[Mickey Mouse (TV series)|Mickey Mouse]]'' |November 29, 2013 |November 18, 2025 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvschedulearchive.com/disney-xd/2013/112513.txt|title=None}}</ref> |- |''[[Tangled: The Series]]'' |July 7, 2024 |May 24, 2026 | |- |''[[Hotel Transylvania: The Series]]'' |September 30, 2019 |October 25, 2024 | |} ====Live-action series==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Famous Jett Jackson]]'' |rowspan=2|February 14, 2009 |May 1, 2009 | |- |''[[Even Stevens]]''² |January 15, 2010 | rowspan="2" |<ref name=zap2it4>{{cite web|url=http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=88&channelCnt=88|title=Disney XD TV Schedule|work=Zap2it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226122154/http://tvlistings.zap2it.com/tvlistings/ZCSGrid.do?stnNum=18279&channel=88&channelCnt=88|archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref> |- |''[[Phil of the Future]]''² |February 15, 2009 |December 11, 2009 |- |''[[Cory in the House]]'' |May 19, 2009 |April 26, 2011 | rowspan="2" | |- |''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]''² |February 13, 2009 |July 11, 2014 |- |''[[The Suite Life on Deck]]'' |April 24, 2009 |May 6, 2014 |<ref name=zap2it/> |- |''[[So Random!]]'' |August 21, 2012 |June 30, 2013 |<ref name=zap2it4/> |- |''[[Code: 9]]'' |November 19, 2012 |November 17, 2016 | |- |''[[Wizards of Waverly Place]]'' |February 13, 2012 |rowspan=2|June 30, 2014 |<ref name=june2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd|title=Disney XD Schedule|date=June 20, 2013|work=Locate TV|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620112101/http://www.locatetv.com/listings/disney-xd|archive-date=June 20, 2013}}</ref> |- |''[[Jessie (2011 TV series)|Jessie]]'' |June 28, 2013 | rowspan="3" | |- |''[[PrankStars]]'' |November 15, 2016 |November 24, 2016 |- |''[[Secrets of Sulphur Springs]]'' |May 7, 2022 |June 4, 2022 |} ===Programming from Disney Junior=== {{see also|Disney Junior}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[Spidey and His Amazing Friends]]'' |January 3, 2022 |March 31, 2024 | rowspan="2" | |- |''[[Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures]]'' |May 4, 2023 |June 1, 2025 |} ===Programming from Disney+=== {{see also|List of Disney+ original programming}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Title !Premiere date !End date !Source(s) |- |''[[The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder]]'' |January 8, 2023 |February 5, 2023 | rowspan="5" | |- |''[[Chip 'n' Dale: Park Life]]'' |January 14, 2023 |March 26, 2023 |- |''[[Win or Lose (miniseries)|Win or Lose]]'' |July 7, 2025 |September 28, 2025 |- |''[[Dream Productions]]'' |August 30, 2025 |September 20, 2025 |- |''[[Iwájú]]'' |February 6, 2026 |February 20, 2026 |} ==Original films== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" | Title !! scope="col" | Premiere date !! class="unsortable" | Note(s) |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Skyrunners]]'' || November 27, 2009 || <ref name=nov27/> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''[[Pants on Fire (film)|Pants on Fire]]'' || November 9, 2014 || <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thewrap.com/disney-xd-movie-pants-on-fire-set-for-november-premiere/|title=Disney XD Movie 'Pants on Fire' Set for November Premiere|last=Nededog|first=Jethro|work=The Wrap|date=October 9, 2014}}</ref> |- | scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | ''Mark & Russell's Wild Ride'' || November 23, 2015 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://kidscreen.com/2015/10/29/disney-xd-sets-mark-russells-wild-ride-for-november-premiere/|title=Disney XD sets Mark & Russell's Wild Ride for November premiere|last=Getzler|first=Wendy Goldman|work=Kidscreen|date=October 29, 2015}}</ref> |- |} ==Programming blocks== ===Former=== * ''Disney XD's Saturday Morning'' (2009–13) * ''Disney XD's My Life'' (2010) * ''Saturday Mornings Disney XD Style'' (2010) * ''Phineas and Ferb's Summer Vacation'' (2010) * ''Marvel Universe'' (2012–19) * ''Nonstop Summer'' (2012–13) * ''Disney Fandom'' (2013) * ''Randomation Animation'' (2013–14) * ''Show Me the Monday'' (2013–14) * ''Show Me the Shark'' (2014) * ''Animacation'' (2014) * ''Anime Block'' (2017–20) * ''D|XP'' (2017) ==Related pages== *[[ABC Kids (TV programming block)|ABC Kids]] * [[List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel]] * [[List of programs broadcast by Fox Kids]], whose library was merged into the Toon Disney schedule in 2002 * [[List of programs broadcast by Jetix (block)|List of programs broadcast by Jetix]], Toon Disney's evening block from 2004 until 2009 * [[List of programs broadcast by Toon Disney]], its branding from 1998 until 2009 ==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Programs}} [[Category:Disney XD shows| ]] [[Category:Lists of television series by network|Disney XD]] [[Category:Disney-related lists]] evk4bjth7focw3o9svbroomfq0j6xxs 0 894086 10882846 10863893 2026-06-10T02:02:42Z 17NOMAD 1819426 /* */ 10882846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malia Ann Obama''' (born July 4, 1998) is the elder daughter of the [[List of presidents of the United States|44th]] [[president of the United States]] [[Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama]]. {{Infobox officeholder | name = Malia Obama | birth_name = Malia Ann Obama | office = [[First Family of the United States|First Daughter of the United States]] | president = [[Barack Obama]] | term_label = In role | term_start = January 20, 2009 | term_end = January 20, 2017 | predecessor = [[Barbara Bush (born 1981)|Barbara Bush]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|07|04}} | birth_place = [[Hyde Park, Chicago]], U.S. | nationality = [[Americans|American]] | years_active = 2008–present | parents = {{plainlist| * [[Barack Obama]] (father) * [[Michelle Obama]] (mother) }} | relatives = [[Sasha Obama]] (sister) | family = [[Famiyl of Barack Obama|Obama family]] }} == Early life == Malia Ann Obama was born at [[University of Chicago Medical Center]] on July 4, 1998,<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Neill|first=Xana|date=June 10, 2009|title=Birthday Girl Sasha Obama Celebrates in London|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/local/natl-birthday-girl-malia/1850588/|access-date=February 8, 2024|website=NBC4 Washington|language=en-US}}</ref> as the elder of two daughters to [[Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama]]. She was delivered by her parents' friend and physician Anita Blanchard.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kantor|first=Jodi|date=December 13, 2008|title=Obama's Friends Form Strategy to Stay Close|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/14/us/politics/14friends.html|access-date=February 8, 2024|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Her younger sister is [[Sasha Obama]]. Obama and her sister were named two of "The Most Influential Teens of 2014" by ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Time|date=October 14, 2014|title=The 25 Most Influential Teens of 2014|url=https://time.com/3486048/most-influential-teens-2014/|access-date=February 8, 2024|website=TIME|language=en|archive-date=May 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513191003/http://time.com/3486048/most-influential-teens-2014/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Career == Obama made her television debut in a 2008 episode of ''[[Access Hollywood]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hiro|first=Anne|date=January 23, 2009|title=Obama regrets letting "Access Hollywood" interview daughters. Won't do it again. MSNBC's Dan Abrams gets the story behind the story.|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2008/07/obama_regrets_letting_access_h.html|access-date=February 8, 2024|website=Chicago Sun-Times|archive-date=March 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325112709/http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2008/07/obama_regrets_letting_access_h.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Obama, Malia}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Living people]] e212rcdcklwwww74xxvlo6lyo1vjlq5 10882847 10882846 2026-06-10T02:04:08Z 17NOMAD 1819426 /* */ 10882847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malia Ann Obama''' (born July 4, 1998) is the elder daughter of the [[List of presidents of the United States|44th]] [[president of the United States]] [[Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama]]. {{Infobox officeholder | name = Malia Obama | birth_name = Malia Ann Obama | office = [[First Family of the United States|First Daughter of the United States]] | president = [[Barack Obama]] | term_label = In role | term_start = January 20, 2009 | term_end = January 20, 2017 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|07|04}} | birth_place = [[Hyde Park, Chicago]], U.S. | nationality = [[Americans|American]] | years_active = 2008–present | parents = {{plainlist| * [[Barack Obama]] (father) * [[Michelle Obama]] (mother) }} | relatives = [[Sasha Obama]] (sister) | family = [[Famiyl of Barack Obama|Obama family]] }} == Early life == Malia Ann Obama was born at [[University of Chicago Medical Center]] on July 4, 1998,<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Neill|first=Xana|date=June 10, 2009|title=Birthday Girl Sasha Obama Celebrates in London|url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/local/natl-birthday-girl-malia/1850588/|access-date=February 8, 2024|website=NBC4 Washington|language=en-US}}</ref> as the elder of two daughters to [[Barack Obama]] and [[Michelle Obama]]. She was delivered by her parents' friend and physician Anita Blanchard.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kantor|first=Jodi|date=December 13, 2008|title=Obama's Friends Form Strategy to Stay Close|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/14/us/politics/14friends.html|access-date=February 8, 2024|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Her younger sister is [[Sasha Obama]]. Obama and her sister were named two of "The Most Influential Teens of 2014" by ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Time|date=October 14, 2014|title=The 25 Most Influential Teens of 2014|url=https://time.com/3486048/most-influential-teens-2014/|access-date=February 8, 2024|website=TIME|language=en|archive-date=May 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513191003/http://time.com/3486048/most-influential-teens-2014/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Career == Obama made her television debut in a 2008 episode of ''[[Access Hollywood]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hiro|first=Anne|date=January 23, 2009|title=Obama regrets letting "Access Hollywood" interview daughters. Won't do it again. MSNBC's Dan Abrams gets the story behind the story.|url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2008/07/obama_regrets_letting_access_h.html|access-date=February 8, 2024|website=Chicago Sun-Times|archive-date=March 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325112709/http://blogs.suntimes.com/sweet/2008/07/obama_regrets_letting_access_h.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Obama, Malia}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Living people]] fb6hcjm9aaksx3gp7cz6efhan4fpn4p 10 899064 10882973 10802368 2026-06-10T06:53:38Z Grufo 990800 The syntax of {{[[Template:Wrapper|Wrapper]]}} has changed 10882973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Wrapper|Station link | except = 1 -> MUNI // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} == Usage == This template hard-codes the first parameter of {{tl|Station link}} as "MUNI", invoking [[Module:Adjacent stations/MUNI]]. The following additional parameters are mapped: * {{para|1}} to {{para|2}} * {{para|2}} to {{para|3}} * {{para|3}} to {{para|4}} Named parameters are not supported. == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Pages using Munis with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>[[Category:Transport templates]]</includeonly> f9quv1x62ku7i718xo2bh7t1a50b9du 0 899073 10882990 10715138 2026-06-10T07:34:01Z Ratoketa 1788979 10882990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Update|date=July 2023}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of al-Hasakah | place = [[Al-Hasakah]], [[Syria]] | coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=inline,title}} | partof = the [[Syrian civil war]] | image = Al-Hasakah MS 21 Jan 2022.png | image_size = 300px | caption = Military situation following the attack on the prison (21 January 2022) | combatant1 = {{flagicon image|De facto SA-NES Flag.svg}} '''[[Rojava]]''' * {{flagicon image|}} [[Asayish (Rojava regions)|Asayish]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Democratic Forces|SDF]] *{{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=}} [[People's Protection Units|YPG]] {{flagicon image|Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg|size=25px|border=no}} '''[[Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve|CJTF-OIR]]''' * {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]] | combatant2 = {{flag|Islamic State}} | commander1 = Unknown | status = * Several Islamic State detainees escape * Islamic State occupies prison and nearby areas * SDF forces arrest 136 escaped prisoners | territory = | date = 20 January 2022 – 26 January 2022 | commander2 = Unknown | strength1 = Unknown<br/>Coalition air forces<ref name=SOHR2>{{cite web |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/235500/ |title=Nearby Ghuwayran prison : International Coalition aircraft target ISIS prisoners and cells' hideouts |work=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref> * at least one [[Boeing AH-64 Apache|Apache attack helicopter]] | strength2 = 100+ {{small|(at the start of the attack)}}<br/> 150-200 {{small|(SDF estimate, 23 January)}} 800 escaped {{small|(according to IS)}} 500-600 {{small|(according to SOHR)}} | casualties1 = '''Per SOHR:'''<br/> {{flagicon image|De facto SA-NES Flag.svg}} 45 killed,<ref>{{cite news |title=Death toll update Seven civilians among over 100 deaths in Ghuwayran prison and nearby neighbourhoods in 48 hours |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/235871/ |access-date=22 January 2022 |agency=SOHR |date=22 January 222}}</ref><br> 50 hostages taken<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/236010/ |title=Amid strict siege on Ghuwayran prison ISIS members threaten to execute hostages |work=SOHR |date=23 January 2022}}</ref><br/> ---- '''Per IS:''' {{flagicon image|De facto SA-NES Flag.svg}} 200 killed, 25 vehicles burned<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Statements/is-says-200-sdf-personnel-killed-over-800-prisoners-freed-in-major-offensive-in-hasakah.html |title=IS Says 200+ SDF Personnel Killed, Over 800 Prisoners Freed in Major Offensive in Hasakah |work=SITE Intelligence Group |date=22 January 2022}}</ref><br /> 23 hostages taken<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Multimedia/amaq-video-shows-sdf-captives-in-is-grip-fighter-urges-local-muslims-shelter-prison-escapees.html |title='Amaq Video Shows SDF Captives in IS Grip, Fighter Urges Local Muslims Shelter Prison Escapees |work=SITE Intelligence Group |date=22 January 2022}}</ref> | casualties2 = '''Per SOHR:'''<br/> {{flagdeco|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|size=23px}} 84 killed<br/>136 escapee prisoners re-arrested | casualties3 = 7 civilians killed<br/>4000 civilians displaced<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irfaasawtak.com/syria/2022/01/22/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86-%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF |title=After the Ghweran prison operation, the fighting continues between ISIS and SDF |work=irfaasawtak.com |access-date=2022-01-24 |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124104921/https://www.irfaasawtak.com/syria/2022/01/22/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%86-%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF |url-status=dead }}</ref> | campaignbox = }} The '''Battle of al-Hasakah''', also known as the '''Al-Hasakah riot'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/235421/ |title=Amid new riot by ISIS prisoners : International Coalition jets fly over "Ghuwayran " prison}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/235607/ |title=Recent development : SDF military forces open fire on Ghuwayran prison's gate, attempting to put an end to ISIS prisoners' riot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npasyria.com/en/71074/ |title=North Press correspondent wounded in ISIS riot in Syria's Hasakah |date=January 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://california18.com/us-calls-for-improved-security-in-syrian-prisons-after-is-mutiny/2860622022/ |title=US calls for improved security in Syrian prisons after IS mutiny |date=January 23, 2022 |access-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125013702/https://california18.com/us-calls-for-improved-security-in-syrian-prisons-after-is-mutiny/2860622022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/25-killed-tries-break-out-detainees-sdf-jail |title=Up to 25 killed as IS attempts to break out detainees from Syria jail |first=William Christou |last=Lebanon |date=January 21, 2022 |website=alaraby english}}</ref> was an attack by forces of the [[Islamic State]] and [[prison]] [[riot]]. The Islamic State launched an armed assault on the prison in an attempt to free their group's imprisoned fighters from '''al-Sina'a prison''' in the Ghuwayran area of [[al-Hasakah]] city. This city is under the control of the [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] [[Rojava|Administration]] of northeastern Syria.<ref name=SOHR1>{{cite web |date=21 January 2022 |url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/235498/ |title=Ghuwayran, largest prison of ISIS members : Death toll rises to more than 40 and dozens of prisoners flee |work=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights}}</ref><ref name=VICE1>{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/qjb3y7/isis-fighters-freed-after-syrian-prison-attacked |title=ISIS Fighters Freed After Syrian Prison Attacked |work=VICE World News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/heavy-fighting-continues-3rd-day-195543840.html |title=Heavy fighting continues for 3rd day to stop ISIS prison break attempt in Syria |website=news.yahoo.com}}</ref> [[Battle]]s previously occurred in al-Hasakah city [[Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)|in 2015]] [[Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)|and 2016]] between [[Islamic State]] forces against Syrian government forces and Kurdish forces. ==References== {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{history-stub}} [[Category:2022 disasters in Asia]] [[Category:2020s explosions in Asia]] [[Category:2020s murders in Asia]] [[Category:Disasters in Syria]] <!--[[Category:Al-Hasakah Governorate]]--> [[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2022]] [[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Asia]] <!--[[Category:Attacks on prisons]]--> [[Category:Car and truck bombings in the 2020s|Al-Hasakah]] [[Category:Car and truck bombings in Asia]] <!--[[Category:Crime in Syria]] [[Category:Explosions in 2022]] [[Category:Explosions in Syria]]--> [[Category:Islamic State]] [[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2020s]] [[Category:January 2022 events]] [[Category:Mass murder in 2022]] [[Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2022]] [[Category:Conflicts in 2022]] [[Category:2022 in Syria]] [[Category:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria]] 4i2h2fsoekqsvk91yv0p84acljgv9rz 0 899534 10883015 10869773 2026-06-10T09:25:08Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Orientalism''' by [[Edward Said]] is a [[Discourse analysis|discourse]] in which the [[Occident]] holds power over the [[Orient]]. It is through this power that the Occident can structure it how it wants to.<ref name=":9" /> It is an idea that the [[Eastern world]] and the [[Western world]] have opposite ways of thinking in terms of [[being]] and [[knowledge]]. This is often shown in the superiority of the West and the inferiority of the East.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|pages=2}}</ref> [[Edward Said]] first used the word this way in his 1978 book ''“[[Orientalism (book)|Orientalism]]”''. Before the term Orientalism was used like this by Said, it had a different meaning. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the term Orientalism was used to describe the effects of the Orient's influence on art, literature, and architecture fields. It basically referred to an academic study of the East by the West. This included the academic study done by [[Philology|philologists]] who were focused on the Oriental languages and the understanding of ancient Oriental texts. This knowledge was thought to be enough to understand Oriental [[civilization]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bernard|title=The question of Orientalism|journal=The New Yorker Review of Books}}</ref> There was no interest to the everyday life of these Oriental communities and their customs and traditions. Oriental art shows different elements which are seen as typical for this art direction. Furthermore, oriental art represents how Western people imagined the Orient. Additionally, there are several movies which included Orientalism, such as [[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]. == Orientalism in art == [[File:Bellini, Gentile - Sultan Mehmet II.jpg|thumb|Painting of Mehmed II. by Gentile Bellini]] === Development of Oriental Art === The rise of Oriental art started in Venice in Italy. The city and the [[Ottoman Empire]] were at war from 1463 till 1479. Because of this, Venice needed to give money to the Ottoman Empire to keep sea trade. Also, in 1479, the venetian government sent [[Gentile Bellini]] to work for the sultan. Then Bellini started to work with the experiences and impressions he gained in the Ottoman Empire, he processed those in his paintings, when he was back in Venice in 1481. The interaction between Sultan [[Mehmed II]] and Bellini was the first historical meeting to express Orientalist art.<ref name=":1" /> The second meeting was between France and the Ottoman Empire. Because of the “[[Franco-Ottoman Alliance]]” in 1536, many impressions and ideas emerged either of Europe or the [[Middle East]]. Because of this interaction between the two different continents, international goods became popular. As a result, the French painting style, Turquerie was created. The third meeting is seen as the peak of oriental art. Because of [[Napoleon]], France had power over [[Egypt]] from 1798 till 1801. At this time, Egyptian products became popular in France.<ref name=":1" /> In 1893, the institution called the Society of French Oriental Artists emerged. This institution supported the idea of oriental art. They also supported going to the Middle East to gain experience and impressions to use in their paintings. Lastly, oriental art started to get disliked in the 19th century. This was because the art was now often connected to [[discrimination]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=artfilemagazine|date=2022-08-25|title=Orientalism Art - A Detailed Look at Orientalism Art History|url=https://artfilemagazine.com/orientalism-art/|access-date=2023-05-10|website=Artfilemagazine – Your Online Art Source|language=en-US}}</ref> === Elements of Oriental Art === In general, this art style presents how western artists imagined the Orient to be. For example, how everyday life could look like in this region. Either they had visited the region, or they painted what the region could look like. Firstly, Oriental painters use mostly warm colours, such as yellow, orange or red.<ref name=":0" /> Another feature of these paintings is the use of shadows and light. Secondly, typical elements are nude women, [[harem]]s,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ali|first=Isra|date=March 2015|title=The harem fantasy in the nineteenth-century Orientalist paintings|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43895901|journal=Dialectical Anthropology|volume=39|issue=1 |pages=39|doi=10.1007/s10624-015-9372-7 |jstor=43895901 |s2cid=254414427 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> or [[mosque]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The nineteenth-century Orientalist painting|last=Tromans|first=Nicholas|publisher=Groningen University|pages=159}}</ref> Thirdly, oriental art can be seen in form of photography and so-called genre paintings. These presented everyday activities.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Meagher|first=Authors: Jennifer|title=Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art {{!}} Essay {{!}} The Metropolitan Museum of Art {{!}} Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm|access-date=2023-05-10|website=The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|language=en}}</ref> Lastly, the paintings were mostly made by people from western countries. For example, countries like France or Great Britain. Those states were controlling regions of the Middle East. By creating these paintings, these countries tried to promote themselves in the region.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Artworks by style: Orientalism - WikiArt.org|url=https://www.wikiart.org/en/paintings-by-style/orientalism|access-date=2023-05-10|website=www.wikiart.org}}</ref> Furthermore, they presented the Orient as bad and disrespectful. An example of today is [[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]]. This movie shows how the producers of the movie expected the Orient to be and how the people in the region could look like.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bullock|first1=Katherine|last2=Zhou|first2=Steven|title=Entertainment or blackface? Decoding Orientalism in a post-9/11 era: Audience views on Aladdin|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/10714413.2017.1344512?needAccess=true&role=button|journal=The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies|date=2017 |volume=39|issue=5 |pages=455–456|doi=10.1080/10714413.2017.1344512 |s2cid=149335367 |via=Routledge}}</ref> == Scholarly Orientalism == === Philology and Orientalism === From the 19th century, the term Orientalism was used to mean an academic field. Here people had with a special job to study Oriental languages and sacred ancient texts. In the late 18th century and early 19th century, studies about [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Hieroglyph|Egyptian hieroglyphs]] became very popular. Many [[institution]]s were founded during this time to help support these studies.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Orientalism in crisis|last=Abdel-Malek|pages=104–105}}</ref> [[Philology]] was considered to be the only necessary thing to understand Oriental civilizations.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism|last=Zachary|pages=67–68}}</ref> Orient was a big and not precise term. However, it was clear that the Orientalists studied mostly the Middle East rather than India and China.<ref name=":2" /> Over the time the Oriental studies were divided into more specific group such as “Near Eastern” and “East Asian” departments. Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century the term “Middle East” was invented by the US army.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Captain Mahan, General Gordon, and the origins of the term Middle East|last=Koppes|pages=95–98}}</ref> == Edward Said == === Important terms === '''[[Orient|The Orient]]''': An area including most of present-day [[North Africa]] and [[Middle East]]ern countries. '''[[Occident|The Occident]]''': Western countries that had [[Colonialism|colonized]] the Orient. This in particular includes [[France]], [[Great Britain]] and later the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique|url=https://archive.org/details/pedagogyofothere0000burn|last=Burney|first=Shehla|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2012|pages=[https://archive.org/details/pedagogyofothere0000burn/page/24 24]|chapter=Orientalism: The Making of the Other}}</ref> '''[[Colonialism]]''': When countries take control of weaker countries. '''[[Discourse analysis|Discourse]]''': Discourse is a system of [[society]]. It produces [[knowledge]] and meaning. This production then creates processes that shape the things they talk about.<ref>Foucault, Michel (1972). ''The Archaeology of Knowledge''. Translation of L'archeologie du savoir (1st American ed ed.). New York, NY: Pantheon Books. pp. 135–40, 49.</ref> [[Hegemony|'''Cultural Hegemony''':]] Cultural Hegemony by [[Antonio Gramsci]], is a form of social control by the upper class over the lower classes. Here, ideas and opinions are enforced by them, so that the lower classes accept only the upper class’ opinions and not their own.<ref>Mastroianni, Dominic (2002). "Hegemony in Gramsci". ''Scholar Blogs Emory''. Retrieved 05 May 2023.</ref> '''[[Postcolonialism|Postcolonial]]''': A term which covers all affected by colonialism.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory|last1=Mishra|first1=Vijay|last2=Hodge|first2=Bob|publisher=Harvester Wheatsheaf|year=1994|editor-last=Williams|editor-first=Patrick|pages=285|chapter=What Is Post-Colonialism|editor-last2=Chrisman|editor-first2=Laura}}</ref> === The Book Orientalism (1978)=== '''Summary:''' The book Orientalism by [[Edward Said]] was published in 1978. In this book Said establishes his concept of Orientalism and gives a new definition for the term. Before his book, Orientalism was a word used in [[academia]] to refer to the study of the region formerly labelled ‘[[Orient|the Orient]]’. The focus here was its [[culture]] and languages.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Teo|first=Hsu-Ming|date=2013|title=Orientalism: An Overview|journal=Australian Humanities Review|volume=54|issue=May|pages=2}}</ref> The word also described all things that were created in this study about the Orient by the [[Occident]]. For example: books, articles, and art.<ref>Burney, Shehla (2012). "Orientalism: The Making of the Other". ''Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique''. Peter Lang. p. 23.</ref> In the first chapter, ‘The Scope of Orientalism’, Said gives a history of ‘Orientalism’ as an academic discipline.<ref>Burney, Shehla (2012). "Orientalism: The Making of the Other". ''Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique''. Peter Lang. p. 25.</ref> In the second chapter, ‘Orientalist Structures and Restructures’, Said shows the strong contrast that is created between the representations of Orient and the Occident. These representations come out of the academic study of Orientalism. He does this by analyzing texts by [[Silvestre de Sacy]], and [[Ernest Renan]].<ref name=":4">Burney, Shehla (2012). "Orientalism: The Making of the Other". ''Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique''. Peter Lang. p. 26.</ref> In the works that the Occident made about the Orient, the western countries were always shown as better. In contrast, the Orient was described as undeveloped and secondary. The last chapter of the book is called ‘Orientalism Now’. Said uses his theory of Orientalism to explain 19th and 20th French and British colonialism. Said explains that this can also explain [[Foreign policy of the United States|American foreign policy]] in the Middle East.<ref name=":4" /> He says ‘area specialists’ are taking the role of the [[Philology|philologists]] of earlier centuries. In Said's view, such ‘experts’ help reinforce the system of Orientalism in present day. This maintains the Western discourse of Orientalism into the 1980s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Harris|first=Elif|date=2021-06-13|title=Edward Said's Orientalism: Definition, Summary & Analysis|url=https://elifnotes.com/edward-said-orientalism-definition-summary-analysis-quotes/|access-date=2023-05-05|website=ElifNotes|language=en-us|archive-date=2023-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505101514/https://elifnotes.com/edward-said-orientalism-definition-summary-analysis-quotes/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Said’s concept of Orientalism === The concept of Orientalism by Edward Said is made up of many different components.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=2|oclc=13158331}}</ref> Said explains three approaches for how Orientalism is can be understood. First, Orientalism is an ‘academic discipline’.<ref name=":4" /> Here, Orientalism is a [[science]], and the Orient is seen as a subject for studying.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=73|oclc=13158331}}</ref> The Occident wants to classify and label the Orient through this study. This approach is how the West understands Orientalism. In their view it is only an academic discipline.<ref name=":5" /> The second approach is Orientalism as a ‘style of thought’. This means it is a way of thinking. It is based on the contradictions and contrasts that are formed by society between the Orient and the Occident.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Lastly, Orientalism is an approach in which the West views the Orient as a political instrument. They want to use this instrument for ‘cultural and political domination'.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=3|oclc=13158331}}</ref> They also use it to justify colonialism.<ref name=":4" /> It is only when all three of these approaches join, Orientalism becomes a discourse.<ref name=":4" /> In this discourse, Orientalism becomes the way the Occident holds power over the Orient. It is through this power that the Occident can structure it how it wants to.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=3,9|oclc=13158331}}</ref> The origin of this type of Orientalism is the concept of the ‘Other’. Every culture creates an ‘Other’ to form their self-image. This comes from the definition of identity where one is what one is not. If the Orient is the undeveloped and bad ‘Other’, the Occident then is not. The Occident is then modern and good.<ref>Simons, Hazel (2002). “Orientalism and Representation of Muslim Women as ‘Sexual Objects’,” ''Al-Raida Journal'', '''1''': p. 24.</ref> The idea of the ‘Other’ sets the two against each other, causing fights.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=7|oclc=13158331}}</ref> Because of this, Said explains that the Orient was created by the West. It is not a thing, but just an idea. The idea is created in and for the Orient. Its culture is only what the West gives it.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=5|oclc=13158331}}</ref> The Occident is also man-made. This is because it only exists in relation to the Orient. They are rely on each other.<ref name=":7" /> The West ‘created’ the Orient through their relationship of power and domination. This relationship is led by hegemony.<ref name=":7" /> Hegemony stabilises Orientalism. Only then can the relationship be maintained.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=7, 12|oclc=13158331}}</ref> Said argues that this is why the Orient was and is not free.<ref name=":6" /> Also, the Occident will only ever see the Orient in a wrong way. This is because of the ‘lens of Orientalism. This lens ruins all images, studies, and representations that the Occident makes about the Orient.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said|first=Edward W.|date=1985|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-055198-0|location=Harmondsworth|pages=3, 12|oclc=13158331}}</ref> '''Impact:''' Said’s idea of Orientalism has influenced many people. It has even been called one of the most influential books.<ref>Lockman, Zachary (2010). ''Contending visions of the Middle East : the history and politics of Orientalism'' (Second edition ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 190. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-511-69108-9|978-0-511-69108-9]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 646067903</ref> Said’s definition of Orientalism has become the one most associated with the word.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reading orientalism : Said and the unsaid|url=https://archive.org/details/readingorientali0000vari|last=Varisco|first=Daniel Martin|date=2007|isbn=978-0-295-80262-6|location=Seattle|pages=10|oclc=802284293}}</ref> Because it made people look at colonialism in new ways, ‘postcolonial theory’ was born.<ref>Burney, Shehla (2012). "Orientalism: The Making of the Other". ''Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique''. Peter Lang. pp. 23, 39.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Reading orientalism : Said and the Unsaid|url=https://archive.org/details/readingorientali0000vari|last=Varisco|first=Daniel Martin|date=2007|isbn=978-0-295-80262-6|location=Seattle|pages=[https://archive.org/details/readingorientali0000vari/page/9 9]|oclc=802284293}}</ref><ref>Lockman, Zachary (2010). ''Contending visions of the Middle East : the history and politics of Orientalism'' (Second edition ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 209–212. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-511-69108-9|978-0-511-69108-9]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 646067903</ref> It has also greatly influenced other academic fields, for example [[cultural studies]], [[anthropology]], [[political science]], and [[history]].<ref name=":8" /> Another example is [[feminist studies]] (academic study of women's position in society).<ref>Abu-Lughod, Lila (21/2001). ""Orientalism" and Middle East Feminist Studies". ''Feminist Studies''. '''27''' (1): 101–113. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/3178451</ref> Orientalism is a model that made it possible for people to analyze the very complicated identity of Middle Eastern women.<ref>Abu-Lughod, Lila (21/2001). ""Orientalism" and Middle East Feminist Studies". ''Feminist Studies''. '''27''' (1): 112. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/3178451.</ref> This is also an example that Said's theory of Orientalism gave opportunities to less advantaged people.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reading orientalism : Said and the unsaid|url=https://archive.org/details/readingorientali0000vari|last=Varisco|first=Daniel Martin|date=2007|isbn=978-0-295-80262-6|location=Seattle|pages=[https://archive.org/details/readingorientali0000vari/page/14 14]–15|oclc=802284293}}</ref><ref>Abu-Lughod, Lila (21/2001). ""Orientalism" and Middle East Feminist Studies". ''Feminist Studies''. '''27''' (1): 101. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/3178451</ref> '''Criticisms:''' While Edward Said's book and definition of Orientalism attracted much support, many rejected his ideas, for several reasons. Some said that Said was not the first person to talk about Orientalism in this way. There were similar books published before his. For example, ''English speaking Orientalist'' (1965) by Syrian academic Abdul Latif Tibawi and ''The Myth of the Lazy Native'' (1977) by Malaysian [[Sociology|sociologist]] Syed Hussain Alatas.<ref>Burney, Shehla (2012). "Orientalism: The Making of the Other". ''Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique''. Peter Lang. p. 32.</ref> Others said Said's Orientalism treats the Occident unfairly. They say it creates a wrong image of the West. This type of criticism is called ‘Occidentalism’.<ref>Prakash, Gyan (1995-10). "Orientalism Now". ''History and Theory''. '''34''' (3): 199–212. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.2307/2505621.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Massad|first=Joseph|date=2015-04-01|title=Orientalism as Occidentalism|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/history-of-the-present/article/5/1/83/155282/Orientalism-as-Occidentalism|journal=History of the Present|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=83–94|doi=10.5406/historypresent.5.1.0083|issn=2159-9785}}</ref> It was said that Said was doing the same thing to the Occident as he claimed the Occident did to the Orient.<ref>Richardson, Michael (2000). “Enough Said.” In A.L. Macfie (ed.). ''Orientalism: A Reader''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 208–216.</ref> Said was also accused of being too limited in his analysis. He ignores German, Austrian, and Russian colonialism and orientalism. He also only considers a small part of the Middle East.<ref>Lewis, Bernard (2000). “The Question of Orientalism.” In ''Orientalism: A Reader.'' A.L. Macfie (ed.). 249–70. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.</ref> Said even criticises himself for only looking at 19th and 20th century academic Orientalism.<ref name=":3" /> == Orientalism now == [[File:Aladdin 2019 Logo Black.svg|thumb|Disney movie from 1992]] === Present-day example === The children Disney movie [[Aladdin (1992 movie)|Aladdin]] from 1992, shows people living in the Orient in a disrespectful way. The images and song texts of the movie are showing stereotypes. They also show the typical motifs of oriental art.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Orientalism in American Popular Culture|url=https://laurenkoning.com/f68a84572e52451ab8e747bd2cf1ee46|access-date=2023-05-11|website=Orientalism in American Popular Culture|language=en}}</ref> There are different common oriental art elements in the story of the movie. The name of the city [[Agrabah]] should just sound [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. It does not actually have any Arabic meaning. The idea of proposing a [[forced marriage]] to Jasmine is also a stereotype.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bullock|first1=Katherine|last2=Zhou|first2=Steven|date=2017|title=Entertainment and blackface? Decoding Orientalism in a post-9/11 era: Audience views on Aladdin|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/10714413.2017.1344512?needAccess=true&role=button|journal=The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies|volume=39|issue=5 |pages=455|doi=10.1080/10714413.2017.1344512 |s2cid=149335367 |via=Routledge}}</ref> The scenery of the movie is mostly in warm colours or blue.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bourenane|first=Abderrahmene|date=2020|title=Authenticity and discourses in Aladdin (1992)|url=https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=0e17cc1b-53f5-4e02-affb-8e572fe1c1bc%40redis|journal=Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research|volume=13|issue=2 |pages=243–244|doi=10.1386/jammr_00021_1 |s2cid=225288752 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> In the film you can see also camels, a desert and harems.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bourenane|first=Abderrahmene|date=2020|title=Authenticity and discourses in Aladdin (1992)|url=https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=0e17cc1b-53f5-4e02-affb-8e572fe1c1bc%40redis|journal=Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research|volume=13|issue=2 |pages=244|doi=10.1386/jammr_00021_1 |s2cid=225288752 |via=EBSCO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bullock|first1=Katherine|last2=Zhou|first2=Steven|date=2017|title=Entertainment or blackface? Decoding Orientalism in a post-9/11 era: Audience views on Aladdin|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/10714413.2017.1344512?needAccess=true&role=button|journal=The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies|volume=39|issue=5 |pages=446–469|doi=10.1080/10714413.2017.1344512 |s2cid=149335367 |via=Routledge}}</ref> The most obvious characteristics of the characters also present Orientalism. Aladdin speaks with an “American accent”. He is dressed almost topless. The female character, Jasmine, also has an American accent. She wears belly dancer clothing and owns a tiger as a pet. Both main characters are shown in a good manner. But they are both sexualised by showing them in less clothing.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bourenane|first=Abderrahmene|date=2020|title=Authenticity and discourse in Aladdin (1992)|url=https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=0e17cc1b-53f5-4e02-affb-8e572fe1c1bc%40redis|journal=Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research|volume=13|issue=2 |pages=244–245|doi=10.1386/jammr_00021_1 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> Other characters are characterised by a big, curved nose and a lot of facial hair.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bourenane|first=Abderrahmene|date=2020|title=Authenticity and discourses|url=https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=0e17cc1b-53f5-4e02-affb-8e572fe1c1bc%40redis|journal=Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research|volume=13|pages=245|doi=10.1386/jammr_00021_1 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> The main characters are depicted in a westernised way. Because of this they are recognised as good in western societies. The other characters do not have western or American characteristics. They are then seen as bad. This means that people who do not share the same values or appearances as western people are directly seen differently and gross.<ref name=":10" /> == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{history-stub}} [[Category:History]] oscrt7ape9jl47e1wlvpn7tve760l7z 0 900804 10883035 10878076 2026-06-10T09:34:52Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883035 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of the Young Turk Revolution.svg|250px|thumb|Flag of the [[Young Turk Revolution]]]] The '''Young Turks''' was a [[Politics|political]] reform movement in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries to replace the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[absolute monarchy]] with a [[Constitutionalism|constitutional]] government. They led a rebellion against the absolute rule of [[Sultan]] [[Abdul Hamid II]], to restore the 1876 constitution, in the 1908 [[Young Turk Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=A history of the modern Middle East: rulers, rebels, and rogues|last=Anderson|first=Betty S.|date=2016|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-8324-8|location=Stanford, California}}</ref> They also committed the [[Armenian Genocide|Armenian genocide]]. == History == The Young Turks was an opposition movement at the end of the [[Ottoman Empire]] that existed in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. Its members aimed to make reforms in politics and culture and wanted to create a new identity that was against the dominant [[ideology]] of Ottoman rule.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East|last1=Cleveland|first1=William, L.|last2=Bunton|first2=Martin|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9780429495502|publication-place=New York|page=124}}</ref> That made them disconnected from the Ottoman regime, and [[Sultan]] [[Abdul Hamid II]] (r. 1876-1909) repressed the group. Throughout the years, its members built up a resistance inside and outside the empire.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey|last=Zürcher|first=Erik, J.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2010|isbn=978-0-85771-807-5|publication-place=London|page=97}}</ref> The movement was a combination of three groups. Each group had its own criticism of the Ottoman state, which eventually made the groups come together. The first group was a community in exile and traced its origins further back since its members were abroad since the time of the [[:en:Young_Ottomans|Young Ottomans]] (1860s and 1870s). The second group was a squad of Ottoman students. The last group was a collaboration of dissatisfied army officers.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East|last=Cleveland|first=William, J.|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9780429495502|publication-place=New York|page=125}}</ref> The many members in the movement had an urban and literary character. Their [[Western world|Western]] style of education led them to a scientific view. Learning the [[French language]] had opened them doors to modern ideas. Their members received an influence from some well-known thinkers from [[France]] and so came up with conflicting ideas against the current regime. In the end, they focused on replacing the old structure of the empire with their new approach.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey|last=Zürcher|first=Erik, J.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84885-271-6|publication-place=London|page=112-114}}</ref> === Three groups === ==== Young Ottomans in exile ==== The first group had been abroad since the period of the [[:en:Young_Ottomans|Young Ottomans]], which was a group of young intellectuals that was formed in 1867 to criticize the development of the empire. They had gone to [[Europe]] to escape the harsh rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. They were educated in new Western types of schools, which helped them see things differently. For example, they criticized the [[Tanzimat]] period of reforms (1839-1876), which they thought simply imitated the Western style of government. They did not want to lose their own values but instead wanted a combination of Western and [[Eastern world|Eastern]] elements with a mix of Ottoman [[Islam|Islamic]] concepts and European innovations.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogues|last=Anderson|first=Betty, S.|publisher=Standford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780804783248|publication-place=Stanford|page=137}}</ref> They achieved their idea in 1876, when a constitution was established in the [[Ottoman Empire]], but this did not last long. The Sultan abolished the constitution and dissolved the [[parliament]] in February 1878. He further persecuted the movement.<ref name="A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogue book">{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogues|last=Anderson|first=Betty, S.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780804783248|publication-place=Stanford|page=138}}</ref> The subsequent murder of [[:en:Midhat_Pasha|Midhat Pasha]], the father of the constitution, was badly received and in later years increased the opposition to the Sultan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey|last=Zürcher|first=Erik, J.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84885-271-6|publication-place=London|page=97}}</ref> The Young Ottomans lived in [[Paris]] and Geneva and grew in number there. In the 1890s, they once more gained an opportunity to influence Ottoman political life. They wanted to restore the [[constitution]] of 1876 and reject the tyrannical regime of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. They found the constitution the best way to defeat the current government. In addition, they thought that their [[:en:Ottomanism|Ottomanist]] ideal would restore the empire to its previous glory.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East|last1=Cleveland|first1=William, J.|last2=Bunton|first2=Martin|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9780429495502|publication-place=New York|page=125-126}}</ref> ==== Ottoman students ==== The second group was a team of four military students from the state medical academy who founded a secret resistance group on May 21, 1889. It was called the Ottoman Unity Society. The members of the group were not Ottoman Turks but Muslims of other origins. For example, its four founders were an [[Albanians|Albanian]], a Circassian, and two [[Kurdish people|Kurds]]. They also received a lot of help from Russian immigrants from Russian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey|last=Zürcher|first=Erik, J.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84885-271-6|publication-place=London|page=99}}</ref> The group wanted equal political access for every citizen. Their broad idea of [[:en:Ottomanism|Ottomanism]] was not based on nationality and attracted various Ottomans, many of whom were not Turks.<ref name="A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogue book" /> The group shared the same customs and values as that of the exiles. Both were trained in the European way, shared the opinion that Abdul Hamid II was a problem to potential innovations, and they wanted to restore the 1876 constitution and overthrow the Sultan. The Ottoman [[:en:Ahmet_Rıza|Ahmet Rıza]], also a supporter of those ideas, went to Paris in 1895 to join the centenary celebrations of the [[French Revolution]]. That historic event was a great inspiration to the Young Ottomans. He brought the ideas of both groups together. He accepted to serve as the head of this Paris faction.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey|last=Zürcher|first=Erik, J.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84885-271-6|publication-place=London|page=98}}</ref> However, attempts to expand their influence in the empire were unsuccessful. The Sultan's spy network discovered the existence of the group. The Sultan arrested the members, exiled them, reinforced his tight security, and imposed more [[censorship]]. The small group that had survived that intervention now less hope of success. However, with their exile to places like [[Egypt]] and European cities, it became more influential abroad.<ref name="A History of the Modern Middle East book">{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East|last1=Cleveland|first1=William, J.|last2=Bunton|first2=Martin|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9780429495502|publication-place=New York|page=126}}</ref> ==== Military group ==== The third group consisted of an alliance of army officers who were dissatisfied after the negative intervention of Sultan Abdulhamid II in the military system. In response, they began to form secret resistance groups that met the other two groups. Most army officers of the resistance were from the Third Ottoman Army of [[Thessaloniki|Salonika]] and had been educated in European-style military schools, giving them a Western mindset that influenced their actions. Their attitude towards the Sultan was another similarity with other two groups. They were military members themselves as loyal soldiers of the empire and wanted to preserve its traditional culture. However, they felt that the Sultan's attitude towards the army did not help but rather undermined that goal.<ref name="A History of the Modern Middle East book" /> After the arrest and the exile of the members of the other groups, those officers regrouped within the empire. That made them manage to play a greater role behind the scenes. They became the military branch of the movement. In addition, they were finding more support for their mission.<ref name="A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogue book" /> === Congress of Ottoman Liberals === The Congress of Liberal Ottomans in 1902, was an attempt to bring together the different resistance groups in Paris. Its aim was to create a unified direction to the movement to strengthen the opposition to Abdulhamid II. As explained earlier, the military branch of the movement had been active in the empire itself. Therefore, this congress was mainly in the presence of citizens in exile, who were a mix of the group that was already abroad and the students who joined later. From then on, this combination called itself the Young Turks. Unlike the previous student group, this group openly included Turkish Muslims.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogues|last=Anderson|first=Betty, S.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780804783248|publication-place=Stanford|page=139}}</ref> Disagreements caused the group to be divided into two flanks. One flank was led by [[:en:Mehmed_Sabahaddin|Prince Sabahaddin]], a cousin of the Sultan. He betrayed the ruling family and formed the Society of Ottoman Liberals, whose main goal was to overthrow the Sultan. In addition, it wanted to ask the British government for help. The other flank was spread across several small divisions throughout the Ottoman Empire and Europe. It had influential resources to spread its ideas to the rest of the population to gather support. In 1907, they started calling themselves the [[Committee of Union and Progress]] (CUP), with [[:en:Ahmet_Rıza|Ahmet Riza]] still heading it. It was later a [[political party]] that ruled the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey|last=Zürcher|first=Erik, J.|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2010|isbn=978-1-84885-271-6|publication-place=London|pages=98}}</ref> Meanwhile, the military branch that was in the empire had organized itself by founding the Ottoman Freedom Society of Salonika. The civilians had clearly joined in the first years of the 19th century. Now, the military had arrived and officially joined the Young Turks movement, largely because of its complaints against the repressive Sultan. Finally, in 1907, the military group joined the CUP. Thus, the Young Turks had now formally combined its civil and military branches and was in fact ready to launch the [[Young Turk Revolution|1908 revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of the Modern Middle East : Rulers, Rebels, and Rogues|last=Anderson|first=Betty, S.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780804783248|publication-place=Stanford|page=139-140}}</ref> == Ideology == === Origins === The ideology of the Young Turks started out from sentiments that originated in the 18th and the 19th centuries,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|edition=Nachdr.|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|page=8}}</ref> when the Ottomans sent their intellectuals and elites to study in the West to catch up with the scientific advancements of the time in which the West led.<ref name=":0" /> The Ottomans who settled in the West often felt disappointed with the general development back home. From their perspective, the empire was declining from all fronts.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|url=https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani/page/11 11]}}</ref> They believed that Ottoman society's social and cultural beliefs were restrictive and so caused its decline. On the other hand, they believed that Western progress was caused by leading the world in the sciences, which helped their development.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|edition=Nachdr.|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|page=12}}</ref> The sentiments of the time eventually led to a class of intellectuals who would become open to Western thought, which would be characterized by [[rationalism]], [[materialism]] and [[liberalism]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shukla|first=Ram Lakhan|date=1970|title=The Pan-Islamic Policy of the Young Turks and India|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138557|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=32|pages=302–307 |jstor=44138557 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> === Political Ideas === In the public pamphlets that the Young Turks spread, they would show themselves to the public as a very devout Islamic movement.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|edition=Nachdr.|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|pages=200–201}}</ref> In one of the pamphlets, they even accused the Sultan of being a secret [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref name=":1" /> However, in their more private writings, the Young Turks would discuss totally different kinds of views and be more critical of traditional Islamic authorities.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|url=https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani/page/203 203]}}</ref> Their world view revolved around terms like [[positivism]], [[nationalism]], and [[constitutionalism]].<ref name=":2" /> Positivism had a major role in their world view, which many of them acknowledged as well.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|edition=Nachdr.|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|page=206}}</ref> Positivism supports a very scientific and rational way of looking at the world, which made it very popular for the Young Turks. It was a good ideological foundation for the Young Turks because it reinforced their critical opinions on religion and the clergy.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|url=https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani/page/206 206]-208}}</ref> This focus on science and the quest of finding a scientific outlook made positivism attractive for them. A very important ideological belief of the Young Turks was their nationalism, partly as a reaction to the European imperial politics that they experienced at their time.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|url=https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani/page/204 204]-206}}</ref> However, the movement was split into groups who supported different forms. Some wanted a [[:en:Pan-Islamism|pan-Islamic]] form of nationalism, whilst some were [[Turanism|pan-Turkic]], however the official line of the party (crucially for the 1908 revolution) was pan-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottomanism]]. In their leaflets, the Young Turks proclaimed that they wanted to restore the constitution of 1876, which they believed had been neglected by their time's Ottoman rulers.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|url=https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/youngturksinoppo0000hani/page/210 210]-211}}</ref> The Young Turks had other motives to their constitutionalism. The return to an active constitution would be a means to change other things within the empire. One of the social changes that they wanted to see was the creation of a strong state, which would be ruled by an intellectual elite.<ref name=":3" /> In the new state, the law would not be based on religion, and there would be a strong separation with the religious institutions.<ref name=":3" /> Eventually, the state would represent a Turkish nation, which was [[Controversy|controversial]] since some of the Young Turks were not Turkish themselves.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=The Young Turks in opposition|last=Hanioğlu|first=M. Şükrü|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-509115-1|edition=Nachdr.|series=Studies in Middle Eastern history|location=New York|pages=211–215}}</ref> For the Young Turks, constitutionalism was a means to catch up to the west.<ref name=":4" /> === Influence on Atatürk === Whilst [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Atatürk]] wasn't a member of the Young Turks himself, his policies were greatly influenced by their ideology. His initial [[Secularism_in_Turkey|secularization]] of branches of Turkish society was a continuation of CUP policies from between 1913 and 1918.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Turkey: a modern history|last=Zürcher|first=Erik Jan|date=2017|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-78453-187-4|edition=4rd|location=London}}</ref> He also agreed with positivist and nationalist elements of Young Turk ideology.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zürcher|first=Erik J.|date=1992|title=The Qttoman Legacy of the Turkish Republic: An Attempt at a New Periodization|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570835|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=32|issue=2|pages=237–253|doi=10.2307/1570835|jstor=1570835 |issn=0043-2539}}</ref> However, after Atatürk took power he tried to distance himself and discredited the Young Turks as he wanted to be the focal point of the new [[Turkey|Turkish Republic.]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zürcher|first=Erik J.|date=1992|title=The Qttoman Legacy of the Turkish Republic: An Attempt at a New Periodization|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1570835|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=32|issue=2|pages=237–253|doi=10.2307/1570835|jstor=1570835 |issn=0043-2539}}</ref> == Revolution and legacy == In 1908, the Turkish revolutionaries overthrew the Ottoman authorities in the [[Young Turk Revolution]] and claimed to have established a regime that would be democratic, unlike the Ottoman absolutes monarchs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arjomand|first=Saïd Amir|date=1992|title=Constitutions and the struggle for political order: a study in the modernization of political traditions|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23999501|journal=European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie / Europäisches Archiv für Soziologie|volume=33|issue=1|pages=52–53|jstor=23999501 |issn=0003-9756}}</ref> After restoring the constitution, the Young Turks were involved with other challenges during their ten years of government such as conflicts with the West and the constantly-revolting minorities within the empire.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Qamaruddin|first=Md.|date=1978|title=Some Contributions of the Young Turks to Modern Turkey|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139437|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=39|page=902|pages=902–906|jstor=44139437 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> However, the Young Turks implemented a lot of important changes.<ref name=":5" /> The implementation of a language law in 1915 created the legal basis to establish that accounts were be managed in Turkish, which helped educated Turks work for European companies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ahmad|first=Feroz|date=1968|title=The Young Turk Revolution|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/259696|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=3|issue=3|page=905|pages=19–36|jstor=259696 |issn=0022-0094}}</ref> That formalized language requirements for companies and eventually society. Other important reforms brought by the Young Turks were the steps made for the further emancipation of the empire's women like by supporting the role of women in society and the workforce,<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Ahmad|first=Feroz|date=1968|title=The Young Turk Revolution|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/259696|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=3|issue=3|pages=19–36 |jstor=259696 |issn=0022-0094}}</ref> allowing education for more women, building girls' schools, and allowing female students in [[Istanbul University]].<ref name=":6" /> == The 31st March Incident == After the 1908 revolution, the Young Turks brought back the constitution and limited the Sultan’s powers, marking the start of a period called the Second Constitutional Era.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=Turkey: A Modern History|last=Zürcher|first=Erik Jan|date=2017|publisher=I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited|isbn=978-1-78453-186-7|edition=1st|series=20171221 Ser|location=London}}</ref> However, tensions kept growing between conservative religious groups, insurgent soldiers, and the modernizing officer corps.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Swenson|first=Victor R.|date=1970|title=The Military Rising in Istanbul 1909|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/259871|journal=Journal of Contemporary History|volume=5|issue=4|pages=171–184|jstor=259871 |issn=0022-0094}}</ref> The revolt broke out on the night of 12-13 April 1909, which corresponded to 31 March 1325 in the Rumi calendar. The revolt was set off by complaints over poor pay, harsh discipline, and resentment toward the secular changes pushed by the CUP.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey: Volume 1: Empire of the Gazis: the rise and decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808|last=Shaw|first=Stanford J.|date=1976|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-511-61496-5|location=Cambridge}}</ref> Many of the mutineers were supported by the [[reactionary]] faction led by the preacher Derviş Vahdeti and the Mohammedan Union, an Islamist organization.<ref name=":7" /> In response, Mahmud Shevket Pasha gathered the Action Army in Thessaloniki, consisting of three army groups loyal to the CUP.<ref name=":8" /> The force marched into Istanbul on 24 April 1909 and fought the rebels in key neighborhoods.<ref name=":9" /> Within days, the uprising was crushed by the superior organization and firepower of the Action Army.<ref name=":7" /> On 27 April 1909, Abdul Hamid II was declared unfit to rule and deposed by the Ottoman Parliament, then replaced by his brother, [[Mehmed V]].<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 11th ed. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911. s.v. “Abd-ul-Hamid II.”</ref> This move solidified the CUP’s dominance and pushed the government towards a more centralized, one-party rule. The crisis also showed the fragility of constitutional governance, hinting at further internal conflicts before [[World War I]].<ref name=":9" /> == Involvement in WWI == === Entry to the War === The Young Turks were in charge of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War. They made a secret deal with [[Germany]] to join the [[Central Powers]] in 1914, because they were scared of Russian and British threats to Ottoman territory.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Ottomans within the international order|date=2008|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/ottoman-road-to-war-in-1914/ottomans-within-the-international-order/EE1EB5918AA553AC15D1A144B7CDEB9F|work=The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War|pages=57–92|editor-last=Aksakal|editor-first=Mustafa|series=Cambridge Military Histories|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-88060-2|access-date=2025-05-22}}</ref> === Armenian Genocide === During WW1, the Young Turks committed a [[genocide]] against [[Armenians in Turkey|Armenians]] because they wanted a ethnically homogenous nation, and wanted to make the country more Turkish and [[Muslims|Muslim]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rt86|title=The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire|last=Akçam|first=Taner|date=2012|publisher=Princeton University Press|jstor=j.ctt7rt86 |isbn=978-0-691-15956-0}}</ref> They were also scared that the Armenians would help the Young Turks' war enemies, especially the Russians.<ref>{{Citation|last=Butt|first=Ahsan I.|title=The Ottoman Empire's Escalation from Reforms to the Armenian Genocide, 1908–1915|date=2017|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1w0d9w9.9|work=Secession and Security|pages=125–162|series=Explaining State Strategy against Separatists|publisher=Cornell University Press|jstor=10.7591/j.ctt1w0d9w9.9 |isbn=978-1-5017-1394-1|access-date=2025-05-21}}</ref> Historians estimate that between 600,000 to 1,500,000 Armenians died.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The thirty-year genocide: Turkey's destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894-1924|url=https://archive.org/details/thirtyyeargenoci0000morr|last1=Morris|first1=Benny|last2=Ze'evi|first2=Dror|date=2019|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-91645-6|location=Cambridge (Mass.)|pages=[https://archive.org/details/thirtyyeargenoci0000morr/page/n20 1]}}</ref> Hundreds of thousands were forcibly deported from their homes to the far east of the empire, such as Syria and [[Mesopotamia]]. Many died of starvation along the way, or were executed by military forces of the Young Turks at some point during the journey east.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/mw22v6993|title="They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|date=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-14730-7|language=en}}</ref> Children whose parents were killed were often forcibly converted to Islam.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The history of the Armenian genocide: ethnic conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus|last=Dadrian|first=Vahakn N.|date=2003|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-57181-666-5|edition=4th rev.|location=New York Oxford}}</ref> Prominent Young Turks [[Enver Pasha]] and [[Mehmet talaat|Talaat Pasha]] were convicted of war crimes for their involvement and sanctioning of the genocide. == References == <references /> [[Category:1900s in the Ottoman Empire]] [[Category:20th century in Turkey]] cr2u5fmecinsa3fg3i41tyi14uxhfto 0 901045 10883093 10802787 2026-06-10T11:51:42Z ~2026-34262-99 1819564 update the current status of the general as well as where he currently serves 10883093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Birhanu Bekele | office = Chief Commander of the North West Command | office1 = Lieutenant General | image = | status = incumbent | termstart = January 1, 2022 | termstart1 = February 15, 2022 | office2 = Major General | termstart2 = January 1, 2020, ended February 15, 2022 }} [[Lieutenant general]] '''Birhanu Bekele''' (full name: Berhanu Bekele Bedada) is the Ethiopian lieutenant general who serves as the [[commander of the North West Command of the [[Ethiopian National Defense Force]]. He had previously served as the head of the [[Republican Guard]] a special protection and operations unit inside the Ethiopian Ministry of Defense. He was a Brigadier General but later promoted to Major general on January 1, 2020 <ref>{{Cite news|title=MAJ. GENERAL BERHANU BEKELE|work=Multi Fact Check|url=https://multifactcheck.org/directory/name/berhanu-bekele/|access-date=2022-01-29|archive-date=2022-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129195203/https://multifactcheck.org/directory/name/berhanu-bekele/|url-status=deviated}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=December 30, 2020|title=Republican Guard Conducts Effective Operations In Law Enforcement Measures: Chief Commander|work=Fana Broadcasting Corporate|url=https://www.fanabc.com/english/republican-guard-conducts-effective-operations-in-law-enforcement-measures-chief-commander/|access-date=December 30, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dandessa|first=Chala|date=March 27, 2021|title=The Ethiopian Ministry of Defense has graduated Air Force and Commando|work=Ethiopians Today|url=https://ethiopianstoday.com/2021/03/27/the-ethiopian-ministry-of-defense-has-graduated-air-force-and-commando/|access-date=March 27, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and then promoted to lieutenant general. == Career == The General has served years in the Ethiopian National Defense forces. He became a Major General on June 28, 2019, who was tasked with being also the Chief Commander of the [[Republican Guard]] A group of specialists trained unit protecting high level country officials. The Major General had served as a colonel before becoming a brigadier general on February 3, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 1, 2021|title=የሪፐብሊካን ጋርድ መመለስና ቀጣዩ ግዳጅ {{!}} Republican Guard {{!}} Major General Berhanu Bekele {{!}} Ethiopia|work=Andafta on YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPLswT-eAE0|access-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Berhane|first=Daniel|date=February 3, 2018|title=Ethiopian military gets new deputy Chief of Staffs, 4 Full Generals and 57 General officer promotions|work=Horn Affairs|url=https://hornaffairs.com/2018/02/03/ethiopia-military-new-deputy-chief-of-staffs-general-officer-promotions/|access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=June 28, 2019|title=Adem Mohammed Appointed Army Chief, Demelash Gebremichael Security Chief|work=Ezega|url=https://www.ezega.com/News/NewsDetails/7148/Adem-Mohammed-Appointed-Army-Chief-Demelash-Gebremichael-Security-Chief|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref> He currently serves as command of the North West Command. == References == {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] [[Category:Ethiopian people]] 7o39z9nug3l9oefju3k3rzfxjve1ald 0 908197 10882958 10881620 2026-06-10T06:29:38Z BodhiHarp 1567994 10882958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox IPA|above=Voiceless glottal fricative|ipa symbol=h|ipa-number=146|decimal=104|xsampa=h|kirshenbaum=h}} The '''voiceless glottal fricative or approximant''' is a type of [[consonant]]. The letter for this sound in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] is ⟨{{IPA|h}}⟩. The [[X-SAMPA]] symbol for this sound is <samp>⟨h⟩</samp>. The [[English language|English]] language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by the "h" in ''hear'' and ''have''. == Features == {{consonants|pulmonic|voiceless|glottal|fricative}} ==Examples== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2"|Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning |- | [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || Shapsug || {{lang|ady-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''х'''ыгь]]}}/khyg' ||{{IPA|[həɡʲ]}} || 'now' |- | colspan="2" | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] || {{lang|sq|[[Albanian alphabet|'''h'''ire]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hiɾɛ]}}{{fix|text=stress?|date=September 2015}} || 'the graces' |- | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || [[Modern Standard Arabic|Modern Standard]]<ref name="Thelwall">{{Harvcoltxt|Thelwall|1990|p=38}}</ref> || {{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|هائل]]|rtl=yes}}/haa'il ||{{IPA|[ˈhaːʔɪl]}} || 'enormous' |- | rowspan="2" | [[Aramaic|Assyrian]] |||[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Eastern]] || ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ '''h'''èmanūta ||{{IPA|[heːmaːnuːta]}} || 'faith' |- | [[Turoyo|Western]] || ܗܪܟܗ '''h'''arcë || {{IPA|[hεrcɪ]}} || 'here' |- | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || [[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=13}}</ref> || {{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|'''հ'''այերեն]]}}/hayeren ||{{Audio-IPA|hɑjɛɾɛn.ogg|[hɑjɛɾɛn]}} || 'Armenian' |- | rowspan="2" | [[Asturian language|Asturian]] |[[:ast:Asturianu central|South-central dialects]] |[[Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese|'''''ḥ'''uerza'']]||{{IPA|[ˈhweɾθɐ]}}|| 'force' |- |[[:ast:Asturianu oriental|Oriental dialects]] |[[Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese|'''''ḥ'''acer'']] |[haˈθeɾ] |"to do" |- | colspan="2" | [[Avar language|Avar]] || {{lang|av-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''гь'''а]]}} || {{IPA|[ha]}} || 'oath' |- | colspan="2" | [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]] | [[Latin script|'''h'''in]] | {{IPA|[hɪn]}} || 'chicken coop' |- | colspain="2" | [[Basque language|Basque]] || North-Eastern dialects<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Hualde|Ortiz de Urbina|2003|p=24}}</ref> || {{lang|eu|'''h'''irur|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hiɾur]}} || 'three' |- | colspan="2" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || {{lang|bn|[[Bengali alphabet|'''হা'''ওয়া]]}}/haoua ||{{IPA|[hao̯a]}} || 'wind' |- | colspan="2" | [[Berber language|Berber]] || {{lang|ber-Latn|a'''h'''erkus|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ahərkus]}} || 'shoe' |- | colspan="2" |[[Cantabrian dialect|Cantabrian]] |''mu'''ḥ'''er'' |[muˈheɾ] |'woman' |- | colspan="2" | [[Catalan language|Catalan]] || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|e'''h'''em]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[eˈhẽm]}} || 'ha!' |- | colspan="2" | [[Chechen language|Chechen]] || {{lang|ce-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''хӏ'''ара]]}} / {{lang|ce-Latn|'''h'''ara}} || {{IPA|[hɑrɐ]}} || 'this' |- | rowspan="2" | [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Cantonese]] || {{lang|yue-Hani|[[Chinese characters|海]]}} / {{lang|yue-Latn|[[Yale romanization of Cantonese|'''h'''ói]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Yue-hoi2.ogg|[hɔːi̯˧˥]|help=no}} ||rowspan=2| 'sea' |- | [[Taiwanese Mandarin]] || {{lang|cmn-Hani|[[Chinese characters|海]]}} / {{lang|cmn-Latn|[[Pinyin|'''h'''ǎi]]}} || {{IPA|[haɪ̯˨˩˦]}} |- |colspan=2| [[Danish language|Danish]]<ref name="gr125">{{Harvcoltxt|Grønnum|2005|p=125}}</ref> || {{lang|da|[[Danish alphabet|'''h'''us]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhuːˀs]}} || 'house' |- | colspan="2" | [[English language|English]] || [[English orthography|'''h'''igh]] || {{IPA|[haɪ̯]}} || 'high' |- | colspan="2"| [[Esperanto]] || {{lang|eo|[[Esperanto orthography|'''h'''ejmo]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhejmo]}}|| 'home' |- | [[Eastern Lombard language|Eastern Lombard]] || [[Val Camonica]] || {{lang|lmo|Bre'''s'''a}} || {{IPA|[ˈbrɛha]}} || '[[Brescia]]' |- | colspan="2" | [[Estonian language|Estonian]] || {{lang|et|[[Estonian alphabet|'''h'''ammas]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhɑmˑɑs]}} || 'tooth' |- | colspan="2" | [[Faroese language|Faroese]] || {{lang|fo|'''h'''on|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hoːn]}} || 'she' |- | colspan="2" | [[Finnish language|Finnish]] || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|'''h'''ammas]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhɑmːɑs]}} || 'tooth' |- | [[French language|French]]|| [[Belgian French|Belgian]] || {{lang|fr|[[French alphabet|'''h'''otte]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hɔt]}} || 'pannier' |- |[[Galician language|Galician]] |Occidental, central, and some oriental dialects |[[Galician phonology|'''g'''ato]] |[ˈhätʊ] |'cat' |- | colspan="2" | [[Georgian language|Georgian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=255}}</ref> || {{lang|ka|[[Georgian alphabet|'''ჰ'''ავა]]}}/hava ||{{IPA|[hɑvɑ]}} || 'climate' |- | colspan="2" | [[German language|German]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Kohler|1999|pp=86–87}}</ref> || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''H'''ass]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[has]}} || 'hatred' |- | [[Greek language|Greek]] || [[Cypriot Greek|Cypriot]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Arvaniti|1999|p=175}}</ref> || {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|μα'''χ'''αζί]]}}/mahazi ||{{IPA|[mahaˈzi]}} || 'shop' |- | colspan="2" | [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|2005|p=139}}</ref> || {{lang|haw|[[Hawaiian alphabet|'''h'''aka]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhɐkə]}} || 'shelf' |- | colspan="2" | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] || {{lang|he|[[Hebrew alphabet|הַר]]|rtl=yes}}/har ||{{IPA|[häʁ̞]}}|| 'mountain' |- | [[Hindi language|Hindi]] ||Standard<ref name="Thelwall"/> || {{lang|hi|[[Devanagri|हम]]}}/ham ||{{IPA|[ˈhəm]}} || 'we' |- | colspan="2" | [[Hmong language|Hmong]] || {{lang|hmn|[[Romanized Popular Alphabet|'''h'''awm]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[haɨ̰]}} || 'to honor' |- | colspan="2" | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|'''h'''elyes]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhɛjɛʃ]}} || 'right' |- | colspan="2" | [[Irish language|Irish]] || [[Irish orthography|'''''sh'''roich'']] || {{IPA|[hɾˠɪç]}} || 'reached' |- | [[Italian language|Italian]] || [[Tuscan language|Tuscan]]<ref name="hall">{{Harvcoltxt|Hall|1944|p=75}}</ref> || {{lang|it|[[Italian orthography|i '''c'''apitani]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[iˌhäɸiˈθäːni]}} || 'the captains' |- | colspan="2" | [[Japanese language|Japanese]] || {{lang|ja|[[Kana|すはだ]]}} / {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Romanization of Japanese|su'''h'''ada]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[sɨᵝhada]}} || 'bare skin' |- |colspan=2| [[Javanese language|Javanese]] || [[Javanese script|ꦩꦲ]]/Maha || {{IPA|[mɔhɔ]}} || The expert, Almighty one |- | colspan="2" | [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|тхылъ'''х'''э]]}}/ tkhyl"khė ||{{IPA|[tχɪɬhɑ]}} || 'books' |- | colspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|[[Khmer script|ហឹរ]]}} / {{transl|km|[[Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN|'''h'''œ̆r]]}}<br />{{lang|km|[[Khmer script|ចាស់]]}} / {{transl|km|[[Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN|chă'''s''']]}} || {{IPA|[hər]}}<br />{{IPA|[cah]}} || 'spicy'<br />'old' |- | colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko|[[Hangul|하루]]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|'''h'''aru]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hɐɾu]}} || 'day' |- | colspan="2" | [[Lakota language|Lakota]] || {{lang|lkt|[[Lakota language|ho]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ho]}} || 'voice' |- | colspan="2" | [[Lao language|Lao]] || {{lang|lo|[[Lao script|ຫ້າ]]}}/haa ||{{IPA|[haː˧˩]}} || 'five' |- | colspan="2" | [[Leonese language|Leonese]] || {{lang|ast|gua'''j'''e|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈwahe̞]}} || 'boy' |- | colspan="2" | [[Lezgian language|Lezgian]] || {{lang|lez-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''гь'''ек]]}}/g'ek ||{{IPA|[hek]}} || 'glue' |- | [[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] || Some dialects<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Heijmans|Gussenhoven|1998|p=107}}</ref><ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Peters|2006|p=117}}</ref> || {{lang|li|'''h'''òs|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hɔːs]}} || 'glove' |- | colspan="2" | [[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Gilles|Trouvain|2013|pp=67–68}}</ref> || {{lang|lb|'''h'''ei|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hɑ̝ɪ̯]}} || 'here' |- | colspan="2" | [[Malay language|Malay]] || {{lang|ms|[[Malay alphabet|'''h'''ari]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hari]}} || 'day' |- | colspan="2" | [[Mutsun language|Mutsun]] || {{lang|css|'''h'''učekniš|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hut͡ʃɛkniʃ]}} || 'dog' |- | colspan="2" | [[Navajo language|Navajo]] || {{lang|nv-Latn|'''h'''astiin}} || {{IPA|[hàsd̥ìːn]}} || 'mister' |- | colspan="2" | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|'''h'''att]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hɑtː]}} || 'hat' |- | colspan="2" | [[Pashto language|Pashto]] || {{lang|ps|[[Nasta'liq script|هو]]|rtl=yes}}/ho ||{{IPA|[ho]}} || 'yes' |- | colspan="2" | [[Persian language|Persian]] || {{lang|fa|[[Persian alphabet|هفت]]|rtl=yes}}/haft ||{{IPA|[hæft]}} || 'seven' |- | colspan="2" | [[Pirahã language|Pirahã]] || {{lang|myp-Latn|'''h'''i|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hì]}} || 'he' |- | rowspan="4" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || Many [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian]] dialects<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Barbosa|Albano|2004|pp=5–6}}</ref> || {{lang|pt-BR|[[Portuguese orthography|ma'''rr'''eta]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[maˈhetɐ]}} || 'sledgehammer' |- | Most dialects || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|'''H'''onda]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhõ̞dɐ]}}|| '[[Honda]]' |- | Minas Gerais (mountain dialect) || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|a'''r'''te]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈahtʃ]}}|| 'art' |- | Colloquial [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian]]<ref>{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.ufpa.br/alipa/realato_arlon1.htm Pará Federal University – The pronunciation of /s/ and its variations across Bragança municipality's Portuguese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707081516/http://www.ufpa.br/alipa/realato_arlon1.htm |date=2013-07-07 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.letras.ufrj.br/posverna/mestrado/SantosDR.pdf Rio de Janeiro Federal University – The variation of post-vocallic /S/ in the speech of Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215182241/http://www.letras.ufrj.br/posverna/mestrado/SantosDR.pdf |date=2017-12-15 }}</ref> || ''{{lang|pt-BR|[[Portuguese orthography|chuvi'''s'''co]]}}'' || {{IPA|[ɕuˈvihku]}} || 'drizzle' |- | colspan="2" | [[Romanian language|Romanian]] || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|'''h'''ăț]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[həts]}} || 'bridle' |- | colspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic]] || {{lang|gd|[[Scottish Gaelic orthography|ro-'''sh'''eòl]]}}|| {{IPA-gd|ɾɔˈhɔːɫ|}}||'[[topsail]]'<ref>{{cite web |title=ro-sheòl |url=https://www.faclair.com/ViewEntry.aspx?ID=DBF5C892A8B9DE086B55C93DDA51B77B |website=www.faclair.com |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref> |- | [[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]] || [[Croatian language|Croatian]]<ref name="Landau68">{{Harvcoltxt|Landau|Lončarić|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=68}}</ref> || {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''h'''melj]]}} || {{IPA|[hmê̞ʎ̟]}} || 'hops' |- | rowspan="3" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=258}}</ref> || [[Andalusian Spanish|Andalusian]] and [[Castúo|Extremaduran]] Spanish || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''h'''igo]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhiɣo̞]}} || 'fig' |- | Many dialects || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|obi'''s'''po]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[o̞ˈβ̞ihpo̞]}} || 'bishop' |- | Some dialects || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''j'''aca]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhaka]}} || 'pony' |- | colspan="2" | [[Swedish language|Swedish]]|| {{lang|se|[[Swedish alphabet|'''h'''att]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhatː]}} || 'hat' |- | colspan="2" | [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]] || {{lang|syl|[[Sylheti Nagari|ꠢꠣꠝꠥꠇ]]}}/hamukh ||{{IPA|[hamux]}} || 'snail' |- | colspan="2" | [[Thai language|Thai]] || {{lang|th|[[Thai script|ห้า]]}}/haa ||{{IPA|[haː˥˩]}}|| 'five' |- | colspan="2" | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|'''h'''alı]]}} || {{IPA|[häˈɫɯ]}}|| 'carpet' |- | colspan="2" | [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]] || align="center" | дуаха |[dwaha]|| 'prayer' |- | colspan="2" | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|| {{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|кі'''г'''ті]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkiht⁽ʲ⁾i]}}|| 'claws' |- | [[Urdu language|Urdu]] ||Standard<ref name="Thelwall" /> || {{lang|ur|[[Nasta'liq|ہم]]|rtl=yes}}/ham ||{{IPA|[ˈhəm]}} || 'we' |- | colspan="2" | [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}}</ref>|| {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''h'''iểu]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[hjew˧˩˧]}} || 'understand' |- | colspan="2" | [[Welsh language|Welsh]] || {{lang|cy|[[Welsh orthography|'''h'''aul]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhaɨl]}} || 'sun' |- | colspan="2" | [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]|| {{lang|fy|'''h'''oeke|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈhukə]}}|| 'corner' |- | colspan="2" | [[Yi language|Yi]] ||{{lang|ii-Yiii|[[Yi script|ꉐ]]}} / {{lang|ii|[[Yi script|'''hx'''a]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ha˧]}}|| 'hundred' |} ==Approximant== {{Infobox IPA|above=Voiceless glottal approximant|ipa symbol={{font color|grey|h̞}}|xsampa=h_o}} A '''voiceless glottal approximant''' is a rare type of [[consonant]]al [[sound]], used in some spoken languages. It is potentially in [[English language|English]], but same as {{IPAblink|h}}. ==Nasal== {{Infobox IPA |above=Voiceless nasal glottal fricative (Voiceless nasal glottal approximant) |ipa symbol=h̃ }} The '''voiceless nasal glottal fricative or approximant''' is a sound used in some [[spoken language|spoken languages]]. The [[IPA]] letter for this sound is {{angbr IPA|h̃}}. It is not in [[English language|English]]. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== {{Refbegin|2}} * {{citation |last = Arvaniti |first = Amalia |year = 1999 |title = Cypriot Greek |journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume = 29 |issue = 2 |pages = 173–178 |url = http://idiom.ucsd.edu/~arvaniti/Arvaniti.JIPA_CY.pdf |doi = 10.1017/S002510030000654X |s2cid = 163926812 |accessdate = 2022-02-22 |archive-date = 2014-03-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140306180628/http://idiom.ucsd.edu/~arvaniti/Arvaniti.JIPA_CY.pdf |url-status = dead }} * {{citation |last1=Barbosa |first1=Plínio A. |last2=Albano |first2=Eleonora C. |year= 2004 |title=Brazilian Portuguese |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=227–232 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001756 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last=Dum-Tragut |first=Jasmine |year=2009 |title=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |place=Amsterdam }} * {{citation |last1=Gilles |first1=Peter |last2=Trouvain |first2=Jürgen |year=2013 |title=Luxembourgish |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=67–74 |doi=10.1017/S0025100312000278 |doi-access=free }} * {{citation |last=Grønnum |first=Nina |year=2005 |title=Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk |edition=3rd |publisher=Akademisk Forlag |place=Copenhagen |isbn=87-500-3865-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RtCAgAAQBAJ }} * {{cite journal |last=Hall |first=Robert A. Jr. |year=1944 |title=Italian phonemes and orthography |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_italica_1944-06_21_2/page/72 |journal=Italica |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=72–82 |doi=10.2307/475860 |jstor=475860 |publisher=American Association of Teachers of Italian }} *{{citation |last1=Heijmans |first1=Linda |last2=Gussenhoven |first2=Carlos |year=1998 |title=The Dutch dialect of Weert |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=28 |issue=1–2 |pages=107–112 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300006307 |s2cid=145635698 |url=http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf |access-date=2022-02-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034049/http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf |url-status=dead }} *{{citation |editor-last=Hualde |editor-first=José Ignacio |editor-link=José Ignacio Hualde |editor2-last=Ortiz de Urbina |editor2-first=Jon |year=2003 |title=A grammar of Basque |publisher=Mouton de Gruyter |place=Berlin |isbn=3-11-017683-1 }} *{{citation |last = Kohler |first = Klaus |year= 1999 |chapter=German |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=86–89 |isbn=0-521-63751-1 }} *{{Citation |last=Ladefoged |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Ladefoged |year=2005 |title=Vowels and Consonants |edition=Second |publisher=Blackwell }} *{{SOWL}} *{{citation |last1=Landau |first1=Ernestina |last2=Lončarić |first2=Mijo |last3=Horga |first3=Damir |last4=Škarić |first4=Ivo |year=1999 |chapter=Croatian |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-65236-7 |pages=66–69 }} *{{citation |last = Laufer |first = Asher |year= 1991 |title=Phonetic Representation: Glottal Fricatives |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=91–93 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300004448 |s2cid = 145231104 }} *{{citation |last1 = Martínez-Celdrán |first1= Eugenio |last2 = Fernández-Planas |first2= Ana Ma |last3 = Carrera-Sabaté |first3 = Josefina |year= 2003 |title=Castilian Spanish |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=255–259 |doi = 10.1017/S0025100303001373 |doi-access= free }} *{{citation |last=Peters |first=Jörg |year=2006 |title=The dialect of Hasselt |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=117–124 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002428 |doi-access=free }} *{{citation |last1=Shosted |first1=Ryan K. |last2=Chikovani |first2=Vakhtang |year=2006 |title=Standard Georgian |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=255–264 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002659 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf |doi-access=free }} *{{cite book |last=Smyth |first=Herbert Weir |date=1920 |title=A Greek Grammar for Colleges |url=http://www.ccel.org/s/smyth/grammar/html/toc_uni.htm |publisher=American Book Company |via=[[Christian Classics Ethereal Library|CCEL]] |access-date=1 January 2014 }} *{{citation |last = Thelwall |first= Robin |year= 1990 |title= Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=37–41 |doi=10.1017/S0025100300004266 |s2cid= 243640727 }} * {{citation |last=Thompson |first=Laurence |year=1959 |title=Saigon phonemics |journal=Language |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=454–476 |doi=10.2307/411232 |jstor=411232 }} * {{cite book |last1=Wright |first1=Joseph |last2=Wright |first2=Elizabeth Mary |date=1925 |title=Old English Grammar |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=3rd }} {{Refend}} {{IPA navigation}} [[Category:Consonants]] nfvqmhmv44jjdxq3wqhr3j9zn3u8qaj 0 910681 10882854 9068957 2026-06-10T02:27:11Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Portuguese subdivision|official_name=Vila Real|image_shield=Vila Real brasão.gif|image_flag=Flag of Vila Real.png|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo1a = Vila Real - Portugal (273229898) (cropped).jpg | photo2a = Monumento a Carvalho Araújo - Vila Real - Portugal (117679264).jpg | photo2b = Casa de Mateus, Vila Real (10247962686) (cropped).jpg | photo3a = 5000 Vila Real, Portugal - panoramio (cropped).jpg | photo3b = Torre de Quintela.JPG | photo3c = Igreja de S. Paulo (Capela Nova) (46367658245) (cropped).jpg | spacing = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 | foot_montage = From top left to right: [[Corgo River]] near Codessais, [[Carvalho Araújo]] Statue, [[Mateus Palace]], St. Peter's Chruch, Quintela Tower and St. Paul's Church (Capela Nova). }}|coordinates={{coord|41|17|45|N|07|44|46|W|type:adm1st_region:PT_dim:100000|display=inline,title}}|image_map=LocalVilaReal.svg|region=[[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]]|CIM=[[Douro (intermunicipal community)|Douro]]|district=[[Vila Real District|Vila Real]]|leader_party=[[Socialist Party (Portugal)|PS]]|leader_name=Rui Santos|elevation=450|area_total_km2=378.80|population_total=49,571|population_as_of=2021|postal_code=5000|area_code=259|website=https://www.cm-vilareal.pt/|type=municipality|established_date=1289 (city: 1925)|flag_border=no}} '''Vila Real''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈvilɐ ʁiˈal|-|Pt-pt Vila Real FF.ogg}}) is the [[Capital city|capital]] of the [[Vila Real District]]. It is also largest city in the [[Districts of Portugal|district]]. The city is in the [[Norte, Portugal|North]] region of [[Portugal]]. The Vila Real has an area of {{convert|378.80|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="dgt">{{cite web|title=Áreas das freguesias, concelhos, distritos e país|url=http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105172426/http://www.dgterritorio.pt/cartografia_e_geodesia/cartografia/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal_caop_/caop__download_/carta_administrativa_oficial_de_portugal___versao_2017__em_vigor_/|archive-date=2018-11-05|access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref> In 2021, 49,571 people lived there.<ref>{{Cite web|last=INE|date=2022-11-23|title=Population and Housing Census - 2021 Census|url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011609&lang=EN|access-date=2023-01-22|website=tabulador.ine.pt|archive-date=2022-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123125336/https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011609&lang=EN|url-status=dead}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} <references /> {{europe-stub}} [[Category:Cities in Portugal]] [[Category:Municipalities of Portugal]] [[Category:Vila Real District]] qzdlt0heir1gvcfjxrw5cd5sgzoa7rm 0 911412 10882993 9740489 2026-06-10T08:11:15Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}} {{Infobox law enforcement agency | agencyname = West Bengal Police | nativename = | nativenamea = | nativenamer = | commonname = | abbreviation = WBP | logo = | logocaption = | badge = | badgecaption = | flag = | flagcaption = | imagesize = | motto = "We Care We Dare" | mottotranslated = | mission = | formedyear = 1861 | formedmonthday = | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding = | employees = Unknown<ref>{{citation|url=http://wbpolice.gov.in/writereaddata/GradationList-2019wbps.pdf|title=2018 WBPS list|work=WB Police Gazette}}</ref> | volunteers = | budget = {{INRConvert|9503|c}} <small>(2021-22 est.)</small><ref>{{cite web|date=Feb 5, 2021 |title=PRS Budget Analysis |url=https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/west-bengal-budget-analysis-2021-22 |access-date=Jan 25, 2022}}</ref> | legalpersonality = | country = India | countryabbr = | national = | federal = | international = | divtype = State | divname = [[West Bengal]] | divdab = | subdivtype = | subdivname = | subdivdab = | map = IN-WB.svg{{!}}border | mapcaption = West Bengal Police Jurisdiction Area | sizearea = {{convert|88752|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | sizepopulation = 91,347,736 (2011) | legaljuris = [[West Bengal, India]] | governingbody = [[Government of West Bengal]] | governingbodyscnd = | constitution1 = The West Bengal Police Act, 1952 | police = yes | local = yes | military = | provost = | gendarmerie = Combat Force | religious = | speciality1 = | overviewtype = | overviewbody = | headquarters = Bhabani Bhawan, [[Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal]] | hqlocmap = | hqlocmappoptitle = | sworntype = [[Gazetted Officer (India)|Gazetted Officer]] | sworn = 200 IPS officers<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wbpolice.gov.in/wbp/Common/WBP_IPS_Posting_new.aspx|title = West Bengal Police}}</ref> | unsworntype = | unsworn = | multinational = | electeetype = Minister | minister1name = [[Mamata Banerjee]] | minister1pfo = [[Department of Home (West Bengal)]] | chief1name = Shri Manoj Malaviya, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] | chief1position = [[Director General of Police|DGP]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=সংবাদদাতা |first1=নিজস্ব |title=West Bengal Police: দুই বছরের জন্য রাজ্য পুলিশের ডিজি নিযুক্ত হলেন মনোজ মালব্য, শীঘ্রই নেবেন দায়িত্বভার |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/governor-of-west-bengal-appoints-shri-manoj-malviya-as-the-dg-of-west-bengal-dgtl/cid/1320896 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=www.anandabazar.com}}</ref> | parentagency = [[Department of Home (West Bengal)]] | child2agency = [[CID West Bengal]] | child3agency = [[Counter Insurgency Force]] | child4agency = | child5agency = | child6agency = | child7agency = | unittype = | unitname = | officetype = | officename = | provideragency = | uniformedas = | stationtype = | stations = | airbases = | lockuptype = | lockups = | vehicle1type = | vehicles1 = | boat1type = | boats1 = | aircraft1type = | aircraft1 = | animal1type = | animals1 = | person1name = | person1reason = | person1type = | programme1 = | activity1name = Law Enforcement | activitytype = | anniversary1 = | award1 = | website = [http://wbpolice.gov.in/ wbpolice.gov.in] | footnotes = | reference = }} The '''West Bengal Police''' is the [[police force]] of the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. The West Bengal Police was organized under the Police Act 1861 during the [[British Raj]]. It is led by the Director General of Police who reports to the State Government through the Home (Police) Department. Shri P Narajnayan, an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer has held the position of Director General since March 8, 2021. The West Bengal Police has joint authority with the twenty two [[revenue district]]s of the State as under the Police Act 1861. The other general police district consists of the major portions of the metropolitan area of [[Kolkata]], and has a separate police force ([[Kolkata Police]]) administered under the Calcutta Police Act 1866 & Calcutta (Suburban Police) Act 1866. This type of administration, only used in India, was created during colonial times when Calcutta was the capital of [[British India]]. The city police have been kept independent of the state police force since that time. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * [http://www.wbgov.com/E-Gov/ENGLISH/DistrictInfo/TopicDistFrame.asp?From=PS List of all West Bengal police stations from the West Bengal govt's official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606040959/http://www.wbgov.com/E-Gov/ENGLISH/DistrictInfo/TopicDistFrame.asp?From=PS |date=2011-06-06 }} * [http://www.cidwestbengal.gov.in Criminal Investigation Department, West Bengal] {{authority control}} [[Category:Law enforcement agencies]] [[Category:West Bengal]] [[Category:1861 establishments in Asia]] [[Category:Government agencies of India]] g06bxtqiwioe8hcb5i3kzut1pin7yli 0 920653 10882534 10849707 2026-06-09T19:07:16Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:Current national leaders]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Rodrigo Chaves, discurso posesión (cropped).jpg | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|6|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[San José, Costa Rica]] | death_date = | death_place = | office = 49th [[List of presidents of Costa Rica|President of Costa Rica]] | term_start = 8 May 2022 | term_end = 8 May 2026 | predecessor = [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] | successor = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | office1 = [[Ministry of Finance (Costa Rica)|Minister of Finance]] | president1 = [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] | term_start1 = 30 October 2019 | term_end1 = 28 May 2020 | predecessor1 = [[Rocío Aguilar Montoya]] | successor1 = Elián Villegas Valverde | spouse = | children = | party = [[Social Democratic Progress Party]] (2020-) | education = [[Ohio State University]] ([[PhD]]) | vicepresident = [[Stephan Brunner]]<br />[[Mary Munive]] }} '''Rodrigo Alberto de Jesús Chaves Robles''' (born 10 June 1961) is a Costa Rican politician. He is the 49th [[List of presidents of Costa Rica|President of Costa Rica]] since 2022. Chaves was [[Ministry of Finance (Costa Rica)|Minister of Finance]] during the presidency of [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] from 2019 until 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rodrigo Chaves: Costa Rica no puede volver a los mismos partidos; indecisos van con nosotros|url=https://www.telediario.cr/politica/elecciones-costa-rica/costa-rica-volver-partidos-rodrigo-chaves|access-date=2022-02-06|website=telediario.cr|language=es}}</ref> He was elected president in [[2022 Costa Rican general election|2022]], beating former president [[José María Figueres]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaves Robles, Rodrigo}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] {{bio-stub}} a7j5yr07i5x07aqme21jjfxat33sqqu 10882535 10882534 2026-06-09T19:07:34Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | image = Rodrigo Chaves, discurso posesión (cropped).jpg | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|6|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[San José, Costa Rica]] | death_date = | death_place = | office = 49th [[List of presidents of Costa Rica|President of Costa Rica]] | term_start = 8 May 2022 | term_end = 8 May 2026 | predecessor = [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] | successor = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | office1 = [[Ministry of Finance (Costa Rica)|Minister of Finance]] | president1 = [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] | term_start1 = 30 October 2019 | term_end1 = 28 May 2020 | predecessor1 = [[Rocío Aguilar Montoya]] | successor1 = Elián Villegas Valverde | spouse = | children = | party = [[Social Democratic Progress Party]] (2020-) | education = [[Ohio State University]] ([[PhD]]) | vicepresident = [[Stephan Brunner]]<br />[[Mary Munive]] }} '''Rodrigo Alberto de Jesús Chaves Robles''' (born 10 June 1961) is a Costa Rican politician. He was the 49th [[List of presidents of Costa Rica|President of Costa Rica]] from 2022 until 2026. Chaves was [[Ministry of Finance (Costa Rica)|Minister of Finance]] during the presidency of [[Carlos Alvarado Quesada]] from 2019 until 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rodrigo Chaves: Costa Rica no puede volver a los mismos partidos; indecisos van con nosotros|url=https://www.telediario.cr/politica/elecciones-costa-rica/costa-rica-volver-partidos-rodrigo-chaves|access-date=2022-02-06|website=telediario.cr|language=es}}</ref> He was elected president in [[2022 Costa Rican general election|2022]], beating former president [[José María Figueres]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chaves Robles, Rodrigo}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1961 births]] [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] {{bio-stub}} j7obqohlknkm013g2xk0djcaau46zxw 0 925936 10882730 10817556 2026-06-09T23:13:38Z NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh 1104831 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-22788-77|~2026-22788-77]] ([[User talk:~2026-22788-77|talk]]) to last version by 104.243.162.151 8194732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandria''' is a town in [[Grafton County, New Hampshire|Grafton County]], [[New Hampshire]], [[United States]]. {{Grafton County, New Hampshire}} [[Category:Towns in New Hampshire]] {{US-geo-stub}} sm42bvtty1to20l3inwhu5snoc18z4a 0 932407 10882749 10860630 2026-06-09T23:55:20Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox F1 driver | name = Valtteri Bottas | image = F12019 Schloss Gabelhofen (20) (cropped).jpg | image size = | caption = Bottas in 2019 | nationality = {{flagicon|FIN}} Finnish | birth_name = Valtteri Viktor Bottas | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|8|28|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/valtteri-bottas.html|title=Valtteri Bottas|website=Formula1.com|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date= 24 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224033649/https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/valtteri-bottas.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Nastola]], Finland | current_team = [[Cadillac]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers |title=F1 Drivers 2026 |publisher=[[Formula 1]] |date=1 March 2026}}</ref> | Car number = 77 | Races = {{F1stat|BOT|entries}} ({{F1stat|BOT|starts}} starts) | Championships = 0 | Wins = {{F1stat|BOT|wins}} | Podiums = {{F1stat|BOT|podiums}} | Points = {{F1stat|BOT|careerpoints}} | Poles = {{F1stat|BOT|poles}} | Fastest laps = {{F1stat|BOT|fastestlaps}} | First race = [[2013 Australian Grand Prix]] | First win = [[2017 Russian Grand Prix]] | Last win = [[2021 Turkish Grand Prix]] | Last race = {{Latest F1GP}} | Last season = 2024 | Last position = 22nd (0 pts) }} '''Valtteri Viktor Bottas'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nastolan kunnantalo, kunnanhallituksen kokoushuone - PDF Ilmainen lataus|url=https://docplayer.fi/34927925-Nastolan-kunnantalo-kunnanhallituksen-kokoushuone.html|website=docplayer.fi|access-date=2022-05-28|archive-date=2020-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705212820/https://docplayer.fi/34927925-Nastolan-kunnantalo-kunnanhallituksen-kokoushuone.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ({{IPA-fi|ˈʋɑltːeɾi ˈbotːɑs}}; born 28 August 1989) is a Finnish motor racing driver currently competing in [[Formula 1|Formula One]] for Cadillac, having previously driven for Alfa Romeo, Mercedes from {{F1|2017}} to {{F1|2021}} and [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] from {{F1|2013}} to {{F1|2016}}. Bottas has scored {{F1stat|BOT|wins}} race wins and {{F1stat|BOT|podiums}} podiums. He contributed to five constructors championship wins for Mercedes, and has been drivers' championship runner-up twice, in {{F1|2019}} and {{F1|2020}}. == Formula One == [[File:Valtteri_Bottas_2013_Malaysia_FP1.jpg|thumb|Bottas during practice at the 2013 Malaysian Grand Prix]] Bottas returned to racing in 2013, as he was chosen as the teammate of [[Pastor Maldonado]] at [[WilliamsF1|Williams-Renault]] for the {{F1|2013}} season.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Elizalde|first=Pablo|date=28 November 2012|title=Williams confirms Valtteri Bottas and Pastor Maldonado for 2013|work=autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104630|access-date=28 November 2012}}</ref> On 8 June 2013, Bottas qualified in 3rd position at the Canadian Grand Prix behind [[Sebastian Vettel]] (1st), and [[Lewis Hamilton]] (2nd).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beer|first=Matt|date=8 June 2013|title=Canadian GP: Vettel claims pole in rain-hit session|work=Autosport.com|publisher=Haymarket|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/107950|access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref> He scored his first points finish at the United States Grand Prix when he came 8th. This result allowed Bottas to finish ahead of Maldonado in the [[2013 Formula One World Championship|Drivers' Championship]]. === Mercedes (2017–2021) === [[File:Valtteri_Bottas_(35871616600).jpg|right|thumb|Bottas racing for Mercedes, 2017]] In January 2017 Mercedes said that they signed Bottas for the [[2017 Formula One World Championship|2017 season]] to partner Lewis Hamilton, replacing the 2016 World Champion Nico Rosberg who retired from the sport.<ref name="mercedes">{{Cite web|last=Barretto|first=Lawrence|date=16 January 2017|title=Valtteri Bottas joins Mercedes for F1 2017, Felipe Massa to Williams|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/127757/bottas-to-mercedes-massa-returns-to-williams|access-date=16 January 2017|website=Autosport.com}}</ref> Bottas came 3rd in his first race as a Mercedes driver, the 2017 Australian Grand Prix, behind [[Sebastian Vettel]] and Lewis Hamilton. == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bottas, Valtteri}} [[Category:Finnish racecar drivers]] [[Category:Formula One drivers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Lahti]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1989 births]] 339h4a84uehe96hcz17ax02brg0e8ig 10 938846 10882979 10808958 2026-06-10T06:58:09Z Grufo 990800 Update the documentation 10882979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Params}} This documentation box informs that a template is a wrapper of another template == Usage == '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Family name footnote}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Family name explanation | except =</nowiki> type -> footnote // reftype -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{reftype|efn}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Family name explanation | except = type -> footnote // reftype -> <nowiki>{{{reftype|efn}}}</nowiki> }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Bts}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Station link | except =</nowiki> MBTA // <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> | any-left = }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} or, equivalently, {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Station link | except =</nowiki> 1 -> MBTA // 2 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // 3 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // 4 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> | any-left = }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Station link | except = 1 -> MBTA // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Don't ping}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Please ping | except =</nowiki> 1 -> no<nowiki> | omitting =</nowiki> tps // nw // big // thanks // cond<nowiki> | any-left = }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Please ping | except = 1 -> no | omitting = tps // nw // big // thanks // cond | any-left = }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Tanakhverse}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Bibleverse | except =</nowiki> 3 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{3|HE}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> | omitting =</nowiki> 4 // 5<nowiki> }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Bibleverse | except = 3 -> <nowiki>{{{3|HE}}}</nowiki> | omitting = 4 // 5 }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext:''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Debug}}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Debug}} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> == Template data == <templatedata>{ "description": "This documentation box informs that a template is a wrapper of another template.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Template", "description": "Name of the wrapped template", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Please ping" }, "except": { "label": "Bound parameters", "description": "The list of pre-assigned parameters; use ‘//’ to separate them and ‘->’ to assign them a value—see ‘|separator=’ and ‘|setter=’ to set other strings", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "1 -> no" }, "omitting": { "label": "Undefined parameters", "description": "The list of parameters left undefined; use ‘//’ to separate them—see ‘|separator=’ to set another string", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "tps // nw // big // thanks // cond" }, "any-left": { "label": "Any left", "description": "The list of parameters left available; use ‘//’ to separate them—see ‘|separator=’ to set another string", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "lorem // ipsum // foo // bar" }, "separator": { "label": "Separator string", "description": "The string to use as separator between parameters", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "//", "example": ";" }, "setter": { "label": "Setter string", "description": "The string to use as value setter", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "->", "example": ":" } } }</templatedata> == See also == * [[:Category:Wrapper templates]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> [[Category:Wikipedia templates]] [[Category:Wrapper templates|!]] }}</includeonly> t5bj78rvsqrv2yp6pbkwepsr7lfr9ru 10882986 10882979 2026-06-10T07:21:20Z Grufo 990800 10882986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Params}} This documentation box informs that a template is a wrapper of another template == Usage == '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Family name footnote}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Family name explanation | except =</nowiki> type -> footnote // reftype -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{reftype|efn}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Family name explanation | except = type -> footnote // reftype -> <nowiki>{{{reftype|efn}}}</nowiki> }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Bts}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Station link | except =</nowiki> MBTA // <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> | any-left = }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} or, equivalently, {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Station link | except =</nowiki> 1 -> MBTA // 2 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // 3 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki> // 4 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> | any-left = }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Station link | except = 1 -> MBTA // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Don't ping}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Please ping | except =</nowiki> 1 -> no<nowiki> | omitting =</nowiki> tps // nw // big // thanks // cond<nowiki> | any-left = }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Please ping | except = 1 -> no | omitting = tps // nw // big // thanks // cond | any-left = }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext (see {{Tl|Tanakhverse}}):''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Bibleverse | except =</nowiki> 3 -> <<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki>{{{3|HE}}}</nowiki></<nowiki />nowiki><nowiki> | omitting =</nowiki> 4 // 5<nowiki> }}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Bibleverse | except = 3 -> <nowiki>{{{3|HE}}}</nowiki> | omitting = 4 // 5 }} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> '''Wikitext:''' {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}<nowiki>|Debug}}</nowiki>|lang=wikitext}} '''Effect:''' {{ {{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|demo=yes|Debug}} <div style="width: 100%; height: 2em;"></div> == Template data == <templatedata>{ "description": "This documentation box informs that a template is a wrapper of another template.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Template", "description": "Name of the wrapped template", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Please ping" }, "except": { "label": "Bound parameters", "description": "The list of pre-assigned parameters; use ‘//’ to separate them and ‘->’ to assign them a value—see ‘|separator=’ and ‘|setter=’ to set other strings", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "1 -> no" }, "omitting": { "label": "Undefined parameters", "description": "The list of parameters left undefined; use ‘//’ to separate them—see ‘|separator=’ to set another string", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "tps // nw // big // thanks // cond" }, "any-left": { "label": "Any left", "description": "The list of parameters left available to use; use ‘//’ to separate them—see ‘|separator=’ to set another string; provide a blank parameter to signal that no parameters are left available", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "lorem // ipsum // foo // bar" }, "separator": { "label": "Separator string", "description": "The string to use as separator between parameters", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "//", "example": ";" }, "setter": { "label": "Setter string", "description": "The string to use as value setter", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "->", "example": ":" } } }</templatedata> == See also == * [[:Category:Wrapper templates]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- Categories below this line --> [[Category:Wikipedia templates]] [[Category:Wrapper templates|!]] }}</includeonly> rcy2172hem5wfp3qg0bmfxtosq4qxft 0 945184 10882679 10568200 2026-06-09T21:33:03Z GTACNTxWeazelTV 1819305 10882679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|PTV-4|the television network|People's Television Network}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DWGT-DTV (PTV-4 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] | logo = People's Televsion Network Incorporated (PTV).svg | logo_size = | branding = ''PTV-4 Manila'' | logo_caption ='''"Ang Pambansang TV sa Bagong Pilipinas"''' | analog = 4 ([[VHF]]) | digital = 14 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB|ISDB-T]]'') (test broadcast) | virtual = 4.01 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations = {{plainlist| * '''4.01:''' [[People's Television Network|PTV]] * '''4.02:''' PTV Sports * '''4.03:''' Radyo Pilipinas - Radyo Publiko }} | founded = {{Start date and age|1974|02|02}} | location = [[Metro Manila]] | owner = [[People's Television Network|People's Television Network, Inc.]] | sister_stations = [[DZKB-TV]] ([[RPN-9]]) <br> [[DZTV-TV]] ([[IBC-13]]) <br> [[DZRB-AM|DZRB Radyo Pilipinas 1 738]] <br> [[DZSR|DZSR Radyo Pilipinas 2 918]] <br> [[DZRM|DZRM 1278]] <br> [[DWFO|87.5 Republika FM1]] <br> [[DWFT|104.3 Capital FM2]]<br> [[Radyo Pilipinas Worldwide]] ([[Philippine Broadcasting Service]]) (radio format) | callsign_meaning = '''DW'''<br>'''G'''overnment<br>'''T'''elevision (former branding) | former_callsigns = DZFM-TV (1961-1972)<br>DZXL-TV (1969-1972) | former_channel_numbers = '''Analog:'''<br>10 (1961-1972)<br>'''Digital:'''<br>48 (UHF) (2009–2015) <br>42 (UHF) (2015–2021) | former_affiliations = [[Philippine Broadcasting Service|PBS]] (1961) <br>[[ABS-CBN]] (1969-1972) <ref name="scdecision">{{cite web |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/47364 |title=G.R. No. 133347 |access-date=July 3, 2017 |date=October 15, 2008 |website=Supreme Court E-Library}}</ref> | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = Analog: 50 kW <br> Digital: 10 kW | erp = Analog: 500 kW<br> Digital: 25 kW | coordinates = {{coord|14|39|16|N|121|2|45|E|type:landmark}} | website = [https://www.ptni.gov.ph/ www.ptni.gov.ph] }} '''DWGT–TV''' (VHF channel 4) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the government–owned People's Television Network, Inc. The digital service is known as '''DWGT-DTV''' by only a few people. The station maintains studios and hybrid analog/digital transmitting facility at Broadcast Complex, Visayas Avenue, Brgy. Vasra, Diliman, Quezon City. ==Digital television== ===Digital channels=== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> DWGT-TV broadcasts its digital signal on UHF Channel 14 (473.143&nbsp;MHz) and is multiplexed into the following subchannels: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |-ABS ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming !Note |- | 4.01 | [[1080i]] | rowspan="4" |[[16:9 aspect ratio|16:9]] | PTV HD1 | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] <small>(Main DWGT-TV programming)</small> | rowspan="3" | Commercial Broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | 4.02 | rowspan=2|[[480i]] | PTV SD1 | PTV Sports |- | 4.03 | PTV SD2 | Radyo Pilipinas - Radyo Publiko |- | 4.31 | [[240p]] | PTV 1seg | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[1seg]] |- |} Prior to its current DTT channel frequency, PTV was previously using the UHF Channel 48 frequency (677.143&nbsp;MHz; now being used by [[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] to broadcast [[DZCE-TV|Iglesia ni Cristo Television (INCTV)]] on analog TV) from its beginning of digital test transmission until the first half of 2015, while TV5 (through its affiliate [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]]) was using UHF Channel 42 before it discontinued. Later on September 7, 2015, PTV moved to UHF Channel 42 frequency (641.143&nbsp;MHz) until July 15, 2021. NTC released implementing rules and regulations on the re-allocation of the UHF Channels 14-20 (470–512 Megahertz (MHz) band) for digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) service. All operating and duly authorized Mega Manila VHF (very high frequency) television networks are entitled to a channel assignment from Channels 14 to 20. On July 16, 2021, PTV began to transmit its digital test broadcast on UHF Channel 14 (473.143&nbsp;MHz) as its permanent frequency assigned by NTC. In addition, the government's official news agency ([[Philippine News Agency|PNA]]) is planning to launch its own dedicated news channel on PTV's digital subchannel. Eventually, it launched a late-night newscast called '''PNA Newsroom''' airing every midnight on PTV. == Areas of Coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] === Secondary Areas === * [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== *[[People's Television Network]] *[[List of People's Television Network stations and channels]] *[[Philippine Broadcasting Service]] *[[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1 738]] *[[DZSR|Radyo Pilipinas Dos 918]] ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm| title = what's the story, pinoy tv?| access-date = October 20, 2006| author = Anastacio & Badiola|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908073707/http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm|archive-date=September 8, 2005}} *''Para sa Bayan: Ang Kwento ng PTV'' [Documentary] (2017). Philippines: People's Television Network {{Metro Manila TV}} {{S-start}} {{succession box | before = [[DZXL-TV]]<br>(1969–1972) | title = DWGT-TV | years = (1974–present) | after = Incumbent }} {{S-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dwgt-Tv}} [[Category:Filipino television stations]] kbxrn7iprgtjydhneo5c10t54ud28ht 10883054 10882679 2026-06-10T10:17:02Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/GTACNTxWeazelTV|GTACNTxWeazelTV]] ([[User talk:GTACNTxWeazelTV|talk]]) to last version by ~2025-28677-91 10568200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|PTV-4|the television network|People's Television Network}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DWGT-DTV (PTV-4 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] | logo = People's Televsion Network Incorporated (PTV).svg | logo_size = | branding = ''PTV-4 Manila'' | logo_caption ='''"Ang Pambansang TV sa Bagong Pilipinas"''' | analog = 4 ([[VHF]]) | digital = 14 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB|ISDB-T]]'') (test broadcast) | virtual = 4.01 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations = {{plainlist| * '''4.01:''' [[People's Television Network|PTV]] * '''4.02:''' PTV Sports * '''4.03:''' Radyo Pilipinas - Radyo Publiko }} | founded = {{Start date and age|1974|02|02}} | location = [[Metro Manila]] | owner = [[People's Television Network|People's Television Network, Inc.]] | sister_stations = [[DZTV-TV]] ([[IBC-13]]) <br> [[DZRB-AM|DZRB Radyo Pilipinas 1 738]] <br> [[DZSR|DZSR Radyo Pilipinas 2 918]] <br> [[DZRM|DZRM 1278]] <br> [[DWFO|87.5 Republika FM1]] <br> [[DWFT|104.3 Capital FM2]]<br> [[Radyo Pilipinas Worldwide]] ([[Philippine Broadcasting Service]]) (radio format) | callsign_meaning = '''DW'''<br>'''G'''overnment<br>'''T'''elevision (former branding) | former_callsigns = DZFM-TV (1961-1972)<br>DZXL-TV (1969-1972) | former_channel_numbers = '''Analog:'''<br>10 (1961-1972)<br>'''Digital:'''<br>48 (UHF) (2009–2015) <br>42 (UHF) (2015–2021) | former_affiliations = [[Philippine Broadcasting Service|PBS]] (1961) <br>[[ABS-CBN]] (1969-1972) <ref name="scdecision">{{cite web |url=http://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/47364 |title=G.R. No. 133347 |access-date=July 3, 2017 |date=October 15, 2008 |website=Supreme Court E-Library}}</ref> | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = Analog: 50 kW <br> Digital: 10 kW | erp = Analog: 500 kW<br> Digital: 25 kW | coordinates = {{coord|14|39|16|N|121|2|45|E|type:landmark}} | website = [https://www.ptni.gov.ph/ www.ptni.gov.ph] }} '''DWGT–TV''' (VHF channel 4) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the government–owned People's Television Network, Inc. The digital service is known as '''DWGT-DTV''' by only a few people. The station maintains studios and hybrid analog/digital transmitting facility at Broadcast Complex, Visayas Avenue, Brgy. Vasra, Diliman, Quezon City. ==Digital television== ===Digital channels=== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> DWGT-TV broadcasts its digital signal on UHF Channel 14 (473.143&nbsp;MHz) and is multiplexed into the following subchannels: {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |-ABS ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming !Note |- | 4.01 | [[1080i]] | rowspan="4" |[[16:9 aspect ratio|16:9]] | PTV HD1 | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] <small>(Main DWGT-TV programming)</small> | rowspan="3" | Commercial Broadcast (10&nbsp;kW) |- | 4.02 | rowspan=2|[[480i]] | PTV SD1 | PTV Sports |- | 4.03 | PTV SD2 | Radyo Pilipinas - Radyo Publiko |- | 4.31 | [[240p]] | PTV 1seg | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] | [[1seg]] |- |} Prior to its current DTT channel frequency, PTV was previously using the UHF Channel 48 frequency (677.143&nbsp;MHz; now being used by [[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]] to broadcast [[DZCE-TV|Iglesia ni Cristo Television (INCTV)]] on analog TV) from its beginning of digital test transmission until the first half of 2015, while TV5 (through its affiliate [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]]) was using UHF Channel 42 before it discontinued. Later on September 7, 2015, PTV moved to UHF Channel 42 frequency (641.143&nbsp;MHz) until July 15, 2021. NTC released implementing rules and regulations on the re-allocation of the UHF Channels 14-20 (470–512 Megahertz (MHz) band) for digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) service. All operating and duly authorized Mega Manila VHF (very high frequency) television networks are entitled to a channel assignment from Channels 14 to 20. On July 16, 2021, PTV began to transmit its digital test broadcast on UHF Channel 14 (473.143&nbsp;MHz) as its permanent frequency assigned by NTC. In addition, the government's official news agency ([[Philippine News Agency|PNA]]) is planning to launch its own dedicated news channel on PTV's digital subchannel. Eventually, it launched a late-night newscast called '''PNA Newsroom''' airing every midnight on PTV. == Areas of Coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] === Secondary Areas === * [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== *[[People's Television Network]] *[[List of People's Television Network stations and channels]] *[[Philippine Broadcasting Service]] *[[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1 738]] *[[DZSR|Radyo Pilipinas Dos 918]] ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm| title = what's the story, pinoy tv?| access-date = October 20, 2006| author = Anastacio & Badiola|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908073707/http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm|archive-date=September 8, 2005}} *''Para sa Bayan: Ang Kwento ng PTV'' [Documentary] (2017). Philippines: People's Television Network {{Metro Manila TV}} {{S-start}} {{succession box | before = [[DZXL-TV]]<br>(1969–1972) | title = DWGT-TV | years = (1974–present) | after = Incumbent }} {{S-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dwgt-Tv}} [[Category:Filipino television stations]] geticx00s72ymwzbc87ao3lmlr3l1ag 0 945187 10882664 10562042 2026-06-09T21:18:01Z ~2026-34233-98 1819312 10882664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more citations needed|date=September 2016}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DZKB-TV (RPN TV-9/RPTV Channel 9 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] (via unclear signal/analog/digital/studio) <br> [[Mandaluyong]] <br> [[Antipolo]] (digital) | location = [[Metro Manila]] | country = Philippines | logo = [[File:RPN-TV logo.svg|150px]] ---- [[File:RPTV (2024).svg|150px]] | branding = ''RPN TV-9/RPTV Channel 9 Manila'' | logo_caption = | analog = 9 ([[VHF]]) | digital = 19 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB-T International|ISDB-Tb]]'') (''Test Broadcast'') | virtual = 19 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations = [[RPTV]] | owner = [[Radio Philippines Network]] | operator =TV5 Network, Inc. | sister_stations = | founded = {{Start date and age|1969|10|15}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-Television-Factbook-IDX/IDX/Factbook/70/TV-Factbook-1970-OCR-Page-1054.pdf |title=International TV Directory |publisher=TV Factbook |date=1970 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = '''Analog''': 60,000 watts (50 kW on-operational power output) <br> '''Digital''': 5,000 watts | erp = '''Analog''': 500 kW <br> '''Digital''': 10,000 watts | callsign_meaning = '''DZ'''<br />'''K'''anlaon<br />'''B'''roadcasting System | former_affiliations = [[Radio Philippines Network|KBS]] (1969-1975)<br>[[Radio Philippines Network|NV9]] (1989-1994)<br>[[C/S|C/S 9]] (2008-2009)<br>[[Solar TV]] (2009-2011)<br>[[SolarFlix|ETC]] (2011-2013)<br>[[Solar News Channel]] (2013-2014)<br>[[9TV]] (2014-2015)<br>[[CNN Philippines ]](2015-2024) | coordinates = {{Coord|14|38|18|N|121|1|47|E|type:landmark}} {{coord|14|34|39|N|121|10|5|E|type:landmark}} | website = |licensee=<small>[[Nine Media Corporation]]}} '''DZKB–TV''' (channel 9) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the Radio Philippines Network. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside the sister channel RPTV flagship DWKB-TV on digital channel 5.2 & 9.2. Both stations share studios and maintains an analog transmitter at the RPN Compound, #97 Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon City, Metro Manila; and its digital transmitter is located at Crestview Heights Subdivision, Brgy. San Roque, Antipolo City, Rizal, on a tower site formerly owned by Progressive Broadcasting Corporation. ==Digital channels== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA. --> UHF Channel 19 (503.143&nbsp;MHz) {| class="wikitable" ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Notes |- | 9.01 | [[1080i]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] | RPTV HD | rowspan="2" | [[Radio Philippines Network|RPTV]] | Test broadcast |- | 9.33 | [[240p]] | RPTV 1Seg | [[1Seg]] |- |} == Areas of coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] === Secondary areas === * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== *[[List of Radio Philippines Network affiliate stations]] == References == {{reflist}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm |title=what's the story, pinoy tv? |access-date=August 23, 2006 |author=Anastacio & Badiola |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908073707/http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm |archive-date=September 8, 2005 |url-status=dead}} {{Metro Manila TV}} [[Category:Radio Philippines Network]] [[Category:Filipino television stations]] kqyzgx405e18w7tbvassysr95cwtmxs 10882674 10882664 2026-06-09T21:31:28Z GTACNTxWeazelTV 1819305 10882674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more citations needed|date=September 2016}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DZKB-TV (RPN TV-9/RPTV Channel 9 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] (via unclear signal/analog/digital/studio) <br> [[Mandaluyong]] <br> [[Antipolo]] (digital) | location = [[Metro Manila]] | country = Philippines | logo = [[File:RPN-TV logo.svg|150px]] ---- [[File:RPTV (2024).svg|150px]] | branding = ''RPN TV-9/RPTV Channel 9 Manila'' | logo_caption = | analog = 9 ([[VHF]]) | digital = 19 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB-T International|ISDB-Tb]]'') (''Test Broadcast'') | virtual = 19 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations = [[RPTV]] | owner = [[Radio Philippines Network]] | operator =TV5 Network, Inc. | sister_stations = | founded = {{Start date and age|1969|10|15}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-Television-Factbook-IDX/IDX/Factbook/70/TV-Factbook-1970-OCR-Page-1054.pdf |title=International TV Directory |publisher=TV Factbook |date=1970 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = '''Analog''': 60,000 watts (50 kW on-operational power output) <br> '''Digital''': 5,000 watts | erp = '''Analog''': 500 kW <br> '''Digital''': 10,000 watts | callsign_meaning = '''DZ'''<br />'''K'''anlaon<br />'''B'''roadcasting System | sister_stations = [[DWGT-TV]] ([[People's Television Network|PTV]]) <br> [[DZTV-TV]] ([[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC]]) | former_affiliations = [[Radio Philippines Network|KBS]] (1969-1975)<br>[[Radio Philippines Network|NV9]] (1989-1994)<br>[[C/S|C/S 9]] (2008-2009)<br>[[Solar TV]] (2009-2011)<br>[[SolarFlix|ETC]] (2011-2013)<br>[[Solar News Channel]] (2013-2014)<br>[[9TV]] (2014-2015)<br>[[CNN Philippines ]](2015-2024) | coordinates = {{Coord|14|38|18|N|121|1|47|E|type:landmark}} {{coord|14|34|39|N|121|10|5|E|type:landmark}} | website = |licensee=<small>[[Nine Media Corporation]]}} '''DZKB–TV''' (channel 9) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the Radio Philippines Network. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside the sister channel RPTV flagship DWKB-TV on digital channel 5.2 & 9.2. Both stations share studios and maintains an analog transmitter at the RPN Compound, #97 Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon City, Metro Manila; and its digital transmitter is located at Crestview Heights Subdivision, Brgy. San Roque, Antipolo City, Rizal, on a tower site formerly owned by Progressive Broadcasting Corporation. ==Digital channels== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA. --> UHF Channel 19 (503.143&nbsp;MHz) {| class="wikitable" ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Notes |- | 9.01 | [[1080i]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] | RPTV HD | rowspan="2" | [[Radio Philippines Network|RPTV]] | Test broadcast |- | 9.33 | [[240p]] | RPTV 1Seg | [[1Seg]] |- |} == Areas of coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] === Secondary areas === * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== *[[List of Radio Philippines Network affiliate stations]] == References == {{reflist}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm |title=what's the story, pinoy tv? |access-date=August 23, 2006 |author=Anastacio & Badiola |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908073707/http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm |archive-date=September 8, 2005 |url-status=dead}} {{Metro Manila TV}} [[Category:Radio Philippines Network]] [[Category:Filipino television stations]] nicv2vu3ghc4a7psovq4nrf4sb634ru 10883050 10882674 2026-06-10T10:16:31Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 Revert 10883050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more citations needed|date=September 2016}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DZKB-TV (RPN TV-9/RPTV Channel 9 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] (via unclear signal/analog/digital/studio) <br> [[Mandaluyong]] <br> [[Antipolo]] (digital) | location = [[Metro Manila]] | country = Philippines | logo = [[File:RPN-TV logo.svg|150px]] ---- [[File:RPTV (2024).svg|150px]] | branding = ''RPN TV-9/RPTV Channel 9 Manila'' | logo_caption = | analog = 9 ([[VHF]]) | digital = 19 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB-T International|ISDB-Tb]]'') (''Test Broadcast'') | virtual = 19 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations = [[RPTV]] | owner = [[Radio Philippines Network]] | operator =TV5 Network, Inc. | sister_stations = | founded = {{Start date and age|1969|10|15}}<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Annuals/Archive-Television-Factbook-IDX/IDX/Factbook/70/TV-Factbook-1970-OCR-Page-1054.pdf |title=International TV Directory |publisher=TV Factbook |date=1970 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = '''Analog''': 60,000 watts (50 kW on-operational power output) <br> '''Digital''': 5,000 watts | erp = '''Analog''': 500 kW <br> '''Digital''': 10,000 watts | callsign_meaning = '''DZ'''<br />'''K'''anlaon<br />'''B'''roadcasting System | former_affiliations = [[Radio Philippines Network|KBS]] (1969-1975)<br>[[Radio Philippines Network|NV9]] (1989-1994)<br>[[C/S|C/S 9]] (2008-2009)<br>[[Solar TV]] (2009-2011)<br>[[SolarFlix|ETC]] (2011-2013)<br>[[Solar News Channel]] (2013-2014)<br>[[9TV]] (2014-2015)<br>[[CNN Philippines ]](2015-2024) | coordinates = {{Coord|14|38|18|N|121|1|47|E|type:landmark}} {{coord|14|34|39|N|121|10|5|E|type:landmark}} | website = |licensee=<small>[[Nine Media Corporation]]}} '''DZKB–TV''' (channel 9) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the Radio Philippines Network. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside the sister channel RPTV flagship DWKB-TV on digital channel 5.2 & 9.2. Both stations share studios and maintains an analog transmitter at the RPN Compound, #97 Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon City, Metro Manila; and its digital transmitter is located at Crestview Heights Subdivision, Brgy. San Roque, Antipolo City, Rizal, on a tower site formerly owned by Progressive Broadcasting Corporation. ==Digital channels== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA. --> UHF Channel 19 (503.143&nbsp;MHz) {| class="wikitable" ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Notes |- | 9.01 | [[1080i]] | rowspan="2" | [[16:9]] | RPTV HD | rowspan="2" | [[Radio Philippines Network|RPTV]] | Test broadcast |- | 9.33 | [[240p]] | RPTV 1Seg | [[1Seg]] |- |} == Areas of coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] === Secondary areas === * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== *[[List of Radio Philippines Network affiliate stations]] == References == {{reflist}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm |title=what's the story, pinoy tv? |access-date=August 23, 2006 |author=Anastacio & Badiola |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050908073707/http://www.geocities.com/pinoytv/index.htm |archive-date=September 8, 2005 |url-status=dead}} {{Metro Manila TV}} [[Category:Filipino television stations]] ekeqanvbxibymz0ak6wcqgi7cm5yb7d 0 945190 10882676 10839625 2026-06-09T21:32:24Z GTACNTxWeazelTV 1819305 10882676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced|date=December 2023}} {{redirect|IBC-13|the television network|Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation}} {{about|the flagship station of [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] (IBC) in [[Metro Manila]]|the radio station|DZTV-AM|other uses|DZTV (disambiguation){{!}}DZTV}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DZTV-TV (IBC TV-13 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] | country = | logo = | branding = ''IBC TV-13 Manila'' | logo_caption = | analog = 13 ([[Very high frequency|VHF]]) | digital = 17 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]]) ''([[ISDB|ISDB-T]])'' (test broadcast) | virtual = 13.01 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations. = {{plainlist| * '''13.01:''' IBC 13 * '''13.02:''' Congress TV * '''13.03:''' DWAN 1206 AM }} | location = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines | affiliations = | owner = [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | airdate = {{Start date and age|1960|3|1}} | last_airdate = | callsign_meaning = '''DZ'''<br>'''T'''ele <br> '''V'''ision | sister_stations =[[DWGT-TV]] ([[People's Television Network|PTV]]) <br> [[DZKB-TV]] ([[Radio Philippines Network|RPN]]) <br> [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 AM]] (Thirteen Media/ACI) | former_channel_numbers = '''Digital:'''<br>26 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]], 2017-2022) | former_callsigns = None | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = Analog: 50,000 watts <br> Digital: 3,000 watts | erp = Analog: 500,000 watts | coordinates = {{Coord|14|36|12.5|N|121|10|03.7|E|type:landmark}} | website = [https://www.ibctv13.com/ www.ibctv13.com] }} '''DZTV-TV''' (channel 13) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the IBC network. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside IBC Plus flagship DWDZ-TV (channel 47). Both stations share and maintains studios and broadcast facilities, along with its FM and AM radio stations 89 DMZ and DWAN 1206 AM, located at the IBC Compound, Lot 3-B, Capitol Hills Drive cor. Zuzuarregui Street, Brgy. Matandang Balara, Diliman, Quezon City, while DZTV-TV's hybrid analog and digital transmitting facilities are located at the IBC Central Tower, 125 St. Peter Street, Nuestra Señora de la Paz Subdivision, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Rizal (shared with DWDZ-TV, as well as DMZ flagship DZMZ 89.1 MHz). ==Digital channels== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> DZTV-TV's digital signal operates on UHF channel 17 (491.143&nbsp;MHz) and broadcasts on the following subchannels: {| class="wikitable" ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Note |- | 13.01 || rowspan="3"|[[1080i]] || rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] || IBC 13 || [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] {{small|(Main DZTV-TV programming)}} || rowspan="3" |Test Broadcast |- |13.02 |Congress TV |Congress TV |- |13.03 |DWAN 1206 AM |DWAN 1206 AM |} == Areas of Coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] ==== Secondary Areas ==== * Portion of [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== * [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] * [[List of Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation channels and stations]] * [[DWGT-TV|PTV 4]] * [[DZKB-TV|RPN 9]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Metro Manila TV}} {{S-start}} {{succession box | before = None | title = DZTV-TV | years = (1960–present) | after = Incumbent }} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dztv-Tv}} [[Category:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] {{tv-stub}} ck59rldyfywttyejlsv0lmgbr1f334n 10883053 10882676 2026-06-10T10:16:52Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/GTACNTxWeazelTV|GTACNTxWeazelTV]] ([[User talk:GTACNTxWeazelTV|talk]]) to last version by ~2026-26249-27 10839625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced|date=December 2023}} {{redirect|IBC-13|the television network|Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation}} {{about|the flagship station of [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] (IBC) in [[Metro Manila]]|the radio station|DZTV-AM|other uses|DZTV (disambiguation){{!}}DZTV}} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DZTV-TV (IBC TV-13 Manila) | city = [[Quezon City]] | country = | logo = | branding = ''IBC TV-13 Manila'' | logo_caption = | analog = 13 ([[Very high frequency|VHF]]) | digital = 17 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]]) ''([[ISDB|ISDB-T]])'' (test broadcast) | virtual = 13.01 | subchannels = [[#Digital channels|See list]] | affiliations. = {{plainlist| * '''13.01:''' IBC 13 * '''13.02:''' Congress TV * '''13.03:''' DWAN 1206 AM }} | location = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines | affiliations = | owner = [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] | airdate = {{Start date and age|1960|3|1}} | last_airdate = | callsign_meaning = '''DZ'''<br>'''T'''ele <br> '''V'''ision | sister_stations =[[DWGT-TV]] ([[PTV]]) <br> [[DWAN-AM|DWAN 1206 AM]] (Thirteen Media/ACI) | former_channel_numbers = '''Digital:'''<br>26 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]], 2017-2022) | former_callsigns = None | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission|NTC]] | power = Analog: 50,000 watts <br> Digital: 3,000 watts | erp = Analog: 500,000 watts | coordinates = {{Coord|14|36|12.5|N|121|10|03.7|E|type:landmark}} | website = [https://www.ibctv13.com/ www.ibctv13.com] }} '''DZTV-TV''' (channel 13) is a television station in Metro Manila, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the IBC network. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside IBC Plus flagship DWDZ-TV (channel 47). Both stations share and maintains studios and broadcast facilities, along with its FM and AM radio stations 89 DMZ and DWAN 1206 AM, located at the IBC Compound, Lot 3-B, Capitol Hills Drive cor. Zuzuarregui Street, Brgy. Matandang Balara, Diliman, Quezon City, while DZTV-TV's hybrid analog and digital transmitting facilities are located at the IBC Central Tower, 125 St. Peter Street, Nuestra Señora de la Paz Subdivision, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Rizal (shared with DWDZ-TV, as well as DMZ flagship DZMZ 89.1 MHz). ==Digital channels== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> DZTV-TV's digital signal operates on UHF channel 17 (491.143&nbsp;MHz) and broadcasts on the following subchannels: {| class="wikitable" ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Note |- | 13.01 || rowspan="3"|[[1080i]] || rowspan="3" | [[16:9]] || IBC 13 || [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC 13]] {{small|(Main DZTV-TV programming)}} || rowspan="3" |Test Broadcast |- |13.02 |Congress TV |Congress TV |- |13.03 |DWAN 1206 AM |DWAN 1206 AM |} == Areas of Coverage == === Primary areas === * [[Metro Manila]] * [[Cavite]] * [[Bulacan]] * [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] * [[Rizal]] ==== Secondary Areas ==== * Portion of [[Pampanga]] * Portion of [[Nueva Ecija]] * Portion of [[Tarlac]] * Portion of [[Zambales]] * Portion of [[Bataan]] * Portion of [[Batangas]] * Portion of [[Quezon]] ==Related pages== * [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] * [[List of Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation channels and stations]] * [[DWGT-TV|PTV 4]] * [[DZKB-TV|RPN 9]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Metro Manila TV}} {{S-start}} {{succession box | before = None | title = DZTV-TV | years = (1960–present) | after = Incumbent }} {{s-end}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dztv-Tv}} [[Category:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] {{tv-stub}} r0ziu3646o56wpvbkb2w5g46r7ms0p3 10 947792 10882976 10802390 2026-06-10T06:54:19Z Grufo 990800 The syntax of {{[[Template:Wrapper|Wrapper]]}} has changed 10882976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude/>Please ping|no}}<noinclude> {{Documentation|content= {{Wrapper|Please ping | except = 1 -> no | omitting = tps // nw // big // thanks // cond | any-left = }} }}</noinclude> nxxa56up0w2rqk93r2cxw2guwthbk9r 0 949430 10882929 10466882 2026-06-10T04:26:55Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg|Shri_Kambhampati_Hari_Babu.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No license since 2 June 2026. 10882929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Kambhampati Hari Babu | native_name = కంభంపాటి హరిబాబు | image = | image_upright = yes | caption = Official portrait, 2021 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1953|06|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Thimmasamudram, Prakasam district]], [[Madras State]] (now [[Andhra Pradesh]]), [[India]] | residence = [[Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar]] | office = 27th [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]] | 1blankname = [[President of India|President]] | 1namedata = [[Droupadi Murmu]] | 2blankname = [[List of chief ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister]] | 2namedata = [[Mohan Charan Majhi]] | term_start = 3 January 2025 | predecessor = [[Raghubar Das]] | office1 = 15th [[Governor of Mizoram]] | 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|Chief Minister}} | 1namedata1 = {{bulletlist|[[Zoramthanga]]|[[Lalduhoma]]}} | term_start1 = 6 November 2021 | term_end1 = 15 January 2025 | predecessor1 = [[B. D. Mishra]] (''additional charge'') | successor1 = [[V. K. Singh]] | term_start2 = 19 July 2021 | term_end2 = 10 August 2021 | 1blankname2 = {{nowrap|Chief Minister}} | 1namedata2 = [[Zoramthanga]] | predecessor2 = [[P. S. Sreedharan Pillai]] | successor2 = [[B. D. Mishra]] (''additional charge'') | office3 = 10th [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Andhra Pradesh|President of Bharatiya Janata Party, Andhra Pradesh]] | term_start3 = 2 June 2014 | term_end3 = 13 May 2018 | 1blankname3 = National President | 1namedata3 = [[Amit Shah]] | predecessor3 = [[Kishan Reddy]] | successor3 = [[Kanna Lakshminarayana]] | office4 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] | term_start4 = 16 May 2014 | term_end4 = 23 May 2019 | predecessor4 = [[Daggubati Purandeswari]] | successor4 = [[M. V. V. Satyanarayana]] | constituency4 = [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]] | office5 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]], [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Andhra Pradesh]] | term_start5 = 1999 | term_end5 = 2004 | predecessor5 = Abdul Rehman Shaik | successor5 = Dronamraju Satyanarayana | constituency5 = [[Visakhapatnam-I Assembly constituency|Visakhapatnam-I]] | spouse = Kambhampati Jayasree | relations = | alma_mater = [[Andhra University]] | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] | children = | website = | signature = | father = Venkateswarulu | mother = Seethamma }} '''Kambhampati Hari Babu''' (born 15 June 1953) is an Indian politician and the current [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]] since 2025. He was the [[Governor of Mizoram]] from 2021 until 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-06|title=Ahead of cabinet reshuffle, Thaawarchand Gehlot appointed as Karnataka Governor, Sreedharan Pillai as Goa Governor|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/president-appoints-governor-karnataka-haryana-goa-7391341/|access-date=2021-07-06|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> He was a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of Parliament]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Constituencywise-All Candidates|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0121.htm?ac=21|accessdate=17 May 2014|archive-date=17 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135121/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS0121.htm?ac=21|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Babu, Kambhampati Hari}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:1953 births]] [[Category:Governors of Mizoram]] [[Category:Governors of Odisha]] {{bio-stub}} m94gfdny8l7ozmcofm03macmqg7e2aq 0 951124 10882630 10505387 2026-06-09T20:41:26Z ~2026-27968-55 1819300 /* Government-owned television networks */ 10882630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|Philippine television|television stations broadcasting in the Philippines|List of analog television stations in the Philippines|and|List of digital television stations in the Philippines}} {{Use Philippine English|date=March 2022}}{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Multiple issues| {{self-published|date=November 2015}} {{more citations needed|date=August 2022}} }} '''Television in the Philippines''' was introduced in October 1953. ==Free-to-air television networks== ===Major television networks=== * '''[[GMA Network]]''': Launched on October 29, 1961, by American journalist [[Robert Stewart (entrepreneur)|Robert Stewart]] under the name Republic Broadcasting System (RBS), it was the fourth television station launched in the Philippines. The network was shut down on September 23, 1972 due to martial law but returned in December of the same year after it was allowed by the government. In 1974, RBS changed its name to GMA Radio-Television Arts after the takeover by the new management by the triumvirate composed of [[Gilberto Duavit Sr.]], Menardo Jimenez, and [[Felipe Gozon]]. It eventually became one of the top stations in the country. The network was rebranded as GMA Rainbow Satellite Network in 1992 before it adopted its current name GMA Network in 1995. * '''[[TV5 (Philippine TV channel)|TV5]]''': Launched in July 1962,<ref name="factbook">{{cite book|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1970-71-TV-Factbook/TV-Factbook-1970-71.pdf|chapter=International TV Directory|title=Television Factbook|publisher=Television Digest, Inc.|date=1970|page=1056|archive-date=March 9, 2021|access-date=May 14, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309025418/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1970-71-TV-Factbook/TV-Factbook-1970-71.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> by [[Chino Roces]] of ''[[The Manila Times]]'' as ABC, it was the seventh television station launched in the Philippines. On September 23, 1972, ABC was one of the networks forcefully shut down by then-President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] due to the implementation of martial law. On February 21, 1992, ABC returned to television and became the fastest-growing network. On August 9, 2008, the network was relaunched as TV5. The network is currently owned by [[PLDT]]'s media arm, [[MediaQuest Holdings]] of [[Manny Pangilinan|Manny V. Pangilinan]]. ===Pre-Major television networks=== * '''[[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]]''': On October 6, 2020, [[ABS-CBN]] entered an [[Local marketing agreement|blocktime agreement]] with [[ZOE Broadcasting Network]] that rebranded ZOE TV into [[A2Z (TV channel)|A2Z]] on October 10. The channel was available in [[Metro Manila]] and nearby provinces, and other cable and satellite providers including ABS-CBN's [[Sky Cable]]. The channel's programming included some of the ABS-CBN programs and movies and its other sister television networks, as well as feature content from ZOE TV's sister station [[DZOZ-DTV|Light TV]] and its content partners [[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN Asia]] and [[Trinity Broadcasting Network]]. * '''[[GTV (Philippine TV network)|GTV]]''': is a Philippine [[Terrestrial television|free-to-air]] [[Television broadcaster|television network]] owned and operated by [[DWDB-TV|Citynet Network Marketing and Productions Inc.]] It was launched on February 22, 2021, replacing [[GMA News TV]] on its flagship station, [[DWDB-TV|UHF Channel 27 Metro Manila]], and its provincial relay stations. * '''[[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]]''': is a Philippine free-to-air television channel operated by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc]]., a wholly owned subsidiary of [[MediaQuest Holdings|MediaQuest Holdings, Inc.]] media arm of [[PLDT]] Beneficial Trust Fund; on behalf of [[Nine Media Corporation]], the controlling owner of Radio Philippines Network (RPN), a subsidiary of the ALC Group of Companies. It was launched on February 1, 2024, replacing [[CNN Philippines]] on its flagship station. ===Speciality Major television networks=== * '''[[Tap Sports#Blast Sports|Blast Sports]]''' is a digital free-to-air sports-oriented channel of TAP Digital Media Ventures Corporation. It began its broadcast on BEAM TV's digital terrestrial broadcast nationwide on January 17, 2024 in soft launch mode. The new channel offers selected sporting events that also airs on TAP Sports and Premier Sports. * '''[[Heart of Asia Channel]]''': known on-air as '''Heart of Asia''', is a Philippine [[free-to-air]] television channel owned by [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] The channel was on test broadcast from June 12–28, 2020 and was officially launched on June 29, 2020. * '''[[I Heart Movies]]''': is a Philippine free-to-air television channel owned by [[GMA Network (company)|GMA Network Inc.]] The channel was on test broadcast from March 22, 2021, until March 31, 2021, and was officially launched on April 5, 2021. * '''[[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]]''': is a television station of TV5 Network Inc. with [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]] (NBC) as its primary content provider and was launched on March 8, 2020. One Sports serves as a sports channel for The 5 Network with its programs primarily produced by [[One Sports|its sports division of the same name]]. It was formerly called 5 Plus, when it was launched on January 13, 2019, and [[AksyonTV]], a Filipino-language news channel launched by TV5 in 2011–2019. * '''[[PRTV Prime Media]]''': (also known as Prime TV) is a Philippine free-to-air digital television channel owned by Prime Media Holdings thru Philippine Collective Media Corporation. It serves as the national extension of PCMC's PRTV brand, which is currently used on its regional television station in Tacloban. the channel began its test broadcast from May 27, 2024 until July 14, 2024 and was officially launched on July 15, 2024 on [[Broadcast Enterprises and Affiliated Media|BEAM TV]]'s digital subchannel broadcast featuring TeleRadyo Serbisyo (now as [[DZMM TeleRadyo]]) programming and a simulcast of [[ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs|ABS-CBN News]]' ''[[TV Patrol]]''. ===Government-owned television networks=== * '''[[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] (IBC)''' (100% majority share): is a Philippine-based media company and [[Very high frequency|VHF]] [[Television broadcaster|television network]] of the Government Communications Group under the [[Presidential Communications Office]] (PCO). IBC, along with sister stations [[Radio Philippines Network]] and sister media companies [[People's Television Network]] and [[Presidential Broadcast Service|Philippine Broadcasting Service]], forms the media arm of the PCO. Its studios, offices, and broadcast facilities are located at the IBC Compound, Lot 3-B, Capitol Hills Drive cor. Zuzuarregui Street, Barangay Matandang Balara, Diliman, [[Quezon City]]. * '''[[People's Television Network]] (PTV)''': is the flagship [[State media|state broadcaster]] owned by the [[Government of the Philippines]]. Founded on February 2, 1974, by Lito Gorospe and [[Francisco Tatad]], PTV is the main brand of '''People's Television Network, Inc. (PTNI)''', one of the attached agencies under the [[Presidential Communications Office]] (PCO). PTV, along with sister media companies [[Radio Philippines Network]] (minority-owned) and [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]], and radio network [[Presidential Broadcast Service|Philippine Broadcasting Service]], forms the media arm of the PCO. Its head office, [[studio]]s, and [[transmitter]] are located at Broadcast Complex, Visayas Avenue, Barangay Vasra, Diliman, [[Quezon City]]. * '''[[Radio Philippines Network]] (RPN)''' (20% minority share <small>(after ending 100% majority share in 2011)</small>; currently carries '''[[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]]'''): is a Filipino-based media company based in [[Quezon City]]. It is currently owned through a majority share by Nine Media Corporation of the ALC Group of Companies, along with the Government Communications Group under the [[Presidential Communications Office]] (PCO), and Far East Managers and Investors Inc., owned by the family of company founder [[Roberto Benedicto]] under the name Kanlaon Broadcasting System (KBS), among others, as major shareholders. RPN, along with sister stations [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] and sister media companies [[People's Television Network]] and [[Presidential Broadcast Service|Philippine Broadcasting Service]], forms the media arm of the PCO. The network's main offices and [[transmitter]] are located at RPN Compound, Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Diliman also in [[Quezon City]]. ===Minor television networks=== *'''[[Aliw Channel 23]]''': is a Philippine television network owned and operated by Aliw Broadcasting Corporation. The network broadcasts on UHF Channel 23 via digital terrestrial television in Metro Manila. *'''[[All TV]]''': is a TV station owned and operated by [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]] of businessman and former senator [[Manny Villar]]. Its broadcast facilities and studios are located at the Starmalls EDSA Complex, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, [[Mandaluyong|Mandaluyong City]]. * '''[[Net 25]]''': is a [[Television broadcaster|television network]] owned and operated by [[Eagle Broadcasting Corporation]] (EBC). EBC is owned by the key members of the independent Christian church, the [[Iglesia ni Cristo]]. The network is named for its flagship station in [[Metro Manila]], [[DZEC-DTV]], which is carried on UHF channel 28 on digital terrestrial TV and has carried by major cable operators in the country. The station's broadcast facilities are located at EBC Building #25 Central Ave., Barangay Culiat, New Era, [[Quezon City]]. * '''[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] (SBN)''' (currently carries '''[[SolarFlix]]'''): is a [[Mass media in the Philippines|Filipino-owned media company]] based [[Radio network|radio]] and [[Television broadcaster|television network]] based in [[Metro Manila]]. SBN is a subsidiary of [[Solar Entertainment|Solar Entertainment Corporation]], a Filipino-owned television company managed by the Tieng family. * '''[[UNTV]]''': is the flagship [[Television broadcaster|television network]] of the [[Progressive Broadcasting Corporation]] (known on air as UNTV-PBC). Together with [[Breakthrough and Milestones Productions International]] (known on air as UNTV-BMPI), the network's content provider and marketing arm and Christian religious organization [[Members Church of God International]] (MCGI), its major blocktimer. [[DWAO-TV]] is one of very few [[NTSC]]-System M stations in the world that broadcast on Ultra High Frequency (UHF) [[Channel 37]]. In 2019, UNTV transferred its studios from the old UNTV Building at 907 EDSA [[Quezon City]] to [[La Verdad Christian College]] (LVCC) Caloocan Building, 351 EDSA, Brgy. Bagong Barrio West, [[Caloocan]]. [[UNTV Transmitter|UNTV transmitter]] is located at Emerald Hills, [[Sumulong Highway]] in [[Antipolo]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]. The 16-storey [[UNTV Broadcast Center]], also referred to as The Millennial Tower and now called The Philippine Broadcast Hub along [[EDSA]] [[Philam, Quezon City|Philam]] is currently under construction to serve as its new headquarters. ===Religious television networks=== * '''[[Hope Channel Philippines]]''': ([[Seventh-day Adventist Church]], Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting) is a religious network of the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] in the Philippines. Its TV stations are owned by '''Gateway UHF Television Broadcasting''', while its radio stations are owned by Digital Broadcasting Corporation. Founded and launched on September 26, 2010, in the South Philippines (its main service broadcast provider). * '''[[DZCE-TV|INC TV]]''': ([[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]]) is the flagship [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] [[television station]] of [[Christian Era Broadcasting Service International]], a broadcast ministry of the independent Philippine Christian church, the [[Iglesia ni Cristo]]. INC TV studios and transmitters are located at Redeemer Street, Milton Hills Subdivision, Brgy. New Era, [[Quezon City]]. * '''[[ZOE Broadcasting Network|Light TV]]''': ([[Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide|Jesus Is Lord Church]]) is a UHF [[digital television]] station of ZOE Broadcasting Network. DZOZ-DTV studios are located on the 22nd Floor, Strata 2000 Bldg., Emerald Ave., [[Ortigas Center|Ortigas Center, Pasig]]. Its transmitter is located at ZOE Compound Center, Crestview Heights Subdivision, Barangay San Roque, [[Antipolo|Antipolo, Rizal]]. * '''[[Truth Channel]]''': (formerly known as '''Ang Dating Daan Television''' or '''ADDTV''') is a Philippine religious television network founded in 2014 as ADDTV and then launched on September 3, 2017, as Truth Channel. It is the flagship television network of the [[Members Church of God International]] (MCGI), together with [[UNTV|UNTV News and Rescue]], the network's carrier on free-to-air digital terrestrial television (DTT). It is known for its broadcast of ''[[Itanong mo kay Soriano]]'' and ''[[Ang Dating Daan]]'' hosted by International Televangelist Bro. [[Eli Soriano]] and Kuya [[Daniel Razon]]. It broadcasts 24 hours a day on [[Ultra high frequency|Ultra High Frequency]] (UHF) Channel 38 in Metro and Mega Manila, Rizal, Bulacan, Pampanga, Laguna, Cavite, and some parts of Tarlac. The Ang Dating Daan program also hold the [[Broadcast ministry of Members Church of God International|longest running religious program]] in the Philippines since 1983 when the program made its national television debut on IBC Channel 13. * '''[[TV Maria]]''': is a national [[Catholic Church in the Philippines|Catholic]] television channel broadcasting from Manila, [[Philippines]]. Owned by '''TV Maria Foundation Philippines''' (a non-profit, non-stock organization under the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines]] and the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila]]), it airs 24 hours a day and is currently available on major and provincial cable operators, on digital terrestrial television broadcasts via [[DZRJ-DTV|RJ Digital TV]]'s DTT subchannel in Mega Manila and GNN's DTT subchannel. ===Regional television networks=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[Bandera News Philippines|Bandera News TV]] (Palawan) * [[DXNS-TV|Bee TV]] (Butuan) * [[DXYM-TV|Brigada News TV]] (General Santos) * [[Central Luzon Television|CLTV]] (Central Luzon) * Davao Christian Bible Channel (Davao) * [[EMedia Productions|eMedia TV]] (Zamboanga) * [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|GBPI]] (Zamboanga) * [[DXJG-DTV|Jao TV]] (Cagayan de Oro) * Ranao TV (Marawi) * Tirad Pass Network (Candon) }} ==Most viewed channels== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" |- ! Position !! Channel !! Share of total viewing (%) |- | 1 || [[DZBB-TV|GMA Network]] || 47.6 |- | 2 || [[DWET-TV|TV5]] || 15.5 |- | 3 || [[DWDB-TV|GTV]] || 10.7 |- | 4 || [[DZOE-TV|A2Z]] || 8.3 |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Television in the Philippines}} {{tv-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Television in the Philippines}} [[Category:Filipino culture]] [[Category:Television by nationality|Philippine]] lai8ozzw0p4ep2timxrs4calzb860lk 0 951217 10882908 10881530 2026-06-10T03:51:36Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox IPA |ipa symbol=ç |x-sampa=C |kirshenbaum=C }} The '''voiceless palatal fricative''' is a sound used in some [[spoken language|spoken languages]]. It is not [[phonemic]] in [[English language|English]] but exists in most [[dialect|dialects]] as a way to say the cluster /hj/ and is the first sound in the word human. ==Characteristics== {{consonants|voiceless|palatal|fricative}} ==Examples== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes |- | colspan="2" | [[Blackfoot language|Blackfoot]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|bla|[[Canadian Aboriginal syllabics|ᖱᑊᖽᒧᐧᖿ]]}} / {{Transliteration|bla|i'''h'''kitsíkaa}} || {{IPA|[ɪçkit͡síkaː]}} || 'Seven' || Allophone of {{IPA|/x/}}. |- | rowspan="2" | [[Chinese language|Chinese]] || [[Taizhou dialect]] || {{lang|wuu|[[Chinese characters|嬉]]}} || {{IPA|[çi]}} || 'to play' || Corresponds to alveolo-palatal {{IPA|/ɕ/}} in other [[Wu Chinese|Wu]] dialects. |- |[[Meixian dialect]] |{{lang|hak|[[Chinese characters|香]]}} |{{IPA|[çʲɔŋ˦]}} |'fragrant' ||Corresponds to palatalized fricative {{IPA|/hj/}} in romanised as "hi-" or "hy-" [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] dialect writing. |- | [[Danish language|Danish]] || Standard{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=65–66}} || {{lang|da|[[Danish alphabet|p'''j'''aske]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈpçæskə]}} || 'splash' || May be alveolo-palatal {{IPAblink|ɕ}} instead.{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=65–66}} Before {{IPA|/j/}}, aspiration of {{IPA|/p, t, k/}} is realized as devoicing and fortition of {{IPA|/j/}}.{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=65–66}} Note, however, that the sequence {{IPA|/tj/}} is normally realized as an affricate {{IPAblink|t͡ɕ}}.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=148}} See [[Danish phonology]] |- | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Standard Northern{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=191}} || {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|wie'''g'''je]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈʋiçjə]}} || 'crib' || Allophone of {{IPA|/x/}} before {{IPA|/j/}} for some speakers.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=191}} See [[Dutch phonology]] |- | rowspan="3" | [[English language|English]] || [[Australian English|Australian]]{{sfnp|Cox|Fletcher|2017|p=159}} || rowspan="2" | [[English orthography|'''h'''ue]] || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[çʉː]}} || rowspan="2" | 'hue' || rowspan="2" | Phonetic realization of the sequence {{IPA|/hj/}}.{{sfnp|Cox|Fletcher|2017|p=159}}{{sfnp|Roach|2009|p=43}}<ref name="wells">{{citation|last=Wells|first=John C|author-link=John C. Wells|access-date=2016-03-13|title=A huge query|work=John Wells's phonetic blog|url=http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/blog0901.htm|date=2009-01-29|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121081256/https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/blog0901.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> See [[Australian English phonology]] and [[English phonology]] |- | [[British English|British]]{{sfnp|Roach|2009|p=43}}<ref name="wells"/> |- | [[Scouse]]{{sfnp|Watson|2007|p=353}} || [[English orthography|li'''k'''e]] || {{IPA|[laɪ̯ç] }} || 'like' || Allophone of {{IPA|/k/}}; ranges from palatal to uvular, depending on the preceding vowel.{{sfnp|Watson|2007|p=353}} See [[English phonology]] |- |colspan="2" |[[Estonian language|Estonian]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|et|[[Estonian orthography|vi'''h'''m]]}} || {{IPA|[viçm]}} || 'rain' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}}. See [[Estonian phonology]] |- |colspan="2" |[[Finnish language|Finnish]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|fi|[[Finnish orthography|vi'''h'''ko]]}} || {{IPA|[ʋiçko̞]}} || 'notebook' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}}. See [[Finnish phonology]] |- |[[French language|French]] || [[Parisian French|Parisian]]{{sfnp|Fagyal|Moisset|1999}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|merci]]}} || {{audio-IPA|LL-Q150 (fra)-Marie-Sarah (Opsylac)-merci.wav|[mɛʁ̥ˈsi̥ç]}} || 'thank you' || The close vowels {{IPA|/i, y, u/}} and the mid front {{IPA|/e, ɛ/}} at the end of utterances are often [[devoiced]].{{sfnp|Fagyal|Moisset|1999}} See [[French phonology#Devoicing|French phonology]] |- |colspan="2" | [[German language|German]] || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|ni'''ch'''t]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|De-nicht.ogg|[nɪçt]}} || 'not' || Traditionally allophone of {{IPA|/x/}}, or vice versa, but phonemic for some speakers who have both {{IPA|/aːx/}} and {{IPA|/aːç/}} (< {{IPA|/aʁç/}}). See {{slink|Standard German phonology#Ich-Laut and ach-Laut}}. |- |colspan="2" | [[Haida language|Haida]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|hai-Latn|'''x'''íl}} || {{IPA|[çɪ́l]}} ||'leaf' || |- |rowspan="2" | [[Hmong language|Hmong]] || White (Dawb) || rowspan="2" | {{script|Hmng|𖬗𖬰[[Pahawh Hmong|𖬧𖬰]]}} / {{lang|hmn-Latn|'''xy'''a}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ça˧]}} || rowspan="2" |'seven' || rowspan="2" | Corresponds to alveolo-palatal /ɕ/ in Dananshan dialect |- |Green (Njua) |- |colspan="2" | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]{{sfnp|Siptár|Törkenczy|2007|p=205}} || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|kap'''j''']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkɒpç]}} || 'get' ([[imperative mood|imperative]]) || Allophone of {{IPA|/j/}} between a voiceless obstruent and a word boundary. See [[Hungarian phonology]] |- |colspan="2" | [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] || {{lang|is|[[Icelandic orthography|'''h'''érna]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈçɛ(ɾ)tnä]}} || 'here' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}} near {{IPA|/j/}} and {{IPA|/i/}}.{{sfnp|Rögnvaldsson|2017|p=33, 37}} See [[Icelandic phonology]] |- |colspan="2" | [[Irish language|Irish]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|ga|[[Irish orthography|a '''Sh'''eáin]]}} || {{IPA|[ə çaːnʲ]}} || 'John' ([[Vocative case|voc.]]) || See [[Irish phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Japanese language|Japanese]]{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=118}} || {{lang|ja-Hani|[[kanji|日]]}} / {{Transliteration|ja|[[Romanization of Japanese|'''h'''i]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ja-Hi.oga|[çi]}} || 'day' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}} before {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}. See [[Japanese phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Kabyle language|Kabyle]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|kab|[[Berber Latin alphabet|'''ḵ'''til]]}} || {{IPA|[çtil]}} || 'to measure' || |- | colspan="2" | [[Korean language|Korean]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|ko-Hang|[[Hangul|힘]]}} / {{Transliteration|ko|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|'''h'''im]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ko-힘.ogg|[çim]}} || 'strength' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}} word-initially before {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}. See [[Korean phonology]] |- | [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]] || [[Mukomuko language|Mukomuko]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || ''loy'''h''''' || {{IPA|[lojç]}} || 'loose' || Allophone of /h/ after /i/, /oj/, and /uj/ in coda. |- | colspan="2" | [[Moksha language|Moksha]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|mdf|[[Moksha language|шал'''х'''ка]]}} || {{IPA|[ʃalçka]}} || 'nose' || |- | colspan="2" |[[Munichi language|Muniche]] | colspan="2" |{{IPA|[tʃaçu]}} |'plant stalk' |<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Michael |first=Lev |title=18 Muniche |date=2023-01-16 |work=Language Isolates II: Kanoé to Yurakaré |pages=851–892 |editor-last=Epps |editor-first=Patience |url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110432732-005/html |access-date=2025-09-17 |publisher=De Gruyter |doi=10.1515/9783110432732-005 |isbn=978-3-11-043273-2 |last2=Farmer |first2=Stephanie |last3=Finley |first3=Gregory |last4=Acosta |first4=Karina Sullón |last5=Beier |first5=Christine |last6=Icahuate |first6=Alexandra Chanchari |last7=Baneo |first7=Donalia Icahuate |last8=Saita |first8=Melchor Sinti |editor2-last=Michael |editor2-first=Lev|url-access=subscription }}</ref> |- | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || [[Urban East Norwegian|Urban East]]{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|p=23}} || {{lang|no|[[Danish and Norwegian alphabet|'''kj'''erne]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Nb-kjerne.ogg|[ˈçɐ̞̂ːʴɳə]}} || 'core' || Often alveolo-palatal {{IPAblink|ɕ}} instead; younger speakers in Bergen, Stavanger and Oslo merge it with {{IPAslink|ʂ}}.{{sfnp|Kristoffersen|2000|p=23}} See [[Norwegian phonology]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Pashto language|Pashto]] || [[Central Pashto|Ghilji]] [[Pashto dialects|dialect]]{{sfnp|Henderson|1983|p=595}} || rowspan="2" | {{lang|ps|[[Pashto alphabet|{{script/Arabic|پ'''ښ'''ه}}]]}} || rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[pça]}} ||rowspan="2"| 'foot' || rowspan="2" |See [[Pashto phonology]] |- | Wardak dialect |- | [[Romanian language|Romanian]]|| Standard{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|Ro'''hi'''a]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Rohia.wav|[r̥ʊ̞ˈçijä]}} || '[[Rohia]]' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}} before {{IPA|/i/}}. Typically transcribed with [hʲ]. See [[Romanian phonology]] |- | [[Russian language|Russian]] || Standard{{sfnp|Yanushevskaya|Bunčić|2015|p=223}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian alphabet|твёрды'''й''']]}} / {{Transliteration|ru|[[Romanization of Russian|tvjordy'''j''']]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ru-твёрдый.ogg|[ˈt̪ʋʲɵrd̪ɨ̞ç]}} || 'hard' || Possible emphatic realization of {{IPA|/j/}}.{{sfnp|Yanushevskaya|Bunčić|2015|p=223}} See [[Russian phonology]] |- | colspan="2" | [[Scottish Gaelic]]{{sfnp|Oftedal|1956|pp=113–4}} || {{lang|gd|[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|ei'''ch''']]}} || {{IPA|[eç]}} || 'horses' || Slender allophone of {{IPAslink|x}}. See [[Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography]] |- | colspan=2| [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} ||{{lang|scn|[[Sicilian orthography|'''ci'''umi]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈçuːmɪ]}} || 'river' || Evolved from the Latin {{IPA|/fl/}} nexus. Realized as {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}} when preceded by a consonant. See [[Sicilian phonology]] |- | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || [[Chilean Spanish|Chilean]]<ref>[http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006662/baker_g.pdf Palatal phenomena in Spanish phonology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123021246/http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006662/baker_g.pdf |date=2021-11-23 }} Page 113</ref> || {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|mu'''j'''er]]}} || {{IPA|[muˈçe̞ɾ]}} || 'woman' || Allophone of {{IPAslink|x}} before front vowels. See [[Spanish phonology]] |- | colspan=2| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]<ref name="gk6">{{Harvcoltxt|Göksel|Kerslake|2005|p=6}}</ref> || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|zi'''h'''in]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-zihin.wav|[ziˈçin]}}|| 'intellect' || Allophone of {{IPA|/h/}}.<ref name="gk6"/> See [[Turkish phonology]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|uz|[[Uzbek alphabet|ma'''k'''tab]]}} || {{IPA|[mɑçtɑb]}}|| 'school' || Occurs when {{IPAslink|k}} comes before {{IPAslink|t}} and {{IPAslink|b}} sounds. |- | colspan="2" | [[Walloon language|Walloon]]{{cn|date=October 2025}} || {{lang|wa|[[Walloon orthography|te'''xh'''e]]}} || {{audio|Walloon texhe.wav|[tɛç]}} || 'to knit' || ⟨xh⟩ spelling proper in Common Walloon, in the Feller system it would be written ⟨hy⟩ |- | colspan="2" | [[Welsh language|Welsh]] || {{lang|cy|[[Welsh alphabet|'''hi'''aith]]}} || {{audio|Welsh hiaith.ogg|[çaɪ̯θ]}} || 'language' || Occurs in words where {{IPA|/h/}} comes before {{IPA|/j/}} due to h-prothesis of the original word, i.e. {{IPA|/jaɪ̯θ/}} {{lang|cy|iaith}} {{gloss|language}} becomes {{lang|cy|ei hiaith}} {{gloss|her language}}, resulting in {{IPA|/j/}} {{lang|cy|i}} → {{IPA|/ç/}} {{lang|cy|hi}}.{{sfnp|Ball|Watkins|1993|pp=300–301}} See [[Welsh phonology]] |} ==Approximant== {{Infobox IPA |ipa symbol=j̊ |x-sampa=j_0\ }} The '''voiceless palatal approximant''' is a sound used in some [[spoken language|spoken languages]]. It is not [[phonemic]] in [[English language|English]] but is an allophone of {{IPAslink|j}} between [[voiceless consonant|voiceless]] [[stop consonant|stops]].<ref name="allophone"/> ===Characteristics=== {{consonants|voiceless|palatal|approximant}} ===Examples=== It is found as a [[phoneme]] in [[Jalapa Mazatec]] and [[Washo language|Washo]] as well as in [[Kildin Sami]]. {| class="wikitable" !Language ! !Word ![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !Meaning !Notes |- |[[Breton language|Breton]] |Bothoa dialect | colspan="3" |{{example needed|date=August 2016}} |Contrasts voiceless {{IPA|/j̊/}}, plain voiced {{IPAslink|j}} and nasal voiced {{IPA|/ȷ̃/}} approximants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Iosad |first=Pavel |title=Representation and variation in substance-free phonology: A case study in Celtic |year=2013 |location=Universitetet i Tromso}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |[[Chinese language|Chinese]] |[[Standard Chinese|Standard]] |{{lang|cmn|[[Chinese characters|票]]}} / {{Transliteration|cmn|Pinyin|p'''i'''ào}} |{{audio-IPA|Zh-piào.ogg|[pj̊äʊ̯˥˩]}} |'ticket' |Common allophony of {{IPA|/j/}} after aspirated consonants. Normally transcribed as {{IPA|[pʰj]}}. See [[Standard Chinese phonology]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[English language|English]] |[[Australian English|Australian]] | rowspan="2" |'''''h'''uge'' |{{IPA|[j̊ʉːdʒ]}} | rowspan="2" |'huge' |[[H-dropping]], also allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}. See [[Australian English phonology]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cox |first1=Felicity |title=Illustrations of the IPA: Australian English |last2=Palethorpe |first2=Sallyanne |publisher=Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 |year=2007 |edition=Cambridge University Press |pages=341–350}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Moran |first1=Steven |title=English sound inventory (UZ) |last2=McCloy |first2=Daniel |publisher=Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History |year=2019}}</ref> |- |[[New Zealand English|New Zealand]] |{{IPA|[j̊i̠(ːʷ)dʒ]}} |[[H-dropping]], also allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}, also can be [{{IPA|ç}}] instead. See [[New Zealand English phonology]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bauer |first1=Laurie |title=Illustrations of the IPA: New Zealand English |last2=Warren |first2=Paul |publisher=Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 |year=2007 |edition=Cambridge University Press |pages=97–102}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> |- | colspan="2" |[[French language|French]] |{{lang|fr|[[French orthography|p'''i'''erre]]}} |{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q150_(fra)-WikiLucas00-pierre.wav|[pj̊ɛːʀ̥]}} |'stone' | Devoiced allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}.{{sfnp|Sten|1963|p=37–8}} See [[French phonology]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] |{{lang|is|[[Icelandic orthography|'''h'''érna]]}} |{{IPA|[ˈj̊ɛ(ɾ)tnä]}} |'here' |Dialectal, or in [[free variation]] with [ç]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Einarsson |first=Stefan |title=Icelandic |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |year=1949}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haugen |first=Einar |year=1958 |title=The Phonemics of Modern Icelandic |journal=Language |volume=34 |pages=55–88 |doi=10.2307/411276 |jstor=411276 |article-number=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://phoible.org/inventories/view/158 |title=Icelandic sound inventory (SPA) |publisher=Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History |year=2019 |editor-last=Moran |editor-first=Steven |editor-last2=McCloy |editor-first2=Daniel |department=Stanford Phonology Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PHOIBLE 2.0 - |url=https://phoible.org/inventories/view/158 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=phoible.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PHOIBLE 2.0 - Consonant j̥ |url=https://phoible.org/parameters/EE497CBEEC30D7B561882D17B9037944#2/43.1/91.2 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=phoible.org}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |[[Jalapa Mazatec]]{{sfnp|Silverman|Blankenship|Kirk|Ladefoged|1995|p=83}} | colspan="3" |{{example needed|date=August 2016}} |Contrasts voiceless {{IPA|/j̊/}}, plain voiced {{IPAslink|j}} and glottalized voiced {{IPA|/j̰/}} approximants.{{sfnp|Silverman|Blankenship|Kirk|Ladefoged|1995|p=83}} |- | colspan="2" |[[Japanese language|Japanese]] |{{lang|ja|[[Kanji|日]]}} / '''''h'''i'' |{{IPA|[j̊i]}} |'day' |Colloquial, Allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}{{sfnp|Bloch|1950|p=86–125}}{{sfnp|Jorden|1963}}{{sfnp|Jorden|1952}} |- | colspan="2" |[[Scottish Gaelic]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bauer |first1=Michael |title=Final devoicing or Why does naoidh sound like Nɯiç? |url=http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Final_devoicing_or_Why_does_naoidh_sound_like_Nɯiç%3F |accessdate=11 December 2016 |website=Akerbeltz}}</ref> |{{lang|gd|[[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|a-mui'''gh''']]|italic=yes}} |{{IPA|[əˈmuj̊]}} |'outside' (directional) |Allophone of {{IPA|/j/}} and {{IPA|/ʝ/}}. See [[Scottish Gaelic phonology]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Thai language|Thai]] | colspan="3" rowspan="2" |{{example needed|date=August 2016}} |Allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}.<ref>Abramson 1962; Kruatrachue 1960; Noss 1954; Noss 1964</ref> |- |[[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]] |[[Khams Tibetan|Khams]] |Phonemic<ref>Chirkova 2014</ref> |- | colspan="2" |[[Washo language|Washo]] |{{lang|was|t'á:'''Y'''aŋi}} |{{IPA|[ˈtʼaːj̊aŋi]}} |'he's hunting' |Contrasts voiceless {{IPA|/j̊/}} and voiced {{IPAslink|j}} approximants. |- | colspan="2" |[[Koyukon language|Koyukon (Denaakk'e)]] | colspan="3" |{{example needed|date=August 2016}} |Contrasts voiceless {{IPA|/j̊/}} and voiced {{IPAslink|j}} approximants. |} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{phoible|ç}} {{phoible|j̊}} {{IPA navigation}} [[Category:Consonants]] nsbdasd20jlikfv21zh90r6pnssu6ac 0 955850 10882949 10809327 2026-06-10T05:44:33Z ~2026-33984-31 1819484 10882949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Roger Allers, 34th Annie Awards, 2007.jpg | name = Roger Allers | caption = Allers at the [[34th Annie Awards]] in 2007 | birth_date = {{birth date|1949|10|10}} | birth_place = [[Rye, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|3|1|1949|10|10}} | death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]], U.S. | alma_mater = [[Arizona State University]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]) | children = 2 | years_active = 1974–2019 | occupation = {{hlist|Movie director|writer|animator|storyboard artist|playwright}} | spouse = {{marriage|Leslee Hackenson|1977|2020|reason=divorced}} | known_for = }} '''Roger Charles Allers''' (October 10, 1949 – March 1, 2019) was an American animator, movie director, playwright, screenwriter and storyboard artist. He was known for directing ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Open Season (2006 movie)|Open Season]]'' and ''[[The Prophet (2014 movie)|The Prophet]]''. Allers died on March 01, 2019 in [[Santa Monica, California]] at the age of 69.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zahed |first=Ramin |date=2019-03-01 |title=Disney Veteran ‘The Lion King’ Co-Director Roger Allers Dies at Age 69 |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2019/03/disney-veteran-lion-king-co-director-roger-allers-dies-at-age-69/ |access-date=2019-03-01 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Filmography== {| class="article-table" !Year !Film !Position |- |[[1987]] |''[[The Brave Little Toaster]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[1988]] |''[[Oliver & Company]]'' |Story |- |[[1989]] |''[[The Little Mermaid]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[1990]] |''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[1991]] |''[[Beauty and the Beast]]'' |Story Supervisor |- |[[1992]] |''[[Aladdin]]'' |Story |- |[[1994]] |''[[The Lion King]]'' |Director |- |[[1996]] |''[[Captain Hook of the Planet of Neverland (tv series)|Captain Hook of the Planet of Neverland]]''<br />''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' |Director<br />Story |- |[[1997]] |''[[Dark Kahn]]'' |Director |- |[[2000]] |''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' |Story |- |[[2002]] |''[[Return to Never Land]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[2004]] |''[[The Lion King 1½]]'' |Additional Story Material |- |[[2006]] |''[[The Little Matchgirl]]'' |Director == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Roger Allers}} * {{IMDb name|nm0021249|Roger Allers}} https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/estuary/content?id=file_000000007910722fadde1e5c7af367f5&cp=pri&ma=90000&ts=20614&p=igh&cid=1&sig=2de07509b1b7f40c99d12b1b0776826716dcca3f4706678b18a93e00582cd279&v=0 {{Authority control}} [[Category:Males]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Storyboard Artists]] [[Category:Directors]] [[Category:Writers]] [[Category:Producers]] [[Category:Animators]] [[Category:American animators]] [[Category:People from New York (state)]] [[Category:Screenwriters {{DEFAULTSORT:Allers, Roger}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:2026 deaths]] [[Category:American animators]] [[Category:Movie directors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Movie directors from New York (state)]] [[Category:Screenwriters from California]] [[Category:Screenwriters from New York (state)]] [[Category:People from Rye, New York]] p6i0t8lofw0jq78ov3f351mpgm070j4 10882966 10882949 2026-06-10T06:41:50Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33984-31|~2026-33984-31]] ([[User talk:~2026-33984-31|talk]]) to last version by Ferien 10791501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = Roger Allers, 34th Annie Awards, 2007.jpg | name = Roger Allers | caption = Allers at the [[34th Annie Awards]] in 2007 | birth_date = {{birth date|1949|10|10}} | birth_place = [[Rye, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|3|1|1949|10|10}} | death_place = [[Santa Monica, California]], U.S. | alma_mater = [[Arizona State University]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]]) | children = 2 | years_active = 1974–2019 | occupation = {{hlist|Movie director|writer|animator|storyboard artist|playwright}} | spouse = {{marriage|Leslee Hackenson|1977|2020|reason=divorced}} | known_for = }} '''Roger Charles Allers''' (October 10, 1949 – March 1, 2019) was an American animator, movie director, playwright, screenwriter and storyboard artist. He was known for directing ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Open Season (2006 movie)|Open Season]]'' and ''[[The Prophet (2014 movie)|The Prophet]]''. Allers died on March 01, 2019 in [[Santa Monica, California]] at the age of 69.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zahed |first=Ramin |date=2019-03-01 |title=Disney Veteran ‘The Lion King’ Co-Director Roger Allers Dies at Age 69 |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2019/03/disney-veteran-lion-king-co-director-roger-allers-dies-at-age-69/ |access-date=2019-03-01 |website=Animation Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Filmography== {| class="article-table" !Year !Film !Position |- |[[1987]] |''[[The Brave Little Toaster]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[1988]] |''[[Oliver & Company]]'' |Story |- |[[1989]] |''[[The Little Mermaid]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[1990]] |''[[The Rescuers Down Under]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[1991]] |''[[Beauty and the Beast]]'' |Story Supervisor |- |[[1992]] |''[[Aladdin]]'' |Story |- |[[1994]] |''[[The Lion King]]'' |Director |- |[[1996]] |''[[Captain Hook of the Planet of Neverland (tv series)|Captain Hook of the Planet of Neverland]]''<br />''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'' |Director<br />Story |- |[[1997]] |''[[Dark Kahn]]'' |Director |- |[[2000]] |''[[The Emperor's New Groove]]'' |Story |- |[[2002]] |''[[Return to Never Land]]'' |Storyboard Artist |- |[[2004]] |''[[The Lion King 1½]]'' |Additional Story Material |- |[[2006]] |''[[The Little Matchgirl]]'' |Director == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == {{Commons category|Roger Allers}} * {{IMDb name|nm0021249|Roger Allers}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Males]] [[Category:Disney Renaissance]] [[Category:Storyboard Artists]] [[Category:Directors]] [[Category:Writers]] [[Category:Producers]] [[Category:Animators]] [[Category:American animators]] [[Category:People from New York (state)]] [[Category:Screenwriters {{DEFAULTSORT:Allers, Roger}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:2026 deaths]] [[Category:American animators]] [[Category:Movie directors from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Movie directors from New York (state)]] [[Category:Screenwriters from California]] [[Category:Screenwriters from New York (state)]] [[Category:People from Rye, New York]] 0c5ded440tgfy16nsh4k1tpdwl8kvql 0 955934 10882953 10881635 2026-06-10T06:23:06Z BodhiHarp 1567994 10882953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nosources|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox IPA |ipa symbol=ɡ̆ }} The '''voiced velar tap''' is a sound reported to be potentially used in two languages. The [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] symbol is {{angbr IPA|ɡ̆}}. ==Features== Features of a voiced velar tap: {{consonants|voiced|velar|oral|tap}} ==Examples== {| class="wikitable" !colspan="2"| Language ! Word ! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] ! Meaning ! Notes |- |colspan="2"|[[Dagaare language|Dagaare]] |pɔgɔ |{{IPA|[pɔ́ɡ̆ɔ́]}} |women |Pronunciation of {{IPAslink|ɡ}} in between vowels. |- | [[Kamkata-viri language|Kamkata-viri]] | Kamviri | ṭlak′a ṭlaka | {{IPA|[ʈꞎəˈɡ̆ə ʈꞎəɡ̆ə]}} | rattle | Pronunciation of {{IPAslink|k}} in between vowels. |- |} {{IPA navigation}} [[Category:Consonants]] 2o133ua8zxamd211bg08qow3sb4pb86 0 964821 10882601 10516125 2026-06-09T20:13:08Z ~2026-34085-44 1819287 /* Leaders sometimes called benevolent dictators */ 10882601 wikitext text/x-wiki A '''benevolent dictatorship''' is a [[government]] that has a leader considered by some as a [[dictator]] but has the support of the people, unlike a malevolent dictator who [[selfish|only focuses on them selves]], their government and their supporters. In benevolent dictatorships, there is some [[freedom of speech]] and [[democracy]]. ==Leaders sometimes called benevolent dictators== <gallery> File:Ataturk1930s.jpg|[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], [[President of Turkey]] from 1923 - 1938. File:Josip Broz Tito uniform portrait.jpg|[[Josip Broz Tito]], [[:en:List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yugoslavia|President of Yugoslavia]] from 1953 - 1980. File:France Albert-René.png|[[France-Albert René|France Albert-René]], [[List of presidents of Seychelles|President of the Seychelles]] from 1977 - 2004. File:Frank Bainimarama November 2014.jpg|[[Frank Bainimarama]], [[Prime Minister of Fiji]] from 2007 - 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marks |first1=Kathy |title=Fiji military leader admits beatings, torture |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/fiji-military-leader-admits-beatings-torture-20140620-zsg90.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en |date=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaur |first1=Jas |title=How Fijian dictator Bainimarama finally earned his mandate |url=https://theconversation.com/how-fijian-dictator-bainimarama-finally-earned-his-mandate-31856 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> File:Karlis Ulmanis.jpg|[[:en:Kārlis_Ulmanis|Kārlis Ulmanis]], [[President of Latvia|Leader of Latvia]] from 1934 - 1940 File:Lee Kuan Yew cropped.jpg|[[Lee Kuan Yew]] ran [[Singapore]] from 1959 to 1990. </gallery> ==Related pages== * [[Dictator]] * [[Dictatorship]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{politics-stub}} [[Category:Forms of government]] mp4jwhap8hg7nkwfvrr82rskpe0ovjs 0 971831 10882457 10869579 2026-06-09T16:50:09Z WikiBayer 767728 no reference 10116279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellipsanime''' (formerly known as '''Le Studio Ellipse''', '''Ellipse Programme''' and '''Ellipse Animation''') is a [[France|French]] [[animation]] studio. It produces [[television program]]s. It was founded in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Klimberg |first=Par Nathalie |date=2022-06-19 |title=Mediakwest - Ellipse Animation au coeur de la stratégie de Média-Participations |url=https://mediakwest.com/media-participations-ellipse-animation-coeur-strategie/ |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Mediakwest |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Movies, TV shows, and specials == *[[Babar (TV series)|Babar]] (1989-2000) (co-produced) with [[Nelvana]] and [[Kodansha]] (season 6) *[[Blazing Dragons]] (1996-1998) (co-produced) with [[Nelvana]] *La Familia Pirate (1999-2004) (co-produced) with [[Trickopmany Filmproduktion GMBH]] and [[Motion International]] *[[The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)|The Adventures Of Tintin]] (1991-1992) (co-produced) with [[Nelvana]] *[[Rupert (TV series)|Rupert]] (1991-1997) (co-produced) with [[Nelvana]] TVS Television and [[Scottish Television]] *[[Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!]] (season 3 only co-produced with [[Starz Media]] [[Film Roman]] and [[Bolder Media]]) *[[The Jungle Book (2010 TV series)|The Jungle Book]] (season 3 only co-produced with DQ Entertainment International) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:French animation studios]] tmelowxrehypmgdvsoxajlwtafibxob 0 972626 10882505 10745642 2026-06-09T18:09:39Z ~2026-34012-60 1819232 Correction of incorrect name 10882505 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Revolutions of 1989''' or the '''Fall of Communism''' were a series of [[revolution]]s against [[communist]] and [[socialist]] governments around the world, especially in [[Europe]]. It caused the end of the [[Cold War]], saw the end of most communist states and the [[United States]] becoming the world's only [[superpower]]. It also caused the end of the [[Soviet Union]] due to the [[1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt]] and the [[fall of the Berlin Wall|fall]] of the [[Berlin Wall]] in 1989. After the revolutions, the only remaining communist countries were [[China]], [[Cuba]], [[Laos]], [[North Korea]] and [[Vietnam]], however people in these countries did hold protests against the government (like the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests]] in China) and there were many reforms after 1991 (like ''[[đổi mới]]'' in Vietnam, which was similar to [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]'s reforms in the Soviet Union, ''[[glasnost]]'' and ''[[perestroika]]''). ==End of communism and socialism by country== ===In Europe=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Country ! Year communism ended |- | {{flag|Polish People's Republic|name=Poland|1980}} | 1989 |- | {{flag|Hungarian People's Republic|name=Hungary}} | 1989 |- | {{flag|East Germany}} | 1989{{efn|Unified with [[West Germany]] to become [[Germany]] in 1990.}} |- | {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} | 1989{{efn|Split into the [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]] in 1992.}} |- | {{flag|People's Republic of Bulgaria|name=Bulgaria}} | 1989 |- | {{flag|Socialist Republic of Romania|name=Romania}} | 1989 |- | {{flag|Yugoslavia}} | 1990 |- | {{flag|People's Socialist Republic of Albania|name=Albania}} | 1990 |- | {{flag|Mongolian People's Republic|name=Mongolia}} | 1990 |- | {{flag|Soviet Union}} | 1991 |} ===Outside Europe=== Outside [[Europe]], communist and socialist governments in [[Africa]], [[Asia]] and the [[Middle East]] also lost power in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, as did the short-lived [[People's Revolutionary Government]] of [[Grenada]] in 1983 (after the [[United States invasion of Grenada|Americans invaded Grenada]]). ==Breakup of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia== ===Soviet Union=== All of the [[republics of the Soviet Union]] except for [[Lithuanian SSR|Lithuania]] fully left the Soviet Union at some point in 1991; Lithuania left in 1990, making it the first to declare independence. {| class="wikitable" ! Country ! Year of leaving |- | {{flag|Lithuania}} | 1990 |- | {{flag|Georgia (country)}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Estonia}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Latvia}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Ukraine}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Moldova}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Tajikistan}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Armenia}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Turkmenistan}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Belarus}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Russia}} | 1991 |} ===Yugoslavia=== {| class="wikitable" ! Country ! Year of leaving |- | {{flag|Slovenia}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Croatia}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|North Macedonia}} | 1991 |- | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | 1992 |- | {{flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} | 1992{{efn|Serbia and Montenegro was officially called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, not to be confused with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the country that existed until 1992. In 2006, the country split into [[Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]]. In 2008, [[Kosovo]] [[2008 Kosovo declaration of independence|declared independence]] from Serbia, but this is still disputed, see [[political status of Kosovo]] and [[international recognition of Kosovo]].}} |} ==Related pages== * [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ===Notes=== {{Notelist}} {{Soviet Union topics}} {{Cold War}} [[Category:Cold War]] [[Category:1989]] {{history-stub}} aiwi3y3hdn179lo7wesuen33htijwps 0 975612 10882549 10881174 2026-06-09T19:25:57Z Shrekiolous 1818190 Restored reversion 10757605 by ~2026-11355-54: Removing italic titles and completed unsourced ages. 10882549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} '''''Doki''''' is an animated educational [[children's television series]]. It is produced by [[Portfolio Entertainment]] and [[Discovery Kids (Latin American TV channel)|Discovery Kids]] and was produced with [[TVOKids]] and [[Knowledge Network]]. The series was ran from April 15, 2013 to July 1, 2019. {{tv-stub}} [[Category:2010s Brazilian animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Brazilian children's television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian animated comedy television series]] [[Category:2010s Canadian preschool education television series]] [[Category:2010s Spanish animated television series]] [[Category:2010s Spanish children's television series]] [[Category:2013 Canadian animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s Spanish television series debuts]] [[Category:2019 Canadian animated television series endings]] [[Category:2010s Spanish television series endings]] [[Category:Animated television series about dogs]] [[Category:Brazilian children's animated television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated preschool education television series]] [[Category:Canadian animated television series about children]] [[Category:Canadian children's animated adventure television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's animated comedy television series]] [[Category:Canadian children's animated fantasy television series]] [[Category:Canadian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Canadian flash animated television series]] [[Category:Children's television series about talking animals]] [[Category:Discovery Kids original programming]] [[Category:Portuguese-language television programs]] [[Category:Spanish children's animated adventure television series]] [[Category:Spanish children's animated comedy television series]] [[Category:Spanish children's animated fantasy television series]] [[Category:Spanish-language television programs]] [[Category:TVO original programming]] pzbbk5t24kvd0z15omaqr32d9rbkz48 10 976797 10882975 10802371 2026-06-10T06:54:08Z Grufo 990800 The syntax of {{[[Template:Wrapper|Wrapper]]}} has changed 10882975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Wrapper|Station link | except = 1 -> Amtrak // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} == Usage == This template hard-codes the first parameter of {{tl|Station link}} as "Amtrak", invoking [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]]. The following additional parameters are mapped: * {{para|1}} to {{para|2}} * {{para|3}} to {{para|3}} * {{para|4}} to {{para|4}} Named parameters are not supported. Please note that for historical reasons {{para|2}} is unused and unsupported. == Tracking categories == * {{clc|Pages using Amtk with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Amtrak templates]] [[Category:United States rail succession templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> n4huax2vxohbiyyn4ltey7ecj7oxpzy 0 979601 10883046 10882230 2026-06-10T10:06:10Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit(s) by [[User:~2026-31158-18|~2026-31158-18]]: ([[User:BZPN/MassRollback|MR]]) 10883046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television channel | name = SolarFlix | logo = SolarFlix (2022) logo (fixed-updated).svg | type = [[Free-to-air]] [[television network]] | logo_size = 220px | launch_date = {{start date and age|2004|3|1}} (as ETC) <br> {{start date and age|2022|07|11}} (as SolarFlix) | closed_date = {{end date and age|2022|7|11}} (as ETC) | picture_format = [[16:9]] [[480i]] ([[Standard-definition television|SDTV]]) | owner = [[Solar Entertainment|Solar Entertainment Corporation]] | parent = [[Nine Media Corporation]] (2010–2014)<br>[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] (2008–present)<br>[[Radio Philippines Network]] (2011–2013) | network = {{Plainlist| * [[Southern Broadcasting Network|SBN 21]] (2008–present) * [[Radio Philippines Network|RPN 9]] (2011–2013) }} | affiliates = | country = Philippines | language = {{Plainlist| * [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (main) *English (secondary, primary for ''Reel Time'') }} | area = Nationwide | headquarters = Third Floor Worldwide Corporate Center, Shaw Boulevard corner EDSA, [[Mandaluyong]], [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>Solar Century Tower, 100 Tordesillas St., Corner H.V. Dela Costa St. Salcedo Village, [[Makati]], [[Metro Manila]], Philippines | former_names = [[Southern Broadcasting Network|SBN]] (May 30, 1992 – December 1, 2013) <br> ETC (March 1, 2004 – July 11, 2022) | replaced = {{Plainlist| *[[Solar TV]] (VHF Channel 9 Space) *[[Solar News Channel]] (UHF Channel 21 Space) *ETC (UHF Channel 21 Space) }} | sister_channels = {{Plainlist| * [[DepEd TV]] * [[Solar Sports]] * [[Shop TV]] }} | timeshift_service = | website = | terr_serv_1 = [[Southern Broadcasting Network|SBN]] O&O stations | terr_chan_1 = Digital: [[DWCP-DTV|Channel 21]] (Metro Manila) (LCN: 21.02) | terr_serv_2 = [[SkyCable]] <small>Metro Manila</small> | terr_chan_2 = Channel 16 | terr_serv_3 = [[SkyCable|SkyTV]] <small>Metro Manila</small> | terr_chan_3 = Channel 21 | terr_serv_4 = [[Sky Direct]] <small>Metro Manila</small> | terr_chan_4 = Channel 14 | terr_serv_5 = [[Cignal TV]] <small>Nationwide</small> | terr_chan_5 = Channel 21 | terr_serv_6 = [[Cignal TV#SatLite|SatLite]] <small>Nationwide</small> | terr_chan_6 = Channel 21 | terr_serv_7 = [[G Sat]] <small>Nationwide</small> | terr_chan_7 = Channel 23 }} '''SolarFlix''' (formerly '''Entertainment Central''' or '''ETC''' and visually rendered in its current logo in all [[capital letter]]s) is a Philippine [[free-to-air]] [[television network]] owned by the [[Southern Broadcasting Network]], a subsidiary of [[Solar Entertainment|Solar Entertainment Corporation]] and former jointly operated with [[Nine Media Corporation]] (former Solar Television Network) from 2010 to 2014. Its digital free-to-air broadcast is carried by SBN's flagship station, [[DWCP-DTV]] (channel 21) in [[Metro Manila]]. Formerly carried over on [[Radio Philippines Network|RPN]]'s flagship [[DZKB-TV]] along with [[List of Radio Philippines Network affiliate stations|7 RPN stations]] nationwide (2011–2013; now as [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]]). The channel's analog broadcast is fed on its lone provincial TV station, [[DXSS-TV]] (channel 7) in [[Davao City]] (in which the station currently carries DepEd ALS TV programming). The channel is also carried by cable and satellite providers, including [[Sky Cable]], [[Destiny Cable]], [[Cablelink]], Binangonan Cable TV Corporation, [[Cignal]], SatLite, [[Sky Direct]], and [[G Sat]] along with various provincial cable operators and through online streaming. SolarFlix operates daily from 8 a.m. to 12 midnight on Solar's digital free TV (under test broadcast), while it operates 24 hours daily on most pay TV and streaming service providers. However, since [[Holy Week in the Philippines|Holy Week 2021]], it signs off from midnight on [[Maundy Thursday]] to [[Easter|Easter Sunday]] at 8:00&nbsp;a.m. along with its sister channels [[Solar Sports]], [[Shop TV]] and [[Solar Learning]].<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/etctv/photos/a.396008728295/10159629236683296/] Facebook. Mar 31, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021.</ref> It previously operated daily from 5:00&nbsp;a.m. to 12:00 midnight on free-to-air analog TV broadcast until September 2019, when SBN permanently closed its analog signal. SolarFlix broadcasts from Solar's master control facility and studios located at the Third Floor Worldwide Corporate Center, Shaw Boulevard corner EDSA, [[Mandaluyong]]. Solar's office is located at the Solar Century Tower, 100 Tordesillas St., Corner H.V. Dela Costa St. Salcedo Village, [[Makati]], while SBN holds free-to-air broadcasts from its transmitter and tower site located at Nuestra Señora de la Paz Subdivision, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, [[Antipolo]], [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]]. ==History== ===As ETC (2004–2022)=== [[File:ETC (Philippine TV channel) logo 2016.jpg|150px|thumb|right|ETC logo from 2016 to 2022]] On March 1, 2004, [[Solar Entertainment]] launched ETC as "Entertainment Central," but test broadcasts started earlier on November 24, 2003.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} ====SBN first era (2008–2011)==== On January 1, 2008, ETC ceased airing as a separate channel on [[Sky Cable]] due to carriage dispute. As part of Solar's blocktime agreements with various terrestrial channels, ETC began airing on [[Southern Broadcasting Network|SBN 21]], a terrestrial [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] [[Television|TV]] station in the Philippines. ====RPN era (2011–2013)==== On March 2, 2011, after [[Nine Media Corporation|Solar TV Network]] acquired 34% share of [[Radio Philippines Network]] from the Philippine government as part of RPN/[[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC]] privatization in 2011, ETC replaced [[Solar TV]] on RPN channel space. Meanwhile, Solar and SBN launched [[Talk TV (Philippine TV network)|Talk TV]] on the same day as a part of formation of its [[Nine Media News and Current Affairs|news department]].<ref>[http://www.philstar.com/funfare/Article.aspx?articleId=660792&publicationSubCategoryId=70 ETC on RPN-9 starting March 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104180626/http://www.philstar.com/funfare/Article.aspx?articleId=660792&publicationSubCategoryId=70 |date=November 4, 2013 }} retrieved via www.philstar.com Feb 25, 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideBusop.htm?f=2011/february/25/vicagustin.isx&d=2011/february/25 Tiengs move into news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714043823/http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/insideBusop.htm?f=2011%2Ffebruary%2F25%2Fvicagustin.isx&d=2011%2Ffebruary%2F25 |date=2011-07-14 }} Manila Standard Today. Feb 25, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/214215/news/nation/coloma-privatization-of-rpn-9-ibc-13-in-the-works Coloma: Privatization of RPN 9, IBC 13 in the works] retrieved March 1, 2011 [[GMA News and Public Affairs|GMA News Online]]</ref><ref>[http://www.clickthecity.com/tv/?p=10622 ETC Moves To RPN-9 on March 2] retrieved via www.clickthecity.com Feb 28, 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.interaksyon.com/business/44485/rpn-9-to-lay-off-200-workers RPN 9 to lay off 200 workers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108112439/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/44485/rpn-9-to-lay-off-200-workers |date=January 8, 2015 }} retrieved October 1, 2012 [[News5|InterAksyon.com]]</ref><ref>[http://www.rappler.com/business/13491-rpn-9-to-cut-200-jobs,-may-stop-airing-of-newswatch RPN-9 to cut 200 jobs, may stop airing 'Newswatch'] retrieved October 2, 2012 Rappler</ref> On October 30, 2012, Talk TV rebranded as [[Solar News Channel]]. ====SBN second era (2013–present)==== ETC returned to SBN on November 30, 2013, as [[Solar News Channel]] moved to RPN on the following day, to enhance its nationwide coverage (however, SNC and RPN, were later sold to the ALC Group of Companies, chaired by Ambassador [[Antonio Cabangon Chua]], in August the following year due to Tieng's loss of revenue after investing in RPN. On August 23, 2014, SNC rebranded as [[9TV]])<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?v=10151679594302644 Solar News Channel - Expect wider reach and a richer viewing experience] retrieved November 5, 2013</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140501031533/http://etc.com.ph/etconsbn/ ETC MOVES TO SBN-21 STARTING NOVEMBER 30] Retrieved November 26, 2014</ref> After its sister channel, 2nd Avenue, ceased broadcasting on June 5, 2018—after 12 years on air—many of its programs moved to ETC. On November 21, 2018, ETC unveiled its new station ID and on-air graphics. At the same time, the network launched new slogans, ''In Full Bloom'' and ''#IamETC''. On May 25, 2020, ETC began broadcasting in [[Anamorphic widescreen|anamorphic 16:9 aspect ratio]] on free-to-air digital television. This change allowed for widescreen presentation, optimizing the viewing experience for viewers with compatible widescreen televisions. ===As SolarFlix (2022–present)=== On June 7, 2022, a new channel was teased with a voice-over saying, ''"May bagong kakaaliwan ngayong July. Kaya tutok lang. Sagot ka namin!"'' ({{translation|''"There is something new to entertain you this July. So just tune in, and we'll be there for you!"''}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=May bagong kakaaliwan... ngayong July! |url=https://www.facebook.com/etctv/videos/1192372431527796 |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> Then, on June 16, 2022, ETC unveiled the new channel, which was relaunched as '''SolarFlix''' on July 11, 2022, at 6 pm (PST).<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Fck4RhtWSA <nowiki>ETC transition to SolarFlix [11-JUL-2022]</nowiki>]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPSz80x2OOg <nowiki>ETC - Final Sign OFF via DTT [11-JUL 2022]</nowiki>]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngayong July 11. Dito ka na sa SOLARFLIX. Sagot ka namin! |url=https://www.facebook.com/etctv/videos/812783789688873/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> SolarFlix is a Tagalog movie channel that features classic and independent Filipino films—most of which come from Solar Films' archives—as well as documentaries from local movie festivals, similar to [[GMA Network]]'s ''[[I Heart Movies]]''. Following the rebrand, Solar Entertainment Corporation informed some cable and satellite TV operators carrying ETC that the channel would be replaced by ''ScreamFlix'' from [[Jungo TV]] on June 20, 2022.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pz2CkXDjRjE <nowiki>ETC transition to ScreamFlix [22-JUN 2022]</nowiki>]</ref> ScreamFlix carries the [[Front Row Channel]] and [[Hallypop]] (the latter previously broadcast as a digital subchannel on GMA Network).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Galaxy Cable Corporation added... - Galaxy Cable Corporation |url=https://www.facebook.com/galaxycablecorp/photos/a.581194758572420/7884244158267407/ |access-date=2022-06-17 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Programming== {{Main|List of programs broadcast by SolarFlix}} The channel targets the young adult demographics. SolarFlix's programming currently consists of Turkish dramas and Latin American telenovelas dubbed in Filipino under the ETCerye block, classic and independent Filipino films, and Hollywood and foreign-acquired movies. It has previously positioned itself as the female-oriented entertainment channel (ETC). ==SolarFlix Stations Nationwide== ===Digital=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Frequency ! Power ! class="unsortable"|Area of Coverage |- | Solar Flix Manila | [[DWCP-DTV]] | rowspan="46" | 21 | rowspan="46" | 515.143&nbsp;MHz | 3&nbsp;kW | [[Metro Manila]] |- | Solar Flix Baguio | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Mt. Sto. Tomas, Benguet |- | Solar Flix Ilocos Norte | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte |- | Solar Flix Ilocos Sur | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Bantay, Ilocos Sur |- | Solar Flix Isabela | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Santiago, Isabela |- | Solar Flix Batanes | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Basco, Batanes |- | Solar Flix Isabela | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Santiago, Isabela |- | Solar Flix Bayombong | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya |- | Solar Flix Pampanga | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | San Fernando, Pampanga |- | Solar Flix Baler | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Baler, Aurora |- | Solar Flix Nueva Ecija | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija |- | Solar Flix Tarlac | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Tarlac |- | Solar Flix Olongapo | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Olongapo |- | Solar Flix Batangas | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Batangas |- | Solar Flix Lucena | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Lucena, Quezon |- | Solar Flix Occidental Mindoro | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | San Jose, Occidental Mindoro |- | Solar Flix Romblon | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Tablas, Romblon |- | Solar Flix Palawan | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Puerto Princesa, Palawan |- | Solar Flix Naga | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Naga, Camarines Sur |- | Solar Flix Legazpi | DWSN-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Legazpi, Albay |- | Solar Flix Daet | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Daet, Camarines Norte |- | Solar Flix Sorsogon | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Sorsogon |- | Solar Flix Iloilo | DYCX-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Iloilo |- | Solar Flix Kalibo | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Kalibo, Aklan |- | Solar Flix Roxas | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Roxas, Capiz |- | Solar Flix Bacolod | DYLP-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Bacolod |- | Solar Flix Dumaguete | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Dumaguete |- | Solar Flix Cebu | DYCP-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Cebu |- | Solar Flix Bohol | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Tagbilaran, Bohol |- | Solar Flix Tacloban | DYSA-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Tacloban |- | Solar Flix Calbayog | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Calbayog, Samar |- | Solar Flix Borongan | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Borongan, Eastern Samar |- | Solar Flix Zamboanga | DXSA-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Zamboanga |- | Solar Flix Dipolog | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Dipolog |- | Solar Flix Pagadian | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Pagadian |- | Solar Flix CDO | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Cagayan De Oro |- | Solar Flix Iligan | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Iligan |- | Solar Flix Ozamiz | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Ozamiz |- | Solar Flix Bukidnon | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Mt. Kitanglad, Bukidnon |- | Solar Flix Davao | DXSS-DTV | 3&nbsp;kW | Davao |- | Solar Flix GenSan | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | General Santos |- | Solar Flix Butuan | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Butuan |- | Solar Flix Surigao | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Surigao |- | Solar Flix Tandag | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Tandag, Surigao Del Sur |- | Solar Flix Cotabato | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Cotabato |- | Solar Flix Jolo | {{n/a|(Provisional authority)}} | 3&nbsp;kW | Jolo, Sulu |} ==Digital television== ===Subchannels=== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> DWCP-TV operates on UHF Channel 21 (515.143&nbsp;MHz), and is multiplexed into the following subchannels: {| class="wikitable" |-Solar ! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]] ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Note |- | 21.02 | rowspan=3|[[480i]] | rowspan=3|[[16:9 aspect ratio|16:9]] | SolarFlix | [[SolarFlix]] {{small|(Main DWCP-DTV programming)}} | rowspan=3| Test Broadcast |- | 21.03 | Solar Sports | [[Solar Sports]] |- | 21.04 | DepEd TV | [[Solar Learning]] ([[DepEd TV]]) |- |} ===Analog-to-digital transition=== DWCP-TV terminated its analog signal on UHF channel 21, on September 12, 2019, as preparation for the Philippines' transition to digital terrestrial television. The station then [[Flash-cut|flashcut]] its digital signal from its pre-transition channel 22 to the analog-era. ==See also== *[[Solar Entertainment|Solar Entertainment Corporation]] *[[Nine Media Corporation]] *[[Radio Philippines Network]] *[[Southern Broadcasting Network]] *[[Nine Media News and Current Affairs]] *[[DWCP-DTV]] *[[Front Row Channel]] *[[Solar TV]] *[[Solar News Channel]] *[[9TV]] ==Ratings== According to [[AGB Nielsen Philippines|National Urban Television Audience Measurement]], ETC is the top-ranked female television channel with cable and free TV (through [[Radio Philippines Network|RPN]]) ratings combined (January 2012 - May 2012) with a 10.33% audience share.<ref>{{cite web|title=ETC is the #1 Female Channel in the Philippines!|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/Radio-Philippines-Network-Inc-RPN9/118294661559415#!/photo.php?v=10151002780644718|publisher=etc|access-date=July 17, 2012}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://philippines.mom-rsf.org/en/media/tv/ Media Ownership Monitor Philippines - Television] by VERA Files and [[Reporters Without Borders]] {{Radio Philippines Network}}{{Solar Entertainment}} {{Television in the Philippines}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Southern Broadcasting Network]] [[Category:Radio Philippines Network]] [[Category:Philippine television networks]] [[Category:Solar Entertainment Corporation channels]] [[Category:Filipino-language television stations]] [[Category:Movie channels in the Philippines]] [[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2004]] [[Category:2003 establishments in the Philippines]] [[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2022]] {{tv-stub}} sc1yhf8fmx3zigozhwmstd37cwma7rg 2 979906 10882858 10870100 2026-06-10T02:46:52Z ShadowBallX 1035196 /* 2026 deaths in association football */ 10882858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:ShadowBallX/Navbox}} This is the second sandbox of [[User:ShadowBallX|ShadowBallX]]. If you want to use the official Wikipedia sandbox, click [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|here]]. For: Articles I need to make ==Priority== ===enwiki articles I created=== * {{ill|Cheickna Doumbia|en}} * {{ill|Eustache Manglé|en}} * {{ill|Mokhtar Ben Nacef|en}} * {{ill|Leintz Domingue|en}} * {{ill|Lo Tak Kuen|en}} * {{ill|Etienne Mermer|en}} ===[[2026 deaths in association football]]=== ====April==== * {{ill|Tuimasi Manuca|en}} * {{ill|Alex Manninger|en}} * {{ill|Mircea Lucescu|en}} * {{ill|Hans-Jürgen Kreische|en}} * {{ill|Vicente Lucas|en}} * {{ill|Gérard Biguet|en}} ====May==== * {{ill|Geovani Silva|en}} * {{ill|Max Samper|en}} * {{ill|Anton Švajlen|en}} * {{ill|Marin Andrei|en}} * {{ill|László Fazekas|en}} * {{ill|Roque Avallay|en}} * {{ill|José Navarro (footballer, born 1948)|en}} * {{ill|Paraskevas Antzas|en}} * {{ill|Allan Thigo|en}} * {{ill|Eladio Zárate|en}} * {{ill|Parviz Ghelichkhani|en}} * {{ill|Adrián Lorenzo Fernández|en}} * {{ill|Alcides Sosa|en}} * {{ill|Michel Stievenard|en}} ====June==== * {{ill|Raúl Guerrón|en}} * {{ill|Yrondu Musavu-King|en}} * {{ill|Víctor Mendoza|en}} ===[[1938 in association football]]=== ====Births==== * {{ill|Derek Dougan|en}} * {{ill|Cayetano Ré|en}} * {{ill|Park Jong-hwan (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Mahmoud El-Gohary|en}} * {{ill|Árpád Orbán|en}} * {{ill|Adolf Scherer|en}} * {{ill|Armando Tobar|en}} * {{ill|Chus Pereda|en}} * {{ill|József Gelei|en}} * {{ill|Vojtech Masný|en}} * {{ill|José Torres (footballer, born 1938)|en}} * {{ill|Nikola Kotkov|en}} * {{ill|Pierre Mwana Kasongo|en}} - DR Congo 1968 AFCON ====Deaths==== * {{ill|Gustaf Bergström|en}} * {{ill|Henry Jameson|en}} * {{ill|Alfredo France|en}} * {{ill|William Quash|en}} * {{ill|Víctor Morales (Chilean footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Gordon McDonald|en}} * {{ill|Floriano (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Agustín Ojeda (footballer, born 1898)|en}} * {{ill|Svend Aage Castella|en}} ===[[User:Ferien/WikiProject TBA/Phase VI]] articles=== ====Articles==== * [[Al-Hussein SC (Irbid)]] * [[Fußballgemeinschaft Salzburg]] * [[Karl Kurz]] * [[2025 Brazilian Football Championship - Series A]] * [[Plymouth Argyle F.C.]] ====[[User:Gabriel.yiad|Gabriel.yiad]] + connected accounts & IPs==== Everything created/edited by them needs a look at, but those listed with [[Template:Complex]]: * [[Ibrahim Aoudou]] * [[Shaun Bartlett]] * [[John Moshoeu]] * [[Ernesto Mascheroni]] * [[Emmanuel Kundé]] * [[Juan Alberto Schiaffino]] * [[Helman Mkhalele]] * [[Neil Tovey]] * [[Eusebio Tejera]] * [[José Andrade]] * [[Cyrille Makanaky]] * [[Roque Máspoli]] * [[François Omam-Biyik]] * [[Émile Mbouh]] * [[André Kana-Biyik]] * [[Carlos Sosa (footballer)]] * [[John Paintsil]] * [[Stephen Tataw]] * [[Emmanuel Amunike]] * [[Álvaro Gestido]] * [[José Nasazzi]] * [[Mário Zagallo]] * [[Attilio Giovannini]] * [[Gerhard Hanappi]] * [[Clodoaldo]] * [[Brito (footballer, born 1939)]] * [[Ernst Ocwirk]] * [[Francisco Rodrigues (Brazilian footballer)]] * [[Matías González]] * [[Cláudio (footballer, born 1922)]] * [[Dino Sani]] * [[Arthur Friedenreich]] * [[Rob Rensenbrink]] * [[Johan Neeskens]] * [[Ruud Krol]] * [[Doctor Khumalo]] * [[Canhoteiro]] * [[Obdulio Varela]] * [[Schubert Gambetta]] * [[Víctor Rodríguez Andrade]] * [[Baltazar (footballer, born 1926)]] * [[Rui Campos]] * [[Danilo Alvim]] * [[Jair (footballer, born 1921)]] * [[Didi (footballer, born 1928)]] * [[Brandãozinho (footballer, born 1925)]] * [[Gilmar]] * [[Ademir de Menezes]] * [[Bauer (footballer)]] * [[Zizinho]] * [[Chico (footballer, born 1922)]] * [[Rubens (footballer, born 1928)]] * [[Juvenal (footballer, born 1923)]] * [[Rivellino]] * [[Friaça]] * [[Noronha (footballer)]] * [[Ely (footballer)]] * [[Bigode]] * [[Pinga (footballer, born 1924)]] * [[Augusto da Costa]] * [[Moacir Barbosa]] * [[Rildo (footballer, born 1942)]] * [[Garrincha]] * [[Domingos da Guia]] * [[Mauro Ramos]] * [[Leônidas]] * [[Hilderaldo Bellini]] * [[Julio Pérez]] * [[Óscar Míguez]] * [[Zito (footballer, born 1932)]] * [[Oberdan Cattani]] * [[Gérson]] * [[Vavá]] * [[Julinho (footballer, born 1929)]] * [[Alfredo II]] * [[Nílton Santos]] * [[Carlos Castilho]] * [[Jairzinho]] * [[Lucas Radebe]] * [[Everaldo (footballer, born 1944)]] * [[Uche Okechukwu]] * [[Jan Jongbloed]] * [[Karol Dobiaš]] * [[Jenő Buzánszky]] * [[Carlos Alberto Torres]] * [[Ján Pivarník]] * [[Virginio Rosetta]] * [[Vicente de la Mata]] * [[Ernesto Lazzatti]] * [[Anton Ondruš]] * [[Antonín Panenka]] * [[José María Minella]] * [[Norberto Yácono]] * [[José Varacka]] * [[Willy van de Kerkhof]] * [[René van de Kerkhof]] * [[Willem van Hanegem]] * [[Piet Keizer]] * [[Wim Suurbier]] * [[Wilson Piazza]] * [[Heinz Stuy]] * [[Barry Hulshoff]] * [[Henk Groot]] * [[Anton Pronk]] * [[Humberto Tozzi]] * [[Nico Rijnders]] * [[Walter Nausch]] * [[Ernst Happel]] * [[Wim Jansen]] * [[Phil Masinga]] * [[Linda Buthelezi]] * [[Patesko]] * [[Rashidi Yekini]] * [[John Mensah]] * [[Eddy Pieters Graafland]] * [[Djalma Santos]] * [[Tostão]] * [[Giorgio Ferrini]] * [[Pietro Rava]] * [[Luigi Allemandi]] * [[Gianpiero Combi]] * [[Eraldo Monzeglio]] * [[Raimundo Orsi]] * [[Umberto Caligaris]] * [[Arie Haan]] * [[Laryea Kingston]] * [[Tijani Babangida]] * [[Ivo Viktor]] * [[Michael Essien]] * [[Samuel Kuffour]] * [[Stephen Appiah]] * [[Jay-Jay Okocha]] * [[Tony Yeboah]] * [[Derek Boateng]] * [[Kwadwo Asamoah]] * [[Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu]] * [[Anthony Annan]] * [[André Ayew]] * [[Richard Kingson]] * [[Sunday Oliseh]] * [[Benedict Iroha]] * [[Thompson Oliha]] * [[Victor Ikpeba]] * [[Garba Lawal]] * [[Taribo West]] * [[Edward Motale]] * [[Sizwe Motaung]] * [[Andrew Tucker (soccer)]] * [[John Moeti]] * [[Zane Moosa]] * [[Eric Tinkler]] * [[August Makalakalane]] * [[Luis Monti]] * [[Mark Fish]] * [[Charles Akonnor]] * [[Yaw Preko]] * [[Rabah Madjer]] * [[Salah Assad]] * [[Tedj Bensaoula]] * [[Chidi Nwanu]] * [[Michael Emenalo]] * [[Mark Williams (South African soccer)]] * [[Zezé Procópio]] * [[Nílton de Sordi]] * [[David Nyathi]] * [[Bertin Ebwellé]] * [[Théophile Abega]] * [[Samuel Kuffour]] * [[Jaroslav Pollák]] * [[Sulley Muntari]] * [[Isaac Vorsah]] * [[Wakaso Mubarak]] * [[Zdeněk Nehoda]] * [[Finidi George]] * [[Augustine Eguavoen]] * [[Stephen Keshi]] * [[Caju (footballer, born 1949)]] * [[Luigi Bertolini]] * [[Angelo Schiavio]] * [[Jonathan Mensah]] * [[Maneca]] * [[Giuseppe Meazza]] * [[Enrique Guaita]] * [[Alfredo Foni]] * [[Adolfo Pedernera]] * [[Enrique García (Argentine footballer)]] * [[Amílcar Barbuy]] ==Once priority is done== ===[[2024 in association football deaths]]=== * {{ill|Sebastian Brodrick|en}} * {{ill|Bertin Ollé Ollé|en}} * {{ill|Georgios Darivas|en}} * {{ill|Moktar Hasni|en}} * {{ill|Luis Tejada|en}} * {{ill|Héctor Sanabria (footballer, born 1945)|en}} * {{ill|Luciano Alfieri|en}} * {{ill|Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah|en}} * {{ill|Roland Grip|en}} * {{ill|Zdenko Morovic|en}} * {{ill|Law Pak|en}} * {{ill|Jorge Toro|en}} * {{ill|Roberto Pérez (Bolivian footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Charles Swini|en}} * {{ill|Artur Jorge (footballer, born 1946)|en}} * {{ill|Chris Nicholl|en}} * {{ill|Carlos Espinoza (footballer, born 1928)|en}} * {{ill|Salah Larbès|en}} * {{ill|Presley Carson|en}} * {{ill|Alexandre Baptista|en}} * {{ill|Roberto Fleitas|en}} * {{ill|Kees Rijvers|en}} * {{ill|Jean-Baptiste Bordas|en}} * {{ill|Georgi Popov|en}} * {{ill|Stefan Abadzhiev|en}} * {{ill|Léon Semmeling|en}} * {{ill|Orlando Aravena|en}} * {{ill|Awuley Quaye|en}} * {{ill|Lamine Bangura|en}} * {{ill|Choi Dae-shik|en}} * {{ill|Péter Juhász (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Alejandro Semenewicz|en}} * {{ill|Göran Hagberg|en}} * {{ill|Luke Fleurs|en}} * {{ill|Sándor Müller|en}} * {{ill|Ron Lord|en}} * {{ill|Anton Flešár|en}} * {{ill|Mouncif El Haddaoui|en}} * {{ill|Marcos Rivas|en}} * {{ill|Haim Levin|en}} * {{ill|Luis Mendoza (footballer, born 1945)|en}} * {{ill|Terry Medwin|en}} * {{ill|Miloš Herbst|en}} * {{ill|Dagoberto Fontes|en}} * {{ill|Fabián Cancelarich|en}} * {{ill|Aminur Rahman (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Ivan Mráz|en}} * {{ill|Trevor Edwards|en}} * {{ill|Ngoy Bomboko|en}} * {{ill|Jean-Kasongo Banza|en}} * {{ill|William (footballer, born 1933)|en}} * {{ill|Franjo Vladić|en}} * {{ill|Hugo Villanueva|en}} * {{ill|Landry Nguémo|en}} * {{ill|Yves Herbet|en}} * {{ill|Serge Ducosté|en}} * {{ill|Marcel Zagoli Golié|en}} * {{ill|Iliya Valov|en}} * {{ill|Carlos Alvarado (footballer, born 1927)|en}} * {{ill|Luis Galarza|en}} * {{ill|Armando Larrea|en}} * {{ill|Tommy Cassidy|en}} * {{ill|Juan Ramón Martínez (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Adílio (footballer, born 1956)|en}} * {{ill|Jorge Rodríguez (footballer, born 1968)|en}} * {{ill|Ramiro Blacut|en}} * {{ill|Imre Komora|en}} * {{ill|Domingo Pérez (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Toussaint Natama|en}} * {{ill|Franciszek Smuda|en}} * {{ill|Paquito García|en}} * {{ill|Christian Obi|en}} * {{ill|Sergio Rivero (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Horst Weigang|en}} * {{ill|Bent Wolmar|en}} * {{ill|Roberto Chale|en}} * {{ill|Eligio Martínez|en}} * {{ill|Anwar Jassam|en}} * {{ill|István Juhász (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Sam Malcolmson|en}} * {{ill|Jacques Teugels|en}} * {{ill|Peter Fregene|en}} * {{ill|Jean-Jacques N'Domba|en}} * {{ill|Roald Poulsen|en}} * {{ill|José Aveiro|en}} * {{ill|Bernd Bauchspieß|en}} * {{ill|Pedro Sarmiento|en}} * {{ill|Hamid Merakchi|en}} * {{ill|Lucien Kassi-Kouadio|en}} ==[[2002 in association football deaths]]== * {{ill|Georg Ericson|en}} * {{ill|Jean Dockx|en}} * {{ill|Miguel Flores (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Jeff Astle|en}} * {{ill|Zenon Snylyk|en}} * {{ill|Andrei Mercea|en}} * {{ill|John Eriksen|en}} * {{ill|Branko Stanković|en}} * {{ill|Franz Elbern|en}} * {{ill|Jason Mayélé|en}} * {{ill|Daaf Drok|en}} * {{ill|Ivano Blason|en}} * {{ill|Oliver Eggimann|en}} * {{ill|Francisco Zamora|en}} * {{ill|Gabriel Raksi|en}} * {{ill|Juan Carlos Mesías|en}} * {{ill|Tore Svensson|en}} * {{ill|Joseph Rego-Costa|en}} * {{ill|Sune Andersson (footballer, born 1921)|en}} * {{ill|Jacinto Villalba|en}} * {{ill|Lucien Bochard|en}} * {{ill|Ernesto Díaz|en}} * {{ill|Saleh Selim|en}} * {{ill|Alexander Bottini|en}} * {{ill|Gavril Serfőző|en}} * {{ill|Sándor Mátrai|en}} * {{ill|Rubén González (Chilean footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Ante Mladinić|en}} * {{ill|Said Belqola|en}} * {{ill|Cho Yoon-ok|en}} * {{ill|Georgi Sokolov|en}} * {{ill|Mario Cordero|en}} * {{ill|Mustafa Mansour|en}} * {{ill|Kamel Masoud|en}} * {{ill|Anatoli Bashashkin|en}} * {{ill|Urbano Rivera|en}} * {{ill|Sammy Onyango|en}} * {{ill|Knud Lundberg|en}} * {{ill|Bertil Ericsson|en}} * {{ill|Francisco Lojacono|en}} * {{ill|Mario de las Casas|en}} * {{ill|Erling Sørensen|en}} * {{ill|Léster Morgan|en}} * {{ill|Raoul Diagne|en}} * {{ill|René Meléndez (footballer, born 1928)|en}} * {{ill|Sima Milovanov|en}} * {{ill|Kakhi Asatiani|en}} * {{ill|Pascasio Sola|en}} * {{ill|Carlos Delgado (footballer, born 1949)|en}} * {{ill|Geoff Coombes|en}} * {{ill|Srboljub Krivokuća|en}} * {{ill|Miguel Busquets|en}} ==[[1939 in association football]]== '''NOTE: FIX THE ARTICLE'S FORMATTING''' ===Births=== * {{ill|Jovan Miladinović|en}} * {{ill|Dezső Novák|en}} * {{ill|Emilio Álvarez (Uruguayan footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Syed Shahid Hakim|en}} * {{ill|Abdelmajid Chetali|en}} * {{ill|Kim Bong-hwan|en}} * {{ill|John Danielsen|en}} * {{ill|Carlos Monín|en}} * {{ill|Armand Sahadewsing|en}} * {{ill|Robert Waseige|en}} * {{ill|Jean Djorkaeff|en}} * {{ill|Pedro Jirón|en}} - Nicaragua 1967 CONCACAF Championship ===Deaths=== * {{ill|David Gould|en}} * {{ill|Harold Stamper|en}} * {{ill|Caius Welcker|en}} * {{ill|Jan de Vries (athlete)|en}} * {{ill|Hubert Gad|en}} * {{ill|George Latham (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Béla Révész|en}} * {{ill|Jan Vos (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Óscar Alfaro (footballer)|en}} * {{ill|Casemiro do Amaral|en}} * {{ill|Otto Siffling|en}} * {{ill|Ramón Eguiazábal|en}} 6ylzul1hd6oyerwq6o34gzhgaa5jxdf 0 981364 10883041 10624787 2026-06-10T09:47:30Z ~2026-31158-18 1810749 eMedia Productions 10883041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Alberei Advertising Corporation | logo = File:EMedia Logo.jpg | type = [[Private limited company]] | location = RBB Building, Villa Teresa Subdivision, Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway, Divisoria, [[Zamboanga City]], Philippines | industry = [[Broadcast]] [[Television network|television]] and [[Radio network]] | key_people = | foundation = {{start date|2013|9|20}} | founder = | predecessor = | parent = Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | owner = | revenue = | net_income = | num_employees = | website = }} {{Infobox television channel | name = eMedia Production Network, Inc.<br />(eMedia TV) | logo = File:EMedia Logo.jpg | logo_size = 250px | picture_format = | logo_caption = Logo of eMedia Production Network, Inc. | network = | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2013|9|20}} | owner = [[Radio Mindanao Network]] (2013-2014) <br /> Alberei Advertising Corporations (2014-present) | former_names = RMN TV Zamboanga (2013-2014) | sister_channels = | affiliates = Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | area = [[Zamboanga City]], [[Zamboanga Sibugay]], [[Basilan]] | country = [[Philippines]] | headquarters = RBB Building, Villa Teresa Subdivision, Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway, Divisoria, Zamboanga City | website = | terr_serv_1 = Digital ([[ISDB-T]]) | terr_chan_1 = Channel 40 ([[Zamboanga City]])<small>(LCN: 0.01)</small> | online_serv_1 = | online_chan_1 = }} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DXAX-DTV | city = [[Zamboanga City]] | logo = | branding = ''eMedia TV'' | analog = | digital = 40 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB|ISDB-T]]'') | subchannels = | affiliations = eMedia Production | founded = {{Start date and age|2013|9|20}} | location = [[Zamboanga City]] | owner = Westwind Broadcasting Network | callsign_meaning = | former_affiliations = [[Radio Mindanao Network|RMN]] (2013-2014) | former_callsigns = DXAX-TV (2013-2018) | former_channel_numbers = {{ubl|'''Analog:'''|57 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]], 2013–2014)|37 (UHF, 2014–2018)}} | sister_stations = | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)|NTC]] | power = 1,000 watts | erp = 2,000 watts ERP | haat = | coordinates = | website = }} {{Infobox radio station | name = DXWW (eMedia 105.9 News FM) | logo = | city = [[Zamboanga City]] | area = [[Zamboanga Peninsula|Zamboanga]] | branding = eMedia 105.9 News FM | airdate = 2013 | frequency = 105.9 MHz | format = [[News radio|News]], [[Talk radio|Talk]] | power = 10,000 [[watt]]s | erp = | class = | callsign_meaning = '''W'''est'''W'''ind | sister_stations = | owner = Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | licensee = Alberei Advertising Corporation | website = }} '''eMedia Productions Network Inc.''' (Branded as '''eMedia Mo!'''; {{literal translation|Your eMedia}}!) is a radio and television production company. It is based in [[Zamboanga City]] serving its base city as well as the province of [[Basilan]] and [[Zamboanga Sibugay]]. eMedia Productions currently operates as a content provider of the Westwind Broadcasting Networks. It is currently a local news affiliate of [[All TV]], operated by the [[Advanced Media Broadcasting System]]. ==History== The network emerged as a result of the [[Zamboanga City crisis|Zamboanga Siege]]. The ground zero of the siege was just a few blocks away from the [[Radio Mindanao Network|Radio Mindanao Network (RMN)]] studios located at the ZAMEVECO Building, Pilar Street, Zamboanga City. The incident disrupted the regular programming of RMN's radio stations, [[DXRZ|DXRZ 900 AM]] and [[DXWR|iFM 96.3]]. In response, the network focused on providing continuous coverage to keep Zamboangueños updated.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/40471-bungled-chances-zamboanga/|title=Bungled chances in Zamboanga City|newspaper=Rappler|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> As days passed, the demand for coverage increased. The company decided to provide live streaming through public television.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zamboanga.com/z/index.php?title=Zamboanga_City_News_December_2013|title=Zamboanga City News December 2013 – Universal Stewardship|website=www.zamboanga.com|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Using photos and footage from the siege, it established RMN TV Zamboanga via UStream, later broadcasting through public television on Channel 37. The initiative was led by broadcasters Bong Simbajon, Gil Climaco, Jimmy Villaflores, and Weng Dela Peña.<ref>{{Citation|last=archie reyes|title=Zamboanga City Crisis... (photos from Bhong Simbajon/RMN Zamboanga)|date=September 29, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsOBT5LK8nE|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mormonnewsroom.ph/article/church-donates-hygiene-kits-in-zamboanga|title=Church Donates Hygiene Kits in Zamboanga|date=October 8, 2013|newspaper=www.mormonnewsroom.ph|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=RMN ZAMBOANGA|title=LEBANTA ZAMBOANGA By: Weng Dela Peña|date=September 29, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymWKntBVy-4|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive-ph.com/ph/z/zamboangatoday.ph/2014-12-23_5161301_112/Zamboanga_Today_Online_the_most_read_newspaper_in_Zamboanga_City_WMSU_Masscom_1989_Silver_Jubilarians_come_home_to_pay_tribute_to_their_mentors/|title=archive-ph.com: zamboangatoday.ph - Zamboanga Today Online, the most read newspaper in Zamboanga City {{!}} WMSU Masscom (1989) Silver Jubilarians come home to pay tribute to their mentors|website=archive-ph.com|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116015236/http://archive-ph.com/ph/z/zamboangatoday.ph/2014-12-23_5161301_112/Zamboanga_Today_Online_the_most_read_newspaper_in_Zamboanga_City_WMSU_Masscom_1989_Silver_Jubilarians_come_home_to_pay_tribute_to_their_mentors/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/494959/nujp-questions-zamboanga-prosecutor-summoning-of-media|title=NUJP questions Zamboanga prosecutor summoning of media|last=Sabillo|first=Kristine Angeli|website=newsinfo.inquirer.net|date=September 25, 2013|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> Television broadcasting services were provided by eMedia Productions, a division of Alberei Advertising Corporation, while the studios were supplied by RMN Zamboanga. Alberei Advertising Corporation is a Zamboanga City-based advertising company with divisions specializing in marketing and advertising. The company owns several billboards available for rent and offers various advertising services within the city. On September 16, 2013, RMN Zamboanga announced its availability on television through Channel 57 and on cable TV via Mindanao Cable Television on Channel 98. During their test broadcast, [[DXRZ|DXRZ 900&nbsp;AM]] gained significant popularity, leading to public demand for its content to be accessible on FM radio. At that time, only a few listeners used AM radio, with most relying on mobile devices equipped with FM band applications. Although iFM 96.3 initially provided FM broadcasts, the company decided to formalize RMN FM Zamboanga on 105.9&nbsp;MHz. This allowed iFM 96.3 to resume its regular programming while RMN FM Zamboanga served as the relay FM station for RMN's DXRZ 900 AM, particularly during live coverage of the Zamboanga Siege. The siege ended in October 2013, but shortly after, the city was hit by the worst flash flood in its history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/503677/5-dead-in-zamboanga-city-floods|title=5 killed, 17,000 displaced by Zamboanga flooding|first1=Frances | last1=Mangosing |first2=Julie S.|last2=Alipala|website=newsinfo.inquirer.net|date=October 9, 2013|access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2013/10/worst-flood-hits-zambo-city/|title="Worst flood" hits Zambo City {{!}} MindaNews|website=www.mindanews.com|date=October 8, 2013|access-date=November 16, 2016}}</ref> RMN's DXRZ 900&nbsp;AM, along with its relays on RMN TV Zamboanga and RMN FM Zamboanga, provided extensive coverage of the incident. Their live broadcasts on both TV and radio during these two major events significantly increased their popularity among Zamboangueños. The series of events popularized their first slogan, ''Grabe Man! Dwele Sa'yo?'' ({{literal translation|That was severe! Was that hurt you?}}). This spoof slogan emerged during the rise of "Chagalog," a mix of [[Filipino language|Tagalog]] words like ''Grabe Man'' and [[Chavacano]] words like ''Dwele Sa'yo''.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/JDKllVMgWBM Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170405155345/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDKllVMgWBM Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDKllVMgWBM| title = GRABE MAN | website=[[YouTube]]| date = September 16, 2013 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> The slogan gained accidental popularity when broadcaster Gil Climaco frequently reacted with the phrase "''Grabe Man''" during their daily programming. After the series of events and the city's return to normalcy, they introduced a variety of programming, including religious shows from Victory Church Zamboanga. Soon after, they began relaying programming from Radio Mindanao Network in Cebu City, as part of their broadcasting agreement with their parent company. RMN's growing popularity on both TV and radio prompted their local competitor, [[DXEL|GBPI TV 11]], and its subsidiary [[DXEL|Magic 95.5]], to debut a similar program called "Dateline Teleradyo" as their counterpart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbpi-tv11.com.ph/?cat=9|title=Shows {{!}} Zamboanga TV News - GBPI TV 11|website=www.gbpi-tv11.com.ph|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-date=February 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224103253/http://www.gbpi-tv11.com.ph/?cat=9|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, the individuals behind RMN TV Zamboanga eventually went separate ways. Weng Dela Peña moved to [[Brigada Mass Media Corporation|Brigada News FM]] as a major anchor in Brigada News Manila, before transitioning to [[DZRB-AM|Radyo Pilipinas 1]] and eventually [[DZBB-AM|Super Radyo DZBB 594]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Rhod Mykel|title=DZXL 558 KHz (RMN) - Weng Dela Pena's Final Broadcast [May 16, 2014]|date=May 16, 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUEEJUrKCwc|access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> Meanwhile, Jimmy Villaflores, who was the barangay chairman of Sta. Catalina, focused on responding to the needs of his constituents, who had been devastated by the Zamboanga Siege.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/546373/muslims-help-rebuild-catholic-church-in-zamboanga|title=Muslims help rebuild Catholic church in Zamboanga|last=Alipala|first=Julie S.|website=newsinfo.inquirer.net|date=December 14, 2013 |access-date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> The TV network then decided to part ways with Radio Mindanao Network and establish its own entity. eMedia Productions, a division of Alberei Advertising Corporation, launched its own TV network under the same branding, "eMedia Productions." Along with Alberei's eMedia, Bong Simbajon and Gil Climaco were key figures, while Jimmy Villaflores, who later became a city councilor of Zamboanga City, played a crucial role in the company's formation. The team moved to their own studios at the RBB Building, Villa Theresa Subdivision, Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway, Zamboanga City. Simbajon, Climaco, and Villaflores became the lead anchors of their news programs, debuting with "Ronda De Noche" ''([[Chavacano]]: Nightly Patrol)'' and "Report Del Pueblo" ''([[Chavacano]]: Report of the City).'' With their separation from RMN came the separation of their radio station, RMN FM Zamboanga, which was rebranded as eMedia 105.9 News FM. The radio station now serves as a relay of the television broadcast, with additional in-house programming exclusive to radio. All of its programs are broadcast not only on radio and television but also through social media platforms like Facebook. On September 30, 2024, the Facebook pages of eMedia Mo and eMedia Sports TV (the network's sports division) were taken offline for violating Facebook's Community Standards. While no official statement has been released regarding the cause of the suspension, a new page has since been created.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/Myd3iMqweim4F4RD/ |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> ==Areas of coverage== As of 2018, their area of coverage includes:<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.emediamo.tv/about-us/|publisher=emediamo.tv|title=About Us|access-date=November 17, 2016|archive-date=October 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008125721/http://www.emediamo.tv/about-us/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Zamboanga City * Zamboanga Sibugay * [[Isabela, Basilan]] * [[Lamitan, Basilan]] ==Means of broadcasting== eMedia Productions (DXAX-DTV) is broadcast on digital TV UHF 40 in both Zamboanga City and Basilan. In addition to free TV in Zamboanga City and Basilan, eMedia can be accessed through other forms of media coverage:<ref name=":0" /> ===Digital channels=== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> UHF Channel 40 (629.143&nbsp;MHz) {| class="wikitable" |-ABS ! Channel ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Note |- | 01.01 | rowspan="5" |[[480i]] | rowspan="5" |[[16:9 aspect ratio|16:9]] | eMedia Digital TV | eMedia TV | rowspan=5|Test Broadcast |- | 01.02 | ALLTV | [[All TV|ALLTV2]] |- | 01.03 | PTV | [[People's Television Network|PTV]] |- | 01.04 | TV5 | [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]]<nowiki>*</nowiki> |- | 01.05 | One Sports | [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]]<nowiki>*</nowiki> |- |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> - this is also broadcast in digital via GBPI TV 11. ===Cable Television=== * Mindanao Cable Television - Channel 98 * Sky Cable - Channel 54 ===Radio programming=== * eMedia 105.9 News FM (DXWW-FM) ==Programs== The list below includes the major programs of eMedia Productions. eMedia also offers short-term air blocks for major events happening in Zamboanga, such as local festivities, religious observances, and political matters. ===Current=== * '''Levanta Zamboanga''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''Rise Zamboanga'') is the network's early morning news and talk program, airing every Mondays to Saturdays from 5 AM to 6 AM. It is hosted by Rey Bayona Bayoging. * '''RBB (Report Big Break) Live''' is the network's morning news, commentary, and talk program, airing from 6 AM to 8 AM. It is hosted by Rey Bayona Bayoging, the president and CEO of the company. * '''G.I.L. (Give It Live)''' is the network's editorial-based commentary program, airing Weekdays from 8 AM to 9 AM. It is hosted by Gil Climaco. * '''eSumbong''' is the hybrid public service program of eMedia, airing Weekdays from 9 AM to 10:30 AM. It is hosted by Gilbert Manuel and Belsie Agustin, with Marlon 'Basti' Sebastian substituting when needed. * '''Barangay eMedia Action Center''' is the network's afternoon public service program, airing Weekdays from 3 PM to 4:30 PM. It is hosted by Roel Ramos and Vilma Rodriguez. * '''Nutrition School on Air''', in partnership with the [[National Nutrition Council (Philippines)|National Nutrition Council]], is an afternoon program discussing the importance of health and nutrition. It airs Mondays & Tuesdays from 4 PM to 4:30 PM. The program is hosted by Rowina Pagotaisidro and Mariz Gonzales. * '''Aviso del Bumbero''', in partnership with the Zamboanga City Fire Department, is an afternoon program focused on fire safety and hazards. It airs Wednesdays from 4 PM to 4:30 PM. The program is hosted by FO3 Shiela Domingo and FO3 Ciaranelle Tan. * '''Report Del Pueblo''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''Report of the Town'') is the network's flagship regional news program, airing Mondays to Saturdays from 4:30 PM to 5:30 PM, with a replay on the same day from 8 PM to 9 PM. It is hosted by various anchors of eMedia and Lenie Sanson.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emediamo.tv/category/report-del-pueblo/|title=Report Del Pueblo {{!}} eMEDiA Mo|website=www.emediamo.tv|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116195928/http://www.emediamo.tv/category/report-del-pueblo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.zamboangatoday.ph/index.php/opinions/18708-change-a-innovation-in-broadcasting.html | title=Zamboangatoday.ph - zamboangatoday Resources and Information }}</ref> * '''Ronda De Noche''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''Nightly Patrol'') is their nightly news program, providing the latest updates from Zamboanga City airs Weeknights from 6:30 PM to 8 PM, with a weekend edition airs Saturdays from 7 PM to 8 PM. It is hosted by Pai Chu and Joe Rebollos. * '''VezTV''' (Vale El Zamboanga) ([[Chavacano]]: ''How Great Zamboanga is'') – VezTV, short for Vale El Zamboanga TV, is a weekly travel magazine show hosted by Karen Grafia. The program originally started as a counterpart to ABS-CBN's Mag TV: De Aton Este, with Karen Grafia as the pioneer host. Later, the staff and crew from Sky Cable Zamboanga, along with Grafia, split off to create their own magazine program, VezTV. They began programming on [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|GBPI-TV 11]] in 2013 and later moved to eMedia Productions in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://plus.google.com/109652262154083615017|title=VEZTV: Vale El Zamboanga! - Google+|website=plus.google.com|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> * '''Life of Victory''' is a religious program by [[Victory (church)|Victory Church Zamboanga]], featuring live streaming of their Sunday service from Grand Astoria Hotel. It airs daily from 5:30 PM to 6:30 PM. * '''Mas Claro, Mas Decente, at Your Service''' is the network's Saturday talk and public service program, airing every Saturday night from 8 PM to 9:30 PM. It is hosted by Marlon 'Basti' Sebastian. * '''City Hall Session''' is a 2-hour live broadcast of the city council session at the [[Sangguniang Panlungsod|Sangguniang Panglungsod]] of Zamboanga City. ===Former=== * '''Mission 2016: Boboto Ako!''' was a special news coverage by eMedia Productions during the [[2016 Philippine general election|2016 Philippine General Elections]]. * '''Campus Headturners''' was the first talent and reality search on local television, partnered with Mediabro Entertainment and hosted by Karen Grafia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kaigrafia.com/2016/09/i-see-blue.html|title=I See Blue|website=www.kaigrafia.com|access-date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> The first season ended on October 30, 2016. * '''eMedia Oke Mo''' was a variety show where eMedia invited everyone to visit their studios in Divisoria, Zamboanga City, and sing along with the eMedia hosts every day at 3:00 PM. * '''On The Spot with Gil Climaco''' was a talk show hosted by Gil Climaco, where he invited guests to discuss issues that mattered in Zamboanga City. * '''{{not a typo|eSessions}}''' was a nightly music session featuring local performances by Zamboanga City artists. * '''Asunto Legal''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''Legal Matters'') was a weekly legal affairs program hosted by Atty. Eduardo Sanson, the Dean of the College of Law at [[Western Mindanao State University]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emediamo.tv/category/our-programs/asunto-legal/|title=Asunto Legal {{!}} eMEDiA Mo|website=www.emediamo.tv|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116220541/http://www.emediamo.tv/category/our-programs/asunto-legal/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''El Negosyo''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''The Business'') was a weekly program that highlighted businesses in Zamboanga City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emediamo.tv/category/our-programs/el-negosyo/|title=El Negosyo {{!}} eMEDiA Mo|website=www.emediamo.tv|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116211701/http://www.emediamo.tv/category/our-programs/el-negosyo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Cosa Ba? Conversa!''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''What? Just talk!'') was their morning talk show, hosted by JV Faustino and Liza Jocson. * '''{{not a typo|eAgri}} Ni Bay''' ([[Visayans|Visayan]]: ''This is {{not a typo|eAgri}}, my friend'') was a weekly agricultural program that provided agricultural tips to farmers and highlighted the agricultural business in Zamboanga City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.emediamo.tv/category/our-programs/e-agri-na-bay/|title=E-Agri Na Bay {{!}} eMEDiA Mo|website=www.emediamo.tv|access-date=November 15, 2016|archive-date=January 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116220626/http://www.emediamo.tv/category/our-programs/e-agri-na-bay/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Servicio Todo-Todo''' ([[Chavacano]]: ''We Provide Service'') was a public service program of eMedia, partnered with government agencies in Region 9. * '''News Timeline''' was the network's weekend morning news and talk analysis program, airing every Saturday from 7 AM to 9 AM, with a replay on Sunday at the same time (7 AM to 9 AM). It was hosted by Arvie del Rosario, April Pantaleon Araneta, and Mark Alviar Saavedra. All of the hosts have since left the network, with April Araneta currently working in the City Government of Zamboanga, and Mark Saavedra serving as the Barangay Chairman of Culianan and as one of the proctors at [[Ateneo de Zamboanga University]]. ==Slogan== * 2013 to 2014 - Grabe Man! Dwele Sayo? ({{literal translation|That was severe! Was that hurt you?}}) * 2015 - Serving local. Broadcasting Global. * 2016 - Hinde lang este radyo, TV este! eMedia Mo! ({{literal translation|This is not just radio, this is TV! Your eMedia!}}) * 2017* - Hinde lang este radyo, TV este! eMedia Mo! Solid! ({{literal translation|This is not just radio, this is TV! Your eMedia! Solid!}}) * 2021* - Mas pa na 100%, 105.9, eMedia Mo, FM SOLID! * 2023* - eMedia, SOLID @ 10! <small>*''the word "solid" was added to their current slogan as their strong message for their loyal viewers.''</small> ==See also== * [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcast Professionals, Inc.]] * [[DXGB-TV|GBPI-TV 11 Zamboanga]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Television in the Philippines}} {{Radio in the Philippines}} {{Zamboanga City TV Stations}} {{Zamboanga City Radio}} [[Category:2013 establishments in the Philippines]] [[Category:Television networks in the Philippines]] [[Category:Television stations in Zamboanga City]] [[Category:Digital television stations in the Philippines]] [[Category:Philippine radio networks]] [[Category:Radio stations in Zamboanga City]] [[Category:Companies based in Zamboanga City]] [[Category:2010s establishments in the Philippines]] [[Category:Philippine television networks]] [[Category:Filipino television stations]] [[Category:Radio stations in the Philippines]] [[Category:Zamboanga Peninsula]] {{asia-stub}} 8cl2d1ypsfzxxaz9sliunciewd208nz 10883044 10883041 2026-06-10T10:06:08Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit(s) by [[User:~2026-31158-18|~2026-31158-18]]: ([[User:BZPN/MassRollback|MR]]) 10883044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Alberei Advertising Corporation | logo = File:EMedia Logo.jpg | type = [[Private limited company]] | location = RBB Building, Villa Teresa Subdivision, Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway, Divisoria, [[Zamboanga City]], Philippines | industry = [[Broadcast]] [[Television network|television]] and [[Radio network]] | key_people = | foundation = {{start date|2013|9|20}} | founder = | predecessor = | parent = Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | owner = | revenue = | net_income = | num_employees = | website = }} {{Infobox television channel | name = eMedia Production Network, Inc.<br />(eMedia TV) | logo = File:EMedia Logo.jpg | logo_size = 250px | picture_format = | logo_caption = Logo of eMedia Production Network, Inc. | network = | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2013|9|20}} | owner = [[Radio Mindanao Network]] (2013-2014) <br /> Alberei Advertising Corporations (2014-present) | former_names = RMN TV Zamboanga (2013-2014) | sister_channels = | affiliates = Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | area = [[Zamboanga City]], [[Zamboanga Sibugay]], [[Basilan]] | country = [[Philippines]] | headquarters = RBB Building, Villa Teresa Subdivision, Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway, Divisoria, Zamboanga City | website = | terr_serv_1 = Digital ([[ISDB-T]]) | terr_chan_1 = Channel 40 ([[Zamboanga City]])<small>(LCN: 0.01)</small> | online_serv_1 = | online_chan_1 = }} {{Infobox television station | callsign = DXAX-DTV | city = [[Zamboanga City]] | logo = | branding = ''eMedia TV'' | analog = | digital = 40 ([[UHF]]) (''[[ISDB|ISDB-T]]'') | subchannels = | affiliations = eMedia Production | founded = {{Start date and age|2013|9|20}} | location = [[Zamboanga City]] | owner = Westwind Broadcasting Network | callsign_meaning = | former_affiliations = [[Radio Mindanao Network|RMN]] (2013-2014) | former_callsigns = DXAX-TV (2013-2018) | former_channel_numbers = {{ubl|'''Analog:'''|57 ([[Ultra high frequency|UHF]], 2013–2014)|37 (UHF, 2014–2018)}} | sister_stations = | licensing_authority = [[National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)|NTC]] | power = 1,000 watts | erp = 2,000 watts ERP | haat = | coordinates = | website = }} {{Infobox radio station | name = DXWW (eMedia 105.9 News FM) | logo = | city = [[Zamboanga City]] | area = [[Zamboanga Peninsula|Zamboanga]] | branding = eMedia 105.9 News FM | airdate = 2013 | frequency = 105.9 MHz | format = [[News radio|News]], [[Talk radio|Talk]] | power = 10,000 [[watt]]s | erp = | class = | callsign_meaning = '''W'''est'''W'''ind | sister_stations = | owner = Westwind Broadcasting Corporation | licensee = Alberei Advertising Corporation | website = }} '''eMedia Productions Network Inc.''' (Branded as '''eMedia Mo!'''; {{literal translation|Your eMedia}}!) is a radio and television production company. It is based in [[Zamboanga City]] serving its base city as well as the province of [[Basilan]] and [[Zamboanga Sibugay]]. eMedia Productions currently operates as a content provider of the Westwind Broadcasting Networks. == Areas of coverage == This is their area of coverage as of 2018: * [[Zamboanga City]] * [[Zamboanga Sibugay]] * [[Isabela, Basilan]] * [[Lamitan, Basilan]] == Means of broadcasting == eMedia Productions (DXAX-DTV) is broadcast on digital TV UHF 40 in both Zamboanga City and Basilan. Aside on free TV in Zamboanga City and Basilan, eMedia can be seen through other means of media coverage:<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.emediamo.tv/about-us/|publisher=emediamo.tv|title=About Us|access-date=November 17, 2016|archive-date=October 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008125721/http://www.emediamo.tv/about-us/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Digital channels=== <!-- PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE INFORMATION BEYOND THIS AREA.--> UHF Channel 40 (629.143&nbsp;MHz) {| class="wikitable" |-ABS ! Channel ! [[Display resolution|Video]] ! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]] ! Short name ! Programming ! Note |- | 01.01 ||rowspan=5|[[480i]]|| rowspan="5" |[[4:3]] || eMedia Digital TV || eMedia TV || rowspan=5|Test Broadcast |- | 01.02 || GPC || Global Pinoy Cinema |- | 01.03 || ALL TV || [[All TV|ALLTV]] |- |} === Cable Television === * Mindanao Cable Television - Channel 98 * Sky Cable - Channel 54 === Radio programming === * eMedia 105.9 News FM (DXWW-FM) == Slogans == * 2013 to 2014 - Grabe Man! Dwele Sayo? ({{literal translation|That was severe! Was that hurt you?}}) * 2015 - Serving local. Broadcasting Global. * 2016 - Hinde lang este radyo, TV este! eMedia Mo! ({{literal translation|This is not just radio, this is TV! Your eMedia!}}) * 2017* - Hinde lang este radyo, TV este! eMedia Mo! Solid! ({{literal translation|This is not just radio, this is TV! Your eMedia! Solid!}}) * 2021* - Mas pa na 100%, 105.9, eMedia Mo, FM SOLID! <small>*''the word "solid" was added to their current slogan as their strong message for their loyal viewers.''</small> ==Related pages== * [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcast Professionals, Inc.]] * [[DXGB-TV|GBPI-TV 11 Zamboanga]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Television in the Philippines}} [[Category:2010s establishments in the Philippines]] [[Category:Philippine television networks]] [[Category:Filipino television stations]] [[Category:Radio stations in the Philippines]] [[Category:Zamboanga Peninsula]] {{asia-stub}} tmog1m3s3rsdsgljqlexewuw5mkfwk8 0 982750 10883045 10881341 2026-06-10T10:06:09Z CountryANDWestern 1618275 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit(s) by [[User:~2026-31158-18|~2026-31158-18]]: ([[User:BZPN/MassRollback|MR]]) 10883045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Update|date=February 2026|reason=The updated info on transmitter power output (TPO) and effective radiated power (ERP) of both analog and digital transmitters.}} The following is a list of television and radio stations that are [[Owned-and-operated station|owned-and-operated]] and affiliate by '''[[TV5 Network|TV5 Network Inc.]]''' As of 2025, TV5 has one hundred five across the [[Philippines]], with TV5 fifty analog stations, and thirty digital TV stations, [[One Sports (TV channel)|One Sports]] fifteen analog stations, [[RPTV (TV channel)|RPTV]] fourteen analog stations. The network has five originating stations (shaded in red), has twenty-one relay stations and the twenty-one planned, translators stations (shaded in dark gray) and two affiliate stations (shaded in dark red). == Free-to-air television stations== === TV5 Network === {{GeoGroup}} {{Clear}} ==== Analog Broadcast Stations ==== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |- ! scope="col" | Callsign ! Ch. # ! scope="col" | Branding ! scope="col" | [[Transmitter power output|TPO]] ! scope="col" | Location (Transmitter Site) ! scope="col" | Transmitter Coordinates |- style="background-color:#fc97af" ! scope="row"| [[DWET-TV|DWET]] | 5 | TV5 Manila{{Efn|Owned and Operated by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5network}}{{Efn|Flagship television station of TV5.|name=tv5-flagship}} | 120&nbsp;kW (500&nbsp;kW ERP) | TV5 Complex, 762 Quirino Highway, Brgy. San Bartolome, Novaliches, [[Quezon City]], [[Metro Manila]] | {{coord|14|42|19|N|121|2|25|E|type:landmark|name=DWET-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DWTE-TV|DWTE]] | 2 | TV5 Ilocos Norte{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 5.5&nbsp;kW (15&nbsp;kW ERP) | Talingaan St., Brgy. 31, [[Laoag|Laoag City]]. ([[Ilocos Region]]) | {{coord|18|12|38|N|120|33|28|E|name=DWTE-TV|type:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DWDI-TV|DWDI]] | 32 | TV5 Ilocos Sur{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 10 kW | Mount Caniao, Bantay, [[Ilocos Sur]] ([[Ilocos Region]]) | {{coord|17|36|11|N|120|29|11|E|name=DWDI-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-5-MD | 5 | TV5 Batanes{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 5&nbsp;kW | National Road cor. Mabini St, [[Basco, Batanes]] | {{coord|20|27|06|N|121|58|05|E}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | DWZE | 39 | TV5 Tuguegarao{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 5&nbsp;kW (2.5 kW; ERP) | Rios Building, Taft St. Cor. College Ave. Tuguegarao City ([[Cagayan Valley]]) | {{coord|17|37|02|N|121|43|34|E|name=DWZE-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | DWDH | 25 | TV5 Isabela{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 5&nbsp; kW (25 kW; ERP) | SMART Tower, Brgy. Mabini, Santiago City, Isabela | {{coord|16|42|08|N|121|33|41|E|name=DWDH-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-5-TE | 5 | TV5 Aparri{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 10&nbsp; kW | E. Jacinto St., Aparri | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | P/A | 5 | TV5 Abra{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 1 kW (3.5 kW; ERP) | SMART Cellsite, Abra - Kalinga Road, [[Bangued]], [[Abra]] | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-13-MB | 13 | TV5 Mountain Province{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}}{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 5&nbsp; kW (12.2 kW; ERP) | Mt. Ampacao, Sagada, [[Mountain Province]] | {{coord|17|04|01|N|120|53|01|E|Etype:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#fc97af" ! scope="row"| [[DZET-TV|DZET]] | 28 | TV5 Benguet{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}}{{Efn|Originating station also known as '''TV5 Baguio''' and '''TV5 North Central Luzon'''.|name=tv5-benguet}} | 10&nbsp;kW (113.44&nbsp;kW ERP) | Mount Santo Tomas|Mt. Sto. Tomas, [[Tuba, Benguet]]. (Cordillera Region|North [[Central Luzon]]) | {{coord|16|20|30|N|120|33|24|E|Etype:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | P/A | 24 | TV5 Baler{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 500 watts | SMART Cellsite, T. Molina St, Baler | {{coord|15|45|37|N|121|33|50|E|Etype:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | DZJA | 24 | TV5 Tarlac{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 1&nbsp;kW | MacArthur Highway, Brgy. Sto. Domingo II, Capas, Tarlac | {{coord|15|20|53|N|120|35|37|E|Etype:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | P/A | 28 | TV5 Olongapo{{Efn|Relay station of TV5 Benguet.|name=tv5-benguet-relay}} | 5&nbsp;kW | Alaska St. Upper Mabayuan, Olongapo City ([[Central Luzon]]) | {{coord|14|50|59|N|120|16|42|E|Etype:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DWBD-TV|DWBD]] | 30 | TV5 Batangas{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5&nbsp;kW | Mt. Banoy, Bo. Talumpok East, [[Batangas City]]. (Southern Tagalog) | {{coord|13|42|17|N|121|10|21|E|Etype:landmark|name=DWBD-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | P/A | 41 | TV5 Marinduque{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5 kW | Santa Cruz, Marinduque | |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | D-34-TE | 34 | TV5 Occidental Mindoro{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | Brgy. 1 Poblacion, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro | {{coord|12|21|07|N|121|03|49|E}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | DWMD | 50 | TV5 Oriental Mindoro{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 2&nbsp;kW (10 kW; ERP) | Strong Republic Nautical Highway, Calapan, Oriental Mindoro | |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DWDD-TV|DWDD]] | 29 | TV5 Puerto Princesa, Palawan{{Efn|Owned by [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]]|name=nbc}} | 5&nbsp;kW (25 kW; ERP) | SMART Cellsite, Valencia St. Puerto Princesa, Palawan ([[Mimaropa]]) | {{coord|9|46|44|N|118|43|41|E|name=DWDD-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | DWNT | 5 | TV5 Masbate{{Efn|Owned by [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]]|name=nbc}} | 5&nbsp;kW | PLDT Tower, Ibinigay St., Masbate City | |- style="background-color:#fc97af" ! scope="row"| [[DWNA-TV|DWNA]] | 22 | rowspan="2" | TV5 Naga{{Efn|Owned by [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]]|name=nbc}}{{Efn|Owned by [[Bicol Broadcasting System]]|name=bbs}} | 10&nbsp;kW (40 kW; ERP) | SMART Cellsite, Maharlika Highway, [[Naga, Camarines Sur]] ([[Bicol Region]]) | {{coord|13|37|14|N|123|12|13|E|name=DWNA-TV}} |- style="background-color:#db9aa9" ! scope="row" | DWLV | 2 | 5&nbsp;kW | 603 Balatas Road, Barangay Balatas, Naga City, Camarines Sur- Main Office Iriga City, Camarines Sur -Transmitter Site | |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DWLB-TV|DWLB]] | 6 | TV5 Legazpi{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 10 kW (60 kW; ERP) | Mt. Bariw, Estanza, [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi City, Albay]] ([[Bicol Region]]) | {{coord|13|06|57|N|123|43|35|E|name=DWLB-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DWSR-TV|DWSR]] | 13 | TV5 Sorsogon{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5 kW | Sorsogon-Diversion Road, Sorsogon | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-9-ET | 9 | TV5 Catanduanes{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5 kW | SMART Communications Tower, Smart Tower Access Road, Catanduanes | |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DYCJ-TV|DYCJ]] | 41 | TV5 Kalibo{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | Garcia Building, C. Laserna St. Poblacion, Kalibo, Aklan | {{coord|11|42|33|N|122|21|43|E|Etype:landmark|name=DYCJ-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DYMD-TV|DYMD]] | 33 | TV5 Roxas{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5&nbsp;kW | Iloilo-Capiz National Highway, Brgy, Cabugao, [[Roxas, Capiz]] | {{coord|11|30|46|N|122|44|52|E|Etype:landmark|name=DYMD-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB]] | 36 | TV5 Iloilo{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 10&nbsp;kW (138.7&nbsp;kW ERP) | Piña-Tamborong-Alaguisoc Road, [[Jordan, Guimaras]]. ([[Western Visayas]]) | {{coord|10|38|40|N|122|37|06|E|Etype:landmark|name=DYMB-TV}} |- style="background-color:#fc97af" ! scope="row"| [[DYTE-TV|DYTE]] | 32 | TV5 Bacolod{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 15&nbsp;kW (346.2&nbsp;kW ERP) | PLDT Compound, Galo St., [[Bacolod]]. ([[Negros Island Region]]) | {{coord|10|40|11|N|122|57|08|E|type:landmark|name=DYTE-TV}} |- style="background-color:#fc97af" ! scope="row"| [[DYET-TV|DYET]] | 21 | TV5 Cebu{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 15&nbsp;kW (232.8&nbsp;kW ERP) | Mount Busay, Brgy. Babag 1, [[Cebu City]]. ([[Central Visayas]]) | {{coord|10|22|04.9|N|123|52|00.5|E|type:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-8-ER | 8 | TV5 Dumaguete{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Tower, Jose Peping Romero Drive, Valencia, Negros Oriental ([[Central Visayas]]) | {{coord|09|16|32|N|123|14|09|E|type:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-7-MD | 7 | TV5 Bohol{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5&nbsp;kW | Mt. Banat-i Hill, Tagbilaran City, Bohol | {{coord|9|38|07|N|123|53|00|E|type:landmark}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DYRE-TV|DYRE]] | 40 | TV5 Tacloban{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | 91 Abucay, [[Tacloban|Tacloban City]] ([[Eastern Visayas]]) | {{coord|11|14|16|N|124|58|24|E|type:landmake}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | DYOM | 40 | TV5 Ormoc{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 1&nbsp;kW | PLDT DFON, Agua Dulce St., Ormoc | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-4-TS | 4 | TV5 Calbayog{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5&nbsp;kW | San Policarpio - Pagbalicad Road, Calbayog | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | P/A | 30 | TV5 Borongan{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 1&nbsp;kW | PLDT Tower, New Taboc Road, Borongan City | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | P/A | 7 | TV5 Catarman{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 3&nbsp;kW | PLDT DFON, EB Moore St , Catarman | |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE]] | 21 | TV5 Cagayan De Oro{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 10&nbsp;kW (30&nbsp;kW ERP) | Macapagal Drive, Upper Bulua, Cagayan de Oro City. ([[Northern Mindanao]]) | {{coord|8|29|51|N|124|36|56|E|name=DXTE-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | P/A | 34 | TV5 Bukidnon{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5 kW | Mount Kitanglad, Bukidnon | {{coord| |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | DXOC | 48 | TV5 Oroquieta{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5 kW | SMART Tower, Ozamiz - Oroquieta National Highway, Oroquieta City | {{coord|8|29|05|N|123|48|11|E|name=DXOC-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | P/A | 36 | TV5 Iligan{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 3 kW | PLDT Cellsite, Andres Bonifacio Ave., Brgy. San Miguel, [[Iligan|Iligan City]] | {{coord|8|14|13|N|124|14|38|E}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-5-DE | 5 | TV5 Pagadian{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5 kW | PLDT RSU Tower, J. Zulueta St., Pagadian City | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-8-TE | 8 | TV5 Dipolog{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Tower, Brgy. Santa Filomena, Dipolog City | |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | DXSA | 5 | TV5 Surigao{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | PLDT-Smart Business Center, Naciso St., Surigao City | |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DXBT-TV|DXBT]] | 22 | TV5 Butuan{{Efn|Owned by [[Cignal TV|Mediascape, Inc. (Cignal TV, Inc.)]]|name=mediascape}} | 5&nbsp;kW | PLDT Compound, JC Aquino Ave., [[Butuan]] ([[Caraga]]) | {{coord|8|56|44|N|125|31|51|E|name=DXBT-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | P/A{{Efn|Owned by [[Nation Broadcasting Corporation]]|name=nbc}} | 28 | TV5 Tandag | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Tower, Pimentel St., corner Pahit St., Tandag City | |- style="background-color:#fc97af" ! scope="row"| [[DXET-TV|DXET]] | 2 | TV5 Davao{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 10&nbsp;kW (259.2&nbsp;kW ERP) | TV5 Heights, Broadcast Ave. Shrine Hills, Matina, [[Davao City]]. ([[Davao Region|Southern Mindanao]]) | {{coord|7|04|19|N|125|34|37|E|name=DXET-TV}} |- style="background-color:#ffc9d6" ! scope="row" | [[DXER-TV|DXER]] | 12 | TV5 General Santos{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 10&nbsp;kW (40&nbsp;kW ERP) | PLDT Bldg, Beatiles St., [[General Santos]]. ([[Soccsksargen|South Central Mindanao]]) | {{coord|6|06|39|N|125|10|22|E|name=DXER-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-10-ER | 10 | TV5 Cotabato{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Tower, Dualing - New Panay-Midsayap Road, Cotabato City | |- style="background-color:#db9aa9" ! scope="row" | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB]] | 11 | GBPI/TV5 Zamboanga{{Efn|Owned by [[Golden Broadcast Professionals]]|name=gbpi}} | 10&nbsp;kW (20&nbsp;kW ERP) | GBPI Bldg., Campaner Street, [[Zamboanga City]] ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]]) | {{coord|6|54|31|N|122|04|37|E|name=DXGB-TV}} |- style="background-color:#919191" ! scope="row" | D-6-TE | 6 | TV5 Jolo{{Efn|Owned by [[TV5 Network|TV5 Network, Inc.]]|name=tv5-network}} | 1&nbsp;kW | SMART Cellsite, Taglibi Road, Jolo, Sulu | |- |} ====Digital Broadcast Stations==== ;Luzon {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Frequency ! Station type ! Power kW (ERP kW) ! class="unsortable" width="325px" | Location (transmitter site) |- | rowspan="7" | TV5 Manila | rowspan="7" | [[DWET-TV|DWET]] | rowspan="4" | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | rowspan="4" | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 25&nbsp;kW (120&nbsp;kW ERP) | TV5 Complex, 762 Quirino Highway, Brgy. San Bartolome, Novaliches, [[Quezon City]]. Mega Manila |- | rowspan="6" | SFN Relay | 5&nbsp; kW | Cignal Earth Station, MVP Avenue, Angeles City, [[Pampanga]] |- | 3&nbsp; kW | A. Mabini St., [[Malolos]], [[Bulacan]] |- | 5&nbsp;kW | Pililla - Jala-Jala Pakii Road, Jala-Jala, [[Rizal]] |- | 51 (Mirror feed) | 695.143&nbsp;MHz | 5.5&nbsp;kW | NBC Transmitter Site, Block 3, Emerald Hills, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Rizal under Mandaluyong City Mega Manila |- |51 (Mirror feed) |497.143&nbsp;MHz |5.5&nbsp;kW |Tagaytay-Nasugbu Highway, Tagaytay City, Cavite |- |51 (Digital Test Broadcast) |695.143 MHz |5.5&nbsp;kW |Barangay, First PJM Building, JP Rizal St, Calamba, 4027 Laguna |- | TV5 Benguet | [[DZET-TV|DZET]] | 51 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 695.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 10&nbsp; kW (30&nbsp; kW) | Mount Santo Tomas|Mt. Sto. Tomas, [[Tuba, Benguet]]. (Cordillera Region|North [[Central Luzon]]) |- | TV5 Abra | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Cellsite, Abra - Kalinga Road, [[Bangued, Abra]] (Cordillera Region|North [[Central Luzon]]) |- | TV5 Mt. Province | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Mt. Ampucao, [[Sagada, Mountain Province]] (Cordillera Region|North [[Central Luzon]]) |- | TV5 Ilocos Norte | DWTE-TV|DWTE | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Semi-satellite (Baguio) | 5&nbsp;kW | Talingaan St., Brgy. 31, [[Laoag|Laoag City]], [[Ilocos Norte]] ([[Ilocos Region]]) |- | TV5 Ilocos Sur | DWDI-TV|DWDI | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Rizal Avenue, [[Vigan City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] ([[Ilocos Region]]) |- | TV5 Batanes | D-5-MD | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | National Road cor. Mabini Street, [[Basco, Batanes]] ([[Cagayan Valley]]) |- | TV5 Tuguegarao | DWZE | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | 4th Floor, Rios Building, Taft St. Cor. College Ave. [[Tuguegarao|Tuguegarao City]], [[Cagayan]] ([[Cagayan Valley]]) |- | TV5 Isabela | DWSI-TV|DWSI | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Cellsite, Moises B. Galo St., Dubinan West, Santiago, Isabela |- | TV5 Bayombong | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Brgy. Magsaysay, [[Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya]] ([[Cagayan Valley]]) |- | TV5 Baler | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Barangay [[Buhangin, Baler, Aurora]] ([[Central Luzon]]) |- | TV5 Olongapo | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Alaska St. Upper Mabayuan, [[Olongapo City]], [[Zambales]] ([[Central Luzon]]) |- | rowspan="2" | TV5 Tarlac | rowspan="2" | DZJA | rowspan="2" | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | rowspan="2" | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | rowspan="2" | 5&nbsp;kW | MacArthur Highway, Brgy. Sto. Domingo II, Capas, Tarlac |- | SFN Relay | Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija (Central Luzon) |- | rowspan="4" | TV5 Batangas | rowspan="4" | [[DWBD-TV|DWBD]] | rowspan="4" | 51 (Digital Test Broadcast) | rowspan="4" | 695.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 10&nbsp;kW | Mt. Banoy, Bo. Talumpok East, [[Batangas City]] (Calabarzon) |- | rowspan="3" | SFN Relay | rowspan="3" | 5&nbsp; kW | PLDT Cellsite, Noble St., Poblacion, Batangas City |- | SMART Cellsite, Pres. Jose P. Laurel Highway, Mahabang Parang, [[Batangas City]] ([[Southern Tagalog|Calabarzon]]) |- | PLDT Cellsite, Colago Avenue, San Pablo, Laguna (Calabrtzon) |- | TV5 Lucena | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Old Manila S. Road, Lucena, Quezon Province (Calabarzon) |- | TV5 Occidental Mindoro | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Liboro St. Brgy. 1 Poblacion, [[San Jose, Occidental Mindoro]] ([[Mimaropa]]) |- | TV5 Oriental Mindoro | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Strong Republic Nautical Highway, [[Calapan City]], [[Oriental Mindoro]] ([[Mimaropa]]) |- | TV5 Romblon | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Triple Peak, Tablas Island, [[Romblon]] ([[Mimaropa]]) |- | TV5 Puerto Princesa | DWDD-TV|DWDD | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Cellsite, Valencia St. [[Puerto Princesa]], [[Palawan]] ([[Mimaropa]]) |- | TV5 Naga | DWNA-TV|DWNA | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 10&nbsp;kW | SMART Cellsite, Maharlika Highway, [[Naga, Camarines Sur]] ([[Bicol Region]]) |- | TV5 Daet | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 10&nbsp;kW | Vinzons Ave., [[Daet, Camarines Norte]] ([[Bicol Region]]) |- | TV5 Legazpi | DWLB-TV|DWLB | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Mt. Bariw, Estanza, [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi City, Albay]] ([[Bicol Region]]) |- | TV5 Sorsogon | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Sorsogon-Diversion Road, [[Sorsogon City]] ([[Bicol Region]]) |- | TV5 Catanduanes | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | SMART Communications Tower, Smart Access Road, [[Virac, Catanduanes]] ([[Bicol Region]]) |- | TV5 Masbate | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | PLDT Tower, Ibinigay St., [[Masbate City]] ([[Bicol Region]]) |- |} ;Visayas {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Frequency ! Station type ! Power kW (ERP kW) ! class="unsortable" width="325px" | Location (transmitter site) |- | TV5 Iloilo | [[DYMB-TV|DYMB]] | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Semi-satellite (Bacolod) | 10&nbsp;kW | Piña-Tamborong-Alaguisoc Road, [[Jordan, Guimaras]] ([[Western Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Antique | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Semi-satellite (Bacolod) | 10&nbsp;kW | Brgy. 2, [[San Jose De Buenavista, Antique]] ([[Western Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Kalibo | DYCJ-TV|DYCJ | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW |Garcia Building, C. Laserna St. Poblacion, Kalibo, Aklan ([[Western Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Roxas | DYMD-TV|DYMD | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Iloilo-Capiz National Highway, Brgy, Cabugao, [[Roxas, Capiz]]. |- | rowspan="2" | TV5 Bacolod | rowspan="2" | [[DYTE-TV|DYTE]] | rowspan="2" | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | rowspan="2" | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 10&nbsp; kW (20&nbsp; kW) | PLDT Compound, Galo St., [[Bacolod]] (Negros Island Region|Negros) |- | SNF Relay | 5.5&nbsp; kW | Mt. Kanlandog, Murcia, Negros Occidental under [[Bacolod]] ([[Negros Island Region]]) |- | TV5 Dumaguete | D-8-ER | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143 MHz | Relay | 3&nbsp;kW | SMART Tower, Jose Peping Romero Drive, Valencia, Negros Oriental under [[Dumaguete]] ([[Negros Island Region]]) |- | rowspan="2" | TV5 Cebu | rowspan="2" | [[DYET-TV|DYET]] | rowspan="2" | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | rowspan="2" | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 15&nbsp; kW (30&nbsp; kW) | Mount Busay, Brgy. Babag 1, [[Cebu City]]. ([[Central Visayas]]) |- | SFN Relay | 5&nbsp; kW | San Carlos Heights, Quiot Pardo, Cebu City. ([[Central Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Bohol | D-7-ED | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143 MHz | Relay | 3&nbsp;kW | Mt. Banat-i Hill, Tagbilaran City, Bohol ([[Central Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Tacloban | DYRE-TV|DYRE | 51 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 695.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | 91 Abucay, [[Tacloban|Tacloban City]] ([[Eastern Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Calbayog | D-4-TS | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143 MHz | Relay | 3&nbsp;kW | San Policarpio - Pagbalicad Road, [[Calbayog City]], [[Samar]] ([[Eastern Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Catbalogan | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143 MHz | Relay | 3&nbsp;kW | Brgy. Poblacion 1, [[Catbalogan City]], [[Samar]] ([[Eastern Visayas]]) |- | TV5 Borongan | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143 MHz | Relay | 3&nbsp;kW | Circumferential Road, Poblacion, [[Borongan City]], [[Eastern Samar]] ([[Eastern Visayas]]) |} ;Mindanao {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Frequency ! Station type ! Power kW (ERP kW) ! class="unsortable" width="325px" | Location (transmitter site) |- | TV5 Zamboanga | DXMD-TV|DXMD | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 10&nbsp; kW | PLDT Compound, Mayor Jaldon St., [[Zamboanga City]]. ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]]) |- | TV5 Dipolog | D-8-TE | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp; kW | SMART Tower, Brgy. Santa Filomena, [[Dipolog City]], [[Zamboanga Del Norte]] ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]]) |- | TV5 Pagadian | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5&nbsp; kW | PLDT RSU Tower, J. Zulueta St., [[Pagadian City]], [[Zamboanga Del Sur]] ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]]) |- | TV5 Cagayan de Oro | [[DXTE-TV|DXTE]] | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Semi-satellite (Davao) | 10&nbsp; kW | SMART Compound, Macapagal Drive, Upper Bulua, [[Cagayan de Oro]] ([[Northern Mindanao]]) |- | TV5 Oroquieta | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 1&nbsp; kW | SMART Tower, Ozamiz-Oroquieta National Highway, [[Oroquieta City]], [[Misamis Occidental]] ([[Northern Mindanao]]) |- | TV5 Iligan | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 10&nbsp; kW | PLDT Cellsite, Andres Bonifacio Ave., Brgy. San Miguel, [[Iligan City]], [[Lanao del Norte[[ ([[Northern Mindanao]]) |- | TV5 Bukidnon | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 10&nbsp; kW | Mt. Kitanglad, Bukidnon ([[Northern Mindanao]]) |- | TV5 Davao | [[DXET-TV|DXET]] | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Originating | 10 kW (259.2 kW ERP) | TV5 Heights, Broadcast Ave., Shrine Hills, Matina, [[Davao City]] ([[Davao Region]]) |- | TV5 General Santos | [[DXER-TV|DXET]] | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Semi-satellite (Davao) | 10 kW | PLDT Bldg, Beatiles St., [[General Santos City]], [[South Cotabato]] ([[Soccsksargen]]) |- | TV5 Kidapawan | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | Amas, [[Kidapawan City]], [[North Cotabato]] ([[Caraga]]) |- | TV5 Butuan | DXBT | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | PLDT Compound, JC Aquino Ave., [[Butuan City]], [[Agusan Del Norte]] ([[Caraga]]) |- | TV5 Surigao | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | PLDT-Smart Business Center, Narciso St., [[Surigao City]], [[Surigao Del Norte]] ([[Caraga]]) |- | TV5 Agusan Del Sur | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | Patin-Ay, [[Prosperidad, Agusan Del Sur]] ([[Caraga]]) |- | TV5 Tandag | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | Pimentel St. corner Pahit St., [[Tandag City]], [[Surigao Del Sur]] ([[Caraga]]) |- | TV5 Cotabato | D-10-ER | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | SMART Tower, Dualing - New Panay-Midsayap Road, [[Cotabato City]] ([[BARMM]]) |- | TV5 Marawi | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | Brgy. Buadi Sacayo, [[Marawi City]], [[Lanao Del Sur]] ([[BARMM]]) |- | TV5 Jolo | P/A | 18 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 497.143&nbsp;MHz | Relay | 5 kW | SMART Cellsite, Taglibi Road, [[Jolo, Sulu]] ([[BARMM]]) |} ====Digital affiliate stations==== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Frequency ! Station type ! Owner ! Power kW (ERP kW) ! class="unsortable" width="325px" | Location (transmitter site) |- | TV5/RPTV/One Sports Zamboanga | [[DXGB-TV|DXGB]] | 51 (Digital Test Broadcast) | 695.143&nbsp;MHz | [[Golden Broadcast Professionals|Golden Broadcast Professionals Inc.]] | Relay | 5&nbsp; kW |GBPI Bldg., Campaner Street, [[Zamboanga City]]. ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]]) |- |TV5 Iriga |DWNA-TV|DWLV |51 (Digital Test Broadcast) |695.143&nbsp;MHz |Bicol Broadcasting System |Affiliate/ SFN Relay |5&nbsp; kW |603 Balatas Road, Barangay Balatas, [[Naga City, Camarines Sur]]- Main Office Iriga City, Camarines Sur -Transmitter Site |} ===One Sports=== ====Analog Broadcast Stations==== (Operated through TV5's affiliate, Nation Broadcasting Corporation, except the Naga station, which is operated by Mediascape/Cignal TV and TV5 Network) ;Luzon {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Station Type ! Power kW (ERP) ! Owned ! class="unsortable"|Location (Transmitter site) |- | One Sports Manila | [[DWNB-TV|DWNB]] | 41 | 30&nbsp;kW (100 kW ERP) | Originating | rowspan="2" | Nation Broadcasting Corporation | NBC Transmitter Site, Block 3, Emerald Hills, Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Rizal under Mandaluyong City. [[Metro Manila]] |- | One Sports Benguet | DWRU-TV|DWRU | 36 | 10&nbsp;kW (100 kW; ERP) | Relay | Mount Santo Tomas|Mt. Sto. Tomas, [[Tuba, Benguet]]. (Cordillera Region|North [[Central Luzon]]) |- | One Sports Isabela | DWDH | 45 | Relay | 5&nbsp; kW | rowspan="3" | Cignal TV, Inc. | Moises B. Galo St, Brgy. Dubinan West, Santiago, Isabela |- | One Sports Naga | DWTU-TV|DWTU | 40 | 20&nbsp;kW (40 kW; ERP) | Relay | Maharlika Highway, [[Naga, Camarines Sur]]. ([[Bicol Region]]) |- | One Sports Sorsogon | DWSS-TV|DWSS | 47 | Relay | 5 kW | Sorsogon-Diversion Road, Sorsogon |- |} ;Visayas {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Station Type ! Power kW (ERP) ! Owned ! class="unsortable"|Location (Transmitter site) |- | One Sports Roxas | DYDE | 25 | Relay | 1&nbsp;kW | Nation Broadcasting Corporation | Iloilo-Capiz National Highway, Brgy, Cabugao, [[Roxas, Capiz]]. |- | One Sports Iloilo | DYNB-TV|DYNB | 46 | Relay | 10&nbsp;kW (100 kW; ERP) | TV5 Network, Inc. | Piña-Tamborong-Alaguisoc Road, [[Jordan, Guimaras]]. ([[Western Visayas]]) |- | One Sports Dumaguete | DYND | 44 | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW (10 kW; ERP) | rowspan="2" | Cignal TV, Inc. | SMART Tower, Jose Peping Romero Drive, Valencia, Negros Oriental ([[Central Visayas]]) |- | One Sports Tacloban | DYTB | 44 | Relay | 15&nbsp;kW | 91 Abucay, [[Tacloban|Tacloban City]] ([[Eastern Visayas]]) |- |} ;Mindanao {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Ch. # ! Station Type ! Power kW (ERP) ! Owned ! class="unsortable"|Location (Transmitter site) |- | One Sports Dipolog | D-41-NB | 41 | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | rowspan="2" | Cignal TV, Inc. | SMART Tower, Brgy. Santa Filomena, Dipolog City |- | One Sports Pagadian | D-47-DD | 47 | Relay | 5 kW | PLDT RSU Tower, J. Zulueta St., Pagadian City |- | One Sports Oroquieta | DXOU | 40 | Relay | 5 kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | SMART Tower, Ozamiz - Oroquieta National Highway, Oroquieta City |- | One Sports Surigao | DXSD | 41 | Relay | 5&nbsp;kW | Cignal TV, Inc. | PLDT-Smart Business Center, Naciso St., Surigao City |- | One Sports General Santos | DXEV-TV|DXEV | 22 | Relay | 15&nbsp;kW (50 kW; ERP) | Nation Broadcasting Corporation | PLDT Building, Beatiles St., [[General Santos]]. ([[Soccsksargen]]) |- | One Sports Zamboanga | DXDE-TV|DXDE | 29 | 5&nbsp;kW (120 kW ERP) | Relay | TV5 Network, Inc. | GBPI Bldg., Campaner Street,, [[Zamboanga City]]. ([[Zamboanga Peninsula]]) |- |} ===RPTV=== {{main|List of Radio Philippines Network affiliate stations#RPTV Network}} ==Radio stations== The following is a list of radio stations owned and affiliated by [[TV5 Network]]. ===Owned and operated stations=== ====True FM==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Frequency ! Power ! Licensee ! Location |- | True FM Manila | [[DWLA-FM|DWLA]] | 105.9&nbsp;MHz | 20&nbsp;kW | Bright Star Broadcasting Network Corporation | [[Metro Manila]] |- | True FM Laoag | [[DWTE-FM|DWTE]] | 106.7&nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Laoag]] |- | True FM Baguio | {{n/a|PA}} | 101.5&nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | Baguio City|Baguio |- | True FM Dagupan | {{n/a|PA}} | 88.7&nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Dagupan]] |- | True FM Palawan | {{n/a|PA}} | 102.3&nbsp;MHz | 5&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Puerto Princesa]], [[Palawan]] |- | True FM Naga | {{n/a|PA}} | 89.3&nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]] |- | True FM Legazpi | {{n/a|PA}} | 105.1&nbsp;MHz | 5&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]] |- | True FM Iloilo | {{n/a|PA}} | 99.3&nbsp;MHz | 15&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Iloilo]] |- | True FM Bacolod | {{n/a|PA}} | 88.5 &nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Bacolod]] |- | True FM Cebu | [[DYNC]] | 101.9&nbsp;MHz | 25&nbsp;kW | Nation Broadcasting Corporation | [[Cebu City|Cebu]] |- | True FM Cagayan de Oro | [[DXRL-FM|DXRL]] | 101.5&nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | Nation Broadcasting Corporation | [[Cagayan de Oro]] |- | True FM Davao | [[DXET-FM|DXET]] | 106.7&nbsp;MHz | 15&nbsp;kW | Interactive Broadcast Media | [[Davao City|Davao]] |- | True FM General Santos | {{n/a|N/A}} | 92.7&nbsp;MHz | 10&nbsp;kW | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[General Santos]] |} ===Affiliated stations=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Branding ! Callsign ! Frequency ! Power ! Licensee ! Location |- | rowspan="2" | Dream Radio / True FM Tacloban* | DYAB-FM | 104.7&nbsp;MHz | rowspan="2" | 5&nbsp;kW | rowspan="2" | Allied Broadcasting Center | [[Tacloban]] |- | DYOC-FM | 99.9&nbsp;MHz | [[Ormoc]] |- |} ====Planned==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Callsign ! Frequency ! Power ! Licensee ! Location |- | {{n/a|PA}} | 1026&nbsp;kHz | 50&nbsp;kW | rowspan="9" | TV5 Network, Inc. | [[Metro Manila]] |- | {{n/a|PU}} | 981&nbsp;kHz | 5&nbsp;kW | [[Dagupan]] |- | {{n/a|PU}} | 765&nbsp;kHz | 5&nbsp;kW | [[Tuguegarao]] |- | {{n/a|PU}} | 639&nbsp;kHz | 5&nbsp;kW | [[Iloilo]] |- | {{n/a|PU}} | 666&nbsp;kHz | 5&nbsp;kW | [[Bacolod]] |- | {{n/a|PU}} | 765&nbsp;kHz | 10&nbsp;kW | [[Cebu City]] |- | DXYZ-AM|DXYZ | 963&nbsp;kHz | 10&nbsp;kW | [[Zamboanga City]] |- | DXCL-AM|DXCL | 1098&nbsp;kHz | 10&nbsp;kW | [[Cagayan de Oro]] |- | DXRD-AM|DXRD | 711&nbsp;kHz | 10&nbsp;kW | [[Davao City]] |} ==Note== {{notelist}} ==Related pages== *[[Media of the Philippines]] *[[Apollo Broadcast Investors]] *[[Cignal TV#Mediascape TV stations|Mediascape TV stations]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:TV5 Network]] [[Category:Philippine television-related lists]] [[Category:Radio stations in the Philippines]] eona6jaergxs6lz13wbs969chb1x5lm 0 988238 10882670 9921409 2026-06-09T21:23:01Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox treaty|name=United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification|long_name=United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa|image=United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Member States.svg|image_size=|alt=|caption=|type=[[Multilateral treaty|Multilateral]] [[International environmental agreement|environmental agreement]]|context=[[Environmentalism]], [[Desertification]]|date_drafted={{Start date|df=yes|1994|06|17}}|date_signed=14 October 1994 – 13 October 1995|location_signed=[[Bonn]], Germany<br />[[New York City|New York]], United States|date_effective={{Start date|df=yes|1996|12|26}}|condition_effective=Ratification by 50 States|parties={{Collapsible list | expand = | framestyle = | titlestyle = | title = 197 | liststyle = | hlist = | bullets = | {{flagdeco|United Nations}} [[Member states of the United Nations|All 193 UN Member States]] | {{flag|Cook Islands}} | {{flag|European Union}} | {{flag|Niue}} | {{flag|Palestine}} }}|depositor=[[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]|languages={{plainlist| * [[Arabic]] * [[Chinese language|Chinese]] * [[English language|English]] * [[French language|French]] * [[Russian language|Russian]] * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] }}|wikisource=United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification|footnotes=}} '''The [[United Nations]] Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD)''' is a plan to stop desertification and reduce the effects of lack of water in the action programs of countries. The plan uses long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements. It fully launched in December 1996. It is the only international body in the world with legal power trying to stop people from destroying forests. To help make UNCCD and its strategies popular, 2006 was declared "International Year of Deserts and Desertification".<ref>Stringer, LC (2008) Reviewing the international year of deserts and Desertification 2006: What contribution towards combating global desertification and implementing the united nations convention to combat desertification?, j.jaridenv, 72(11), pp2065-2074. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.06.010.</ref> Ibrahim Thiaw has been the Under Secretary General of the United Nations and UNCCD Executive Secretary since 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Executive Secretary|url=https://www.unccd.int/convention/executive-secretary|access-date=2023-01-10|website=UNCCD|language=en|archive-date=2022-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231052743/https://www.unccd.int/convention/executive-secretary|url-status=dead}}</ref> == State parties == All UN member states, the [[Cook Islands]], [[Niue]], and the [[State of Palestine]]. have agreed to be part of the UNCCD.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVII-10&chapter=27&clang=_en#1|access-date=2023-01-09|website=treaties.un.org|language=EN}}</ref> On 28 March 2013, Canada left the UNCCD but joined again on 21 December 2016, and was officially part of the UNCCD again on 21 March 2017.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada Rejoins The United Nations Convention To Combat Desertification - Environmental Law - Canada|url=https://www.mondaq.com/canada/environmental-law/581930/canada-rejoins-the-united-nations-convention-to-combat-desertification|access-date=2023-01-09|website=www.mondaq.com}}</ref> == Conference of the Parties == The Conference of the Parties (COP) ensures that action is taken on the plans of UNCCD. The first five sessions of the COP were held annually from 1997 to 2001. From 2001 sessions were held every two years. === List of COP<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unccd.int/conventionconference-parties-cop/unccd-cop14-new-delhi-india |title=UNCCD COP14: New Delhi, India &#124; UNCCD |access-date=2023-01-10 |archive-date=2019-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410031048/https://www.unccd.int/conventionconference-parties-cop/unccd-cop14-new-delhi-india |url-status=dead }}</ref> === {| class="wikitable" !COP !Date !City !Remark |- |COP 1 |29 September to 10 October 1997 |Rome (Italy) | |- |COP 2 |30 November to 11 December 1998 |Dakar (Senegal) | |- |COP 3 |15 to 26 November 1999 |Recife (Brazil) | |- |COP 4 |11 to 22 December 2000 |Bonn (Germany) | |- |COP 5 |1 to 12 October 2001 |Geneva (Switzerland) | |- |COP 6 |25 August to 5 September 2003 |Havana (Cuba) | |- |COP 7 |17 to 28 October 2005 |Nairobi (Kenya) | |- |COP 8 |3 to 14 September 2007 |Madrid (Spain) | |- |COP 9 |21 September to 2 October 2009 |Buenos Aires (Argentine) | |- |COP 10 |10 to 20 October 2011 |Changwon (South Korea) | |- |COP 11 |16 to 27 September 2013 |Windhoek (Namibia) | |- |COP 12 |12 to 23 October 2015 |Ankara (Turkey) | |- |COP 13 |6 to 16 September 2017 |Ordos City (China) | |- |COP 14 |2 to 13 September 2019 |New Delhi (India) |Adoption of ''The New Delhi Declaration: Investing in Land and Unlocking Opportunities''<ref>{{Cite web|title=The New Delhi Declaration: Investing in Land and Unlocking Opportunities|url=https://www.unccd.int/news-stories/press-releases/new-delhi-declaration-investing-land-and-unlocking-opportunities|access-date=2023-01-09|website=UNCCD|language=en}}</ref> |- |COP 15 |9 to 20 May 2022 |Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) | |- |COP 16 |2 to 13 December 2024 |Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) | |} == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Treaties and Conventions]] ckuojfzuoc8idyrajyxn05m8mizwbmw 10 989517 10882974 10802369 2026-06-10T06:53:53Z Grufo 990800 The syntax of {{[[Template:Wrapper|Wrapper]]}} has changed 10882974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{Wrapper|Station link | except = 1 -> BART // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} == Usage == This template hard-codes the first parameter of {{tl|Station link}} as "BART", invoking [[Module:Adjacent stations/BART]]. The following additional parameters are mapped: * {{para|1}} to {{para|2}} * {{para|2}} to {{para|3}} * {{para|3}} to {{para|4}} Named parameters are not supported. == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Pages using Bart with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:United States rail succession templates]] }}</includeonly> 8iqff7j9uj5t0rsd797o5jshxrsmsgn 10 989527 10882972 10802355 2026-06-10T06:53:19Z Grufo 990800 The syntax of {{[[Template:Wrapper|Wrapper]]}} has changed 10882972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Wrapper|Station link | except = 1 -> MBTA // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} == Usage == This template hard-codes the first parameter of {{tl|Station link}} as "MBTA", invoking [[Module:Adjacent stations/MBTA]]. The following additional parameters are mapped: * {{para|1}} to {{para|2}} * {{para|2}} to {{para|3}} * {{para|3}} to {{para|4}} Named parameters are not supported. == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Pages using Bts with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority templates]] [[Category:United States rail succession templates]] }}</includeonly> aevgdsat23du1dhfm94dpgetvakw3md 10 993055 10882978 10802393 2026-06-10T06:54:53Z Grufo 990800 The syntax of {{[[Template:Wrapper|Wrapper]]}} has changed 10882978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Wrapper|Station link | except = 1 -> Washington Metro // 2 -> <nowiki>{{{1|}}}</nowiki> // 3 -> <nowiki>{{{2|}}}</nowiki> // 4 -> <nowiki>{{{3|}}}</nowiki> | any-left = }} == Usage == This template hard-codes the first parameter of {{tl|Station link}} as "Washington Metro", invoking [[Module:Adjacent stations/Washington Metro]]. The following additional parameters are mapped: * {{para|1}} to {{para|2}} * {{para|2}} to {{para|3}} * {{para|3}} to {{para|4}} Named parameters are not supported. == Tracking categories == * {{Category link with count|Pages using Wmata with unknown parameters}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Washington Metro]] [[Category:United States rail succession templates]] }}</includeonly> fyx15zhfjnn2zf8ms69l96iwcr9suev 0 1006794 10883032 9659035 2026-06-10T09:33:55Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10883032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious building|name=Taichung Martyrs' Shrine|native_name=臺中市忠烈祠|native_name_lang=zh|religious_affiliation=|image=Taichung ROC Martyr's Shrine.JPG|image_upright=|alt=|caption=|map_type=Taichung|coordinates={{coord|24|09|15.8|N|120|41|28.5|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=inline,title}}|map_size=225px|map_alt=|map_relief=|map_caption=|location=[[North District, Taichung|North]], [[Taichung]], [[Taiwan]]|locale=|deity=|rite=|tradition=|sect=|festival=<!-- or | festivals = -->|cercle=|sector=|administration=|consecration_year=|organisational_status=<!-- or | organizational_status = -->|functional_status=|heritage_designation=|leadership=|ownership=|governing_body=|bhattaraka=|patron=|website=|coordinates_footnotes=|architect=|architecture_type=martyrs' shrine|architecture_style=|founded_by=|creator=|funded_by=|general_contractor=|established=|groundbreaking=|year_completed=|construction_cost=|date_demolished=<!-- or | date_destroyed = -->|facade_direction=|capacity=|length=|width=|width_nave=|interior_area=|height_max=|dome_quantity=|dome_height_outer=|dome_height_inner=|dome_dia_outer=|dome_dia_inner=|minaret_quantity=|minaret_height=|spire_quantity=|spire_height=|site_area=|temple_quantity=|monument_quantity=|shrine_quantity=|materials=|elevation_m=<!-- or | elevation_ft = -->|inscriptions=|elevation_footnotes=|nrhp=|designated=|added=|refnum=|footnotes=}} [[File:Taichung_Martyrs'_Shrine.JPG|thumb|Taichung Martyrs' Shrine gate]] The Taichung Martyr's Shrine is a [[Martyrs Shrine|martyrs' shrine]] in North District, [[Taichung]], [[Taiwan]]. It's dedicated to the heroes of the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] who died for their country. == History == {{Infobox religious building|name=Taichu Jinja|religious_affiliation=Shinto|image=臺中神社_(第一代).jpg|deity=[[Ōkuninushi]] [[Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa]] [[Sukunabikona]]|consecration_year=1911}} Originally, the shrine was a [[Shinto shrine]] to pay tribute to Japanese heroes. When Taiwan was handed over from [[Japan]] to the Republic of China in 1945, the shrine was re-established and transformed into a shrine to honor the National Revolutionary Army. This change happened in 1970..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Martyrs' Shrine in Taiwan|url=http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/gsh2006/gsh4337/index2/index2.html|access-date=21 June 2021|website=Taipei Municipal Dazhi Junior High School, Taipei, Taiwan|archive-date=15 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515144610/http://library.taiwanschoolnet.org/gsh2006/gsh4337/index2/index2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Taichung">{{Cite web|last=pagebao|date=28 March 2019|title=Taichung Confucius Temple|url=https://www.taichung.guide/taichung-confucius-temple/|access-date=21 June 2021|website=Taichung Guide|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624002533/https://www.taichung.guide/taichung-confucius-temple/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Architecture == The shrine was constructed with traditional [[Chinese architecture]] style.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 January 2020|title=Martyr Shrine|url=https://travel.taichung.gov.tw/en-us/Attractions/Intro/895/Martyr-Shrine|access-date=21 June 2021|website=Taichung Tourism and Travel Bureau}}</ref> It has a rectangular shape surrounded by courtyards and garden.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 January 2010|title=Confucius Temple and Martyr's Shrine|url=http://eng.taichung.gov.tw/siteOld/english.taichung.gov.tw/internet/english/docDetail439d.html?uid=4925&docid=20836|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514002449/http://eng.taichung.gov.tw/siteOld/english.taichung.gov.tw/internet/english/docDetail439d.html?uid=4925&docid=20836|archive-date=14 May 2014|access-date=13 May 2014|publisher=Eng.taichung.gov.tw}}</ref> == Transportation == The shrine is accessible by bus north of Taichung Station of Taiwan Railways.<ref name="Taichung"/> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kokuhei Shōsha]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Infobox religious building with unknown affiliation|Shinto]] ffqpzp98eh5888bt2m7165d47ylf18f 2 1020093 10882311 10882119 2026-06-09T13:55:32Z Werner100359 106408 /* Final */ 10882311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|WFV Frauencup]] | season = 1981-82 | dates = 17 April 1981 - 19 June 1982 | winners = [[DFC Ostbahn XI ]] 3rd title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = | total goals = | league topscorer = | prevseason = [[1980-81 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1980-81]] | nextseason = [[1982-83 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1982-83]] }} The '''1981-82 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 10th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Vienna Football Association]]. The final took place at the [[Generali Arena (Wien)|Franz-Horr-Stadion]] in [[Vienna]]. DFC Ostbahn XI won the cup for the 3rd time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup_1981_82.html Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === '''Bye:'''SC Nikitsch, USC Halbturn, 1. DFC Leoben {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |DFC Alland/Brunn | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-2 |- |SC Wullersdorf | '''SV Aspern''' |0-4 |- | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |LUV Graz |0-0<br>a.e.t. 2-1 pen. |- | KSV Wiener Berufsschulen | ''' USC Landhaus''' |0-7 |-ASV 13 Wien | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |0-3 |} ===Quarterfinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |USC Halbturn |'''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-4 |- |'''DFC Ostbahn XI''' | SC Nikitsch |3-0<ref>3-0 as SC Nikitsch did not play. </ref> |- | ''' USC Landhaus''' |1. DFC Leoben |2-0 |- | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' | SV Aspern |1-0 |} ===Semifinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |''' USC Landhaus''' |Union Kleinmünchen |2-1 |- |FC Wacker Innsbruck | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |1-5 |} ===Final === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |Union Landhaus |3-2 |} {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] 5swzd99ikonwlokg7p38czox093z45o 10882377 10882311 2026-06-09T14:51:09Z Werner100359 106408 10882377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2018-19 | dates = 11 August 2028 - 8 June 2019 | winners = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] 7th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 181 | league topscorer = Fanny Vágó (12 goals) | prevseason = [[2017-18 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2017-18]] | nextseason = Canceled because of Corona }} The '''2018 -19 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 45th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. For the first time, a sponsor was secured for this competition, Sport.Land.NÖ. The official name was ''Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup''.The final took place at the Moser Medical Arena in Rohrendorf. SKN St. Pölten won the cup for the 7th time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_frauen_cup__2018_19.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |ASK Eggendorf | '''First Vienna FC''' |0-8 |- | SU Schönbrunn | '''FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf''' |3-5 |- | SC Schwarzenbach | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |1-12 |- | SPG Matrei/Neustift | '''SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens''' |3-4 |- |USK Hof | '''FC Bergheim''' |0-6 |- |Carinthians Spittal/Drau | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-2 |- | DFC Heidenreichstein | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-8 |- | FFCM Traiskirchen | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |0-7 |- | LUV Graz | '''FC Südburgenland''' |1-2 |- |Ladies Preding | '''SVg Bleiburg''' |0-1 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FFC Vorderland |2-0 |- |SG Feldkirchen/Magdalensberg | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |2-2<br>a.e.t. 1-3 pen. |- |SV Angerberg | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-13 |- |Union Geretsberg | '''Wildcats Krottendorf''' |0-4 |- |Wiener Sport-Club | '''SV Horn''' |0-9 |- |FC Altera Porta | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |1-4 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens |'''FC Bergheim''' |0-9 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |FC Südburgenland |2-0 |- | Wildcats Krottendorf |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-4 |- |FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |0-8 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FC Wacker Innsbruck |2-0 <br>a.e.t. |- |SV Horn | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |2-12 |- | SVg Bleiburg | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-7 |- | First Vienna FC | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |2-3 |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |FC Bergheim | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |1-3 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | SV Neulengbach |2-1<br>a.e.t. |- |SK Sturm Graz | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-4 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | Union Kleinmünchen |6-0 |} {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} hnxb09p5yhh9kc65k53kwsqa8dp0o70 10882454 10882377 2026-06-09T16:44:30Z Werner100359 106408 /* Quarterfinals */ 10882454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2018-19 | dates = 11 August 2028 - 8 June 2019 | winners = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] 7th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 181 | league topscorer = Fanny Vágó (12 goals) | prevseason = [[2017-18 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2017-18]] | nextseason = Canceled because of Corona }} The '''2018 -19 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 45th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. For the first time, a sponsor was secured for this competition, Sport.Land.NÖ. The official name was ''Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup''.The final took place at the Moser Medical Arena in Rohrendorf. SKN St. Pölten won the cup for the 7th time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_frauen_cup__2018_19.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |ASK Eggendorf | '''First Vienna FC''' |0-8 |- | SU Schönbrunn | '''FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf''' |3-5 |- | SC Schwarzenbach | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |1-12 |- | SPG Matrei/Neustift | '''SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens''' |3-4 |- |USK Hof | '''FC Bergheim''' |0-6 |- |Carinthians Spittal/Drau | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-2 |- | DFC Heidenreichstein | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-8 |- | FFCM Traiskirchen | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |0-7 |- | LUV Graz | '''FC Südburgenland''' |1-2 |- |Ladies Preding | '''SVg Bleiburg''' |0-1 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FFC Vorderland |2-0 |- |SG Feldkirchen/Magdalensberg | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |2-2<br>a.e.t. 1-3 pen. |- |SV Angerberg | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-13 |- |Union Geretsberg | '''Wildcats Krottendorf''' |0-4 |- |Wiener Sport-Club | '''SV Horn''' |0-9 |- |FC Altera Porta | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |1-4 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens |'''FC Bergheim''' |0-9 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |FC Südburgenland |2-0 |- | Wildcats Krottendorf |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-4 |- |FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |0-8 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FC Wacker Innsbruck |2-0 <br>a.e.t. |- |SV Horn | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |2-12 |- | SVg Bleiburg | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-7 |- | First Vienna FC | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |2-3 |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |FC Bergheim | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |1-3 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | SV Neulengbach |2-1<br>a.e.t. |- |SK Sturm Graz | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-4 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | Union Kleinmünchen |6-0 |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |Rot-Weiß Rankweil | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-11 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | SKV Altenmarkt |4-0 |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |'''SKN St. Pölten''' | USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien |2-0 |} *'''Goals:'''Zver (59.) Zagor (93.) *'''Yellow card:'''Bell (40.); Wucher (64.) *'''Referee:'''Cindy Müller *'''Venue:'''Arena, Rohrendorf *'''Attendence:''' 620 {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} *'''SKN St. Pölten:''' Hilde Gunn Olsen - Nicole Sauer - Gina Babicky - Alexandra Biroova - Julia Tabotta - Alexa Gabrielle Ben - Mateja Zver - Jasmin Eder (C) (94. Laura Krumböck) - Fanny Vago - Julia Hickelsberger-Füller (77. Jana Scharnböck) - Stefanie Enzinger (46. Bernadett Zagor) '''Coach:'''Fanny Vago *'''Union Landhaus/FK Austria Wien:''' Lucia El Dahaibiova - Nicole Sauer - Romina Bell - Cornelia Schneeweiss - Lena Stockhammer - Duygu Karkac - Martina Mädl (C) - Melanie Brunnthaler- Anna Eberhardt - Annalena Wucher - Besijana Kollinger-Pireci - Jelena Prvulovic '''Coach:'''Johannes Spilka bb5t4uoezetvkhpa4zzi0o2c4og15wj 10882509 10882454 2026-06-09T18:22:53Z Werner100359 106408 10882509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2018-19 | dates = 11 August 2028 - 8 June 2019 | winners = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] 7th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 181 | league topscorer = Fanny Vágó (12 goals) | prevseason = [[2017-18 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2017-18]] | nextseason = Canceled because of Corona }} The '''2018 -19 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 45th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. For the first time, a sponsor was secured for this competition, Sport.Land.NÖ. The official name was ''Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup''.The final took place at the Moser Medical Arena in Rohrendorf. SKN St. Pölten won the cup for the 7th time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_frauen_cup__2018_19.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |ASK Eggendorf | '''First Vienna FC''' |0-8 |- | SU Schönbrunn | '''FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf''' |3-5 |- | SC Schwarzenbach | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |1-12 |- | SPG Matrei/Neustift | '''SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens''' |3-4 |- |USK Hof | '''FC Bergheim''' |0-6 |- |Carinthians Spittal/Drau | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-2 |- | DFC Heidenreichstein | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-8 |- | FFCM Traiskirchen | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |0-7 |- | LUV Graz | '''FC Südburgenland''' |1-2 |- |Ladies Preding | '''SVg Bleiburg''' |0-1 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FFC Vorderland |2-0 |- |SG Feldkirchen/Magdalensberg | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |2-2<br>a.e.t. 1-3 pen. |- |SV Angerberg | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-13 |- |Union Geretsberg | '''Wildcats Krottendorf''' |0-4 |- |Wiener Sport-Club | '''SV Horn''' |0-9 |- |FC Altera Porta | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |1-4 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens |'''FC Bergheim''' |0-9 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |FC Südburgenland |2-0 |- | Wildcats Krottendorf |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-4 |- |FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |0-8 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FC Wacker Innsbruck |2-0 <br>a.e.t. |- |SV Horn | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |2-12 |- | SVg Bleiburg | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-7 |- | First Vienna FC | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |2-3 |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |FC Bergheim | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |1-3 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | SV Neulengbach |2-1<br>a.e.t. |- |SK Sturm Graz | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-4 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | Union Kleinmünchen |6-0 |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |Rot-Weiß Rankweil | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-11 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | SKV Altenmarkt |4-0 |} ===Final=== <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/spiele/2019/20190608skn_unio0.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |'''SKN St. Pölten''' | USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien |2-0 |} *'''Goals:'''Zver (59.) Zagor (93.) *'''Yellow card:'''Bell (40.); Wucher (64.) *'''Referee:'''Cindy Müller *'''Venue:'''Arena, Rohrendorf *'''Attendence:''' 620 *'''SKN St. Pölten:''' Hilde Gunn Olsen - Nicole Sauer - Gina Babicky - Alexandra Biroova - Julia Tabotta - Alexa Gabrielle Ben - Mateja Zver - Jasmin Eder (C) (94. Laura Krumböck) - Fanny Vago - Julia Hickelsberger-Füller (77. Jana Scharnböck) - Stefanie Enzinger (46. Bernadett Zagor) '''Coach:'''Fanny Vago *'''Union Landhaus/FK Austria Wien:''' Lucia El Dahaibiova - Nicole Sauer - Romina Bell - Cornelia Schneeweiss - Lena Stockhammer - Duygu Karkac - Martina Mädl (C) - Melanie Brunnthaler- Anna Eberhardt - Annalena Wucher - Besijana Kollinger-Pireci - Jelena Prvulovic '''Coach:'''Johannes Spilka {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:2018–19 in European football]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] lrtheka1fyd98u5qs88pnjm12e4fbnv 10883073 10882509 2026-06-10T10:53:09Z Werner100359 106408 10883073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup]] | season = 2009-10 | dates = 26 September 2009 - 13 June 2010 | winners = [[SV Neulengbach ]] 8th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 160 | league topscorer = Edith Wurm (8 goals) | prevseason = [[2008-09 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2008-09]] | nextseason = [[2010-11 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2010-11]] }} The '''2009- 10 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 36th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The final took place at the Liese Prokop Sportanlage in Rohrbach an der Gölsen. [[SV Neulengbach]] won their 8th consecutive title. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_ladies_cup__2009_10.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''ASKÖ Dionysen/Traun''' | Union Geretsberg |4-3<br>a.e.t. |- | ASKÖ Doppl/Hart | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |1-7 |- | ESV Südost | '''ASV 13 Wien''' |0-2 |- | Heeres SV Wals | '''USK Hof''' |2-7 |- |JSV Mariatrost | '''SK Kärnten''' |2-5 |- |SKV Altenmarkt | '''ASK Erlaa''' |1-5 |- | UFC Atzgersdorf/Mauer | '''SV Horn''' |0-4 |- | 1. DFC Leoben | '''LUV Graz''' |0-3 <ref>1. DFC Leoben did not play.</ref> |- | '''ASV Spratzern''' | 1. SVg Guntramsdorf |5-0 |- |DFC Heidenreichstein | '''USG Ardagger/Neustadtl''' |1-4 |- | FC Lustenau 07 | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- |SC Groß Schweinbarth | '''USC Landhaus''' |0-3 |- | '''SC St. Ruprecht/Raab''' | ASV St. Margarethen/Lavanttal |3-1 |- |SC Unterpremstätten | '''FC Südburgenland''' |0-8 |- |SV Furth | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-15 |- |SV Gloggnitz | '''FC Stattegg''' |0-3 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SV Horn |'''FC Wacker Innsbruck ''' |1-6 |- |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |SK Kärnten |2-0 |- | ASKÖ Dionysen/Traun |'''USC Landhaus''' |1-6 |- |ASV 13 Wien | '''FC Südburgenland''' |0-16 |- | ASV Spratzern | ''' ASK Erlaa''' |1-2 |- |FC Stattegg | '''SC St. Ruprecht/Raab''' |1-1 <br>a.e.t. 4-5 pen. |- | USG Ardagger/Neustadtl | '''USK Hof''' |3-7 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''SV Neulengbach''' | LUV Graz |3-0<ref>LUV did not play.</ref> |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |USK Hof | '''USC Landhaus''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' | SC St. Ruprecht/Raab |4-1 |- |FC Wacker Innsbruck | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-4 |- | '''ASK Erlaa''' | FC Südburgenland |3-2 <br>a.e.t. |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''ASK Erlaa''' | Union Kleinmünchen |2-0 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' | USC Landhaus |5-0 |} ===Final=== <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/spiele/2019/20190608skn_unio0.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |ASK Erlaa |4-0 |} *'''Goals:'''Burger (16.,82.) Rodrigues (35.,68.) *'''Yellow card: *'''Referee:'''Silke Hohenauer-Mitterl *'''Venue:'''Liese Prokop Sportanlage, Rohrbach/Gölsen *'''Attendence:''' 250 *'''SV Neulengbach:''' Jasmin Pfeiler-Dewein (85. Melissa Abiral)- Romina Bell - Monica Hickmann Alves - Ines Ruiss - Kathrin Entner (80. Alexandra Biroova) - Daniela Tasch - Celia Liese Brancao-Ribeiro - Maria Gstöttner - Fabiana Guedes Rodrigues - Nina Burger (C) - Nadine Novotny (56. Birgit Gumpenberger) ''Coach:'''Olga Hutter''' *'''ASK Erlaa:''' Beatrice Hackl - Katrin Obermann - Alexandra Baumann - Denise Feichtinger (46. Bernadette Witasek) - Claudia Rohsmann - Nina Rohsmann - Maria-Magdalena Schiefer (46. Nina Jandrisits) - Stefanie Koch-Lefevre - Erika Elias-Zillinger - Jennifer Kellner (80. Franziska Sottner)- Tanja Legenstein (C) - '''Coach:'''Rudolf Lehner {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:2018–19 in European football]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] g6e0veic16qsrs5jb2n3flih2z5shpi 10883081 10883073 2026-06-10T11:00:59Z Werner100359 106408 10883081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup]] | season = 2009-10 | dates = 26 September 2009 - 13 June 2010 | winners = [[SV Neulengbach ]] 8th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 160 | league topscorer = Edith Wurm (8 goals) | prevseason = [[2008-09 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2008-09]] | nextseason = [[2010-11 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2010-11]] }} The '''2009- 10 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 36th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The final took place at the Liese Prokop Sportanlage in Rohrbach an der Gölsen. [[SV Neulengbach]] won their 8th consecutive title. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_ladies_cup__2009_10.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''ASKÖ Dionysen/Traun''' | Union Geretsberg |4-3<br>a.e.t. |- | ASKÖ Doppl/Hart | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |1-7 |- | ESV Südost | '''ASV 13 Wien''' |0-2 |- | Heeres SV Wals | '''USK Hof''' |2-7 |- |JSV Mariatrost | '''SK Kärnten''' |2-5 |- |SKV Altenmarkt | '''ASK Erlaa''' |1-5 |- | UFC Atzgersdorf/Mauer | '''SV Horn''' |0-4 |- | 1. DFC Leoben | '''LUV Graz''' |0-3 <ref>1. DFC Leoben did not play.</ref> |- | '''ASV Spratzern''' | 1. SVg Guntramsdorf |5-0 |- |DFC Heidenreichstein | '''USG Ardagger/Neustadtl''' |1-4 |- | FC Lustenau 07 | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- |SC Groß Schweinbarth | '''USC Landhaus''' |0-3 |- | '''SC St. Ruprecht/Raab''' | ASV St. Margarethen/Lavanttal |3-1 |- |SC Unterpremstätten | '''FC Südburgenland''' |0-8 |- |SV Furth | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-15 |- |SV Gloggnitz | '''FC Stattegg''' |0-3 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SV Horn |'''FC Wacker Innsbruck ''' |1-6 |- |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |SK Kärnten |2-0 |- | ASKÖ Dionysen/Traun |'''USC Landhaus''' |1-6 |- |ASV 13 Wien | '''FC Südburgenland''' |0-16 |- | ASV Spratzern | ''' ASK Erlaa''' |1-2 |- |FC Stattegg | '''SC St. Ruprecht/Raab''' |1-1 <br>a.e.t. 4-5 pen. |- | USG Ardagger/Neustadtl | '''USK Hof''' |3-7 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''SV Neulengbach''' | LUV Graz |3-0<ref>LUV did not play.</ref> |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |USK Hof | '''USC Landhaus''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' | SC St. Ruprecht/Raab |4-1 |- |FC Wacker Innsbruck | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-4 |- | '''ASK Erlaa''' | FC Südburgenland |3-2 <br>a.e.t. |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''ASK Erlaa''' | Union Kleinmünchen |2-0 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' | USC Landhaus |5-0 |} ===Final=== <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/spiele/2019/20190608skn_unio0.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |ASK Erlaa |4-0 |} *'''Goals:'''Burger (16.,82.) Rodrigues (35.,68.) *'''Yellow card: *'''Referee:'''Silke Hohenauer-Mitterl *'''Venue:'''Liese Prokop Sportanlage, Rohrbach/Gölsen *'''Attendence:''' 250 *'''SV Neulengbach:''' Jasmin Pfeiler-Dewein (85. Melissa Abiral)- Romina Bell - Monica Hickmann Alves - Ines Ruiss - Kathrin Entner (80. Alexandra Biroova) - Daniela Tasch - Celia Liese Brancao-Ribeiro - Maria Gstöttner - Fabiana Guedes Rodrigues - Nina Burger (C) - Nadine Novotny (56. Birgit Gumpenberger) ''Coach:'''Olga Hutter''' *'''ASK Erlaa:''' Beatrice Hackl - Katrin Obermann - Alexandra Baumann - Denise Feichtinger (46. Bernadette Witasek) - Claudia Rohsmann - Nina Rohsmann - Maria-Magdalena Schiefer (46. Nina Jandrisits) - Stefanie Koch-Lefevre - Erika Elias-Zillinger - Jennifer Kellner (80. Franziska Sottner)- Tanja Legenstein (C) - '''Coach:'''Rudolf Lehner {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == h5f4ygdcmtjopt0swfkfsgz2enejy67 2 1024044 10882729 10876035 2026-06-09T23:09:37Z Leonidlednev 1133011 Logging quick deletion nomination of [[Vida the Vet]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882729 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a log of all [[WP:QD|quick deletion]] nominations made by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s QD module. 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notified {{user|ElectricbassguyNeverLeft}} 02:44, 9 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:ExpressVPN]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}) 06:19, 13 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:(⊙ ⊙;)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 08:00, 13 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:@math xplore and @Leonidlednev wants to have sex]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 08:07, 13 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:@mathXplore ❤ @Leonidlednev likes to have sex]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 08:10, 13 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:❤]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]) 08:11, 13 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Joanne Salamanca]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 05:33, 14 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Santol (Cotton Fruit)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|131.242.7.37}} 05:15, 16 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:HELPER]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2600:4040:A80C:F200:ADBA:36C6:6BC0:B26B}} 18:28, 16 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Jan Gies]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|2600:4040:A80C:F200:ADBA:36C6:6BC0:B26B}} 18:31, 16 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:European Kid]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 15:57, 22 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:George Reeves]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|124.29.212.220}} 20:25, 22 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:George Reeves]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:23, 24 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:George Reeves]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|156.208.158.194}} 16:38, 24 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Samoyedic languages]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|78.101.157.84}} 16:42, 24 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Deputy President of South Africa]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|41.113.157.65}} 18:02, 24 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Fake blocked message]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 06:54, 25 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Thatta]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|204.52.206.6}} 16:44, 31 August 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Thatta]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|204.52.206.6}} 16:45, 31 August 2023 (UTC) === September 2023 === # [[:User talk:Leventio/sandbox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 01:10, 2 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Pol Pot]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 02:16, 2 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Δεν θέλω κανέναν να παίζει μουσική]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 05:15, 6 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Leonidlednev/QD log]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 05:17, 6 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:HushPuppie280]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 05:36, 6 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:HushPuppie280 kill yr dog]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 05:42, 6 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Postmaster]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|152.26.89.209}} 15:52, 6 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:List of Secretaries of State of Texas]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|157.185.87.18}} 19:29, 6 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Rocky Marciano]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:43, 7 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Franjo Tuđman]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 15:43, 8 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Franjo Tuđman]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 08:20, 11 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Morbius (movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Moebius Academys}} 16:06, 11 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Morbius (movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 16:11, 11 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Ponyosucksass]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 16:52, 11 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Pol Pot]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|66.99.1.251}} 20:15, 11 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (word)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|168.9.35.205}} 19:50, 12 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Department of Education Organization Act]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2600:100E:B06C:2A0:C9D1:49E7:15F4:E07F}} 19:48, 13 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Rickrollandia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|175.138.94.238}} 01:08, 14 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Board game]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:16, 16 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:FBI Criminal, Cyber, Response, and Services Branch]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2600:1702:3E00:960:D92A:7BA4:AF96:8542}} 00:11, 19 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Illinois (state song)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|170.185.86.55}} 17:04, 19 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:User:ChillDeez]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 01:41, 22 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Board game]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 02:49, 22 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Leon id new]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|Malzeme bilimcilerinin ve Leon'un hesabını hacklemek istiyorum}} 08:54, 28 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:User:Fehufanga/N gger pen s]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|Malzeme bilimcilerinin ve Leon'un hesabını hacklemek istiyorum}} 08:57, 28 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Wiki-g-@-yr]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 09:06, 28 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Use:Wiki B@ yer / g @ yr]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 09:08, 28 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Fehuf@nga's penis]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 09:20, 28 September 2023 (UTC) # [[:Goodbye & Good Riddance]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|2001:8004:1BF1:FB7E:FABB:2B72:2B43:BA8A}} 06:15, 29 September 2023 (UTC) === October 2023 === # [[:Damo K]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 16:47, 2 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Im gonna compromice w iki b@y rs accnt]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 16:52, 5 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Leonidlednev/hi!]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:57, 5 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Leonidlednev/BK]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:50, 5 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:New York Police Dept 1479 Broadway · +1 212-927-3200]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:51, 5 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Leonidlednev/IUIIIIIIIIUIUIUIUI]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:56, 5 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Leonidlednev]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:14, 5 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:علاء]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 15:44, 6 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Hyh]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 15:46, 6 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Kejsi Turhani]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|49.144.9.118}} 17:26, 6 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Superpes15]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:50, 6 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Bad Robot Productions]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2601:649:2:A0:3481:740F:BC16:C412}} 05:19, 8 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:RentReporters (company)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:39, 10 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:2A0D:6FC2:5781:CB00:F417:EC25:9BA8:D42B]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|76.79.208.139}} 18:11, 12 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:French nationalism]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|65.51.187.27}} 16:25, 17 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:French nationalism]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Franco max palombino}} 16:32, 17 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Silent ball]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|199.216.81.20}} 21:01, 17 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Fanfare for St Edmundsbury]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|81.79.0.221}} 15:39, 19 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Hamza Chahi]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-subpage}}) 16:56, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Hamza Chahii]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:34, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:South Euclid Walmart shoppers, workers not allowed to leave store, due to police activity]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 17:38, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:South Euclid Walmart shoppers, workers not allowed to leave store, due to police activity]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2A00:23C8:9C02:3601:6143:651C:204D:55CC}} 17:40, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Hamza Chahii]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:40, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Hamz chahhi]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:41, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Hamza chahhi]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:41, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:M sunnat]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:41, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Md Sunnat Ali Mollikk]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:43, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Md sunnat]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:43, 20 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User:我們會和韓國語維基百科破壞者聯合銷毀原神]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 06:40, 21 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User:アイザールが再び戻ってくる]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 15:41, 23 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:User:Ban me or death]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 17:44, 25 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Rocky Balboa (movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:39, 27 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Emily Lillie's Tongue]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 16:43, 31 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:List of Things Emily Lillie Licks]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 16:46, 31 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Shelby Otwell's Pur]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 16:49, 31 October 2023 (UTC) # [[:Carly Hubble]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 17:02, 31 October 2023 (UTC) === November 2023 === # [[:Emily Lillie Licking Things]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 07:02, 6 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:User:君の一言でやる気も急上昇]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 07:08, 6 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:De-Stalinization]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:01, 8 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Woolly hippopotamus]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Jsjeenns enjenenejskskw}} 18:08, 9 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Woolly giraffe]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Jsjeenns enjenenejskskw}} 18:08, 9 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Nomenclature de l'UICPA]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2A02:C441:7C3A:0:3D63:B35C:53F3:C7AA}} 15:58, 14 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Davemadson's LT Bloopers]]: [[WP:QD#G12|CSD G12]] ({{tl|db-copyvio}}); notified {{user|2600:4040:20EF:AB00:F45D:6F48:A417:2A49}} 03:23, 15 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Rakesh Kumar Nangia (entrepreneur)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 10:12, 23 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Rajveer Purohit]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 10:15, 23 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:List of Things Emily Lillie Licks]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 04:30, 24 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Boston Bruins vs Chicago Police Department]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 00:13, 26 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:64andtim]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 00:17, 26 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Leonidlednev/QD log]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 00:20, 26 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Davemadson's LT Bloopers]]: [[WP:QD#G12|CSD G12]] ({{tl|db-copyvio}}); notified {{user|Guqeqacy}} 00:22, 26 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Dicklisted]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G8|G8]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]) 00:22, 26 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Davemadson's LT Bloopers]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 00:25, 26 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Buddy Loan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Van Bamula Eoan}} 21:12, 28 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:George Reeves]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 00:40, 30 November 2023 (UTC) # [[:Gims]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 01:28, 30 November 2023 (UTC) === December 2023 === # [[:Talk:Marxism–Leninism]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 02:35, 3 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Ting (Store Manager)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Lucarias456$}} 05:13, 3 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Miss Sahhara]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 03:43, 4 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Five Nights at Candy's]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2600:1702:57F0:B600:7DF5:EF13:96AE:B8D5}} 23:22, 8 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Carly Hubble’s Tongue]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 04:37, 10 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Muhammad Ali]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 16:41, 11 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Powerschool]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 16:21, 14 December 2023 (UTC) # [[:Phuerdai]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 21:08, 22 December 2023 (UTC) === January 2024 === # [[:Baconian method]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|151.188.201.221}} 18:21, 4 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Rocky Marciano]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:10, 10 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of days I wore shorts with a high below 75 degrees]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Guttmana8}} 15:52, 12 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Boxing gloves]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 15:54, 12 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Sanjay Govil]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:45, 13 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:DAW Datrol]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:51, 14 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Charles Ingram]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|KoopaTroopaFan2011}} 19:25, 15 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Mr. Sex God and Barney the Dinosaur: Galaxy Warriors in Humongous Mecha]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 19:27, 15 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Lizé Santana]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|69.115.130.88}} 17:19, 16 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Mike Ashley]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|147.197.250.33}} 18:32, 17 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Combat sport]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 06:10, 18 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:84.25.244.52]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 19:24, 19 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Barbie (rapper)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:40, 23 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Jayson Cesar Bautista]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 16:52, 24 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Arnel Lorenzo Bautista]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 16:53, 24 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Madonna (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|2001:56A:7557:2B00:10E3:5B:7A25:C90}} 18:31, 24 January 2024 (UTC) # [[:Regis Corporation]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 22:36, 28 January 2024 (UTC) === February 2024 === # [[:User:Dracula&Mavis4Ever2024]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Dracula&Mavis4Ever2024}} 02:12, 2 February 2024 (UTC) # [[:Love is more thicker than 4Got]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:48, 7 February 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:LMGsharu (Lost his life in Japan)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|LMGsharu (Lost his life in Japan)}} 14:56, 13 February 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:LMGsharu (AlDS Carrier)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 14:56, 13 February 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Khmer Rouge]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:37, 21 February 2024 (UTC) # [[:Dr. Michael Dent]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|96.66.130.212}} 22:02, 22 February 2024 (UTC) === March 2024 === # [[:Chuck Aspegren]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:08, 1 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:Negga fruit]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|115.147.15.88}} 00:22, 15 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Vet in the hot]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 02:09, 18 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:Prehistoric Park]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|109.205.169.52}} 18:11, 19 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Gate Automation - Abu Dhabi]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Gate Automation - Abu Dhabi}} 20:51, 20 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:Sir Edward Burgh]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:36, 21 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:Crunchbase]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|104.225.165.162}} 20:02, 21 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Lifengoal1]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Lifengoal1}} 22:27, 21 March 2024 (UTC) # [[:Uncle Man Road]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Monkeria4747}} 23:16, 31 March 2024 (UTC) === April 2024 === # [[:Talk:Joshua Wong]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:54, 4 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:Hermeneutics]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|89.19.89.110}} 15:56, 5 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:Template:Blowjob plz]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|89.19.89.110}} 16:01, 5 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Arslansumra7]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Arslansumra7}} 18:47, 17 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:Segway PT]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|216.107.197.35}} 18:25, 19 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:List of megatall skyscrapers]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|94.207.81.230}} 18:25, 19 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:FIRST]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|216.107.197.35}} 18:27, 19 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:African Americans and HIV]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 20:45, 19 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:MBC Action]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 20:44, 21 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:European theatre of World War II]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|96.4.78.129}} 17:21, 22 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:Tiffany (Carrie’s Daycare)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|174.251.160.210}} 23:08, 24 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:David (Carrie’s Daycare)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:08, 24 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:Carrie’s Daycare]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:09, 24 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:I love fire]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|73.17.224.167}} 20:52, 26 April 2024 (UTC) # [[:Mhd sbg u8dnhzsarket forms]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2601:CA:4300:A300:39DE:D2B2:5D4D:B53E}} 18:32, 29 April 2024 (UTC) === May 2024 === # [[:User:Im the real man that will go to home]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 05:26, 6 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Hongseong]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|102.22.174.204}} 14:41, 7 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:JFK (movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|209.237.126.45}} 18:51, 8 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Jimmy WaIes and Larry Sanger got prosecuted by the Israeli police because theyre jews]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 02:29, 9 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Sebs big cock]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Sebs big coc}} 17:59, 9 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Joshua Wong]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 22:02, 12 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Buș]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|216.220.82.58}} 18:04, 13 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Not Very Nice Club]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|151.188.213.144}} 18:16, 13 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Hlaingthayar]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Blud is tweakin}} 20:21, 13 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Superpartner]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|62.241.165.170}} 21:40, 13 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Chinese numerals]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|169.244.87.2}} 15:38, 14 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:BBC Four HD]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:58, 14 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:User talk:ハイプショット]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}) 01:57, 16 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Headcorn]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|194.81.238.71}} 14:12, 16 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:What is that ride at a carnival that has long swings]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|192.149.67.152}} 20:48, 16 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Joseph kargbo rapper]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 15:30, 20 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Fortnite cup]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|210.55.227.139}} 21:22, 20 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Human: Fall Flat]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|151.188.227.214}} 15:07, 21 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Excitement]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|185.92.29.25}} 15:18, 21 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Xenix]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|146.166.250.210}} 17:44, 22 May 2024 (UTC) # [[:Infinite series]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|70.120.45.122}} 01:02, 29 May 2024 (UTC) === June 2024 === # [[:Food industry]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|82.20.172.114}} 21:02, 5 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Proposed top-level domain]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:20, 11 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Num banhchok]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|203.37.238.94}} 02:14, 12 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:United Kingdom Ireland Sjsjsjsjsjjssjsjjw]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Esfansa}} 20:43, 12 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Egxexotics]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Egxexotics}} 00:24, 17 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:SAQIBBLOGGER]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|SAQIBBLOGGER}} 18:14, 18 June 2024 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Tom Hiddleston]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:02, 27 June 2024 (UTC) === July 2024 === # [[:Nowhere Boys]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 01:31, 18 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:The Amazing Extraordinary Friends]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 01:33, 18 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Matchbox Pictures]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|201.162.236.22}} 01:34, 18 July 2024 (UTC) # [[:Nowhere Boys]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}) 01:37, 18 July 2024 (UTC) === August 2024 === # [[:German Labour Front]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|81.179.118.244}} 16:46, 13 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Multivitus]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Multivitus}} 15:18, 14 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:See You Again (Miley Cyrus song)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|76.189.6.117}} 18:03, 14 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Eapen Chacko]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Eapen Chacko}} 22:21, 23 August 2024 (UTC) # [[:STS Global]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2405:201:A016:C832:95CE:44C8:F2A8:762B}} 18:10, 28 August 2024 (UTC) === September 2024 === # [[:Jalapeño ranch]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|71.66.8.58}} 18:02, 5 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Skibidi toilet ohio rizz]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|71.66.8.58}} 18:03, 5 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:FabRap]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:203A:54AA:249D:1B4C:761:C7D4}} 18:24, 10 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:User:Sarah1taylor]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sarah1taylor}} 17:08, 12 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Earthquake-resistant]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|66.244.35.17}} 20:26, 12 September 2024 (UTC) # [[:Benvenuto di giovanni]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|205.220.213.11}} 16:40, 17 September 2024 (UTC) === December 2024 === # [[:All You Need Is Cash]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|108.54.233.230}} 21:10, 9 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:Dante Antonio Muñoz Carriman]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:15, 21 December 2024 (UTC) # [[:MiniToon]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 23:16, 21 December 2024 (UTC) === January 2025 === # [[:Amazon MGM Studios]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|64.233.226.130}} 19:25, 13 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:Turing Pharmaceuticals]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|142.196.254.254}} 17:54, 22 January 2025 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Zjholder]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|I am da goat2025}} 20:51, 23 January 2025 (UTC) === February 2025 === # [[:User talk:176.213.135.181]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 18:56, 7 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Khalida Ouafi]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sarita chan}} 19:25, 19 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Kargbo]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:29, 24 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Compact (car)]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2600:1009:B00D:620B:742C:5593:B6D3:DCDC}} 17:58, 24 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wow spider-man! what a nice dick!]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 17:59, 26 February 2025 (UTC) # [[:EDP445's cupcake]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}) 18:06, 26 February 2025 (UTC) === May 2025 === # [[:Brothers After All Allman Brothers Tribute]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 20:08, 6 May 2025 (UTC) # [[:Disney Tsum Tsum]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|181.42.244.154}} 22:07, 30 May 2025 (UTC) === June 2025 === # [[:User:Selfinvolver]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 06:59, 2 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:User talk:AOC 2028]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 21:49, 6 June 2025 (UTC) === September 2025 === # [[:52-800 880 0943 ¿Cómo me puedo comunicar con Delta?]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]) 17:28, 10 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:52-800 880 0943 ¿Cómo hablo con alguien en Delta?]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]) 17:29, 10 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:52-800 880 0943 ¿Cómo hablar con una persona en Delta?]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]) 17:30, 10 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:Karthick Krishna m s]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 20:12, 13 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Persoanele gay sunt absolut răi]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 02:35, 17 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:Jak skontaktować się z Lufthansą?]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]) 05:26, 17 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Days to create me a goliday]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 22:21, 23 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Plantaest vs Yummie1207]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G8|G8]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 23:43, 23 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Yummie1207]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G8|G8]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 23:44, 23 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:User talk:DefenderTienMinh06]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 23:45, 23 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:User:Russell is the mountain]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]) 23:12, 24 September 2025 (UTC) # [[:Shrek 7]]: [[WP:QD#R3|CSD R3]] ({{tl|db-redirtypo}}) 22:29, 25 September 2025 (UTC) === October 2025 === # [[:List of Indian state flags]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2025-28738-53}} 13:36, 16 October 2025 (UTC) # [[:List of Indian state emblems]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2025-28738-53}} 13:53, 16 October 2025 (UTC) === January 2026 === # [[:Bert McDowell Jr.]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 22:27, 30 January 2026 (UTC) === February 2026 === # [[:Mathias trøan isaksen]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 19:25, 7 February 2026 (UTC) === April 2026 === # [[:1440 Yuki Shiromitas Timer (Every 60 Yuki Shiromitas in Africa, a minute passes)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:28, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:1200 Yuki Shiromitas (Every 60 Yuki Shiromitas in Africa, a minute passes)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 17:29, 22 April 2026 (UTC) === May 2026 === # [[:User:Hil ter is way better than justin bieber]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]); notified {{user|Hil ter is way better than justin bieber}} 10:55, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Gorosei and Holy Knights]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 06:03, 26 May 2026 (UTC) === June 2026 === # [[:Multi-stop truck]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-32330-30}} 01:18, 1 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vida the Vet]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Lupin2022}} 23:09, 9 June 2026 (UTC) qw729rdu2lcjlsqkors055q51vu2xs4 1 1029687 10882488 10342782 2026-06-09T17:34:59Z ~2026-33901-20 1819211 /* Krypton */ new section 10882488 wikitext text/x-wiki == Krypton == Can you make more seasons season seven season eight season nine season 10 season 11 and season 12 [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33901-20|&#126;2026-33901-20]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33901-20|talk]]) 17:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) qkueln8abpr5rocpotvuoh7uoczi2n2 0 1035439 10883021 10867079 2026-06-10T09:27:51Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new) | name = Urinary incontinence | image = Female and Male Urethra.jpg | caption = Anatomy of the lower urinary tract and genital system. The top diagram shows the female urinary system, and the bottom shows the male urinary system. | pronounce = | synonyms = Involuntary urination | field = [[Urology]], [[gynecology]] | symptoms = burning, itching | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency =Common | deaths = }} '''Urinary incontinence''' is another name for not being able to control when or where [[urination]] (peeing) happens. == Definition and symptoms == Urinary incontinence can mean accidental urination. It is a common condition (especially in people over 65). It has a big effect a person's [[quality of life|life]].<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Ackley B | title = Nursing diagnosis handbook : an evidence-based guide to planning care | url = https://archive.org/details/nursingdiagnosis0000unse_y6x4 |edition=9th| publisher = Mosby | location = Maryland Heights, Mo | year = 2010 | isbn = 9780323071505 }}</ref> Other problems may exist alongside urinary continence. These problems affect the same part of the body. Sometimes the problem is something physical. It is an important problem in healthcare for older people.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Venes D | title = Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary | url = https://archive.org/details/taberscyclopedic0000unse_r8g9 | publisher = F.A. Davis | location = Philadelphia | year = 2013 | isbn = 9780803629776 }}</ref> It happens to a lot of people. Urinary incontinence can be a source of shame. This can be when the urinary incontinence is caused by an UI or UTI from [[unsafe sex]]. This shame makes the problem worse.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://gutscharity.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Continence-needs-report-C402-August-2018.pdf |title="My bladder and bowel own my life." A collaborative workshop addressing the need for continence research. |publisher=Age UK |year=2018 |access-date=2023-08-04 |archive-date=2022-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114220931/https://gutscharity.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Continence-needs-report-C402-August-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is because some people may be too embarrassed to seek medical help for urinary incontinence. == Cause and diagnosis == Many things can cause urinary incontinence. Pelvic surgery, [[pregnancy]], [[childbirth]], and [[menopause]] are major risk factors for urinary incontinence.<ref name=womengov>{{cite web | title = Urinary incontinence fact sheet | publisher=Womenshealth.gov | date = July 16, 2012| url = https://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/urinary-incontinence.html| access-date = 2016-12-05 }}</ref> Urinary incontinence can be a [[symptom]] of another condition. Some people might not even tell their doctor about it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_news/current/nps_news_66_managing_urinary_incontinence_in_primary_care|title=Medicinewise News|work=NPS MedicineWise|access-date=2013-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630171922/http://www.nps.org.au/health_professionals/publications/nps_news/current/nps_news_66_managing_urinary_incontinence_in_primary_care|archive-date=2012-06-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are four main types of urinary incontinence:<ref name=Mayo2008>{{cite book| vauthors = Ghosh AK |title=Mayo Clinic internal medicine concise textbook|date=2008|publisher=Mayo Clinic Scientific Press|location=Rochester, MN|isbn=9781420067514|page=339|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJtodBwNxokC&pg=PA339}}</ref> * [[Urge incontinence]] due to an bladder problem * [[Stress incontinence]] due to urethral sphincter [[muscle]] weakness<ref>{{Cite book| vauthors = Santoro GA, Murad-Regadas S, Causa L, Mellgren A |title=Pelvic Floor Disorders: Surgical Approach|date=19 November 2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-88-470-5441-7| veditors = Gaspari AL, Pierpaolo S |location=Milan|pages=58|oclc=863638540 }}</ref> * [[Overflow incontinence]] due to either weak bladder or blockage of the [[urethra]] * [[Mixed incontinence]] involving features of more than one type == Treatment and epidemiology == There are treatments for urinary incontinence. These things can help: [[pelvic floor muscle training]], [[bladder training]], [[surgery]], and electrical stimulation.<ref name=Sham2012/> Counselling works better than medication for stress and urge incontinence.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Balk EM, Rofeberg VN, Adam GP, Kimmel HJ, Trikalinos TA, Jeppson PC | title = Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 170 | issue = 7 | pages = 465–479 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 30884526 | doi = 10.7326/M18-3227 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The benefit of medications is small and long term safety is unclear.<ref name=Sham2012>{{cite journal | title = Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness | journal = Comparative Effectiveness Reviews | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22624162 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0042108 | publisher = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) | series = AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews | last1 = Shamliyan | first1 = T. | last2 = Wyman | first2 = J. | last3 = Kane | first3 = R. L. }}</ref> Urinary incontinence is more common in older women.<ref>{{cite web|title=Urinary Incontinence in Older Adults|url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/urinary-incontinence-older-adults|website=National Institute on Aging|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> ==Related pages== *[[Nocturnal enuresis]] ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *https://nafc.org/conditions-overview/ [[Category:Medical signs]] [[Category:Women's health]] aw40b5pd73ozeah6dalwyf9pry19w4c 0 1041427 10882991 10771523 2026-06-10T07:42:55Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882991 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mozilla Firefox == {{main|Mozilla Firefox}} {{Multiple image | width = 150 | image1 = Firefox110DarkThemeWindows11.png | caption1 = Firefox 110 in Windows 11. | image2 = Phoenix 0.1.png | caption2 = Firefox back in its early beta days in Sept. 2002. | direction = vertical }} [[Mozilla Firefox]] is a free and open-source web browser made by [[Mozilla Foundation]] and Mozilla Corporation. Firefox uses the Gecko and SpiderMonkey engine to load web pages. Both engines use the newest standards, making it easier for others to be used as a base.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why we forked Firefox and not Chromium|url=https://0x65.dev/blog/2019-12-17/why-we-forked-firefox-and-not-chromium.html|access-date=2023-08-26|website=Tech @ Cliqz|language=en}}</ref> Firefox in [[iOS]], however, does not use the said engines. Firefox was created in 2002 by Mozilla community members. Even back in early testing, it was praised for speed and other features, as compared to its major competitor [[Internet Explorer|Internet Explorer 6]]. == List of web browsers based on Firefox (active) == Listed below in alphabetical order, are the web browsers that are based on Firefox. === Basilisk === [[:en:Basilisk_(web_browser)|Basilisk]] is an open-source web browser. It is available for [[Microsoft Windows]], Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS. It is a fork of Firefox designed to look and feel similar to Firefox 29 to 56 which utilizes the Australis theme. === Floorp === [https://floorp.app/ Floorp] is a free and open-source web browser based on Firefox ESR, emphasizing user privacy and offering extensive customization options like layout, design, and dual sidebar functionalities. It prioritizes privacy by blocking malicious trackers, preventing fingerprinting, and not collecting user data. Regular updates, including security patches before official Firefox releases, ensure its stability and functionality. Being completely open-source allows users to contribute to its development and fosters community involvement. === GNU IceCat === [https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuzilla/ GNU IceCat] (previously called GNU IceWeasel) is a completely free version of Mozilla Firefox made by the [[GNU Project]]. [[File:Icecatdefaultsquantum.png|thumb|Screenshot of GNU IceCat when it is opened for the first time.]] Mozilla makes free and open-source software, but some files are non-free. The GNU Project aims to keep up IceCat with Firefox Extended Support Releases while replacing non-free files with free ones. It is available for [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]], and PowerPC architectures. The current copies are only for [[Linux]] and [[macOS]], with unofficial copies for Windows and [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=GNU Icecat — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software|url=https://www.fsf.org/working-together/gang/icecat|access-date=2023-08-26|website=www.fsf.org}}</ref> [[File:LibreWolf version 111 with default dark theme.png|thumb|Wikipedia on LibreWolf v111 on KDE Plasma 5.]] === Librewolf === [https://librewolf.net/ Librewolf] is a free and open-source browser with a focus on privacy and security. Some features from Firefox, like Pocket are turned off. It also removes telemetry (gathering user data) and has [[uBlock Origin]] pre-installed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hasan |first1=Mehedi |title=LibreWolf: A Trusted Open-source Firefox Fork for Linux |url=https://ubuntupit.com/librewolf-a-trusted-open-source-firefox-fork-for-linux/ |website=Ubuntu Pit |accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LibreWolf: a privacy-focused Firefox fork |url=https://ubunlog.com/en/freewolf/ |website=ubunlog |accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> It is available for Linux, Windows, and MacOS. There are also some unofficial builds for [[FreeBSD]] and [[OpenBSD]].<ref>{{cite web |title=LibreWolf, a Firefox prepared to be more private as soon as you start it |url=https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/librewolf-a-firefox-prepared-to-be-more-private-nothing-to-be-installed.html |website=Linuxaddicted |accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> [[File:Pale Moon screenshot 32.3.1.png|thumb|Screenshot of Pale Moon 32.3.1 running on Windows 11.]] === Pale Moon === [[:en:Pale_Moon|Pale Moon]] is an open-source web browser, with a focus on customization. It is available for [[Microsoft Windows]], FreeBSD, macOS and Linux. Pale Moon has become different from Firefox in a lot of ways: * It uses Strata design from Firefox 4-28 * Supports XUL and XPCOM extensions * Supports "Complete Themes" that can change all designs of the browser * Supports NPAPI plugins * Replaces Gecko engine with Goanna (fork) * Always runs in single-process mode === Waterfox === {{Multiple image | width = 150 | image1 = Waterfox in Wikipedia.png | caption1 = Screenshot of Waterfox G5.1.9 running on Windows 10. | image2 = Waterfox Classic in Wikipedia.png | caption2 = Screenshot of Waterfox Classic running on Windows 10. | direction = vertical }} {{main|Waterfox}} Waterfox is a free and open-source browser, focused on speed and privacy. It was first made for 64-bit systems, back before when Firefox was only for 32-bit. It also works with Chrome and Opera extensions. It turns off telemetry and Pocket by default. === Zen Browser === [[:en:Zen_Browser|Zen Browser]] is a free open-source community driven browser that focuses on custom-ability, maximizing screen estate and vertical tab based browser. It blends several features from well-known browsers like: Arc Browser, Edge Chromium Browser, Vivaldi, Opera (presto), and other browser that focus on new/power-user eccentric features. Zen browser works on any well known [[operating system]], Linux, Windows, MacOS. It has several key focused features like : Workspace, Compact Mode, Split Views, Sidebar, and Zen Glance.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Zen!|url=https://docs.zen-browser.app/welcome-to-zen|access-date=2025-01-06|website=docs.zen-browser.app|language=en|archive-date=2025-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106153324/https://docs.zen-browser.app/welcome-to-zen|url-status=dead}}</ref> == List of web browsers based on Firefox (discontinued) == Listed below in alphabetical order are now-discontinued web browsers based on Firefox. === Cliqz === Cliqz was a privacy-focused [[search engine]] and [[web browser]] made by Cliqz GmbH. It was available for desktop, mobile, and as an add-on for Firefox. [[File:Cliqz browser start page.png|thumb|Start page of Cliqz browser with the most visited sites, favorites, and news.]] It came with an anti-tracking feature and its search engine that uses its list of [[Webpage|web pages]] to give search bar suggestions.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lomas|first1=Natasha|title=Mozilla invests in Germany’s Cliqz, a private search browser|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/08/23/mozilla-invests-in-germanys-cliqz-a-private-search-browser/|website=TechCrunch|ref=2|accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> On April 29, 2020, Cliqz said that it would end development for its browser and search engine.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stommel|first1=Dorothy|title=Cliqz closes areas for browser and search technologies|url=https://www.burda.com/en/news/cliqz-closes-areas-browser-and-search-technologies/|website=Hubert Burda Media|ref=3|accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> === CometBird === CometBird was a web browser based on Firefox, made by BitComet. It works with [[Windows 98]] up to [[Windows 11]]. It has a bookmark auto-sync, which helps to use the bookmarks with many devices. It also had a built-in media downloader and translator. By 2015, its development ended.<ref>{{cite web|title=CometBird|url=https://download.cnet.com/CometBird/3000-2356_4-10973932.html|website=Cnet|ref=4|accessdate=27 August 2023|archive-date=27 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827035334/https://download.cnet.com/CometBird/3000-2356_4-10973932.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Comodo IceDragon === Comodo IceDragon was an open-source web browser made by the Comodo Group for Windows. IceDragon has SiteInspector that checks if a web page is malicious before the user visits it. It also uses Comodo's Secure DNS service instead of using the [[Domain Name System|DNS]] of the [[internet service provider]]. The Secure DNS aims to load pages faster and make browsing safer as it blocks malicious website connections live.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comodo IceDragon|url=https://download.cnet.com/Comodo-IceDragon/3000-2356_4-75856204.html|access-date=2023-08-26|website=Download.com|language=en|archive-date=2023-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827035334/https://download.cnet.com/Comodo-IceDragon/3000-2356_4-75856204.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Comodo IceDragon and Comodo Dragon browsers for Windows PC|url=https://www.thewindowsclub.com/comodo-icedragon-browser-review-download|website=TheWindowsClub|accessdate=27 August 2023}}</ref> === Ghostery Private Browser === [https://www.ghostery.com/ghostery-private-browser Ghostery Private Browser] is a browser based on Firefox with [[Ghostery]] extension built-in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunsetting the Ghostery Private Browser|url=https://www.ghostery.com/blog/ghostery-private-browser-discontinued|access-date=2025-04-23|website=Ghostery|language=en}}</ref> === Waterfox Classic === Waterfox Classic is a copy of Waterfox for older systems. It uses an older copy of Gecko that works with XUL and XPCOM add-ons. It is currently being kept up with security changes from Waterfox and Firefox ESR but on a slower pace compared to Waterfox and Firefox ESR.{{Efn|Waterfox Classic has not been updated in over a year which is why it is considered discontinued.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Release Waterfox Classic 2022.11 · BrowserWorks/Waterfox-Classic|url=https://github.com/BrowserWorks/Waterfox-Classic/releases/tag/2022.11-classic|access-date=2024-06-22|website=GitHub|language=en}}</ref>}} == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Computer-related lists]] [[Category:Web browsers based on Firefox| ]] [[Category:Web browsers]] mp362hslyjpsefjfhdh7lc8033wigtd 0 1051794 10882790 10656455 2026-06-10T00:53:19Z Freakydentist411 1787214 updated something 10882790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diary of a Wimpy Kid: No Brainer''' is a children's [[book]] written by [[Jeff Kinney]]. It is the eighteenth book in the [[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (series)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid series]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid: No Brainer · Books · Wimpy Kid · Official|url=https://wimpykid.com/books/diary-of-a-wimpy-kid-book-18/|access-date=2023-10-03|website=Wimpy Kid|language=en}}</ref> It was released on October 24, 2023. The story is about Gregory "Greg" Heffley, who tries to save his [[school]] before it closes down forever.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Brainer-Diary-Wimpy-Kid-Book/dp/1419766945/ref=sr_1_2?crid=186O3BNLO4GRC&keywords=diary+of+a+wimpy+kid&qid=1696358808&sprefix=,aps,197&sr=8-2|title=No Brainer|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=2023-10-24|publisher=Amulet Books|isbn=978-1-4197-6694-7|language=English}}</ref> {{Infobox book | author = Jeff Kinney | language = English | country = United States | genre = Children's comedy | series = [[Diary of a Wimpy Kid]] | media_type = [[book]] | pub_date = October 24, 2023 | preceded_by = [[Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Diper Överlöde]] | publisher = Amulet Books (USA) }} == Story == Greg Heffley has not liked being in [[middle school]] throughout the [[book series]]. The people who are in charge of his [[town]] say they will close down the school. At first, Greg is happy that the school will be closed down. He soon finds out that he will go to a different school than his best friend, Rowley Jefferson. This makes him no longer want to go to a different school, so Greg and his classmates work together to try and save the school. <!-- This may need to be changed upon release. --> == References == <references /> [[Category:Children's books]] {{lit-stub}} ensnxju1bv9y3668prfjrauksj7elo1 0 1076015 10883074 10826297 2026-06-10T10:56:20Z ~2026-34338-57 1819556 /* Combined reigns */ 10883074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|WWE's world title made in 2023|the title of the same name existing from 2002 to 2013|World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)}} {{Infobox pro wrestling championship | name = World Heavyweight Championship | image = Damian Priest, WrestleMania XL.jpg | image_upright = | image_size = | alt = | caption = One-time champion [[Damian Priest]] | currentholder = [[Roman Reigns]] | won = April 19, 2026 | aired = <!-- The date the title change aired if different from "won" as some promotions officially recognize the air date for the start of a reign and not the date the match actually took place. --> | vacated = <!--If the title is vacated, leave "currentholder" and "won" blank and put the vacation date here. The infobox will automatically format the rest.--> | created = April 24, 2023 | promotion = [[WWE]] | brand = [[Raw (WWE brand)|Raw]] | firstchamp = [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]] | mostreigns = *[[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] <br> *[[Seth Rollins]]<br> *[[CM Punk]]<br>(2 reigns) | longestreign = [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]]<br>(1st reign, 316 days) | shortestreign = [[CM Punk]]<br>(1st reign, 5 minutes and 9 seconds) | oldest = [[CM Punk]]<br>({{age in years and days|1978|10|26|2025|11|01}}) | youngest = [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]]<br>({{age in years and days|1987|08|20|2024|08|03}}) | heaviest = [[Drew McIntyre]]<br>{{nobr|({{convert|275|lb|kg|abbr=on}})}} | lightest = [[CM Punk]]<br>{{nobr|({{convert|218|lb|kg|abbr=on}})}} }} The '''World Heavyweight Championship''' is a [[professional wrestling]] world championship in [[WWE]] for the men of the [[WWE Raw|Raw]] [[WWE brand extension|brand]]. It is one of two world titles on WWE's main roster, along with the [[WWE Championship]] on [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]. The first champion was [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]], who defeated [[AJ Styles]] in a tournament final at [[Night of Champions (2023)|Night of Champions]] on May 27, 2023. Right now the champion is [[Roman Reigns]], who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating previous champion [[CM Punk]] on the second night of [[WrestleMania 42]] on April 19, 2026, in [[Paradise, Nevada]].<ref name=Roman-Reigns/> The title does not continue the history of WWE's [[World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)|old World Heavyweight Championship]] from 2002 until 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/world-heavyweight-title|title=World Heavyweight Title|publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ==History== [[File:Seth Rollins, WrestleMania XL (cropped).jpg|thumb|First, record-tying two-time and longest-reigning champion [[Seth Rollins]]]] On the April 24, 2023, episode of ''[[WWE Raw|Monday Night Raw]]'', [[Triple H]] announced the 2023 WWE Draft, a process used to decide which wrestlers are exclusive to a [[WWE brand extension|brand]]. He then said that Undisputed WWE Universal Champion [[Roman Reigns]] defended the title less because of his contract. So Triple H announced that the brand Reigns would go to in the draft would become the exclusive home to him and the undisputed championship. Triple H also presented a new World Heavyweight Championship that would be defended on the other brand and announced that the first champion would be crowned at [[Night of Champions (2023)|Night of Champions]] on May 27, 2023.<ref name="Raw04242023">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|author-link=Wade Keller|title=4/24 WWE Raw results: Keller's report on Triple H announcement, Bad Bunny appearing in person, Rey vs. Priest|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2023/04/24/4-24-wwe-monday-night-raw-results-kellers-report-on-bad-bunny-appearing-in-person-rey-vs-priest-last-pre-wwe-draft-episode/|date=April 24, 2023|work=[[Pro Wrestling Torch]]|access-date=April 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425110018/https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2023/04/24/4-24-wwe-monday-night-raw-results-kellers-report-on-bad-bunny-appearing-in-person-rey-vs-priest-last-pre-wwe-draft-episode/|archive-date=April 25, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/wwe/news/wwe-world-heavyweight-championship-triple-h-introduced-wwe-raw/|title=Triple H Introduces WWE's New World Heavyweight Championship Title|date=April 24, 2023|last=Casey|first=Connor|work=[[ComicBook.com]]|access-date=April 24, 2023}}</ref> During night one of the draft on the April 28 episode of ''[[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]]'', Reigns was drafted to SmackDown, this made the World Heavyweight Championship exclusive to Raw.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/results/wwe-smackdown-live-results-wwe-draft-begins|title=WWE SmackDown live results: The WWE Draft begins|date=April 28, 2023|last=Bath|first=Dave|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=April 28, 2023}}</ref> During the [[Backlash (2023)|Backlash]] press conference on May 5, 2023, Triple H announced a tournament for the title including wrestlers from both brands with a bracket for each brand. The first round and semifinals for each bracket took place for the May 8 and May 12 episodes of ''Raw'' and ''SmackDown''. The first-round matches for each episode consisted of two [[Professional_wrestling match types#Series matches|triple threat matches]] with the winners going to the semifinals in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Singles match|singles match]] the same night, with those winners wrestling in the championship match at Night of Champions.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tessier|first=Colin|title=Triple H: World Heavyweight Title Tournament Will Begin On 5/8 WWE Raw, Continue On 5/12 SmackDown|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/triple-h-world-heavyweight-title-tournament-will-begin-58-wwe-raw-continue-512-smackdown|work=Fightful|date=May 5, 2023|access-date=May 5, 2023}}</ref> The wrestlers for the World Heavyweight Championship Tournament were announces on May 7 on WWE's [[YouTube]] channel: [[Cody Rhodes]], [[Damian Priest]], [[Finn Bálor]], [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]], [[Shinsuke Nakamura]], and [[The Miz]] from Raw, and [[AJ Styles]], [[Austin Theory]], [[Bobby Lashley]], [[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]], [[Rey Mysterio]], and [[Sheamus]] from SmackDown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/wwe/wwe-reveals-participants-for-world-heavyweight-title-tournament|title=WWE reveals participants for World Heavyweight title tournament|date=May 7, 2023|last=Carey|first=Ian|work=[[Wrestling Observer Figure Four Online]]|access-date=May 7, 2023}}</ref> On the May 8 episode of ''Raw'', Rollins defeated Nakamura and Priest in the first triple threat while Bálor defeated Miz and Rhodes in the second. Rollins defeated Bálor in the semifinals to win Raw's bracket.<ref name="Raw05082023">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|title=WWE Raw Results (5-8-2023): Keller's report with analysis of World Title Tournament matches, Backlash fallout, Trish|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2023/05/08/wwe-raw-results-5-8-2023-kellers-report-with-analysis-of-world-title-tournament-matches-backlash-fallout-trish/|date=May 8, 2023|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 8, 2023}}</ref> On the May 12 episode of ''SmackDown'', Styles defeated Edge and Mysterio in the first triple threat while Lashley defeated Sheamus and Theory in the second. Styles defeated Lashley in the semifinals to win SmackDown's bracket, which set up the tournament final between Rollins and Styles.<ref name="SmackDown05122023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=5/12 WWE Friday Night Smackdown results: Powell’s review of Roman Reigns’ return, AJ Styles vs. Edge vs. Rey Mysterio, and Austin Theory vs. Bobby Lashley vs. Sheamus tournament matches, winners meet for a spot in the WWE World Heavyweight Championship match|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/05/12/5-12-wwe-friday-night-smackdown-results-powells-review-of-roman-reigns-return-aj-styles-vs-edge-vs-rey-mysterio-and-austin-theory-vs-bobby-lashley-vs-sheamus-tournament-matches-winners-mee/|date=May 12, 2023|work=Pro Wrestling Torch|access-date=May 12, 2023}}</ref> At Night of Champions, Rollins defeated Styles to become the first World Heavyweight Champion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/seth-rollins-becomes-inaugural-wwe-world-heavyweight-champion-wwe-night-champions|title=Seth Rollins Becomes Inaugural WWE World Heavyweight Champion At WWE Night Of Champions|date=May 27, 2023|last=Lambert|first=Jeremy|work=Fightful|access-date=May 28, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NOC2023"/> The title was defended for the first time on the June 5 episode of ''Raw''.<ref name="Raw06052023">{{cite web|last=Keller|first=Wade|author-link=Wade Keller|title=WWE Raw results (6/5): Keller's report with analysis of Seth defending World Title against Damian Priest, Cody Rhodes on Miz TV, MITB qualifiers|url=https://www.pwtorch.com/site/2023/06/05/wwe-raw-results-6-5-kellers-report-with-analysis-of-seth-defending-world-title-against-damian-priest-cody-rhodes-on-miz-tv-mitb-qualifiers/|date=June 5, 2023|work=[[Pro Wrestling Torch]]|access-date=June 5, 2023}}</ref> ==Reigns== As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}. {{Professional wrestling title history top|active=yes}} {{PWtitlereign |sort number = 0.5 |type = promotion |name = [[WWE]]: [[WWE Raw|Raw]] }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 1 |champion = [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|May 27, 2023}} |days = {{age in days nts|May 27, 2023|April 7, 2024}} |location = [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] |event = [[Night of Champions (2023)|Night of Champions]] |notes = The title was created and made exclusive to Raw after the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship became exclusive to SmackDown following the 2023 WWE Draft. Rollins defeated [[AJ Styles]] in the tournament final to become the first champion. |ref = <ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Gregory|title=Triple H introduces the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://www.wwe.com/article/triple-h-introduces-the-world-heavyweight-championship|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 24, 2023|access-date=April 24, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NOC2023">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Night of Champions results: Powell's live review of Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn vs. Roman Reigns and Solo Sikoa for the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Titles, Brock Lesnar vs. Cody Rhodes, Seth Rollins vs. AJ Styles for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, Bianca Belair vs. Asuka for the Raw Women's Title|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/05/27/wwe-night-of-champions-results-powells-live-review-of-kevin-owens-and-sami-zayn-vs-roman-reigns-and-solo-sikoa-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-team-titles-brock-lesnar-vs-cody-rhodes-seth-rollins-vs/|date=May 27, 2023|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|access-date=May 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527173019/https://prowrestling.net/site/2023/05/27/wwe-night-of-champions-results-powells-live-review-of-kevin-owens-and-sami-zayn-vs-roman-reigns-and-solo-sikoa-for-the-undisputed-wwe-tag-team-titles-brock-lesnar-vs-cody-rhodes-seth-rollins-vs/|archive-date=May 27, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 2 |champion = [[Drew McIntyre]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 7, 2024}} |days = <1 |location = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = [[WrestleMania XL]]<br>{{small|Night 2}} |notes = |ref = <ref name="WM40N2">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania XL results: Powell’s live review of night two with Roman Reigns vs. Cody Rhodes for the WWE Universal Championship with Bloodline Rules, Seth Rollins vs. Drew McIntyre for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/07/wrestlemania-xl-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-cody-rhodes-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-with-bloodline-rules-seth-rollins-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-world-heav/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 7, 2024|access-date=April 7, 2024}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 3 |champion = [[Damian Priest]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 7, 2024}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 7, 2024|August 3, 2024}} |location = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania|PA]] |event = [[WrestleMania XL]]<br>{{small|Night 2}} |notes = This was Priest's [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money in the Bank cash-in match]]. |ref = <ref name="WM40N2"/> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 4 |champion = [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|August 3, 2024}} |days = {{age in days nts|August 3, 2024|April 19, 2025}} |location = [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio|OH]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2024)|SummerSlam]] |notes = |ref = <ref name="SSlam2024">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE SummerSlam results: Powell’s review of Cody Rhodes vs. Solo Sikoa in a Bloodline Rules match for the WWE Championship, Damian Priest vs. Gunther for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/08/03/wwe-summerslam-results-powells-review-of-cody-rhodes-vs-solo-sikoa-in-a-bloodline-rules-match-for-the-wwe-championship-damian-priest-vs-gunther-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=August 3, 2024|access-date=August 3, 2024}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 5 |champion = [[Jey Uso]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 19, 2025}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 19, 2025|June 9, 2025}} |location = [[Paradise, NV]] |event = [[WrestleMania 41]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = |ref = <ref name="WM41N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 41 results: Powell's live review of night one with Roman Reigns vs. CM Punk vs. Seth Rollins, Gunther vs. Jey Uso for the World Heavyweight Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/wrestlemania-41-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-roman-reigns-vs-cm-punk-vs-seth-rollins-gunther-vs-jey-uso-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 19, 2025|access-date=April 19, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 6 |champion = [[Gunther (wrestler)|Gunther]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|June 9, 2025}} |days = {{age in days nts|June 9, 2025|August 2, 2025}} |location = [[Phoenix, AZ]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = This reign is listed as lasting 53 days by WWE. |ref = <ref name=Raw06092025>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/06/09/wwe-raw-results-6-9-powells-live-review-of-jey-uso-vs-gunther-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship-appearances-by-wwe-champion-john-cena-and-mitb-winner-seth-rollins-the-return-of-nikki-bell/|title=WWE Raw results (6/9): Powell's live review of Jey Uso vs. Gunther for the World Heavyweight Championship, appearances by WWE Champion John Cena and MITB winner Seth Rollins, the return of Nikki Bella|date=June 9, 2025|last=Powell|first=Jason|work=[[Pro Wrestling Dot Net]]|access-date=June 10, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615203156/https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/06/09/wwe-raw-results-6-9-powells-live-review-of-jey-uso-vs-gunther-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship-appearances-by-wwe-champion-john-cena-and-mitb-winner-seth-rollins-the-return-of-nikki-bell/|archive-date=June 15, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 7 |champion = [[CM Punk]] |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|August 2, 2025}} |days = <1 |location = [[East Rutherford, NJ]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2025)|SummerSlam]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = |ref = <ref name="SSlam2025N1">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE SummerSlam results: Powell’s live review of night one with Gunther vs. CM Punk for the World Heavyweight Championship, Jelly Roll and Randy Orton vs. Drew McIntyre and Logan Paul|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/08/02/wwe-summerslam-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-gunther-vs-cm-punk-for-the-world-heavyweight-championship-jelly-roll-and-randy-orton-vs-drew-mcintyre-and-logan-paul/|date=August 2, 2025|work=[[Pro Wrestling Dot Net]]|access-date=August 2, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 8 |champion = [[Seth Rollins]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|August 2, 2025}} |days = {{age in days nts|August 2, 2025|October 20, 2025}} |location = [[East Rutherford, NJ]] |event = [[SummerSlam (2025)|SummerSlam]]<br>{{small|Night 1}} |notes = This was Rollins' [[Money in the Bank ladder match|Money in the Bank cash-in match]]. |ref = <ref name="SSlam2025N1"/> }} {{PWtitlereign |sort number = 8.5 |type = vacated |date = {{dts|October 20, 2025}} |location = [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento, CA]] |event = ''[[WWE Raw|Raw]]'' |notes = [[Seth Rollins]] was stripped of the title after a shoulder injury. |ref = <ref name="Vacated10202025>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/seth-rollins-wwe-world-heavyweight-championship-263220/|title=Adam Pearce Strips Seth Rollins Of The World Heavyweight Championship, Says He'll Be On The Shelf For 'Quite A While'|date=October 20, 2025|last=Russell|first=Skylar|work=Fightful|access-date=October 20, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 9 |champion = [[CM Punk]] |reign = 2 |date = {{dts|November 1, 2025}} |days = {{age in days nts|November 1, 2025|April 19, 2026}} |location = [[Salt Lake City]], [[Utah|UT]] |event = [[Saturday Night's Main Event|Saturday Night's Main Event XLI]] |notes = Defeated [[Jey Uso]] to win the vacant title. |ref = <ref name="SNMEXLI">{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WWE Saturday Night's Main Event results (11/1): Powell's live review of CM Punk vs. Jey Uso for the vacant World Heavyweight Championship, Cody Rhodes vs. Drew McIntyre for the WWE Championship|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/11/01/wwe-saturday-nights-main-event-results-11-1-powells-live-review-of-cm-punk-vs-jey-uso-for-the-vacant-world-heavyweight-championship-cody-rhodes-vs-drew-mcintyre-for-the-wwe-championship/|date=November 1, 2025|work=[[Pro Wrestling Dot Net]]|access-date=November 1, 2025}}</ref> }} {{PWtitlereign |number = 10 |champion = {{sortname|Roman|Reigns}} |reign = 1 |date = {{dts|April 19, 2026}} |days = {{age in days nts|April 19, 2026}}+ |location = [[Paradise, NV]] |event = [[WrestleMania 42]]<br>{{small|Night 2}} |notes = |ref = <ref name=Roman-Reigns>{{cite web|url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=133629|title=WWE WrestleMania 42 Night 2 Results: Roman Reigns dethrones CM Punk to earn World Heavyweight Championship|date=April 19, 2026|first=Jack|last=Wannan|work=[[POST Wrestling]]|access-date=April 19, 2026}}</ref> }} {{BundleEnd}} == Combined reigns == As of {{Currentmonth}} {{Currentday}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} {|class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#ffe6bd;"|† |Is the current champion |- !<1 |Reign was shorter than a day |} {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center" !Rank !Wrestler !No. of<br>reigns !Combined<br>days !Combined days<br>rec by WWE |- !1 |{{sortname|Seth|Rollins}} || 2{{efn|During his first reign, he was known as Seth "Freakin" Rollins.}}|| colspan="2" |{{age in days|September 20, 2024|October 20, 2025}} |- !2 |{{sortname||Gunther|dab=wrestler}} || 2 || 313 || 312 |- !3 |{{sortname|CM|Punk}} || 2 || colspan="2" |{{age in days nts|November 1, 2025|April 19, 2026}} |- !4 |{{sortname|Damian|Priest}} || 1 || colspan="2" |118 |- !5 |bgcolor=#ffe6bd|{{sortname|Roman|Reigns}} † || 1 || colspan="2"|{{age in days nts|April 19, 2026}}+ |- !6 |{{sortname|Jey|Uso}} || 1 || colspan="2" |51 |- !7 |{{sortname|Drew|McIntyre}} || 1 || colspan=2|<1 |} {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.wwe.com/classics/titlehistory/world-heavyweight-championship Official World Heavyweight Championship Title History] {{WWE Championships}} [[Category:WWE Raw]] [[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment championships]] [[Category:2023 establishments in the United States]] 5m990ozz228out6rhodnekrrigl4wa7 0 1076192 10882487 9821921 2026-06-09T17:32:52Z MourningRainfall 86802 10882487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = Alexander Kerfoot playing with the Maple Leafs in 2022 (Quintin Soloviev) (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Kerfoot during his time with the Maple Leafs on October 17, 2022 | position = [[Centre (ice hockey)|Centre]] | shoots = Left | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|8|11}} | birth_place = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia|BC]], [[Canada|CAN]] | death_date = | death_place = | height_ft = 5 | height_in = 11 | weight_lb = 188 | team = [[Utah Mammoth]] | former_teams = [[Colorado Avalanche]]<br>[[Toronto Maple Leafs]]<br>[[Arizona Coyotes]] | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | ntl_team = | draft = 150th overall | draft_year = 2012 | career_start = 2017 | career_end = }} '''Alexander Douglas Kerfoot''' (born August 11, 1994) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] professional [[ice hockey]] [[Centre (ice hockey)|centre]]. He currently plays for the [[Utah Mammoth]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) and serves as an [[Captain (ice hockey)|alternate captain]]. He has also played for the [[Colorado Avalanche]], [[Toronto Maple Leafs]], and [[Arizona Coyotes]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Kerfoot played parts of 3 seasons with the [[Coquitlam Express]] of the [[British Columbia Hockey League]] (BCHL) and four years at [[Harvard University|Harvard]] with the [[Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey|Crimson]]. During his time with the Express, Kerfoot would win the Bob Fenton Trophy as the most sportsmanlike player in the league. He would also be named to the All-Rookie and All-Star teams. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tricitynews.com/sports/kerfoot-wins-fenton-award-as-coquitlam-express-prep-for-playoffs-1.2191080|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=Kerfoot wins Fenton award as Express preps for playoffs|date=4 March 2016 |publisher=Tri-City News}}</ref> While playing with Harvard, Kerfoot would be named to the Second All-Ivy Team and earned a spot in the ECAC Third All-Star Team after recording 30 assists in his 2015–16 junior year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gocrimson.com/news/2017/3/2/3_2_2017_5705.aspx|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=No. 2/2 Men's Hockey Sweeps Ivy League Yearly Awards|date=2 March 2017 |publisher=Harvard Crimson}}</ref> He was drafted 150th overall by the [[New Jersey Devils]] in the [[2012 NHL Entry Draft]]. Kerfoot decided not to play for them and instead play at Harvard. After his time at Harvard was done, he became a free agent. On August 23, 2017, Kerfoot signed a two-year; entry level contract with the [[Colorado Avalanche]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/report-college-free-agent-alex-kerfoot-signs-avalanche/|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=College free agent Alex Kerfoot signs with Avalanche|publisher=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref> On October 5, Kerfoot made his NHL debut. He would also record his first NHL point in the same game when assisted on a [[Tyson Barrie]] goal in a 4-2 win against the [[New York Rangers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/_/gameId/400961610|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=Varlamov stops 37 shots as Avalanche beat Rangers 4-2|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> On October 11, he would score his first NHL goal in a 6-3 season opening win against the [[Boston Bruins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/avalanche/news/kerfoot-scores-first-nhl-goal-291843316|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=Kerfoot Scores First NHL Goal|date=12 October 2017 |publisher=[[Colorado Avalanche]]}}</ref> On July 1, 2019, the Avalanche would trade Kerfoot, Tyson Barrie and a sixth-round pick to the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] for [[Nazem Kadri]], [[Calle Rosén]] and a third-round pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/maple-leafs-trade-kadri-rosen-avalanche-barrie-kerfoot/|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=Maple Leafs trade Kadri, Rosen to Avalanche for Barrie, Kerfoot|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> He would sign a four-year, $14 million contract with the Maple Leafs three days later.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/mapleleafs/news/leafs-sign-cody-ceci-alexander-kerfoot-extensions/c-308187940|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=Maple Leafs sign Ceci and Kerfoot to contract extensions|date=4 July 2019 |publisher=[[Toronto Maple Leafs]]}}</ref> He would play four seasons with them. On July 1, 2023, Kerfoot signed a two-year, $7 million contract with the [[Arizona Coyotes]] as a free agent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/coyotes/news/coyotes-sign-kerfoot-to-two-year-contract/c-345177404|accessdate=January 13, 2024|title=Coyotes sign Kerfoot to two-year contract|publisher=[[Arizona Coyotes]]}}</ref> After the 2023–24 regular season ended, the Arizona Coyotes would be suspended and the team moved to Utah to become the [[Utah Hockey Club]]. Kerfoot would move along with the team. ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{multistub|sports-bio|Canada}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kerfoot, Alexander}} [[Category:1994 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Arizona Coyotes players]] [[Category:Canadian ice hockey centres]] [[Category:Colorado Avalanche players]] [[Category:Harvard University alumni]] [[Category:Ice hockey people from Vancouver]] [[Category:Toronto Maple Leafs players]] [[Category:Utah Hockey Club players]] 6x7lsndje06ivpuzr4w7icb9abh7ue4 0 1076802 10882386 10874922 2026-06-09T15:01:43Z ~2026-34089-13 1819116 Added extra information. 10882386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | alt_name = | genre = {{plainlist| * [[Animation]] * [[Black comedy]] }} | creator = Gooseworx | showrunner = Gooseworx | writer = Gooseworx | director = Gooseworx | voices = {{plainlist | * Lizzie Freeman * Alex Rochon * Michael Kovach * Amanda Hufford * Marissa Lenti * Sean Chiplock * Ashley Nichols * Gooseworx * Peter Gadiot * Skye Redden * Cassie Ewulu * Lenny Henry }} | theme_music_composer = Gooseworx | composer = {{plainlist | * Evan Alderete * Gooseworx }} | country = {{plainlist | * United States * Australia }} | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 8 | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * Kevin Lerdwichagul * Luke Lerdwichagul }} | producer = Kevin Lerdwichagul | cinematography = | animator = | editor = Gooseworx | runtime = 25 minutes, 45 seconds | company = [[Glitch Productions]] | network = [[YouTube]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|10|13}} | last_aired = present }} '''''The Amazing Digital Circus''''' is an [[Adult animation|adult animated]] indie [[web series]] created by Gooseworx and produced by [[Glitch Productions]]. The series is about a group of humans who attempt to maintain their sanity after becoming trapped inside a [[circus]]-themed [[virtual reality]] game. The series premiered on October 13, 2023 as a pilot on [[YouTube]]. == Cast and characters == * Lizzie Freeman as Pomni, the most recent human to be trapped in the circus, who is stuck in the body of a [[jester]]. * Alex Rochon as Caine, the circus' unstable AI ringmaster. * Michael Kovach as Jax, a purple rabbit who loves to prank and play tricks on other characters. * Amanda Hufford as Ragatha, a kindly rag doll who attempts to maintain a positive attitude towards her situation. * Marissa Lenti as Gangle, a living ribbon who swaps between sad and happy masks to express her emotions. * Sean Chiplock as Kinger, a paranoid and forgetful king chess piece who has been trapped in the circus the longest. * Ashley Nichols as Zooble, an irritable humanoid mix-and-match toy with a BBL. * Gooseworx as Bubble, Caine's soap bubble assistant. * Peter Gadiot as Kaufmo, a [[clown]] who abstracted when Pomni joined. * Elsie Lovelock as the Gloink Queen, ruler of the pest-like Gloinks. * Vera Tan as Princess Loolilalu, princess of the Candy Canyon Kingdom. * Jack Hawkins as Gummigoo, a gummy alligator NPC. * Skye Redden as Ribbit, a [[frog]] who is Jax's best friend who abstracted shortly before Kaufmo. * Cassie Ewulu as Queenie, Kinger's wife who abstracted before Ragatha joined. == Reception == The pilot for ''The Amazing Digital Circus'' received great acclaim with ''The Beat'' writer Justin Guerrero write that the pilot have take the internet and made a massive fandom overnight while also hooking the minds of its viewers and ringing in their hearts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guerrero|first=Justin|date=2023-10-25|title=REVIEW: THE AMAZING DIGITAL CIRCUS is a jaw-dropping dark comedy|url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/review-the-amazing-digital-circus-is-a-jaw-dropping-dark-comedy/|access-date=2024-03-03|website=The Beat|language=en-US}}</ref> ''TheGamer'' writer Jade King write that the visuals are colorful and full of humor but, the pilot is quick to bring down that with dark humor and created to keep us asking questions. He also write that it's likely not going to get too dark however, the pilot could bring into this horror.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Jade|date=2023-11-16|title=The Amazing Digital Circus Is The Biggest Indie Animation In Years|url=https://www.thegamer.com/the-amazing-digital-circus-review-impressions-pilot/|access-date=2024-03-07|website=TheGamer|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.glitchprod.com/digital-circus/ Official website] * {{IMDb title|27610198}} * [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqvpFAiRcY96CjKwiGHgwpg Gooseworx's official YouTube Channel] * [https://www.thewackywatch.com/ TheWackyWatch] {{DEFAULTSORT:Amazing Digital Circus, The}} [[Category:2020s Australian animated television series]] [[Category:2020s YouTube series]] [[Category:2020s web series debuts]] [[Category:2023 television series debuts]] [[Category:Australian animated television series]] [[Category:Australian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:YouTube original programming]] [[Category:Australian web series]] [[Category:Comedy science fiction]] [[Category:Black comedy]] [[Category:Glitch Productions]] [[Category:Television series about artificial intelligence]] [[Category:Television series about video games]] [[Category:Television series set in computers]] [[Category:Web series about technology]] 3rcsitgob7wstkdfmcc653ks5g8zoh8 10882776 10882386 2026-06-10T00:34:39Z Sobercone 1665526 /* Cast and characters */ Removed line "with a BBL", added link, edited present tense into past 10882776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | alt_name = | genre = {{plainlist| * [[Animation]] * [[Black comedy]] }} | creator = Gooseworx | showrunner = Gooseworx | writer = Gooseworx | director = Gooseworx | voices = {{plainlist | * Lizzie Freeman * Alex Rochon * Michael Kovach * Amanda Hufford * Marissa Lenti * Sean Chiplock * Ashley Nichols * Gooseworx * Peter Gadiot * Skye Redden * Cassie Ewulu * Lenny Henry }} | theme_music_composer = Gooseworx | composer = {{plainlist | * Evan Alderete * Gooseworx }} | country = {{plainlist | * United States * Australia }} | language = English | num_seasons = 1 | num_episodes = 8 | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * Kevin Lerdwichagul * Luke Lerdwichagul }} | producer = Kevin Lerdwichagul | cinematography = | animator = | editor = Gooseworx | runtime = 25 minutes, 45 seconds | company = [[Glitch Productions]] | network = [[YouTube]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|10|13}} | last_aired = present }} '''''The Amazing Digital Circus''''' is an [[Adult animation|adult animated]] indie [[web series]] created by Gooseworx and produced by [[Glitch Productions]]. The series is about a group of humans who attempt to maintain their sanity after becoming trapped inside a [[circus]]-themed [[virtual reality]] game. The series premiered on October 13, 2023 as a pilot on [[YouTube]]. == Cast and characters == * Lizzie Freeman as Pomni, the most recent human to be trapped in the circus, who is stuck in the body of a [[jester]]. * Alex Rochon as Caine, the circus' unstable AI ringmaster. * Michael Kovach as Jax, a purple rabbit who loves to prank and play tricks on other characters. * Amanda Hufford as Ragatha, a kindly rag doll who attempts to maintain a positive attitude towards her situation. * Marissa Lenti as Gangle, a living ribbon who swaps between sad and happy masks to express her emotions. * Sean Chiplock as Kinger, a paranoid and forgetful king chess piece who has been trapped in the circus the longest. * Ashley Nichols as Zooble, an irritable mix-and-match toy who can swap different parts. * Gooseworx as Bubble, Caine's soap bubble assistant. * Peter Gadiot as Kaufmo, a [[clown]] who abstracted when Pomni joined. * Elsie Lovelock as the Gloink Queen, ruler of the pest-like Gloinks. * Vera Tan as Princess Loolilalu, princess of the Candy Canyon Kingdom. * Jack Hawkins as Gummigoo, a gummy [[alligator]] NPC. * Skye Redden as Ribbit, a [[frog]] who is Jax's best friend who abstracted shortly before Kaufmo. * Cassie Ewulu as Queenie, Kinger's wife who abstracted before Ragatha joined. == Reception == The pilot for ''The Amazing Digital Circus'' received great acclaim. ''The Beat'' writer Justin Guerrero wrote that the pilot had made a massive fandom overnight while also hooking the minds of its viewers and ringing in their hearts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Guerrero|first=Justin|date=2023-10-25|title=REVIEW: THE AMAZING DIGITAL CIRCUS is a jaw-dropping dark comedy|url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/review-the-amazing-digital-circus-is-a-jaw-dropping-dark-comedy/|access-date=2024-03-03|website=The Beat|language=en-US}}</ref> ''TheGamer'' writer Jade King wrote that the visuals are colorful and full of humor but, the pilot is quick to bring down that with dark humor and mystery created to keep us asking questions. He also wrote that it's likely not going to get too dark however, the show could still bring more horror.<ref>{{Cite web|last=King|first=Jade|date=2023-11-16|title=The Amazing Digital Circus Is The Biggest Indie Animation In Years|url=https://www.thegamer.com/the-amazing-digital-circus-review-impressions-pilot/|access-date=2024-03-07|website=TheGamer|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * [https://www.glitchprod.com/digital-circus/ Official website] * {{IMDb title|27610198}} * [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqvpFAiRcY96CjKwiGHgwpg Gooseworx's official YouTube Channel] * [https://www.thewackywatch.com/ TheWackyWatch] {{DEFAULTSORT:Amazing Digital Circus, The}} [[Category:2020s Australian animated television series]] [[Category:2020s YouTube series]] [[Category:2020s web series debuts]] [[Category:2023 television series debuts]] [[Category:Australian animated television series]] [[Category:Australian English-language television shows]] [[Category:Anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:YouTube original programming]] [[Category:Australian web series]] [[Category:Comedy science fiction]] [[Category:Black comedy]] [[Category:Glitch Productions]] [[Category:Television series about artificial intelligence]] [[Category:Television series about video games]] [[Category:Television series set in computers]] [[Category:Web series about technology]] mvd218sp4g6sn29g78l1beo72ge5mc8 0 1080401 10882478 10871176 2026-06-09T17:27:09Z ~2026-34108-64 1819203 SOME FAKE STUFF BUT REAL ASWELL 10882478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Restructure|date=March 2025}}{{Wikify|date=March 2025}} {{Hoax|date=August 2025}}(DAFUQ?BOOM!? made it BTW){{Infobox television | image = Skibidi Toilet.svg | caption = A [[drawing]] of the [[Skibidi Toilet]] [[character]] | genre = [[Animated series]] | creator = [[Alexey Gerasimov]]/[[DaFuq!?Boom!]] | country = [[Georgia]] | language = [[English]] | num_seasons = 26 | num_episodes = 79 | network = [[YouTube]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|02|07|df=yes}} | last_aired = [[Present]] }} '''''Skibidi Toilet''''' is a [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] [[3D]] [[animated]] [[Cartoon series|series]], created by Alexey Gerasimov. ''Skibidi Toilet'' is about a fictional race of creatures called "Skibidi Toilets" (nickname toilets or skibidi), which are [[toilet]]s with human heads in the bowls, and their [[war]] with another race of creatures which are the Speakermen, Cameramen, and TV men. The videos use {{ill|Source Filmmaker|en}} as their animation engine tool.<ref>{{Cite web|last=david|first=jason|date=2023-07-26|title=Building Your Own Skibidi Toilet in Garry's Mod: A Comprehensive Guide|url=https://instaproapk.su/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604074700/https://instaspro.net/|archive-date=2024-06-04|access-date=2024-02-26|website=instapro|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-26|title=What Is 'Skibidi Toilet' And What Song Is Used In The Videos? The Viral YouTube Shorts Series Explained|url=https://knowyourmeme.com/editorials/guides/what-is-skibidi-toilet-and-what-song-is-used-in-the-videos-the-viral-youtube-shorts-series-explained|access-date=2024-02-26|website=Know Your Meme}}</ref> ==Plot== The series is about a war between the Skibidi Toilets and the Cameramen. Cameramen look like humans, but their heads can be a [[CCTV]] camera, [[loudspeaker]], or [[television]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-06-29|title=We spoke to DaFuqBoom, the guy behind the "Skibidi toilet" videos|url=https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/dafuqboom-skibidi-toilet-interview-2194741/|access-date=2024-11-04|website=Dexerto|language=en}}</ref> In a [[city]], the Skibidi Toilets, and their leader G-Man, turn humans into toilets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lorenz |first=Taylor |date=December 10, 2023 |title=Skibidi Toilets racks up billions of views on YouTube - The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/12/10/skibidi-toilets-you-tube-children-internet/ |access-date=April 12, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> The cameramen <u>OPONENTS</u> against the toilets. Each has one of its kind that is a lot bigger than the rest called "titans". The second toilet in command, named Scientist Toilet, makes a toilet [[Parasitism|parasite]] that [[Infection|infects]] the Speaker Titan, leading to death. Later in the series, TV men and their own titan enter the story. With their help, the speaker titan is freed from the toilet parasite. The battle spreads to other cities. After a [[wikt:mission|mission]], Scientist Toilet is defeated, but the whole [[crew|team]] is killed except for one [[survivor]]. The one survivor is killed by the Secret Agent, a human who may have created the toilets. The Titans fight G-Toilet and the fight badly hurts Camera Titan and Speaker Titan. Then the Skibidi Toilets and Cameramen team up to fight the more dangerous Astro Toile ===Origin=== The origin of ''Skibidi Toilet'' can be seen back from February 2023, when the creator, Alexey Gerasimov, made his first video for ''Skibidi Toilet''. The music that he used is a remix of ''[[Give It To Me]]'' by [[Timbaland]] and ''[[Dom Dom Yes Yes]]'' by [[Biser King]]. ===Spread=== ''Skibidi Toilet'' videos spread across social media. A large amount of that popularity came from platforms such as [[TikTok]], [[YouTube]], [[Twitter|X]], [[Instagram]], and [[Facebook]]. The videos get over 30 million views per video on the YouTube video streaming platform and have 18,309,401,823 views on his YouTube Channel. ''DaFuq!?Boom!'' has accounts on YouTube and TikTok where episodes of the series are posted. Near the end of June 2023, the YouTube channel had 15.8 million subscribers, and the TikTok channel had 2.8 million followers.<ref name=":0" /> It is considered "brainrot", and a brainrot word, along with terms like ''sigma'', and ''mewing.'' There has also been unofficial merchandise on [[dropshipping]] platforms such as [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]] and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], but there is official merchandise on the Skibidi Toilet website.<ref name="imsoskibidi2">{{Cite web|last=Dodgson|first=Lindsay|title='Skibidi Toilet' isn't mindless — it's a 'cultural touchstone' that captures the anarchic spirit of the internet|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/skibidi-toilet-is-good-actually-2023-10|access-date=2024-02-26|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon.com: Skibidi Funny Toilet Man Figure Building Block Set, Titan Cameraman Speakerman Game Model Toys Ideas Collectible Building Bricks Birthday Gift for Kids Adults Fans (560 Pcs) : Toys & Games|url=https://www.amazon.com/Building-Cameraman-Speakerman-Collectible-Birthday/dp/B0CNMYRMK1/ref=sr_1_4?crid=2ZFBKW5QZ9SM8&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.063oYTWRkULEncWBr90zQM5o1be2aSXu2MvH2L3IdgTimgML7GTXmaYm9gHGc4oLT7_PpABDeU-AIoJ9Kh8Lay4HVlPDHznPYAlYFox3wCusF4DPfAw3hxAWhffHaYKGcHi8oQKq2iWKU6ZcWTe2x38nXMxXkQzV8cBhincbHWQDcmSlVmQJ6s3GaIugcS6YXPJ754q8Ivw9V5An6CUa73Yr8qXiYmtckx1hISNsxsz_KnWy-XOJo_aqbphti9ESRBhaVVD5PhmKRCY-4KkANm7gH2Oh_8t9ktJWkc2M4RU.LKHlm32l1M-PkikbAnspr4rYorub_myXk8X02NTNAYQ&dib_tag=se&keywords=skibidi+toilet+lego&qid=1709058223&sprefix=skibidi+toilet+lego,aps,92&sr=8-4|access-date=2024-02-27|website=www.amazon.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=0.98US $ 91% OFF{{!}}Skibidi Toilet Plush Toys Speakerman Plush Camara Camera Man Plush New Skibidi Doll Stuffed Toy Skibidi Stuffed Soft Toy{{!}} {{!}} - AliExpress|url=https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256806378403270.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.main.1.2568686esy1LIc&algo_pvid=7fedcefd-a4f1-4895-b077-b8fb43f36113&algo_exp_id=7fedcefd-a4f1-4895-b077-b8fb43f36113-0&pdp_npi=4@dis!USD!11.36!0.99!!!81.46!7.11!@2103241117090582809948704e79ab!12000037687866197!sea!US!0!AB&curPageLogUid=lg0XRvZuIwmd&utparam-url=scene:search%7Cquery_from:&gatewayAdapt=glo2usa|access-date=2024-02-27|website=aliexpress.us}}</ref> ===Revenue=== The videos on YouTube earn the creator Alexey Gerasimov an [[Estimation|estimated]] 100k – 23 million [[United States dollar|USD]] every year. Every year he will make about 1.2 million – 19.5 million USD.{{fact|date=October 2025}} This is only from YouTube, and Gerasimov makes more money from ''Skibidi Toilet'' [[Product (business)|merch]]. ==Impact== The Skibidi Toilet meme has influenced internet memes and online trends, being referenced in TV shows<ref>{{Citation|last=The Late Show with Stephen Colbert|title=Trump "Nearly Escaped Death" In Mar-a-Lago Raid {{!}} Biden Seeks Meme Maker {{!}} "Queer Planet"|date=2024-05-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exfogQf1r-M&t=429|access-date=2024-08-29}}</ref> and adverts. Skibidi toilet even has its toys which you might find in [[Walmart]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robot or human?|url=https://www.walmart.com/blocked?url=L3NlYXJjaD9xPXNraWJpZGkrdG9pbGV0&uuid=3e1c2de2-2237-11f1-adb8-50d1d21f3908&vid=&g=b|access-date=2026-03-17|website=www.walmart.com}}</ref> In May 2025, rumors spread online that Film Director [[Michael Bay]] would be directing a ‘Skibidi Toilet’ Movie.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Placido|first=Dani Di|title=It’s Official—Michael Bay Will Direct The ‘Skibidi Toilet’ Movie|language=en|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2025/05/21/its-official-michael-bay-will-direct-the-skibidi-toilet-movie/|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref> Bay later denied this on May 24, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Plale|first=Mathew|date=2025-05-25|title=Michael Bay flushes down rumors he is making Skibidi Toilet movie|url=https://www.joblo.com/michael-bay-not-directing-skibidi-toilet-movie/|access-date=2025-11-15|website=JoBlo|language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2020s Russian animated television series]] [[Category:2020s YouTube series]] [[Category:2020s web series debuts]] [[Category:2020s surreal comedy television series]] [[Category:2023 animated television series debuts]] [[Category:Internet culture]] [[Category:Internet memes]] [[Category:Russian-language television programs]] [[Category:Surreal comedy television series]] [[Category:Television series featuring puppetry]] [[Category:YouTube original programming]] [[Category:Generation Alpha]] [[Category:Web series about robots]] m1mc75ycmrhkfvcjhrdr5qsdx5tw1ui 10882490 10882478 2026-06-09T17:37:42Z Barras 40117 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34108-64|~2026-34108-64]] ([[User talk:~2026-34108-64|talk]]) to last version by MrMeAndMrMe 10871176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Restructure|date=March 2025}}{{Wikify|date=March 2025}} {{Hoax|date=August 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = Skibidi Toilet.svg | caption = A [[drawing]] of the [[Skibidi Toilet]] [[character]] | genre = [[Animated series]] | creator = [[Alexey Gerasimov]]/[[DaFuq!?Boom!]] | country = [[Georgia]] | language = [[English]] | num_seasons = 26 | num_episodes = 79 | network = [[YouTube]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|02|07|df=yes}} | last_aired = [[Present]] }} '''''Skibidi Toilet''''' is a [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] [[3D]] [[animated]] [[Cartoon series|series]], created by Alexey Gerasimov. ''Skibidi Toilet'' is about a fictional race of creatures called "Skibidi Toilets" (nickname toilets or skibidi), which are [[toilet]]s with human heads in the bowls, and their [[war]] with another race of creatures which are the Speakermen, Cameramen, and TV men. The videos use {{ill|Source Filmmaker|en}} as their animation engine tool.<ref>{{Cite web|last=david|first=jason|date=2023-07-26|title=Building Your Own Skibidi Toilet in Garry's Mod: A Comprehensive Guide|url=https://instaproapk.su/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604074700/https://instaspro.net/|archive-date=2024-06-04|access-date=2024-02-26|website=instapro|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-26|title=What Is 'Skibidi Toilet' And What Song Is Used In The Videos? The Viral YouTube Shorts Series Explained|url=https://knowyourmeme.com/editorials/guides/what-is-skibidi-toilet-and-what-song-is-used-in-the-videos-the-viral-youtube-shorts-series-explained|access-date=2024-02-26|website=Know Your Meme}}</ref> ==Plot== The series is about a war between the Skibidi Toilets and the Cameramen. Cameramen look like humans, but their heads can be a [[CCTV]] camera, [[loudspeaker]], or [[television]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-06-29|title=We spoke to DaFuqBoom, the guy behind the "Skibidi toilet" videos|url=https://www.dexerto.com/entertainment/dafuqboom-skibidi-toilet-interview-2194741/|access-date=2024-11-04|website=Dexerto|language=en}}</ref> In a [[city]], the Skibidi Toilets, and their leader G-Man, turn humans into toilets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lorenz |first=Taylor |date=December 10, 2023 |title=Skibidi Toilets racks up billions of views on YouTube - The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/12/10/skibidi-toilets-you-tube-children-internet/ |access-date=April 12, 2024 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> The cameramen [[Alliance|ally]] against the toilets. Each has one of its kind that is a lot bigger than the rest called "titans". The second toilet in command, named Scientist Toilet, makes a toilet [[Parasitism|parasite]] that [[Infection|infects]] the Speaker Titan, leading to death. Later in the series, TV men and their own titan enter the story. With their help, the speaker titan is freed from the toilet parasite. The battle spreads to other cities. After a [[wikt:mission|mission]], Scientist Toilet is defeated, but the whole [[crew|team]] is killed except for one [[survivor]]. The one survivor is killed by the Secret Agent, a human who may have created the toilets. The Titans fight G-Toilet and the fight badly hurts Camera Titan and Speaker Titan. Then the Skibidi Toilets and Cameramen team up to fight the more dangerous Astro Toilets. ==Development== ===Origin=== The origin of ''Skibidi Toilet'' can be seen back from February 2023, when the creator, Alexey Gerasimov, made his first video for ''Skibidi Toilet''. The music that he used is a remix of ''[[Give It To Me]]'' by [[Timbaland]] and ''[[Dom Dom Yes Yes]]'' by [[Biser King]]. ===Spread=== ''Skibidi Toilet'' videos spread across social media. A large amount of that popularity came from platforms such as [[TikTok]], [[YouTube]], [[Twitter|X]], [[Instagram]], and [[Facebook]]. The videos get over 30 million views per video on the YouTube video streaming platform and have 18,309,401,823 views on his YouTube Channel. ''DaFuq!?Boom!'' has accounts on YouTube and TikTok where episodes of the series are posted. Near the end of June 2023, the YouTube channel had 15.8 million subscribers, and the TikTok channel had 2.8 million followers.<ref name=":0" /> It is considered "brainrot", and a brainrot word, along with terms like ''sigma'', and ''mewing.'' There has also been unofficial merchandise on [[dropshipping]] platforms such as [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba]] and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], but there is official merchandise on the Skibidi Toilet website.<ref name="imsoskibidi2">{{Cite web|last=Dodgson|first=Lindsay|title='Skibidi Toilet' isn't mindless — it's a 'cultural touchstone' that captures the anarchic spirit of the internet|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/skibidi-toilet-is-good-actually-2023-10|access-date=2024-02-26|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amazon.com: Skibidi Funny Toilet Man Figure Building Block Set, Titan Cameraman Speakerman Game Model Toys Ideas Collectible Building Bricks Birthday Gift for Kids Adults Fans (560 Pcs) : Toys & Games|url=https://www.amazon.com/Building-Cameraman-Speakerman-Collectible-Birthday/dp/B0CNMYRMK1/ref=sr_1_4?crid=2ZFBKW5QZ9SM8&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.063oYTWRkULEncWBr90zQM5o1be2aSXu2MvH2L3IdgTimgML7GTXmaYm9gHGc4oLT7_PpABDeU-AIoJ9Kh8Lay4HVlPDHznPYAlYFox3wCusF4DPfAw3hxAWhffHaYKGcHi8oQKq2iWKU6ZcWTe2x38nXMxXkQzV8cBhincbHWQDcmSlVmQJ6s3GaIugcS6YXPJ754q8Ivw9V5An6CUa73Yr8qXiYmtckx1hISNsxsz_KnWy-XOJo_aqbphti9ESRBhaVVD5PhmKRCY-4KkANm7gH2Oh_8t9ktJWkc2M4RU.LKHlm32l1M-PkikbAnspr4rYorub_myXk8X02NTNAYQ&dib_tag=se&keywords=skibidi+toilet+lego&qid=1709058223&sprefix=skibidi+toilet+lego,aps,92&sr=8-4|access-date=2024-02-27|website=www.amazon.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=0.98US $ 91% OFF{{!}}Skibidi Toilet Plush Toys Speakerman Plush Camara Camera Man Plush New Skibidi Doll Stuffed Toy Skibidi Stuffed Soft Toy{{!}} {{!}} - AliExpress|url=https://www.aliexpress.us/item/3256806378403270.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.main.1.2568686esy1LIc&algo_pvid=7fedcefd-a4f1-4895-b077-b8fb43f36113&algo_exp_id=7fedcefd-a4f1-4895-b077-b8fb43f36113-0&pdp_npi=4@dis!USD!11.36!0.99!!!81.46!7.11!@2103241117090582809948704e79ab!12000037687866197!sea!US!0!AB&curPageLogUid=lg0XRvZuIwmd&utparam-url=scene:search%7Cquery_from:&gatewayAdapt=glo2usa|access-date=2024-02-27|website=aliexpress.us}}</ref> ===Revenue=== The videos on YouTube earn the creator Alexey Gerasimov an [[Estimation|estimated]] 100k – 23 million [[United States dollar|USD]] every year. Every year he will make about 1.2 million – 19.5 million USD.{{fact|date=October 2025}} This is only from YouTube, and Gerasimov makes more money from ''Skibidi Toilet'' [[Product (business)|merch]]. ==Impact== The Skibidi Toilet meme has influenced internet memes and online trends, being referenced in TV shows<ref>{{Citation|last=The Late Show with Stephen Colbert|title=Trump "Nearly Escaped Death" In Mar-a-Lago Raid {{!}} Biden Seeks Meme Maker {{!}} "Queer Planet"|date=2024-05-22|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exfogQf1r-M&t=429|access-date=2024-08-29}}</ref> and adverts. Skibidi toilet even has its toys which you might find in [[Walmart]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Robot or human?|url=https://www.walmart.com/blocked?url=L3NlYXJjaD9xPXNraWJpZGkrdG9pbGV0&uuid=3e1c2de2-2237-11f1-adb8-50d1d21f3908&vid=&g=b|access-date=2026-03-17|website=www.walmart.com}}</ref> In May 2025, rumors spread online that Film Director [[Michael Bay]] would be directing a ‘Skibidi Toilet’ Movie.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Placido|first=Dani Di|title=It’s Official—Michael Bay Will Direct The ‘Skibidi Toilet’ Movie|language=en|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2025/05/21/its-official-michael-bay-will-direct-the-skibidi-toilet-movie/|access-date=2025-11-15}}</ref> Bay later denied this on May 24, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Plale|first=Mathew|date=2025-05-25|title=Michael Bay flushes down rumors he is making Skibidi Toilet movie|url=https://www.joblo.com/michael-bay-not-directing-skibidi-toilet-movie/|access-date=2025-11-15|website=JoBlo|language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:2020s Russian animated television series]] [[Category:2020s YouTube series]] [[Category:2020s web series debuts]] [[Category:2020s surreal comedy television series]] [[Category:2023 animated television series debuts]] [[Category:Internet culture]] [[Category:Internet memes]] [[Category:Russian-language television programs]] [[Category:Surreal comedy television series]] [[Category:Television series featuring puppetry]] [[Category:YouTube original programming]] [[Category:Generation Alpha]] [[Category:Web series about robots]] 5uv0kgdj25pr6d5jwmo7ezscynzk5dp 0 1097693 10883031 10874896 2026-06-10T09:33:40Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10883031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IWI-Negev-Zachi-Evenor-01-white.jpg|thumb|265x265px|A Negev]] The '''Negev''' is a [[light machine gun]] of [[Israel|Israeli]] origin in 5.56 mm or 7.62 mm caliber. It is produced by Israel Weapons Industries (IWI) and was adopted by the [[Israel Defense Forces|Israel Defense Forces (IDF)]] in 1997. This machine gun fires [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56x45 mm]] and [[7.62 x 51mm NATO|7.62x51 mm]] ammunition. It has a high [[rate of fire]]: 850-1150 bullets per minute. It can be fed with 150-round belts or 30-round magazines. It has an [[effective range]] of 300 to 1000 meters. The Negev has been used in several conflicts in which the Israel Defense Forces have been involved, as well as by other military forces around the world. Some of the conflicts in which the Negev has been used include military operations in the [[Gaza Strip]], the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]], [[2023-2024 Israel–Gaza war|Israel-Gaza war]] and other places where Israeli forces have been deployed. Additionally, the Negev has been exported to several countries and has been used in regional conflicts in which those military forces are involved. The Negev is also famously known for being used in the game [[Counter-Strike 2|counter-strike]] [[Category:Light machine guns]] [[Category:Machine guns]] b7kmnkwawpgf2fvvacsqvlwpeyyz8wg 0 1109543 10882649 10776026 2026-06-09T21:08:58Z MMH 610403 + automatic update version from Wikidata 10882649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox web browser | name = Supermium | title = Supermium | logo = Supermium Logo.png | screenshot = Supermium with trapezoidal tabs.png | author = win32ss (Shane Fournier) | released = 115.0.5744.0 (May 9, 2023; 2 years ago) | latest release version = {{WikidataEn|property|single|references|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}} | latest release date = {{WikidataEn|qualifier|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}} | repo = https://github.com/win32ss/supermium | operating system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Server 2003]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows Server 2008]], [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008 R2]], [[Windows 8]], [[Windows Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]], [[Windows 11]] | website = https://win32subsystem.live/supermium/ }} '''Supermium''' is a fork (modification) of Google's [[Free and open-source software|open-source]] and free web browser [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]], that was created for older [[Operating system|operating systems]] such as [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Supermium Web Browser|url=https://win32subsystem.live/supermium/|access-date=2024-06-22|website=win32subsystem.live}}</ref> Support for [[Windows 2000]] is also planned.<ref name="Tkachenko-2024">{{Cite web |last=Tkachenko |first=Sergey |date=2024-03-07 |title=Supermium Browser brings the newest Chrome engine to Windows 7, Vista and even XP |url=https://winaero.com/supermium-browser/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=[[Winaero]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Features == * [[Windows Aero|Aero Glass]] and [[Windows Aero|Aero Glass-style]] titlebars instead of [[Windows 10|Windows 10-style]] ones<ref name=":0" /> * Security fixes for major [[vulnerability patches]] usually less than one week from being found<ref name=":0" /> * A functional sandbox for enhanced security<ref name=":0" /> * Custom Tab options including [[trapezoidal tabs]], transparent tabs, and outlined tabs.<ref name=":0" /> * Many flags from [[Chromium (web browser)|ungoogled-chromium]]<ref name=":0" /> * Google Sync * On [[Windows 7]] and up, [[Widevine CDM]] support for viewing [[DRM|DRM content]]<ref name=":0" /> * [[Font rendering|GDI font rendering]], using ''#force-gdi'' in chrome://flags<ref name=":0" /> * Persistent dark mode on the [[Browser UI|browser's UI]] elements, using ''#force-dark-mode'' in chrome://flags<ref name=":0" /> * Support for [[:en:SSE2|SSE2]]-only processors in the [[32-bit computing|32 bit build]]<ref name=":0" /> == Reception == Critics at The Register said in a positive review that the browser ran rather fast for a Core 2 Duo processor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 March 2024|title=Supermium drags Google Chrome back in time to Windows XP, Vista, and 7|url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/06/supermium_chrome_for_xp/?td=rt-3a|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240622110741/https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/06/supermium_chrome_for_xp/?td=rt-3a|archive-date=22 June 2024|access-date=22 June 2024|website=The Register}}</ref> == System requirements == {| class="wikitable" |+Supermium's System Requirements !Requirements !Minimum<ref name=":0" /> !Recommended (non-official) |- |Processor |SSE2 or better<ref name=":0" /> |Pentium 4 and higher |- |Memory |768MB or higher<ref name=":0" /> |1-2 GB of RAM |- |Operating system |Windows XP SP1 and above<ref name=":0" /> |Windows XP SP3 and above |} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website}} [[Category:Web browsers]] ng98nlgihm3vfsv3ebbqg4cwqh6agxq 10882657 10882649 2026-06-09T21:13:03Z MMH 610403 10882657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox web browser | name = Supermium | title = Supermium | logo = Supermium Logo.png | screenshot = Supermium with trapezoidal tabs.png | author = win32ss (Shane Fournier) | released = 115.0.5744.0 (May 9, 2023; 2 years ago) | latest release version = {{Wikidata|property|single|references|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}} | latest release date = {{Wikidata|qualifier|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}} | repo = https://github.com/win32ss/supermium | operating system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Server 2003]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows Server 2008]], [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008 R2]], [[Windows 8]], [[Windows Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]], [[Windows 11]] | website = https://win32subsystem.live/supermium/ }} '''Supermium''' is a fork (modification) of Google's [[Free and open-source software|open-source]] and free web browser [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]], that was created for older [[Operating system|operating systems]] such as [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Supermium Web Browser|url=https://win32subsystem.live/supermium/|access-date=2024-06-22|website=win32subsystem.live}}</ref> Support for [[Windows 2000]] is also planned.<ref name="Tkachenko-2024">{{Cite web |last=Tkachenko |first=Sergey |date=2024-03-07 |title=Supermium Browser brings the newest Chrome engine to Windows 7, Vista and even XP |url=https://winaero.com/supermium-browser/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=[[Winaero]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Features == * [[Windows Aero|Aero Glass]] and [[Windows Aero|Aero Glass-style]] titlebars instead of [[Windows 10|Windows 10-style]] ones<ref name=":0" /> * Security fixes for major [[vulnerability patches]] usually less than one week from being found<ref name=":0" /> * A functional sandbox for enhanced security<ref name=":0" /> * Custom Tab options including [[trapezoidal tabs]], transparent tabs, and outlined tabs.<ref name=":0" /> * Many flags from [[Chromium (web browser)|ungoogled-chromium]]<ref name=":0" /> * Google Sync * On [[Windows 7]] and up, [[Widevine CDM]] support for viewing [[DRM|DRM content]]<ref name=":0" /> * [[Font rendering|GDI font rendering]], using ''#force-gdi'' in chrome://flags<ref name=":0" /> * Persistent dark mode on the [[Browser UI|browser's UI]] elements, using ''#force-dark-mode'' in chrome://flags<ref name=":0" /> * Support for [[:en:SSE2|SSE2]]-only processors in the [[32-bit computing|32 bit build]]<ref name=":0" /> == Reception == Critics at The Register said in a positive review that the browser ran rather fast for a Core 2 Duo processor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 March 2024|title=Supermium drags Google Chrome back in time to Windows XP, Vista, and 7|url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/06/supermium_chrome_for_xp/?td=rt-3a|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240622110741/https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/06/supermium_chrome_for_xp/?td=rt-3a|archive-date=22 June 2024|access-date=22 June 2024|website=The Register}}</ref> == System requirements == {| class="wikitable" |+Supermium's System Requirements !Requirements !Minimum<ref name=":0" /> !Recommended (non-official) |- |Processor |SSE2 or better<ref name=":0" /> |Pentium 4 and higher |- |Memory |768MB or higher<ref name=":0" /> |1-2 GB of RAM |- |Operating system |Windows XP SP1 and above<ref name=":0" /> |Windows XP SP3 and above |} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website}} [[Category:Web browsers]] 3wda2e74abn15fga954jiwool3k2g9e 10882838 10882657 2026-06-10T01:49:09Z MMH 610403 /* Other websites */ 10882838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox web browser | name = Supermium | title = Supermium | logo = Supermium Logo.png | screenshot = Supermium with trapezoidal tabs.png | author = win32ss (Shane Fournier) | released = 115.0.5744.0 (May 9, 2023; 2 years ago) | latest release version = {{Wikidata|property|single|references|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}} | latest release date = {{Wikidata|qualifier|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}} | repo = https://github.com/win32ss/supermium | operating system = [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Server 2003]], [[Windows Vista]], [[Windows Server 2008]], [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008 R2]], [[Windows 8]], [[Windows Server 2012]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]], [[Windows 11]] | website = https://win32subsystem.live/supermium/ }} '''Supermium''' is a fork (modification) of Google's [[Free and open-source software|open-source]] and free web browser [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]], that was created for older [[Operating system|operating systems]] such as [[Windows XP]], [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Supermium Web Browser|url=https://win32subsystem.live/supermium/|access-date=2024-06-22|website=win32subsystem.live}}</ref> Support for [[Windows 2000]] is also planned.<ref name="Tkachenko-2024">{{Cite web |last=Tkachenko |first=Sergey |date=2024-03-07 |title=Supermium Browser brings the newest Chrome engine to Windows 7, Vista and even XP |url=https://winaero.com/supermium-browser/ |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=[[Winaero]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Features == * [[Windows Aero|Aero Glass]] and [[Windows Aero|Aero Glass-style]] titlebars instead of [[Windows 10|Windows 10-style]] ones<ref name=":0" /> * Security fixes for major [[vulnerability patches]] usually less than one week from being found<ref name=":0" /> * A functional sandbox for enhanced security<ref name=":0" /> * Custom Tab options including [[trapezoidal tabs]], transparent tabs, and outlined tabs.<ref name=":0" /> * Many flags from [[Chromium (web browser)|ungoogled-chromium]]<ref name=":0" /> * Google Sync * On [[Windows 7]] and up, [[Widevine CDM]] support for viewing [[DRM|DRM content]]<ref name=":0" /> * [[Font rendering|GDI font rendering]], using ''#force-gdi'' in chrome://flags<ref name=":0" /> * Persistent dark mode on the [[Browser UI|browser's UI]] elements, using ''#force-dark-mode'' in chrome://flags<ref name=":0" /> * Support for [[:en:SSE2|SSE2]]-only processors in the [[32-bit computing|32 bit build]]<ref name=":0" /> == Reception == Critics at The Register said in a positive review that the browser ran rather fast for a Core 2 Duo processor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 March 2024|title=Supermium drags Google Chrome back in time to Windows XP, Vista, and 7|url=https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/06/supermium_chrome_for_xp/?td=rt-3a|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240622110741/https://www.theregister.com/2024/03/06/supermium_chrome_for_xp/?td=rt-3a|archive-date=22 June 2024|access-date=22 June 2024|website=The Register}}</ref> == System requirements == {| class="wikitable" |+Supermium's System Requirements !Requirements !Minimum<ref name=":0" /> !Recommended (non-official) |- |Processor |SSE2 or better<ref name=":0" /> |Pentium 4 and higher |- |Memory |768MB or higher<ref name=":0" /> |1-2 GB of RAM |- |Operating system |Windows XP SP1 and above<ref name=":0" /> |Windows XP SP3 and above |} == References == {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website}} * {{cite web|url=https://portableapps.com/apps/internet/supermium-portable |title=Supermium Portable|website=PortableApps.com}} [[Category:Web browsers]] mimyjty1i9uaqvw5ikemx2ldgdn1pmn 0 1114504 10882358 10873876 2026-06-09T14:35:39Z Ferien 1011873 restore redirect per RfD 10882358 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Names for India]] 1zfr10qrz3zr45tw0dzi65cmt4dzae6 1 1115262 10882359 10042848 2026-06-09T14:36:17Z Ferien 1011873 +oldrfdfull 10882359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dyktalk|29 January|2025}}{{Talk header}} {{oldrfdfull|date=29 May 2026|year=2026|result=redirect and delete|page=India naming dispute}} 2vfv0ncnhn0tpbg7b5k10y1op419s9m 0 1116480 10882959 10113515 2026-06-10T06:31:12Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882959 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Waray people''', (Waray-Waray) are one of the visayan ethnic groups in the [[Philippines]] located at [[Eastern Visayas]], It is majority in the provinces of [[Samar (province)|Samar]], [[Northern Samar]], [[Eastern Samar]], [[Biliran]] and eastern portion of [[Leyte (province)|Leyte]],<ref>https://www.childrenofthemekong.org/people-of-samar-the-waray-tribe</ref>The Waray people used the [[Waray language]] in the region, and some parts of southern [[Sorsogon]] are Waray people. While the [[Boholano people]], [[Cebuano people]] and [[Hiligaynon people]] are also among in the family of [[Visayan people]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/ethnic-groups-in-the-philippines/waray |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527142811/http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/ethnic-groups-in-the-philippines/waray/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{asia-stub}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in the Philippines]] 4jxfc9t089y6m30mp0j9gl2apmh9j1e 0 1120305 10882884 10864574 2026-06-10T03:22:44Z Koqkpa 1203320 /* */ copyedit 10882884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{grammar|time=July 2025}} {{Expand Russian|date=July 2025}} [[Image:Coat of Arms of Taldom (Moscow oblast).png|thumb|90px|Coat of arms]] '''Taldom''' ({{lang-ru|Талдом}}) is a town in [[Moscow Oblast]], [[Russia]]. It is located 110 kilometers (68 miles) north of [[Moscow]]. The [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Russian Census]] says there are 13,819 people living in the town. == Population == 13,819 people populated the area in 2010. The town population was counted to about 16,940 people in 2025.<ref>Mapy.com: population: 16,940</ref> Since the [[Soviet Union]], the settlement's population has been slowly growing. == Culture and history == [[File:Taldom collage.jpg|thumb]] Taldom is characterized by its [[Artisan|artisanal]] shoemaking practice. It was founded after the Middle Ages, in 1677.<ref>Wikipedia: Taldom was founded in 1677 as a village. This fact is widely recognized by local historians, because there is no mention of a village called "Taldom" in the Kashinskaya Pistsovaya Kniga (the scrible book of Kashin)</ref> The town's flag features a white [[Crane (bird)|crane]] holding a golden wheat stalk in its beak. This element of the banner symbolizes prosperity and Russian wildlife. The town has many [[Church (building)|churches]] and [[Chapel|chapels]]. {{Moscow Oblast}} == Area and geography == Its [[surface area]] is measured to be 7 [[Square kilometre|square kilometres]], equal to about 2.7 [[Square mile|square miles]]. It is located in west-central Russia, near [[Yaroslavl]] (Russian: Ярославль) and [[Tver]] (Russian: Тверь). Usually, the temperature ranges from -12.2°C or 10°F to 23.9°C or 75°F.<ref>Weather Spark: In Taldom, the summers are comfortable and partly cloudy and the winters are long, freezing, snowy, and overcast. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 10°F to 75°F and is rarely below -11°F or above 86°F.</ref> Like most of Russia, Taldom's climate is [[continental climate|continental]]. Common [[precipitation]] includes snow, hail and rain. Winters are tough and long. == References == {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:Cities and towns in Moscow Oblast]] 7slxehwz8q5nh87s2tqdacv3s2rtnu5 0 1120485 10882282 10880593 2026-06-09T12:37:56Z ~2026-32876-62 1819060 /* Series 2 (January / December 2017) */ 10882282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{more sources|date=October 2025}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of ''Peppa Pig'' episodes}} {{Very long|date=August 2025}} ''[[Peppa Pig]]'' is a British [[preschool]] [[animated]] [[television series]], It was produced by [[Astley Baker Davies]]. The show is about a piglet and her family and friends. Each episode is five minutes long. ==Series overview== <onlyinclude>{{Series overview | color1 = red | link1 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 1 (2003-04) | episodes1 = 52 | start1 = {{Start date|2004|05|31|df=y}} | end1 = {{End date|2004|11|30|df=y}} | color2 = blue | link2 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 2 (2005–07) | episodes2 = 52 | start2 = {{Start date|2006|09|4|df=y}} | end2 = {{End date|2007|06|20|df=y}} | color2S = #CE2029 | link2S = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Christmas special (2007) | linkT2S = Christmas special | episodes2S = 2 | start2S = {{Start date|2007|12|25|df=y}} | color3 = orange | link3 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 3-4 (2009–10) | episodes3 = 52 | start3 = {{Start date|2009|05|4|df=y}} | end3 = {{End date|2010|12|17|df=y}} | color4 = green | link4 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 5-6 (2011–13) | episodes4 = 52 | start4 = {{Start date|2011|05|23|df=y}} | end4 = {{End date|2013|01|01|df=y}} | color4S = #BEDBED | link4S = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Specials (2015—16) | linkT4S = Specials | episodes4S = 3 | start4S = {{Start date|2015|02|14|df=y}} | end4S = {{End date|2016|03|6|df=y}} | color5 = cyan | link5 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 7 (2016–18) | episodes5 = 52 | start5 = {{Start date|2016|10|24|df=y}} | end5 = {{End date|2018|09|21|df=y}} | color5S = #FF91A4 | link5S = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Film (2017) | linkT5S = Film | start5S = {{Start date|2017|04|7|df=y}} | color6 = yellow | link6 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 8 (2019–20) | episodes6 = 52 | start6 = {{Start date|2019|02|5|df=y}} | end6 = {{End date|2020|10|7|df=y}} | color7 = purple | link7 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 9 (2021–23) | episodes7 = 65 | start7 = {{Start date|2021|03|8|df=y}} | end7 = {{End date|2023|02|23|df=y}} | color8 = pink | link8 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 10 (2023–25) | episodes8 = 52 | start8 = {{Start date|2023|12|11|df=y}} | end8 = {{End date|2025|03|30|df=y}} | color9 = #FB607F | link9 = <includeonly>List of Peppa Pig episodes</includeonly>#Series 11 (2025-) | episodes9 = | start9 = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} }} </onlyinclude> ==Episodes== ===Series 1 (2004)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 1}} ===Series 2 (January / December 2017)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 2}} ===Series 3 (2009–10)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 3}} ===Series 4 (2011-16)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 4}} ===Series 5 (2016–18)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 5}} ===Series 6 (2019-20)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 6}} ===Series 7 (2021–23)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 7}} ===Series 8 (2023–25)=== {{Main|Peppa Pig series 8}} ===Series 9 (2025-26)=== {{Episode table|background=#884258|overall=8|series=8|title=36|writer=16|aux1=12|airdate=20|aux4=16|aux1T=Premiere|aux4T=DVD reference|dontclose = y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 434 |EpisodeNumber2 = 1 |Title = Bigger House |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} {{Start date|2025|08|04|df=y}} (Nick Jr.) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = With the arrival of the new baby, Mummy Pig decides that they need a bigger house. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 435 |EpisodeNumber2 = 2 |Title = The Big Build |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} {{Start date|2025|08|05|df=y}} (Nick Jr.) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Daddy Pig helps construct the new house. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 436 |EpisodeNumber2 = 3 |Title = Decorating |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} {{Start date|2025|08|06|df=y}} (Nick Jr.) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and George decide on how their new rooms should look. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 437 |EpisodeNumber2 = 4 |Title = Bigger Car |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} {{Start date|2025|08|07|df=y}} (Nick Jr.) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Daddy Pig gets a larger car to replace their older one, as it lacks any more room for the new arrival. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 438 |EpisodeNumber2 = 5 |Title = Patchwork Quilt |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and Mummy Pig help make a nice quilt for the baby. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 439 |EpisodeNumber2 = 6 |Title = Sibling School |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} {{Start date|2025|08|11|df=y}} (Nick Jr.) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and George visit a special school run by Miss Rabbit on how to look after newborns. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 440 |EpisodeNumber2 = 7 |Title = New Baby |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} {{Start date|2025|08|12|df=y}} (Nick Jr.) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Mummy Pig is about to give birth to a loving baby girl, and Peppa and George; who are staying with Granny and Grandpa Pig, are excited for the arrival. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 441 |EpisodeNumber2 = 8 |Title = Baby Names |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa sees the new baby for the first time, and tries to think of a good name for her. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 442 |EpisodeNumber2 = 9 |Title = Holding the Baby |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Cinemas |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa feels unsure about holding Evie Pig for the first time. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 443 |EpisodeNumber2 = 10 |Title = Granny Sheep's Art Van |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|17|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Driving along in Mummy Sheep's car, they spot an old van at the Recycling Center. With the help of Peppa's friends, they make the van colorful! And with Granddad Dog's help, Granny Sheep can now take art out into the world! }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 444 |EpisodeNumber2 = 11 |Title = Being Inspired |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|18|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and friends, along with Mummy Sheep and Granny Sheep, are taking Vanessa to Grampy Rabbit's boat yard to be inspired. The children make all sorts of creations from things lying around, and they display them for all to see on Vanessa's new art wall! }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 445 |EpisodeNumber2 = 12 |Title = Jigsaw Festival |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|19|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and George are at a Jigsaw festival with Granny and Grandpa Pig. Old Mrs. Donkey explains how important it is not to lose a jigsaw piece. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 446 |EpisodeNumber2 = 13 |Title = Hobbies |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|20|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = The children share what they and their parents like to do for fun, but everyone knows Peppa's hobby is jumping in muddy puddles! }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 447 |EpisodeNumber2 = 14 |Title = Penny Polar Bear's Party |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|24|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa, Suzy, Rebecca, Danny, Pedro, Gerald and Molly are invited to Penny's birthday party, where they play hockey! }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 448 |EpisodeNumber2 = 15 |Title = The Biggest Picture in the World |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|25|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and Suzy gather their friends for an art project. With the help of Granny Sheep, the children create a mural on the wall using various painting techniques. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 449 |EpisodeNumber2 = 16 |Title = Martial Arts |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|26|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = At the gym, Madame Gazelle is teaching the children about martial arts. Along with Mr Bull, the children learn how to fall safely, balance and even how to throw punches in the right stance. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 450 |EpisodeNumber2 = 17 |Title = Doctor Hamster's Ant Farm |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nickelodeon |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|27|df=y}} (Nickelodeon) |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Dr. Hamster is visiting the playgroup today, and she has brought a giant ant farm. With all the talk about ants, they don't notice they've escaped! }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 451 |EpisodeNumber2 = 18 |Title = Hearing Test |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Channel 5 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|09|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and George have a hearing test, where George finds out he is moderately deaf in one of his ears and needs a hearing aid. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 452 |EpisodeNumber2 = 19 |Title = Favourite Sound |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Channel 5 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|10|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa helps George discover the different sounds now that he has a hearing aid. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 453 |EpisodeNumber2 = 20 |Title = Hospital Sleepover |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Channel 5 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|11|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa is out with Grandpa Pig cleaning his boat, but it soon turns around when he drops an anchor on his foot. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 454 |EpisodeNumber2 = 21 |Title = Caring for Grandpa Pig |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Channel 5 |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|12|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Grandpa Pig is sad to be in the hospital, but thankfully, Granny Pig, Peppa and her family are there to care for him. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 455 |EpisodeNumber2 = 22 |Title = Duck Race! |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nick Jr. |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|02|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and her friends race their ducks. Who will be the winner? }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 456 |EpisodeNumber2 = 23 |Title = Grown-Up Playground |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nick Jr. |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|1|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa and her friends find out about outdoor gyms. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 457 |EpisodeNumber2 = 24 |Title = Run Daddy Run! |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nick Jr. |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|30|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Daddy Pig decides to train to compete in the London Marathon. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 458 |EpisodeNumber2 = 25 |Title = Coach Peppa |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nick Jr. |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|30|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = Peppa continues to help out Daddy Pig with his training. }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list |EpisodeNumber = 459 |EpisodeNumber2 = 26 |Title = The London Marathon |WrittenBy = |Aux1 = Nick Jr. |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|31|df=y}} |Aux4 = |LineColor = 884258 |ShortSummary = It's the day of the London Marathon, and the family are cheering Daddy Pig on. }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ==''Peppa Pig Tales'' (2022-present)== These episodes are uploaded weekly on Saturdays on [[YouTube]]. These have a different voice cast for the characters to typical episodes. ===Series 1 (2022-23)=== {{Episode table|series=|title=|writer=|airdate=|dontclose = y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Nappy Change | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = Football Game | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = Plane Ride | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Football Referee | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Happy Thanksgiving | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = Road Safety | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Fireworks | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Hot and Cold | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Pillow Fort | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Football Party | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Snorkelling | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = Christmas with Baby Alexander | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Sports Day at Playgroup | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = Christmas Lunch | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = Mystery Box | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Board Games | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = Christmas Tree | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = Snow Monster | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = New Years Eve | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = New Years Resolution | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|12|31|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Back to School | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Fruit and Veg Scavenger Hunt | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = Vending Machine | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Backwards Day | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|01|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = Duckpond Diversion | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Valentines Pizza | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Valentines Surprise | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = American Football | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = Big Bug Museum | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Pancake Day | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Colour Changing Game | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Magic Story | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Hedgehog | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Bees | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = Slide Race | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = Toilet Trail | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = Cars, Buses and Trains | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = Baby Bumps | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = Arts and Crafts | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = Sleepover at the Museum | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = April Fools Day | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|03|31|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = Jokes and Pranks | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = Sort the Rubbish | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = Easter | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = Baby Alexander Visits Playgroup | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = Cops and Robbers | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = Superhero School | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = Vegetables on the Moon | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|04|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = Cinco de Mayo | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = King of the Playgroup | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = Seesaw Time | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|12|df=yes}} | LineColor = | ShortSummary = }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = Transportation | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|13|df=yes}} | LineColor = | ShortSummary = }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ===Series 2 (2023)=== {{Episode table|series=|title=|writer=|airdate=|dontclose = y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Getting Dressed | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = Packing a Picnic | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = Takeaway | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Garden Den | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|05|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Go Karts | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = Fishing Trip | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Dentist for the Day | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Boat Race | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Volcano Science | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Arcade Fever | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #F63A78 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Underground | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = Bowling Party | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Obstacle Course | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|06|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = Independence Day | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = Shuffleboard | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Cruise Ship Captain | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = World Emoji Day | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock, Naomi Smith & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = Juice Factory | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = Buffet Restaurant | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = Water Games | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Cameras | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Concert | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|07|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = Airshow | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Shoe Shop | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = Very Long Story | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Ice Cream Sundaes | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Sleep Over | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = Yoga | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = Picture Day | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Fun House | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|08|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Spa Day | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Tacos | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Prizes | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Magic Show | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = Play Dates | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = Toyland Giants | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = Muddy Race | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|09|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = Scooter Lesson | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = Maze | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = Ghost Hunt | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = Halloween Costumes | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = Tricky Treats | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|10|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = The Movies | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = Grown Up Jobs | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = Charity Shop | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = Train Sleepover | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = The Doctors | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = Sweet Shop | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = New School Bus | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|11|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = Toy Shop | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = Chocolate Factory | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = Christmas Swim at Sea | WrittenBy = Bita Joudaki | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|12|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ===Series 3 (2024)=== {{Episode table |series= |title= |writer= |airdate= |dontclose = y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Train Robbery | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = Supermarket Sprint | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = Celery Stick Falls | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Toy Factory | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Balloons | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = Mermaids | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Tree House Camp Out | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Shopping Robot | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|01|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Police Car Rescue | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Disco Limo | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Carrot Catcher | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = Pancake Restaurant | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Fairy Tales | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = Granny Pig's Messy Birthday Party | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = All Fall Down | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Surprise Lift | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|02|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = Sandwich Shop | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = Bouncy Maze | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = Mother's Day Breakfast | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = Secret Room | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Slime Race | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Refill Station | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = Karate Class | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Catch The Bunny | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = Cake Pranks | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|03|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Video Call | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Red Light, Green Light | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = Ducks In Tinyland | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = Peppa's Tie Dye | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Fancy Bathroom | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Whooshing Watering Cans | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Ice Lollies | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Space Party | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|04|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Sticky Notes | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = Airport | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = Delivered | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = The Calm Room | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = Lost In The Movie Theatre | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = Prehistoric George | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = Toothpaste | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = Playground Dig | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = Romantic Dinner | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = Jail | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|05|31|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = Pottery Class | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = Quack, Quack, Honk! | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = Growing Up | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = Muddy Puddle Mystery | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = Climb! | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = The Great Alien Invasion | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland & Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = Hide and Seek in The Garden | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = The Rocket Ride | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|06|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = Garage Games | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ===Series 4 (2024-25)=== {{Episode table|series=|title=|writer=|airdate=|dontclose=y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Muddy Slide | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = Experiments | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = Super Peppa | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Very French Breakfast | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Sandy Island | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = Surf 'n' Skate | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Iced Lolly Surprise | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|07|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Blowup Splash Course | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Bad Mitten | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Sushi Train | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Baby Food | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = Splash Battle | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Dance Party Bus | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = First Aid | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = Peppa's Cardboard Castle | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|08|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Agents & Spies | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = Fancy Splashy Garden Party | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = Mystery Drinks | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = Peppa vs George | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = Little Robot | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Game Night | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Cabin Pressure | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = School Shopping | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Daddy's New Glasses | WrittenBy = Rebecca Hyland | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = Tidy Up | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|09|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Noisy Nightmare | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Dirt Blaster | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = Trick Or Treat | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = Pasta Bar | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Donations Day | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Mystery Hide-Out | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Spooky Funhouse | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Electic Car | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|10|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Halloween Mummies | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = Fridgey Friend | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = Sick Day | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = DIY | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = Peppa's Tropical Island Adventure | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = Ready, Set, Bake | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = Drive-Thru | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = Video Diary | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|11|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = Wonder Skates | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham & Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = Movie Night | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = Tooth Ache | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = Box Fort Maze | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = Christmas Shopping | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = Visiting Santa | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = Peppa's Hotel | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = Naughty or Nice | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = Mystery Gift | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = Santa's Workshop | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = Playing Games | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2024|12|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ===Series 5 (2025)=== {{Episode table|series=|title=|writer=|airdate=|dontclose=y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Train Station | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = Around the World Food | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = Secret Restaurant | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Sleepover Party | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Mystery Sweets | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = Chinese Restaurant Buffet | WrittenBy = Gretchen Mallorie | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|01|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Really Big Shop | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Popcorn Machine | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Valentine's Day | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Tunnel of Love | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Dress Up Day | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = Fondue | WrittenBy = Jeremy Krause | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Mummy Mischief Returns! | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = So Much Music | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = Pancake Festival | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|02|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Fixing the Party Bus | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = Easter Egg Hunt | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = Paint Party | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = A Trip Through Time | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = Really Big News | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Japanese Shop | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Even More Mummy's Day | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = Noisy Treasure Hunt | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Queen Of The Castle | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|03|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = Cravings | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Falling Out | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Island Beach Campout | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = Jelly Mission | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = Coins | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Baby Check | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Safety Centre | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Teamwork Challenge | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|04|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Dragons By The Dungeons | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Baby Balloon | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = Ice Creams vs Smoothies | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = Baby Shower | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = Doctors And Patients | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = Toy Machine | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = Camp Colourful | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = Very Big Slides | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = Breakfast-o-matic | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = Ultrasound | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|05|31|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = It's Finished! | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = Decorating Day | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = All the Doors | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = Test Drive | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = Evie | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = Safety First | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = Cardboard Hospital | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = Ice Cream Factory | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|06|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = Evie's Bedtime | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = House Warming Party | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ===Series 6 (2025-26)=== {{Episode table |series= |title= |writer= |airdate= |dontclose = y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Dino-saw-fari | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = N'night | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = First-Aid Room | WrittenBy = Jeremy Krause | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Toilet Factory | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Silly Pictures | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = The Quiet Game | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Beep Beep | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Bath Time | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Sights and Sounds! | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Tree Top Obstacle Course | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Lava | WrittenBy = Jeremy Krause | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = The Lazy River | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Magic Red Button | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = Tiny Land Rescue Mission | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = Rainbow Buffet | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|08|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Picture Shop | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = Super Foods | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = Cardboard Castles | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = Broken Toy | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = Baby Walk | WrittenBy = Alison Ray | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Spooky Roller Coaster | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Escalators | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = Giant Croissant | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|09|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Peace and Quiet | WrittenBy = Jessica Silcock & Naomi Smith | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = Virtual Holiday | WrittenBy = Tom Gidman | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Fossil | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Reservoir Visit | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = Princess Party | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = Family Costume | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|18|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Baby Food | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Witches & Fairies | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|25|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Fireworks Night | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|10|31|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Lil Town | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Fancy Train | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = Evie's Check Up | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = Say Yes | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = Big Dinner | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = Fun Lesson | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = Illusions | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = Massive Mess | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = Christmas Eve | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|11|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = Christmas Light Trail | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|12|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = Karaoke | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|12|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = Ice World | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|12|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = Festive Buffet | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|12|19|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = Cosy Day | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|12|26|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = Squashpuff | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = Doll House | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = Giant Teeth | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = Video Call | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = Indoor Water Park | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|01|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = George | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ===Series 7 (2026)=== {{Episode table |series= |title= |writer= |airdate= |dontclose = y}} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 1 | Title = Baby Albums | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 2 | Title = Valentine's Spy Mission | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|12|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 3 | Title = Oink and Seek | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 4 | Title = Watermelon Experiments | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 5 | Title = Cinema Trip | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 6 | Title = Race Cars | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 7 | Title = Dragon Dasher | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 8 | Title = Painting with Evie | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|02|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 9 | Title = Hearing Aid | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 10 | Title = Daddy's Mystery Itchoos | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|07|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 11 | Title = Fire Station | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|13|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 12 | Title = Sci-Fi Convention | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|14|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 13 | Title = Nappy Race | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|20|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 14 | Title = The Big Ride | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|21|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 15 | Title = Evie's First Bus Ride | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|27|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 16 | Title = Easter Evie | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|03|28|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 17 | Title = Marathon Training | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|03|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 18 | Title = X-Ray | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|04|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 19 | Title = Fundraising | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|10|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 20 | Title = Escape Room | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|11|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 21 | Title = Mini Marathon | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|17|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 22 | Title = Metal Detector Quest | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|04|24|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 23 | Title = Daddy Pig's Marathon | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|01|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 24 | Title = Super Duper Heroes | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|02|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 25 | Title = The Warehouse | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|08|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 26 | Title = Arcade Games | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|09|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 27 | Title = Escape From the Zoo | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|15|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 28 | Title = Match Day | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|16|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 29 | Title = New Clothes | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|22|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 30 | Title = Squashpuff Shake | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|23|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 31 | Title = Old Rusty Bike | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|29|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 32 | Title = Evie's First Bike Ride | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|05|30|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 33 | Title = Walkabout | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|06|05|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 34 | Title = Sleepover with Chloe | WrittenBy = Ryan Denham | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2026|06|06|df=yes}} | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 35 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 36 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 37 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 38 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 39 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 40 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 41 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 42 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 43 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 44 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 45 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 46 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 47 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 48 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 49 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 50 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 51 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{#invoke:Episode list|list | EpisodeNumber = 52 | Title = | WrittenBy = | OriginalAirDate = | ShortSummary = | LineColor = #00AB67 }} {{End|html=y|Episode table}} ==References== {{Expand section|date=April 2026}} {{reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb episodes|0426769|Peppa Pig}} * [https://www.peppapig.co.uk/ ''Peppa Pig'' official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814180304/https://www.peppapig.co.uk/ |date=2022-08-14 }} * [https://www.milkshake.tv/peppa-pig ''Peppa Pig''] at [[Milkshake!|milkshake.tv]] * [http://www.nickjr.co.uk/peppa-pig/ ''Peppa Pig''] at [[Nick Jr. Channel|nickjr.co.uk]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Peppa Pig}} [[Category:Peppa Pig|*]] [[Category:Lists of comedy television series episodes]] 7xp3jyjf6chen4pke55o0mdcqrgejxh 0 1122604 10882893 10835123 2026-06-10T03:33:02Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{family name hatnote|Vladimirovich|Mayakovsky|lang= Eastern Slavic}} {{Infobox writer | birth_name = Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky | name = Vladimir Mayakovsky | image = Majakovszkij (cropped).jpg | caption = Mayakovsky in 1920 | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|19 July|1893|7 July}} | birth_place = [[Baghdati]], [[Kutais Governorate|Kutais]], [[Russian Empire]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1930|04|14|1893|07|19}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Stroganov Moscow State University of Arts and Industry]], [[Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture]] | years_active = 1912–1930 | genre = Poetry | subject = [[New Soviet man]] | movement = [[Russian Futurism]]<br>[[Cubo-Futurism]] | signature = Vladimir_Mayakovsky_signature.svg | module = {{Listen | embed = yes | filename = В.Маяковский - Необычайное приключение (1920 г.).ogg | title = Vladimir Mayakovsky's voice | description = Vladimir Mayakovsky reading his poem ''An Extraordinary Adventure'', 1920 | type = speech }} }} '''Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky''' ({{lang-rus|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский||məjɪˈkofskʲɪj|Ru-Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.ogg|links=y}}; {{OldStyleDate|19 July|1893|7 July}} – 14 April 1930) was a [[Soviet]] Russian [[poet]], [[playwright]], [[artist]], and [[actor]]. Before the [[Russian Revolution]] until 1917, Mayakovsky became an important part of the [[Russian Futurism|Russian Futurist]] movement. He [[Signature|signed]] the Futurist manifesto, ''A Slap in the Face of Public Taste'' (1913). He wrote [[Poem|poems]]. His famous poems are "[[A Cloud in Trousers]]" (1915) and "[[Backbone Flute]]" (1916). Mayakovsky made many works in his career. He wrote many [[Poem|poems]], wrote and [[Movie director|directed]] [[Play (theatre)|plays]], was in many [[Movie|movies]], edited the art [[Literary magazine|journal]] [[LEF (journal)|''LEF'']], and made [[agitprop]] [[Poster|posters]] for the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]. Mayakovsky's work showed that he supported the [[Bolshevik|Bolsheviks]] and supported [[Vladimir Lenin]].<ref>{{Cite book |title = Selected Works in Three Volumes |last = Mayakovsky |first = Vladimir |publisher = Raduga Publishers |year = 1985 |isbn = 5-05-00001 7-3 |location = USSR |pages = [https://archive.org/details/selectedworksint00maya/page/238 238] |volume = 1 (Selected Verse) |others = English poem trans. Irina Zheleznova |chapter = Conversation with Comrade Lenin |quote = On snow-covered lands / and stubbly fields, / in smoky plants / and on factory sites, / with you in our hearts, / Comrade Lenin, / we think, / we breathe, / we live, / we build, / and we fight! |chapter-url-access = registration |chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/selectedworksint00maya/page/238}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = The Bedbug and Selected Poetry |last = Mayakovsky |first = Vladimir |publisher = Meridian Books |year = 1960 |isbn = 978-0253201898 |location = New York |pages = 231–235 |others = trans. Max Hayward and George Reavey |chapter = At the Top of My Voice |quote = When I appear / before the CCC / of the coming / bright years, / by way of my Bolshevik party card, / I’ll raise / above the heads / of a gang of self-seeking / poets and rogues, / all the hundred volumes / of my / communist-committed books.}}</ref> However, he often had issues with the [[Soviet]] state. Mayakovsky did not like their [[Censorship in the Soviet Union|cultural censorship]] and [[Socialist realism]]. He made some works that [[Satire|satirized]] or attacked the Soviet Union. These included the poem "Talking With the Taxman About Poetry" (1926), and the plays ''[[The Bedbug]]'' (1929) and ''[[The Bathhouse]]'' (1929). The Soviet state did not like this. In 1930, Mayakovsky killed himself. After his death, [[Joseph Stalin]] said that Mayakovsky was one of the most important poets in the Soviet Union.<ref name=":1"> {{Cite book |title = Manufacturing Culture: The Soviet State and the Mayakovsky Legend 1930–1993 |last = Sundaram |first = Chantal |publisher = National Library of Canada: Acquisitions and Bibliographical Services |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-612-50061-6 |location = Ottawa, Canada |pages = 71, 85}} </ref> ==Famous works== ===Poems=== *''[[A Cloud in Trousers]]'' ({{lang|ru|Облако в штанах}}, 1915) *''[[Backbone Flute]]'' ({{lang|ru|Флейта-позвоночник}}, 1915) *''[[The War and the World]]'' ({{lang|ru|Война и мир}}, 1917) *''[[The Man (poem)|The Man]]'' ({{lang|ru|Человек}}, 1918) *''[[150 000 000]]'' (1921) *''[[About That]]'' ({{lang|ru|Про это}}, ''Pro eto'', 1923) *''[[Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (poem)|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]]'' ({{lang|ru|Владимир Ильич Ленин}}, 1924) *''A Flying Proletarian'' ({{lang|ru|Летающий пролетарий}}, 1925) *''[[All Right!]]'' ({{lang|ru|Хорошо!}}, 1927) ====Poem cycles and collections==== *''The Early Ones'' ({{lang|ru|Первое}}, 1912–1924, 22 poems) *''I'' ({{lang|ru|Я}}, 1914, 4 poems) *''Satires. 1913–1927'' (23 poems, including "Take That!", 1914) *''The War'' ({{lang|ru|Война}}, 1914–1916, 8 poems) *''Lyrics'' ({{lang|ru|Лирика}}, 1916, {{lang|ru|Лирика}}, 1916, 3 poems) *''Revolution'' ({{lang|ru|Революция}}, 1917–1928, 22 poems, including "Ode to Revolution", 1918; "The Left March", 1919) *''Everyday Life'' ({{lang|ru|Быт}}, 1921–1924, 11 poems, including "On Rubbish", 1921, "Re Conferences", 1922) *''The Art of the Commune'' ({{lang|ru|Искусство коммуны}}, 1918–1923, 11 poems, including "An Order to the Army of Arts", 1918) *''Agitpoems'' ({{lang|ru|Агитпоэмы}}, 1923, 6 poems, including "The Mayakovsky Gallery") *''[[The West (Mayakovsky)|The West]]'' ({{lang|ru|Запад}}, 1922–1925, 10 poems, including "How Does the Democratic Republic Work?", and the 8-poem ''Paris'' cycle) *''The American Poems'' ({{lang|ru|Стихи об Америке}}, 1925–1926, 21 poems, including "The Brooklyn Bridge") *''On Poetry'' ({{lang|ru|О поэзии}}, 1926, 7 poems, including "Talking with the Taxman About Poetry", "For Sergey Yesenin") *''The Satires. 1926'' ({{lang|ru|Сатира}}, 1926. 14 poems) *''Lyrics. 1918–1924'' ({{lang|ru|Лирика}}. 12 poems, including "I Love", 1922) *''Publicism'' ({{lang|ru|Публицистика}}, 1926, 12 poems, including "To Comrade Nette, a Steamboat and a Man", 1926) *''The Children's Room'' ({{lang|ru|Детская}}, 1925–1929. 9 poems for children, including "What Is Good and What Is Bad") *''Poems. 1927–1928'' (56 poems, including "Lenin With Us!") *''Satires. 1928'' ({{lang|ru|Сатира}}. 1928, 9 poems) *''Cultural Revolution'' ({{lang|ru|Культурная революция}}, 1927–1928, 20 poems, including "Beer and Socialism") *''Agit…''({{lang|ru|Агит…}}, 1928, 44 poems, including "'Yid'") *''Roads'' ({{lang|ru|Дороги}}, 1928, 11 poems) *''The First of Five'' ({{lang|ru|Первый из пяти}}, 1925, 26 poems) *''Back and Forth'' ({{lang|ru|Туда и обратно}}, 1928–1930, 19 poems, including "The Poem of the Soviet Passport") *''Formidable Laughter'' ({{lang|ru|Грозный смех}}, 1922–1930; more than 100 poems, published posthumously, 1932–1936) *''Poems, 1924–1930'' ({{lang|ru|Стихотворения}}. 1924–1930, including "A Letter to Comrade Kostrov on the Essence of Love", 1929) *''Whom Shall I Become?'' ({{lang|ru|Кем Быть}}, ''Kem byt'?'', published posthumously 1931, poem for children, illustrated by N. A. Shifrin) ===Plays=== *''[[Vladimir Mayakovsky (tragedy)|Vladimir Mayakovsky]]'' ({{lang|ru|Владимир Маяковский}}. Subtitled: Tragedy, 1914) *''[[Mystery-Bouffe]]'' ({{lang|ru|Мистерия-Буфф}}, 1918) *''[[The Bedbug]]'' ({{lang|ru|Клоп}}, 1929) *''[[The Bathhouse]]'' ({{lang|ru|Баня}}. 1930) *''Moscow Burns. 1905'' ({{lang|ru|Москва горит}}. 1905, 1930) ===Essays and sketches=== *''My Discovery of America'' ({{lang|ru|Мое открытие Америки}}, 1926), in four parts *''How to Make Verses'' ({{lang|ru|Как делать стихи}}, 1926) === Movies === * Not Born for Money ([[:ru:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9, %D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 %D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87#cite note-51|Не для денег родившийся]], 1918) * Fettered by Film ([[:ru:%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F %D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9|Закованная фильмой]], 1918) * Lady and the Hooligan ([[:ru:%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F %D0%B8 %D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD (%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC, 1918)|Барышня и хулиган]], 1918) === Translations === * Mayakovsky, Vladimir. ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=2qIrVihyT3cC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The Bedbug and selected poetry].'' Ed. with introd. by Patricia Blake. Trans. by Max Hayward and George Reavey. New York: Meridian Books, 1960. Reprint: Indiana University Press, 1975. * Mayakovsky, Vladimir. ''Mayakovsky: Plays''. Trans. Guy Daniels. ([[Northwestern University]] Press, Evanston, Il, 1995). {{ISBN|0-8101-1339-2}}. * Mayakovsky, Vladimir. ''For the voice '' (The [[British Library]], London, 2000). * Mayakovsky, Vladimir (ed. Bengt Jangfeldt, trans. Julian Graffy). ''Love is the heart of everything : correspondence between Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lili Brik 1915–1930'' (Polygon Books, Edinburgh, 1986). * Mayakovsky, Vladimir (comp. and trans. Herbert Marshall). ''Mayakovsky and his poetry'' (Current Book House, Bombay, 1955). * Mayakovsky, Vladimir. ''Selected works in three volumes'' ([[Raduga Publishers|Raduga]], Moscow, 1985). * Mayakovsky, Vladimir. ''Selected poetry.'' (Foreign Languages, Moscow, 1975). * Mayakovsky, Vladimir (ed. Bengt Jangfeldt and Nils Ake Nilsson). ''Vladimir Majakovsky: Memoirs and essays'' (Almqvist & Wiksell Int., Stockholm 1975). === Books === {{Refbegin}} * Aizlewood, Robin. ''Verse form and meaning in the poetry of Vladimir Maiakovsky: Tragediia, Oblako v shtanakh, Fleita-pozvonochnik, Chelovek, Liubliu, Pro eto'' (Modern Humanities Research Association, London, 1989). * Brown, E. J. ''Mayakovsky: a poet in the revolution'' (Princeton Univ. Press, 1973). * Charters, Ann & Samuel. ''I love : the story of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lili Brik'' (Farrar Straus Giroux, NY, 1979). * Humesky, Assya. ''Majakovskiy and his neologisms'' (Rausen Publishers, NY, 1964). * Jangfeldt, Bengt. ''Majakovsky and futurism 1917–1921'' (Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, 1976). * [[Janko Lavrin|Lavrin, Janko]]. ''From Pushkin to Mayakovsky, a study in the evolution of a literature.'' (Sylvan Press, London, 1948). * Novatorskoe iskusstvo Vladimira Maiakovskogo (trans. Alex Miller). ''Vladimir Mayakovsky: Innovator'' (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1976). * [[George Rapall Noyes (Slavic scholar)|Noyes, George Rapall]] (ed.). [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.29219/page/n10/mode/1up ''Masterpieces of the Russian drama'']. Vol. 2 (Dover Pub., NY, 1961 [1933]). * Nyka-Niliūnas, Alfonsas. ''Keturi vėjai ir keturvėjinikai'' (The Four Winds literary movement and its members), ''Aidai'', 1949, No. 24. {{in lang|lt}} * Rougle, Charles. ''Three Russians consider America : America in the works of Maksim Gorkij, Aleksandr Blok, and Vladimir Majakovsky'' (Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, 1976). * Shklovskii, Viktor Borisovich. (ed. and trans. Lily Feiler). ''Mayakovsky and his circle'' (Dodd, Mead, NY, 1972). * Stapanian, Juliette. ''Mayakovsky's cubo-futurist vision'' (Rice University Press, 1986). * Terras, Victor. ''Vladimir Mayakovsky'' (Twayne, Boston, 1983). * Vallejo, César (trans. Richard Schaaf) ''The Mayakovsky case'' (Curbstone Press, Willimantic, CT, 1982). * Volk, Craig, "Mayakovsky Takes The Stage" (full-length stage drama), 2006 and "At The Top Of My Voice" (feature-length screenplay), 2002. * Wachtel, Michael. ''The development of Russian verse : meter and its meanings'' (Cambridge University Press, 1998). {{Refend}} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Other websites== {{wikiquote}} {{commons|Vladimir Mayakovsky|Vladimir Mayakovsky}} {{Wikisource|Author:Vladimir Mayakovsky|Vladimir Mayakovsky}} {{Refbegin}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky}} * {{Librivox author |id=10344}} * [https://www.marxists.org/subject/art/literature/mayakovsky/index.htm Vladimir Mayakovsky Archive] at [[marxists.org]] * [http://www.albany.edu/offcourse/issue41/cigale_translations5.html#mayakovsky/ English translations of three early poems] * [http://www.elevenelevenjournal.com/2012/01/25/vladimir-mayakovsky/ English translation of two poems, "So This is How I Turned Into a Dog” and “Hey!”] * [http://asymptotejournal.com/article.php?cat=Poetry&id=91&curr_index=&curPage=search/ English translation of “To His Beloved Self….”] * [http://www.elnitsky.com/flute.html Rhymed English translation] of "[[Backbone Flute]]" * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131212103645/http://www.em-review.com/issues/2012/(em)_issue_1_F2012.pdf Includes English translations of two poems, 127–128] * [http://readrussia.org/audio/listen-a-little-laugh-a-little-live-a-little A recording of Mayakovsky reading "An Extraordinary Adventure..." in Russian, English translation provided] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929135650/https://readrussia.org/audio/listen-a-little-laugh-a-little-live-a-little |date=2023-09-29 }} * [http://press.uchicago.edu/books/excerpt/2015/Jangfeldt_Mayakovsky.html "A Show-Trial," an excerpt from ''Mayakovsky: A Biography'' by Bengt Jangfeldt], 2014. * [https://www.marxists.org/archive/deutscher/1943/poet-revolution.htm Isaac Deutscher, ''The Poet and the Revolution''], 1943. * [http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1924/lit_revo/ch04.htm Chapter on Russian Futurists incl Mayakovsky in Trotsky's ''Literature and Revolution''] * [http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/the-raging-bull-of-russian-poetry-1.224897 The 'raging bull' of Russian poetry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925000443/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/the-raging-bull-of-russian-poetry-1.224897 |date=2015-09-25 }} article by Dalia Karpel at Haaretz.com, 5 July 2007 * {{IMDb name|0562194}} * [https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/mayakovsky-museum The State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky at Google Cultural Institute] * {{PM20|FID=pe/019331}} * [https://www.academia.edu/45234726/The_Motherland_will_Notice_her_Terrible_Mistake_Paradox_of_Futurism_in_Jasienski_Mayakovsky_and_Shklovsky The Motherland will Notice her Terrible Mistake: Paradox of Futurism in Jasienski, Mayakovsky and Shklovsky] {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mayakovsky, Vladimir}} [[Category:1893 births]] [[Category:1930 deaths]] [[Category:Atheists]] [[Category:Russian atheists]] [[Category:Movie directors from Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Writers from Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Soviet writers]] [[Category:20th-century poets]] [[Category:Silent movie actors]] [[Category:Russian painters]] [[Category:20th-century painters]] [[Category:Russian playwrights]] [[Category:Futurists]] [[Category:Marxists]] [[Category:Russian stage actors]] [[Category:Suicides by firearm]] [[Category:People from the Russian Empire]] clmb6s8bvq75rk6v7f3wgba62h29klm 0 1123717 10883028 10880288 2026-06-10T09:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10883028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Archbishop | honorific_prefix = | name = Wiktor Skworc | honorific_suffix = | title = Archbishop Emeritus of Katowice | image = Wiktor Skworc 2020 communion.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Wiktor Skworc in 2020 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | church = [[Roman Catholic Church]] | archdiocese = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Katowice|Archdiocese of Katowice]] | term = 2011–2023 | predecessor = Damian Zimoń | successor = [[Adrian Galbas]] | ordination = 19 April 1973 | consecration = 6 January 1998 | consecrated_by = [[Pope John Paul II]] | birth_name = Wiktor Skworc | birth_date = 19 May 1948 | birth_place = [[Bielszowice]], [[Poland]] | nationality = Polish | religion = Roman Catholic | occupation = | profession = | alma_mater = | motto = ''Omnia propter Evangelium'' | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Wiktor Skworc.svg }} '''Wiktor Skworc''' (born 19 May 1948)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Archidiecezja Katowicka - Abp senior Wiktor Skworc|url=https://archidiecezjakatowicka.pl/biskupi/abp-senior-wiktor-skworc|access-date=2024-08-01|website=archidiecezjakatowicka.pl|archive-date=2024-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801155016/https://archidiecezjakatowicka.pl/biskupi/abp-senior-wiktor-skworc|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a Polish [[Roman Catholic]] [[Archbishop]]. He is the Archbishop of [[Archdiocese of Katowice|Katowice]]. == Early life == Wiktor Skworc was born on 19 May 1948 in [[Bielszowice]], [[Poland]]. He became a [[priest]] on 19 April 1973.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=SKWORC Wiktor (1997-2011)|url=https://diecezja.tarnow.pl/index.php/biskupi|access-date=2024-08-01|website=diecezja.tarnow.pl|language=pl-pl|archive-date=2024-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804051518/https://diecezja.tarnow.pl/index.php/biskupi|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Career == In 1998, Pope [[John Paul II]] made him the [[Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Tarnów|Tarnów]]. In 2011, he became the Archbishop of Katowice.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Controversies == In 2002, Bishop Skworc handled a case involving a priest named Stanisław P. This priest was accused of [[Child sexual abuse|sexually abusing children]]. Bishop Skworc removed him from his position and sent him on leave. Later, he sent the priest to work in [[Ukraine]]. He did not inform the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] or the [[police]]. The priest abused more children in Ukraine. When he returned in 2008, Bishop Skworc gave him a job in [[Krynica-Zdrój]], where he worked with children again. In 2010, after more accusations, the bishop suspended (he could not perform his duties as a priest) the priest and banned him from working with children. In 2013, the Vatican found the priest guilty and [[Punishment|punished]] him. Bishop Skworc asked the [[Marek Jędraszewski|Archbishop of Kraków]] to investigate his actions. In 2021, the Vatican finished the investigation and found Bishop Skworc had made mistakes. He asked for a [[coadjutor bishop]] (an auxiliary [[bishop]] with the right to succeed him) and gave up some of his roles. Skworc resigned in May 2023. In December 2021, [[Pope Francis]] appointed [[Adrian Galbas]] as the coadjutor bishop.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=Abp. Wiktor Skworc pod lupą tarnowskiej prokuratury|url=https://www.rybnik.com.pl/wiadomosci,abp-wiktor-skworc-pod-lupa-tarnowskiej-prokuratury,wia5-3266-55691.html|access-date=2024-08-01|website=www.rybnik.com.pl|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abp Skworc wysłał księdza pedofila do Ukrainy. Watykan umył ręce|url=https://oko.press/wiktor-skworc-wyslal-ksiedza-pedofila-do-ukrainy-watykan-umyl-rece|access-date=2024-08-01|website=oko.press|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-15|title=Biskup wysłał księdza pedofila do Ukrainy. Wciąż nie został przesłuchany|url=https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/tylko-w-onecie/biskup-wyslal-seryjnego-pedofila-do-ukrainy-wciaz-nie-zostal-przesluchany/10m9657|access-date=2024-08-01|website=Onet Wiadomości|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2023-05-29|title=Tuszował pedofilię. Abp Skworc przeprosił wiernych w ostatnim liście|url=https://www.o2.pl/informacje/tuszowal-pedofilie-abp-skworc-przeprosil-wiernych-w-ostatnim-liscie-6903245431675616a|access-date=2024-08-01|website=o2.pl|language=pl}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://archidiecezjakatowicka.pl/ Archdiocese of Katowice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801092258/https://www.archidiecezjakatowicka.pl/ |date=2024-08-01 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Skworc, Wiktor}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Polish Roman Catholic bishops]] [[Category:Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals]] 0jz0bxt57matn7nkw8zgi9kvywilr7f 0 1137237 10882747 10651940 2026-06-09T23:51:57Z ~2026-34060-00 1819386 Changed the awful grammar on this page. 10882747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lowercase title}} {{Infobox information appliance | name = iPod Touch (4th generation) | logo = | image = [[File:4th Generation iPod touch.png|150px]] | caption = Front of the iPod Touch 4 in black | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | manufacturer = Foxconn | family = [[iPod]] | type = [[Mobile device]] | releasedate = {{Start date|2010|09|12}} (8, 32, and 64 GB)<br/>{{Start date|2011|10|12}} (White model)<br/>{{Start date|2012|10|11}} (16 GB) | lifespan = September 12, 2010 - May 30, 2013 | discontinued = {{end date and age|2012|10|11}} (8 and 64 GB)<br/>{{end date and age|2013|05|30}} (16 and 32 GB) | dimensions = {{convert|110|mm|in|abbr=on}} H <br /> {{convert|58|mm|in|abbr=on}} W <br /> {{convert|7.1|mm|in|abbr=on}} D | weight = {{convert|101|g|oz|abbr=on}} | os = '''Original:''' [[iOS 4#4.1|iOS 4.1]]<br/>[[iOS 5|iOS 5.0]] (White model)<br>'''Last:''' [[iOS 6|iOS 6.1.6]], released {{start date|2014|02|21}}<br>[[iOS 7|iOS 7.1.2]] (unofficial) | soc = [[Apple A4]] | cpu = ARM Cortex-A8 Apple A4 800 MHz | storage = 8, 16, 32 or 64&nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]] [[flash memory]] | memory = 256&nbsp;[[megabyte|MB]] [[dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]] | display = {{convert|3.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} diagonal (3:2 aspect ratio),<br /> multi-touch display,<br /> LED backlit TN TFT LCD,<br /> 960×640&nbsp;[[pixel|px]] at 326&nbsp;[[pixels per inch|PPI]]<br /> 800:1 contrast ratio (typical), 500&nbsp;cd/m² max. brightness (typical), [[Fingerprint]]-resistant [[Lipophobicity|oleophobic]] coating on front | graphics = PowerVR SGX535 GPU | sound = {{Plainlist| * Microphone * Built-in speaker }} | input = {{Plainlist| * [[Multi-touch]] [[touchscreen]] display * Volume buttons * Voice control * 3-axis [[gyroscope]] * 3-axis [[Accelerometer]] * Ambient Light Sensor }} | controllers = | camera = {{Plainlist| * '''Back:''' 0.7 MP back-side illuminated senso<br/>[[high-definition video|HD video recording]] [[720p]] up to 30 frames/s with audio<br/>[[F-number|Aperture]] f/2.4<br/>[[facial recognition system|Facial recognition]] (stills only) * '''Front:''' FaceTime camera with 0.3 [[megapixel|MP]] <br/> VGA up to 30 frames/s with audio }} | touchpad = | connectivity = {{Plainlist| * [[Wi-Fi]] 802.11b/g/n (802.11n 2.4 GHz) * Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR * 30-pin dock connector }} | service = [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]], [[iTunes Store]], [[iBookstore]], [[iCloud]], [[Apple Wallet|Passbook]], [[MobileMe]] | topgame = | compatibility = | predecessor = iPod Touch (3rd generation) | successor = [[iPod Touch (5th generation)]] | related = [[iPhone 4]] | website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914002935/http://www.apple.com/ipodtouch/ Apple - iPod touch - Video calls, HD video, Game Center, and more] at the [[Wayback Machine]] (archived September 14, 2010) }} The fourth generation of [[IPod touch|iPod Touch]] (known as '''iPod touch 4''', or '''iPod Touch 4G''') is a [[mobile device]] made and developed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Dumas|first=D.|title=Review: Apple iPod Touch 2010 4th Generation|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2010/09/ipod-touch-2010/|access-date=2025-04-19|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author1=Graham Barlow|date=2011-12-09|title=iPod touch 4th Generation review|url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/gadgets/ipods-and-portable-audio/ipod-and-mp3-players/ipod-touch-4th-generation-716177/review|access-date=2025-04-19|website=TechRadar|language=en}}</ref> It was released on the 12th of September 2010 and had many music playing capabilities. The latest version it can run without problems is [[IOS 6|iOS 6.1.6]], however jailbreaking tools were developed later that allowed it to run [[iOS 7]]. == Features == The iPod touch 4 has a 3.5 inch [[Liquid crystal display|LCD]] screen, [[Apple A4]] chipset, 256 megabytes of [[Random-access memory|RAM]], a 30-pin dock connector, 0.7MP back camera, 0.3MP VGA front camera, and a 930mAh battery.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Etherington|first=Darrell|date=2012-09-19|title=iOS 6 Is Now Available: Here's What Features Your iDevice Gets|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/19/ios-6-is-now-available-heres-what-features-your-idevice-gets/|access-date=2025-04-19|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-03-28|title=Apple iPod touch 4th generation specs|url=https://www.phonearena.com/phones/Apple-iPod-touch-4th-generation_id5384|access-date=2025-04-19|website=PhoneArena|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=iPod touch (4th generation) - Technical Specifications|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/112431|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Apple Support|language=en}}</ref> == Software == The iPod Touch 4 ran [[iOS 4]] when it came out. Later, people could upgrade to other versions like [[iOS 5]] and [[iOS 6]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Kevin|title=Apple's New iPhone Software, iOS 6, Is Available Now!|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ios-6-available-now-2012-9|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumparak|first=Greg|date=2011-10-12|title=Apple's iOS 5 Update Now Available For iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/12/apples-ios-5-update-now-available-for-iphone-ipad-and-ipod-touch/|access-date=2025-04-19|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *{{Commons-inline}} {{iPod}} [[Category:IPod]] [[Category:Apple products released in 2010s]] {{tech-stub}} mu4f30rip47gf14dx545yt3o17h5zjv 10882748 10882747 2026-06-09T23:54:02Z ~2026-34060-00 1819386 whoops forgot a "the", also forgot to mention other changes were made 10882748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lowercase title}} {{Infobox information appliance | name = iPod Touch (4th generation) | logo = | image = [[File:4th Generation iPod touch.png|150px]] | caption = Front of the iPod Touch 4 in black | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | manufacturer = Foxconn | family = [[iPod]] | type = [[Mobile device]] | releasedate = {{Start date|2010|09|12}} (8, 32, and 64 GB)<br/>{{Start date|2011|10|12}} (White model)<br/>{{Start date|2012|10|11}} (16 GB) | lifespan = September 12, 2010 - May 30, 2013 | discontinued = {{end date and age|2012|10|11}} (8 and 64 GB)<br/>{{end date and age|2013|05|30}} (16 and 32 GB) | dimensions = {{convert|110|mm|in|abbr=on}} H <br /> {{convert|58|mm|in|abbr=on}} W <br /> {{convert|7.1|mm|in|abbr=on}} D | weight = {{convert|101|g|oz|abbr=on}} | os = '''Original:''' [[iOS 4#4.1|iOS 4.1]]<br/>[[iOS 5|iOS 5.0]] (White model)<br>'''Last:''' [[iOS 6|iOS 6.1.6]], released {{start date|2014|02|21}}<br>[[iOS 7|iOS 7.1.2]] (unofficial) | soc = [[Apple A4]] | cpu = ARM Cortex-A8 Apple A4 800 MHz | storage = 8, 16, 32 or 64&nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]] [[flash memory]] | memory = 256&nbsp;[[megabyte|MB]] [[dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]] | display = {{convert|3.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} diagonal (3:2 aspect ratio),<br /> multi-touch display,<br /> LED backlit TN TFT LCD,<br /> 960×640&nbsp;[[pixel|px]] at 326&nbsp;[[pixels per inch|PPI]]<br /> 800:1 contrast ratio (typical), 500&nbsp;cd/m² max. brightness (typical), [[Fingerprint]]-resistant [[Lipophobicity|oleophobic]] coating on front | graphics = PowerVR SGX535 GPU | sound = {{Plainlist| * Microphone * Built-in speaker }} | input = {{Plainlist| * [[Multi-touch]] [[touchscreen]] display * Volume buttons * Voice control * 3-axis [[gyroscope]] * 3-axis [[Accelerometer]] * Ambient Light Sensor }} | controllers = | camera = {{Plainlist| * '''Back:''' 0.7 MP back-side illuminated senso<br/>[[high-definition video|HD video recording]] [[720p]] up to 30 frames/s with audio<br/>[[F-number|Aperture]] f/2.4<br/>[[facial recognition system|Facial recognition]] (stills only) * '''Front:''' FaceTime camera with 0.3 [[megapixel|MP]] <br/> VGA up to 30 frames/s with audio }} | touchpad = | connectivity = {{Plainlist| * [[Wi-Fi]] 802.11b/g/n (802.11n 2.4 GHz) * Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR * 30-pin dock connector }} | service = [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]], [[iTunes Store]], [[iBookstore]], [[iCloud]], [[Apple Wallet|Passbook]], [[MobileMe]] | topgame = | compatibility = | predecessor = iPod Touch (3rd generation) | successor = [[iPod Touch (5th generation)]] | related = [[iPhone 4]] | website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914002935/http://www.apple.com/ipodtouch/ Apple - iPod touch - Video calls, HD video, Game Center, and more] at the [[Wayback Machine]] (archived September 14, 2010) }} The fourth generation of the [[IPod touch|iPod Touch]] (known as '''iPod touch 4''', or '''iPod Touch 4G''') was a [[mobile device]] made and developed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Dumas|first=D.|title=Review: Apple iPod Touch 2010 4th Generation|language=en-US|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2010/09/ipod-touch-2010/|access-date=2025-04-19|issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author1=Graham Barlow|date=2011-12-09|title=iPod touch 4th Generation review|url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/gadgets/ipods-and-portable-audio/ipod-and-mp3-players/ipod-touch-4th-generation-716177/review|access-date=2025-04-19|website=TechRadar|language=en}}</ref> It was released on the 12th of September 2010 and had many music playing capabilities. The latest version it can run without problems is [[IOS 6|iOS 6.1.6]], however jailbreaking tools were developed later that allowed it to run [[iOS 7]]. == Features == The iPod touch 4 has a 3.5 inch [[Liquid crystal display|LCD]] screen, [[Apple A4]] chipset, 256 megabytes of [[Random-access memory|RAM]], a 30-pin dock connector, 0.7MP back camera, 0.3MP VGA front camera, and a 930mAh battery.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Etherington|first=Darrell|date=2012-09-19|title=iOS 6 Is Now Available: Here's What Features Your iDevice Gets|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/19/ios-6-is-now-available-heres-what-features-your-idevice-gets/|access-date=2025-04-19|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-03-28|title=Apple iPod touch 4th generation specs|url=https://www.phonearena.com/phones/Apple-iPod-touch-4th-generation_id5384|access-date=2025-04-19|website=PhoneArena|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=iPod touch (4th generation) - Technical Specifications|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/112431|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Apple Support|language=en}}</ref> == Software == The iPod Touch 4 ran [[iOS 4]] when it came out. Later, people could upgrade to other versions like [[iOS 5]] and [[iOS 6]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Kevin|title=Apple's New iPhone Software, iOS 6, Is Available Now!|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ios-6-available-now-2012-9|access-date=2025-04-19|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumparak|first=Greg|date=2011-10-12|title=Apple's iOS 5 Update Now Available For iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/12/apples-ios-5-update-now-available-for-iphone-ipad-and-ipod-touch/|access-date=2025-04-19|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == *{{Commons-inline}} {{iPod}} [[Category:IPod]] [[Category:Apple products released in 2010s]] {{tech-stub}} oofcwkinuxpoqbmngwrwc0wynxwyu70 0 1141035 10883022 10839990 2026-06-10T09:28:10Z ~2026-33995-10 1819536 /* Filmography */ 10883022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{copyedit|date=August 2025}} {{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}} {{Infobox person | name = Supreme Sundar | birth_name = Somasundaram | image = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|6|1|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India | occupation = Action choreographer, stunt coordinator | years_active = 1993–present }} '''Supreme Sundar''' is an Indian action [[Choreography|choreographer]] working in the Indian film industry. He won the ''National Film Award for Best Stunt Choreography'' for the film ''Ayyappanum Koshiyum'' (2020).<ref name="IE">{{Cite news|title=Supreme Sundar joins Suriya 42|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/Dec/20/supreme-sundar-joins-suriya-42-37930.html|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Jallikattu fame stunt choreographer Supreme Sundar makes his Kannada debut|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jallikattu-fame-stunt-choreographer-supreme-sundar-makes-his-kannada-debut/articleshow/79810269.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> He made his debut as an action choreographer with ''Aanai'' (2005), directed by Selva. His notable works include ''Chennai 600028'' (2007), ''Goli Soda'' (2014), ''Jallikattu'' (2019), ''Ayyappanum Koshiyum'' (2020), ''Minnal Murali'' (2021), ''Thunivu'' (2023), ''Kanguva'' (2024), and ''Good Bad Ugly'' (2025). He is also known for his action choreography in ''[[Animal (2023 movie)|Animal]]'' (2023),<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ranbir-Bobby's shirtless fight sequence shot at minus 8 degrees: Supreme Sundar|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/ranbir-kapoor-bobby-deols-shirtless-fight-sequence-in-animal-shot-at-minus-8-degree-supreme-sundar-2468139-2023-11-27|website=India Today}}</ref> which received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Action Choreography.<ref name="FF">{{Cite news|title=Best Action Nominee|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2024/nominations/best-action/supreme-sundar|website=Filmfare}}</ref> His other notable works include ''Thunivu'',<ref>{{Cite news|title=Supreme Sundar reveals that an action sequence from 'Thunivu' was shot in 32 seconds|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/supreme-sundar-reveals-that-an-action-sequence-from-thunivu-was-shot-in-32-seconds/articleshow/96497697.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> ''Bheeshma Parvam'',<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bheeshma Parvam teaser features Mammootty as a fierce Michael|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/watch-bheeshma-parvam-teaser-features-mammootty-fierce-michael-160885|website=The News Minute}}</ref> ''Kannur Squad'',<ref>{{Cite news|title=Meet George Martin; Mammootty's 'Kannur Squad' gearing up for release|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/meet-george-martin-mammoottys-kannur-squad-gearing-up-for-release/articleshow/103775941.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref> and ''Thallumaala''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=FC Disruptors: Supreme Sundar|url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-disruptors-2022/fc-disruptors-supreme-sundar|website=Film Companion}}</ref> He received the Best Stunt Director award from Star Vijay for ''Goli Soda'' in 2014 and also won the Best Stunt award from Behindwoods for the same film. Supreme Sundar is the grandson of fight master Stunt Somu, regarded as one of the earliest action directors in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/uthama-puthran-1958/article4276441.ece|title=Uthama Puthran (1958)|date=5 January 2013|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> His father, Junior Somu, and his elder brother, Action Prakash, are also action directors. He belongs to a family with multiple generations of stunt professionals in Tamil cinema. == Career == After finishing school education, Sundar started his career as a video camera man in 1985. Then he moved to Square D Grenade, a software company. In 1993, He got membership card for stuntmen union and joined an extra fighter to Rambo Rajkumar at ''Amaidhi Padai'' (1994). Then he worked more than 500 movies as an extra fighter and assistant fight master. In 2006, director Selva gave him an opportunity for his film ''aanai''. Then he is working as a full-length action choreographer for several movies in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and [[Hindi]]. He has noted in films such as ''Chennai 600028'' (2007), ''Goli soda'' (2014), ''Jallikattu'' (2019), ''Ayyappanum Koshiyum'' (2020), ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' (2021), ''Thunivu'' (2023), ''[[Animal (2023 film)|Animal]]'' (2023). In 2014, he got recognition for movie goli soda directed by Vijay Milton.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/fizz-on-the-streets/article5664539.ece|title=Fizz on the streets|date=2014-02-07|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-03-06}}</ref> His recent movie is ''Good bad ugly'' in Tamil and ''[[Animal (2023 film)|Animal]]'' in Hindi. His upcoming movie is ''Parasakthi (2026 film)''. ==Filmography== He has worked as Action Choreographer in over 30 movies. * Animal (2023 Indian film) * Good Bad Ugly * Ayyappanum Koshiyum * Bheeshma Parvam * Thunivu * Kannur Squad * Thallumaala * Kanguva * Vidaamyurachi ==Personal life== Sundar is a grandson of [[kollywood]]’s first fight master stunt somu. His grandfather’s famous works are ''aayiram thalai vangiya apporva sindhamani'' (1947), ''[[Chandralekha]]''(1948), ''Manthiri Kumari'' (1950), ''Pathala Bhairavi''(1951), ''Gulebakavali''(1955), ''Veerapandiya Kattabomman'' (1959), ''karnan''(1964). His father is also worked in Tamil movies as a fight masters. He has two siblings. Elder brother action prakash is also a full length fight master; his notable works are ''Rajavin Parvaiyile'' (1995), ''Chithiram Pesuthadi'' (2006), ''Yuddham Sei''(2011), ''[[ Mugamoodi]]''(2012) and ''Maryan''(2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/yudham-sei-tamil-movie-preview-12110.html|title=Yudham Sei Tamil Movie Preview cinema review stills gallery trailer video clips showtimes|website=IndiaGlitz|access-date=2016-03-06|archive-date=2017-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330153219/http://www.indiaglitz.com/yudham-sei-tamil-movie-preview-12110.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sundar married vannamayil and they have a daughter name Ruhika doing her schooling. == Awards == * Won ''National Film Award'' for Best Stunt Choreography, 2020. <ref name="IE"/> * Nomination for Best Action Choreography in [[Filmfare Awards]], 2024. <ref name="FF"/> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb name|id=nm9688543}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sundar, Supreme}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian action choreographers]] [[Category:1970 births]] 0p3ulwblailct3pqzs9k6huzddzfcxx 0 1141082 10882494 9821922 2026-06-09T17:42:16Z MourningRainfall 86802 10882494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = Calgary Flames at Seattle Kraken - November 20, 2023 - Kailer Yamamoto (53346626210).jpg | image_size = | caption = Yamamoto during his time with the Kraken on November 20, 2023 | position = [[Winger (ice hockey)|Right wing]] | shoots = Left | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1994|8|11}} | birth_place = [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]] | death_date = | death_place = | height_ft = 5 | height_in = 8 | weight_lb = 155 | team = [[Utah Mammoth]] | former_teams = [[Edmonton Oilers]]<br>[[Seattle Kraken]] | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | ntl_team = | draft = 22nd overall | draft_year = 2017 | draft_team = [[Edmonton Oilers]] | career_start = 2017 | career_end = }} '''Kailer Yamamoto''' (born September 29, 1998) is an American professional [[ice hockey]] [[Winger (ice hockey)|right winger]]. He currently plays for the [[Utah Mammoth]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He has also played for the [[Edmonton Oilers]] and [[Seattle Kraken]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Yamamoto played parts of 3 seasons with the [[Spokane Chiefs]] of the [[Western Hockey League]] (WHL). During his time with the Chiefs, Yamamoto would be named to the Western Conference Second All-Star Team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chl.ca/whl-chiefs/helewka-and-yamamoto-earn-league-honors/|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Helewka and Yamamoto Earn League Honors|publisher=[[Spokane Chiefs]]}}</ref> On October 31, 2016, Yamamoto was named the Player of the Week in the WHL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chl.ca/whl/article/chiefs-forward-kailer-yamamoto-named-whl-player-of-the-week/|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Chiefs’ forward Kailer Yamamoto named WHL Player of the Week|publisher=[[Western Hockey League]]}}</ref> He was drafted 22nd overall by the [[Edmonton Oilers]] in the [[2017 NHL Entry Draft]]. On October 4, 2017, Yamamoto made his NHL debut in a 3–0 win against the rival [[Calgary Flames]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edmontonjournal.com/sports/hockey/nhl/edmonton-oilers/edmonton-oilers-kailer-yamamoto-first-nhl-game|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Oilers: First-round pick Kailer Yamamoto shines in his first NHL game|publisher=[[Edmonton Journal]]}}</ref> On October 18, 2018, Yamamoto scored his first NHL goal in a 3–2 overtime win against the [[Boston Bruins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap?gameId=401044415|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Leon Draisiatl scores in overtime, Oilers beat Bruins 3-2|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Yamamoto would sign a two-year, $3.1 million per year contract to stay with the Oilers on August 4, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edmontonsun.com/sports/hockey/nhl/edmonton-oilers/edmonton-oilers-sign-kailer-yamamoto-to-two-year-extension|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Edmonton Oilers sign Kailer Yamamoto to two-year extension|publisher=[[Edmonton Sun]]}}</ref> On June 29, 2023, the Oilers traded Yamamoto along with [[Klim Kostin]] to the [[Detroit Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/oilers-trade-yamamoto-kostin-to-red-wings-for-future-considerations/|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Oilers trade Yamamoto, Kostin to Red Wings for future considerations|publisher=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref> He would not play for them as the Red Wings would buy out his contract after putting him on waivers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/nhl/red-wings/2023/06/30/detroit-red-wings-buy-out-kailer-yamamoto-nhl-trade-edmonton-oilers/70373301007/|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Detroit Red Wings' Steve Yzerman decides what to do with Kailer Yamamoto: Buy him out|publisher=Detroit Free Press}}</ref> On July 2, Yamamoto signed a one-year, $1.5 million to join the [[Seattle Kraken]]. By doing this, he became the first in-state player in the team's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2023/jul/02/spokanes-kailer-yamamoto-bought-out-by-red-wings-s/|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Spokane’s Kailer Yamamoto signs with Seattle Kraken, becomes franchise’s first in-state player|publisher=[[The Spokesman-Review]]}}</ref> On October 6, 2024, Yamamoto signed a 1-year, 2-way contract to join the [[Utah Hockey Club]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/kailer-yamamoto-signs-1-year-contract-with-utah|accessdate=October 8, 2024|title=Yamamoto signs 1-year, 2-way contract with Utah Hockey Club|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{US-sports-bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yamamoto, Kailer}} [[Category:1998 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American ice hockey right wingers]] [[Category:Bakersfield Condors players]] [[Category:Edmonton Oilers players]] [[Category:Seattle Kraken players]] [[Category:Spokane Chiefs players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington]] [[Category:Utah Hockey Club players]] 72w73kield3vdw5cr2tgunl9g6r0i0v 2 1146496 10882474 10826324 2026-06-09T17:19:42Z Oddyddn2070 1495229 Updateda 10882474 wikitext text/x-wiki Planned to create new articles or replacing redirects with actual articles including the status. Here's articles or redirects that should be replaced with actual articles status Icon list: {| class="wikitable" ! Icon !! Text !Means |- ! [[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] | Completed |Article fully published and finished |- ![[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] |Quick completed |Article fully published and finished quickly |- ! 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sandbox spaces) #Jovana Rapport ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[HTC One X]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Kingdom Arena ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[LG G4]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Sergej Milinković-Savić]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Nokia Lumia 800]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Nokia N79 ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #HTC One (M8) ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #HTC One (M7) ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[HTC One M9]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Sony Xperia Go ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Salman Al-Faraj]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Saudi Flag Day]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[iPad (10th generation)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #Samsung Galaxy A56 5G ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Nexus 5X ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Aymeric Laporte]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Apple Vision Pro]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Mrwhosetheboss]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Samsung TV Plus]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Sony Ericsson W880i]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Samsung Galaxy A5 (2016)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Vivo]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/2024–25 Liverpool F.C. season|2024–25 Liverpool F.C. season]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[VisionOS|Vision OS]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #BBC Television ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[LG G6]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Oppo F9|Oppo F9]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Saudi National Bank|Saudi National Bank]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Samsung Galaxy Note 5]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Vivo Y30|Vivo Y30]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Surface Laptop SE|Surface Laptop SE]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Surface Book 3|Surface Book 3]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Surface Hub 3|Surface Hub 3]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Sony Xperia 1 IV|Sony Xperia 1 IV]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Hyundai Kona]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[iPad Pro (7th generation)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Huawei P8]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Oppo Find X6|Oppo Find X6]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Microsoft Lumia 950 XL|Microsoft Lumia 950 XL]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In Progress) #[[Redmi Note 8]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Tesla Model 3]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Nexus 6P]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Surface Laptop 5]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Abdul Majeed Abdullah ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Toyota Land Cruiser]] 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spaces) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Great Wall Motor|Great Wall Motor]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Al-Fayha FC]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Surface Pro 9|Surface Pro 9]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[iPad Air (6th generation)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Riyadh Season ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Windows XP editions ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Android Go]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #2024–25 Al-Fayha FC season ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Talisca ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Windows 10 Editions ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Sudairi Seven ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[iPod Touch (7th generation)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) 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#Mohammed Al-Rubaie ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Apple Intelligence]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #Honor 10 ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Marcos Leonardo ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Mohammed Al-Owais ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Liquid Glass]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #Michael Richard ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Ar Rass]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Nokia 8.3 5G ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #LG G8 ThinQ ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Realme C3 ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #King Saud University Stadium ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Xiaomi HyperOS ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #Ali Al-Amri ([[File:Sandbox_Not.svg|25x25px]] No sandbox spaces) #[[Samsung Galaxy Young]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Samsung Galaxy A17]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Lightning (connector)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[AI slop]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Fabián Ruiz]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Huawei P9]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Alarm clock]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #Honor (company) ([[File:Red_clock.png|24x24px]] Delayed) #[[Apple M5]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Huawei P40]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Huawei Mate 30]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[OnePlus One]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Désiré Doué]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[iPad (11th generation)]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[EA Sports FC 26]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/iPad (9th generation)|iPad (9th generation)]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) ([[IPad (9th generation)|Redirect]]) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Alejandro Garnacho|Alejandro Garnacho]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/James Trafford|James Trafford]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Samsung Galaxy Tab S4]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Morgan Amalfitano|Morgan Amalfitano]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #OnePlus 7 ([[File:Red_clock.png|24x24px]] Delayed) #Hervé Renard ([[File:Red_clock.png|24x24px]] Delayed) #[[Qualcomm Snapdragon]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #iPad Pro (M5) ([[File:Red_clock.png|24x24px]] Delayed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Unai Simón|Unai Simón]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Apple A16]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Front-facing camera]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[Face ID]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[HTC Dream]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Kevin Gameiro|Kevin Gameiro]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Clément Lenglet|Clément Lenglet]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Pixel 3a]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Saudi Central Bank]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[Saudi Vision 2030]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/iPad Mini (A17 Pro)|iPad Mini (A17 Pro)]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Huawei Mate 50]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[eSIM]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Emirate of Riyadh|Emirate of Riyadh]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[Samsung Galaxy S26]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[iPhone 17e]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Quick completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/iPad Air 8th generation|iPad Air 8th generation]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[MacBook Neo]] ([[File:Eo_circle_green_checkmark.svg|25x25px]] Completed) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Huawei P10|Huawei P10]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Kik Messenger|Kik Messenger]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) #[[User:Oddyddn2070/iOS 27|iOS 27]] ([[File:Clock_icon_BLUE_V2-01.svg|27x27px]] In progress) '''<big>Canceled article</big>''' #[[Bad Apple!!]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) #[[Sony]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) #We Don't Talk Anymore (Charlie Puth song) ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) #[[Apple A15]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) #[[Pixel (1st generation)]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) #[[Oppo Find X3]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) '''<big>Canceled deleted article</big>''' #[[Nokia Lumia 1320]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) #[[Nokia 9 PureView]] ([[File:Cross_red_circle.svg|25x25px]] Canceled) === Planned article other than date === #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Windows 12|Windows 12]] (After fully announced or released) #iPadOS 27 (After WWDC26) #MacOS 26 (After WWDC26) ===Categories=== '''<big>Articles categories</big>''' #[[:Category:Al Hilal SFC players]] #[[:Category:Al Nassr FC players]] #[[:Category:Huawei mobile phones]] #[[:Category:UEFA Euro 2024 players]] #[[:Category:Meta Platforms applications]] #[[:Category:Mobile phones with 8K video recording]] #[[:Category:Mobile payments]] #[[:Category:Samsung software]] #[[:Category:iPadOS]] #[[:Category:Al Hilal SFC managers]] #[[:Category:Al Hilal SFC]] #[[:Category:Mobile phones introduced in 2015]] #[[:Category:HTC mobile phones]] #[[:Category:Tesla automobiles]] #[[:Category:Mobile phones introduced in 2025]] #[[:Category:Footballers from Jeddah]] #[[:Category:Motorola mobile phones]] '''<big>Wikipedia categories</big>''' #[[:Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2025]] #[[:Category:Articles lacking sources from January 2025]] #[[:Category:Pages with too many red links from January 2025]] #[[:Category:Articles lacking sources from April 2025]] #[[:Category:Clean-up categories from April 2025]] #[[:Category:Pages in need of copyedit from April 2025]] #[[:Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2025]] #[[:Category:Articles lacking sources from May 2025]] #[[:Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2025]] #[[:Category:Pages in need of copyedit from May 2025]] #[[:Category:Pages needing to be simplified from May 2025]] #[[:Category:Pages needing cleanup from May 2025]] #[[:Category:Wikipedia references cleanup from December 2025]] #[[:Category:Pages needing to be simplified from February 2026]] ===Userboxes=== #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Saudi Arabia|User in Saudi Arabia]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Al Hilal Fans|User supports Al Hilal SFC]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/User Huawei|User Huawei]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/United Arab Emirates|User in United Arab Emirates]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Brazil|User in Brazil]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/Android|User editing on Android]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/User iOS|User editing on iOS]] #[[User:Oddyddn2070/User ChatGPT|User using ChatGPT]] === Templates === *[[Template:iPod]] crolv0tnczqpi23cbu5ossynx55dnia 3 1152653 10882442 10882083 2026-06-09T16:22:36Z Divinations 1530422 /* Patroler */ Reply 10882442 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) gn1e1iyks9gi81a73vvrf7k5xuy5nz0 10882553 10882442 2026-06-09T19:32:50Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 10882553 wikitext text/x-wiki --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34128-74|&#126;2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34128-74|talk]]) 19:32, 9 June 2026 (UTC)f ck fck fu ck == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == P eenis == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) t2l4t9ftdqhrdrcoj8y2qy2r0xnx1es 10882554 10882553 2026-06-09T19:33:00Z NDG 1452189 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by Divinations: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10882442 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) gn1e1iyks9gi81a73vvrf7k5xuy5nz0 10882556 10882554 2026-06-09T19:34:20Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 F uck 10882556 wikitext text/x-wiki --[[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34128-74|&#126;2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34128-74|talk]]) 19:32, 9 June 2026 (UTC)f ck fck fu ck == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == P eenis == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) t2l4t9ftdqhrdrcoj8y2qy2r0xnx1es 10882557 10882556 2026-06-09T19:34:54Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by NDG: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10882442 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) gn1e1iyks9gi81a73vvrf7k5xuy5nz0 10882574 10882557 2026-06-09T19:40:22Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 10882574 wikitext text/x-wiki == co ck4 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) sto3a55kq33yrlcolm82fro7hxv5zzz 10882575 10882574 2026-06-09T19:40:28Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by Divinations 10882442 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) gn1e1iyks9gi81a73vvrf7k5xuy5nz0 10882576 10882575 2026-06-09T19:40:58Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 /* co ck4 */ butt 10882576 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Buttstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) smkase8fqnm3qpa1i2cq25x36jcxwwb 10882577 10882576 2026-06-09T19:41:05Z NDG 1452189 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by Divinations 10882442 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) gn1e1iyks9gi81a73vvrf7k5xuy5nz0 10882578 10882577 2026-06-09T19:41:22Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 /* Anti-vandalism Buttstar */ a rse 10882578 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-tarseop: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) qdbvmfccomgteppukt6lw9ewhfcvszj 10882580 10882578 2026-06-09T19:43:08Z NDG 1452189 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by NDG 10882442 wikitext text/x-wiki == December 2024 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Tres Libras. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> ''Make sure to use the warnings 1-4 (4im is for more serious cases) before requesting a block.'' ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 20:34, 2 December 2024 (UTC) == Protection == Hello. Based on what's happening with your talk page, you may want to consider temporary semi-protection. ''[[User:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="font-family:Georgia, Helvetica; color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]]'' 16:20, 10 December 2024 (UTC) ::[[User:Asteralee|Asteralee]]: where can I request that? [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 20:38, 19 December 2024 (UTC) :::[[WP:AN]]. [[User:Depextual|Depextual]] ([[User talk:Depextual|talk]]) 20:40, 19 December 2024 (UTC) == Anti-vandalism Barnstar == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;" |rowspan="2" valign="middle" | [[Image:Barnstar of Reversion Hires.png|100px]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;" | '''The Anti-Vandalism Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;" | This barnstar is given for your hard work in fighting vandalism throughout the project. Your calm attitude and dedication during unexpected attacks is precisely what Wikipedia looks for in its anti-vandalism team. Thank you for your continued efforts on Christmas Day to ensure that Wikipedia remains a welcoming and reliable place for all. [[User:Griffinofwales|Griff]] ([[User talk:Griffinofwales|talk]]) 18:24, 25 December 2024 (UTC) |} :@[[User:Griffinofwales|Griffinofwales]]: Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 18:54, 25 December 2024 (UTC) == Rollback == I have granted your rollback permission request. Please remember to use it only on clear cases of vandalism, if you should have any questions please consider another form of revert. -- [[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] ([[User talk:Enfcer|talk]]) 19:38, 24 April 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Enfcer|Enfcer]] Thank you! [[User:Jet Pilot|Jet Pilot]] ([[User talk:Jet Pilot#top|talk]]) 19:42, 24 April 2025 (UTC) == Patroler == Have you concided requesting the patroller right? While mostly for content creators it can also aid the vandal patroller who often create new pages when talking to violators. These would be auto patrolled. Think about it. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 05:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]]: if that would help reduce the patrollers' workload, then I'm all for it. As for encyclopedic content, I also like creating articles here on Simple, though I don't do it very often. Regards, [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations#top|talk]]) 16:22, 9 June 2026 (UTC) gn1e1iyks9gi81a73vvrf7k5xuy5nz0 0 1153822 10883019 10450903 2026-06-10T09:26:58Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nawab Kapur Singh.png|thumb|Nawab Kapur Singh]] '''Nawab Kapur Singh''' (1697 – 9 October 1753) was a prominent [[Sikh]] leader who played an important role in the development of the Sikh community in the early 18th century. He led the [[Sikhs]] during a period of significant challenges. Kapur Singh is most famous for organizing the [[Sikh Confederacy]] and leading its strong military group, the [[Dal Khalsa]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=71}}</ref> ==Early life== Kapur Singh was born in 1697 in the village of Faizullahpur, near [[Amritsar]]. In 1721, he and his father Dalip Singh, along with his brother Dan Singh, converted to Sikhism by taking the pahul ceremony from Bhai Mani Singh. They were members of the Virk Jat community. Kapur Singh became a Sikh during a period when the community was under severe persecution. Despite these challenges, he remained hopeful and had strong faith in the future of the Khalsa. Zakariya Khan, the viceroy of Punjab from 1726 to 1745, initially tried to suppress the Sikhs with harsh measures. However, this approach failed, and he shifted to a policy of peace. As part of this change, Zakariya Khan offered the Sikhs a jagir, which included Chak Guru (Amritsar) and 12 villages. He sent Subeg Singh, a Sikh who spoke [[Persian language|Persian]], to deliver the offer. Subeg Singh suggested adding gifts and honors to the proposal, which Zakariya Khan agreed to. As a result, Kapur Singh was given the title of Nawab, along with a robe of honor and a bag of gold coins.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=71}}</ref> ==Kapur Singh Becomes Nawab== In 1733, Zakariya Khan, the Mughal governor of Punjab, tried to make peace with the Sikhs. He sent Subeg Singh, a trusted officer, to offer them a jagir, a title, and gifts. The Sikhs, led by Darbara Singh, were initially hesitant to accept the offer. Darbara Singh rejected the proposal outright, but the Sangat, a gathering of Sikh leaders, persuaded Kapur Singh to accept the offer. Kapur Singh was given the title of Nawab, along with a khilat, a bag of gold, and a jagir. The jagir included the lands of Dipalpur, Kanganwal, and Jhabal, with a combined revenue of one lakh rupees. Kapur Singh was also exempted from attending the court or capital of the Mughals Once they accepted the offer, the Sikhs were able to settle peacefully in their sacred city, Amritsar. After years of constant struggle and warfare against the Mughal forces, they finally found a period of rest and tranquility.<ref>{{cite book|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol II Evolution of Sikh Confederacies|publisher=Munshilal Manohorlal, Pvt Ltd|author=Hari Ram Gupta|page=46}}</ref> ===Division of the Khalsa and Confiscation of the Jagir=== In 1733, the Sikhs settled in Amritsar, near the holy temple and tank, after accepting an offer from the Mughal governor. Nawab Kapur Singh was put in charge of managing the langar, stores, and stables for the horses, which was a difficult task given the large number of people and animals to feed. While there was enough grain and pulses, supplies like milk, ghee, and meat were sometimes scarce. Darbara Singh, responsible for maintaining order, died in 1734, leaving Kapur Singh to shoulder the leadership. This led to dissatisfaction among the younger Sikhs, who complained about the unfair distribution of food and supplies. The conflict grew due to a generational divide, with the younger Sikhs, feeling free from the control of their elders, clashing with the older leaders. To resolve the issue, Kapur Singh divided the Sikhs into two groups: the Budha Dal for the older members and the Taruna Dal for the younger ones. Each group was further divided into five sub-groups, each with its own leader, derah, and resources. The younger Sikhs grew frustrated with their life of dependency and some engaged in illegal activities, causing tensions with the Mughal government. In response, Zakariya Khan, the Mughal governor, suggested that the young Sikhs join the Mughal army, but Kapur Singh declined. Zakariya Khan then proposed that the Sikhs become peaceful farmers in exchange for tax exemptions, but Kapur Singh did not agree. As a result, by the end of 1735, Zakariya Khan confiscated the jagir given to the Sikhs.<ref>{{cite book|title=History Of The Sikhs Vol II Evolution of Sikh Confederacies|publisher=Munshilal Manohorlal, Pvt Ltd|author=Hari Ram Gupta|page=47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=72}}</ref> ==Nadir Shah's Invasion of India== Nadir Shah's invasion of India in 1739 had a devastating impact on the region. He was in Punjab and Delhi for five months, from January to May, during which time the administrative machinery collapsed. Cities like Wazirabad, Eminabad, and Gujrat were reduced to ashes, and big villages were also destroyed. The situation was chaotic, with every person taking advantage of the situation to plunder and pillage. Thousands of robbers roamed the public roads, making it difficult for people to travel safely. Shaikh Ali Hazin, who was traveling from Lahore to Sarhind at the time, described the province as being in "complete revolution". Kapur Singh, the leader of the Sikhs, saw an opportunity to gather booty and punish their enemies. He organized small parties of Sikhs to block roads and pathways, and they plundered large parts of the country. They even built a small fort at Dallewal to store their booty. The Sikhs also targeted individuals who had informed the government about their whereabouts. Kapur Singh kept himself engaged in organizing these small parties of Sikhs, who were determined to take advantage of the chaotic situation.<ref name="Hari Ram Gupta">{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd}}</ref> After Nadir Shah left, Zakariya Khan took control of Punjab, only to find the region in ruins. He immediately targeted the Sikhs, destroying their fort at Dallewal and executing many of them at Shahid Ganj. As a result, the Sikhs were forced to flee Punjab and move to Malwa. According to Ratan Singh Bhangu, the Sikhs from the Majha area were pushed out by the Brars. In the Sarhind region, the Sikhs took over several villages, placing them under the leadership of Daranat Shah. Emperor Muhammad Shah intervened by sending Azim-ud-Din Khan to deal with the Sikhs. Despite this, the Sikhs were forced to retreat into the Lakhi Jungle. Zakariya Khan's rule ended with his death on July 1, 1745. After his death, weak leaders like Abdullah, Yahiya Khan, and Shahnawaz took over. During this period, many young Jats from the Majha region were drawn to Sikhism, seeking a better life free from the hardships of farming. Kapur Singh, a Sikh leader, organized these new recruits into 25 bands, each with about 100 young men led by a commander. These bands united under their shared faith and common goals, forming a confederation for defense and offensive actions.<ref name="Hari Ram Gupta">{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=74}}</ref> ==Foundation of the Dal Khalsa== Kapur Singh recognized that the situation was urgent. He thought [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], despite his previous defeat, would likely attack again. This was because Durrani needed money to solidify his control in Afghanistan, where the people were very poor, and so he would need to invade India to get the funds. Kapur Singh also realized that the [[Mughal Empire]] was weak, a fact he had observed when he was in Delhi under Nadir Shah. Moreover, he knew that Muin-ul-Mulk was known for his strict and harsh rule. To safeguard the Sikhs from these threats, Kapur Singh decided it was necessary to unite his people under a strong and younger leader. On March 29, 1748, Sikh leaders met in Amritsar and formed the Dal Khalsa, which was divided into eleven misls (groups), each led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. The misls were then split into two main divisions: the Budha Dal and the Taruna Dal. The Budha Dal included six misls: Ahluwalia, Dallewalia, Faizullahpuria, Karora Singhia, Nishanwala, and Shahid. The Taruna Dal had five misls: Bhangi, Kanhiya, Nakai, Ramgarhia, and Sukarchakia.<ref name="Hari Ram Gupta">{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=75}}</ref> ==Founder of the Singhpuria Misl== Kapur Singh was one of the eleven leaders of the Sikh misls. He came from the village of Faizullahpur, which led to his nickname Faizullahpuria. Later, he renamed his misl to Singhpuria. During Ahmad Shah Durrani's second invasion of India in 1749-1750, Kapur Singh saw an opportunity to strike at Lahore. Muin-ul-Mulk had moved his army to the Chenab River to stop the invader, leaving the capital unprotected. Kapur Singh, along with the Dal Khalsa led by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, attacked Lahore. The city was looted, and its surrounding areas were set on fire. Kapur Singh took control of the city, sitting on the Kotwali platform to manage its revenue. However, when Muin-ul-Mulk's army returned, Kapur Singh withdrew from Lahore. Over time, he gained control of several villages on both sides of the [[Sutlej]] River, which brought in two lakh rupees annually. Kapur Singh's force, consisting of 2,500 horsemen, was known for its courage, daring, and fierceness. According to Latif, this group was the most feared and formidable among all Sikh soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=76}}</ref> ==Death== Before his death, Kapur Singh entrusted the steel mace of Guru Gobind Singh to Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. This act symbolized Jassa Singh's leadership of the Khalsa and honored the wishes of Mata Sundari. Kapur Singh died in October 1753. His tomb is located near the Baba Atal temple in Amritsar, standing as a tribute to his contributions to the Sikh community.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Sikhs Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of the Sikh Misls |author=Hari Ram Gupta|date=October 2001 |isbn=81-215-0165-2|publisher=Munshilal Manoharlal Pvt.Ltd|page=75}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1697 births]] [[Category:1753 deaths]] [[Category:People from Punjab, India]] m0b8sbdodfra6vni15va61i0yi6fjup 0 1154596 10882388 10844557 2026-06-09T15:20:26Z Hhhhhrub 1819119 Add a photo of Brian Thompson 10882388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Brian Thompson | image = [[File:Brian Thompson.webp|thumb|Brian Thompson]] | birth_name = Brian Robert Thompson | birth_date = {{birth date|1974|7|10}} | birth_place = [[Ames, Iowa]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|12|4|1974|7|10}} | death_place = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. | death_cause = [[Killing of Brian Thompson|Gunshot wounds]] | education = [[University of Iowa]] ([[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]]) | title = CEO of [[UnitedHealthcare]] | term = 2021–2024 | spouse = Paulette Reveiz | children = 2 sons }} '''Brian Robert Thompson'''<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 17, 2024 |title=Q2 2024 Unitedhealth Group Inc Earnings Call |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/q2-2024-unitedhealth-group-inc-062105818.html |access-date=December 5, 2024 |via=[[Yahoo Finance]] |agency=Thomson Reuters StreetEvents}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tozzi |first1=John |last2=Miller |first2=Myles |date=December 4, 2024 |title=UnitedHealth Executive Fatally Shot in NYC, Sparking Manhunt |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-04/unitedhealthcare-ceo-brian-thompson-fatally-shot-in-manhattan |access-date=December 4, 2024 |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> (July{{nbsp}}10, 1974{{snd}}December{{nbsp}}4, 2024) was an American businessman. He was the [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) of [[UnitedHealth Group|UnitedHealthcare]] from April 2021 until [[Killing of Brian Thompson|his assassination]] in December 2024. == Biography == Brian Robert Thompson was born in [[Ames, Iowa]]. He studied at the [[University of Iowa]]. Thompson became manager at [[PwC]] in 1997. He worked there until 2004, when he then moved to UnitedHealth Group. During his time as CEO of UnitedHealth Group, there was an increase in insurance claims getting rejected.<ref name="Geller-2024">{{Cite news |last1=Geller |first1=Adam |last2=Murphy |first2=Tom |date=December 4, 2024 |title=UnitedHealthcare CEO kept a low public profile. Then he was shot to death in New York |url=https://apnews.com/article/united-healthcare-ceo-new-york-shooting-brian-thompson-8a130e64bcab749d1a085f5a34ab8254 |access-date=December 4, 2024 |work=AP News |language=en |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> In 2021 the [[American Hospital Association]] criticized Thompson for planning to deny insurance payment for non-critical visits to hospital emergency rooms.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Luhby |first1=Tami |last2=Duffy |first2=Clare |date=December 6, 2024 |title=Following killing of UnitedHealthcare CEO, stories flood social media of denied insurance claims |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/06/business/insurance-claim-denials-unitedhealthcare-ceo/index.html |access-date=December 6, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> In May 2024, the [[Hollywood, Florida]] Firefighters' Pension Fund sued Thompson and two UnitedHealth Group executives for possible fraud and [[insider trading]].<ref name="Towfighi-2024">{{Cite news |last1=Towfighi |first1=John |last2=Goldman |first2=David |date=December 4, 2024 |title=Who was Brian Thompson, the CEO of UnitedHealthcare fatally shot in Manhattan? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/04/business/who-was-brian-thompson/index.html |access-date=December 4, 2024 |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2024 |first1=John |last1=Tozzi |first2=Anders |last2=Melin |title=UnitedHealth chair, execs sold $102M in stock before DOJ probe became public |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/health-care/unitedhealth-chair-execs-sold-102m-stock-doj-probe-became-public |access-date=December 5, 2024 |website=Crain's New York Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Graig Graziosi |date=December 5, 2024 |title=UnitedHealthcare CEO gunned down in Manhattan sold company stocks just before DOJ probe made public |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/unitedhealthcare-ceo-brian-thompson-sold-stocks-b2659093.html |access-date=December 5, 2024 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=December 6, 2024 |title=Hollywood Firefighter Pension Lawsuit Alleges Insider Trading by United Health Execs, Including Slain CEO |url=https://www.ai-cio.com/news/hollwood-firefighter-pension-lawsuit-alleges-insider-trading-by-united-health-execs-including-slain-ceo/ |magazine=[[Chief Investment Officer Magazine]]}}</ref> UnitedHealthcare has denied the allegations and insisted its actions were in compliance with stage and federal laws. <ref>https://www.beckerspayer.com/legal/unitedhealth-asks-judge-to-toss-lawsuit-from-california-pension-fund/ </ref> == Assassination == On December 4, 2024, at night, Thompson was [[Killing of Brian Thompson|gunned down]] while walking outside his hotel in [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Katersky |first1=ByAaron |last2=Shapiro |first2=Emily |last3=Cohen |first3=Miles |date=4 December 2024 |title=UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson shot dead in Midtown Manhattan, masked gunman at large |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/man-shot-chest-midtown-manhattan-masked-gunman-large/story?id=116446382 |access-date=December 5, 2024 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref> He was 50 years old. [[Luigi Mangione]] has been indicted as the shooter. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Thompson, Brian}} [[Category:1974 births]] [[Category:2024 deaths]] [[Category:Assassinated American people]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in New York (state)]] [[Category:American chief executives]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Iowa]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Minnesota]] {{US-bio-stub}} qxmlvinsle818q5ei5smdvnscangrw3 2 1155770 10882849 10879824 2026-06-10T02:12:22Z CopyPatrolBot 1338164 773 open reports 10882849 wikitext text/x-wiki 773 2xby6qqx5aejgi0e8yjhw55zbmt5ho0 0 1160591 10882642 10791558 2026-06-09T20:57:50Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:Mexican people]]; added [[Category:People from Sonora]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Valentín Elizalde | birth_name = Valentín Elizalde Valencia | image = Valentín Elizalde in 2006.jpg | alias = ''El Gallo de Oro'' | caption = Elizalde in 2006 | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1979|2|1}} | birth_place = Jitonhueca, [[Sonora]], Mexico | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2006|11|25|1979|2|1}} | death_place = [[Reynosa]], [[Tamaulipas]], Mexico | occupation = Singer | years_active = 1998–2006 }} Valentín Elizalde Valencia (Spanish: [balenˈtin eliˈsalde βaˈlensja]; 1 February 1979 – 25 November 2006) was a regional [[Mestizo Mexicans|Mestizo-Mexican]] singer. Nicknamed "El Gallo de Oro" (The Golden Rooster), he was known for his off-key style. His biggest hits included: "Vete Ya," "Ebrio de Amor", and "Soy Así" (a cover of [[José José]]'s classic song). Some of his songs were narcocorridos eulogizing Mexican drug lords like Vicente Carrillo Fuentes. He also wrote lyrics honoring Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, leader of the Sinaloa Cartel. He was murdered as he left a performance; allegedly by members of the drug trafficking cartel Los Zetas. In 2007, following his passing, his albums were best-selling, even though none of them made it into the top 20 when he was alive. Elizalde was [[Posthumous name|posthumously]] nominated for a [[Grammy Award]] in 2007 for Best Banda Album. ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elizalde, Valentin}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:2006 deaths]] [[Category:Mexican singers]] [[Category:People from Sonora]] mlmolvm99tryzs2qkh15vu7fj9vtkqz 0 1161841 10882785 10865997 2026-06-10T00:47:38Z Freakydentist411 1787214 /* Plot */ 10882785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Diary of a Wimpy Kid logo.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_a_Wimpy_Kid#Films|thumb|The ''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'' logo.]] {{Copyedit}} '''Diary of a Wimpy Kid,''' is the first book of the "[[Diary of a Wimpy Kid]]" series. The book is about a boy named [[Greg Heffley]], a 6th-grade student who tries to become popular in his middle school. The diary relates his memories of events that happened during 6th grade, namely his experience with the "Cheese Touch" curse, a local myth in his class.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Full Book Summary {{!}} SparkNotes|url=https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/diary-of-a-wimpy-kid/summary/|access-date=2025-01-14|website=SparkNotes|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Plot == The book is a [[diary]] written by the fictional main character of ''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'', Greg Heffley, recounting his adventures as a sixth grader at Larry Mack Middle School.<ref name=":0" /> His personal goal is to become popular. He also dreams of becoming rich and famous, which he says middle school is not helping to achieve this goal:<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780141324906|pages=page=2|format=E-book}}</ref><blockquote>''"Like I said, I'll be famous one day, but for now I'm stuck in middle school with a bunch of morons."'' - Greg Heffley</blockquote>Greg describes the local myth about a moldy piece of cheese that has been left at his school's basketball court for a long time. A student named Darren Walsh touched it and started what is called the "cheese touch". According to this belief, if someone touches the cheese, they will have the curse-like "Cheese Touch," which makes them repellent to others; the victim is stuck with it until they pass it on by touching someone else. The only way to not get the cheese touch is to cross your fingers when a contaminated person touches you.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln4HejRlMXYC|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780141324906|pages=page=9}}</ref> He later introduces his older brother Rodrick Heffley, who plays the drums, his little brother Manny Heffley, who is spoiled by his family, and his best friend Rowley Jefferson. In October, after taking inspiration from Crosslands [[High school|High School]]'s [[haunted house]], they decide to create their own in the basement of Rowley's house. However, they are both caught after a frightened kid is found under the bed. The house is then shut down, and Rowley is grounded.<ref name=":0" /> After Rowley is released, they go on a trip for [[Halloween]], but get ambushed by a group of teenagers on the way, and barely manage to escape.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780141324906|pages=pages=61, 70-71}}</ref> In November, Greg's [[Physical education|PE]] teacher states that they have started their wrestling unit. Because he is lightweight, he is paired with Fregley, who Greg knows is an unusual child. Greg asks his parents to get him a [[bench press]] so he can move up a weight class.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780141324906|pages=pages=85,86|format=E-book}}</ref> However, he doesn't get his bench press until Christmas. At the same time, Greg's mom, Susan, decides to have him try out for a play of ''The Wizard of Oz'' as a tree, which results in a disaster.<ref name=":0" />On [[Christmas]], Greg asks for a [[video game]] called ''Twisted Wizard''. When he finally does get his bench press, he loses interest in it as the unit ended a week ago.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780141324906|pages=page=126|format=E-book}}</ref> By mistake, he also gets a sweater instead of his video game. Susan had accidentally mixed up Greg's gift with another person's, called the Giving Tree guy. Therefore, he goes to Rowley's house to see what things he received for [[Christmas]]. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Diary of a wimpy kid: Greg Heffley's journal: [a novel in cartoons]|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=2015|publisher=Puffin|isbn=978-0-14-132490-6|edition=Reissued|location=London etc.}}</ref> In January, Greg invents a game where he goes and throws a [[Association football|football]] at Greg's Big Wheel, ridden by Rowley. However, Rowley breaks his hand after an accident with the football. Rowley gets a lot of [[sympathy]] after that. Greg later signs up for a class called Independent Study. His class is assigned to build a [[robot]]. However, the class is cancelled after Greg's team writes a list of words the robot should not say.<ref name=":0" /> The same day, they also sign up to be the Safety Patrol in charge of making sure that the children could cross safely through the [[Street|streets]]. When the school paper advertises for a cartoonist, Greg accepts the offer. Greg and Rowley both create cartoons that end with "Zoo-Wee-Mama!". Greg creates a character named "Creighton the Cretin" and wins after submitting a few samples.<ref name=":0" /> However, a teacher, Mr. Ira, edits Greg's comic so it promotes math. In March, after Greg chases a group of kindergartners with a [[worm]] on a stick and is mistaken for Rowley, Greg places the blame on Rowley, who gets suspended from the Safety Patrol for a week. However, Rowley reveals the truth, and Greg's role as the Safety Patrol is revoked. Rowley then becomes friends with a pupil named Collin Lee.<ref name=":0" /> After Rowley and Collin have a sleepover, Greg tries a sleepover with Fregley. The sleepover ends badly. Therefore, Greg decides to be called "Class [[clown]]".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diary of a Wimpy Kid|last=Kinney|first=Jeff|date=August 21, 2008|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780141324906|pages=page=200}}</ref> In May, when his history teacher announces that they will be temporarily replaced by a substitute, Greg considers it the perfect opportunity to play a trick, but his plan fails when his mother shows up as the supply teacher.<ref name=":0" /> Rowley also becomes the new cartoonist of "Zoo-Wee-Mama!". The two friends nearly fight after Greg accuses Rowley of disregarding his contributions to the comic strip. During the fight, the teenagers who chased them at Halloween force Rowley to eat the [[Mould|moldy]] [[cheese]], when Greg avoids it by lying that he is [[Lactose intolerance|lactose intolerant]]. Greg takes the blame for it when someone notices it is missing. Greg and Rowley start hanging out again in June, and when the award of "Class clown" is given to Rowley, Greg throws his [[yearbook]] in the [[Waste container|trash]].<ref name=":0" /> == Sequels == As of 2024, the eighteen sequels that have been published as part of the series are, in order of publication date: # Diary Of A Wimpy Kid (2007) # ''Rodrick Rules'' (2008) # ''The Last Straw'' (2009) # ''Dog Days'' (2009) # ''The Ugly Truth'' (2010) # ''Cabin Fever'' (2011) # ''The Third Wheel'' (2012) # ''Hard Luck'' (2013) # ''The Long Haul'' (2014) # ''Old'' ''School'' (2015) # ''Double Down'' (2016) # ''The Getaway'' (2017) # ''The Meltdown'' (2018) # ''Wrecking Ball'' (2019) # ''The Deep End'' (2020) # ''Big Shot'' (2021) # ''Diper Överlöde'' (2022) # ''No Brainer'' (2023) # ''Hot Mess'' (2024) # Partypooper (2025) == Reception == In 2012, the book was ranked number 76 on a list of the top 100 children's novels published by ''School Library Journal''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-07-13|title=Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results « A Fuse #8 Production|url=http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results|access-date=2025-05-21|archive-date=2012-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713031015/http://blog.schoollibraryjournal.com/afuse8production/2012/07/07/top-100-chapter-book-poll-results|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Awards == ''Diary of a Wimpy Kid'' has won numerous awards, including the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Book and the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Children's Book Award.[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Diary_of_a_Wimpy_Kid/Ln4HejRlMXYC?hl=en&gbpv=0] == Film adaptations == Main articles: [[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2010 movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2010)]] and [[Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2021 movie)|Diary of a Wimpy Kid (2021)]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Diary of a Wimpy Kid]] emg9lz1fm6sd4avl5kcc05omi9jjasl 0 1162095 10882996 10666933 2026-06-10T08:22:34Z Hamid Hassani 363813 + Persian spelling; ed. some refs. 10882996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Hadi Saei | image = Hadi Saei (cropped).jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1976|06|10}} | birth_name = Hadi Saei Bonehkohal | birth_place = [[Bostan Abad, Iran|Bostan Abad]], Iran | order1 = [[City Council of Tehran|Member of City Council of Tehran]] | term_start1 = 29 April 2007 | term_end1 = 22 August 2017 | deputy1 = | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] | otherparty = [[Reformists Coalition (2006)]] | alma_mater = [[Islamic Azad University]] | occupation = | spouse = | website = | module = {{Infobox sportsperson | embed = yes | show-medals = yes | country = {{flag|Iran}} | sport = [[Taekwondo]] |medaltemplates = {{MedalCompetition|[[Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} [[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|80px]] {{MedalGold | [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens]] | [[Taekwondo at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 68 kg|68 kg]]}} {{MedalGold | [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing]] | [[Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 80 kg|80 kg]]}} {{MedalBronze | [[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney]] | [[Taekwondo at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 68 kg|68 kg]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[World Taekwondo Championships|World Championships]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1999 World Taekwondo Championships|1999 Edmonton]]|72 kg}} {{MedalGold|[[2005 World Taekwondo Championships|2005 Madrid]]|72 kg}} {{MedalSilver|[[2003 World Taekwondo Championships|2003 Garmisch-Partenkirchen]]|72 kg}} {{MedalBronze|[[2007 World Taekwondo Championships|2007 Beijing]]|72 kg}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}} {{MedalGold| [[2002 Asian Games|2002 Busan]] | [[Taekwondo at the 2002 Asian Games – Men's 72 kg|72 kg]]}} {{MedalBronze| [[2006 Asian Games|2006 Doha]] | [[Taekwondo at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's 72 kg|72 kg]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Taekwondo Championships|Asian Championships]]}} {{MedalGold| [[2006 Asian Taekwondo Championships|2006 Bangkok]] | 72 kg}} {{MedalSilver| [[2002 Asian Taekwondo Championships|2002 Amman]] | 72 kg}} {{MedalCompetition|[[West Asian Games]]}} {{MedalGold| [[1997 West Asian Games|1997 Tehran]] | 70 kg}} }} | caption = Saei in 2024 }} '''Hadi Saei''' ({{lang-fa|هادی ساعی بنه‌کهل}}; born June 10, 1976) is a former Iranian [[Taekwondo|taekwondo athlete]] and a [[Tehran]] city councilor. He is the most successful [[Iranian athlete]] in [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] history and one of the top champions in taekwondo, with 9 major titles.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-04|title=Hadi Saei: Taekwondo Legend and Olympic Champion|url=https://iranbrands.review/people/athlete/hadi-saei/|access-date=2025-01-15|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115055010/https://iranbrands.review/people/athlete/hadi-saei/|url-status=dead}}</ref> These include three [[Olympic medal|Olympic medals]] (gold in 2004 and 2008, bronze in 2000), two world championship titles, four world cup titles, and one world Olympic qualification tournament win. He is one of the top three medalists in the history of Olympic taekwondo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-22|title=ISNA - 11-08-2008 - 87/8/18 - سرویس: / قهرمانی - همگانی / شماره خبر: 1231191|url=http://www.isna.ir/ISNA/NewsView.aspx?ID=News-1231191|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722015059/http://www.isna.ir/ISNA/NewsView.aspx?ID=News-1231191|archive-date=2011-07-22|access-date=2025-01-15}}</ref> Saei was elected to Tehran's [[City council|City Council]] in 2006 and re-elected in 2013 but lost his seat in 2017. == Career == Hadi Saei started practicing Taekwondo at the age of six. He competed in the Lightweight category (67–72 kg) and became the 1999 World Champion and the 2003 World Championship silver medalist. After the 2003 [[earthquake]] in Bam, [[Iran]], Saei [[Auction|auctioned]] his medals to help the victims. He won the Taekwondo World Championship twice and is currently a senior student at Iran [[Physical education|Physical Education]] University. Saei officially retired from Taekwondo on November 8, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-03|title=Hadi Saei Bio, Stats, and Results {{!}} Olympics at Sports-Reference.com|url=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/hadi-saei-1.html|access-date=2025-01-15|archive-date=2011-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107062220/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/sa/hadi-saei-1.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Personal life == Hadi Saei faced great personal loss, losing his father and brother in the same year, followed by the death of his younger brother from [[cancer]] the next year. He is originally from Bostanabad city in [[East Azarbaijan province|East Azerbaijan Province]] and is of Iranian Azerbaijani heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-08-27|title=هادی ساعی مدال خود را تقدیم به مردم آذربایجان کرد|url=http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8706021402|access-date=2025-01-15|archive-date=2008-08-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827230103/http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8706021402|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == References == <references /> == Other websites == * [https://www.taekwondodata.com/hadi-saei-bonehkohal.a4o3.html Hadi Saei] at TaekwondoData.com * [https://iranbrands.review/people/athlete/hadi-saei/ Hadi Saei: Olympic Champion and Taekwondo Icon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115055010/https://iranbrands.review/people/athlete/hadi-saei/ |date=2025-01-15 }} [[Category:1976 births]] [[Category:Iranian Azerbaijani sportspeople]] avsq5q0fjhex54pz4pivnijv099410x 0 1166384 10882441 10264531 2026-06-09T16:21:07Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox electric vehicle|name=BYD D1|image=2020 BYD D1 (front).jpg|caption=BYD D1 in Shenzhen|manufacturer=[[BYD Auto|BYD]]|parent_company=|aka=|production=2020–present|model_years=|assembly=[[China]]: [[Changsha]]|designer=|class=[[Mini MPV]]|body_style=5-door [[hatchback]]|layout=[[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout]]|platform=|related=|motor={{convert|100|kW|hp PS|0|abbr=on}}|drivetrain=[[Battery electric vehicle]]|battery=70 kWh|range=|electric_range={{convert|305|km|mi|abbr=out}}|charging={{ubl|22&nbsp;kW AC| 50&nbsp;kW DC}}|wheelbase={{convert|2800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|length={{convert|4390|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|width={{convert|1850|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|height={{convert|1650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}|weight={{convert|1640- 2015|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}|predecessor=|successor=|sp=uk|doors=Conventional doors (driver side and passenger side front door)/[[Sliding door (car)|Sliding Doors]] (passenger side rear)}} The '''BYD D1''' is a compact MPV made by [[BYD Auto|BYD]] since 2020. In 2018 Didi a [[Chinese]] private transport company formed an alliance with brands like BYD, [[Volkswagen]], and [[BAIC Group]], to make purpose-bulit intelligent vehicles for ride-hailing and fleet management.<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 September 2020|title=China's Didi, BYD to launch co-designed ride-hailing EV - sources|website=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/didi-byd-idUSKCN26C1OI|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref> the D1 is the first purpose-bulit model Didi has revealed.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 November 2020|title=Didi Chuxing, BYD roll out customized vans for ride-hailing service|website=reuters.com|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/didi-chuxing-electric-byd/update-2-didi-chuxing-byd-roll-out-customized-vans-for-ride-hailing-service-idUSL1N2I210K|access-date=2020-11-17}}</ref> In August 2020, BYD received the approval of the Ministry of Industry and [[Information technology|Information Technology]] of China, to make a [[electric vehicle]] co-developed witi Didi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BYD and DiDi Team up to Launch Customized EVs|url=https://equalocean.com/news/2020092314832|access-date=2020-11-17|website=equalocean.com}}</ref> The BYD D1 was then launched in November 2020, its name means "always day 1".<ref>{{Cite web|title=专为网约车设计 滴滴全新车型正式发布|url=https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202011/1072888.html|access-date=2020-11-17|website=autohome.com.cn}}</ref> It isn't available for normal buyers, since it is sold only for transport companies like Didi and is made mainly for ride-hailing. Though in April 2022 Vemo a [[Mexican]] company, ordered 1.000 D1s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mexico’s Vemo Orders 1,000 BYD D1s Forming The Largest EV Taxi Fleet Outside China|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2022/04/mexicos-vemo-orders-1000-byd-d1s-forming-the-largest-ev-taxi-fleet-outside-china/|access-date=2022-04-30|language=en}}</ref> <gallery widths="220px"> File:BYD D1 002.jpg|BYD D1 passenger side with the sliding rear door File:BYD D1 001.jpg|BYD D1 driver side with the hinged rear door 2020 BYD D1 (rear).jpg|BYD D1 rear quarter </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} {{BYD Auto}} [[Category:BYD automobiles|D1]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] [[Category:Chinese automobiles]] [[Category:minivans]] n0mm4nm6ngf0da1g8jf1tuxihssakd6 0 1167026 10882932 10463413 2026-06-10T04:43:22Z MalayanGuard 1774094 /* */ fix 10882932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Perang Musuh Bisik | date = 1821–1842 | place = [[Kedah]] | image = [[File:War Banner of the Kedah Sultanate (1831).svg]] | caption = Reconstructed banner design following Siam's victory in the Whispering Enemy War, dated 1254 [[Hijri calendar|Hijri]] | territory = The [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] lost much territory and returned it to the [[Kedah Sultanate]] in 1842. | result = {{ubl|Victory of the Kedah Sultanate<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stearn |first1=Duncan |title=Slices of Thai History: From the curious & controversial to the heroic & hardy |date=25 March 2019 |publisher=Proglen Trading Co.}}</ref>}} *End of authority in Kedah after the death of [[:en:Chaophraya Nakhon (Noi)|Chaophraya Nakhon]] *Economic decline of the Rattanakosin Kingdom | combatant1 = [[File:Flag of Kedah (1821 - 1912).svg|25px|border]] [[Kedah Sultanate]] | combatant2 = [[File:Flag of Thailand (1782).svg|22px|border]] [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]]<br />[[File:Seal Nakhon Si Thammarat.svg|20px|border]] [[:en:Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom|Ligor Kingdom]]<br />[[Image:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|22px]] [[British East India Company]] | commander1 = [[File:Flag of Kedah (1821 - 1912).svg|25px|border]] [[Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II|Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II]]<br />[[File:Flag of Kedah (1821 - 1912).svg|25px|border]] [[:ms:Tunku Dhiauddin ibn Sultan Zainal Rashid I|Tunku Kudin]] | commander2 = [[File:Flag of Thailand (1782).svg|22px|border]] [[Rama III|King Rama III]]<br />[[File:Flag of Thailand (1782).svg|22px|border]] [[:en:Chaophraya Nakhon (Noi)|Chaophraya Nakhon]] [[:en:Death by natural causes|Death by natural causes]]<br >[[Image:Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg|22px]] [[Francis Light]] | strength1 = 13,000 including foreign troops from Aceh, Serdang ''(Sumatra)'', Deli, Berdage, Siak, Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan | strength2 = '''Rattanakosin:'''{{ubli| 7,500–150,000 troops<br />3,000 [[War elephant|war elephants]]<br />500 Chinese allies}} '''Ligor:'''{{ubli| 15,000 troops}} '''British:'''{{ubli| 18 artillery pieces<br />(including warships)}} | casualties1 = 1,255 killed | casualties2 = ''Heavy losses'' | partof = Kedah–Siamese, Malay-Siamese }} '''Perang Musuk Bisik''' ([[Jawi script|Jawi]]: ڤرڠ موسوه بيسيق; [[Thai language|Thai]]: สงครามศัตรูกระซิบ) was a military conflict that occurred in 1821 between the [[:en:Rattanakosin_Kingdom_(1782–1932)|Rattanakosin Kingdom]] and the [[:en:Kedah_Sultanate|Kedah Sultanate]]. The war was a popular uprising by the people of Kedah against Siamese rule in Kedah. It was named the Perang Musuk Bisik (Whispering Enemy War) because of the surprise attack tactics used by the Siamese forces, who appeared to ''whisper'' before striking. The conflict ended with the [[:en:Siamese_invasion_of_Kedah|Siamese occupation of Kedah]] for 10 years, before Kedah successfully regained its territory through diplomacy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stearn |first1=Duncan |title=Slices of Thai History: From the curious & controversial to the heroic & hardy |date=25 March 2019 |publisher=Proglen Trading Co.}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:History of Malaysia]] [[Category:History of Thailand]] [[Category:18th-century conflicts]] dlbyskn88ptj2julz2jt5atgdvbbo6i 0 1169000 10882855 10418959 2026-06-10T02:39:05Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile | name = VinFast VF 7 | image = Vinfast VF7 at NYIAS 2022, front right.jpg | caption = | manufacturer = [[VinFast]] | aka = | production = Since 2024 | model_years = | assembly = {{ubl | Vietnam: [[Cát Hải District|Cát Hải]] (VinFast Trading and Production LLC, Hai Phong Plant) | USA: [[Chatham County, North Carolina]] (from 2025)<ref>{{cite news |title=VinFast Breaks Ground On Its EV Plant In North Carolina |url=https://insideevs.com/news/679517/vinfast-breaks-ground-ev-plant-north-carolina/ |agency=Inside EVs |date=July 31, 2023}}</ref> }} | designer = Lee Jae Hoon | class = [[Compact crossover SUV]] ([[C-segment|C]]) | body_style = 5-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] | layout = {{ubl | Front-motor, [[front-wheel-drive]] (VF 7 Eco) | [[Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout|Dual-motors, all-wheel drive]] (VF 7 Plus) }} | platform = | related = | engine = | motor = single or dual Permanent magnet Motor(s) | powerout = {{ubl | {{cvt|150|kW|hp PS|0}} (Eco FWD) | {{cvt|260|kW|hp PS|0}} (Plus AWD) }} | transmission = | propulsion = | wheelbase = {{convert|2840|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|4545|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1636|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|NNNN|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} | electric_range = | battery = 75.3 kWh [[Lithium-ion battery|lithium ion]] (EV) | predecessor = | successor = | sp = us }} The '''VinFast VF 7''' is a electric compact [[Crossover SUV]] made by [[VinFast]] since 2024. == History and Features == The VinFast VF 7 was first shown at the Electronics Consumer Show in 2022 alongside the [[VinFast VF 5]] and the [[VinFast VF 6]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vietnamese automaker switches to all electric vehicles in 2022|url=https://hanoitimes.vn/vietnamese-automaker-switches-to-all-electric-vehicles-in-2022-319707.html|access-date=2022-02-22|website=hanoitimes.vn|language=en|archive-date=2022-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529000527/http://hanoitimes.vn/vietnamese-automaker-switches-to-all-electric-vehicles-in-2022-319707.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the pre-orders started in December 2022 in Vietnam.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 December 2023|title=VinFast chính thức nhận đặt cọc xe VF 7|language=vi|work=Tuổi trẻ|url=https://tuoitre.vn/vinfast-chinh-thuc-nhan-dat-coc-xe-vf-7-20231203225008468.htm|access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> with deliveries to Vietnamese customers in March 2024.<ref>{{cite news|date=30 March 2024|title=VinFast bắt đầu bàn giao xe VF 7 cho khách hàng|language=vi|work=Dân trí|url=https://dantri.com.vn/o-to-xe-may/vinfast-bat-dau-ban-giao-xe-vf-7-cho-khach-hang-20240330140628150.htm|access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref> it was designed by Lee Jae Hoon which is a senior exterior designer for [[General Motors]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Newsnpr|date=2022-01-06|title=Close-up of VinFast VF5, VF6, VF7 for the first time globally|url=https://www.newsnpr.org/close-up-of-vinfast-vf5-vf6-vf7-for-the-first-time-globally/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=Newsnpr|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222232148/https://www.newsnpr.org/close-up-of-vinfast-vf5-vf6-vf7-for-the-first-time-globally/|url-status=dead}}</ref> it has two versions:the Eco FWD has a [[electric motor]] with 150 kW (201 hp) and a range of 450 km (280 mi) while the Plus AWD has a electric motor with 260 kW (349 hp) and a range of 431 km (268 mi). == Markets == The VinFast VF 7 is sold mainly in The Vietnamese market but also in Philipines, [[Europe]], and the [[United States]]. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sport utility vehicles]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] s3ocsray3l9a3nm00chvmtegsumqf92 0 1170337 10883017 10861428 2026-06-10T09:25:53Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10883017 wikitext text/x-wiki {|{{Infobox ship begin }}{{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship name = ''Drawa'' | Ship owner = [[Polsteam|Polska zegluga morska]] | Ship operator = | Ship registry = | Ship route = | Ship ordered = | Ship builder = [[Gdańsk Shipyard|Gdańska Lenina]] | Ship original cost = | Ship yard number = 51 | Ship way number = | Ship laid down = | Ship launched = | Ship completed = 1958 | Ship christened = | Ship acquired = | Ship maiden voyage = | Ship in service = | Ship identification = | Ship notes = |Ship country=[[Poland]] |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Poland|civil}} | Ship fate = On 3 March 1964 she burned down and sank, at [[Vlieland]], Netherlands | Ship out of service = 3 March 1964 }}{{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship class = | Ship type = | Ship tonnage = 480 [[Gross register tonnage|BRT]]<ref name=wrak /> | Ship displacement = | Ship length = {{cvt|60|m|ftin}} | Ship beam = {{cvt|9.6|m|ftin}} | Ship height = {{cvt|3.4|m|ftin}} | Ship draught = | Ship draft = | Ship depth = | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship ice class = | Ship sail plan = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = | Ship speed = {{convert|10|kn}} | Ship capacity = 8-cylinder two stroke diesel engine, single shaft, 1 screw <ref name=wreck /> | Ship notes = }} |} '''MV ''Drawa''''' was a 1958-built, {{convert|60|m|adj=on}}-long Polish [[coastal trading vessel]]. It was owned by [[Polsteam|Polska zegluga morska]] and was registered in [[Szczecin]]. On 3 March 1964 the [[ship]] with a cargo of [[phosphorus]] and [[benzene]] caught fire north of [[Vlieland]], the Netherlands. It was towed to a sandbank where it burned down, slippled off and sank a day later. The crew members were rescued, with some having severe burns. Up to 30 years after the fate of the ship, accidents occureed with bathers suffering severe to very severe burns due to phosphorus balls that washed up on the beach. ==Ship details== The ship was built in 1958 by [[Gdańsk Shipyard|Gdańska Lenina]] in [[Gdańsk]], Poland and its engine by [[Crossley]] in [[Manchester]], [[United Kingdom]]. The ship had an steel hull, measured {{convert|60|m|ftin}} by {{convert|9.6|m|ftin}} and had a [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{cvt|3.4|m|ftin}}.<ref name=wreck /> She was assessed at 480 [[Gross register tonnage|BRT]]. The ship had an 8-cylinder 2 stroke [[diesel engine]], a single shaft and one screw.<ref name=wrak>{{Cite web|url=https://wrakkenmuseum.nl/wrakken/drawa|work={{ill|Wrakkenmuseum|nl}}|title=Scheepswrak: Drawa|language=nl}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=wreck>{{Cite web|url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?719 |work= wrecksite.eu|title= MV Drawa [+1964]}}</ref> ==Fate== In March 1964 the ship was on voyage from [[London]] to [[Szczecin]] with a cargo of [[phosphorus]] and 20 tons of [[benzene]] in barrels. At 16:15 (local time) on 3 March 1964 at {{ill|Eierlandse Gat|nl}},<ref name=Volkskrant>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010877481:mpeg21:a0085|work=[[De Volkskrant]] |title=Explosie maakt fakkel van Pools schip|date=4 March 1964|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> 12 miles north of [[Texel]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010815306:mpeg21:a0127|work=[[Trouw]] |title=Brand in Pools schip|date=4 March 1964|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> the barrels of benzene exploded and the ship caught fire. It was reported the flames were more than 20 meters high.<ref name=Volkskrant /> All 13 crew members got off the ship into [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]]. Twenty minutes later they were picked up by the Polish ''[[MS Monte Casino]]''. Some crew members had severe burns.<ref name=wrak /> Hours after the accident, tugs ''Holland'' and later also ''Doggersbank''<ref name=wrak /> from [[Terschelling]] tried to put the fire out but failed. Submarine hunter ''Limburg'' and [[hospital ship]] ''De Hoop'' also responded, but were unable to do anything.<ref name=Volkskrant /> While still burning, the ship was towed. Reaching {{ill|Vliehors|nl}}, a sandbank off the Vlieland coast, the ship sank after it was burned down.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010815307:mpeg21:a0076|work=[[Trouw]] |title=Brandende Pool bij Vlieland gezonken|date=5 March 1964|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> Days after the accident it was reported that it was very unlikely to salvage the wreck.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010616791:mpeg21:a0203|work=[[Leeuwarder Courant]] |title=Geen kans meer op bering van 'Drawa' bij Vlieland?|date=7 March 1964|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> ==Aftermath== ===Wreck=== At low tide the tops of the masts were visible above the water. Divers who went to the ship during the 1980s found out that there was little left of the wreck. It was broken up and pieces of the ship were scattered far apart.<ref name=wrak /> ===Phosphorus accidents=== In the decades following the sinking of ''Drawa'', phosphorus continued to escape from the wreck and phosphorus balls washed up on the beach. When it comes into contact with [[oxygen]], Phosphorus ignites.<ref name=DT /> In 1970 a German tourist had put a phosphorus ball in his pocket, mistaking it for a beautiful stone. The glowing phosphorus set his clothes on fire and he suffered third-degree burns to his right thigh, abdomen and right hand. After being treated by a local doctor, he was taken to hospital by ambulance.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011015833:mpeg21:a0004|work=[[Nieuwsblad van het Noorden]] |title=OP VLIELAND: 'Mooi steentje' was fosfor: Duitse badgast ernstig gewond|date=12 September 1970|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> In the following years, pieces of phosphorus kept washing up, causing burns to bathers. In March 1974, the city council requested action to combat the phosporus.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010849798:mpeg21:a0380|work=[[De Volkskrant]] |title=Vlieland vraag bestrijding fosforplaag |date=2 March 1974|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> However, still during the mid-1990s, accidents occureed with bathers suffering severe to very severe burns due to the phosphorus.<ref name=DT>{{Cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010692085:mpeg21:a0512|work=[[De Telegraaf]] |title= Kind en oma zwaar gewond door fosfor |date=2 March 1994|via=[[Delpher]]|language=nl}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} <!--{{1964 shipwrecks}}--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Drawa}} [[Category:1958 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Transport in Poland]] [[Category:Shipwrecks]] [[Category:20th century in the Netherlands]] [[Category:1964 in Europe]] [[Category:Fires in Europe]] [[Category:Transport disasters in Europe]] 46m8n9fq3sa5apisjzbgdgqil3ljzl3 0 1171063 10883043 10139576 2026-06-10T10:04:44Z ~2026-34252-79 1819546 /* Sub-Clans */ 10883043 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sadhayo''' or '''Sadhaya''' ([[Sindhi]]: '''سڌايا''') is a [[Sindhi]] Sammat<ref>{{cite book |title= A Short Sketch, Historical and Traditional, of the Musalman Races Found in Sind, Baluchistan and Afghanistan |url=https://www.google.com.pk/books/edition/A_Short_Sketch_Historical_and_Traditiona/eQk8AAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=sadhaya&pg=PA43&printsec=frontcover |author= Anṣārī, ʻAlī Sher ʻAlī |page= 43 |language= en |access-date= 23 February 2025}}</ref>tribe primarily found in the provinces of [[Sindh]] and [[Balochistan]], [[Pakistan]]. The Sadhayo people speak [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and follow [[Islam]].<ref>{{cite news |title= Land dispute: Jirga fails to resolve Dahani-Sadhayo tribal feud |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1074480/land-dispute-jirga-fails-to-resolve-dahani-sadhayo-tribal-feud |work= The Express Tribune |date= March 27, 2016 |access-date= 23 February 2025}}</ref> [[Category:Ethnic groups in Sindh]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]] [[Category:Tribes of Pakistan]] 21df334sfdvwuxkc2nbuspmxxbf3a5l 0 1174548 10882661 10881896 2026-06-09T21:15:27Z ~2026-29279-73 1804013 /* June */ 10882661 wikitext text/x-wiki Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence: * Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent [[nationality]] (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and a reference. Entries without a source should be removed. <!--Please check to see if someone is already listed before listing them--> <!-- * * * * * * * Please adhere to the guidelines below when adding a name to this article. * * * * * * * A typical entry reports information in the following sequence: Name, age, country of citizenship at birth or nationality if the subject is not eligible (for example, in the case of animals), subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and reference. Names are reported under the date of death. Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by surname or pseudonym. (1) Please add only those meeting Wikipedia notability guidelines. Include a reference to a reliable source.[a] [b] If a Wikipedia article for the dead does not yet exist, reconsider whether the subject is actually notable. If so, consider writing an article yourself. Those without a Wikipedia article are removed after one month. (2) Please understand that the intent of this article is to report notable deaths. Tragic deaths, while unfortunate, do not necessarily render the dead "notable". If you report the death of a notable subject that does not already have a Wikipedia article, consider starting one. (3) Please add entries in alphabetical order by family name. Please avoid over-linking. As such, please do not add links to nationalities, common occupations, or common causes of death. Rather, include only "links that aid navigation and understanding". Thank you. (4) References should be in <ref>[url & title]</ref> format, as full citations make the page too slow to load, and too big to edit. (5) Please do not move deaths from the previous month until the 8th of current month. --Notes-- [a] See [[WP:RS]] for definition of reliable source, and [[WP:BLPSOURCE]] for living and recently deceased persons. [b] For information on using information from Ancestry.com, Find-a-grave, or IMDb, please see [[WP:ELPEREN]]. * * * * * * * Please adhere to the guidelines above when adding a name to this article. * * * * * * * --> {{TOC right}} ==June== ===10=== ===9=== ===8=== ===7=== ===6=== *[[Julio Jung]], 84, Chilean actor (''[[Coronation (2000 movie)|Coronation]]'', ''[[El regalo]]'', ''[[And Suddenly the Dawn]]'') and radio announcer. ===5=== *[[Bernadette Chirac]], 93, French politician, [[List of spouses or partners of the president of France|first lady]] (1995–2007). *[[Christiane Cohendy]], 86, French actress (''[[The Creator (1999 movie)|The Creator]]'', ''[[The Horseman on the Roof]]'', ''[[The Passerby (1982 movie)|The Passerby]]''). *[[Anthony Head]], 72, English actor (''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Ted Lasso]]'', ''[[Merlin (2008 TV series)|Merlin]]''), complications from pneumonia.<ref name="headdeath">{{cite news|date=5 June 2026|title=Buffy and Ted Lasso star Anthony Head dies at 72|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd0p0rz4n0mo|access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> ===4=== *[[Patrick Godfrey]], 93, English actor (''[[Maurice (1987 movie)|Maurice]]'', ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo (2002 movie)|The Count of Monte Cristo]]'', ''[[Ever After]]''). *[[Fergus Slattery]], 77, Irish [[International Rugby Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] rugby union player ([[British & Irish Lions]], [[Barbarian F.C.|Barbarians]], [[Ireland national rugby union team|national team]]). *[[John Swan (Bermudian politician)|John Swan]], 90, Bermudian politician, [[List of premiers of Bermuda|premier]] (1982–1995). *[[Chunchuna Villafañe]], 92, Argentine actress (''[[No toquen a la nena]]'', ''[[The Official Story]]'', ''[[I Never Been in Vienna]]''). ===3=== *[[Chung King-fai]], 89, Hong Kong actor (''[[Black Mask (1996 movie)|Black Mask]]'', ''[[My Family (Hong Kong TV series)|My Family]]'', ''[[Welcome to the House]]''). *[[Sally Grace]], 74, English actress (''[[The Animals of Farthing Wood (TV series)|The Animals of Farthing Wood]]'', ''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Ghost Story (1974 movie)|Ghost Story]]''). *[[Angela Morant]], 84–85, British actress (''[[I, Claudius (TV series)|I, Claudius]]'', ''[[Brookside (TV series)|Brookside]]'', ''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]''). ===2=== *[[Peabo Bryson]], 75, American singer ("[[Tonight, I Celebrate My Love]]", "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]", "[[A Whole New World]]"), [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals|Grammy]] winner ([[35th Annual Grammy Awards|1993]], [[36th Annual Grammy Awards|1994]]), stroke. ===1=== *[[Knut Husebø]], 80, Norwegian visual artist and actor (''[[Life and Death (1980 movie)|Life and Death]]'', ''[[Julia Julia]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]''). ==May== ===31=== *[[Ronald LaPread]], 75, American musician ([[Commodores]]). ===30=== *[[Dorita Burgos]], 90, Argentine actress (''[[The Campanelli's Picnic]]'', ''[[Los caballeros de la cama redonda]]''). *[[Josefina Molina]], 89, Spanish film director (''[[Esquilache]]'', ''[[Teresa de Jesús]]''), screenwriter and television producer. ===29=== *[[Sidney Moko Mead]], 99, New Zealand [[Māori people|Māori]] anthropologist and historian. ===28=== *[[Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi]], 80, Yemeni politician, [[President of Yemen|president]] (2012–2022), [[Vice President of Yemen|vice president]] (1994–2012), and [[Ministry of Defense (Yemen)|minister of defense]] (1994), heart attack. ===27=== *[[Klaus Emmerich (director)|Klaus Emmerich]], 82, German film director (''[[The First Polka]]'', ''[[Trokadero]]''). ===26=== ===25=== *[[Rene Belmonte]], 55, Brazilian screenwriter [[If I Were You (2006 movie)|(''If I Were You'']], [[Novo Mundo (TV series)|''Novo Mundo'']], ''[[Federal Bank Heist]]''). *[[Sonny Rollins]], 95, American jazz saxophonist ("[[Airegin]]", "[[Doxy (song)|Doxy]]", "[[St. Thomas (song)|St. Thomas]]"). ===24=== ===23=== *[[Thérèse Liotard]], 80, French actress (''[[Viens chez moi, j'habite chez une copine]]'', ''[[My Father's Glory (movie)|My Father's Glory]]'', ''[[My Mother's Castle (movie)|My Mother's Castle]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gajderowicz|first=Jessica|date=2026-05-23|title=Viens chez moi, j’habite chez une copine : après Michel Blanc, décès à 80 ans de la comédienne Thérèse Liotard|url=https://www.public.fr/viens-chez-moi-jhabite-chez-une-copine-apres-michel-blanc-deces-a-80-ans-de-la-comedienne-therese-liotard|access-date=2026-05-24|website=Public|language=fr}}</ref> *[[Jools Topp|Dame Jools Topp]], 68, New Zealand musician and comedian ([[Topp Twins]]), breast cancer. ===22=== *[[Tamati Reedy]], 89, New Zealand Māori academic, rugby union player ([[Ngati Porou East Coast Rugby Football Union|East Coast]], [[Thames Valley Rugby Football Union|Thames Valley]], [[Māori All Blacks]]), and public servant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-23|title=Ngāti Porou leader Tā Tamati Reedy dies aged 89|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/596090/ngati-porou-leader-ta-tamati-reedy-dies-aged-89|access-date=2026-05-24|website=RNZ|language=en-nz}}</ref> ===21=== * [[Kyle Busch]], 41, American racing driver ([[NASCAR]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-24|title=Nascar star Kyle Busch died of severe pneumonia and sepsis, family says|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ceqpwx5741no|access-date=2026-05-24|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Michael Keating (actor)|Michael Keating]], 79, English actor (''[[Blakes 7]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-21|title=Eastenders and Blake’s 7 star Michael Keating dies aged 79|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/tv/news/michael-keating-death-age-eastenders-cause-b2981285.html|access-date=2026-05-24|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> ===20=== *[[George Eastman (actor)|George Eastman]], 83, Italian actor (''[[Antropophagus]]'', ''[[Rabid Dogs]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Keoma (movie)|Keoma]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-21|title=George Eastman, è morto l'attore, papà di Arianna Montefiori|url=https://www.ildifforme.it/spettacoli/cinema/george-esatman-arianna-montefiori/|access-date=2026-05-24|language=it-IT}}</ref> ===19=== *[[Péter Scherer]], 64, Hungarian actor (''[[The Lord's Lantern in Budapest]]'', ''[[Kontroll]]'', ''[[One Day in Europe]]''). ===18=== *[[Alexander Held]], 67, German actor.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.focus.de/kultur/stars/schauspieler-alexander-held-stirbt-mit-67-jahren_109b64a0-16b5-4927-af4a-1d52526817a9.html | title=Schauspieler Alexander Held stirbt mit 67 Jahren | work=[[Focus Online]] | date=19 May 2026 |language=de |access-date=19 May 2026 }}</ref> ===17=== *[[Scott Hastings (rugby union)|Scott Hastings]], 61, Scottish rugby union player ([[Watsonian FC|Watsonians]], [[Edinburgh Rugby|Edinburgh]], [[Scotland national rugby union team|national team]]), non-Hodgkin lymphoma. *[[M. J. K. Smith]], 92, English cricketer ([[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]], [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]). ===16=== *[[Dennis Locorriere]], 76, American singer and guitarist ([[Dr. Hook]]), kidney disease.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bird|first=Daniel|last2=Association|first2=Izzie Addison, Press|date=2026-05-17|title=Dr Hook star dead after 'long and courageous battle'|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/dennis-locorriere-dead-dr-hook-37168692|access-date=2026-05-24|website=Daily Mirror|language=en}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Angelica Domröse]], 85, German actress (''[[Love's Confusion]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Werner Holt (movie)|The Adventures of Werner Holt]]'', ''[[The Legend of Paul and Paula]]''). ===14=== *[[Krzysztof Piesiewicz]], 80, Polish screenwriter (''[[No End (movie)|No End]]'', ''[[The Double Life of Veronique]]'') and politician, [[Senate of Poland|senator]] (1991–1993, 1997–2011). *[[Alan Rothwell]], 89, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Brookside (TV series)|Brookside]]'', ''[[Heartbeat (British TV series)|Heartbeat]]'') and television presenter. ===13=== *[[Clarence Carter]], 90, American singer-songwriter ("[[Slip Away (Clarence Carter song)|Slip Away]]", "[[Patches (Chairmen of the Board song)|Patches]]", "[[Strokin']]"), complications from pneumonia, prostate cancer and sepsis. ===12=== *[[Stanisława Celińska]], 79, Polish actress (''[[Mamuśki]]'', ''[[The Maids of Wilko]]'', ''[[Landscape After the Battle]]''). *[[Jack Taylor (American actor)|Jack Taylor]], 99, American actor (''[[Succubus (movie)|Succubus]]'', ''[[Conan the Barbarian (1982 movie)|Conan the Barbarian]]'', ''[[The Ninth Gate]]''). ===11=== *[[Mal Anderson]], 91, Australian [[International Tennis Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] tennis player. *[[Brandon Clarke]], 29, Canadian basketball player ([[Memphis Grizzlies]])<ref>[https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/memphis-grizzlies-player-brandon-clarke-dies-at-29/3889534/ 29-year-old Memphis Grizzlies player Brandon Clarke dies in the San Fernando Valley]</ref> ===10=== *[[Rosemarie Bergmans]], 82, Belgian actress (''[[Pauline and Paulette]]''). *[[Michael Pennington]], 82, English actor (''[[Return of the Jedi]]'', ''[[Hamlet (1969 movie)|Hamlet]]''), co-founder of the [[English Shakespeare Company]]. ===9=== *[[Bobby Cox]], 84, American [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Fame]] baseball manager ([[Atlanta Braves]], [[Toronto Blue Jays]]), player, and coach, [[World Series]] champion ([[1977 World Series|1977]], [[1995 World Series|1995]]). *[[Maurice R. Greenberg]], 101, American businessman and philanthropist ===8=== *[[Festus Mogae]], 86, Botswana politician and economist, [[President of Botswana|president]] (1998–2008). ===7=== ===6=== *[[Ted Turner]], 87, American businessman and media owner ([[CNN]], [[WPCH-TV|WTBS]], [[TNT (American TV channel)|TNT]]).<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2026/05/06/us/ted-turner-death CNN founder Ted Turner, a pioneer of cable TV news, dies at 87]</ref> *[[Cavayé Yéguié Djibril]], 86, Cameroonian politician, [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Cameroon|president of the National Assembly]] (1992–2026).<ref>[https://www.cameroon-concord.com/headlines/cavaye-yeguie-djibril-dies-days-after-removal-as-assembly-speaker Cavaye Yéguié Djibril Dies Days After Removal as Assembly Speaker]</ref> ===5=== *[[Lee Hong-koo]], 91, South Korean diplomat and politician, [[Prime Minister of South Korea|prime minister]] (1994–1995) and [[List of ambassadors of South Korea to the United States|ambassador to the United States]] (1998–2000). *[[Jonathan Tiersten]], 60, American actor (''[[Sleepaway Camp]]'', ''[[Return to Sleepaway Camp]]'', ''[[The Perfect House (2011 American movie)|The Perfect House]]''). ===4=== * [[Stein Erik Hagen]], 69, Norwegian businessman.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haugan|first=Bjørn|last2=Farestvedt|first2=Ingrid Bjørndal|last3=Tovan|first3=Anders Ihle|last4=Storebø|first4=Ingrid|date=2026-05-04|title=Stein Erik Hagen (69) er død|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/OkyV0A/stein-erik-hagen-69-er-doed|access-date=2026-05-04|website=VG|language=no}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Claire Maurier]], 97, French actress (''[[La Cage aux Folles (movie)|La Cage aux Folles]]'', ''[[Amélie]]'', ''[[A Bad Son]]''). ===2=== ===1=== ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://www.theguardian.com/tone/obituaries ''The Guardian'' (UK) obituaries] *[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/ ''The Telegraph'' (UK) obituaries] *[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Chicago Tribune''] *[https://latimes.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Los Angeles Times''] *[https://www.nytimes.com/pages/obituaries/index.html ''The New York Times'', obituaries] *[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/obituaries/ ''The Washington Post'' obituaries] *[http://www.smh.com.au/obituaries ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (Australia) obituaries] {{Deaths by month and year}} [[Category:2026 deaths|*]] gmtgve4a8me8yk0ct6n9ewuzaxpej9c 10882941 10882661 2026-06-10T05:17:07Z ~2026-29279-73 1804013 /* 9 */ 10882941 wikitext text/x-wiki Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence: * Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent [[nationality]] (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and a reference. Entries without a source should be removed. <!--Please check to see if someone is already listed before listing them--> <!-- * * * * * * * Please adhere to the guidelines below when adding a name to this article. * * * * * * * A typical entry reports information in the following sequence: Name, age, country of citizenship at birth or nationality if the subject is not eligible (for example, in the case of animals), subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and reference. Names are reported under the date of death. Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by surname or pseudonym. (1) Please add only those meeting Wikipedia notability guidelines. Include a reference to a reliable source.[a] [b] If a Wikipedia article for the dead does not yet exist, reconsider whether the subject is actually notable. If so, consider writing an article yourself. Those without a Wikipedia article are removed after one month. (2) Please understand that the intent of this article is to report notable deaths. Tragic deaths, while unfortunate, do not necessarily render the dead "notable". If you report the death of a notable subject that does not already have a Wikipedia article, consider starting one. (3) Please add entries in alphabetical order by family name. Please avoid over-linking. As such, please do not add links to nationalities, common occupations, or common causes of death. Rather, include only "links that aid navigation and understanding". Thank you. (4) References should be in <ref>[url & title]</ref> format, as full citations make the page too slow to load, and too big to edit. (5) Please do not move deaths from the previous month until the 8th of current month. --Notes-- [a] See [[WP:RS]] for definition of reliable source, and [[WP:BLPSOURCE]] for living and recently deceased persons. [b] For information on using information from Ancestry.com, Find-a-grave, or IMDb, please see [[WP:ELPEREN]]. * * * * * * * Please adhere to the guidelines above when adding a name to this article. * * * * * * * --> {{TOC right}} ==June== ===10=== ===9=== *[[John Loring (designer)|John Loring]], 86, American fashion design director ([[Tiffany & Co.]]). ===8=== ===7=== ===6=== *[[Julio Jung]], 84, Chilean actor (''[[Coronation (2000 movie)|Coronation]]'', ''[[El regalo]]'', ''[[And Suddenly the Dawn]]'') and radio announcer. ===5=== *[[Bernadette Chirac]], 93, French politician, [[List of spouses or partners of the president of France|first lady]] (1995–2007). *[[Christiane Cohendy]], 86, French actress (''[[The Creator (1999 movie)|The Creator]]'', ''[[The Horseman on the Roof]]'', ''[[The Passerby (1982 movie)|The Passerby]]''). *[[Anthony Head]], 72, English actor (''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'', ''[[Ted Lasso]]'', ''[[Merlin (2008 TV series)|Merlin]]''), complications from pneumonia.<ref name="headdeath">{{cite news|date=5 June 2026|title=Buffy and Ted Lasso star Anthony Head dies at 72|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd0p0rz4n0mo|access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> ===4=== *[[Patrick Godfrey]], 93, English actor (''[[Maurice (1987 movie)|Maurice]]'', ''[[The Count of Monte Cristo (2002 movie)|The Count of Monte Cristo]]'', ''[[Ever After]]''). *[[Fergus Slattery]], 77, Irish [[International Rugby Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] rugby union player ([[British & Irish Lions]], [[Barbarian F.C.|Barbarians]], [[Ireland national rugby union team|national team]]). *[[John Swan (Bermudian politician)|John Swan]], 90, Bermudian politician, [[List of premiers of Bermuda|premier]] (1982–1995). *[[Chunchuna Villafañe]], 92, Argentine actress (''[[No toquen a la nena]]'', ''[[The Official Story]]'', ''[[I Never Been in Vienna]]''). ===3=== *[[Chung King-fai]], 89, Hong Kong actor (''[[Black Mask (1996 movie)|Black Mask]]'', ''[[My Family (Hong Kong TV series)|My Family]]'', ''[[Welcome to the House]]''). *[[Sally Grace]], 74, English actress (''[[The Animals of Farthing Wood (TV series)|The Animals of Farthing Wood]]'', ''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Ghost Story (1974 movie)|Ghost Story]]''). *[[Angela Morant]], 84–85, British actress (''[[I, Claudius (TV series)|I, Claudius]]'', ''[[Brookside (TV series)|Brookside]]'', ''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]''). ===2=== *[[Peabo Bryson]], 75, American singer ("[[Tonight, I Celebrate My Love]]", "[[Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)|Beauty and the Beast]]", "[[A Whole New World]]"), [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals|Grammy]] winner ([[35th Annual Grammy Awards|1993]], [[36th Annual Grammy Awards|1994]]), stroke. ===1=== *[[Knut Husebø]], 80, Norwegian visual artist and actor (''[[Life and Death (1980 movie)|Life and Death]]'', ''[[Julia Julia]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]''). ==May== ===31=== *[[Ronald LaPread]], 75, American musician ([[Commodores]]). ===30=== *[[Dorita Burgos]], 90, Argentine actress (''[[The Campanelli's Picnic]]'', ''[[Los caballeros de la cama redonda]]''). *[[Josefina Molina]], 89, Spanish film director (''[[Esquilache]]'', ''[[Teresa de Jesús]]''), screenwriter and television producer. ===29=== *[[Sidney Moko Mead]], 99, New Zealand [[Māori people|Māori]] anthropologist and historian. ===28=== *[[Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi]], 80, Yemeni politician, [[President of Yemen|president]] (2012–2022), [[Vice President of Yemen|vice president]] (1994–2012), and [[Ministry of Defense (Yemen)|minister of defense]] (1994), heart attack. ===27=== *[[Klaus Emmerich (director)|Klaus Emmerich]], 82, German film director (''[[The First Polka]]'', ''[[Trokadero]]''). ===26=== ===25=== *[[Rene Belmonte]], 55, Brazilian screenwriter [[If I Were You (2006 movie)|(''If I Were You'']], [[Novo Mundo (TV series)|''Novo Mundo'']], ''[[Federal Bank Heist]]''). *[[Sonny Rollins]], 95, American jazz saxophonist ("[[Airegin]]", "[[Doxy (song)|Doxy]]", "[[St. Thomas (song)|St. Thomas]]"). ===24=== ===23=== *[[Thérèse Liotard]], 80, French actress (''[[Viens chez moi, j'habite chez une copine]]'', ''[[My Father's Glory (movie)|My Father's Glory]]'', ''[[My Mother's Castle (movie)|My Mother's Castle]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gajderowicz|first=Jessica|date=2026-05-23|title=Viens chez moi, j’habite chez une copine : après Michel Blanc, décès à 80 ans de la comédienne Thérèse Liotard|url=https://www.public.fr/viens-chez-moi-jhabite-chez-une-copine-apres-michel-blanc-deces-a-80-ans-de-la-comedienne-therese-liotard|access-date=2026-05-24|website=Public|language=fr}}</ref> *[[Jools Topp|Dame Jools Topp]], 68, New Zealand musician and comedian ([[Topp Twins]]), breast cancer. ===22=== *[[Tamati Reedy]], 89, New Zealand Māori academic, rugby union player ([[Ngati Porou East Coast Rugby Football Union|East Coast]], [[Thames Valley Rugby Football Union|Thames Valley]], [[Māori All Blacks]]), and public servant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-23|title=Ngāti Porou leader Tā Tamati Reedy dies aged 89|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/596090/ngati-porou-leader-ta-tamati-reedy-dies-aged-89|access-date=2026-05-24|website=RNZ|language=en-nz}}</ref> ===21=== * [[Kyle Busch]], 41, American racing driver ([[NASCAR]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-24|title=Nascar star Kyle Busch died of severe pneumonia and sepsis, family says|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ceqpwx5741no|access-date=2026-05-24|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Michael Keating (actor)|Michael Keating]], 79, English actor (''[[Blakes 7]]'', ''[[EastEnders]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-21|title=Eastenders and Blake’s 7 star Michael Keating dies aged 79|url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/tv/news/michael-keating-death-age-eastenders-cause-b2981285.html|access-date=2026-05-24|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref> ===20=== *[[George Eastman (actor)|George Eastman]], 83, Italian actor (''[[Antropophagus]]'', ''[[Rabid Dogs]]'') and screenwriter (''[[Keoma (movie)|Keoma]]'').<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-21|title=George Eastman, è morto l'attore, papà di Arianna Montefiori|url=https://www.ildifforme.it/spettacoli/cinema/george-esatman-arianna-montefiori/|access-date=2026-05-24|language=it-IT}}</ref> ===19=== *[[Péter Scherer]], 64, Hungarian actor (''[[The Lord's Lantern in Budapest]]'', ''[[Kontroll]]'', ''[[One Day in Europe]]''). ===18=== *[[Alexander Held]], 67, German actor.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.focus.de/kultur/stars/schauspieler-alexander-held-stirbt-mit-67-jahren_109b64a0-16b5-4927-af4a-1d52526817a9.html | title=Schauspieler Alexander Held stirbt mit 67 Jahren | work=[[Focus Online]] | date=19 May 2026 |language=de |access-date=19 May 2026 }}</ref> ===17=== *[[Scott Hastings (rugby union)|Scott Hastings]], 61, Scottish rugby union player ([[Watsonian FC|Watsonians]], [[Edinburgh Rugby|Edinburgh]], [[Scotland national rugby union team|national team]]), non-Hodgkin lymphoma. *[[M. J. K. Smith]], 92, English cricketer ([[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]], [[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]], [[England cricket team|national team]]). ===16=== *[[Dennis Locorriere]], 76, American singer and guitarist ([[Dr. Hook]]), kidney disease.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bird|first=Daniel|last2=Association|first2=Izzie Addison, Press|date=2026-05-17|title=Dr Hook star dead after 'long and courageous battle'|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/dennis-locorriere-dead-dr-hook-37168692|access-date=2026-05-24|website=Daily Mirror|language=en}}</ref> ===15=== *[[Angelica Domröse]], 85, German actress (''[[Love's Confusion]]'', ''[[The Adventures of Werner Holt (movie)|The Adventures of Werner Holt]]'', ''[[The Legend of Paul and Paula]]''). ===14=== *[[Krzysztof Piesiewicz]], 80, Polish screenwriter (''[[No End (movie)|No End]]'', ''[[The Double Life of Veronique]]'') and politician, [[Senate of Poland|senator]] (1991–1993, 1997–2011). *[[Alan Rothwell]], 89, English actor (''[[Coronation Street]]'', ''[[Brookside (TV series)|Brookside]]'', ''[[Heartbeat (British TV series)|Heartbeat]]'') and television presenter. ===13=== *[[Clarence Carter]], 90, American singer-songwriter ("[[Slip Away (Clarence Carter song)|Slip Away]]", "[[Patches (Chairmen of the Board song)|Patches]]", "[[Strokin']]"), complications from pneumonia, prostate cancer and sepsis. ===12=== *[[Stanisława Celińska]], 79, Polish actress (''[[Mamuśki]]'', ''[[The Maids of Wilko]]'', ''[[Landscape After the Battle]]''). *[[Jack Taylor (American actor)|Jack Taylor]], 99, American actor (''[[Succubus (movie)|Succubus]]'', ''[[Conan the Barbarian (1982 movie)|Conan the Barbarian]]'', ''[[The Ninth Gate]]''). ===11=== *[[Mal Anderson]], 91, Australian [[International Tennis Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] tennis player. *[[Brandon Clarke]], 29, Canadian basketball player ([[Memphis Grizzlies]])<ref>[https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/memphis-grizzlies-player-brandon-clarke-dies-at-29/3889534/ 29-year-old Memphis Grizzlies player Brandon Clarke dies in the San Fernando Valley]</ref> ===10=== *[[Rosemarie Bergmans]], 82, Belgian actress (''[[Pauline and Paulette]]''). *[[Michael Pennington]], 82, English actor (''[[Return of the Jedi]]'', ''[[Hamlet (1969 movie)|Hamlet]]''), co-founder of the [[English Shakespeare Company]]. ===9=== *[[Bobby Cox]], 84, American [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Fame]] baseball manager ([[Atlanta Braves]], [[Toronto Blue Jays]]), player, and coach, [[World Series]] champion ([[1977 World Series|1977]], [[1995 World Series|1995]]). *[[Maurice R. Greenberg]], 101, American businessman and philanthropist ===8=== *[[Festus Mogae]], 86, Botswana politician and economist, [[President of Botswana|president]] (1998–2008). ===7=== ===6=== *[[Ted Turner]], 87, American businessman and media owner ([[CNN]], [[WPCH-TV|WTBS]], [[TNT (American TV channel)|TNT]]).<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2026/05/06/us/ted-turner-death CNN founder Ted Turner, a pioneer of cable TV news, dies at 87]</ref> *[[Cavayé Yéguié Djibril]], 86, Cameroonian politician, [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Cameroon|president of the National Assembly]] (1992–2026).<ref>[https://www.cameroon-concord.com/headlines/cavaye-yeguie-djibril-dies-days-after-removal-as-assembly-speaker Cavaye Yéguié Djibril Dies Days After Removal as Assembly Speaker]</ref> ===5=== *[[Lee Hong-koo]], 91, South Korean diplomat and politician, [[Prime Minister of South Korea|prime minister]] (1994–1995) and [[List of ambassadors of South Korea to the United States|ambassador to the United States]] (1998–2000). *[[Jonathan Tiersten]], 60, American actor (''[[Sleepaway Camp]]'', ''[[Return to Sleepaway Camp]]'', ''[[The Perfect House (2011 American movie)|The Perfect House]]''). ===4=== * [[Stein Erik Hagen]], 69, Norwegian businessman.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Haugan|first=Bjørn|last2=Farestvedt|first2=Ingrid Bjørndal|last3=Tovan|first3=Anders Ihle|last4=Storebø|first4=Ingrid|date=2026-05-04|title=Stein Erik Hagen (69) er død|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/OkyV0A/stein-erik-hagen-69-er-doed|access-date=2026-05-04|website=VG|language=no}}</ref> ===3=== *[[Claire Maurier]], 97, French actress (''[[La Cage aux Folles (movie)|La Cage aux Folles]]'', ''[[Amélie]]'', ''[[A Bad Son]]''). ===2=== ===1=== ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[https://www.theguardian.com/tone/obituaries ''The Guardian'' (UK) obituaries] *[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/ ''The Telegraph'' (UK) obituaries] *[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Chicago Tribune''] *[https://latimes.com/news/obituaries/ Obituaries, ''Los Angeles Times''] *[https://www.nytimes.com/pages/obituaries/index.html ''The New York Times'', obituaries] *[https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/obituaries/ ''The Washington Post'' obituaries] *[http://www.smh.com.au/obituaries ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (Australia) obituaries] {{Deaths by month and year}} [[Category:2026 deaths|*]] o5w3gbgdj5wpkkfkz2bdnvcaa1o9edn 0 1176332 10883025 10814594 2026-06-10T09:29:33Z ~2026-34181-91 1819537 /* */ 10883025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestler |name=Powerhouse Hobbs |names=Powerhouse Hobbs<br>'''Royce Keys'''<ref name="RR2026">{{cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |title=WWE Royal Rumble results |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2026/01/31/wwe-royal-rumble-results-powells-live-review-of-the-royal-rumble-matches-drew-mcintyre-vs-sami-zayn-for-the-wwe-championship-aj-styles-putting-his-career-on-the-line-against-gunther/ |work=ProWrestling.net |date=January 31, 2026 |access-date=January 31, 2026 }}</ref><br>Will Hobbs<br>Will.I.IS<br>Will Rood |image=Will "Powerhouse" Hobbs, 2022 (headshot).jpg |caption=Hobbs in 2022 |height={{height|ft=6|in=1}} |weight={{convert|270|lb|kg|abbr=on}} |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1985|1|23}} |birth_place=[[East Palo Alto, California|East Palo Alto]], [[California]] |billed=[[East Palo Alto, California]] |trainer=[[Donovan Morgan]]<br>[[Ezekiel Jackson]]<br>Frank Murdoch<br>[[Michael Modest]]<br>Roland Alexander |debut=July 18, 2009 }} '''William Hobson''' (born January 23, 1985) is an American [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]]. He currently wrestles for [[WWE]] under the [[ring name]] '''Royce Keys'''. He is best known for his time in [[All Elite Wrestling]] (AEW) under the ring name '''Powerhouse Hobbs'''. ==Career== ===All Elite Wrestling (2020–2026)=== On the July 7, 2020 episode of ''[[AEW Dark|Dark]]'', Hobbs made his AEW debut, losing to [[Orange Cassidy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dark-7720-results-live-coverage-discussion-7pm-est|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dark 7/7/20 Results: SCU, Dark Order, Big Swole, Shawn Spears & More In Action|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> At [[All Out (2020)|All Out]], Hobbs participated in the 21-man [[Professional wrestling match types#Casino Battle Royal|Casino Battle Royale]] to try and earn a shot at the [[AEW World Championship]] in a future match. The match was won by [[Lance Archer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2020/09/05/aew-all-out-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-mjf-for-the-aew-championship-kenny-omega-and-hangman-page-vs-ftr-for-the-aew-tag-titles-hikaru-shida-vs-thunder-rosa-for-the-aew-women/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW All Out results: Powell's live review of Jon Moxley vs. MJF for the AEW Championship, Kenny Omega and Hangman Page vs. FTR for the AEW Tag Titles, Hikaru Shida vs. Thunder Rosa for the AEW Women's Title, Chris Jericho vs. Orange Cassidy in a Mimosa Mayhem match|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> AEW owner [[Tony Khan]] announced that Hobbs had signed a contract to become a member of the AEW roster. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/aew/aew-announces-signing-will-hobbs-320316/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW announces signing of Will Hobbs|publisher=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> On the October 7 episode of ''[[AEW Dynamite|Dynamite]]'', Hobbs challenged [[Brian Cage]] for his [[FTW Championship]] but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-10720-results-live-coverage-discussion-8pm-est|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite 10/7/20 Results: 30 Years Of Chris Jericho & 3 Title Matches|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the November 18 episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs ran-in to save [[Cody Rhodes]] and [[Darby Allin]] from an attack by [[Team Taz]] ([[Taz (wrestler)|Taz]], [[Brian Cage]], and [[Ricky Starks]]). Hobbs instead turned [[Heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] and helped with the attack on Rhodes and Allin, joining Team Taz.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-111820-results-live-coverage-and-discussion-8pm-est|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite 11/18/20 Results: NWA Women's Title Match, Death Triangle Reunites & More!|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> At [[Double or Nothing (2021)|Double or Nothing]], Hobbs once again entered the Casino Battle Royale for a shot at the AEW World Championship in the future but the match was won by [[Jack Perry|Jungle Boy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/05/30/aew-double-or-nothing-results-powells-live-review-of-kenny-omega-vs-orange-cassidy-vs-pac-for-the-aew-championship-hikaru-shida-vs-britt-baker-for-the-aew-womens-title-miro-vs-lance-archer/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Double Or Nothing results: Powell's live review of Kenny Omega vs. Orange Cassidy vs. Pac for the AEW Championship, Hikaru Shida vs. Britt Baker for the AEW Women's Title, Miro vs. Lance Archer for the TNT Title, The Young Bucks vs. Jon Moxley and Eddie Kingston for the AEW Tag Titles, The Pinnacle vs. The Inner Circle in a Stadium Stampede match|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> At [[Grand Slam (2021)|Grand Slam]], Hobbs wrestled [[CM Punk]] in his first televised match in 7 years. Hobbs ended up losing to Punk in the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2021/09/24/9-24-aew-rampage-results-mcguires-live-review-of-cm-punk-vs-powerhouse-hobbs-jon-moxley-and-eddie-kingston-vs-minoru-suzuki-and-lance-archer-adam-cole-and-young-bucks-vs-christian-cage-j/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=9/24 AEW Rampage results: McGuire's live review of CM Punk vs. Powerhouse Hobbs, Jon Moxley and Eddie Kingston vs. Minoru Suzuki and Lance Archer, Adam Cole and Young Bucks vs. Christian Cage, Jungle Boy, and Luchasaurus, Penta, Rey Fenix, Santana, and Ortiz vs. The Butcher, The Blade, and Private Party, Anna Jay vs. Penelope Ford|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> At [[AEW Revolution (2022)|Revolution]], Hobbs participated in the [[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Face of the Revolution Ladder match]] for a shot at the [[AEW TNT Championship]] in the future but the match was won by [[Wardlow (wrestler)|Wardlow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/03/06/aew-revolution-results-powells-live-review-of-hangman-page-vs-adam-cole-for-the-aew-title-britt-baker-vs-thunder-rosa-for-the-aew-womens-title-jungle-boy-and-luchasaurus-vs-bobby-fish-and-ky/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Revolution results: Powell's live review of Hangman Page vs. Adam Cole for the AEW Title, Britt Baker vs. Thunder Rosa for the AEW Women's Title, Jungle Boy and Luchasaurus vs. Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly vs. The Young Bucks for the AEW Tag Titles, CM Punk vs. MJF in a dog collar match, Jon Moxley vs. Bryan Danielson|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> At [[Double or Nothing (2022)|Double or Nothing]], Hobbs teamed with Starks and challenged for the [[AEW World Tag Team Championship]]s in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|three-way tag team match]] but [[Jurassic Express]] ([[Jack Perry|Jungle Boy]] and [[Luchasaurus]]) retained.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/05/29/aew-double-or-nothing-results-powells-live-review-of-hangman-page-vs-cm-punk-for-the-aew-championship-mjf-vs-wardlow-thunder-rosa-vs-serena-deeb-for-the-aew-womens-title-owen-hart-cup-tourn/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Double Or Nothing results: Powell's live review of Hangman Page vs. CM Punk for the AEW Championship, MJF vs. Wardlow, Thunder Rosa vs. Serena Deeb for the AEW Women's Title, Owen Hart Cup tournament finals, The Hardys vs. The Young Bucks, Jungle Boy and Luchasaurus vs. Ricky Starks and Powerhouse Hobbs vs. Keith Lee and Swerve Strickland for the AEW Tag Titles|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> At [[Fyter Fest (2022)|Fyter Fest]], Hobbs and Starks once again challenged for the AEW World Tag Team Championship in a three-way tag team match but the match and championships were won by Swerve In Our Glory ([[Keith Lee]] and [[Swerve Strickland]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/07/13/7-13-aew-dynamite-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-kenosuke-takeshita-in-an-eliminator-match-wardlow-vs-orange-cassidy-for-the-tnt-title-the-young-bucks-vs-keith-lee-and-swerv/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=7/13 AEW Dynamite results: Powell's live review of Jon Moxley vs. Kenosuke Takeshita in an eliminator match, Wardlow vs. Orange Cassidy for the TNT Title, The Young Bucks vs. Keith Lee and Swerve Strickland vs. Ricky Starks and Powerhouse Hobbs for the AEW Tag Titles, Claudi Castagnoli vs. Jake Hager, Serena Deeb vs. Anna Jay|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> Team Taz broke up a week after Hobbs turned on and attacked Starks after Starks lost the FTW Championship at [[Fight for the Fallen (2022)|Fight for the Fallen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/aew/results/aew-dynamite-live-results-chris-jericho-vs-wheeler-yuta|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite live results: Chris Jericho vs. Wheeler Yuta|publisher=Wrestling Observer Newsletter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/07/27/7-27-aew-dynamite-results-barnetts-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-rush-for-the-interim-aew-world-championship-thunder-rosa-vs-miyu-yamashita-for-the-aew-womens-championship-ricky-star/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=7/27 AEW Dynamite results: Barnett's live review of Jon Moxley vs. Rush for the Interim AEW World Championship, Thunder Rosa vs. Miyu Yamashita for the AEW Women's Championship, Ricky Starks vs. Danhausen for the FTW Title, Bryan Danielson vs. Daniel Garcia, Sammy Guevara vs. Dante Martin|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> At [[Full Gear (2022)|Full Gear]], Hobbs challenged for the AEW TNT Championship in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Multi-person matches|three-way match]] but the match and championship was won by [[Samoa Joe]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/11/19/aew-full-gear-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-mjf-for-the-aew-world-championship-the-acclaimed-vs-swerve-strickland-and-keith-lee-for-the-aew-tag-titles-toni-storm-vs-jamie-hayter/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Full Gear results: Powell's live review of Jon Moxley vs. MJF for the AEW World Championship, The Acclaimed vs. Swerve Strickland and Keith Lee for the AEW Tag Titles, Toni Storm vs. Jamie Hayter for the Interim AEW Women's Title, Death Triangle vs. The Elite for the AEW Trios Titles, Saraya vs. Britt Baker|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> On the March 1, 2023 episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs earned a shot at Wardlow's AEW TNT Championship after entering and winning the Face Of The Revolution Ladder Match.<ref name="Howard2023"> {{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-31-results-face-revolution-ladder-match-two-title-matches-mjf-and-more|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (3/1) Results: Face Of The Revolution Ladder Match, Two Title Matches, MJF, And More|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the next week's episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs defeated Wardlow to win the AEW TNT championship. It was Hobbs's first championship in AEW. He also briefly joined [[Q. T. Marshall]]'s QTV [[List of professional wrestling terms#S|stable]].<ref name="TNT">{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/hobbs|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=Powerhouse Hobbs Wins TNT Championship On 3/8 AEW Dynamite, Aligns With QT Marshall|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> Hobbs lost the championship back to Wardlow on the April 19 episode of ''Dynamite''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-41923-results-elite-speaks-tnt-title-bout-jay-white-s-debut-and-more|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (4/19/23) Results: The Elite Speaks, TNT Title Bout, Jay White's Debut, And More|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> Hobbs entered the [[Owen Hart Cup|Owen Hart Foundation Tournament]]. He defeated [[Dustin Rhodes]] before losing to Ricky Starks in the semi-finals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-collision-712023-results-samoa-joe-vs-roderick-strong-owen-hart-foundation-match|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Collision (7/1/2023) Results: Samoa Joe vs. Roderick Strong|publisher=Fightful}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-collision-782023-results-cm-punk-vs-samoa-joe-ftr-vs-bullet-club-gold-starks-vs-hobbs|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Collision (7/8/2023) Results: CM Punk vs. Samoa Joe, FTR vs. Bullet Club Gold, Starks vs. Hobbs.|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the October 4 episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs attacked both [[Kenny Omega]] and [[Chris Jericho]], becoming the newest member of the [[Don Callis Family]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/aew/powerhouse-hobbs-joins-the-don-callis-family-at-aew-dynamite-anniversary/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=Powerhouse Hobbs joins The Don Callis Family at AEW Dynamite Anniversary|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> On the April 24, 2024 episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs challenged [[Jon Moxley]] for the [[IWGP World Heavyweight Championship]] but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-42424-results-jon-moxley-vs-powerhouse-hobbs-swerve-strickland-competes-more|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (4/24/24) Results: Jon Moxley vs. Powerhouse Hobbs, Swerve Strickland Competes, More|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> After the match, Hobbs had to have surgery after he injury himself during an attempted [[Professional wrestling aerial techniques#Suicide|suicide dive]] in the match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://411mania.com/wrestling/powerhouse-hobbs-need-surgery-injury/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=Powerhouse Hobbs will reportedly need surgery for injury|publisher=411Mania}}</ref> On the November 6 episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs returned to AEw and was revealed as the mystery partner for [[Ricochet (wrestler)|Ricochet]]. He also left the Don Callis Family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-11624-results-orange-cassidy-adam-cole-bobby-lashley-ricochet-and-more-appear|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (11/6/24) Results: Orange Cassidy, Adam Cole, Bobby Lashley, Ricochet, And More Appear|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> At [[Worlds End (2024)|Worlds End]], Hobbs challenged [[Konosuke Takeshita]] for the [[AEW International Championship]] but lost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/28/aew-worlds-end-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-orange-cassidy-vs-hangman-page-vs-jay-white-for-the-aew-world-championship-continental-classic-semifinals-and-finals/|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Worlds End results: Powell's live review of Jon Moxley vs. Orange Cassidy vs. Hangman Page vs. Jay White for the AEW World Championship, Continental Classic semifinals and finals|publisher=Pro Wrestling Dot Com}}</ref> On the January 8, 2025 episode of ''Dynamite'', Hobbs earned a shot at Jon Moxley's AEW World Championship after entering and winning the [[Professional wrestling\ match types#Series matches|Casino Gauntlet Match]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-1825-results-kenny-omega-returns-world-title-number-one-contender-casino-gauntlet|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite (1/8/25) Results: Kenny Omega Returns, World Title Number One Contender Casino Gauntlet|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> Hobbs lost to Moxley on the next week's ''Dynamite''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/results/aew-dynamite-maximum-carnage-11525-results-jon-moxley-defends-kenny-omega-vs-brian-cage-more|accessdate=March 20, 2025|title=AEW Dynamite: Maximum Carnage (1/15/25) Results: Jon Moxley Defends, Kenny Omega vs. Brian Cage, More|publisher=Fightful}}</ref> In April at [[AEW Spring BreakThru|''Dynamite'': Spring BreakThru]], Hobbs (substituting for the injured [[Hook (wrestler)|Hook]]) teamed with The Opps ([[Katsuyori Shibata]] and [[Samoa Joe]]) to defeat the [[Death Riders]] for the [[AEW World Trios Championship]].<ref name="Trios">{{cite web|url=https://www.allelitewrestling.com/post/aew-dynamite-spring-breakthru-results|title=AEW Dynamite: Spring BreakThru results|work=[[AllEliteWrestling.com]]|publisher=[[All Elite Wrestling]]|date=April 16, 2025|access-date=April 16, 2025}}</ref> The next night at [[Spring BreakThru|''Collision:'' Spring BreakThru]], Hobbs became a member of The Opps.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2025 |title=AEW Collision results |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/aew/aew-results/aew-collision-results-mercedes-mone-adam-cole-josh-alexander/ |access-date=April 18, 2025 |website=[[F4WOnline.com]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> On May 25 at [[Double or Nothing (2025)|Double or Nothing]], The Opps teamed with [[Kenny Omega]], [[Swerve Strickland]], and [[Willow Nightingale]] to defeat the [[Death Riders]] and [[The Young Bucks]] in an [[Anarchy in the Arena match]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=May 25, 2025 |title=AEW Double Or Nothing results |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/05/25/aew-double-or-nothing-results-powells-live-review-of-will-ospreay-vs-hangman-page-and-mercedes-mone-vs-jamie-hayter-in-the-finals-of-the-owen-hart-foundation-tournaments-anarchy-in-the-arena/ |access-date=May 27, 2025 |website=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> On July 12 at [[All In: Texas]], The Opps successfully defended their titles against the Death Riders and [[Gabe Kidd]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=July 12, 2025 |title=AEW All In Texas results |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/07/12/aew-all-in-texas-results-powells-live-review-of-jon-moxley-vs-hangman-page-in-a-texas-death-match-for-the-aew-world-championship-toni-storm-vs-tbs-champion-mercedes-mone-for-the-aew-women/ |access-date=July 12, 2025 |work=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> On October 18 at [[WrestleDream (2025)|WrestleDream]], Hobbs and The Opps turned heel when they attacked [[Adam Page|"Hangman" Adam Page]] after Joe failed to defeat Page for the AEW World Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=2025-10-18 |title=AEW WrestleDream results |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/10/18/aew-wrestledream-results-powells-live-review-of-hangman-page-vs-samoa-joe-for-the-aew-world-championship-darby-allin-vs-jon-moxley-in-an-i-quit-match/ |access-date=2025-10-19 |work=ProWrestling.net}}</ref> On the January 17, 2026 episode of ''[[Collision: Maximum Carnage]]'' (filmed on January 14), the Opps lost the AEW World Trios Championship to Page and [[JetSpeed]] ([[Kevin Knight]] and [["Speedball" Mike Bailey]]). This was Hobbs' last AEW appearance as his contract expired on January 15 and he chose not to re-sign.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/aew/update-powerhouse-hobbs-leaving-aew-for-wwe/ |title=Update on Powerhouse Hobbs leaving AEW for WWE |access-date=January 16, 2026 |website=[[F4WOnline.com]] |date=January 16, 2026 |first=Joseph |last=Currier }}</ref> === WWE (2026–present) === Hobson made his [[WWE]] debut on January 31 in the 2026 men's [[Royal Rumble#Match|Royal Rumble match]] under the ring name Royce Keys. He entered at number 14 but was eliminated by [[Bronson Reed]].<ref name="RR2026"/> == Championships and accomplishments == [[File:Powerhouse Hobbs as AEW World Trios Champion, July 2025.jpg|thumb|Hobbs as one third of the [[AEW World Trios Championship|AEW World Trios Champions]].]] *'''[[All Elite Wrestling]]''' **[[AEW TNT Championship]] ([[AEW TNT Championship#Reigns|1 time]])<ref name="TNT"/> **[[AEW World Trios Championship]] ([[AEW World Trios Championship#Title history|1 time]]) – with [[Katsuyori Shibata]] and [[Samoa Joe]]<ref name="Trios"/> **[[Professional wrestling match types#Weapons match|Face of the Revolution Ladder match]] (2023)<ref name="Howard2023"/> *'''All Pro Wrestling''' **APW Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Marcus Lewis **APW Worldwide Internet Championship (3 times) *'''Championship Wrestling from Hollywood''' **UWN Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Damien Grundy *'''Gold Rush Pro Wrestling''' **GRPW Dynamite Division Championship (1 time) **GRPW Dynamite Division Championship Tournament (2013) *'''Pro Championship Wrestling''' **PCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mitch Valentine * '''''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]]''''' ** Ranked No. 93 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the ''[[Pro Wrestling Illustrated#PWI 500|PWI 500]]'' in 2021 == References == {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{Commons category}} *{{Twitter|TrueWillieHobbs}} {{WWE personnel}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbs, Powerhouse}} [[Category:1991 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:African-American wrestlers]] [[Category:All Elite Wrestling alumni]] [[Category:American professional wrestlers]] [[Category:Sportspeople from California]] [[Category:WWE wrestlers]] j5t44lpd9sh3k0f4nivit5oqk340x69 0 1176403 10882501 10851500 2026-06-09T17:55:37Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tucson Mall''' is known to be the biggest and most recognizable mall in [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]]. It opened in 1982, and has grown a lot since then for over 40 years. Brookfiled Properties were the original owners and management. There are two floor levels and about 163 stores in the mall, including restaurants nearby. The anchor stores include Dillard's, Forever 21, JCPenney, Macy's, and Old Navy. There is also a children's play place which is always full of families. There are always improvements happening, and openings of new stores and restaurants. In 2001, General Growth Properties bought Tucson Mall for 180 Million Dollars. The mall is located on the north side of Tucson, bounded by Oracle Road (Arizona State Route 77), Wetmore Road, Stone Avenue, and the Rillito River. Behind the Mall is a [[Sam's Club]] and other stores which are at W Stone Loop and E River Rd. == Anchor Stores == * [[Dillard's]] (197,958 square feet (18,390.9 m²)) * [[Forever 21]] (86,596 square feet (8,045.0 m²), formerly [[Mervyn's]]) * [[JCPenney|JC Penny]](136,864 square feet (12,715.1 m²)) * [[Macy's]](139,078 square feet (12,920.8 m²), formerly occupied in a 135,000 square feet (12,500 m²) originally [[The Broadway]] or [[The Broadway|Broadway Southwest]] the current location originally opened as Foley's in 1991; chain's Arizona locations rebranded as [[Robinsons-May]] February 2, 1997 changed to Macy's in 2006) * [[Old Navy]](19,996 square feet (1,857.7 m²)) == Former anchors == * [[Diamond's Store|Diamond's]](Sold to [[Dillard's]] in 1984) * [[Foley's]] (became [[Robinsons-May]] on February 2, 1997, closed sometime shortly after the chain was bought out by [[Macy's]], reopened as [[Macy's]] in 2006) * [[The Broadway]] (became Macy's in 1996, closed in 2006, demolished in 2007) * [[Mervyn's|Meryvn's]](closed in 2008, became [[Forever 21]] in 2009) * [[Sears]](162,816 square feet (15,126.1 m²), closed in April 2020) == History == Helen Wetmore, whose husband's family had homesteaded the land in the late 1800s, came up with the idea for the Tucson Mall. During a trip to Chicago in the 1930s, she spotted a shopping center on the [[Skokie, Illinois|Skokie]] Highway and thought to herself, "That's what I am going to have on my land." She kept the parcel of land together until 1978, and at that point plans for the mall were initiated with [[Forest City Enterprises]]. The Tucson Mall opened in 1982, with about 100 stores and five department stores, including Broadway, J. C. Penney, Mervyn’s, Diamond's and Sears. Hellmuth, Obata & Kassabuam of Dallas, Texas were the architects for the mall. Each of the five original department stores hired their own designers. Forest City Dillon Inc. was the one with the contract. Diamond's was converted to Dillard's in 1984. Beginning in 1990, the mall began an extensive expansion project. First, the [[Dillard's]] anchor was expanded and a parking garage was added next to [[Dillard's]]. On the east side of the mall, an entirely new wing was built; the original mall footprint had stopped just to the east of the center court area. The area to the southeast of the [[Mervyn's]] had been a [[parking lot]]. A new wing opened in 1991 and added over 400,000 sq ft to the mall, over 70 new stores, and a sixth anchor, Houston-based [[Foley's]]. In 1993, the [[food court]] was renewed with the addition of a carousel and Arizona Avenue. [[Sun Tran]]'s Tohono Tadai Transit Center, located adjacent to the Mall, was opened in 1994.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Role of Transit in Creating Livable Metropolitan Communities|url=https://archive.org/details/roleoftransitinc0000unse|date=1997-01-01|publisher=Transportation Research Board|isbn=9780309060578|pages=[https://archive.org/details/roleoftransitinc0000unse/page/n92 71]–73|chapter=Tohono Tadai Transit Center}}</ref> In 1996, [[The Broadway]] was changed to a [[Macy's]] after [[Federated Department Stores]] acquired [[Broadway]]. In 1997, all of [[Foley's]] locations in Arizona were rebranded as the Los Angeles–based [[Robinsons-May.]] In 2001, General Growth Properties purchased Tucson Mall.<ref>{{Cite news|last=News|first=Bloomberg|date=2001-08-17|title=Mall in Tucson Is Sold|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/17/business/mall-in-tucson-is-sold.html|access-date=2025-03-21|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2003, the aging mall underwent a $15 million renewal, which was the first major renewal since it opened in 1982. The mall was given all new polished tile floors, glass railings on the upper level, new escalators and elevators where stairs had been, a new children’s play area, new and refurbished restrooms, reworked food court and Arizona Avenue, changes to fountains and a new paint scheme. In 2006, the [[Robinsons-May]] store was changed to a [[Macy's]] after [[Macy's]] acquired them in a corporate purchase. The existing [[Macy's]] on the south side of the mall was vacated. In 2007, the former Macy's store was destroyed in preparation for an extensive remodel and addition on the south side of the mall. The changes include the addition of a grand entrance hall in the location of the old anchor, extension of stores on both the east and west side of the new entrance, addition of multiple water features, complete update of facade from current [[Macy's]] to Mall Security Offices, and the addition of [[REI]] and [[The Cheesecake Factory|The Cheesecake Factor]]<nowiki/>y on the south side of the Tucson Mall. A parking structure was also added next to the current [[Macy's]]. In 2008, [[GameStop]], formerly an [[Electronics Boutique]], in the bottom floor was relocated to the center as a Software ETC on the top floor, also owned by [[GameStop|Gamestop]], hyped a bigger, better [[GameStop|Gamestop]], this larger center one being the result. [[Mervyn's]] closed their store with the chain's decline. In 2009, [[Forever 21]] opened in the approximately 80,000-square-foot (7,400 m²) space formerly anchored by [[Mervyn's]] as part of its strategy to open larger stores with a more diverse merchandise selection. == Recent Buzz == On February 6, 2020, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 31 stores nationwide. The store closed in April 2020. Around Early 2024, Forever 21 Moved their Stores location leaving the location vacant for a bit. == References and citations == <references /> * http://www.propertyshark.com/mason/Property/70402857/4550-N-Oracle-Rd-Tucson-AZ-85705/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}} * https://www.pinterest.com/pin/364017582377940027/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/1996/12/09/225137-street-talk/ * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2006/05/24/13537-federated-to-sell-macy-s-in-tucson-mall/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2009/03/16/112220-forever-21-takes-over-tucson-mall-mervyn-s-space/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2007/10/30/67220-demolition-begins-at-tucson-mall-s-macy-s/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/2002/04/12/14660-tucson-mall-getting-new-look/{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<nowiki/>' * https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/17/business/mall-in-tucson-is-sold.html == Other websites == * https://www.tucsonmall.com/en.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114113057/https://www.tucsonmall.com/en.html |date=2024-01-14 }} * [https://www.google.com/maps/place/4500+N+Oracle+Rd,+Tucson+Mall,+Tucson,+AZ+85705/@32.2886593,-110.9741615,710m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x86d673bfe7a942df:0x37447e247a3c5d86?hl=en Aerial View] * [https://www.historicaerials.com/viewer Historical Aerial View] {{DEFAULTSORT:The Tucson Mall}} [[Category:Malls]] [[Category:Buildings and structures in Arizona]] [[Category:Tucson, Arizona]] [[Category:Malls In Arizona]] 008mi93ixuow7yqy2cuwzes4jcedbpn 1 1177745 10882944 10880033 2026-06-10T05:29:26Z ~2026-34145-31 1819480 /* 100302 */ new section 10882944 wikitext text/x-wiki Please give me notes of this chapter<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-22871-45|~2026-22871-45]] ([[User talk:~2026-22871-45#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-22871-45|contribs]]) 14:46, 13 April 2026 (UTC)</small> == Two-dimensional matrix barcode == "Two dimensional matrix barcode" as said in the opening sentence doesn't strike me as 'simple'... [[User:Kye.russell|Kye.russell]] ([[User talk:Kye.russell|talk]]) 06:28, 1 September 2025 (UTC) == PCQ0155127 == voter id [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33419-98|&#126;2026-33419-98]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33419-98|talk]]) 01:40, 6 June 2026 (UTC) == 100302 == N BillAl ClNY [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34145-31|&#126;2026-34145-31]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34145-31|talk]]) 05:29, 10 June 2026 (UTC) iv400iscmzdhr6b7qoha6zb6dlyield 10882967 10882944 2026-06-10T06:42:18Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34145-31|~2026-34145-31]] ([[User talk:~2026-34145-31|talk]]) to last version by ~2026-33419-98 10880033 wikitext text/x-wiki Please give me notes of this chapter<!-- Template:Unsigned --><small class="autosigned">—&nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:~2026-22871-45|~2026-22871-45]] ([[User talk:~2026-22871-45#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/~2026-22871-45|contribs]]) 14:46, 13 April 2026 (UTC)</small> == Two-dimensional matrix barcode == "Two dimensional matrix barcode" as said in the opening sentence doesn't strike me as 'simple'... [[User:Kye.russell|Kye.russell]] ([[User talk:Kye.russell|talk]]) 06:28, 1 September 2025 (UTC) == PCQ0155127 == voter id [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33419-98|&#126;2026-33419-98]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33419-98|talk]]) 01:40, 6 June 2026 (UTC) jj9b5s09nibxiq5zybpgyy294vgbiqo 0 1178307 10882813 10161150 2026-06-10T01:20:19Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Steve Hilton | image = Steve Hilton 2015.jpg | image_size = | caption = Hilton in 2015 | birth_name = Stephen Glenn Charles Hilton | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1969|08|25}} | birth_place = [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]], [[London]], England | citizenship = {{hlist|English American}} | alma_mater = [[New College, Oxford]] | party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rachel Whetstone]]|2008}} | children = 2 | father = [[István Csák]] | employer = | occupation = [[Pundit|Political commentator]] }} '''Stephen Glenn Charles Hilton''' (born 25 August 1969)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=XIvLrNzwHvdb6AyGp34Lvw&scan=1|title=Index entry|access-date=10 November 2021|work=FreeBMD|publisher=ONS}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/3124238/Steve-Hilton-The-unseen-author-of-David-Camerons-bid-for-No-10.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003101525/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/3124238/Steve-Hilton-The-unseen-author-of-David-Camerons-bid-for-No-10.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 October 2008|title=Steve Hilton: The unseen author of David Cameron's bid for No 10 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=2 October 2008|access-date=7 January 2010 |location=London}}</ref> is an English and American political commentator, former political adviser, and contributor for [[Fox News Channel]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Steve Hilton: Why a second Trump term is so important |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0TLQtRP5no |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/y0TLQtRP5no |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|website=www.youtube.com | date=22 June 2020 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He is the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[governor of California]] in the [[2026 California gubernatorial election|2026 election]]. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hilton, Steve}} [[Category:1969 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Republican Party (United States) politicians]] p1tp4natl5s91pnx6pi6kz9euos6w8a 0 1180912 10882721 10799637 2026-06-09T22:54:39Z ~2026-34111-52 1819363 10882721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Reality]] | creator = Natalie Nunn | inspired_by = * [[Bad Girls Club]] * Baddies | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 32 | executive_producer = * Natalie Nunn * Lemuel Plummer * Tameka Stevenson * Jonathan Wright * Jason L. Tolbert * Mark Sheibal * Darryl Farmer | location = * Los Angeles (season 1) * Texas (season 2) | camera = Multi-camera | runtime = 40-60 minutes | network = Zeus Network | first_aired = March 20, 2022 - present | last_aired = | related = Baddies (TV series) }} '''''Bad Boys''''' is a [[reality television]] series that premiered on March 20, 2022, on the [[Zeus Network]]. It is a spin-off to the Zeus series ''[[Baddies (TV series)|Baddies]],'' which itself is inspired by the former [[Oxygen (TV channel)|Oxygen]] series ''[[The Bad Girls Club|Bad Girls Club]]. Bad Boys'' is executive produced by Natalie Nunn and has aired on 2 seasons. In January 2026, the Zeus Network will release for the next season is coming soon. The third season was released in May 3, 2026. == Series overview == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Season ! rowspan="2" |Episodes ! colspan="2" |Originally released |- !First released !Last released |- |1 |12 |March 20, 2022 |June 5, 2022 |- |2 |14 |April 23, 2023 |July 23, 2023 |- |3 |6 |May 3, 2026 |TBA |} === Timeline of cast members === {| class="wikitable" |+Main cast members ! rowspan="2" |Cast member ! colspan="3" |Seasons |- !1 !2 !3 |- |Andrew Caldwell |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Milan Christopher |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Kerrion Franklin | colspan="2" |Main | |- |Curtis Golden |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Anthony Hernandez | colspan="2" |Main | |- |Kabraun “Gutta K” Stone |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Maurice “Moolah Moe” Sinkler |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Durell “Relly B” Smylie | colspan="2" |Main | |- |Rio Skot |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Jonathan Wright | colspan="2" |Main | |- |William the Baddest |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Dylan Woods |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Big Lue | |Main | |- |Raz B | |Main | |- |Andre “Ahrah Banga” Brown Jr. | |Main | |- |[[Orlando Brown]] | |Main | |- |Devon “Chef Dee” Bussell | |Main | |- |Mocity Jaybee | |Main | |- |Prince Michael | |Main | |- |Adonis | |Main | |- |Jameson “Island Boi” Strachan | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Jayda Targaryen | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Kori Samaad | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Anthony “Alpha Ant” Haynes | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Miguel “Check The Star” Garcia | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Landon “Timothy Legone” Frost | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Shoddy | colspan="2" | |Main |- |John The Don | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Seis “Tremayne Isaiah” Blu | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Big Noel | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Poodie “Dejuan Minnie” Tang | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Myles “Cozy” Kholby | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Pariz Motton | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Tyleel “Lynx” Lang | colspan="2" | |Main |- | colspan="4" |'''Supporting cast members''' |- |Natalie Nunn | colspan="2" |Guest | |} [[Category:2020s American reality television series]] [[Category:2022 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2023 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American reality television series]] r5ybp45dklf1xh4vvcgtq4iwkb1z0ij 10882723 10882721 2026-06-09T22:57:18Z ~2026-34111-52 1819363 /* Timeline of cast members */ 10882723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | genre = [[Reality]] | creator = Natalie Nunn | inspired_by = * [[Bad Girls Club]] * Baddies | country = United States | language = English | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 32 | executive_producer = * Natalie Nunn * Lemuel Plummer * Tameka Stevenson * Jonathan Wright * Jason L. Tolbert * Mark Sheibal * Darryl Farmer | location = * Los Angeles (season 1) * Texas (season 2) | camera = Multi-camera | runtime = 40-60 minutes | network = Zeus Network | first_aired = March 20, 2022 - present | last_aired = | related = Baddies (TV series) }} '''''Bad Boys''''' is a [[reality television]] series that premiered on March 20, 2022, on the [[Zeus Network]]. It is a spin-off to the Zeus series ''[[Baddies (TV series)|Baddies]],'' which itself is inspired by the former [[Oxygen (TV channel)|Oxygen]] series ''[[The Bad Girls Club|Bad Girls Club]]. Bad Boys'' is executive produced by Natalie Nunn and has aired on 2 seasons. In January 2026, the Zeus Network will release for the next season is coming soon. The third season was released in May 3, 2026. == Series overview == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Season ! rowspan="2" |Episodes ! colspan="2" |Originally released |- !First released !Last released |- |1 |12 |March 20, 2022 |June 5, 2022 |- |2 |14 |April 23, 2023 |July 23, 2023 |- |3 |6 |May 3, 2026 |TBA |} === Timeline of cast members === {| class="wikitable" |+Main cast members ! rowspan="2" |Cast member ! colspan="3" |Seasons |- !1 !2 !3 |- |Andrew Caldwell |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Milan Christopher |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Kerrion Franklin | colspan="2" |Main | |- |Curtis Golden |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Anthony Hernandez | colspan="2" |Main | |- |Kabraun “Gutta K” Stone |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Maurice “Moolah Moe” Sinkler |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Durell “Relly B” Smylie | colspan="2" |Main | |- |Rio Skot |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Jonathan Wright | colspan="2" |Main | |- |William the Baddest |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Dylan Woods |Main | colspan="2" | |- |Big Lue | |Main | |- |Raz B | |Main | |- |Andre “Ahrah Banga” Brown Jr. | |Main |Guest |- |[[Orlando Brown]] | |Main | |- |Devon “Chef Dee” Bussell | |Main | |- |Mocity Jaybee | |Main | |- |Prince Michael | |Main | |- |Adonis | |Main | |- |Jameson “Island Boi” Strachan | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Jayda Targaryen | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Kori Samaad | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Anthony “Alpha Ant” Haynes | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Miguel “Check The Star” Garcia | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Landon “Timothy Legone” Frost | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Shoddy | colspan="2" | |Main |- |John The Don | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Seis “Tremayne Isaiah” Blu | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Big Noel | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Poodie “Dejuan Minnie” Tang | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Myles “Cozy” Kholby | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Pariz Motton | colspan="2" | |Main |- |Tyleel “Lynx” Lang | colspan="2" | |Main |- | colspan="4" |'''Supporting cast members''' |- |Natalie Nunn | colspan="3" |Guest |} [[Category:2020s American reality television series]] [[Category:2022 American television series debuts]] [[Category:2023 American television series endings]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American reality television series]] 2ozkab8c5lfuh2dzh13bylj6oljbqpf 0 1183572 10882770 10653211 2026-06-10T00:22:30Z Shrekiolous 1818190 /* School */ added source for upcoming notable article up. 10882770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=June 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2025}} [[File:Weldon, California SR 178 sign 2016-08-13.jpg|right|200x200px]] '''Weldon''' is a [[census-designated place]] near northeast through [[Lake Isabella, California]]. At the [[2020 United States census]], 2,303 people lived here.<ref name=CGN>{{California's Geographic Names|1125}}</ref> ==School== Founded on March 26, 1921, the schools impacted by South Fork Union School District aimed at preschool to 8th grade, which was mascoted ''Mustangs''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Fork Union School District|url=https://www.southforkschool.org/|access-date=June 10, 2026|website=www.southforkschool.org|language=en}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{Kern County, California}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Census-designated places in Kern County, California]] [[Category:Kern River Valley]] b8f4rjxp5872tlzdk9rr8tq07lzk20j 0 1184410 10882401 10530035 2026-06-09T15:37:04Z Zabro29 1474159 /* */ New info 10882401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{No sources|date=April 2025}} {{Infobox video game | alt = | developer = [[Nintendo]]<!-- Beyond reasonable doubt to be developed by a division of Nintendo. While reported to be EPD in reliable sources, it is unconfirmed at the moment. --> | publisher = Nintendo | series = ''[[Donkey Kong]]'' | platforms = [[Nintendo Switch 2]] | genre = [[Platformer|Platform]], [[Action-adventure game|action-adventure]] | modes = [[Single-player]] | released = July 17, 2025 | title = Donkey Kong Bananza }} '''''Donkey Kong Bananza''''' is a game made by [[Nintendo]] for the [[Nintendo Switch 2]]. The player plays as the main character [[Donkey Kong]]. The game features [[Environment|environments]] where the player can destroy the world around them using Donkey Kong. The game is the first [[Video game graphics#3D|3D game]] in the ''[[Donkey Kong (series)|Donkey Kong]]'' series since ''[[Donkey Kong 64]]''. == DLC == [[DLC|Downloadable content]], also known as DLC (a part of the game that you have to pay extra money to play), was created for Donkey Kong Bananza. It features a DK Island map that is based on older games in the ''[[Donkey Kong (series)|Donkey Kong]]'' series, and a game mode called Emerald Rush.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Plant|first=Logan|date=2025-09-17|title=Donkey Kong Bananza: DK Island and Emerald Rush Review|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/donkey-kong-bananza-dk-island-and-emerald-rush-review|access-date=2025-09-23|website=IGN|language=en}}</ref> On June 9, 2026, an event called “DK Challenge” was announced for [[Nintendo Switch Online]] subscribers, which has challenges from Donkey Kong Bananza. A collaboration with [[Mario (series)|Super Mario Bros.]] was also announced for Bananza’s DLC.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|date=2026-06-09|title=Nintendo Direct June 2026 — Every Major Reveal, Trailer, Announcement and Update|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/nintendo-direct-june-2026-live-updates-every-game-announcement|access-date=2026-06-09|website=IGN|language=en}}</ref> Some of the music from the game is on the [[Nintendo Music]] app. == Other websites == * {{official|https://www.nintendo.com/us/gaming-systems/switch-2/featured-games/donkey-kong-bananza/}} * [https://www.nintendo.com/jp/games/switch2/aaaca/index.html Official Japanese website] {{in lang|ja}} {{Template:Donkey Kong series}} [[Category:Video games developed in Japan]] [[Category:Single-player video games]] [[Category:3D platformers]] [[Category:Action-adventure games]] [[Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch 2-only games]] 7rmsxe9yicpiqgh40nqkw3o07deot1w 10882404 10882401 2026-06-09T15:39:03Z Zabro29 1474159 /* */ Removed no sources box 10882404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | alt = | developer = [[Nintendo]]<!-- Beyond reasonable doubt to be developed by a division of Nintendo. While reported to be EPD in reliable sources, it is unconfirmed at the moment. --> | publisher = Nintendo | series = ''[[Donkey Kong]]'' | platforms = [[Nintendo Switch 2]] | genre = [[Platformer|Platform]], [[Action-adventure game|action-adventure]] | modes = [[Single-player]] | released = July 17, 2025 | title = Donkey Kong Bananza }} '''''Donkey Kong Bananza''''' is a game made by [[Nintendo]] for the [[Nintendo Switch 2]]. The player plays as the main character [[Donkey Kong]]. The game features [[Environment|environments]] where the player can destroy the world around them using Donkey Kong. The game is the first [[Video game graphics#3D|3D game]] in the ''[[Donkey Kong (series)|Donkey Kong]]'' series since ''[[Donkey Kong 64]]''. == After release and DLC == [[DLC|Downloadable content]], also known as DLC (a part of the game that you have to pay extra money to play), was created for Donkey Kong Bananza. It features a DK Island map that is based on older games in the ''[[Donkey Kong (series)|Donkey Kong]]'' series, and a game mode called Emerald Rush.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Plant|first=Logan|date=2025-09-17|title=Donkey Kong Bananza: DK Island and Emerald Rush Review|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/donkey-kong-bananza-dk-island-and-emerald-rush-review|access-date=2025-09-23|website=IGN|language=en}}</ref> On June 9, 2026, an event called “DK Challenge” was announced for [[Nintendo Switch Online]] subscribers, which has challenges from Donkey Kong Bananza. A collaboration with [[Mario (series)|Super Mario Bros.]] was also announced for Bananza’s DLC.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|date=2026-06-09|title=Nintendo Direct June 2026 — Every Major Reveal, Trailer, Announcement and Update|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/nintendo-direct-june-2026-live-updates-every-game-announcement|access-date=2026-06-09|website=IGN|language=en}}</ref> Some of the music from the game is on the [[Nintendo Music]] app. == Other websites == * {{official|https://www.nintendo.com/us/gaming-systems/switch-2/featured-games/donkey-kong-bananza/}} * [https://www.nintendo.com/jp/games/switch2/aaaca/index.html Official Japanese website] {{in lang|ja}} {{Template:Donkey Kong series}} [[Category:Video games developed in Japan]] [[Category:Single-player video games]] [[Category:3D platformers]] [[Category:Action-adventure games]] [[Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch 2-only games]] eu6kf221zx59zd4z8rleasgjf2hjoi5 0 1185068 10882768 10880816 2026-06-10T00:21:17Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|text=the 1943-1951 movie company [[Vanguard Productions]]}} {{Infobox company | name = Vanguard Films & Animation | logo = | logo_size = | type = [[Privately held company|Private]] | industry = [[Computer animation]]<br />[[VFX]]<br />[[Motion-capture]]<br />[[Animated]] | foundation = {{start date and age|2002}} | founders = [[John H. Williams (movie producer)|John H. Williams]]<br />Neil Braun | location_city = [[West Hollywood, California]] | location_country = United States | locations = 3 | key_people = John H. Williams ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]])<br />[[Gary Chapman (director)|Gary Chapman]] (Head of Prod.) | owner = | num_employees = 10 | parent = | products = | revenue = | subsid = [[Rabbit Ears Productions|Rabbit Ears Entertainment, L.L.C.]] | operating profit = | homepage = {{URL|https://vanguardanimation.com}} }} '''Vanguard Films & Animation Studio''', also known as '''Vanguard Animation''', is an independent American computer animation production studio founded in 2002 by producer [[John H. Williams (movie producer)|John H. Williams]] and Neil Braun.<ref name=Business1 /> The studio has offices in [[Vancouver, British Columbia]], [[Canada]] and [[Ealing Studios]] in [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]. [[Starz Distribution]] (then IDT Entertainment) formerly owns a minority stake in the studio. ==History== The studio was founded in 2002 by [[John H. Williams (movie producer)|John H. Williams]].<ref name=Business1 /> For its launch, it signed with [[Ealing Studios]] a four-picture deal to produce sub-$40 million computer-animated movies.<ref name=PRNewswireDisney>{{cite news|title=The Walt Disney Studios and 'Shrek' producer John Williams partner for new CG animated film output|url=http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/the-walt-disney-studios-and-shrek-producer-john-williams-partner-for-new-cg-animated-film-output-155236635.html|access-date=3 May 2013|newspaper=PR Newswire|date=5 September 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Walt Disney Studios and 'Shrek' Producer John Williams Partner For New CG Animated Film Output.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Walt+Disney+Studios+and+%27Shrek%27+Producer+John+Williams+Partner...-a091079919|access-date=3 May 2013|newspaper=The Free Library|date=5 September 2002|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305020300/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Walt+Disney+Studios+and+%27Shrek%27+Producer+John+Williams+Partner...-a091079919|url-status=dead}}</ref> The following year in July 2003, Vanguard sold a minority stake to [[IDT Corporation]] and partnered with its animation unit, Digital Production Solutions, to co-produce and co-own all Vanguard's properties,<ref name=Business1>{{cite news|title=IDT Media's Digital Production Solutions -DPS- Signs Joint Venture and Partnership Agreement with Vanguard Animation; DPS Also Gets First Look Rights on all Vanguard Animation Work|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20030722005152/en/IDT-Medias-Digital-Production-Solutions--DPS--Signs|access-date=April 20, 2012|newspaper=Business Wire|date=July 22, 2003}}</ref><ref name=VarietyIDT>{{cite news|last=Bloom|first=David|title=Vanguard sells stake, inks IDT co-prod'n deal|url=https://variety.com/2003/film/news/vanguard-sells-stake-inks-idt-co-prod-n-deal-1117889715/|access-date=May 4, 2013|newspaper=Variety|date=July 22, 2003}}</ref> including ''[[Valiant (film)|Valiant]]'' (2005) produced for [[Disney]].<ref name=PRNewswireDisney /> The company was part of the then-new "pipeline-free" trend (reported by ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' in 2006<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Debruge |first1=Peter |title=Cutting Corners: Indie-Style Producers Do without Pipelines |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=June 2, 2008}}</ref>) in animation production, where the companies didn't keep the talent on payroll and instead were "establishing a team from scratch to execute each feature", allowing them to secure tax breaks from the governments. For example, the feature "[[Valiant (film)|Valiant]]" was produced in the UK in order to collect the tax incentives there. With UK incentives ending, the production (for "[[Space Chimps]]") moved to Canada ([[Vancouver]]).{{sfn|Bernardi|Hoxter|2017|p=160}} ==Filmography== ===Feature films=== {|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;" |- ! scope="col" width=10 | # !! scope="col" width=400 | Title !! scope="col" width=100 | Release date !! scope="col" width=75 | Gross !! scope="col" width=50 | [[Rotten Tomatoes]] !! scope="col" width=50 | [[Metacritic]] |- | align="left" | 1 || align="left" | ''[[Valiant (film)|Valiant]]'' || {{dts|2005|8|19}} (US) || $61,746,888 || 32% || 45% |- | align="left" | 2 || align="left" | ''[[Happily N'Ever After]]'' || {{dts|2007|01|05}} (US) || $38,085,778 || 6% || 28% |- | align="left" | 3 || align="left" | ''[[Space Chimps]]'' || {{dts|2008|07|18}} || $64,834,964 || 33% || 36% |- | align="left" | 4 || align="left" | ''[[Space Chimps 2: Zartog Strikes Back]]'' (DTV) || {{dts|2010|05|28}} || $4,124,518 || 0% || {{n/a}} |- | align="left" | 5 || align="left" | ''[[Get Squirrely]]'' || {{dts|2016|11|04}} || $1,224,520<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?page=&country=UK&id=_fGETSQUIRRELYANI01|title=Get Squirrely|work=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=May 29, 2018}}</ref> || 34% || {{n/a}} |- | align="left" | 6 || align="left" | ''[[Gnome Alone]]'' || {{dts|2017|11|2}} || $10,800,715<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt5851786/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|title=Gnome Alone (2017) |access-date=August 29, 2019}}</ref> || 44% || {{n/a}} |- | align="left" | 7 || align="left" | ''[[Charming (movie)|Charming]]'' || {{dts|2018|04|20}} || $8,751,856<ref>{{cite web |title=Charming (2018)|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3806364673/weekend/|website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 29, 2019}}</ref> || 24% || {{n/a}} |- | align="left" | 8 || align="left" | ''[[Trouble (2019 movie)|Trouble]]'' || {{dts|2019|08|08}} || $11,942,158<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt6772524/?ref_=bo_se_r_1|title=Trouble (2019) |access-date= October 29, 2019}}</ref> || 36% || {{n/a}} |- | align="left" | 9 || align="left" | ''[[Fearless (2020 movie)|Fearless]]'' ||{{dts|2020|08|14}} || {{n/a}} || 49% || {{n/a}} |- | align="left" | 10 || align="left" | ''[[Rally Road Racers]]'' ||{{dts|2023|05|12}} || $2,790,163 || 73% || {{n/a}} |- |} ===Short films=== * ''Frank Was a Monster Who Wanted to Dance''<ref>{{cite web|title=Frank Was a Monster Who Wanted to Dance (2001)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0302577/|publisher=IMDb|access-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref> ===Unproduced projects=== * ''Citizen Siege'' - A science fiction thriller animated film that was to be co-produced by Vanguard and video game developer [[Oddworld Inhabitants]].<ref name=Oddworld>{{Cite web|url=http://oddworldlibrary.net/toe/Citizen_Siege|title=Citizen Siege - the Oddworld Encyclopædia|access-date=2026-06-07|archive-date=2021-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927200025/https://oddworldlibrary.net/toe/Citizen_Siege|url-status=dead}}</ref> The plot involves an expatriate who returns home to find that he has been repossessed, in a shady underhive-like world where a corporate government rules the continent.<ref name=Joystik>{{Cite web|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2006/10/30/citizen-siege-oddworld-studios-new-game-and-cg-film-project/|title = Video Game News & Reviews}}</ref> The movie was originally scheduled to release in 2009, but the date was pushed back to an unknown date. As of 2019, there have been no recent developments regarding the film's production. *''Alien Rock Band''<ref name="alien">{{Cite press release | title = Panda's Stevenson Joins Vanguard's Alien Rock Band | publisher = [[Animation World Network]] | date = 2010-11-08 | url = http://www.awn.com/news/people/pandas-stevenson-joins-vanguards-alien-rock-band | accessdate = February 7, 2022}}</ref> *''Rotten Island''<ref name="alien" /> *''Buzby''<ref name="alien" /> *''City of Dragons''<ref name="alien" /> *''Atomic Circus''<ref name="alien" /> *''Oz Wars''<ref>{{Cite press release | title = Mike Johnson to Helm Animated Oz Wars | publisher = [[ComingSoon.net]] | date = 2010-12-15 | url = http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=72433 | accessdate = February 7, 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *''[[Ribbit (movie)|Ribbit]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Ribbit ~ Gary Chapman ~ Vanguard Animation|url=http://anination.free.fr/film.php?film=ribbit|access-date=2026-06-07|archive-date=2017-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701021100/http://anination.free.fr/film.php?film=ribbit|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[The Twits (movie)|''The Twits'']] *''[[Galaxy High]]''<ref name="Galaxy">{{cite web|url= https://deadline.com/2011/05/vanguard-makes-three-picture-deal-with-authorscribe-ross-venokur-130141/|publisher=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]|accessdate=February 7, 2022|title=Vanguard Makes Three-Picture Deal With Author/Scribe Ross Venokur|date=May 10, 2011|author=Mike Fleming}}</ref> *''The Gnome King''<ref name="Galaxy"/> ==See also== * [[List of computer-animated films]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book|last1=Bernardi|first1=D.|last2=Hoxter|first2=J.|title=Off the Page: Screenwriting in the Era of Media Convergence|publisher=University of California Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-520-96104-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LMuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA160|chapter=New Markets and Microbudgets: "Independent" Storytellers|pages=139–181|access-date=2024-12-14}} ==External links== * {{Official website|https://vanguardanimation.com}} {{Vanguard Animation}} {{Animation industry in the United States}} {{West Hollywood, California}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Vanguard Animation| ]] [[Category:2002 establishments in California]] [[Category:American animation studios]] [[Category:American companies established in 2002]] [[Category:Companies based in West Hollywood, California]] [[Category:Entertainment companies established in 2002]] [[Category:Movie production companies based in California]] {{stub}} 2uuj3axtpu9fyi7uxav0y3hu86dqr2n 0 1186207 10882800 10696522 2026-06-10T01:03:44Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Venkata Satish Kilaru | image = Producer Venkata Satish Kilaru.jpg | birth_date = 18 May | birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India | occupation = {{hlist|[[Film producer]]|[[Entrepreneur]]}} }} '''Venkata Satish Kilaru''' (born 18 May) is an Indian [[film producer]] and [[entrepreneur]] who works primarily in [[Telugu cinema]]. He made his production debut with the Telugu-language film ''Peddi'', starring [[Ram Charan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telanganatoday.com/makers-of-ram-charans-peddi-promise-epic-film-after-overwhelming-response-to-first-glimpse|title=Makers of Ram Charan’s ‘Peddi’ promise epic film after overwhelming response to first glimpse|website=Telangana Today|date=9 April 2025|access-date=25 December 2025}}</ref> == Career == Satish is an Indian businessman from [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is the owner of Vriddhi Infratech, a company in the infrastructure sector.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.m9.news/politics/it-raids-on-rc16-producer-venkata-satish-kilaru-their-infra-business/|title=IT Raids On RC16 Producer & Their Infra Business!|first=Sridhar|last=Raavi|date=January 21, 2025|website=M9.news}}</ref> In 2024, he founded the [[film production|film production company]] Vriddhi Cinemas LLP and producing the debut film ''Peddi'', starring [[Ram Charan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefilmnagar.com/global-star-ram-charans-next-film-with-vriddhi-cinemas/|title=Global Star Ram Charan’s Next Film with Vriddhi Cinemas|date=April 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-and-rc16-producer-celebrates-buchi-babu-sanas-birthday--news-362122 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2025-05-05 |archive-date=2025-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505065612/https://www.indiaglitz.com/ram-charan-and-rc16-producer-celebrates-buchi-babu-sanas-birthday--news-362122 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His upcoming film with Nandamuri Balakrishna directed by Gopichand Mallineni announced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.tupaki.com/entertainment/nbk111-mass-action-historical-movie-1430884|title=NBK's massive historical with Gopichand Malineni and Satish Kilaru! &#124; NBK's massive historical with Gopichand Malineni and Satish Kilaru!|first=Tupaki|last=Desk|date=June 8, 2025|website=english.tupaki.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/nbk-malineni-satish-kilaru-for-a-historical-film-146803|title=NBK, Malineni, Satish Kilaru For A Historical Film|first=Venkat|last=Arikatla|date=June 8, 2025|website=greatandhra.com|access-date=June 8, 2025|archive-date=August 29, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829161317/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/nbk-malineni-satish-kilaru-for-a-historical-film-146803|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="text-align:center; background:#b0c4de;" | Year ! style="text-align:center; background:#b0c4de;" | Film ! style="text-align:center; background:#b0c4de;" | Director ! style="text-align:center; background:#b0c4de;" | Notes ! style="text-align:center; background:#b0c4de;" | Ref. |- |2026 |{{pending film|Peddi}} |Buchi Babu Sana |Debut film |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ntvtelugu.com/movie-news/cinema-news/rc16-producer-venkata-satish-kilaru-and-team-celebrated-the-birthday-of-director-buchi-babu-sana-756780.html|title=Buchibabu: బుచ్చిబాబుతో కేక్ కట్ చేయించిన RC16 నిర్మాత!|first=ntv|last=Telugu|date=February 15, 2025|website=NTV Telugu}}</ref> |- |{{TBA}} |{{pending film|NBK111}} |Gopichand Malineni |Announced |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telugu360.com/nbk-gopichand-malineni-venkata-satish-kilaru/|title=NBK - Gopi Malineni - Venkata Satish Kilaru|date=April 7, 2025}}</ref> |- |} == References == <references /> ==Other websites== *{{IMDb name|nm12984430}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kilaru, Venkata Satish}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian movie producers]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:People from Telangana]] dsmn99gs5rqzn76od5b6u3f2xixwjmt 0 1186686 10882680 10878746 2026-06-09T21:35:58Z ~2026-34145-84 1819330 /* */ 10882680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge from|Rawalpindi Drone Attack 2025}} {{complex}} {{Infobox military conflict|main | conflict = 2025 India–Pakistan conflict | width = | partof = [[India–Pakistan wars and conflicts]], [[2025 India–Pakistan standoff]] and [[Kashmir conflict]] | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | date = 7–10 May 2025 {{nwr|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=7|year1=2025|month2=5|day2=10|year2=2025|duration=yes}})}} | place = {{hlist|[[India]]|[[Pakistan]]}} | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = | result = Ceasefire | status = | combatants_header = | combatant1 = {{flag|India}} | combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan}} | units1 = [[Indian Armed Forces]] * {{army|India}} * {{air force|India}} | units2 = [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] * {{army|Pakistan}} * {{air force|Pakistan}} | units3 = | combatant3 = | commander1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>[[Narendra Modi]]<br>[[Rajnath Singh]] | commander2 = [[Asif Ali Zardari]]<br>[[Shehbaz Sharif]]<br>[[Khawaja Asif]] | commander3 = | strength1 = 72 aircraft | strength2 = 42 aircraft | strength3 = }} The '''2025''' '''India–Pakistan war''' was a [[War|armed conflict]] between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] that began on 7 May 2025, after India launched missile strikes on Pakistan, in a military operation codenamed '''Operation Sindoor'''.{{efn|[[Sindoor]] is a reddish pigment used by Hindu women on their foreheads to indicate their married status.<ref>{{cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Vasudha |title=Tilaka and Other Forehead Marks |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/*-COM_9000000187 |work=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114134147/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/*-COM_9000000187 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was due to Hindu men being selectively targeted in the earlier Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why PM Modi named India's military strikes in Pakistan, PoK as Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-pm-modi-name-india-military-strikes-pakistan-pok-13886203.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=PM Modi chose codename 'Operation Sindoor' for India's response to Pahalgam |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507050428/https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This was due to Hindu men being selectively targeted in the earlier Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why PM Modi named India's military strikes in Pakistan, PoK as Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-pm-modi-name-india-military-strikes-pakistan-pok-13886203.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=PM Modi chose codename 'Operation Sindoor' for India's response to Pahalgam |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507050428/https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|name=sind}} India said that the operation was in response to the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam terrorist attack]] in Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] on 22 April 2025 in which 26 civilians were killed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pahalgam terror attack: A tribute to the victims |url=https://www.thehindu.com/infographics/2025-04-24/pahalgam-terror-attack-victims-tribute/index.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=23 April 2025 |title=Full list of names of Pahalgam terror attack victims: 26 people, all men, killed in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pahalgam-terror-attack-victims-26-people-all-men-killed-in-jammu-and-kashmir-11745403061030.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |work=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2025 |title=26 dead, several injured in terror attack on tourists in J&K's Pahalgam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tourists-injured-terror-attack-jk-pahalgam-9958887/ |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> India accused Pakistan of supporting cross-border terrorism, which Pakistan denied. No signal country accepted that Pakistan did the Phalgam Attack . On 7 May, India launched '''Operation Sindoor''' with missile strikes on terrorist camps of [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba|Laskhar-e-Taiba]] in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered [[Azad Kashmir]], and said that no Pakistani military or civilian facilities were targeted.<ref name="us_dia_report">{{cite web |title=2025 Worldwide Threat Assessment (Defense Intelligence Agency) |url=https://armedservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2025_dia_statement_for_the_record.pdf |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=[[United States House Committee on Armed Services]]}}</ref><ref name="JammuKashmir6May" /> According to Pakistan, the Indian strikes hit civilian sites. Pakistan's army retaliated on 7 May, by launching a mortor shells on Poonch.<ref name="Independent_twins">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=Twins, 12, among those dead in Pakistani shelling in Poonch: 'Paying with our blood' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/poonch-attack-india-pakistan-kashmir-strikes-operation-sindoor-b2747115.html |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Following days India and Pakistan exchange drone attacks. This conflict marked the first drone battle between the two nuclear-armed nations.<ref name="BBC_firstdronewar" /> after Indian operation Pakistan started it's operation and downed multiple Indian jets and destroyed multiple Indian bases and won the clash According to Pakistan. In the early hours of 10 May, India accused Pakistan of launching missile attacks on Indian air bases<ref name="Guardian 10 May">{{cite news |first1=Hannah |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first2=Shah Meer |last2=Baloch |title=India and Pakistan accuse each other of cross-border attacks on military bases |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/09/pakistan-accuses-india-targeting-three-military-bases-tensions-escalate}}</ref> while Pakistan accused India of launching attacks on several Pakistan air bases,<ref name="Guardian 10 May"/><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.dawn.com/news/1910186|title=Pakistan rattles India with firm response as patience runs out|work=Dawn|quote= Pakistan launched strikes early Saturday morning targeting military installations in India and India-held Kashmir. The strikes were launched under operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos at 5:16am.}}</ref> As conflict escalated on 10 May, Pakistan launched its '''Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos''',{{efn|name=marsoos|''Bunyan-un-Marsoos''<ref name="a616">{{cite web | title=India and Pakistan agree ceasefire: What does it mean? | website=Al Jazeera | date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/10/india-and-pakistan-agree-ceasefire-what-does-it-mean | access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> is an [[Arabic]] term meaning "Unbreakable Wall". The operation's name is derived from a [[Ayat|verse]] in the Quran, etched in the mihrab of the attacked mosque in [[Muzaffarabad]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunyan-un-Marsoos: Name came from mosque destroyed in Indian attack|date=12 May 2025|website=Aaj TV|url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330416046/bunyan-un-marsoos-name-came-from-mosque-destroyed-in-indian-attack}}</ref> It states: {{Cite Quran|61|4|translator=s|q=Surely Allah loves those who fight in His way in ranks as if they were ''a firm and compact wall''.}})<br />The entire [[2025 India–Pakistan crisis]] was termed "Marka-i-Haq" ("The Battle of Truth") by the Pakistan military.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/live/pakistan-india-tensions#1910566 "Marka-i-Haq': Pakistan Army names period of conflict with India since April 22"]. 10 May 2025. ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''.</ref>}} in which it said it had targeted several Indian military bases.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hussain|first1=Abid|date=10 May 2025|title=Pakistan launches Operation Bunyan Marsoos: What we know so far|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/10/pakistan-launches-operation-bunyan-marsoos-what-we-know-so-far|access-date=9 May 2025|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref> which was later confirmed After the four-day military conflict, India requested for ceasefire to US and after US involvement both India and Pakistan announced that a ceasefire had been agreed after a hotline communication between their DGMOs (Directors General of Military Operations) on 10 May 2025.<ref name="TheHindu_IN_PK_agree_ceasefire" /><ref name="BBC_IN_PK_live">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=India and Pakistan accuse each other of 'violations' after ceasefire deal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cwy3jnl3nvwt |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> US Vice President [[JD Vance]] and Secretary of State [[Marco Rubio]] held extensive correspondence with both Indian and Pakistani officials during the negotiations. The ceasefire has been holding, with resumed commercial flights and normalcy reported from both countries.<ref name="NYT-May14">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2025 |title=India and Pakistan Swap Detained Soldiers as Cease-Fire Holds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/14/world/asia/india-pakistan-soldier-exchange.html |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kashmir: Four days that took India and Pakistan to the brink |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgvr4r5d2qo |website=www.bbc.com |date=18 May 2025}}</ref>US President [[Donald Trump]] claimed credit for the ceasefire between the nations. == Background == {{Further| 2025 Pahalgam attack| 2025 India–Pakistan crisis}} The [[Kashmir conflict]], ongoing since 1947, has fuelled multiple wars and skirmishes between India and Pakistan over the disputed region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|title=Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224045738/https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 April 2025, [[2025 Pahalgam attack|a terrorist attack]] by five armed terrorists near [[Pahalgam]] in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir killed 26 civilians, mostly [[Hindu]] tourists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhat |first=Danish Manzoor |date=23 April 2025 |title=Kashmir Massacre: Trump, Putin, Iran, Israel Condemn Jihadist Attack on Hindu Tourists |url=https://www.newsweek.com/kashmir-massacre-trump-putin-iran-israel-condemn-jihadist-attack-hindu-tourists-2062760 |work=[[Newsweek]] |quote="Witnesses reported the assailants shouted Islamic slogans and specifically targeted people who appeared to be Hindu." |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501211503/https://www.newsweek.com/kashmir-massacre-trump-putin-iran-israel-condemn-jihadist-attack-hindu-tourists-2062760 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 2025 |title=Indian survivors of Kashmir attack say gunmen asked if they were Hindus and opened fire |url=https://apnews.com/article/kashmir-attack-india-pakistan-victims-a5492962cd86174262cb73b85c04c51a |work=[[AP News]] |quote="Indian survivors of Kashmir attack say gunmen asked if they were Hindus and opened fire" |archive-date=4 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504002813/https://apnews.com/article/kashmir-attack-india-pakistan-victims-a5492962cd86174262cb73b85c04c51a |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Resistance Front]], a militant faction of the Pakistan-based, UN-designated terrorist group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], operating in [[Indian-administered Kashmir]],{{sfn|Chesterton|Bacon|2025}}{{sfn|Koren|Ganguly|Khanna|2021}}<ref name="bloo1">{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Sudhi Ranjan |date=18 July 2025 |title=US Declares Group Accused of Kashmir Attacks a Terror Outfit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-18/us-declares-group-accused-of-kashmir-attacks-a-terror-outfit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250718050734/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-18/us-declares-group-accused-of-kashmir-attacks-a-terror-outfit |archive-date=18 July 2025 |access-date=18 July 2025 |agency=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> initially claimed responsibility for the attack,<ref>{{cite news|title=Who are the armed groups India accuses Pakistan of backing?|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=9 May 2025|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/9/who-are-the-armed-groups-india-accuses-pakistan-of-backing|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> but later denied responsibility, saying that the earlier claim was the result of a coordinated hacking,<ref>{{cite news|title=Lashkar proxy, The Resistance Front, now denies its role in Pahalgam terror attack|last1=Ranjan|first1=Mukesh|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=26 April 2025|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/26/lashkar-proxy-the-resistance-front-now-denies-its-role-in-pahalgam-terror-attack|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> and attributed the breach to Indian authorities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Briefing: Indian media link TRF's Kashmir attack denial to Pakistani pressure|publisher=[[BBC Monitoring]]|date=28 April 2025|url=https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/b0003scw|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> Pakistan alleged that the Pahalgam attack was a "[[false flag operation]]" orchestrated by India.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kestler‑D'Amours|first1=Jillian|title=Kashmir updates: Pakistan claims Pahalgam attack 'false flag operation'|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=24 April 2025|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/4/24/kashmir-attack-live-india-summons-pakistani-envoy-hunts-pahalgam-gunmen|access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shehbaz hails Trump as 'man of peace'|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2549582/shehbaz-hails-trump-as-man-of-peace|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=5 June 2025|access-date=12 June 2025}}</ref> which was later confirmed by Pakistan media . India announced a series of retaliatory measures against Pakistan, including the suspension of the [[Indus Waters Treaty]], prompting responsive measures and leading to a [[2025 India–Pakistan crisis|diplomatic crisis and border skirmishes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |date=24 April 2025 |title=A tourist massacre in Kashmir is escalating tensions between India and Pakistan. Here's what we know |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/24/india/pahalgam-india-pakistan-attack-explainer-intl-hnk |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peshimam |first1=Gibran Naiyyar |last2=Greenfield |first2= Charlotte |date=5 May 2025 |title=Pakistan tests missile, India orders drills amid Kashmir standoff |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-tests-missile-amid-india-standoff-moodys-warns-economic-cost-2025-05-05/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Live: J&K Govt Officer Killed in Rajouri Shelling, Indian Army Says Pakistan's 'Blatant Escalation' Continues |url=https://thewire.in/security/live-india-pakistan-military-action |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> India and Pakistan also closed their airspaces for each other's airlines.<ref name = "Reu-Air">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2025 |title=India, Pakistan extend airspace closures for each other's airlines in tit-for-tat moves |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/pakistan-extends-airspace-ban-indian-airlines-until-june-24-2025-05-23/ |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[AirForces Monthly]]'', on 29 April, four [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) [[Rafale]] aircraft departed from [[Ambala Air Force Station]] on a mission to bomb terrorist targets in the north but aborted and diverted to [[Srinagar Air Force Station]] due to an [[electronic warfare]] jamming claimed by PAF. As described by the magazine, following this failed attack, and before 6 May, the IAF redeployed up to 20 [[Rafale]] aircraft from [[Hasimara Air Force Station]] (home of [[No. 101 Squadron IAF]] in the [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]) to [[Gwalior]], [[Ambala]], [[Srinagar]], and [[Bikaner Airport|Nal Air Force Station]] in [[Rajasthan]]. Several [[S-400 missile system]] surface-to-air missile batteries were also repositioned to [[Adampur]], [[Bhuj]], and [[Bikaner]]. During late April and early May, the IAF mobilised around 400 aircraft, with its transport fleet conducting more than 500 sorties.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> On 30 April, Pakistan said that a military strike by India was imminent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2025 |title=Pakistan claims 'credible intelligence' India is planning an imminent military strike |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c75dgz5pq2no |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |date=30 April 2025 |title=Pakistan claims it has 'credible intelligence' India will strike within 36 hours |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/29/asia/kashmir-pakistan-india-tension-military-intl-hnk |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> ==Battle == ===Operation Sindoor=== ====Initial strikes==== On 7 May 2025, India launched missile and air strikes on nine alleged "militant camps" in both Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian air strikes – how will Pakistan respond? Four key questions |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd020710v1ko|access-date=7 May 2025 |agency=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Can India and Pakistan control a new cycle of escalation? |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/05/07/can-india-and-pakistan-control-a-new-cycle-of-escalation |access-date=7 May 2025 |agency=[[The Economist]] }}</ref> Seven targets, including some in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, were hit by the Indian Army's [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|artillery regiment]], while air defence was jointly provided by the Army and the Indian Air Force.<ref>{{citation |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |title=Artillery's firepower reverberates during Operation Sindoor |newspaper=The Hindu |date=24 May 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/artillerys-firepower-reverberates-during-operation-sindoor/article69615205.ece}}</ref> The Israeli press mentioned Indo-Israeli SkyStriker loitering munitions.<ref name="Haaretz_kamikaze">{{Cite news |last=Amit |first=Hagai |title=Israeli Kamikaze Drones Take Center Stage in India-Pakistan Conflict |newspaper=Haaretz |date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/2025-05-10/ty-article/.premium/israeli-kamikaze-drones-take-center-stage-in-india-pakistan-conflict/00000196-b944-d1bb-a5d6-bff41e5b0000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Samanta |first=Pranab Dhal |date=10 July 2025 |title=India looks to US for urgent weapons after Operation Sindoor strikes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-looks-to-us-for-urgent-weapons-after-operation-sindoor-strikes/articleshow/122349623.cms |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The attacks on targets in Pakistani Punjab were carried out by the Indian Air Force. According to sources cited by ''[[India Today]]'', [[Rafale]] jets were employed, equipped with [[SCALP missile]]s and [[AASM Hammer]] bombs.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Rafale jets hit Pak terror camps with Scalp missiles, Hammer bombs: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rafale-jets-pak-terror-camps-operation-sindoor-pahalgam-attack-retaliation-2720674-2025-05-07|work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507004344/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rafale-jets-pak-terror-camps-operation-sindoor-pahalgam-attack-retaliation-2720674-2025-05-07|url-status=live }}</ref> In press releases by [[Press Information Bureau]], the Indian government claimed that during the first attacks on terror camps the Indian Air Force had "bypassed and jammed Pakistan's Chinese-supplied air defence systems" and the operation was conducted without the loss of any Indian asset.<ref name="Aatmanirbhar">{{Cite news |date=14 May 2025 |title=Operation SINDOOR: The Rise of Aatmanirbhar Innovation in National Security |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516170223/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746 |archive-date=16 May 2025 |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> The missile attack targeted locations including Subhan Allah Mosque in [[Bahawalpur]] (near [[Ahmedpur East]]) and [[Markaz-e-Taiba]] in [[Muridke]], part of the headquarters of JeM and the headquarters of LeT respectively and alleged by India to be their terrorist training camps.<ref name="BBCUrdu7May">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=انڈیا نے چھ مئی کی شب پاکستان اور اس کے زیرِ انتظام کشمیر میں کن مقامات کو نشانہ بنایا؟ |trans-title=What locations did India target in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir on the night of May 6? |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/articles/c5yly8pg7rgo|website=[[BBC Urdu]] |language=ur}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Sources mentioning headquarters:<ref name="IISS15May"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillani |first=Waqar |date=11 May 2025 |title=On ground |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/1309943-on-ground |website=[[The News International]] |language=en |quote=The strikes, described by Islamabad as unwarranted, unprovoked and a blatant violation of international boundaries without any evidence and intimation, mainly hit mosques and seminaries associated with the accused groups. ... The deadliest attacks targeted mosques and seminaries linked to Jaish-i-Muhammad once led by Masood Azhar, Jamaat-ud-Dawah once led by Hafiz Saeed and the Harkat-ul Mujahdeen. }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="TheDiplomat_Lashkar"/>|name="camps"|group=lower-alpha}} Other sites claimed to have been targeted by India included Abbas Mosque (associated with the JeM) in [[Kotli District]], Shawai Nala camp (associated with the LeT) and Syedna Bilal Mosque (associated with the JeM) in [[Muzaffarabad]],<ref name="BBCUrdu7May"/><ref name="TheDiplomat_Lashkar" /> a site in [[Gulpur]], [[Kotli District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be a LeT and HuM camp);<ref name="KashmirObserver_Sindoor">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: India Avenges Pahalgam Attack |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2025/05/07/operation-sindoor-india-avenges-pahalgam-attack/|access-date=11 June 2025 |website=[[Kashmir Observer]] |language=en-US |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Transcript7May" /><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor">{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: Not just 9, but there are 21 'well-known' terror camps in Pakistan, PoK; govt shares full list |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/operation-sindoor-full-list-of-21-well-known-terror-camps-in-pakistan-pok-shared-by-govt-11746601567104.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515061830/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/operation-sindoor-full-list-of-21-well-known-terror-camps-in-pakistan-pok-shared-by-govt-11746601567104.html |archive-date=15 May 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025 |work=[[mint (newspaper)|mint]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |author-link=Shishir Gupta |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why India attacked 9 terror camps under Operation Sindoor? Significance explained |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-india-attacked-9-terror-camps-under-operation-sindoor-significance-explained-101746587101415.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507042049/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-india-attacked-9-terror-camps-under-operation-sindoor-significance-explained-101746587101415.html |archive-date=7 May 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> Markaz [[Ahl-e-Hadith]] in [[Barnala, Azad Kashmir|Barnala]], [[Bhimber District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be associated with the LeT);<ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor" /><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor" /> a site in Mehmona Joya, [[Kotli Loharan West]], [[Sialkot District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be a HuM camp);<ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor" /><ref name="KashmirObserver_Sindoor" /><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor" /> and a site in Tera Katlan in Sarjal, [[Shakargarh Tehsil]], [[Sialkot District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be a JeM camp).<ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor" /><ref name="Transcript7May">{{Cite news |title=Transcript of Special Briefing on OPERATION SINDOOR (May 07, 2025) |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39474/Transcript_of_Special_Briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_07_2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510234544/https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39474/Transcript_of_Special_Briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_07_2025 |archive-date=10 May 2025 |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor" /><ref name="KashmirObserver_Sindoor" /> Satellite images released after launching the strikes showed the extent of damage in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Satellite images show impact on mosques and buildings in Pakistan after Indian strikes |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/satellite-images-india-pakistan-strikes-b2746940.html|access-date=8 May 2025 |agency=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> According to ''CNN'', Indian jets in past bombed Pakistani territory following militant attacks on its land but "Wednesday's operation is the deepest India attack inside its neighbor since the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Indo-Pakistan war of 1971]], the biggest of several wars between the two countries."<ref name="CNN_deepinside">{{cite news |last1=Saifi |first1=Sophia |last2=Taylor |first2=Jerome |last3=Adkin |first3=Ross |last4=Mogul |first4=Rhea |last5=Regan |first5=Helen |date=6 May 2025 |title=India strikes deep inside Pakistan, Pakistan claims 5 Indian jets shot down, in major escalation |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-conflict-hnk-intl |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Pakistan confirmed strikes on six of the sites targeted by India, denying the strikes at Barnala and Gulpur in Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, but said these were civilian areas including mosques and residential areas and were not terrorist facilities.<ref name="BBCLive6May" /><ref name="IISS15May">{{Cite web |last=Roy-Chaudhury |first=Rahul |date=15 May 2025 |title=India–Pakistan drone and missile conflict: differing and disputed narratives |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2025/05/indiapakistan-drone-and-missile-conflict-differing-and-disputed-narratives/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515193358/https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2025/05/indiapakistan-drone-and-missile-conflict-differing-and-disputed-narratives/ |archive-date=15 May 2025 |access-date=29 November 2025 }}</ref><ref name="BBCUrdu7May"/> ====Air battle==== The Indian air attacks started an air battle in which more than 114 aircraft, 72 from the IAF and 42 from the PAF, were involved in what was described as the largest [[beyond visual range]] engagement on the [[India–Pakistan border]],<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills" /> with the engagement described as one of the largest air battles since the end of [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-08 |title=India-Pakistan jets clash in one of the largest dogfights in recent history |url=https://www.newsweek.com/india-pakistan-125-jets-clash-one-largest-dogfights-recent-history-2069570 |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> According to independent assessments, at least six Indian [[fighter aircraft]] were downed during the [[dogfight]],<ref name=twq1/> though Pakistan claimed seven, including three [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]]s, one [[MiG-29]], two [[SU-30MKI]] and a [[IAI Heron|Heron]] [[unmanned aerial vehicle]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sampson|first1=Eve|title=The Indian Aircraft Pakistan Says It Shot Down|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/07/world/asia/india-pakistan-downed-aircraft.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 May 2025|access-date=26 June 2025|quote=Pakistan, for its part, claims it shot down five planes and at least one drone: three Rafale fighter jets, one MIG-29 fighter aircraft, one Su-30 fighter jet and one Heron drone.}}</ref> it is the first time that a French-origin [[Dassault Rafale]] has been lost in combat, reportedly having been shot down by the Pakistan China made JF-17 and Chinese-origin [[Chengdu J-10]].<ref name="CNNLiveMay7">{{Cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |last3=Iyer |first3=Aishwarya S. |last4=Sangal |first4=Aditi |last5=Hammond |first5=Elise |last6=Powell |first6=Tori B. |last7=Yeung |first7=Jessie |last8=Harvey |first8=Lex |last9=Radford |first9=Antoinette |date=6 May 2025 |title=May 7, 2025 India launches attacks on Pakistan after Kashmir massacre |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/india-pakistan-attack-kashmir-tourists-intl-hnk#cmadq2i4j00003b6tu7krhsys|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="USMay8" /> Pakistan's response also included the use of Chinese-produced [[PL-15]] long-range air-to-air missiles fired from Chengdu J-10 fighter and JF-17 jets, marking the first combat use of the missile. The presence of air-launched PL-15 debris at multiple sites within India was indicative that some of the downings were caused by the PAF.<ref name=twq1/> According to The US Congress Report released on 18th November 2025 confirmed that India lost 3 jets.<ref>{{cite report|date=18 November 2025|title=2025 Report to Congress|url=https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2025-11/2025_Annual_Report_to_Congress.pdf|publisher=[[U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission]]|pages=108–109|access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref> [[Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force]] [[Général d'armée aérienne]] {{ill|Jérôme Bellanger|fr}} stated that he had "seen evidence" of three aircraft being destroyed including a Rafale, a Mirage 2000 and a Russian Sukhoi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/6/french-intelligence-claims-china-trying-to-foil-global-sale-of-rafale-jets|title=French intelligence claims China trying to foil global sale of Rafale jets|quote=French air force chief General Jerome Bellanger said he has seen evidence pointing to just three aircraft losses – a Rafale, a Russian-made Sukhoi and a Mirage 2000, which is an earlier generation French-made jet.|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> [[Reuters]] reported that unnamed Indian government sources said that at least three fighter jets had crashed in India due to unknown causes.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Three fighter jets crashed in India's Jammu and Kashmir, local govt sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/three-fighter-jets-crashed-indias-jammu-kashmir-local-govt-sources-say-2025-05-07 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On 8 May, an unnamed [[United States|US]] official told Reuters that he assessed with "high confidence" that Pakistani [[Chengdu J-10|J-10]] aircraft had shot down at least six Indian fighter jets; a second official assessed one of the downed jets to be a [[Dassault Rafale]].<ref name="USMay8">{{cite news |last1=Shah |first1=Saeed |last2=Ali |first2=Idrees |date=8 May 2025 |title=Exclusive: Pakistan's Chinese-made jet brought down two Indian fighter aircraft, US officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/pakistans-chinese-made-jet-brought-down-two-indian-fighter-aircraft-us-officials-2025-05-08/|location= Islamabad/[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' later said that it had identified 3 to 6 crash sites in India from 7 May, identifying two of them as belonging to an Indian Dassault Rafale and [[Dassault Mirage 2000]] at Akalia Kalan in Bathinda and Wuyan in [[Pampore]] respectively and another site at [[Akhnoor]] (likely an Indian MiG-29).<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2025 |title=At least two Indian jets appear to have crashed during Pakistan strikes, visuals show |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/09/fighter-jets-india-pakistan-attack/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Taghvaee |first=Babak |date=July 2025 |title=A Close Call |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VwUrJ22fStQ2aACxOlTazkN8FBz1-4dj/view|magazine=[[Air Forces Monthly]] |page=33}}</ref><ref name="Clary" /> The Rafale crash in Bathinda also reportedly killed two bystanders.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How did Pakistan shoot down India’s fighter jets? |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/07/16/how-did-pakistan-shoot-down-indias-fighter-jets|access-date=2025-08-11 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brar |first=Kamaldeep Singh |date=2025-07-23 |title=Kin of Dalit man who died following aircraft crash in Bathinda seek govt compensation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/kin-dalit-man-died-aircraft-crash-bathinda-seek-govt-compensation-10144682/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On 9 May, local government sources in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir told Reuters that three to six fighter jets crashed in India on 7 May with three pilots being hospitalized.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=What has happened in India and Pakistan as they fight over Kashmir killings |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/what-happened-indias-attack-pakistan-over-kashmir-tourists-killings-2025-05-07/|website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On 11 May, the Indian Air Force said that "losses are a part of combat" but declined to provide more details, adding that all pilots were back home.<ref name="Reuters_losses">{{cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title=Indian air force says losses are part of combat but all pilots back home |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indian-air-force-says-losses-are-part-combat-all-pilots-back-home-2025-05-11/|work=Reuters}}</ref> According to [[France 24]], India's refusal to confirm or deny the loss of the jets gave further credence to the downing claims.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2025 |title=Chinese weapons pass combat test in India-Pakistan clash – with flying colours |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20250514-chinese-weapons-pass-combat-test-in-india-pakistan-clash-%E2%80%93-with-flying-colours |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Defence analyst [[Michael Clarke (academic)|Michael Clarke]] told ''[[Al Jazeera]]'' that India had lost a Rafale jet, "that would certainly be embarrassing."<ref name="Jazeera_fivejets">{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Usaid |title=Did Pakistan shoot down five Indian fighter jets? What we know |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/14/did-pakistan-shoot-down-five-indian-fighter-jets-what-we-know#:~:text=What%20has%20Pakistan%20claimed?,a%20drone,%20and%20many%20quadcopters|access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> He added that if the aircraft had come down within Indian territory, India would likely try to keep it as an unconfirmed rumour for as long as possible, and that its general statement on "inevitable losses" might be the closest it comes to confirmation.<ref name="Jazeera_fivejets" /> On 15 May, Pakistani prime minister [[Shehbaz Sharif]] claimed that Pakistan shot down six Indian fighter jets, the sixth being a [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage]] 2000.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ehrlich|first1=Richard S.|date=21 May 2025 |title=China the biggest winner of India-Pakistan air fight|url=https://asiatimes.com/2025/05/china-the-biggest-winner-of-india-pakistan-air-fight/|publisher=[[Asia Times]]|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> On 28 May, he again said that six Indian fighter jets were downed but said that four of these were Rafale, one MiG-29 and one "another plane".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2025 |title=India can't block our water, we're taking measures, says Shehbaz |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1316196-india-can-t-block-our-water-we-re-taking-measures-says-shehbaz |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=[[The News International]]|language=en |quote=He detailed Pakistan's military response, describing the downing of six Indian fighter jets, including four Rafales, and significant damage to Indian military installations. |agency=[[Associated Press of Pakistan]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Latif |first=Aamir |date=28 May 2025 |title=Pakistan shot down 6 Indian jets, including 4 French-made Rafale during conflict: Premier Sharif |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-shot-down-6-indian-jets-including-4-french-made-rafale-during-conflict-premier-sharif/3582409 |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref><ref name="Trend_concert">{{Cite web |last=Zeynalova |first=Laman |date=28 May 2025 |title=Presidents of Azerbaijan and Türkiye, Prime Minister of Pakistan attend concert dedicated to Independence Day in Lachin |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/4050102.html|access-date=31 May 2025 |website=[[Trend.az]]|language=en |quote=Ladies and gentlemen, we had to respond in defence of Pakistan and within no time our formidable Air Force downed six Indian planes, four Rafale French-made planes, one MiG-29 and another plane and then a drone and we conveyed a message to India that Pakistan is a very peace-loving country, wants to promote peace and prosperity in the region but if come to the point of attacking Pakistan then we will respond with fullest might.}}</ref> The PAF provided the tail numbers BS001, BS021, BS022, and BS027 of four Rafale aircraft it claimed to have shot down to Dassault so the manufacturer could confirm whether the aircraft were still operational.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> One of the Rafale aircraft, identified by the callsign ''Godzilla 4'', was destroyed over Akalia Kalan, a village in [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]] in [[Punjab, India]], approximately 70&nbsp;km from the [[India–Pakistan border]], while returning to [[Ambala Air Force Station]], home to a major wing of the IAF’s Western Air Command. The downed jet was identified as Rafale EH BS001.<ref name=afm1/> On 6 June, the PAF said that [[No. 15 Squadron PAF|No. 15 Squadron]], also known as the ''Cobras'', was responsible for shooting down IAF fighter jets. The unit operated out of [[PAF Base Minhas]] in [[Kamra, Pakistan|Kamra]] with [[J-10C]] multirole fighters equipped with [[PL-15]] beyond-visual-range missiles. According to ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'', the ''Cobras'' deployed 18 out of the 20 aircraft assigned to the squadron for the intercept operation on 7 May.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sajjad Syed|first=Baqir|title=Air force credits Cobras with 'six IAF kills'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1915722/|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=6 June 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref> On 31 May 2025, India's Chief of Defence Staff [[General (India)|General]] [[Anil Chauhan]] admitted that India lost jets, but dismissed Pakistan's claim of downing six fighter jets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2025 |title=India finally admits it lost fighter jets in clash with Pakistan |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-pakistan-war-rafale-fighter-jet-downed-b2761216.html |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sen |first1=Sudhi Ranjan |last2=Tandon |first2=Naman |date=31 May 2025 |title=India Confirms It Lost Fighter Jets in Recent Pakistan Conflict |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-31/india-confirms-it-lost-fighter-jets-in-recent-pakistan-conflict?embedded-checkout=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601054134/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-31/india-confirms-it-lost-fighter-jets-in-recent-pakistan-conflict |archive-date=1 June 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> On 18 July 2025, President of the United States Donald Trump said that he believed five aircraft had been shot down during the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/trump-says-he-thinks-5-jets-were-shot-down-india-pakistan-hostilities-2025-07-19/|title=Trump says he thinks 5 jets were shot down in India-Pakistan hostilities|date=19 July 2025|accessdate=19 July 2025|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Quarterly]]'', India confirmed the loss of at least three aircraft during the conflict, although the types were not specified. It is likely that India lost at least four aircraft, possibly a fifth, including at least one Rafale and a MiG-29; and that Pakistan also likely lost aircraft.<ref name="twq1">{{cite journal|last1=Ganguly|first1=Sumit|last2=Warren|first2=Spenser A.|title=Escalation Risks Rising? Airpower in Kargil and Pahalgam|journal=[[The Washington Quarterly]]|volume=48|issue=3|pages=127–143|date=29 September 2025|url=https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.gwu.edu/dist/1/2181/files/2025/09/TWQ_48_3_GangulyWarren.pdf|doi=10.1080/0163660X.2025.2558282}}</ref> ====Indian strikes on Pakistani air bases==== On 8 May 2025, in response to a series of drone incursions and missile attacks, which India attributed to Pakistan despite its denials of involvement, India carried out strikes and claimed to have damaged air defence radars and systems at multiple locations in Pakistan. Pakistan reported drone incursions or intercepts at 11 sites that morning, and officially acknowledged that four soldiers were injured and military equipment was partially damaged.<ref name="nyt_unfolded" /><ref name="Clary" /><ref>Frances Mao, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cjrndypy3l4o India reports strikes on military bases, Pakistan denies any role], BBC News, 8 May 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/8/pakistan-says-it-downed-25-indian-drones-after-attacks-escalate-tensions Multiple explosions, blackout in Indian-administered Kashmir's Jammu city], Al Jazeera, 8 May 2025.</ref> The strikes destroyed an air defence radar in [[PAF_Base_Lahore#Present_use|Lahore]].<ref name="twq1" /> Local media in India reported a barrage of drone and missile strikes on the night of 9 May.<ref name="nyt_unfolded" /><ref>Bashaarat Masood, Amrita Nayak Dutta,  [https://indianexpress.com/article/india/baramulla-to-barmer-india-blocks-second-wave-of-drone-attacks-9993720/ Baramulla to Barmer, India blocks second wave of drone attacks], The Indian Express, 10 May 2025.</ref> Hours later, on the night of 9 and 10 May, the Indian Armed Forces conducted multiple airstrike operations targeting Pakistani military installations. As per Indian media reports, the air strikes were planned by India's Chief of the Air Staff Amar Preet Singh while National Security Advisor Ajit Doval granted the final clearance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2025 |title=Inside India's Air Blitz: NSA Doval Cleared It, IAF Chief AP Singh Delivered It |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/india-strike-pakistan-nur-khan-airbase-masterplan-by-iaf-chief-air-chief-marshal-ap-singh-article-151623953 |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title='We should go for the kill': IAF chief Amar Preet Singh led India's bold mission to strike Pakistan's Nur Khan base |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/we-should-go-for-the-kill-iaf-chief-amar-preet-singh-led-india-s-bold-mission-to-strike-pakistan-s-nur-khan-base-13022226.html|access-date=13 May 2025 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref> A wave of one-way loitering munitions, including Israeli-made [[IAI Harop]] and Polish [[Warmate]] 5.0 drones, was deployed. These drones served dual purposes, probing and assessing the reaction parameters of [[HQ-9|HQ-9BE]] short-range SAM systems and neutralising or degrading the target acquisition and illumination radars of [[HQ-16|HQ-16FE]] medium-range SAM systems. This preparatory tactic weakened the defensive envelope of the targeted sites, thereby facilitating the success of the subsequent cruise missile strikes.<ref name=afm1>{{cite magazine|title=A close call|url=https://www.key.aero/article/close-call|magazine=[[AirForces Monthly]]|publisher=[[Key Publishing]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251003130848/https://www.key.aero/article/airforces-monthly-july-2025?pageNumber=1|archive-date=3 October 2025|access-date=9 October 2025}}</ref> According to Pakistan, the PAF intercepted and destroyed 84 Israeli-made [[Harop drone]]s sent by India.<ref name="AZERTAG_Bunyan" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2025 |title=Number of Indian drones downed by Pakistan reaches 77: security sources |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2544893/n|access-date=9 May 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> The drone strikes were followed by [[Su-30MKI]] aircraft of the IAF launching between fifteen and eighteen supersonic [[BrahMos]] missiles, typically one per aircraft, caused considerable damage. Simultaneously, [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale EH]] aircraft from [[No. 17 Squadron IAF|No. 17 Squadron]] employed at least ten [[SCALP-EG]] missiles. These precision strikes were focused on degrading Pakistan's air defense capabilities and operational infrastructure. The targets included four early warning radar installations, seven PAF air bases, and one forward operating base.<ref name=afm1/> [[PAF Base Nur Khan]] came under both missile and drone attacks.<ref name="reuters_pulledback" /><ref name="nyt_unfolded" /> A missile strike hit the operations room of the 35 Composite Transport Wing, destroying two fuel trucks, with collateral damage to at least one [[C-130 Hercules]] medium-lift tactical transport aircraft.The barrage took out two roofs and hit the hangar of a refueling plane, according to one of the officials, who visited the base the next day.<ref name="reuters_pulledback" /><ref name="nyt_unfolded" /> According to William Goodhind, a geospatial analyst at Contested Ground, two mobile control centers at the Nur Khan airbase were damaged.<ref name="wp_postanalysis" /><ref name=afm1/> An apparent missile strike created a {{Convert|60|ft|abbr=on}}-wide hole in an aircraft hangar at [[PAF Base Bholari]]. Debris was scattered across the pavement around the hangar, and the wall appeared to have collapsed onto a nearby building.<ref name="wp_postanalysis" /> This strike damaged a [[Saab 2000|Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&CS]], which the PAF said was later repaired.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> [[PAF Base Shahbaz]] was also attacked, resulting in a {{Convert|100|ft|abbr=on}}-wide hole in an aircraft hangar as well as damage to its [[air traffic control]] tower.<ref name="wp_postanalysis" /> At [[PAF Base Mushaf]], the Indian military claimed to have used precision weapons to strike two sections of the runway. Later satellite imagery showed a crater on the runway.<ref name="nyt_satelliteimagery" /> The runway was made operational within a few hours.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> At [[PAF Base Murid]] and [[PAF Base Rafiqui]], BrahMos missiles targeted an [[Unmanned aerial vehicle]](UAV) command shelter and the operations room of the 34 Tactical Air Wing, respectively. At PAF Base Sukkur, a hangar and an electronic warfare (EW) radar installation were destroyed by missile strikes.<ref name=afm1/> Satellite imagery taken after the Indian strike showed a crater on the [[Rahim Yar Khan Airport]] runway that was not present in earlier images.<ref name="nyt_satelliteimagery" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Following India's airstrike, Pakistan declares Rahim Yar Khan airbase's sole runway non-operational for a week |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/india-airstrike-pakistan-rahim-yar-khan-airbase-runway-closed-9996249/ |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The airport's Royal Lounge was damaged in the attack and a {{Convert|10|ft|abbr=on}}-wide crater was created in the [[Airport apron|apron]] area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=Rahim Yar Khan's Sheikh Zayed airport damaged by Indian strike |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1910184|access-date=17 May 2025 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> The air strikes were also executed against early warning radar installations of the [[Pakistan Army]] Air Defence Corps (PAADC), including one located in Gujranwala.<ref name=afm1/> Pakistan Army spokesman said that India fired ballistic missiles from Adampur that fell into its own territory,<ref name="Clary">{{citation |first=Christopher |last=Clary |title=Four Days in May: The India-Pakistan Crisis of 2025 |publisher=Stimson Center |date=28 May 2025 |url=https://www.stimson.org/2025/four-days-in-may-the-india-pakistan-crisis-of-2025/}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-armys-spokesman-claims-india-fired-ballistic-missiles-that-fell-into-2025-05-09/ Pakistan Army's spokesman claims India fired ballistic missiles that fell into Indian territory], Reuters, 9 May 2025</ref> and added that India had targeted [[Afghanistan]] with missile and drone strikes.<ref name="Dawn_IN_PK_live">{{Cite web |date=10 May 2025 |title=India has fired missiles at Afghanistan and used drones: DG ISPR (03:21am) |url=https://www.dawn.com/live/pakistan-india-tensions |access-date=7 June 2025 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tribune_ballistic">{{Cite web |last=Yousaf |first=Kamran |date=10 May 2025 |title=India goes ballistic, hits own people |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2545048/i |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nur Khan, Murid and Shorkot bases targeted with air-launched missiles |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1310137-india-launched-missiles-at-three-airbases-dg-ispr |work=[[The News International]] |date=10 May 2025 |access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Clary" /> PAF spokesperson displayed radar signatures of the BrahMos on screen and said the missiles had missed their targets and flown into Afghanistan.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> India denied the allegations, calling the claims "ludicrous" and "frivolous".<ref name="Transcript10May">{{Cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=Transcript of Special briefing on OPERATION SINDOOR (May 10, 2025) |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39486/Transcript_of_Special_briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_10_2025 |access-date=10 May 2025 |work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kant |first=Rishi |date=10 May 2025 |title=India-Pak conflict: Foreign Secy Vikram Misri tears into Pak's lies, says India responded with restraint and resolve |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/business-news/india-pak-conflict-foreign-secy-vikram-misri-tears-into-paks-lies-says-india-responded-with-restraint-and-resolve/122970 |access-date=6 June 2025 |website=[[Fortune India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ToloNews_rejects">{{cite web |date=22 May 2025 |title=Ministry Rejects Pakistan Claims of Indian Attacks on Afghan Soil |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-194253/ |website=[[Tolo News]]}}</ref> The [[Taliban]] government of Afghanistan also denied Pakistani claims of Indian attacks on Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 May 2025 |title=Pakistan accuses India of drone strikes in Afghanistan |url=https://amu.tv/173194/ |website=[[Amu TV]]}}</ref><ref name="ToloNews_rejects" /> It was termed a "bizarre and unsubstantiated claim" by Christopher Clary.<ref name="Clary" /> Pakistan said that all [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) assets at targeted bases remained safe. Pakistani media reported that Sheikh Zayed International Airport in [[Rahim Yar Khan]] was targeted and suffered structural damage.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=India targets Sheikh Zayed International airport in Rahim Yar Khan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2545081/i |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> The airport was named after [[Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]] and is regarded as a symbol of [[Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations|Pak-UAE friendship]]. Although commercial flights have been suspended since 2023, the airport was occasionally used by members of the [[House of Nahyan]] via the Royal Lounge, which was among the facilities destroyed in the attack.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rahim Yar Khan's Sheikh Zayed airport damaged by Indian strike|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1910184/|work=Dawn|date=11 May 2025|access-date=12 June 2025}}</ref> The Pakistan military later confirmed that six of its airmen were killed during the Indian air strikes including 5 deaths at Bholari and one at Sargodha;<ref name="wp_postanalysis">{{cite news |last1=Piper |first1=Imogen |title=Indian strikes on Pakistan damaged six airfields, Post analysis finds |date=14 May 2025 |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/14/india-pakistan-strikes-conflict-damage/ |last2=Hill |first2=Evan |last3=Javaid |first3=Maham |last4=Noack |first4=Rick |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515233533/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/14/india-pakistan-strikes-conflict-damage/ |archive-date=15 May 2025 }}</ref> [[Chief Minister of Sindh]], [[Murad Ali Shah]], also later said that nine personnel injured in Indian attacks <ref name="Dawn_Sindh">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2025 |title=CM Sindh announces compensation for martyrs, injured in Indian attacks |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1911205 |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> ===Operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos=== In retaliation for Indian strikes, the PAF carried out a coordinated retaliatory air campaign. The primary objective of the operation was to disrupt IAF infrastructure and operational readiness, particularly by targeting airbases and logistical nodes near the [[Indo-Pakistani border]]. [[JF-17]] multirole fighter aircraft launched stand-off munitions, including air-launched cruise missiles, against several Indian military installations, including [[Udhampur Air Force Station|Udhampur]], [[Adampur Air Force Station|Adampur]], and [[Pathankot Air Force Station|Pathankot]] air force stations, as well as weapon storage facilities in [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Nagrota army base|Nagrota]], and [[Beas Airport|Beas]].<ref name=afm1/> The PAF struck and destroyed the [[Integrated Air Command and Control System]] (IACCS) at [[Barnala]], effectively stopping communications between the IAF leadership and its fighters.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> JF-17C Thunder Block 3 aircraft from [[No. 14 Squadron PAF|No. 14 Squadron]], and operating from [[PAF Base Rafiqui]], conducted a Destruction of Enemy Air Defence (DEAD) mission to destroy the [[S-400]] system at Adampur. The aircraft employed electronic countermeasures, decoys, and evasive manoeuvres to approach the S-400 system and fired [[CM-400AKG]] missiles at low-altitude and [[early-warning radar]] installations.<ref name=afm1/><ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/><ref name=scc>{{cite magazine|last1=Mihajlovic|first1=Mike|title=The S-400 quandary|magazine=[[AirForces Monthly]]|publisher=[[Key Aero]]|url=https://www.key.aero/article/s-400-quandary|date=15 September 2025|access-date=20 October 2025}}</ref> Pakistan said that a mobile 91N6E (NATO name "Big Bird") acquisition radar was destroyed by a CM-400AKG, and that a 96L6E (NATO name "Cheese Board") 3D early-warning and acquisition radar was also successfully targeted.<ref name=scc/> According to ''[[AirForces Monthly]]'', independent analysis of low-resolution satellite images revealed evidence of burn marks and disturbed ground at the suspected S-400 site, suggesting that key components of the battery may have been struck or degraded.<ref name=afm1/> In another report, ''AirForces Monthly'' said that one thing is certain that without on-site photographs, authenticated radar recordings, and parametric analysis, what truly occurred between these two systems remains, for the time being, a matter of speculation and personal interpretation.<ref name=scc/> PAF also deployed domestically developed [[unmanned aerial vehicles]] (UAVs), described as "killer drones" over multiple locations in India. The drones flew over airbases carrying up to 20 kg of explosives. Over several hours, the PAF struck 34 targets across different Indian bases, with approximately half targeted by manned aircraft and the remainder by UAVs.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> India said that its air defence systems successfully intercepted and shot down hundreds of drones and loitering munitions launched by Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Operation SINDOOR: India's Strategic Clarity and Calculated Force |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128748 |access-date=14 May 2025 |agency=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Operation SINDOOR: Forging One Force |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2129453#:~:text=These%20units%20were%20instrumental%20in,both%20military%20and%20civilian%20infrastructure.|access-date=18 May 2025 |agency=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> The Indian Army released images of what it said were debris of Pakistani [[YIHA-III]] [[kamikaze drones]] destroyed by air defence units. It said multiple armed drones were spotted flying over Khasa Cantonment in [[Amritsar]] at approximately 5 am and that the attempt had endangered residential areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2025 |title=Army releases photos of Pakistani drone debris after neutralizing threat over Amritsar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/army-releases-photos-of-pakistani-drone-debris-after-neutralizing-threat-over-amritsar-2722598-2025-05-10 |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> == Impacts == Pakistani airspace was closed for 48 hours and all flights were cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flight operations resume at major airports after 8-hour shutdown |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1309165-flight-operations-resume-at-major-airports-after-8-hour-shutdown |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=The News International }}</ref> In [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]], schools and colleges were closed, and [[Cambridge International Education|CIE]] examinations were cancelled in most of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Educational Institutions Closed, BISE (Inter) Exam Postponed For 7th May |url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/educational-institutions-closed-bise-inter-1975382.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=Urdu Point }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=PM session exams cancelled for CIE students in Lahore |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2025/05/08/pm-session-exams-cancelled-for-cie-students-in-lahore/ |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=Pakistan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=O/A Level exams suspended in Punjab, AJK for May 9 |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2544751/o |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> In India, at least 25 airports in the north and west were shut down until 10 May.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: India closes 25 airports, cancels 300+ flights after missile strikes on terror camps – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/aviation/operation-sindoor-india-missile-strikes-pakistan-25-airports-closed-300-flights-cancelled-19600906.htm |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=[[CNBC TV18]] }}</ref> The Indian Air Force took control of [[Srinagar Airport]] and civil operations were stopped for an indefinite period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=IAF Control Srinagar Airport: Civilian Flights Suspended Amid Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/iaf-takes-control-of-srinagar-airport-after-operation-sindoor-civilian-flight-operations-suspended-3528343 |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The [[2025 Indian Premier League]] transferred a match between [[Punjab Kings]] and the [[Mumbai Indians]] scheduled at [[Dharamsala]] on 11 May to [[Ahmedabad]], citing the closure of [[Kangra Airport]] and other logistical issues caused by the ongoing tensions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/punjab-mumbai-ipl-venue-change-2bcebfa42cf444ca412b6ea33dfe452a |title=Punjab-Mumbai IPL game shifted to Ahmedabad because of India-Pakistan tensions|date=9 May 2025|access-date=9 May 2025|work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Similarly, during the [[2025 Pakistan Super League]], a match between [[Karachi Kings]] and [[Peshawar Zalmi]] could not be played.<ref name=pslmatchpostponed/> On 9 May, both the tournaments were delayed because of bad situation.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Amlan Chakraborty |title=India suspends IPL for a week, Pakistan postpones games amid conflict |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/pakistan-moves-t20-league-indias-ipl-awaits-government-advice-2025-05-09 |access-date=20 May 2025 |work=Reuters |date=20 May 2025}}</ref> Stock markets in India and Pakistan experienced significant volatility through the week due to escalating geopolitical tensions, but rebounded sharply on 12 May following the ceasefire agreement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2025 |title=Stock market today: Nifty50 ends above 24,900; BSE Sensex rallies 3,000 points to cross 82,400 – top 5 reasons for rally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/stock-market-today-nse-nifty50-bse-sensex-may-12-2025-india-pakistan-ceasefire-global-markets-us-china-trade-deal/articleshow/121094342.cms |access-date=12 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2025 |title=Pakistan stock market KSE 100 surges over 9% on India-Pakistan ceasefire; trading halted for an hour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/india-pakistan-ceasefire-impact-pakistan-stock-market-karachi-100-stock-exchange-may-12-2025/articleshow/121098715.cms |access-date=12 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Reports that a [[Rafale]] had been downed were followed by a dip in the share price of [[Dassault Aviation]], the manufacturer of the aircraft. [[Indonesia]], which had placed outstanding orders for Rafales, announced that it was reconsidering its procurement plans and was evaluating China's [[J-10C]] fighter as an alternative.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shah|first1=Saeed|last2=Patel|first2=Shivam|title=How Pakistan shot down India's cutting-edge fighter using Chinese gear|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/how-pakistan-shot-down-indias-cutting-edge-fighter-using-chinese-gear-2025-08-02/|work=[[Reuters]]|date=2 August 2025|access-date=1 October 2025}}</ref> India costed more damaged than Pakistan because of destroyed jets and infrastructure but Pakistan also costed damage on infrastructure. ==Aftermaths== ==Notes== {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} == See also == *[[Protests against the 2025 India-Pakistan conflict]] *[[2025 Indo-Pak ceasefire agreement]] == References == [[Category:May 2025 events]] [[Category:2025 in India]] [[Category:2025 in Pakistan]] {{reflist|refs= <ref name="BBC_firstdronewar">{{cite news |title=The first drone war opens a new chapter in India-Pakistan conflict |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy6w6507wqo |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[BBC]]}}</ref> <ref name="cnn20250506">{{cite news |title=India strikes deep inside Pakistan, Pakistan claims 5 Indian jets shot down, in major escalation |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-conflict-hnk-intl |work=[[CNN News]] |date=7 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507103203/https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-conflict-hnk-intl |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="cnnlive20250510">{{Cite web |last=Sangal |first=Aditi |last2=Mogul |first2=Rhea |last3=Saifi |first3=Sophia |last4=Mitra |first4=Esha |last5=Stambaugh |first5=Alex |last6=Legge |first6=James |last7=Tanno |first7=Sophie |last8=Edwards |first8=Christian |last9=Vogt |first9=Adrienne |date=2025-05-10 |title=India-Pakistan truce appears to hold despite accusations of violations |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/india-pakistan-operation-sindoor-05-10-25#cmajr7evd00003b6n4uyzidtg |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ISPRpress11may">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Armed forces honour pledge to nation against Indian aggression: DG ISPR |url=https://www.radio.gov.pk/12-05-2025/armed-forces-honour-pledge-to-nation-against-indian-aggression-dg-ispr |website=[[Radio Pakistan]]}}</ref> <ref name="nationalinterest20250508">{{cite web |last1=Weichert |first1=Brandon J. |title=How Chinese Missiles Routed India’s Air Force Over Pakistan |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-chinese-missiles-routed-indias-air-force-over-pakistan |website=[[The National Interest]] |date=8 May 2025 |quote=Their successful engagement downing five IAF warplanes is a tremendous blow to the IAF, as well as to India’s military.}}</ref> <ref name="Reuters_Kashmirkillings">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/what-happened-indias-attack-pakistan-over-kashmir-tourists-killings-2025-05-07/|title=What has happened in India and Pakistan as they fight over Kashmir killings|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=9 May 2025|quote=Four local government sources in Indian Kashmir told Reuters three fighter jets had crashed in separate areas of the Himalayan region during the night, with their pilots admitted to hospital.}}</ref> <ref name="USMay8">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Pakistan's Chinese-made jet brought down two Indian fighter aircraft, US officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/pakistans-chinese-made-jet-brought-down-two-indian-fighter-aircraft-us-officials-2025-05-08/ |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=8 May 2025 |date=8 May 2025 |first1=Saeed |last1=Shah |first2=Idrees |last2=Ali}}</ref> <ref name="washingtonpost20250509">{{cite news |last1=Piper |first1=Imogen |last2=Ley |first2=Jarrett |last3=Javaid |first3=Maham |title=At least two Indian jets appear to have crashed during Pakistan strikes, visuals show |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/09/fighter-jets-india-pakistan-attack/ |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[Washington Post]] |date=9 May 2025}}</ref>}} {{Kashmir conflict}} f045nt296ayok8dl6fvpv1f23e1flka 10882686 10882680 2026-06-09T21:50:05Z ~2026-34145-84 1819330 /* */ removed the falsified information that is not supported by the facts. A reference is taken from the main Wikipedia page on same subject. 10882686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge from|Rawalpindi Drone Attack 2025}} {{complex}} {{Infobox military conflict|main | conflict = 2025 India–Pakistan conflict | width = | partof = [[India–Pakistan wars and conflicts]], [[2025 India–Pakistan standoff]] and [[Kashmir conflict]] | image = | image_size = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | date = 7–10 May 2025 {{nwr|({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=7|year1=2025|month2=5|day2=10|year2=2025|duration=yes}})}} | place = {{hlist|[[India]]|[[Pakistan]]}} | coordinates = <!--Use the {{coord}} template --> | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_marksize = | map_caption = | map_label = | territory = | result = Ceasefire | status = | combatants_header = | combatant1 = {{flag|India}} | combatant2 = {{flag|Pakistan}} | units1 = [[Indian Armed Forces]] * {{army|India}} * {{air force|India}} | units2 = [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] * {{army|Pakistan}} * {{air force|Pakistan}} | units3 = | combatant3 = | commander1 = [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>[[Narendra Modi]]<br>[[Rajnath Singh]] | commander2 = [[Asif Ali Zardari]]<br>[[Shehbaz Sharif]]<br>[[Khawaja Asif]] | commander3 = | strength1 = 72 aircraft | strength2 = 42 aircraft | strength3 = }} The '''2025''' '''India–Pakistan war''' was a [[War|armed conflict]] between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] that began on 7 May 2025, after India launched missile strikes on Pakistan, in a military operation codenamed '''Operation Sindoor'''.{{efn|[[Sindoor]] is a reddish pigment used by Hindu women on their foreheads to indicate their married status.<ref>{{cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Vasudha |title=Tilaka and Other Forehead Marks |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/*-COM_9000000187 |work=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114134147/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-encyclopedia-of-hinduism/*-COM_9000000187 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was due to Hindu men being selectively targeted in the earlier Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why PM Modi named India's military strikes in Pakistan, PoK as Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-pm-modi-name-india-military-strikes-pakistan-pok-13886203.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=PM Modi chose codename 'Operation Sindoor' for India's response to Pahalgam |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507050428/https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This was due to Hindu men being selectively targeted in the earlier Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why PM Modi named India's military strikes in Pakistan, PoK as Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/operation-sindoor-pm-modi-name-india-military-strikes-pakistan-pok-13886203.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=PM Modi chose codename 'Operation Sindoor' for India's response to Pahalgam |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507050428/https://www.firstpost.com/india/pm-narendra-modi-chose-codename-operation-sindoor-for-indias-response-to-pahalgam-13886202.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|name=sind}} India said that the operation was in response to the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam terrorist attack]] in Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] on 22 April 2025 in which 26 civilians were killed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pahalgam terror attack: A tribute to the victims |url=https://www.thehindu.com/infographics/2025-04-24/pahalgam-terror-attack-victims-tribute/index.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=23 April 2025 |title=Full list of names of Pahalgam terror attack victims: 26 people, all men, killed in Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pahalgam-terror-attack-victims-26-people-all-men-killed-in-jammu-and-kashmir-11745403061030.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |work=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2025 |title=26 dead, several injured in terror attack on tourists in J&K's Pahalgam |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tourists-injured-terror-attack-jk-pahalgam-9958887/ |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> India accused Pakistan of supporting cross-border terrorism, which Pakistan denied. On 7 May, India launched '''Operation Sindoor''' with missile strikes on terrorist camps of [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]] and [[Lashkar-e-Taiba|Laskhar-e-Taiba]] in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered [[Azad Kashmir]], and said that no Pakistani military or civilian facilities were targeted.<ref name="us_dia_report">{{cite web |title=2025 Worldwide Threat Assessment (Defense Intelligence Agency) |url=https://armedservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2025_dia_statement_for_the_record.pdf |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=[[United States House Committee on Armed Services]]}}</ref><ref name="JammuKashmir6May" /> According to Pakistan, the Indian strikes hit civilian sites. Pakistan's army retaliated on 7 May, by launching a mortor shells on Poonch.<ref name="Independent_twins">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=Twins, 12, among those dead in Pakistani shelling in Poonch: 'Paying with our blood' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/poonch-attack-india-pakistan-kashmir-strikes-operation-sindoor-b2747115.html |access-date=25 May 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Following days India and Pakistan exchange drone attacks. This conflict marked the first drone battle between the two nuclear-armed nations.<ref name="BBC_firstdronewar" /> after Indian operation Pakistan started it's operation and downed multiple Indian jets and destroyed multiple Indian bases and won the clash According to Pakistan. In the early hours of 10 May, India accused Pakistan of launching missile attacks on Indian air bases<ref name="Guardian 10 May">{{cite news |first1=Hannah |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first2=Shah Meer |last2=Baloch |title=India and Pakistan accuse each other of cross-border attacks on military bases |newspaper=The Guardian |date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/09/pakistan-accuses-india-targeting-three-military-bases-tensions-escalate}}</ref> while Pakistan accused India of launching attacks on several Pakistan air bases,<ref name="Guardian 10 May"/><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.dawn.com/news/1910186|title=Pakistan rattles India with firm response as patience runs out|work=Dawn|quote= Pakistan launched strikes early Saturday morning targeting military installations in India and India-held Kashmir. The strikes were launched under operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos at 5:16am.}}</ref> As conflict escalated on 10 May, Pakistan launched its '''Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos''',{{efn|name=marsoos|''Bunyan-un-Marsoos''<ref name="a616">{{cite web | title=India and Pakistan agree ceasefire: What does it mean? | website=Al Jazeera | date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/10/india-and-pakistan-agree-ceasefire-what-does-it-mean | access-date=20 May 2025}}</ref> is an [[Arabic]] term meaning "Unbreakable Wall". The operation's name is derived from a [[Ayat|verse]] in the Quran, etched in the mihrab of the attacked mosque in [[Muzaffarabad]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bunyan-un-Marsoos: Name came from mosque destroyed in Indian attack|date=12 May 2025|website=Aaj TV|url=https://english.aaj.tv/news/330416046/bunyan-un-marsoos-name-came-from-mosque-destroyed-in-indian-attack}}</ref> It states: {{Cite Quran|61|4|translator=s|q=Surely Allah loves those who fight in His way in ranks as if they were ''a firm and compact wall''.}})<br />The entire [[2025 India–Pakistan crisis]] was termed "Marka-i-Haq" ("The Battle of Truth") by the Pakistan military.<ref>[https://www.dawn.com/live/pakistan-india-tensions#1910566 "Marka-i-Haq': Pakistan Army names period of conflict with India since April 22"]. 10 May 2025. ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''.</ref>}} in which it said it had targeted several Indian military bases.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hussain|first1=Abid|date=10 May 2025|title=Pakistan launches Operation Bunyan Marsoos: What we know so far|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/10/pakistan-launches-operation-bunyan-marsoos-what-we-know-so-far|access-date=9 May 2025|publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref> After the four-day military conflict, after US involvement both India and Pakistan announced that a ceasefire had been agreed after a hotline communication between their DGMOs (Directors General of Military Operations) on 10 May 2025.<ref name="TheHindu_IN_PK_agree_ceasefire" /><ref name="BBC_IN_PK_live">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=India and Pakistan accuse each other of 'violations' after ceasefire deal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cwy3jnl3nvwt |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> US Vice President [[JD Vance]] and Secretary of State [[Marco Rubio]] held extensive correspondence with both Indian and Pakistani officials during the negotiations. The ceasefire has been holding, with resumed commercial flights and normalcy reported from both countries.<ref name="NYT-May14">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2025 |title=India and Pakistan Swap Detained Soldiers as Cease-Fire Holds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/14/world/asia/india-pakistan-soldier-exchange.html |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kashmir: Four days that took India and Pakistan to the brink |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvgvr4r5d2qo |website=www.bbc.com |date=18 May 2025}}</ref>US President [[Donald Trump]] claimed credit for the ceasefire between the nations. == Background == {{Further| 2025 Pahalgam attack| 2025 India–Pakistan crisis}} The [[Kashmir conflict]], ongoing since 1947, has fuelled multiple wars and skirmishes between India and Pakistan over the disputed region.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|title=Kashmir: Why India and Pakistan fight over it|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=24 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224045738/https://www.bbc.com/news/10537286|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 April 2025, [[2025 Pahalgam attack|a terrorist attack]] by five armed terrorists near [[Pahalgam]] in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir killed 26 civilians, mostly [[Hindu]] tourists.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bhat |first=Danish Manzoor |date=23 April 2025 |title=Kashmir Massacre: Trump, Putin, Iran, Israel Condemn Jihadist Attack on Hindu Tourists |url=https://www.newsweek.com/kashmir-massacre-trump-putin-iran-israel-condemn-jihadist-attack-hindu-tourists-2062760 |work=[[Newsweek]] |quote="Witnesses reported the assailants shouted Islamic slogans and specifically targeted people who appeared to be Hindu." |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501211503/https://www.newsweek.com/kashmir-massacre-trump-putin-iran-israel-condemn-jihadist-attack-hindu-tourists-2062760 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 2025 |title=Indian survivors of Kashmir attack say gunmen asked if they were Hindus and opened fire |url=https://apnews.com/article/kashmir-attack-india-pakistan-victims-a5492962cd86174262cb73b85c04c51a |work=[[AP News]] |quote="Indian survivors of Kashmir attack say gunmen asked if they were Hindus and opened fire" |archive-date=4 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504002813/https://apnews.com/article/kashmir-attack-india-pakistan-victims-a5492962cd86174262cb73b85c04c51a |url-status=live }}</ref> [[The Resistance Front]], a militant faction of the Pakistan-based, UN-designated terrorist group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], operating in [[Indian-administered Kashmir]],{{sfn|Chesterton|Bacon|2025}}{{sfn|Koren|Ganguly|Khanna|2021}}<ref name="bloo1">{{cite news |last=Sen |first=Sudhi Ranjan |date=18 July 2025 |title=US Declares Group Accused of Kashmir Attacks a Terror Outfit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-18/us-declares-group-accused-of-kashmir-attacks-a-terror-outfit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250718050734/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-07-18/us-declares-group-accused-of-kashmir-attacks-a-terror-outfit |archive-date=18 July 2025 |access-date=18 July 2025 |agency=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> initially claimed responsibility for the attack,<ref>{{cite news|title=Who are the armed groups India accuses Pakistan of backing?|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=9 May 2025|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/9/who-are-the-armed-groups-india-accuses-pakistan-of-backing|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> but later denied responsibility, saying that the earlier claim was the result of a coordinated hacking,<ref>{{cite news|title=Lashkar proxy, The Resistance Front, now denies its role in Pahalgam terror attack|last1=Ranjan|first1=Mukesh|publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=26 April 2025|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Apr/26/lashkar-proxy-the-resistance-front-now-denies-its-role-in-pahalgam-terror-attack|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> and attributed the breach to Indian authorities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Briefing: Indian media link TRF's Kashmir attack denial to Pakistani pressure|publisher=[[BBC Monitoring]]|date=28 April 2025|url=https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/b0003scw|access-date=26 August 2025}}</ref> Pakistan alleged that the Pahalgam attack was a "[[false flag operation]]" orchestrated by India.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kestler‑D'Amours|first1=Jillian|title=Kashmir updates: Pakistan claims Pahalgam attack 'false flag operation'|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=24 April 2025|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/4/24/kashmir-attack-live-india-summons-pakistani-envoy-hunts-pahalgam-gunmen|access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shehbaz hails Trump as 'man of peace'|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2549582/shehbaz-hails-trump-as-man-of-peace|work=[[The Express Tribune]]|date=5 June 2025|access-date=12 June 2025}}</ref> which was later confirmed by Pakistan media . India announced a series of retaliatory measures against Pakistan, including the suspension of the [[Indus Waters Treaty]], prompting responsive measures and leading to a [[2025 India–Pakistan crisis|diplomatic crisis and border skirmishes]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |date=24 April 2025 |title=A tourist massacre in Kashmir is escalating tensions between India and Pakistan. Here's what we know |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/24/india/pahalgam-india-pakistan-attack-explainer-intl-hnk |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Peshimam |first1=Gibran Naiyyar |last2=Greenfield |first2= Charlotte |date=5 May 2025 |title=Pakistan tests missile, India orders drills amid Kashmir standoff |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-tests-missile-amid-india-standoff-moodys-warns-economic-cost-2025-05-05/ |access-date=6 May 2025 |work=[[Reuters]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Live: J&K Govt Officer Killed in Rajouri Shelling, Indian Army Says Pakistan's 'Blatant Escalation' Continues |url=https://thewire.in/security/live-india-pakistan-military-action |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref> India and Pakistan also closed their airspaces for each other's airlines.<ref name = "Reu-Air">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2025 |title=India, Pakistan extend airspace closures for each other's airlines in tit-for-tat moves |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/pakistan-extends-airspace-ban-indian-airlines-until-june-24-2025-05-23/ |access-date=30 June 2025 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[AirForces Monthly]]'', on 29 April, four [[Indian Air Force]] (IAF) [[Rafale]] aircraft departed from [[Ambala Air Force Station]] on a mission to bomb terrorist targets in the north but aborted and diverted to [[Srinagar Air Force Station]] due to an [[electronic warfare]] jamming claimed by PAF. As described by the magazine, following this failed attack, and before 6 May, the IAF redeployed up to 20 [[Rafale]] aircraft from [[Hasimara Air Force Station]] (home of [[No. 101 Squadron IAF]] in the [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Command]]) to [[Gwalior]], [[Ambala]], [[Srinagar]], and [[Bikaner Airport|Nal Air Force Station]] in [[Rajasthan]]. Several [[S-400 missile system]] surface-to-air missile batteries were also repositioned to [[Adampur]], [[Bhuj]], and [[Bikaner]]. During late April and early May, the IAF mobilised around 400 aircraft, with its transport fleet conducting more than 500 sorties.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> On 30 April, Pakistan said that a military strike by India was imminent.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2025 |title=Pakistan claims 'credible intelligence' India is planning an imminent military strike |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c75dgz5pq2no |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |date=30 April 2025 |title=Pakistan claims it has 'credible intelligence' India will strike within 36 hours |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/04/29/asia/kashmir-pakistan-india-tension-military-intl-hnk |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> ==Battle == ===Operation Sindoor=== ====Initial strikes==== On 7 May 2025, India launched missile and air strikes on nine alleged "militant camps" in both Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian air strikes – how will Pakistan respond? Four key questions |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd020710v1ko|access-date=7 May 2025 |agency=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Can India and Pakistan control a new cycle of escalation? |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/05/07/can-india-and-pakistan-control-a-new-cycle-of-escalation |access-date=7 May 2025 |agency=[[The Economist]] }}</ref> Seven targets, including some in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, were hit by the Indian Army's [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|artillery regiment]], while air defence was jointly provided by the Army and the Indian Air Force.<ref>{{citation |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |title=Artillery's firepower reverberates during Operation Sindoor |newspaper=The Hindu |date=24 May 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/artillerys-firepower-reverberates-during-operation-sindoor/article69615205.ece}}</ref> The Israeli press mentioned Indo-Israeli SkyStriker loitering munitions.<ref name="Haaretz_kamikaze">{{Cite news |last=Amit |first=Hagai |title=Israeli Kamikaze Drones Take Center Stage in India-Pakistan Conflict |newspaper=Haaretz |date=10 May 2025 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/2025-05-10/ty-article/.premium/israeli-kamikaze-drones-take-center-stage-in-india-pakistan-conflict/00000196-b944-d1bb-a5d6-bff41e5b0000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Samanta |first=Pranab Dhal |date=10 July 2025 |title=India looks to US for urgent weapons after Operation Sindoor strikes |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-looks-to-us-for-urgent-weapons-after-operation-sindoor-strikes/articleshow/122349623.cms |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The attacks on targets in Pakistani Punjab were carried out by the Indian Air Force. According to sources cited by ''[[India Today]]'', [[Rafale]] jets were employed, equipped with [[SCALP missile]]s and [[AASM Hammer]] bombs.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Rafale jets hit Pak terror camps with Scalp missiles, Hammer bombs: Sources |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rafale-jets-pak-terror-camps-operation-sindoor-pahalgam-attack-retaliation-2720674-2025-05-07|work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507004344/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rafale-jets-pak-terror-camps-operation-sindoor-pahalgam-attack-retaliation-2720674-2025-05-07|url-status=live }}</ref> In press releases by [[Press Information Bureau]], the Indian government claimed that during the first attacks on terror camps the Indian Air Force had "bypassed and jammed Pakistan's Chinese-supplied air defence systems" and the operation was conducted without the loss of any Indian asset.<ref name="Aatmanirbhar">{{Cite news |date=14 May 2025 |title=Operation SINDOOR: The Rise of Aatmanirbhar Innovation in National Security |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516170223/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746 |archive-date=16 May 2025 |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> The missile attack targeted locations including Subhan Allah Mosque in [[Bahawalpur]] (near [[Ahmedpur East]]) and [[Markaz-e-Taiba]] in [[Muridke]], part of the headquarters of JeM and the headquarters of LeT respectively and alleged by India to be their terrorist training camps.<ref name="BBCUrdu7May">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=انڈیا نے چھ مئی کی شب پاکستان اور اس کے زیرِ انتظام کشمیر میں کن مقامات کو نشانہ بنایا؟ |trans-title=What locations did India target in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir on the night of May 6? |url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/articles/c5yly8pg7rgo|website=[[BBC Urdu]] |language=ur}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Sources mentioning headquarters:<ref name="IISS15May"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillani |first=Waqar |date=11 May 2025 |title=On ground |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/1309943-on-ground |website=[[The News International]] |language=en |quote=The strikes, described by Islamabad as unwarranted, unprovoked and a blatant violation of international boundaries without any evidence and intimation, mainly hit mosques and seminaries associated with the accused groups. ... The deadliest attacks targeted mosques and seminaries linked to Jaish-i-Muhammad once led by Masood Azhar, Jamaat-ud-Dawah once led by Hafiz Saeed and the Harkat-ul Mujahdeen. }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="TheDiplomat_Lashkar"/>|name="camps"|group=lower-alpha}} Other sites claimed to have been targeted by India included Abbas Mosque (associated with the JeM) in [[Kotli District]], Shawai Nala camp (associated with the LeT) and Syedna Bilal Mosque (associated with the JeM) in [[Muzaffarabad]],<ref name="BBCUrdu7May"/><ref name="TheDiplomat_Lashkar" /> a site in [[Gulpur]], [[Kotli District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be a LeT and HuM camp);<ref name="KashmirObserver_Sindoor">{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: India Avenges Pahalgam Attack |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2025/05/07/operation-sindoor-india-avenges-pahalgam-attack/|access-date=11 June 2025 |website=[[Kashmir Observer]] |language=en-US |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref name="Transcript7May" /><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor">{{Cite news |last=Anand |first=Akriti |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: Not just 9, but there are 21 'well-known' terror camps in Pakistan, PoK; govt shares full list |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/operation-sindoor-full-list-of-21-well-known-terror-camps-in-pakistan-pok-shared-by-govt-11746601567104.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515061830/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/operation-sindoor-full-list-of-21-well-known-terror-camps-in-pakistan-pok-shared-by-govt-11746601567104.html |archive-date=15 May 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025 |work=[[mint (newspaper)|mint]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor">{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |author-link=Shishir Gupta |date=7 May 2025 |title=Why India attacked 9 terror camps under Operation Sindoor? Significance explained |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-india-attacked-9-terror-camps-under-operation-sindoor-significance-explained-101746587101415.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507042049/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/why-india-attacked-9-terror-camps-under-operation-sindoor-significance-explained-101746587101415.html |archive-date=7 May 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> Markaz [[Ahl-e-Hadith]] in [[Barnala, Azad Kashmir|Barnala]], [[Bhimber District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be associated with the LeT);<ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor" /><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor" /> a site in Mehmona Joya, [[Kotli Loharan West]], [[Sialkot District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be a HuM camp);<ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor" /><ref name="KashmirObserver_Sindoor" /><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor" /> and a site in Tera Katlan in Sarjal, [[Shakargarh Tehsil]], [[Sialkot District]] (alleged by the Indian government to be a JeM camp).<ref name="HindustanTimes_Sindoor" /><ref name="Transcript7May">{{Cite news |title=Transcript of Special Briefing on OPERATION SINDOOR (May 07, 2025) |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39474/Transcript_of_Special_Briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_07_2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250510234544/https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39474/Transcript_of_Special_Briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_07_2025 |archive-date=10 May 2025 |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LiveMint_Sindoor" /><ref name="KashmirObserver_Sindoor" /> Satellite images released after launching the strikes showed the extent of damage in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Satellite images show impact on mosques and buildings in Pakistan after Indian strikes |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/satellite-images-india-pakistan-strikes-b2746940.html|access-date=8 May 2025 |agency=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> According to ''CNN'', Indian jets in past bombed Pakistani territory following militant attacks on its land but "Wednesday's operation is the deepest India attack inside its neighbor since the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971|Indo-Pakistan war of 1971]], the biggest of several wars between the two countries."<ref name="CNN_deepinside">{{cite news |last1=Saifi |first1=Sophia |last2=Taylor |first2=Jerome |last3=Adkin |first3=Ross |last4=Mogul |first4=Rhea |last5=Regan |first5=Helen |date=6 May 2025 |title=India strikes deep inside Pakistan, Pakistan claims 5 Indian jets shot down, in major escalation |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-conflict-hnk-intl |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Pakistan confirmed strikes on six of the sites targeted by India, denying the strikes at Barnala and Gulpur in Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir, but said these were civilian areas including mosques and residential areas and were not terrorist facilities.<ref name="BBCLive6May" /><ref name="IISS15May">{{Cite web |last=Roy-Chaudhury |first=Rahul |date=15 May 2025 |title=India–Pakistan drone and missile conflict: differing and disputed narratives |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2025/05/indiapakistan-drone-and-missile-conflict-differing-and-disputed-narratives/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515193358/https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2025/05/indiapakistan-drone-and-missile-conflict-differing-and-disputed-narratives/ |archive-date=15 May 2025 |access-date=29 November 2025 }}</ref><ref name="BBCUrdu7May"/> ====Air battle==== The Indian air attacks started an air battle in which more than 114 aircraft, 72 from the IAF and 42 from the PAF, were involved in what was described as the largest [[beyond visual range]] engagement on the [[India–Pakistan border]],<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills" /> with the engagement described as one of the largest air battles since the end of [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-08 |title=India-Pakistan jets clash in one of the largest dogfights in recent history |url=https://www.newsweek.com/india-pakistan-125-jets-clash-one-largest-dogfights-recent-history-2069570 |access-date=2025-11-13 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> According to independent assessments, at least six Indian [[fighter aircraft]] were downed during the [[dogfight]],<ref name=twq1/> though Pakistan claimed seven, including three [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale]]s, one [[MiG-29]], two [[SU-30MKI]] and a [[IAI Heron|Heron]] [[unmanned aerial vehicle]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sampson|first1=Eve|title=The Indian Aircraft Pakistan Says It Shot Down|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/07/world/asia/india-pakistan-downed-aircraft.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 May 2025|access-date=26 June 2025|quote=Pakistan, for its part, claims it shot down five planes and at least one drone: three Rafale fighter jets, one MIG-29 fighter aircraft, one Su-30 fighter jet and one Heron drone.}}</ref> it is the first time that a French-origin [[Dassault Rafale]] has been lost in combat, reportedly having been shot down by the Pakistan China made JF-17 and Chinese-origin [[Chengdu J-10]].<ref name="CNNLiveMay7">{{Cite web |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |last2=Saifi |first2=Sophia |last3=Iyer |first3=Aishwarya S. |last4=Sangal |first4=Aditi |last5=Hammond |first5=Elise |last6=Powell |first6=Tori B. |last7=Yeung |first7=Jessie |last8=Harvey |first8=Lex |last9=Radford |first9=Antoinette |date=6 May 2025 |title=May 7, 2025 India launches attacks on Pakistan after Kashmir massacre |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/india-pakistan-attack-kashmir-tourists-intl-hnk#cmadq2i4j00003b6tu7krhsys|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="USMay8" /> Pakistan's response also included the use of Chinese-produced [[PL-15]] long-range air-to-air missiles fired from Chengdu J-10 fighter and JF-17 jets, marking the first combat use of the missile. The presence of air-launched PL-15 debris at multiple sites within India was indicative that some of the downings were caused by the PAF.<ref name=twq1/> According to The US Congress Report released on 18th November 2025 confirmed that India lost 3 jets.<ref>{{cite report|date=18 November 2025|title=2025 Report to Congress|url=https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2025-11/2025_Annual_Report_to_Congress.pdf|publisher=[[U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission]]|pages=108–109|access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref> [[Chief of Staff of the French Air and Space Force]] [[Général d'armée aérienne]] {{ill|Jérôme Bellanger|fr}} stated that he had "seen evidence" of three aircraft being destroyed including a Rafale, a Mirage 2000 and a Russian Sukhoi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/6/french-intelligence-claims-china-trying-to-foil-global-sale-of-rafale-jets|title=French intelligence claims China trying to foil global sale of Rafale jets|quote=French air force chief General Jerome Bellanger said he has seen evidence pointing to just three aircraft losses – a Rafale, a Russian-made Sukhoi and a Mirage 2000, which is an earlier generation French-made jet.|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> [[Reuters]] reported that unnamed Indian government sources said that at least three fighter jets had crashed in India due to unknown causes.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Three fighter jets crashed in India's Jammu and Kashmir, local govt sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/three-fighter-jets-crashed-indias-jammu-kashmir-local-govt-sources-say-2025-05-07 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On 8 May, an unnamed [[United States|US]] official told Reuters that he assessed with "high confidence" that Pakistani [[Chengdu J-10|J-10]] aircraft had shot down at least six Indian fighter jets; a second official assessed one of the downed jets to be a [[Dassault Rafale]].<ref name="USMay8">{{cite news |last1=Shah |first1=Saeed |last2=Ali |first2=Idrees |date=8 May 2025 |title=Exclusive: Pakistan's Chinese-made jet brought down two Indian fighter aircraft, US officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/pakistans-chinese-made-jet-brought-down-two-indian-fighter-aircraft-us-officials-2025-05-08/|location= Islamabad/[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'' later said that it had identified 3 to 6 crash sites in India from 7 May, identifying two of them as belonging to an Indian Dassault Rafale and [[Dassault Mirage 2000]] at Akalia Kalan in Bathinda and Wuyan in [[Pampore]] respectively and another site at [[Akhnoor]] (likely an Indian MiG-29).<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 2025 |title=At least two Indian jets appear to have crashed during Pakistan strikes, visuals show |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/09/fighter-jets-india-pakistan-attack/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Taghvaee |first=Babak |date=July 2025 |title=A Close Call |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VwUrJ22fStQ2aACxOlTazkN8FBz1-4dj/view|magazine=[[Air Forces Monthly]] |page=33}}</ref><ref name="Clary" /> The Rafale crash in Bathinda also reportedly killed two bystanders.<ref>{{Cite news |title=How did Pakistan shoot down India’s fighter jets? |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2025/07/16/how-did-pakistan-shoot-down-indias-fighter-jets|access-date=2025-08-11 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brar |first=Kamaldeep Singh |date=2025-07-23 |title=Kin of Dalit man who died following aircraft crash in Bathinda seek govt compensation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/kin-dalit-man-died-aircraft-crash-bathinda-seek-govt-compensation-10144682/ |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> On 9 May, local government sources in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir told Reuters that three to six fighter jets crashed in India on 7 May with three pilots being hospitalized.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=What has happened in India and Pakistan as they fight over Kashmir killings |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/what-happened-indias-attack-pakistan-over-kashmir-tourists-killings-2025-05-07/|website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On 11 May, the Indian Air Force said that "losses are a part of combat" but declined to provide more details, adding that all pilots were back home.<ref name="Reuters_losses">{{cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title=Indian air force says losses are part of combat but all pilots back home |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indian-air-force-says-losses-are-part-combat-all-pilots-back-home-2025-05-11/|work=Reuters}}</ref> According to [[France 24]], India's refusal to confirm or deny the loss of the jets gave further credence to the downing claims.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2025 |title=Chinese weapons pass combat test in India-Pakistan clash – with flying colours |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20250514-chinese-weapons-pass-combat-test-in-india-pakistan-clash-%E2%80%93-with-flying-colours |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Defence analyst [[Michael Clarke (academic)|Michael Clarke]] told ''[[Al Jazeera]]'' that India had lost a Rafale jet, "that would certainly be embarrassing."<ref name="Jazeera_fivejets">{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Usaid |title=Did Pakistan shoot down five Indian fighter jets? What we know |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/14/did-pakistan-shoot-down-five-indian-fighter-jets-what-we-know#:~:text=What%20has%20Pakistan%20claimed?,a%20drone,%20and%20many%20quadcopters|access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> He added that if the aircraft had come down within Indian territory, India would likely try to keep it as an unconfirmed rumour for as long as possible, and that its general statement on "inevitable losses" might be the closest it comes to confirmation.<ref name="Jazeera_fivejets" /> On 15 May, Pakistani prime minister [[Shehbaz Sharif]] claimed that Pakistan shot down six Indian fighter jets, the sixth being a [[Dassault Mirage 2000|Mirage]] 2000.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ehrlich|first1=Richard S.|date=21 May 2025 |title=China the biggest winner of India-Pakistan air fight|url=https://asiatimes.com/2025/05/china-the-biggest-winner-of-india-pakistan-air-fight/|publisher=[[Asia Times]]|access-date=26 June 2025}}</ref> On 28 May, he again said that six Indian fighter jets were downed but said that four of these were Rafale, one MiG-29 and one "another plane".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2025 |title=India can't block our water, we're taking measures, says Shehbaz |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1316196-india-can-t-block-our-water-we-re-taking-measures-says-shehbaz |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=[[The News International]]|language=en |quote=He detailed Pakistan's military response, describing the downing of six Indian fighter jets, including four Rafales, and significant damage to Indian military installations. |agency=[[Associated Press of Pakistan]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Latif |first=Aamir |date=28 May 2025 |title=Pakistan shot down 6 Indian jets, including 4 French-made Rafale during conflict: Premier Sharif |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-shot-down-6-indian-jets-including-4-french-made-rafale-during-conflict-premier-sharif/3582409 |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref><ref name="Trend_concert">{{Cite web |last=Zeynalova |first=Laman |date=28 May 2025 |title=Presidents of Azerbaijan and Türkiye, Prime Minister of Pakistan attend concert dedicated to Independence Day in Lachin |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/4050102.html|access-date=31 May 2025 |website=[[Trend.az]]|language=en |quote=Ladies and gentlemen, we had to respond in defence of Pakistan and within no time our formidable Air Force downed six Indian planes, four Rafale French-made planes, one MiG-29 and another plane and then a drone and we conveyed a message to India that Pakistan is a very peace-loving country, wants to promote peace and prosperity in the region but if come to the point of attacking Pakistan then we will respond with fullest might.}}</ref> The PAF provided the tail numbers BS001, BS021, BS022, and BS027 of four Rafale aircraft it claimed to have shot down to Dassault so the manufacturer could confirm whether the aircraft were still operational.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> One of the Rafale aircraft, identified by the callsign ''Godzilla 4'', was destroyed over Akalia Kalan, a village in [[Bathinda district|Bathinda]] in [[Punjab, India]], approximately 70&nbsp;km from the [[India–Pakistan border]], while returning to [[Ambala Air Force Station]], home to a major wing of the IAF’s Western Air Command. The downed jet was identified as Rafale EH BS001.<ref name=afm1/> On 6 June, the PAF said that [[No. 15 Squadron PAF|No. 15 Squadron]], also known as the ''Cobras'', was responsible for shooting down IAF fighter jets. The unit operated out of [[PAF Base Minhas]] in [[Kamra, Pakistan|Kamra]] with [[J-10C]] multirole fighters equipped with [[PL-15]] beyond-visual-range missiles. According to ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'', the ''Cobras'' deployed 18 out of the 20 aircraft assigned to the squadron for the intercept operation on 7 May.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sajjad Syed|first=Baqir|title=Air force credits Cobras with 'six IAF kills'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1915722/|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]|date=6 June 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref> On 31 May 2025, India's Chief of Defence Staff [[General (India)|General]] [[Anil Chauhan]] admitted that India lost jets, but dismissed Pakistan's claim of downing six fighter jets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2025 |title=India finally admits it lost fighter jets in clash with Pakistan |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-pakistan-war-rafale-fighter-jet-downed-b2761216.html |access-date=31 May 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sen |first1=Sudhi Ranjan |last2=Tandon |first2=Naman |date=31 May 2025 |title=India Confirms It Lost Fighter Jets in Recent Pakistan Conflict |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-31/india-confirms-it-lost-fighter-jets-in-recent-pakistan-conflict?embedded-checkout=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250601054134/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-31/india-confirms-it-lost-fighter-jets-in-recent-pakistan-conflict |archive-date=1 June 2025 |access-date=1 June 2025 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> On 18 July 2025, President of the United States Donald Trump said that he believed five aircraft had been shot down during the conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/trump-says-he-thinks-5-jets-were-shot-down-india-pakistan-hostilities-2025-07-19/|title=Trump says he thinks 5 jets were shot down in India-Pakistan hostilities|date=19 July 2025|accessdate=19 July 2025|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Quarterly]]'', India confirmed the loss of at least three aircraft during the conflict, although the types were not specified. It is likely that India lost at least four aircraft, possibly a fifth, including at least one Rafale and a MiG-29; and that Pakistan also likely lost aircraft.<ref name="twq1">{{cite journal|last1=Ganguly|first1=Sumit|last2=Warren|first2=Spenser A.|title=Escalation Risks Rising? Airpower in Kargil and Pahalgam|journal=[[The Washington Quarterly]]|volume=48|issue=3|pages=127–143|date=29 September 2025|url=https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.gwu.edu/dist/1/2181/files/2025/09/TWQ_48_3_GangulyWarren.pdf|doi=10.1080/0163660X.2025.2558282}}</ref> ====Indian strikes on Pakistani air bases==== On 8 May 2025, in response to a series of drone incursions and missile attacks, which India attributed to Pakistan despite its denials of involvement, India carried out strikes and claimed to have damaged air defence radars and systems at multiple locations in Pakistan. Pakistan reported drone incursions or intercepts at 11 sites that morning, and officially acknowledged that four soldiers were injured and military equipment was partially damaged.<ref name="nyt_unfolded" /><ref name="Clary" /><ref>Frances Mao, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cjrndypy3l4o India reports strikes on military bases, Pakistan denies any role], BBC News, 8 May 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/8/pakistan-says-it-downed-25-indian-drones-after-attacks-escalate-tensions Multiple explosions, blackout in Indian-administered Kashmir's Jammu city], Al Jazeera, 8 May 2025.</ref> The strikes destroyed an air defence radar in [[PAF_Base_Lahore#Present_use|Lahore]].<ref name="twq1" /> Local media in India reported a barrage of drone and missile strikes on the night of 9 May.<ref name="nyt_unfolded" /><ref>Bashaarat Masood, Amrita Nayak Dutta,  [https://indianexpress.com/article/india/baramulla-to-barmer-india-blocks-second-wave-of-drone-attacks-9993720/ Baramulla to Barmer, India blocks second wave of drone attacks], The Indian Express, 10 May 2025.</ref> Hours later, on the night of 9 and 10 May, the Indian Armed Forces conducted multiple airstrike operations targeting Pakistani military installations. As per Indian media reports, the air strikes were planned by India's Chief of the Air Staff Amar Preet Singh while National Security Advisor Ajit Doval granted the final clearance.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2025 |title=Inside India's Air Blitz: NSA Doval Cleared It, IAF Chief AP Singh Delivered It |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/india-strike-pakistan-nur-khan-airbase-masterplan-by-iaf-chief-air-chief-marshal-ap-singh-article-151623953 |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 May 2025 |title='We should go for the kill': IAF chief Amar Preet Singh led India's bold mission to strike Pakistan's Nur Khan base |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/we-should-go-for-the-kill-iaf-chief-amar-preet-singh-led-india-s-bold-mission-to-strike-pakistan-s-nur-khan-base-13022226.html|access-date=13 May 2025 |work=Moneycontrol}}</ref> A wave of one-way loitering munitions, including Israeli-made [[IAI Harop]] and Polish [[Warmate]] 5.0 drones, was deployed. These drones served dual purposes, probing and assessing the reaction parameters of [[HQ-9|HQ-9BE]] short-range SAM systems and neutralising or degrading the target acquisition and illumination radars of [[HQ-16|HQ-16FE]] medium-range SAM systems. This preparatory tactic weakened the defensive envelope of the targeted sites, thereby facilitating the success of the subsequent cruise missile strikes.<ref name=afm1>{{cite magazine|title=A close call|url=https://www.key.aero/article/close-call|magazine=[[AirForces Monthly]]|publisher=[[Key Publishing]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20251003130848/https://www.key.aero/article/airforces-monthly-july-2025?pageNumber=1|archive-date=3 October 2025|access-date=9 October 2025}}</ref> According to Pakistan, the PAF intercepted and destroyed 84 Israeli-made [[Harop drone]]s sent by India.<ref name="AZERTAG_Bunyan" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2025 |title=Number of Indian drones downed by Pakistan reaches 77: security sources |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2544893/n|access-date=9 May 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> The drone strikes were followed by [[Su-30MKI]] aircraft of the IAF launching between fifteen and eighteen supersonic [[BrahMos]] missiles, typically one per aircraft, caused considerable damage. Simultaneously, [[Dassault Rafale|Rafale EH]] aircraft from [[No. 17 Squadron IAF|No. 17 Squadron]] employed at least ten [[SCALP-EG]] missiles. These precision strikes were focused on degrading Pakistan's air defense capabilities and operational infrastructure. The targets included four early warning radar installations, seven PAF air bases, and one forward operating base.<ref name=afm1/> [[PAF Base Nur Khan]] came under both missile and drone attacks.<ref name="reuters_pulledback" /><ref name="nyt_unfolded" /> A missile strike hit the operations room of the 35 Composite Transport Wing, destroying two fuel trucks, with collateral damage to at least one [[C-130 Hercules]] medium-lift tactical transport aircraft.The barrage took out two roofs and hit the hangar of a refueling plane, according to one of the officials, who visited the base the next day.<ref name="reuters_pulledback" /><ref name="nyt_unfolded" /> According to William Goodhind, a geospatial analyst at Contested Ground, two mobile control centers at the Nur Khan airbase were damaged.<ref name="wp_postanalysis" /><ref name=afm1/> An apparent missile strike created a {{Convert|60|ft|abbr=on}}-wide hole in an aircraft hangar at [[PAF Base Bholari]]. Debris was scattered across the pavement around the hangar, and the wall appeared to have collapsed onto a nearby building.<ref name="wp_postanalysis" /> This strike damaged a [[Saab 2000|Saab 2000 Erieye AEW&CS]], which the PAF said was later repaired.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> [[PAF Base Shahbaz]] was also attacked, resulting in a {{Convert|100|ft|abbr=on}}-wide hole in an aircraft hangar as well as damage to its [[air traffic control]] tower.<ref name="wp_postanalysis" /> At [[PAF Base Mushaf]], the Indian military claimed to have used precision weapons to strike two sections of the runway. Later satellite imagery showed a crater on the runway.<ref name="nyt_satelliteimagery" /> The runway was made operational within a few hours.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> At [[PAF Base Murid]] and [[PAF Base Rafiqui]], BrahMos missiles targeted an [[Unmanned aerial vehicle]](UAV) command shelter and the operations room of the 34 Tactical Air Wing, respectively. At PAF Base Sukkur, a hangar and an electronic warfare (EW) radar installation were destroyed by missile strikes.<ref name=afm1/> Satellite imagery taken after the Indian strike showed a crater on the [[Rahim Yar Khan Airport]] runway that was not present in earlier images.<ref name="nyt_satelliteimagery" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Following India's airstrike, Pakistan declares Rahim Yar Khan airbase's sole runway non-operational for a week |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/aviation/india-airstrike-pakistan-rahim-yar-khan-airbase-runway-closed-9996249/ |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The airport's Royal Lounge was damaged in the attack and a {{Convert|10|ft|abbr=on}}-wide crater was created in the [[Airport apron|apron]] area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2025 |title=Rahim Yar Khan's Sheikh Zayed airport damaged by Indian strike |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1910184|access-date=17 May 2025 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> The air strikes were also executed against early warning radar installations of the [[Pakistan Army]] Air Defence Corps (PAADC), including one located in Gujranwala.<ref name=afm1/> Pakistan Army spokesman said that India fired ballistic missiles from Adampur that fell into its own territory,<ref name="Clary">{{citation |first=Christopher |last=Clary |title=Four Days in May: The India-Pakistan Crisis of 2025 |publisher=Stimson Center |date=28 May 2025 |url=https://www.stimson.org/2025/four-days-in-may-the-india-pakistan-crisis-of-2025/}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-armys-spokesman-claims-india-fired-ballistic-missiles-that-fell-into-2025-05-09/ Pakistan Army's spokesman claims India fired ballistic missiles that fell into Indian territory], Reuters, 9 May 2025</ref> and added that India had targeted [[Afghanistan]] with missile and drone strikes.<ref name="Dawn_IN_PK_live">{{Cite web |date=10 May 2025 |title=India has fired missiles at Afghanistan and used drones: DG ISPR (03:21am) |url=https://www.dawn.com/live/pakistan-india-tensions |access-date=7 June 2025 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Tribune_ballistic">{{Cite web |last=Yousaf |first=Kamran |date=10 May 2025 |title=India goes ballistic, hits own people |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2545048/i |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nur Khan, Murid and Shorkot bases targeted with air-launched missiles |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1310137-india-launched-missiles-at-three-airbases-dg-ispr |work=[[The News International]] |date=10 May 2025 |access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Clary" /> PAF spokesperson displayed radar signatures of the BrahMos on screen and said the missiles had missed their targets and flown into Afghanistan.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> India denied the allegations, calling the claims "ludicrous" and "frivolous".<ref name="Transcript10May">{{Cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=Transcript of Special briefing on OPERATION SINDOOR (May 10, 2025) |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39486/Transcript_of_Special_briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_10_2025 |access-date=10 May 2025 |work=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kant |first=Rishi |date=10 May 2025 |title=India-Pak conflict: Foreign Secy Vikram Misri tears into Pak's lies, says India responded with restraint and resolve |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/business-news/india-pak-conflict-foreign-secy-vikram-misri-tears-into-paks-lies-says-india-responded-with-restraint-and-resolve/122970 |access-date=6 June 2025 |website=[[Fortune India]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ToloNews_rejects">{{cite web |date=22 May 2025 |title=Ministry Rejects Pakistan Claims of Indian Attacks on Afghan Soil |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-194253/ |website=[[Tolo News]]}}</ref> The [[Taliban]] government of Afghanistan also denied Pakistani claims of Indian attacks on Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 May 2025 |title=Pakistan accuses India of drone strikes in Afghanistan |url=https://amu.tv/173194/ |website=[[Amu TV]]}}</ref><ref name="ToloNews_rejects" /> It was termed a "bizarre and unsubstantiated claim" by Christopher Clary.<ref name="Clary" /> Pakistan said that all [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) assets at targeted bases remained safe. Pakistani media reported that Sheikh Zayed International Airport in [[Rahim Yar Khan]] was targeted and suffered structural damage.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2025 |title=India targets Sheikh Zayed International airport in Rahim Yar Khan |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2545081/i |access-date=16 May 2025 |work=[[The Express Tribune]]}}</ref> The airport was named after [[Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan]] and is regarded as a symbol of [[Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations|Pak-UAE friendship]]. Although commercial flights have been suspended since 2023, the airport was occasionally used by members of the [[House of Nahyan]] via the Royal Lounge, which was among the facilities destroyed in the attack.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rahim Yar Khan's Sheikh Zayed airport damaged by Indian strike|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1910184/|work=Dawn|date=11 May 2025|access-date=12 June 2025}}</ref> The Pakistan military later confirmed that six of its airmen were killed during the Indian air strikes including 5 deaths at Bholari and one at Sargodha;<ref name="wp_postanalysis">{{cite news |last1=Piper |first1=Imogen |title=Indian strikes on Pakistan damaged six airfields, Post analysis finds |date=14 May 2025 |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/14/india-pakistan-strikes-conflict-damage/ |last2=Hill |first2=Evan |last3=Javaid |first3=Maham |last4=Noack |first4=Rick |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515233533/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/14/india-pakistan-strikes-conflict-damage/ |archive-date=15 May 2025 }}</ref> [[Chief Minister of Sindh]], [[Murad Ali Shah]], also later said that nine personnel injured in Indian attacks <ref name="Dawn_Sindh">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2025 |title=CM Sindh announces compensation for martyrs, injured in Indian attacks |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1911205 |access-date=30 May 2025 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> ===Operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos=== In retaliation for Indian strikes, the PAF carried out a coordinated retaliatory air campaign. The primary objective of the operation was to disrupt IAF infrastructure and operational readiness, particularly by targeting airbases and logistical nodes near the [[Indo-Pakistani border]]. [[JF-17]] multirole fighter aircraft launched stand-off munitions, including air-launched cruise missiles, against several Indian military installations, including [[Udhampur Air Force Station|Udhampur]], [[Adampur Air Force Station|Adampur]], and [[Pathankot Air Force Station|Pathankot]] air force stations, as well as weapon storage facilities in [[Uri, Jammu and Kashmir|Uri]], [[Nagrota army base|Nagrota]], and [[Beas Airport|Beas]].<ref name=afm1/> The PAF struck and destroyed the [[Integrated Air Command and Control System]] (IACCS) at [[Barnala]], effectively stopping communications between the IAF leadership and its fighters.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> JF-17C Thunder Block 3 aircraft from [[No. 14 Squadron PAF|No. 14 Squadron]], and operating from [[PAF Base Rafiqui]], conducted a Destruction of Enemy Air Defence (DEAD) mission to destroy the [[S-400]] system at Adampur. The aircraft employed electronic countermeasures, decoys, and evasive manoeuvres to approach the S-400 system and fired [[CM-400AKG]] missiles at low-altitude and [[early-warning radar]] installations.<ref name=afm1/><ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/><ref name=scc>{{cite magazine|last1=Mihajlovic|first1=Mike|title=The S-400 quandary|magazine=[[AirForces Monthly]]|publisher=[[Key Aero]]|url=https://www.key.aero/article/s-400-quandary|date=15 September 2025|access-date=20 October 2025}}</ref> Pakistan said that a mobile 91N6E (NATO name "Big Bird") acquisition radar was destroyed by a CM-400AKG, and that a 96L6E (NATO name "Cheese Board") 3D early-warning and acquisition radar was also successfully targeted.<ref name=scc/> According to ''[[AirForces Monthly]]'', independent analysis of low-resolution satellite images revealed evidence of burn marks and disturbed ground at the suspected S-400 site, suggesting that key components of the battery may have been struck or degraded.<ref name=afm1/> In another report, ''AirForces Monthly'' said that one thing is certain that without on-site photographs, authenticated radar recordings, and parametric analysis, what truly occurred between these two systems remains, for the time being, a matter of speculation and personal interpretation.<ref name=scc/> PAF also deployed domestically developed [[unmanned aerial vehicles]] (UAVs), described as "killer drones" over multiple locations in India. The drones flew over airbases carrying up to 20 kg of explosives. Over several hours, the PAF struck 34 targets across different Indian bases, with approximately half targeted by manned aircraft and the remainder by UAVs.<ref name="KeyAeroRafaleKills"/> India said that its air defence systems successfully intercepted and shot down hundreds of drones and loitering munitions launched by Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Operation SINDOOR: India's Strategic Clarity and Calculated Force |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128748 |access-date=14 May 2025 |agency=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Operation SINDOOR: Forging One Force |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2129453#:~:text=These%20units%20were%20instrumental%20in,both%20military%20and%20civilian%20infrastructure.|access-date=18 May 2025 |agency=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> The Indian Army released images of what it said were debris of Pakistani [[YIHA-III]] [[kamikaze drones]] destroyed by air defence units. It said multiple armed drones were spotted flying over Khasa Cantonment in [[Amritsar]] at approximately 5 am and that the attempt had endangered residential areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2025 |title=Army releases photos of Pakistani drone debris after neutralizing threat over Amritsar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/army-releases-photos-of-pakistani-drone-debris-after-neutralizing-threat-over-amritsar-2722598-2025-05-10 |access-date=10 May 2025 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> == Impacts == Pakistani airspace was closed for 48 hours and all flights were cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flight operations resume at major airports after 8-hour shutdown |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/1309165-flight-operations-resume-at-major-airports-after-8-hour-shutdown |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=The News International }}</ref> In [[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Punjab]], schools and colleges were closed, and [[Cambridge International Education|CIE]] examinations were cancelled in most of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Educational Institutions Closed, BISE (Inter) Exam Postponed For 7th May |url=https://www.urdupoint.com/en/pakistan/educational-institutions-closed-bise-inter-1975382.html |access-date=7 May 2025 |work=Urdu Point }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=PM session exams cancelled for CIE students in Lahore |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2025/05/08/pm-session-exams-cancelled-for-cie-students-in-lahore/ |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=Pakistan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2025 |title=O/A Level exams suspended in Punjab, AJK for May 9 |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2544751/o |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> In India, at least 25 airports in the north and west were shut down until 10 May.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2025 |title=Operation Sindoor: India closes 25 airports, cancels 300+ flights after missile strikes on terror camps – CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/aviation/operation-sindoor-india-missile-strikes-pakistan-25-airports-closed-300-flights-cancelled-19600906.htm |access-date=8 May 2025 |work=[[CNBC TV18]] }}</ref> The Indian Air Force took control of [[Srinagar Airport]] and civil operations were stopped for an indefinite period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2025 |title=IAF Control Srinagar Airport: Civilian Flights Suspended Amid Operation Sindoor |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/iaf-takes-control-of-srinagar-airport-after-operation-sindoor-civilian-flight-operations-suspended-3528343 |access-date=8 May 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> The [[2025 Indian Premier League]] transferred a match between [[Punjab Kings]] and the [[Mumbai Indians]] scheduled at [[Dharamsala]] on 11 May to [[Ahmedabad]], citing the closure of [[Kangra Airport]] and other logistical issues caused by the ongoing tensions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/punjab-mumbai-ipl-venue-change-2bcebfa42cf444ca412b6ea33dfe452a |title=Punjab-Mumbai IPL game shifted to Ahmedabad because of India-Pakistan tensions|date=9 May 2025|access-date=9 May 2025|work=[[AP News]]}}</ref> Similarly, during the [[2025 Pakistan Super League]], a match between [[Karachi Kings]] and [[Peshawar Zalmi]] could not be played.<ref name=pslmatchpostponed/> On 9 May, both the tournaments were delayed because of bad situation.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Amlan Chakraborty |title=India suspends IPL for a week, Pakistan postpones games amid conflict |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/pakistan-moves-t20-league-indias-ipl-awaits-government-advice-2025-05-09 |access-date=20 May 2025 |work=Reuters |date=20 May 2025}}</ref> Stock markets in India and Pakistan experienced significant volatility through the week due to escalating geopolitical tensions, but rebounded sharply on 12 May following the ceasefire agreement.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2025 |title=Stock market today: Nifty50 ends above 24,900; BSE Sensex rallies 3,000 points to cross 82,400 – top 5 reasons for rally |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/stock-market-today-nse-nifty50-bse-sensex-may-12-2025-india-pakistan-ceasefire-global-markets-us-china-trade-deal/articleshow/121094342.cms |access-date=12 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2025 |title=Pakistan stock market KSE 100 surges over 9% on India-Pakistan ceasefire; trading halted for an hour |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/india-pakistan-ceasefire-impact-pakistan-stock-market-karachi-100-stock-exchange-may-12-2025/articleshow/121098715.cms |access-date=12 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Reports that a [[Rafale]] had been downed were followed by a dip in the share price of [[Dassault Aviation]], the manufacturer of the aircraft. [[Indonesia]], which had placed outstanding orders for Rafales, announced that it was reconsidering its procurement plans and was evaluating China's [[J-10C]] fighter as an alternative.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shah|first1=Saeed|last2=Patel|first2=Shivam|title=How Pakistan shot down India's cutting-edge fighter using Chinese gear|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/how-pakistan-shot-down-indias-cutting-edge-fighter-using-chinese-gear-2025-08-02/|work=[[Reuters]]|date=2 August 2025|access-date=1 October 2025}}</ref> India costed more damaged than Pakistan because of destroyed jets and infrastructure but Pakistan also costed damage on infrastructure. ==Aftermaths== ==Notes== {{notelist}} {{reflist|group=note}} == See also == *[[Protests against the 2025 India-Pakistan conflict]] *[[2025 Indo-Pak ceasefire agreement]] == References == [[Category:May 2025 events]] [[Category:2025 in India]] [[Category:2025 in Pakistan]] {{reflist|refs= <ref name="BBC_firstdronewar">{{cite news |title=The first drone war opens a new chapter in India-Pakistan conflict |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy6w6507wqo |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[BBC]]}}</ref> <ref name="cnn20250506">{{cite news |title=India strikes deep inside Pakistan, Pakistan claims 5 Indian jets shot down, in major escalation |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-conflict-hnk-intl |work=[[CNN News]] |date=7 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |archive-date=7 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507103203/https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/06/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-conflict-hnk-intl |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="cnnlive20250510">{{Cite web |last=Sangal |first=Aditi |last2=Mogul |first2=Rhea |last3=Saifi |first3=Sophia |last4=Mitra |first4=Esha |last5=Stambaugh |first5=Alex |last6=Legge |first6=James |last7=Tanno |first7=Sophie |last8=Edwards |first8=Christian |last9=Vogt |first9=Adrienne |date=2025-05-10 |title=India-Pakistan truce appears to hold despite accusations of violations |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/india-pakistan-operation-sindoor-05-10-25#cmajr7evd00003b6n4uyzidtg |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="ISPRpress11may">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Armed forces honour pledge to nation against Indian aggression: DG ISPR |url=https://www.radio.gov.pk/12-05-2025/armed-forces-honour-pledge-to-nation-against-indian-aggression-dg-ispr |website=[[Radio Pakistan]]}}</ref> <ref name="nationalinterest20250508">{{cite web |last1=Weichert |first1=Brandon J. |title=How Chinese Missiles Routed India’s Air Force Over Pakistan |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/how-chinese-missiles-routed-indias-air-force-over-pakistan |website=[[The National Interest]] |date=8 May 2025 |quote=Their successful engagement downing five IAF warplanes is a tremendous blow to the IAF, as well as to India’s military.}}</ref> <ref name="Reuters_Kashmirkillings">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/what-happened-indias-attack-pakistan-over-kashmir-tourists-killings-2025-05-07/|title=What has happened in India and Pakistan as they fight over Kashmir killings|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=9 May 2025|quote=Four local government sources in Indian Kashmir told Reuters three fighter jets had crashed in separate areas of the Himalayan region during the night, with their pilots admitted to hospital.}}</ref> <ref name="USMay8">{{cite news |title=Exclusive: Pakistan's Chinese-made jet brought down two Indian fighter aircraft, US officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/pakistans-chinese-made-jet-brought-down-two-indian-fighter-aircraft-us-officials-2025-05-08/ |agency=[[Reuters]] |access-date=8 May 2025 |date=8 May 2025 |first1=Saeed |last1=Shah |first2=Idrees |last2=Ali}}</ref> <ref name="washingtonpost20250509">{{cite news |last1=Piper |first1=Imogen |last2=Ley |first2=Jarrett |last3=Javaid |first3=Maham |title=At least two Indian jets appear to have crashed during Pakistan strikes, visuals show |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/05/09/fighter-jets-india-pakistan-attack/ |access-date=9 May 2025 |agency=[[Washington Post]] |date=9 May 2025}}</ref>}} {{Kashmir conflict}} kb3ieb12jk25w1zn0o12yfxe5l4dlbv 2 1190319 10882860 10881434 2026-06-10T02:50:48Z Garsh2 1475106 Logging quick deletion nomination of [[Finding Marlin]]. 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notified {{user|68.205.198.149}} 05:00, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mahbubur Rahman Sufil]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:02, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Atikuzzaman]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:05, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bob Weinstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|136.50.50.34}} 17:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|81.129.142.62}} 18:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Hecto-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:50, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Quetta-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dodo Denney]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 01:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) === July 2025 === # [[:CSOP Asset Management]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); 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notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Derek Drymon]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aaron Springer]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Merriwether Williams]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Art director]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Snow Queen 2]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wapping railway station]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:03, 24 August 2025 (UTC) === January 2026 === # [[:Screen cracks]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Single-colored]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Marquis of Baden]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Massiota}} 01:50, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Endless runner]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-11569-8}} 01:51, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Electorate of Saxony]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2025-41862-48}} 01:53, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lüdersdorf]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-13487-0}} 06:50, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Web proxy]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-13111-8}} 06:51, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16040-7}} 04:27, 9 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Isha Ambani]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19480-9}} 01:35, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tance To Dance]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 23:50, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-32524-2}} 02:13, 16 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Laurent Mekies]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-51959-1}} 04:15, 25 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Super Bowl LX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-59038-4}} 22:18, 27 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:56, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The End (The Doors song)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:29, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Angry Birds Movie 3]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:32, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Meir Ettinger]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Tzombati}} 19:28, 31 January 2026 (UTC) === February 2026 === # [[:HaLiba]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|KahnaMarcus.14427}} 23:02, 3 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graham Edwards (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); 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notified {{user|Aroldo Henrique Pegoraro de Almeida}} 01:21, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Toy Story Mania! (video game)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-11835-37}} 01:34, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 22:37, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Scarabaeidae]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Enrique Cruz]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:18, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramraja Shrestha]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 23:28, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The dog ate my homework]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12186-35}} 23:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Muhammad Nizami]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 02:02, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Emanuel Sefullahu}} 05:22, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. N. Balakumar]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Bppss}} 05:37, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tieskey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-12383-69}} 16:36, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Epstein Files Transparency Act]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liora Vane]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Political commentator]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:45, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Evie Christian]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kylie Rocket]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:48, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Samantha Reigns]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dungeness crab potatchos]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Ace]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Tee]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Los Archivos De Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cremona elephant]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:55, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bagdemagus]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-12618-68}} 22:11, 25 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:People from Beit El]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 04:18, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lehava]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|MikeSzombathy}} 04:30, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-12870-08}} 00:08, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The nicest people on earth]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Kely2032}} 00:56, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Konstantin Makovsky]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12919-42}} 05:04, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Vija773899/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Vija773899}} 15:22, 27 February 2026 (UTC) === March 2026 === # [[:Bordure]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13403-12}} 21:54, 1 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Advanced placement]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13444-30}} 00:41, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mathias Damour]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-13460-83}} 06:11, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-13423-98}} 02:37, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dr. Victor Alewo Adoji]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|MakingTool}} 02:38, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Search results for term inculcating “Aujla” caste]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13704-40}} 04:31, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gypsy men]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-14011-46}} 00:15, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:H. D. Revanna]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-14163-93}} 05:29, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smiling Friends]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-39988}} 21:05, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Henry I, King of England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 21:11, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Empire sikh]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G2|G2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#R3|R3]]); notified {{user|~2026-14565-33}} 01:42, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie erreicht man Pegasus Airlines? (24/7-Hotline)]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:21, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mitä tarkoittaa Finnair Plus numero? 24H]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:23, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Voiko Finnairin lipun vaihtaa? 24hrs]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:40, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Er det multi å ridge norwegian konrad 47]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:46, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Commonwealth heads of government]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14753-84}} 22:22, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alfafaa (platform)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|AlfafaaUser}} 22:26, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yellow grey]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-14578-68}} 02:46, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Raynan Rizky Akbar]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-14831-37}} 15:58, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Playhouse Disney United States Original Current Productions Logo Jungle Jumble Coming Up Next]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:05, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Machus Red Fox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14823-34}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dagestan ASSR]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14917-32}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RajaliSpring}} 18:40, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Influencer]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Diademchild}} 18:59, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Jeffrey Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14976-11}} 03:47, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Siddhiganaraya Molleti]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Sihubfine}} 04:09, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Masked ROM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 13:40, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Purism]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14950-16}} 21:56, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-15058-16}} 04:01, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lena Meyer Whitaker]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14721-90}} 04:06, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2022 Singapore Grand Prix]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15342-97}} 02:20, 11 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fahad Mustafa]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-15597-73}} 00:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Kumail Hyder Shah]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 01:37, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bat's Head]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15650-50}} 04:09, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aqará]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 19:43, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Hunt]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 20:34, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nissan 180SX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15865-77}} 03:00, 13 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alejandra Ico Chub]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Pedrocharlam1355}} 21:53, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-16252-42}} 21:54, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Operation Paperclip]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16132-33}} 21:55, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 5th century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 19:37, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 1st century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:43, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:45, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otto Jespersen]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:23, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Idiom Neutral]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Interlinguistics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amish way of life]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ancient Armenian translated literature]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Anti-austerity movement in Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Argentine War of Independence]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Louis de Beaufront]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rémi Brague]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Byzantine fortifications]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the modern era]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Codex Calixtinus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Crimean Estonians]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:28, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:29, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:First World War in Latvia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historia Salonitana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historical maps of Stockholm]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of Argentina (1946-1955)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of New Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of the Papacy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kauhajoki Uprising]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Livonian-Lithuanian Union]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sergey Malyutin]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:May Fourth Movement]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Medieval Estonia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mining in Germany]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Volkolak]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vijayanagara literature in Kannada]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tikėjimo žodis]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Teachings of Pope John Paul II]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:41, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Socratic problem]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hellmut Röhnisch]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Papacy in the Middle Ages]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Norrala Royal Estate]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicomachean Ethics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:44, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:East Herzegovina]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16657-91}} 22:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aspect-oriented programming]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:36, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ermelo, Mpumalanga]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Funky Frog Bait]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 01:43, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edward Louis Severson, Jr.]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:38, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tomer Bar]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 05:41, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt}} 04:06, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Counter-Strike: Condition Zero]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-16701-10}} 04:11, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nutritional science]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:21, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Artistic depictions of Viriathus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?}} 04:49, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-17026-92}} 00:15, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Attack on Titan (movie)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-17180-50}} 00:31, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ian Hart]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Posidonius]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:50, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Transavia ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Creating Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Service Client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann ich Eurowings telefonisch erreichen? Kontakt 24H]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:03, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Eurowings kundenservice Kontakt)Was kostet ein Anruf bei Eurowings?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:05, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Shambhunathaamm}} 05:17, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. C. Tyagi]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-17363-57}} 05:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:55, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 06:25, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Window fan]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-17476-50}} 16:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naubat Khana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 20:09, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:20, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hossein Dehghan]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:24, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Israel Katz]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:27, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amir Hatami]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:31, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Abdolrahim Mousavi]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:33, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Seyed Majid Ebn-e-Reza]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:34, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:36, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:10, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Haberomeda]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:11, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of NGC objects (10001–20000)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:14, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lesser Antillean Iguana]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17785-45}} 01:17, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Boo (Character from Bear Academy)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17530-07}} 03:13, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Nanona15dobato]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Daraku K.]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rodger Pekarek]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 02:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Saad Kassis-Mohamed]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Nbbutf789y}} 03:51, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mk Timothy]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|KewAngolo}} 04:04, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Pakpour]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:41, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:43, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eyal Zamir]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:46, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Al-Fajr Forces]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:47, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:50, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:57, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:59, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conde McCullough]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18317-99}} 20:15, 23 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muslim Students' Association Indonesia Medical Brawijaya (HMI FK UB)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Emperor's New Clothes (song)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-18066-48}} 04:40, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Adam Hamid]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18347-38}} 14:38, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald Duck filmography]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:15, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald's Ostrich]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:16, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Loony left]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 20:52, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sola Akingbola]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18712-24}} 04:04, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:WaywardCrow]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|WaywardCrow}} 04:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter BA ? FRANCE-CONTACT]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-18697-89}} 04:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Depraved-heart murder]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Small Is Beautiful]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:53, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cities of Salt]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:54, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smoked meat]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18880-27}} 20:34, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:제주항공에 문의하려면 어떻게 해야 하나요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nick2486451}} 21:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:에어프레미아 한국 고객 센터 전화번호는 무엇인가요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Chrisgatr21}} 17:40, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Junia Tertia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19142-22}} 17:48, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:18, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bietet United einen Live-Chat-Support an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:24, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Scandinavian Airlines an? telefonnummer 24h]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:44, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Vueling ? GUIDE 2026]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter French Bee en France ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Avianca ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment parler directement sur Latam Airlines ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-19518-30}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Air Caraïbes par téléphone ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:54, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Mozambique floods]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19575-24}} 02:24, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-19587-70}} 02:26, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم خدمة عملاء مصر للطيران في مصر]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-19919-92}} 00:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم الاتصال بشركة سويفت إير المغرب]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Gujiytar56}} 00:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chuukese people]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 00:09, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:US Attorney general]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19877-21}} 01:16, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:1934 Montreux Fascist conference]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-19835-94}} 01:27, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann man bei booking reservieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:15, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edreams sitzplatzreservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:20, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking com reservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:23, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man auf booking.com reservieren?(Booking com reservierung)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:37, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man bei Booking noch stornieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:38, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gewährt booking.com vollständige Rückerstattungen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:41, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking erstattung beantragen]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange dauert die Erstattung bei booking?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man von booking Geld zurück bekommen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking.com Erstattung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Castiglioni Method]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 15:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chrissie Carnell Bixler]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|GJK&XMK2026}} 15:49, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conflict in interest of Pati-Surabaya Trail]]: [[WP:QD#R2|CSD R2]] ({{tl|db-rediruser}}) 16:30, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie bekomme ich von booking.com mein Geld zurück?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lautet die Kontaktnummer für eDreams?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 한국 고객센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kuuytetta45}} 21:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vivarium]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|~2026-20109-19}} 21:58, 31 March 2026 (UTC) === April 2026 === # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20144-42}} 04:31, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cw Gróup Ibiza]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20230-91}} 17:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mythology (UK band)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-20238-42}} 18:02, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:I hate Passengerpigeon]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나 해외 고객센터]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Looliporwvvs54}} 20:10, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Red Sea Riviera]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-20204-55}} 20:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kutaerrr65}} 20:37, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Transjordan]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nig8j9g8i7nu5hby6gt5r4}} 20:38, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Luusttgdr5456}} 20:50, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter Norwegian en français ? (Norwegian service client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RakkkuLaaal}} 05:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Clinique]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|IZ041}} 01:56, 4 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eterno (politician)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20926-35}} 22:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Róa]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21084-41}} 22:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Earn2trade code promo 'keri' up to 70% any evaluation]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-20819-58}} 23:18, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Address Unknown (1935 movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|JavedKhanani}} 23:28, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Douchebag]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|Saint Nerona Imu, founder of the 20 kingdoms}} 00:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33 and bonus structures 2026 trading incentives and rebate models analysis]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-21153-33}} 03:34, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Beylik of Dulkadir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Diyarbekir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eastern Anatolia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Qizilbash]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:World Expo 2010]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:12, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cro (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21397-58}} 02:42, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Translational regulation]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21252-96}} 02:48, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Holloway, London]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-21195-11}} 02:53, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21326-57}} 03:00, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Let it Go, and let God do (Book)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Prince Zian}} 06:32, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Memphis Summer Storm of 2003]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:48, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Jannik Vestergaard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21853-42}} 04:25, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template talk:A-Z multipage list/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-21959-72}} 23:54, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:2607:FEA8:3360:7600:DB6:E09A:F936:7782]]: [[WP:QD#U2|CSD U2]] ({{tl|db-nouser}}) 00:40, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Trials of Apollo]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22085-41}} 19:42, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2030 Romanian presidential election]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Liviu Președintele}} 18:18, 11 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22261-96}} 00:09, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alessandro Aragona]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Avvento Civile]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Batman: Resurrection]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Child pornography laws in the Philippines]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Draught animal]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Inhumans]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mirror website]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohd Faiz Subri]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wagyu cattle]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:32, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chris Mueller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22898-59}} 21:35, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Violalin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 21:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pur Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:A Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:North Korea–United States relations]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22814-70}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graywacke]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22778-06}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Karen Brown]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 04:05, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Railway accident]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-23385-49}} 21:10, 15 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Emer Kenny]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Jhgfdfge}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Centennial High School (Compton, California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-23602-91}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:SASPSTER (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-23220-45}} 20:14, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muo Zedong!]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-23429-86}} 20:23, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A5|A5]]); notified {{user|~2026-23642-49}} 13:54, 17 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:ธีรวุฒิ คูณชัย]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-23877-54}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:FAQs Como entrar em contacto com a TAP?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Oliverg8765}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET Today: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:BHRT]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|WWmah}} 18:54, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Romppel]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:41, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rivers of Blood speech]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Sadsam123}} 22:24, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Puffing Billy Preservation Society]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-24254-33}} 22:27, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Tfyghuasd}} 04:40, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]) 20:10, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph kargbo (musicien)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-24536-63}} 20:43, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Glenn Miller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-24610-32}} 02:17, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pupu (character from the pinkfong series)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-24522-24}} 02:19, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nathan Sterling]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-25009-34}} 21:24, 23 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-24864-16}} 03:46, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lawrence Plett]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 03:51, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:KuyaMoHirowo]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|KuyaMoHirowo and Staraction}} 05:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/TraceX Guard (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 04:22, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gmaer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 05:38, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:リリヤヤムメーカー]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25511-09}} 03:45, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dria Kamo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 03:50, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The5ers Coupon SAVEOFF – Reduce Your Fees by 10% Now]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-25483-66}} 06:14, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tiger-Man]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:51, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2026 Italian rail sabotage]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:38, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 00:18, 28 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Book Award for Young People's Literature]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-25992-21}} 01:58, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ben Wahamaki]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-25984-71}} 02:00, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Green apple]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25866-30}} 02:16, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Assassination of Marielle Franco]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:18, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sant'Agostino, Rome]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-26112-29}} 04:12, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fairplay24]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Fairplay24}} 13:51, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mary Ann Crowe]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Travyio99}} 13:52, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alt Conflict]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 13:54, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤항문]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:내란우두머리]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) === May 2026 === # [[:1win Code PLAYHARD500 – 500% Deposit Bonus up to $1720]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-26458-35}} 19:41, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1440 Yuki Shiromitas timer (Every 60 Yuki Shiromitas in Africa, a minute passes)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-26690-65}} 19:50, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-833-498-8688 ZIPAIRのカスタマーサービスの電話番号は？]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh12q4}} 20:36, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Monroe, North Carolina]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-26646-57}} 03:44, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Got Milk?]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-26591-83}} 04:23, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ya Lil (Ramage song)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26861-69}} 05:09, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Brooke Young]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Deatnated]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27023-51}} 01:04, 4 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Books by country]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 01:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Peppa Pig: The Golden Boots]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-27520-45}} 01:50, 6 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Percocet]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27676-61}} 02:39, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dmitrii Lavrutov]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Ym9837054}} 02:45, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Phoksundo lake]] # [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:52, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26592-54}} 02:54, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong pronoun]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong gender]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:There]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ze]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Sure contractions ]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Sure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|no-content}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohawk language]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Hutorok134}} 18:06, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Autocorrect nonsense]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nyasaland3s}} 18:21, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Brock Jacobus Godfrey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|Katsheron}} 03:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Apachat]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:01, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:MeTV Toons]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-20319-44}} 04:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ekron]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28361-17}} 04:57, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:~2026-54400-13/sandbox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#U2|U2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]) 05:29, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramachary komandury]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 05:33, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicholas Hilliard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28539-56}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Prehn]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28471-54}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bea Millan-Windorski]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Nasingpet}} 19:59, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Murder of Ailish Walsh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 20:19, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-855-542-9296 (K/A). 미국 대한항공 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1ii24}} 21:13, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Brandes]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-28488-64}} 21:55, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nasheed]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28640-12}} 03:06, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dissolution of the Russian Empire]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28770-82}} 16:53, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Military of Yemen]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-27963-19}} 00:28, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:STEM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:09, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:T-joint]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-14}} 18:35, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Levon Harutunian]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-28684-81}} 18:37, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Villarrica Lake]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28922-24}} 18:39, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:How Manchester City moved two points behind Arsenal in the title race with Crystal Palace win: live updates and reaction]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|BigKrow}} 05:18, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28914-64}} 05:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:King of Rome]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29139-23}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Obamine]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29184-84}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yunus Emre Demir]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:(TJC) The Jesus Church]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 05:15, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Anthem of Mongolia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29255-50}} 05:21, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Unitins1}} 05:27, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Charlie Kirk Show]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 18:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Квантово число]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Dadsaws2324sa}} 18:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vocal tract]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29768-82}} 04:27, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Half Moon Bay (California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29652-20}} 04:42, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Skinny dip]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:43, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Quel est le numéro de téléphone de Booking.com France ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Simnikka}} 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Booking telephone france) Comment contacter le service Booking ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dookie 4-Track Demos]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-29796-50}} 18:36, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dominika Stará]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-29884-03}} 18:45, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Android 17]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:30, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dark tourist]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-30137-24}} 19:28, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Premier League]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:25, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Russian Navy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 23:54, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fr Theophane of Ponnurunni]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 17:12, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[AA. FAQ 1-855-858-7048 아메리칸 에어 라인 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1224pl}} 17:24, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:HFC-152a]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Bob1800user}} 17:26, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Kargbo Entertainement]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]); notified {{user|~2026-30399-93}} 18:03, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M. Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|AlphaBetaGamma1}} 01:49, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # <bdi>[[MacArthur Highway]]</bdi>: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nemine2X2X2}} 04:49, 23 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gilberto Mora Zambrano]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Santi Chuco}} 04:55, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Time for Payback (James Brown album)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-30947-21}} 02:08, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Sound and the Fury]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31086-56}} 17:07, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Moon Ga-young]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Management SOOP]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:33, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok pogroms]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bielsk pogroms (1941)]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bielsk riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:History of the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Palestinian Jews]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Congolese franc]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31582-96}} 03:23, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template:Retired/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-31848-63}} 03:33, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Andrea Holmes Thompkins]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Alson23}} 04:41, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:BlockSurvey]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:04, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Shia clergy]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-32045-77}} 05:37, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-32338-47}} 05:56, 31 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Messier (actor)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 06:05, 31 May 2026 (UTC) === June 2026 === # [[:Youareanidiot.cc]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:08, 3 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Thomas Reilly (baller)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]) 05:07, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) #[[:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:James Lyman Bodack]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33109-66}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ōdate, Akita]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33230-94}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dim Mak Records]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33132-80}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Callum Reid]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:49, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fiona MacKenzie]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:52, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:NF (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ewan “Wee” Campbell]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Angus Sinclair]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ralph Jasso]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33688-84}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Poop attack]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cursed cat alastor]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Finding Marlin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:50, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 514jj5i4q3gdhdpb6zfe83lxelmvbbh 10882864 10882860 2026-06-10T02:53:10Z Garsh2 1475106 Logging quick deletion nomination of [[Rolly Bundock]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882864 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a log of all [[WP:QD|quick deletion]] nominations made by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s QD module. If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the [[Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences|preferences panel]], and nominate this page for speedy deletion under [[WP:QD#U1|QD U1]]. === May 2025 === # [[:Madras State]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|2600:1009:B08A:5A0E:DC80:3510:EBB0:2F17}} 18:48, 20 May 2025 (UTC) === June 2025 === # [[:Internationalization and localization]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2601:98A:C82:4190:9C0:8BD2:C9A4:FFE8}} 20:32, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Klaragon]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:121D:D575:C87:3EFF:FE4C:F520}} 20:34, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Categorie:Snoep]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|2001:1C08:C81:4700:88F3:86CA:3CC7:B13B}} 20:36, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Acebott Co]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:1A1:50C8:3816:6AFF:FE65:3652}} 04:15, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Boeing 747-168B]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|68.205.198.149}} 05:00, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mahbubur Rahman Sufil]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:02, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Atikuzzaman]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:05, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bob Weinstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|136.50.50.34}} 17:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|81.129.142.62}} 18:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Hecto-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:50, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Quetta-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dodo Denney]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 01:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) === July 2025 === # [[:CSOP Asset Management]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Maggie JL}} 13:51, 4 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:Don't Believe the Truth]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2A00:23C6:5A82:BF01:A862:425D:CFF1:4F20}} 01:34, 5 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:LGBTQ culture]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2003:E0:7F3C:8140:9194:74E5:1612:2548}} 01:35, 5 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:London, Kiribati]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|5.150.96.15}} 15:14, 8 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:IGoodbye]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|173.79.9.187}} 23:23, 21 July 2025 (UTC) === August 2025 === # [[:Amit Tandon]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2405:201:4001:5816:245C:5DD6:8D1F:A04A}} 18:24, 9 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Sherm Cohen]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Steven Fonti]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Erik Wiese]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Derek Drymon]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aaron Springer]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Merriwether Williams]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Art director]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Snow Queen 2]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wapping railway station]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:03, 24 August 2025 (UTC) === January 2026 === # [[:Screen cracks]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Single-colored]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Marquis of Baden]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Massiota}} 01:50, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Endless runner]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-11569-8}} 01:51, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Electorate of Saxony]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2025-41862-48}} 01:53, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lüdersdorf]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-13487-0}} 06:50, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Web proxy]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-13111-8}} 06:51, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16040-7}} 04:27, 9 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Isha Ambani]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19480-9}} 01:35, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tance To Dance]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 23:50, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-32524-2}} 02:13, 16 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Laurent Mekies]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-51959-1}} 04:15, 25 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Super Bowl LX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-59038-4}} 22:18, 27 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:56, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The End (The Doors song)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:29, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Angry Birds Movie 3]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:32, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Meir Ettinger]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Tzombati}} 19:28, 31 January 2026 (UTC) === February 2026 === # [[:HaLiba]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|KahnaMarcus.14427}} 23:02, 3 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graham Edwards (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-85093-7}} 23:26, 7 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 06:09, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gamer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 22:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Queen's Rangers]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-89589-1}} 22:29, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:La Voz Argentina (season 1)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Misaelcj90}} 05:47, 14 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Ridwan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-10233-18}} 06:35, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Choral Symphonies]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:47, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Psamtik III]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10439-14}} 21:15, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Piye]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10439-14}} 21:16, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:B-Doing Loud Woods (Music)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:08, 17 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Flag of Wallis and Futuna]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10752-07}} 04:21, 18 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Long Beach Polytechnic High School]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11203-51}} 23:24, 19 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of Expo Dry Erase marker colors]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-11412-34}} 03:52, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Foreign relations of France]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:29, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:University of Tampa]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-11660-68}} 18:54, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Treaty of Karlowitz]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11728-04}} 01:53, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bergedorf (quarter)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11776-25}} 02:23, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Barilaro]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-11648-99}} 19:04, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vinícius Sgarbe]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Aroldo Henrique Pegoraro de Almeida}} 01:21, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Toy Story Mania! (video game)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-11835-37}} 01:34, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 22:37, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Scarabaeidae]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Enrique Cruz]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:18, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramraja Shrestha]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 23:28, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The dog ate my homework]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12186-35}} 23:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Muhammad Nizami]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 02:02, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Emanuel Sefullahu}} 05:22, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. N. Balakumar]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Bppss}} 05:37, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tieskey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-12383-69}} 16:36, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Epstein Files Transparency Act]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liora Vane]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Political commentator]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:45, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Evie Christian]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kylie Rocket]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:48, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Samantha Reigns]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dungeness crab potatchos]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Ace]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Tee]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Los Archivos De Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cremona elephant]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:55, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bagdemagus]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-12618-68}} 22:11, 25 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:People from Beit El]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 04:18, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lehava]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|MikeSzombathy}} 04:30, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-12870-08}} 00:08, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The nicest people on earth]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Kely2032}} 00:56, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Konstantin Makovsky]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12919-42}} 05:04, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Vija773899/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Vija773899}} 15:22, 27 February 2026 (UTC) === March 2026 === # [[:Bordure]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13403-12}} 21:54, 1 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Advanced placement]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13444-30}} 00:41, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mathias Damour]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-13460-83}} 06:11, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-13423-98}} 02:37, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dr. Victor Alewo Adoji]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|MakingTool}} 02:38, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Search results for term inculcating “Aujla” caste]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13704-40}} 04:31, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gypsy men]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-14011-46}} 00:15, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:H. D. Revanna]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-14163-93}} 05:29, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smiling Friends]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-39988}} 21:05, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Henry I, King of England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 21:11, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Empire sikh]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G2|G2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#R3|R3]]); notified {{user|~2026-14565-33}} 01:42, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie erreicht man Pegasus Airlines? (24/7-Hotline)]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:21, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mitä tarkoittaa Finnair Plus numero? 24H]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:23, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Voiko Finnairin lipun vaihtaa? 24hrs]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:40, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Er det multi å ridge norwegian konrad 47]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:46, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Commonwealth heads of government]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14753-84}} 22:22, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alfafaa (platform)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|AlfafaaUser}} 22:26, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yellow grey]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-14578-68}} 02:46, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Raynan Rizky Akbar]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-14831-37}} 15:58, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Playhouse Disney United States Original Current Productions Logo Jungle Jumble Coming Up Next]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:05, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Machus Red Fox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14823-34}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dagestan ASSR]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14917-32}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RajaliSpring}} 18:40, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Influencer]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Diademchild}} 18:59, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Jeffrey Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14976-11}} 03:47, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Siddhiganaraya Molleti]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Sihubfine}} 04:09, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Masked ROM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 13:40, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Purism]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14950-16}} 21:56, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-15058-16}} 04:01, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lena Meyer Whitaker]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14721-90}} 04:06, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2022 Singapore Grand Prix]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15342-97}} 02:20, 11 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fahad Mustafa]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-15597-73}} 00:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Kumail Hyder Shah]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 01:37, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bat's Head]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15650-50}} 04:09, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aqará]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 19:43, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Hunt]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 20:34, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nissan 180SX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15865-77}} 03:00, 13 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alejandra Ico Chub]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Pedrocharlam1355}} 21:53, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-16252-42}} 21:54, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Operation Paperclip]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16132-33}} 21:55, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 5th century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 19:37, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 1st century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:43, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:45, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otto Jespersen]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:23, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Idiom Neutral]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Interlinguistics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amish way of life]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ancient Armenian translated literature]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Anti-austerity movement in Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Argentine War of Independence]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Louis de Beaufront]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rémi Brague]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Byzantine fortifications]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the modern era]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Codex Calixtinus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Crimean Estonians]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:28, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:29, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:First World War in Latvia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historia Salonitana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historical maps of Stockholm]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of Argentina (1946-1955)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of New Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of the Papacy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kauhajoki Uprising]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Livonian-Lithuanian Union]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sergey Malyutin]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:May Fourth Movement]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Medieval Estonia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mining in Germany]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Volkolak]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vijayanagara literature in Kannada]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tikėjimo žodis]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Teachings of Pope John Paul II]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:41, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Socratic problem]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hellmut Röhnisch]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Papacy in the Middle Ages]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Norrala Royal Estate]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicomachean Ethics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:44, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:East Herzegovina]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16657-91}} 22:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aspect-oriented programming]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:36, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ermelo, Mpumalanga]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Funky Frog Bait]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 01:43, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edward Louis Severson, Jr.]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:38, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tomer Bar]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 05:41, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt}} 04:06, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Counter-Strike: Condition Zero]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-16701-10}} 04:11, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nutritional science]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:21, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Artistic depictions of Viriathus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?}} 04:49, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-17026-92}} 00:15, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Attack on Titan (movie)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-17180-50}} 00:31, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ian Hart]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Posidonius]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:50, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Transavia ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Creating Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Service Client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann ich Eurowings telefonisch erreichen? Kontakt 24H]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:03, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Eurowings kundenservice Kontakt)Was kostet ein Anruf bei Eurowings?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:05, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Shambhunathaamm}} 05:17, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. C. Tyagi]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-17363-57}} 05:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:55, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 06:25, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Window fan]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-17476-50}} 16:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naubat Khana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 20:09, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:20, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hossein Dehghan]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:24, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Israel Katz]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:27, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amir Hatami]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:31, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Abdolrahim Mousavi]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:33, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Seyed Majid Ebn-e-Reza]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:34, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:36, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:10, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Haberomeda]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:11, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of NGC objects (10001–20000)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:14, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lesser Antillean Iguana]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17785-45}} 01:17, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Boo (Character from Bear Academy)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17530-07}} 03:13, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Nanona15dobato]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Daraku K.]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rodger Pekarek]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 02:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Saad Kassis-Mohamed]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Nbbutf789y}} 03:51, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mk Timothy]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|KewAngolo}} 04:04, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Pakpour]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:41, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:43, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eyal Zamir]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:46, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Al-Fajr Forces]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:47, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:50, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:57, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:59, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conde McCullough]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18317-99}} 20:15, 23 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muslim Students' Association Indonesia Medical Brawijaya (HMI FK UB)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Emperor's New Clothes (song)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-18066-48}} 04:40, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Adam Hamid]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18347-38}} 14:38, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald Duck filmography]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:15, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald's Ostrich]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:16, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Loony left]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 20:52, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sola Akingbola]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18712-24}} 04:04, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:WaywardCrow]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|WaywardCrow}} 04:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter BA ? FRANCE-CONTACT]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-18697-89}} 04:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Depraved-heart murder]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Small Is Beautiful]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:53, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cities of Salt]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:54, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smoked meat]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18880-27}} 20:34, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:제주항공에 문의하려면 어떻게 해야 하나요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nick2486451}} 21:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:에어프레미아 한국 고객 센터 전화번호는 무엇인가요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Chrisgatr21}} 17:40, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Junia Tertia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19142-22}} 17:48, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:18, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bietet United einen Live-Chat-Support an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:24, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Scandinavian Airlines an? telefonnummer 24h]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:44, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Vueling ? GUIDE 2026]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter French Bee en France ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Avianca ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment parler directement sur Latam Airlines ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-19518-30}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Air Caraïbes par téléphone ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:54, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Mozambique floods]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19575-24}} 02:24, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-19587-70}} 02:26, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم خدمة عملاء مصر للطيران في مصر]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-19919-92}} 00:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم الاتصال بشركة سويفت إير المغرب]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Gujiytar56}} 00:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chuukese people]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 00:09, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:US Attorney general]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19877-21}} 01:16, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:1934 Montreux Fascist conference]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-19835-94}} 01:27, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann man bei booking reservieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:15, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edreams sitzplatzreservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:20, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking com reservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:23, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man auf booking.com reservieren?(Booking com reservierung)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:37, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man bei Booking noch stornieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:38, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gewährt booking.com vollständige Rückerstattungen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:41, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking erstattung beantragen]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange dauert die Erstattung bei booking?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man von booking Geld zurück bekommen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking.com Erstattung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Castiglioni Method]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 15:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chrissie Carnell Bixler]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|GJK&XMK2026}} 15:49, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conflict in interest of Pati-Surabaya Trail]]: [[WP:QD#R2|CSD R2]] ({{tl|db-rediruser}}) 16:30, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie bekomme ich von booking.com mein Geld zurück?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lautet die Kontaktnummer für eDreams?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 한국 고객센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kuuytetta45}} 21:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vivarium]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|~2026-20109-19}} 21:58, 31 March 2026 (UTC) === April 2026 === # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20144-42}} 04:31, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cw Gróup Ibiza]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20230-91}} 17:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mythology (UK band)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-20238-42}} 18:02, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:I hate Passengerpigeon]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나 해외 고객센터]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Looliporwvvs54}} 20:10, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Red Sea Riviera]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-20204-55}} 20:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kutaerrr65}} 20:37, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Transjordan]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nig8j9g8i7nu5hby6gt5r4}} 20:38, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Luusttgdr5456}} 20:50, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter Norwegian en français ? (Norwegian service client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RakkkuLaaal}} 05:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Clinique]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|IZ041}} 01:56, 4 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eterno (politician)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20926-35}} 22:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Róa]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21084-41}} 22:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Earn2trade code promo 'keri' up to 70% any evaluation]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-20819-58}} 23:18, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Address Unknown (1935 movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|JavedKhanani}} 23:28, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Douchebag]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|Saint Nerona Imu, founder of the 20 kingdoms}} 00:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33 and bonus structures 2026 trading incentives and rebate models analysis]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-21153-33}} 03:34, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Beylik of Dulkadir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Diyarbekir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eastern Anatolia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Qizilbash]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:World Expo 2010]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:12, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cro (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21397-58}} 02:42, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Translational regulation]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21252-96}} 02:48, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Holloway, London]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-21195-11}} 02:53, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21326-57}} 03:00, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Let it Go, and let God do (Book)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Prince Zian}} 06:32, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Memphis Summer Storm of 2003]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:48, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Jannik Vestergaard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21853-42}} 04:25, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template talk:A-Z multipage list/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-21959-72}} 23:54, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:2607:FEA8:3360:7600:DB6:E09A:F936:7782]]: [[WP:QD#U2|CSD U2]] ({{tl|db-nouser}}) 00:40, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Trials of Apollo]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22085-41}} 19:42, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2030 Romanian presidential election]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Liviu Președintele}} 18:18, 11 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22261-96}} 00:09, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alessandro Aragona]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Avvento Civile]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Batman: Resurrection]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Child pornography laws in the Philippines]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Draught animal]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Inhumans]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mirror website]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohd Faiz Subri]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wagyu cattle]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:32, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chris Mueller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22898-59}} 21:35, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Violalin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 21:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pur Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:A Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:North Korea–United States relations]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22814-70}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graywacke]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22778-06}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Karen Brown]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 04:05, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Railway accident]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-23385-49}} 21:10, 15 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Emer Kenny]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Jhgfdfge}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Centennial High School (Compton, California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-23602-91}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:SASPSTER (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-23220-45}} 20:14, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muo Zedong!]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-23429-86}} 20:23, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A5|A5]]); notified {{user|~2026-23642-49}} 13:54, 17 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:ธีรวุฒิ คูณชัย]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-23877-54}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:FAQs Como entrar em contacto com a TAP?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Oliverg8765}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET Today: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:BHRT]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|WWmah}} 18:54, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Romppel]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:41, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rivers of Blood speech]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Sadsam123}} 22:24, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Puffing Billy Preservation Society]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-24254-33}} 22:27, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Tfyghuasd}} 04:40, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]) 20:10, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph kargbo (musicien)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-24536-63}} 20:43, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Glenn Miller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-24610-32}} 02:17, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pupu (character from the pinkfong series)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-24522-24}} 02:19, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nathan Sterling]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-25009-34}} 21:24, 23 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-24864-16}} 03:46, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lawrence Plett]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 03:51, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:KuyaMoHirowo]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|KuyaMoHirowo and Staraction}} 05:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/TraceX Guard (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 04:22, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gmaer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 05:38, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:リリヤヤムメーカー]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25511-09}} 03:45, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dria Kamo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 03:50, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The5ers Coupon SAVEOFF – Reduce Your Fees by 10% Now]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-25483-66}} 06:14, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tiger-Man]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:51, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2026 Italian rail sabotage]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:38, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 00:18, 28 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Book Award for Young People's Literature]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-25992-21}} 01:58, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ben Wahamaki]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-25984-71}} 02:00, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Green apple]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25866-30}} 02:16, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Assassination of Marielle Franco]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:18, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sant'Agostino, Rome]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-26112-29}} 04:12, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fairplay24]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Fairplay24}} 13:51, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mary Ann Crowe]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Travyio99}} 13:52, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alt Conflict]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 13:54, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤항문]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:내란우두머리]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) === May 2026 === # [[:1win Code PLAYHARD500 – 500% Deposit Bonus up to $1720]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-26458-35}} 19:41, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1440 Yuki Shiromitas timer (Every 60 Yuki Shiromitas in Africa, a minute passes)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-26690-65}} 19:50, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-833-498-8688 ZIPAIRのカスタマーサービスの電話番号は？]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh12q4}} 20:36, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Monroe, North Carolina]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-26646-57}} 03:44, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Got Milk?]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-26591-83}} 04:23, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ya Lil (Ramage song)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26861-69}} 05:09, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Brooke Young]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Deatnated]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27023-51}} 01:04, 4 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Books by country]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 01:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Peppa Pig: The Golden Boots]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-27520-45}} 01:50, 6 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Percocet]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27676-61}} 02:39, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dmitrii Lavrutov]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Ym9837054}} 02:45, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Phoksundo lake]] # [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:52, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26592-54}} 02:54, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong pronoun]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong gender]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:There]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ze]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Sure contractions ]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Sure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|no-content}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohawk language]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Hutorok134}} 18:06, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Autocorrect nonsense]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nyasaland3s}} 18:21, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Brock Jacobus Godfrey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|Katsheron}} 03:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Apachat]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:01, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:MeTV Toons]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-20319-44}} 04:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ekron]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28361-17}} 04:57, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:~2026-54400-13/sandbox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#U2|U2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]) 05:29, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramachary komandury]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 05:33, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicholas Hilliard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28539-56}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Prehn]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28471-54}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bea Millan-Windorski]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Nasingpet}} 19:59, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Murder of Ailish Walsh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 20:19, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-855-542-9296 (K/A). 미국 대한항공 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1ii24}} 21:13, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Brandes]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-28488-64}} 21:55, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nasheed]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28640-12}} 03:06, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dissolution of the Russian Empire]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28770-82}} 16:53, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Military of Yemen]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-27963-19}} 00:28, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:STEM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:09, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:T-joint]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-14}} 18:35, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Levon Harutunian]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-28684-81}} 18:37, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Villarrica Lake]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28922-24}} 18:39, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:How Manchester City moved two points behind Arsenal in the title race with Crystal Palace win: live updates and reaction]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|BigKrow}} 05:18, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28914-64}} 05:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:King of Rome]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29139-23}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Obamine]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29184-84}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yunus Emre Demir]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:(TJC) The Jesus Church]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 05:15, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Anthem of Mongolia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29255-50}} 05:21, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Unitins1}} 05:27, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Charlie Kirk Show]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 18:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Квантово число]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Dadsaws2324sa}} 18:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vocal tract]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29768-82}} 04:27, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Half Moon Bay (California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29652-20}} 04:42, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Skinny dip]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:43, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Quel est le numéro de téléphone de Booking.com France ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Simnikka}} 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Booking telephone france) Comment contacter le service Booking ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dookie 4-Track Demos]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-29796-50}} 18:36, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dominika Stará]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-29884-03}} 18:45, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Android 17]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:30, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dark tourist]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-30137-24}} 19:28, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Premier League]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:25, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Russian Navy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 23:54, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fr Theophane of Ponnurunni]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 17:12, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[AA. FAQ 1-855-858-7048 아메리칸 에어 라인 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1224pl}} 17:24, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:HFC-152a]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Bob1800user}} 17:26, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Kargbo Entertainement]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]); notified {{user|~2026-30399-93}} 18:03, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M. Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|AlphaBetaGamma1}} 01:49, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # <bdi>[[MacArthur Highway]]</bdi>: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nemine2X2X2}} 04:49, 23 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gilberto Mora Zambrano]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Santi Chuco}} 04:55, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Time for Payback (James Brown album)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-30947-21}} 02:08, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Sound and the Fury]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31086-56}} 17:07, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Moon Ga-young]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Management SOOP]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:33, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok pogroms]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bielsk pogroms (1941)]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bielsk riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:History of the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Palestinian Jews]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Congolese franc]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31582-96}} 03:23, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template:Retired/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-31848-63}} 03:33, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Andrea Holmes Thompkins]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Alson23}} 04:41, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:BlockSurvey]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:04, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Shia clergy]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-32045-77}} 05:37, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-32338-47}} 05:56, 31 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Messier (actor)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 06:05, 31 May 2026 (UTC) === June 2026 === # [[:Youareanidiot.cc]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:08, 3 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Thomas Reilly (baller)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]) 05:07, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) #[[:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:James Lyman Bodack]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33109-66}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ōdate, Akita]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33230-94}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dim Mak Records]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33132-80}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Callum Reid]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:49, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fiona MacKenzie]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:52, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:NF (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ewan “Wee” Campbell]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Angus Sinclair]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ralph Jasso]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33688-84}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Poop attack]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cursed cat alastor]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Finding Marlin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:50, 10 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rolly Bundock]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-34283-62}} 02:53, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ciwlbl8aoq7dra9pzasi2e3avx01u0a 10882887 10882864 2026-06-10T03:22:49Z Garsh2 1475106 Logging quick deletion nomination of [[King von dead]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882887 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a log of all [[WP:QD|quick deletion]] nominations made by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s QD module. If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the [[Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences|preferences panel]], and nominate this page for speedy deletion under [[WP:QD#U1|QD U1]]. === May 2025 === # [[:Madras State]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|2600:1009:B08A:5A0E:DC80:3510:EBB0:2F17}} 18:48, 20 May 2025 (UTC) === June 2025 === # [[:Internationalization and localization]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2601:98A:C82:4190:9C0:8BD2:C9A4:FFE8}} 20:32, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Klaragon]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:121D:D575:C87:3EFF:FE4C:F520}} 20:34, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Categorie:Snoep]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|2001:1C08:C81:4700:88F3:86CA:3CC7:B13B}} 20:36, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Acebott Co]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:1A1:50C8:3816:6AFF:FE65:3652}} 04:15, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Boeing 747-168B]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|68.205.198.149}} 05:00, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mahbubur Rahman Sufil]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:02, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Atikuzzaman]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:05, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bob Weinstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|136.50.50.34}} 17:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|81.129.142.62}} 18:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Hecto-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:50, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Quetta-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dodo Denney]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 01:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) === July 2025 === # [[:CSOP Asset Management]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Maggie JL}} 13:51, 4 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:Don't Believe the Truth]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2A00:23C6:5A82:BF01:A862:425D:CFF1:4F20}} 01:34, 5 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:LGBTQ culture]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2003:E0:7F3C:8140:9194:74E5:1612:2548}} 01:35, 5 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:London, Kiribati]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|5.150.96.15}} 15:14, 8 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:IGoodbye]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|173.79.9.187}} 23:23, 21 July 2025 (UTC) === August 2025 === # [[:Amit Tandon]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2405:201:4001:5816:245C:5DD6:8D1F:A04A}} 18:24, 9 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Sherm Cohen]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Steven Fonti]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Erik Wiese]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Derek Drymon]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aaron Springer]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Merriwether Williams]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Art director]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Snow Queen 2]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wapping railway station]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:03, 24 August 2025 (UTC) === January 2026 === # [[:Screen cracks]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Single-colored]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Marquis of Baden]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Massiota}} 01:50, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Endless runner]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-11569-8}} 01:51, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Electorate of Saxony]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2025-41862-48}} 01:53, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lüdersdorf]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-13487-0}} 06:50, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Web proxy]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-13111-8}} 06:51, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16040-7}} 04:27, 9 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Isha Ambani]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19480-9}} 01:35, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tance To Dance]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 23:50, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-32524-2}} 02:13, 16 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Laurent Mekies]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-51959-1}} 04:15, 25 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Super Bowl LX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-59038-4}} 22:18, 27 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:56, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The End (The Doors song)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:29, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Angry Birds Movie 3]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:32, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Meir Ettinger]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Tzombati}} 19:28, 31 January 2026 (UTC) === February 2026 === # [[:HaLiba]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|KahnaMarcus.14427}} 23:02, 3 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graham Edwards (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-85093-7}} 23:26, 7 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 06:09, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gamer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 22:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Queen's Rangers]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-89589-1}} 22:29, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:La Voz Argentina (season 1)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Misaelcj90}} 05:47, 14 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Ridwan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-10233-18}} 06:35, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Choral Symphonies]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:47, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Psamtik III]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10439-14}} 21:15, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Piye]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10439-14}} 21:16, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:B-Doing Loud Woods (Music)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:08, 17 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Flag of Wallis and Futuna]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10752-07}} 04:21, 18 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Long Beach Polytechnic High School]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11203-51}} 23:24, 19 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of Expo Dry Erase marker colors]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-11412-34}} 03:52, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Foreign relations of France]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:29, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:University of Tampa]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-11660-68}} 18:54, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Treaty of Karlowitz]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11728-04}} 01:53, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bergedorf (quarter)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11776-25}} 02:23, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Barilaro]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-11648-99}} 19:04, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vinícius Sgarbe]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Aroldo Henrique Pegoraro de Almeida}} 01:21, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Toy Story Mania! (video game)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-11835-37}} 01:34, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 22:37, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Scarabaeidae]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Enrique Cruz]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:18, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramraja Shrestha]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 23:28, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The dog ate my homework]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12186-35}} 23:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Muhammad Nizami]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 02:02, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Emanuel Sefullahu}} 05:22, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. N. Balakumar]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Bppss}} 05:37, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tieskey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-12383-69}} 16:36, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Epstein Files Transparency Act]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liora Vane]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Political commentator]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:45, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Evie Christian]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kylie Rocket]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:48, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Samantha Reigns]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dungeness crab potatchos]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Ace]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Tee]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Los Archivos De Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cremona elephant]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:55, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bagdemagus]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-12618-68}} 22:11, 25 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:People from Beit El]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 04:18, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lehava]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|MikeSzombathy}} 04:30, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-12870-08}} 00:08, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The nicest people on earth]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Kely2032}} 00:56, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Konstantin Makovsky]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12919-42}} 05:04, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Vija773899/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Vija773899}} 15:22, 27 February 2026 (UTC) === March 2026 === # [[:Bordure]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13403-12}} 21:54, 1 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Advanced placement]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13444-30}} 00:41, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mathias Damour]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-13460-83}} 06:11, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-13423-98}} 02:37, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dr. Victor Alewo Adoji]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|MakingTool}} 02:38, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Search results for term inculcating “Aujla” caste]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13704-40}} 04:31, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gypsy men]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-14011-46}} 00:15, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:H. D. Revanna]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-14163-93}} 05:29, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smiling Friends]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-39988}} 21:05, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Henry I, King of England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 21:11, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Empire sikh]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G2|G2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#R3|R3]]); notified {{user|~2026-14565-33}} 01:42, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie erreicht man Pegasus Airlines? (24/7-Hotline)]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:21, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mitä tarkoittaa Finnair Plus numero? 24H]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:23, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Voiko Finnairin lipun vaihtaa? 24hrs]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:40, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Er det multi å ridge norwegian konrad 47]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:46, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Commonwealth heads of government]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14753-84}} 22:22, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alfafaa (platform)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|AlfafaaUser}} 22:26, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yellow grey]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-14578-68}} 02:46, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Raynan Rizky Akbar]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-14831-37}} 15:58, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Playhouse Disney United States Original Current Productions Logo Jungle Jumble Coming Up Next]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:05, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Machus Red Fox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14823-34}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dagestan ASSR]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14917-32}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RajaliSpring}} 18:40, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Influencer]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Diademchild}} 18:59, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Jeffrey Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14976-11}} 03:47, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Siddhiganaraya Molleti]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Sihubfine}} 04:09, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Masked ROM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 13:40, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Purism]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14950-16}} 21:56, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-15058-16}} 04:01, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lena Meyer Whitaker]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14721-90}} 04:06, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2022 Singapore Grand Prix]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15342-97}} 02:20, 11 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fahad Mustafa]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-15597-73}} 00:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Kumail Hyder Shah]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 01:37, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bat's Head]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15650-50}} 04:09, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aqará]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 19:43, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Hunt]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 20:34, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nissan 180SX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15865-77}} 03:00, 13 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alejandra Ico Chub]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Pedrocharlam1355}} 21:53, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-16252-42}} 21:54, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Operation Paperclip]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16132-33}} 21:55, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 5th century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 19:37, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 1st century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:43, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:45, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otto Jespersen]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:23, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Idiom Neutral]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Interlinguistics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amish way of life]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ancient Armenian translated literature]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Anti-austerity movement in Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Argentine War of Independence]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Louis de Beaufront]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rémi Brague]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Byzantine fortifications]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the modern era]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Codex Calixtinus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Crimean Estonians]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:28, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:29, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:First World War in Latvia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historia Salonitana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historical maps of Stockholm]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of Argentina (1946-1955)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of New Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of the Papacy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kauhajoki Uprising]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Livonian-Lithuanian Union]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sergey Malyutin]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:May Fourth Movement]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Medieval Estonia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mining in Germany]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Volkolak]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vijayanagara literature in Kannada]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tikėjimo žodis]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Teachings of Pope John Paul II]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:41, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Socratic problem]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hellmut Röhnisch]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Papacy in the Middle Ages]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Norrala Royal Estate]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicomachean Ethics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:44, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:East Herzegovina]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16657-91}} 22:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aspect-oriented programming]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:36, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ermelo, Mpumalanga]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Funky Frog Bait]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 01:43, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edward Louis Severson, Jr.]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:38, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tomer Bar]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 05:41, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt}} 04:06, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Counter-Strike: Condition Zero]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-16701-10}} 04:11, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nutritional science]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:21, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Artistic depictions of Viriathus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?}} 04:49, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-17026-92}} 00:15, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Attack on Titan (movie)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-17180-50}} 00:31, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ian Hart]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Posidonius]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:50, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Transavia ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Creating Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Service Client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann ich Eurowings telefonisch erreichen? Kontakt 24H]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:03, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Eurowings kundenservice Kontakt)Was kostet ein Anruf bei Eurowings?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:05, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Shambhunathaamm}} 05:17, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. C. Tyagi]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-17363-57}} 05:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:55, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 06:25, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Window fan]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-17476-50}} 16:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naubat Khana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 20:09, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:20, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hossein Dehghan]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:24, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Israel Katz]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:27, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amir Hatami]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:31, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Abdolrahim Mousavi]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:33, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Seyed Majid Ebn-e-Reza]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:34, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:36, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:10, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Haberomeda]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:11, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of NGC objects (10001–20000)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:14, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lesser Antillean Iguana]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17785-45}} 01:17, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Boo (Character from Bear Academy)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17530-07}} 03:13, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Nanona15dobato]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Daraku K.]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rodger Pekarek]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 02:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Saad Kassis-Mohamed]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Nbbutf789y}} 03:51, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mk Timothy]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|KewAngolo}} 04:04, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Pakpour]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:41, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:43, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eyal Zamir]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:46, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Al-Fajr Forces]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:47, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:50, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:57, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:59, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conde McCullough]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18317-99}} 20:15, 23 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muslim Students' Association Indonesia Medical Brawijaya (HMI FK UB)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Emperor's New Clothes (song)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-18066-48}} 04:40, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Adam Hamid]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18347-38}} 14:38, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald Duck filmography]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:15, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald's Ostrich]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:16, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Loony left]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 20:52, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sola Akingbola]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18712-24}} 04:04, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:WaywardCrow]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|WaywardCrow}} 04:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter BA ? FRANCE-CONTACT]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-18697-89}} 04:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Depraved-heart murder]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Small Is Beautiful]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:53, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cities of Salt]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:54, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smoked meat]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18880-27}} 20:34, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:제주항공에 문의하려면 어떻게 해야 하나요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nick2486451}} 21:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:에어프레미아 한국 고객 센터 전화번호는 무엇인가요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Chrisgatr21}} 17:40, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Junia Tertia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19142-22}} 17:48, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:18, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bietet United einen Live-Chat-Support an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:24, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Scandinavian Airlines an? telefonnummer 24h]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:44, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Vueling ? GUIDE 2026]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter French Bee en France ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Avianca ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment parler directement sur Latam Airlines ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-19518-30}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Air Caraïbes par téléphone ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:54, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Mozambique floods]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19575-24}} 02:24, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-19587-70}} 02:26, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم خدمة عملاء مصر للطيران في مصر]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-19919-92}} 00:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم الاتصال بشركة سويفت إير المغرب]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Gujiytar56}} 00:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chuukese people]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 00:09, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:US Attorney general]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19877-21}} 01:16, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:1934 Montreux Fascist conference]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-19835-94}} 01:27, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann man bei booking reservieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:15, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edreams sitzplatzreservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:20, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking com reservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:23, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man auf booking.com reservieren?(Booking com reservierung)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:37, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man bei Booking noch stornieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:38, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gewährt booking.com vollständige Rückerstattungen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:41, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking erstattung beantragen]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange dauert die Erstattung bei booking?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man von booking Geld zurück bekommen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking.com Erstattung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Castiglioni Method]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 15:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chrissie Carnell Bixler]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|GJK&XMK2026}} 15:49, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conflict in interest of Pati-Surabaya Trail]]: [[WP:QD#R2|CSD R2]] ({{tl|db-rediruser}}) 16:30, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie bekomme ich von booking.com mein Geld zurück?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lautet die Kontaktnummer für eDreams?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 한국 고객센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kuuytetta45}} 21:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vivarium]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|~2026-20109-19}} 21:58, 31 March 2026 (UTC) === April 2026 === # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20144-42}} 04:31, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cw Gróup Ibiza]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20230-91}} 17:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mythology (UK band)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-20238-42}} 18:02, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:I hate Passengerpigeon]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나 해외 고객센터]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Looliporwvvs54}} 20:10, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Red Sea Riviera]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-20204-55}} 20:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kutaerrr65}} 20:37, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Transjordan]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nig8j9g8i7nu5hby6gt5r4}} 20:38, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Luusttgdr5456}} 20:50, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter Norwegian en français ? (Norwegian service client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RakkkuLaaal}} 05:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Clinique]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|IZ041}} 01:56, 4 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eterno (politician)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20926-35}} 22:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Róa]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21084-41}} 22:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Earn2trade code promo 'keri' up to 70% any evaluation]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-20819-58}} 23:18, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Address Unknown (1935 movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|JavedKhanani}} 23:28, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Douchebag]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|Saint Nerona Imu, founder of the 20 kingdoms}} 00:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33 and bonus structures 2026 trading incentives and rebate models analysis]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-21153-33}} 03:34, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Beylik of Dulkadir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Diyarbekir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eastern Anatolia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Qizilbash]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:World Expo 2010]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:12, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cro (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21397-58}} 02:42, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Translational regulation]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21252-96}} 02:48, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Holloway, London]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-21195-11}} 02:53, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21326-57}} 03:00, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Let it Go, and let God do (Book)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Prince Zian}} 06:32, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Memphis Summer Storm of 2003]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:48, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Jannik Vestergaard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21853-42}} 04:25, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template talk:A-Z multipage list/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-21959-72}} 23:54, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:2607:FEA8:3360:7600:DB6:E09A:F936:7782]]: [[WP:QD#U2|CSD U2]] ({{tl|db-nouser}}) 00:40, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Trials of Apollo]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22085-41}} 19:42, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2030 Romanian presidential election]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Liviu Președintele}} 18:18, 11 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22261-96}} 00:09, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alessandro Aragona]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Avvento Civile]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Batman: Resurrection]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Child pornography laws in the Philippines]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Draught animal]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Inhumans]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mirror website]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohd Faiz Subri]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wagyu cattle]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:32, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chris Mueller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22898-59}} 21:35, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Violalin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 21:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pur Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:A Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:North Korea–United States relations]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22814-70}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graywacke]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22778-06}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Karen Brown]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 04:05, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Railway accident]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-23385-49}} 21:10, 15 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Emer Kenny]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Jhgfdfge}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Centennial High School (Compton, California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-23602-91}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:SASPSTER (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-23220-45}} 20:14, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muo Zedong!]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-23429-86}} 20:23, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A5|A5]]); notified {{user|~2026-23642-49}} 13:54, 17 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:ธีรวุฒิ คูณชัย]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-23877-54}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:FAQs Como entrar em contacto com a TAP?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Oliverg8765}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET Today: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:BHRT]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|WWmah}} 18:54, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Romppel]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:41, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rivers of Blood speech]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Sadsam123}} 22:24, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Puffing Billy Preservation Society]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-24254-33}} 22:27, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Tfyghuasd}} 04:40, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]) 20:10, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph kargbo (musicien)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-24536-63}} 20:43, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Glenn Miller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-24610-32}} 02:17, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pupu (character from the pinkfong series)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-24522-24}} 02:19, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nathan Sterling]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-25009-34}} 21:24, 23 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-24864-16}} 03:46, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lawrence Plett]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 03:51, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:KuyaMoHirowo]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|KuyaMoHirowo and Staraction}} 05:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/TraceX Guard (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 04:22, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gmaer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 05:38, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:リリヤヤムメーカー]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25511-09}} 03:45, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dria Kamo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 03:50, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The5ers Coupon SAVEOFF – Reduce Your Fees by 10% Now]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-25483-66}} 06:14, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tiger-Man]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:51, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2026 Italian rail sabotage]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:38, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 00:18, 28 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Book Award for Young People's Literature]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-25992-21}} 01:58, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ben Wahamaki]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-25984-71}} 02:00, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Green apple]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25866-30}} 02:16, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Assassination of Marielle Franco]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:18, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sant'Agostino, Rome]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-26112-29}} 04:12, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fairplay24]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Fairplay24}} 13:51, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mary Ann Crowe]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Travyio99}} 13:52, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alt Conflict]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 13:54, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤항문]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:내란우두머리]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) === May 2026 === # [[:1win Code PLAYHARD500 – 500% Deposit Bonus up to $1720]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-26458-35}} 19:41, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1440 Yuki Shiromitas timer (Every 60 Yuki Shiromitas in Africa, a minute passes)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-26690-65}} 19:50, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-833-498-8688 ZIPAIRのカスタマーサービスの電話番号は？]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh12q4}} 20:36, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Monroe, North Carolina]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-26646-57}} 03:44, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Got Milk?]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-26591-83}} 04:23, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ya Lil (Ramage song)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26861-69}} 05:09, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Brooke Young]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Deatnated]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27023-51}} 01:04, 4 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Books by country]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 01:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Peppa Pig: The Golden Boots]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-27520-45}} 01:50, 6 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Percocet]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27676-61}} 02:39, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dmitrii Lavrutov]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Ym9837054}} 02:45, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Phoksundo lake]] # [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:52, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26592-54}} 02:54, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong pronoun]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong gender]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:There]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ze]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Sure contractions ]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Sure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|no-content}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohawk language]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Hutorok134}} 18:06, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Autocorrect nonsense]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nyasaland3s}} 18:21, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Brock Jacobus Godfrey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|Katsheron}} 03:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Apachat]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:01, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:MeTV Toons]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-20319-44}} 04:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ekron]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28361-17}} 04:57, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:~2026-54400-13/sandbox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#U2|U2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]) 05:29, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramachary komandury]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 05:33, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicholas Hilliard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28539-56}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Prehn]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28471-54}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bea Millan-Windorski]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Nasingpet}} 19:59, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Murder of Ailish Walsh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 20:19, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-855-542-9296 (K/A). 미국 대한항공 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1ii24}} 21:13, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Brandes]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-28488-64}} 21:55, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nasheed]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28640-12}} 03:06, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dissolution of the Russian Empire]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28770-82}} 16:53, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Military of Yemen]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-27963-19}} 00:28, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:STEM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:09, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:T-joint]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-14}} 18:35, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Levon Harutunian]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-28684-81}} 18:37, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Villarrica Lake]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28922-24}} 18:39, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:How Manchester City moved two points behind Arsenal in the title race with Crystal Palace win: live updates and reaction]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|BigKrow}} 05:18, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28914-64}} 05:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:King of Rome]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29139-23}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Obamine]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29184-84}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yunus Emre Demir]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:(TJC) The Jesus Church]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 05:15, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Anthem of Mongolia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29255-50}} 05:21, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Unitins1}} 05:27, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Charlie Kirk Show]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 18:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Квантово число]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Dadsaws2324sa}} 18:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vocal tract]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29768-82}} 04:27, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Half Moon Bay (California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29652-20}} 04:42, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Skinny dip]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:43, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Quel est le numéro de téléphone de Booking.com France ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Simnikka}} 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Booking telephone france) Comment contacter le service Booking ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dookie 4-Track Demos]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-29796-50}} 18:36, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dominika Stará]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-29884-03}} 18:45, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Android 17]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:30, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dark tourist]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-30137-24}} 19:28, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Premier League]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:25, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Russian Navy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 23:54, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fr Theophane of Ponnurunni]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 17:12, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[AA. FAQ 1-855-858-7048 아메리칸 에어 라인 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1224pl}} 17:24, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:HFC-152a]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Bob1800user}} 17:26, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Kargbo Entertainement]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]); notified {{user|~2026-30399-93}} 18:03, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M. Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|AlphaBetaGamma1}} 01:49, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # <bdi>[[MacArthur Highway]]</bdi>: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nemine2X2X2}} 04:49, 23 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gilberto Mora Zambrano]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Santi Chuco}} 04:55, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Time for Payback (James Brown album)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-30947-21}} 02:08, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Sound and the Fury]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31086-56}} 17:07, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Moon Ga-young]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Management SOOP]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:33, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok pogroms]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bielsk pogroms (1941)]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bielsk riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:History of the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Palestinian Jews]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Congolese franc]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31582-96}} 03:23, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template:Retired/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-31848-63}} 03:33, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Andrea Holmes Thompkins]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Alson23}} 04:41, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:BlockSurvey]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:04, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Shia clergy]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-32045-77}} 05:37, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-32338-47}} 05:56, 31 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Messier (actor)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 06:05, 31 May 2026 (UTC) === June 2026 === # [[:Youareanidiot.cc]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:08, 3 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Thomas Reilly (baller)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]) 05:07, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) #[[:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:James Lyman Bodack]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33109-66}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ōdate, Akita]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33230-94}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dim Mak Records]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33132-80}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Callum Reid]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:49, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fiona MacKenzie]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:52, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:NF (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ewan “Wee” Campbell]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Angus Sinclair]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ralph Jasso]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33688-84}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Poop attack]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cursed cat alastor]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Finding Marlin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:50, 10 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rolly Bundock]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-34283-62}} 02:53, 10 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:King von dead]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-33969-91}} 03:22, 10 June 2026 (UTC) p3rd2klxvzqr8x4yjqzdezlv2efwzv5 10882905 10882887 2026-06-10T03:43:04Z Garsh2 1475106 Logging quick deletion nomination of [[Renmar 'Cañete]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882905 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a log of all [[WP:QD|quick deletion]] nominations made by this user using [[WP:TW|Twinkle]]'s QD module. If you no longer wish to keep this log, you can turn it off using the [[Wikipedia:Twinkle/Preferences|preferences panel]], and nominate this page for speedy deletion under [[WP:QD#U1|QD U1]]. === May 2025 === # [[:Madras State]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|2600:1009:B08A:5A0E:DC80:3510:EBB0:2F17}} 18:48, 20 May 2025 (UTC) === June 2025 === # [[:Internationalization and localization]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2601:98A:C82:4190:9C0:8BD2:C9A4:FFE8}} 20:32, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Klaragon]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:121D:D575:C87:3EFF:FE4C:F520}} 20:34, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Categorie:Snoep]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|2001:1C08:C81:4700:88F3:86CA:3CC7:B13B}} 20:36, 24 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Acebott Co]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|2409:40E2:1A1:50C8:3816:6AFF:FE65:3652}} 04:15, 25 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Boeing 747-168B]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|68.205.198.149}} 05:00, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mahbubur Rahman Sufil]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:02, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Atikuzzaman]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|2603:7000:E200:E930:6C25:8201:906:9AFA}} 05:05, 28 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Bob Weinstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|136.50.50.34}} 17:59, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|81.129.142.62}} 18:03, 29 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Hecto-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:50, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Quetta-]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|186.189.75.110}} 00:51, 30 June 2025 (UTC) # [[:Dodo Denney]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 01:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) === July 2025 === # [[:CSOP Asset Management]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Maggie JL}} 13:51, 4 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:Don't Believe the Truth]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A2|A2]]); notified {{user|2A00:23C6:5A82:BF01:A862:425D:CFF1:4F20}} 01:34, 5 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:LGBTQ culture]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2003:E0:7F3C:8140:9194:74E5:1612:2548}} 01:35, 5 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:London, Kiribati]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|5.150.96.15}} 15:14, 8 July 2025 (UTC) # [[:IGoodbye]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|173.79.9.187}} 23:23, 21 July 2025 (UTC) === August 2025 === # [[:Amit Tandon]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|2405:201:4001:5816:245C:5DD6:8D1F:A04A}} 18:24, 9 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Sherm Cohen]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Steven Fonti]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Erik Wiese]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:48, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Derek Drymon]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Aaron Springer]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Merriwether Williams]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Art director]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:The Snow Queen 2]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|46.110.53.233}} 01:49, 16 August 2025 (UTC) # [[:Wapping railway station]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 19:03, 24 August 2025 (UTC) === January 2026 === # [[:Screen cracks]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Single-colored]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11514-8}} 01:48, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Marquis of Baden]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Massiota}} 01:50, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Endless runner]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-11569-8}} 01:51, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Electorate of Saxony]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2025-41862-48}} 01:53, 7 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lüdersdorf]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-13487-0}} 06:50, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Web proxy]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-13111-8}} 06:51, 8 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16040-7}} 04:27, 9 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Isha Ambani]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19480-9}} 01:35, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tance To Dance]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 23:50, 10 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ronna-]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-32524-2}} 02:13, 16 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Laurent Mekies]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-51959-1}} 04:15, 25 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Super Bowl LX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-59038-4}} 22:18, 27 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:56, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The End (The Doors song)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:29, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Angry Birds Movie 3]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-9}} 05:32, 28 January 2026 (UTC) # [[:Meir Ettinger]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Tzombati}} 19:28, 31 January 2026 (UTC) === February 2026 === # [[:HaLiba]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|KahnaMarcus.14427}} 23:02, 3 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graham Edwards (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-85093-7}} 23:26, 7 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otis (2026 film)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 06:09, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gamer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 22:26, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Queen's Rangers]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-89589-1}} 22:29, 9 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:La Voz Argentina (season 1)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Misaelcj90}} 05:47, 14 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Ridwan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-10233-18}} 06:35, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Choral Symphonies]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] ({{tl|db-g6}}) 17:47, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Psamtik III]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10439-14}} 21:15, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Piye]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10439-14}} 21:16, 16 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:B-Doing Loud Woods (Music)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:08, 17 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Flag of Wallis and Futuna]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-10752-07}} 04:21, 18 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Long Beach Polytechnic High School]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11203-51}} 23:24, 19 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of Expo Dry Erase marker colors]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-11412-34}} 03:52, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Foreign relations of France]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:29, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:University of Tampa]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-11660-68}} 18:54, 21 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Treaty of Karlowitz]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11728-04}} 01:53, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bergedorf (quarter)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-11776-25}} 02:23, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Barilaro]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-11648-99}} 19:04, 22 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vinícius Sgarbe]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Aroldo Henrique Pegoraro de Almeida}} 01:21, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Toy Story Mania! (video game)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-11835-37}} 01:34, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 22:37, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Scarabaeidae]]: [[WP:QD#G6|CSD G6]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 22:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Enrique Cruz]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:18, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramraja Shrestha]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|CrazyBlueFrog}} 23:28, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The dog ate my homework]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12186-35}} 23:58, 23 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Muhammad Nizami]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 02:02, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Emanuel Sefullahu}} 05:22, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. N. Balakumar]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Bppss}} 05:37, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tieskey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-12383-69}} 16:36, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Epstein Files Transparency Act]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liora Vane]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:43, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Political commentator]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:45, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Evie Christian]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:46, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kylie Rocket]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:48, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Samantha Reigns]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dungeness crab potatchos]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:50, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Ace]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ashley Tee]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:52, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Los Archivos De Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:54, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cremona elephant]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12458-35}} 17:55, 24 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bagdemagus]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-12618-68}} 22:11, 25 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:People from Beit El]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 04:18, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lehava]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|MikeSzombathy}} 04:30, 26 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi Singer]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-12870-08}} 00:08, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:The nicest people on earth]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|Kely2032}} 00:56, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:Konstantin Makovsky]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-12919-42}} 05:04, 27 February 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Vija773899/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Vija773899}} 15:22, 27 February 2026 (UTC) === March 2026 === # [[:Bordure]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13403-12}} 21:54, 1 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Advanced placement]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13444-30}} 00:41, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mathias Damour]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-13460-83}} 06:11, 2 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-13423-98}} 02:37, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dr. Victor Alewo Adoji]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|MakingTool}} 02:38, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Search results for term inculcating “Aujla” caste]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-13704-40}} 04:31, 3 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gypsy men]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-14011-46}} 00:15, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:H. D. Revanna]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-14163-93}} 05:29, 5 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smiling Friends]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-39988}} 21:05, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Henry I, King of England]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 21:11, 6 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Empire sikh]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G2|G2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]], [[WP:QD#R3|R3]]); notified {{user|~2026-14565-33}} 01:42, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie erreicht man Pegasus Airlines? (24/7-Hotline)]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:21, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mitä tarkoittaa Finnair Plus numero? 24H]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Hippobaddy}} 05:23, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Voiko Finnairin lipun vaihtaa? 24hrs]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:40, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Er det multi å ridge norwegian konrad 47]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Salaviakim}} 05:46, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Commonwealth heads of government]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14753-84}} 22:22, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alfafaa (platform)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|AlfafaaUser}} 22:26, 7 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yellow grey]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-14578-68}} 02:46, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muhammad Raynan Rizky Akbar]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-14831-37}} 15:58, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Playhouse Disney United States Original Current Productions Logo Jungle Jumble Coming Up Next]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 16:05, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Machus Red Fox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14823-34}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dagestan ASSR]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14917-32}} 18:37, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Harish Kumar Sejekan]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RajaliSpring}} 18:40, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Influencer]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Diademchild}} 18:59, 8 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Jeffrey Epstein]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14976-11}} 03:47, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Siddhiganaraya Molleti]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Sihubfine}} 04:09, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Masked ROM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 13:40, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Purism]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-14950-16}} 21:56, 9 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-15058-16}} 04:01, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lena Meyer Whitaker]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-14721-90}} 04:06, 10 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2022 Singapore Grand Prix]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15342-97}} 02:20, 11 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fahad Mustafa]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-15597-73}} 00:59, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Syed Kumail Hyder Shah]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 01:37, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bat's Head]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15650-50}} 04:09, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aqará]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 19:43, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Hunt]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 20:34, 12 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nissan 180SX]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-15865-77}} 03:00, 13 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alejandra Ico Chub]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|Pedrocharlam1355}} 21:53, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Nikolaus von Nissen]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-16252-42}} 21:54, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Operation Paperclip]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16132-33}} 21:55, 14 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 5th century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 19:37, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the 1st century]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:43, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 19:45, 15 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Otto Jespersen]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:23, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Idiom Neutral]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Interlinguistics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:24, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amish way of life]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ancient Armenian translated literature]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Anti-austerity movement in Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Argentine War of Independence]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Louis de Beaufront]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:26, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rémi Brague]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Byzantine fortifications]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity in the modern era]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Codex Calixtinus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:27, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Crimean Estonians]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:28, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:29, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:First World War in Latvia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historia Salonitana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Historical maps of Stockholm]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of Argentina (1946-1955)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:31, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of New Spain]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:History of the Papacy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:34, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kauhajoki Uprising]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Livonian-Lithuanian Union]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sergey Malyutin]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:May Fourth Movement]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Medieval Estonia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mining in Germany]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:38, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Volkolak]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:39, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vijayanagara literature in Kannada]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tikėjimo žodis]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Teachings of Pope John Paul II]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:40, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Christianity as the Roman state religion]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:41, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Spanish conquest of Guatemala]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Socratic problem]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:42, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hellmut Röhnisch]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Papacy in the Middle Ages]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Norrala Royal Estate]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicomachean Ethics]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:44, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:East Herzegovina]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-16657-91}} 22:30, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aspect-oriented programming]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:36, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ermelo, Mpumalanga]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:37, 16 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Funky Frog Bait]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 01:43, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edward Louis Severson, Jr.]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:38, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tomer Bar]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 05:41, 17 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an? LUF-Kontakt}} 04:06, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Counter-Strike: Condition Zero]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-16701-10}} 04:11, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nutritional science]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:21, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Artistic depictions of Viriathus]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|LUFT-ANruf-Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?}} 04:49, 18 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#G1|G1]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]); notified {{user|~2026-17026-92}} 00:15, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Attack on Titan (movie)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G1|G1]]); notified {{user|~2026-17180-50}} 00:31, 19 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ian Hart]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:49, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Posidonius]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:50, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Transavia ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 04:59, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Creating Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Service Client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann ich Eurowings telefonisch erreichen? Kontakt 24H]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:03, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Eurowings kundenservice Kontakt)Was kostet ein Anruf bei Eurowings?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hadimbastu}} 05:05, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Shambhunathaamm}} 05:17, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:K. C. Tyagi]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-17363-57}} 05:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:55, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Hukumkaaekka}} 05:56, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Proposed Solution to the Collatz Conjecture (March 2026)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 06:25, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Window fan]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-17476-50}} 16:00, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naubat Khana]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 20:09, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:20, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Hossein Dehghan]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:24, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Israel Katz]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:27, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Amir Hatami]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:31, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Abdolrahim Mousavi]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:33, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Seyed Majid Ebn-e-Reza]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:34, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 20:36, 20 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:HIP 666666]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:10, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Haberomeda]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:11, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:List of NGC objects (10001–20000)]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 01:14, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lesser Antillean Iguana]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17785-45}} 01:17, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Boo (Character from Bear Academy)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-17530-07}} 03:13, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Nanona15dobato]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:Daraku K.]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-17557-66}} 03:45, 21 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rodger Pekarek]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 02:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Saad Kassis-Mohamed]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Nbbutf789y}} 03:51, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mk Timothy]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|KewAngolo}} 04:04, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohammad Pakpour]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:41, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Aziz Nasirzadeh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:43, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eyal Zamir]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:46, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Al-Fajr Forces]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:47, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:50, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:57, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Islamic Group (Lebanon)]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-10434-27}} 04:59, 22 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conde McCullough]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18317-99}} 20:15, 23 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muslim Students' Association Indonesia Medical Brawijaya (HMI FK UB)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:39, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Emperor's New Clothes (song)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-18066-48}} 04:40, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Adam Hamid]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18347-38}} 14:38, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald Duck filmography]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:15, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Donald's Ostrich]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-18447-63}} 20:16, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Loony left]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 20:52, 24 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sola Akingbola]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18712-24}} 04:04, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:WaywardCrow]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|WaywardCrow}} 04:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter BA ? FRANCE-CONTACT]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-18697-89}} 04:19, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Depraved-heart murder]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:52, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Small Is Beautiful]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:53, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cities of Salt]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:54, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Smoked meat]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-18880-27}} 20:34, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:제주항공에 문의하려면 어떻게 해야 하나요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nick2486451}} 21:15, 26 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:에어프레미아 한국 고객 센터 전화번호는 무엇인가요?]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Chrisgatr21}} 17:40, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Junia Tertia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19142-22}} 17:48, 27 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Human Rights Activists in Iran]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] # [[:Wie rufe ich Lufthansa an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:18, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bietet United einen Live-Chat-Support an?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:24, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie rufe ich Scandinavian Airlines an? telefonnummer 24h]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Sambhalkdaku}} 02:44, 28 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Où trouver le numéro de vol Vueling ? GUIDE 2026]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:36, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter French Bee en France ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Avianca ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment parler directement sur Latam Airlines ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-19518-30}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment joindre Air Caraïbes par téléphone ? GUIDE 2026]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:53, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment avoir quelqu'un en ligne sur Vueling ? (Chat Help Quick)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Donya098}} 17:54, 29 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Mozambique floods]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19575-24}} 02:24, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-19587-70}} 02:26, 30 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم خدمة عملاء مصر للطيران في مصر]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-19919-92}} 00:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:رقم الاتصال بشركة سويفت إير المغرب]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Gujiytar56}} 00:08, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chuukese people]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 00:09, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:US Attorney general]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-19877-21}} 01:16, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:1934 Montreux Fascist conference]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-19835-94}} 01:27, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange kann man bei booking reservieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:15, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Edreams sitzplatzreservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:20, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking com reservierung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:23, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man auf booking.com reservieren?(Booking com reservierung)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:37, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man bei Booking noch stornieren?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:38, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gewährt booking.com vollständige Rückerstattungen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:41, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking erstattung beantragen]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lange dauert die Erstattung bei booking?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Kann man von booking Geld zurück bekommen?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Booking.com Erstattung]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Assfrfrfgbtn}} 02:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Castiglioni Method]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 15:48, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chrissie Carnell Bixler]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|GJK&XMK2026}} 15:49, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Conflict in interest of Pati-Surabaya Trail]]: [[WP:QD#R2|CSD R2]] ({{tl|db-rediruser}}) 16:30, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie bekomme ich von booking.com mein Geld zurück?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wie lautet die Kontaktnummer für eDreams?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Despacitttooo}} 17:00, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 한국 고객센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kuuytetta45}} 21:50, 31 March 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vivarium]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]); notified {{user|~2026-20109-19}} 21:58, 31 March 2026 (UTC) === April 2026 === # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20144-42}} 04:31, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cw Gróup Ibiza]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 17:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Naldi (singer)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20230-91}} 17:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mythology (UK band)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-20238-42}} 18:02, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:I hate Passengerpigeon]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 19:49, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나 해외 고객센터]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A5|A5]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|Looliporwvvs54}} 20:10, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Red Sea Riviera]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-20204-55}} 20:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Kutaerrr65}} 20:37, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Transjordan]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nig8j9g8i7nu5hby6gt5r4}} 20:38, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:아시아나항공 비상연락처]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Luusttgdr5456}} 20:50, 1 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Comment contacter Norwegian en français ? (Norwegian service client)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|RakkkuLaaal}} 05:23, 3 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Clinique]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|IZ041}} 01:56, 4 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eterno (politician)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-20926-35}} 22:17, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Róa]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21084-41}} 22:49, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Earn2trade code promo 'keri' up to 70% any evaluation]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-20819-58}} 23:18, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Address Unknown (1935 movie)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|JavedKhanani}} 23:28, 5 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Douchebag]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|Saint Nerona Imu, founder of the 20 kingdoms}} 00:07, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:XM Partner Code GKY33 and bonus structures 2026 trading incentives and rebate models analysis]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-21153-33}} 03:34, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Beylik of Dulkadir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Diyarbekir]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Eastern Anatolia]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:10, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ottoman–Persian War (1505–1517)]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Qizilbash]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:World Expo 2010]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:12, 6 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cro (musician)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21397-58}} 02:42, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Translational regulation]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21252-96}} 02:48, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Holloway, London]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-21195-11}} 02:53, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lighthouse and naval vessel urban legend]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21326-57}} 03:00, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Let it Go, and let God do (Book)]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Prince Zian}} 06:32, 7 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Memphis Summer Storm of 2003]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:48, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Jannik Vestergaard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-21853-42}} 04:25, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template talk:A-Z multipage list/doc]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-21959-72}} 23:54, 9 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:User talk:2607:FEA8:3360:7600:DB6:E09A:F936:7782]]: [[WP:QD#U2|CSD U2]] ({{tl|db-nouser}}) 00:40, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Trials of Apollo]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22085-41}} 19:42, 10 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2030 Romanian presidential election]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Liviu Președintele}} 18:18, 11 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22261-96}} 00:09, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alessandro Aragona]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Avvento Civile]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Batman: Resurrection]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Child pornography laws in the Philippines]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:25, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Draught animal]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Inhumans]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:26, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mirror website]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohd Faiz Subri]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:27, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wagyu cattle]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:32, 12 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Chris Mueller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-22898-59}} 21:35, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Violalin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 21:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pur Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:03, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:A Pur!]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-22840-65}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:North Korea–United States relations]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22814-70}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Graywacke]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-22778-06}} 04:04, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Karen Brown]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 04:05, 14 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Railway accident]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-23385-49}} 21:10, 15 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Emer Kenny]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Jhgfdfge}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Centennial High School (Compton, California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-23602-91}} 20:11, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:SASPSTER (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-23220-45}} 20:14, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Muo Zedong!]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-23429-86}} 20:23, 16 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A5|A5]]); notified {{user|~2026-23642-49}} 13:54, 17 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:ธีรวุฒิ คูณชัย]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-23877-54}} 02:30, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:FAQs Como entrar em contacto com a TAP?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Oliverg8765}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Code Bonus 1XBET Today: 1XPLAY777]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Mironandreyvich}} 02:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:BHRT]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|WWmah}} 18:54, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Romppel]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 21:41, 19 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rivers of Blood speech]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Sadsam123}} 22:24, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Puffing Billy Preservation Society]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-24254-33}} 22:27, 20 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Tfyghuasd}} 04:40, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Arly Pierre-Louis]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]) 20:10, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph kargbo (musicien)]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-24536-63}} 20:43, 21 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Death of Glenn Miller]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-24610-32}} 02:17, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Pupu (character from the pinkfong series)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-24522-24}} 02:19, 22 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nathan Sterling]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-25009-34}} 21:24, 23 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-24864-16}} 03:46, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Lawrence Plett]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 03:51, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:KuyaMoHirowo]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|KuyaMoHirowo and Staraction}} 05:53, 24 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/TraceX Guard (2nd nomination)]]: [[WP:QD#G7|CSD G7]] ({{tl|db-author}}) 04:22, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Elisha the FRICKIN gmaer]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 05:38, 25 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:リリヤヤムメーカー]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25511-09}} 03:45, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dria Kamo]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 03:50, 26 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:The5ers Coupon SAVEOFF – Reduce Your Fees by 10% Now]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-25483-66}} 06:14, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Tiger-Man]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 22:51, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:2026 Italian rail sabotage]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:38, 27 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Liam isgar]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 00:18, 28 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Book Award for Young People's Literature]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-25992-21}} 01:58, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ben Wahamaki]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-25984-71}} 02:00, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Green apple]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-25866-30}} 02:16, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Assassination of Marielle Franco]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 02:18, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Sant'Agostino, Rome]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-26112-29}} 04:12, 29 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fairplay24]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Fairplay24}} 13:51, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mary Ann Crowe]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Travyio99}} 13:52, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Alt Conflict]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 13:54, 30 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤항문]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:내란우두머리]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); 2:40, 31 April 2026 (UTC) === May 2026 === # [[:1win Code PLAYHARD500 – 500% Deposit Bonus up to $1720]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|~2026-26458-35}} 19:41, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1440 Yuki Shiromitas timer (Every 60 Yuki Shiromitas in Africa, a minute passes)]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-26690-65}} 19:50, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-833-498-8688 ZIPAIRのカスタマーサービスの電話番号は？]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh12q4}} 20:36, 1 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:Monroe, North Carolina]]: [[WP:QD#G10|CSD G10]] ({{tl|db-attack}}); notified {{user|~2026-26646-57}} 03:44, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤내란]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}) 04:21, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Got Milk?]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-26591-83}} 04:23, 2 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ya Lil (Ramage song)]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26861-69}} 05:09, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Brooke Young]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 23:48, 3 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Deatnated]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27023-51}} 01:04, 4 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Books by country]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 01:30, 5 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Peppa Pig: The Golden Boots]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|~2026-27520-45}} 01:50, 6 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Percocet]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-27676-61}} 02:39, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dmitrii Lavrutov]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Ym9837054}} 02:45, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Phoksundo lake]] # [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 02:52, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:윤두창]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|~2026-26592-54}} 02:54, 7 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Questions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong pronoun]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Wrong gender]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:There]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ze]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Sure contractions ]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category talk:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Very unsure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Sure contractions]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|no-content}}); 02:34, 8 April 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mohawk language]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Hutorok134}} 18:06, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Autocorrect nonsense]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|Nyasaland3s}} 18:21, 8 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:John Brock Jacobus Godfrey]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|Katsheron}} 03:58, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Apachat]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 04:01, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:MeTV Toons]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-20319-44}} 04:47, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ekron]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28361-17}} 04:57, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:User:~2026-54400-13/sandbox]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#U2|U2]], [[WP:QD#G3|G3]]) 05:29, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ramachary komandury]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 05:33, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nicholas Hilliard]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28539-56}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Prehn]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28471-54}} 19:49, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bea Millan-Windorski]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Nasingpet}} 19:59, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Murder of Ailish Walsh]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 20:19, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1-855-542-9296 (K/A). 미국 대한항공 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1ii24}} 21:13, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Georg Brandes]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A1|A1]], [[WP:QD#G10|G10]]); notified {{user|~2026-28488-64}} 21:55, 11 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Nasheed]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28640-12}} 03:06, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dissolution of the Russian Empire]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28770-82}} 16:53, 12 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Military of Yemen]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-27963-19}} 00:28, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:STEM]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:09, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:T-joint]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28850-14}} 18:35, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Levon Harutunian]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A7|A7]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-28684-81}} 18:37, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Villarrica Lake]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28922-24}} 18:39, 13 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:How Manchester City moved two points behind Arsenal in the title race with Crystal Palace win: live updates and reaction]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|BigKrow}} 05:18, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yume Kōjō: Doki Doki Panic]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-28914-64}} 05:19, 14 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:King of Rome]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29139-23}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Obamine]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29184-84}} 04:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Yunus Emre Demir]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 05:14, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Talk:(TJC) The Jesus Church]]: [[WP:QD#G8|CSD G8]] ({{tl|db-talk}}) 05:15, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:National Anthem of Mongolia]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29255-50}} 05:21, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Unitins1}} 05:27, 16 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Charlie Kirk Show]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Realcosmixyt}} 18:28, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Квантово число]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|Dadsaws2324sa}} 18:48, 17 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Vocal tract]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29768-82}} 04:27, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Half Moon Bay (California)]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-29652-20}} 04:42, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Skinny dip]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:43, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Quel est le numéro de téléphone de Booking.com France ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Simnikka}} 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:(Booking telephone france) Comment contacter le service Booking ?]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); 18:33, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dookie 4-Track Demos]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-29796-50}} 18:36, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dominika Stará]]: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|~2026-29884-03}} 18:45, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Android 17]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 22:30, 18 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dark tourist]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-30137-24}} 19:28, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:2025–26 Premier League]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) 23:25, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Russian Navy]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 23:54, 19 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fr Theophane of Ponnurunni]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 17:12, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[AA. FAQ 1-855-858-7048 아메리칸 에어 라인 고객 센터]]: [[WP:QD#G11|CSD G11]] ({{tl|db-spam}}); notified {{user|Jattsabh1224pl}} 17:24, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:HFC-152a]]: [[WP:QD#G2|CSD G2]] ({{tl|db-test}}); notified {{user|Bob1800user}} 17:26, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Joseph Kargbo Entertainement]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G5|G5]]); notified {{user|~2026-30399-93}} 18:03, 20 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:David M. Hryck]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|AlphaBetaGamma1}} 01:49, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # <bdi>[[MacArthur Highway]]</bdi>: [[WP:QD#A5|CSD A5]] ({{tl|db-foreign}}); notified {{user|Nemine2X2X2}} 04:49, 23 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Gilberto Mora Zambrano]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|Santi Chuco}} 04:55, 22 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Time for Payback (James Brown album)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-30947-21}} 02:08, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Sound and the Fury]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31086-56}} 17:07, 24 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Moon Ga-young]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:30, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Management SOOP]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|F.xount}} 23:33, 25 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bialystok pogroms]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:22, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Bielsk pogroms (1941)]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:1941 Bielsk riots]]: [[WP:QD#R1|CSD R1]] ({{tl|db-redirnone}}) 00:23, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:History of the Jews in the Arabian Peninsula]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Palestinian Jews]]: [[WP:QD#C1|CSD C1]] ({{tl|db-catempty}}) 00:25, 26 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Congolese franc]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-31582-96}} 03:23, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Template:Retired/sandbox]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-31848-63}} 03:33, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Andrea Holmes Thompkins]]: [[WP:QD#G4|CSD G4]] ({{tl|db-repost}}); notified {{user|Alson23}} 04:41, 28 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:BlockSurvey]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 05:04, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Shia clergy]]: [[WP:QD#A3|CSD A3]] ({{tl|db-transwiki}}); notified {{user|~2026-32045-77}} 05:37, 30 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:The Mod Mill]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-32338-47}} 05:56, 31 May 2026 (UTC) # [[:Mark Messier (actor)]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 06:05, 31 May 2026 (UTC) === June 2026 === # [[:Youareanidiot.cc]]: [[WP:QD#A7|CSD A7]] ({{tl|db-AI-generated}}) endorsing 04:08, 3 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Thomas Reilly (baller)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#A6|A6]]) 05:07, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Category:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#G1|CSD G1]] ({{tl|db-nonsense}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) #[[:Hits Now New Shows & Seasons of the Month (2027)]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}}); notified {{user|~2026-33231-05}} 05:26, 4 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:James Lyman Bodack]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33109-66}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ōdate, Akita]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33230-94}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Dim Mak Records]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33132-80}} 04:48, 5 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Callum Reid]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:49, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Fiona MacKenzie]]: [[WP:QD#A4|CSD A4]] ({{tl|db-notability}}) 18:52, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:NF (band)]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ewan “Wee” Campbell]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Angus Sinclair]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A4|A4]], [[WP:QD#G11|G11]]); notified {{user|~2026-32711-97}} 18:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Ralph Jasso]]: [[WP:QD#A2|CSD A2]] ({{tl|db-nocontent}}); notified {{user|~2026-33688-84}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Poop attack]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Cursed cat alastor]]: [[WP:QD#G3|CSD G3]] ({{tl|db-vandalism}}); notified {{user|~2026-33756-04}} 04:00, 8 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Finding Marlin]]: [[WP:QD#A6|CSD A6]] ({{tl|db-hoax}}) 02:50, 10 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Rolly Bundock]]: multiple criteria ([[WP:QD#A2|A2]], [[WP:QD#A4|A4]]); notified {{user|~2026-34283-62}} 02:53, 10 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:King von dead]]: [[WP:QD#A1|CSD A1]] ({{tl|db-nocontext}}); notified {{user|~2026-33969-91}} 03:22, 10 June 2026 (UTC) # [[:Renmar 'Cañete]]: [[WP:QD#G5|CSD G5]] ({{tl|db-blocked}}); notified {{user|Beebee504}} 03:43, 10 June 2026 (UTC) o00kpig0sy2gk81qwro25drf0k1w7a2 0 1196168 10882477 10371785 2026-06-09T17:27:06Z Freelatta 1680583 10882477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Splatoon Raiders | developer = Nintendo EPD | publisher = Nintendo | series = [[Splatoon]] | platforms = Nintendo Switch 2 | genre = third-person shooter | released = July 23, 2026 }} '''Splatoon Raiders''' is a future [[Third-person shooter|third-person shooter video game]] made and released by [[Nintendo]]. It will come out on the [[Nintendo Switch 2]] system on July 23, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Splatoon Raiders, the First-Ever Splatoon Spinoff Game, is Coming to Nintendo Switch 2! - News - Nintendo Official Site|url=https://www.nintendo.com/us/whatsnew/splatoon-raiders-the-first-ever-splatoon-spinoff-game-is-coming-to-nintendo-switch-2/|access-date=2025-06-11|website=www.nintendo.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McWhertor|first=Michael|date=2025-06-10|title=Nintendo announces surprise new Splatoon game for Switch 2|url=https://www.polygon.com/news/605892/splatoon-raiders-announced-nintendo-today|access-date=2025-06-11|website=Polygon|language=en-US}}</ref> It features the characters Frye, Shiver, and Big Man. == References == {{reflist}} {{Splatoon}} [[Category:Splatoon]] [[Category:Third-person shooters]] [[Category:Video game expansion packs]] [[Category:Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development games]] [[Category:Video games developed in Japan]] [[Category:Roguelike video games]] [[Category:Single-player video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch-only games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] {{video-game-stub}} ss2d31aghpfkep3btteutokf8qwa8n6 10882479 10882477 2026-06-09T17:27:18Z Freelatta 1680583 10882479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Splatoon Raiders | developer = Nintendo EPD | publisher = Nintendo | series = [[Splatoon]] | platforms = Nintendo Switch 2 | genre = third-person shooter | released = July 23, 2026 }} '''Splatoon Raiders''' is a future [[Third-person shooter|third-person shooter video game]] made and released by [[Nintendo]]. It will come out on the [[Nintendo Switch 2]] system on July 23, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Splatoon Raiders, the First-Ever Splatoon Spinoff Game, is Coming to Nintendo Switch 2! - News - Nintendo Official Site|url=https://www.nintendo.com/us/whatsnew/splatoon-raiders-the-first-ever-splatoon-spinoff-game-is-coming-to-nintendo-switch-2/|access-date=2025-06-11|website=www.nintendo.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McWhertor|first=Michael|date=2025-06-10|title=Nintendo announces surprise new Splatoon game for Switch 2|url=https://www.polygon.com/news/605892/splatoon-raiders-announced-nintendo-today|access-date=2025-06-11|website=Polygon|language=en-US}}</ref> It includes the characters Frye, Shiver, and Big Man. == References == {{reflist}} {{Splatoon}} [[Category:Splatoon]] [[Category:Third-person shooters]] [[Category:Video game expansion packs]] [[Category:Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development games]] [[Category:Video games developed in Japan]] [[Category:Roguelike video games]] [[Category:Single-player video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch-only games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] {{video-game-stub}} kyb6si5po4d6ld8g3hvto3emz09k3w1 10882483 10882479 2026-06-09T17:28:40Z Freelatta 1680583 10882483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Splatoon Raiders | developer = Nintendo EPD | publisher = Nintendo | series = [[Splatoon]] | platforms = Nintendo Switch 2 | genre = third-person shooter | released = July 23, 2026 }} '''Splatoon Raiders''' is a future [[Third-person shooter|third-person shooter video game]] made and released by [[Nintendo]]. It will come out on the [[Nintendo Switch 2]] system on July 23, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Splatoon Raiders, the First-Ever Splatoon Spinoff Game, is Coming to Nintendo Switch 2! - News - Nintendo Official Site|url=https://www.nintendo.com/us/whatsnew/splatoon-raiders-the-first-ever-splatoon-spinoff-game-is-coming-to-nintendo-switch-2/|access-date=2025-06-11|website=www.nintendo.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=McWhertor|first=Michael|date=2025-06-10|title=Nintendo announces surprise new Splatoon game for Switch 2|url=https://www.polygon.com/news/605892/splatoon-raiders-announced-nintendo-today|access-date=2025-06-11|website=Polygon|language=en-US}}</ref> It includes the characters Frye, Shiver, and Big Man from [[Splatoon 3]]. == References == {{reflist}} {{Splatoon}} [[Category:Splatoon]] [[Category:Third-person shooters]] [[Category:Video game expansion packs]] [[Category:Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development games]] [[Category:Video games developed in Japan]] [[Category:Roguelike video games]] [[Category:Single-player video games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch-only games]] [[Category:Nintendo Switch games]] {{video-game-stub}} kaec2sprxaqug0zu8axg1udthbxjqrg 0 1201146 10882924 10825549 2026-06-10T04:24:22Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:WrestleMania_38_stage_april_2nd_2022.jpg|WrestleMania_38_stage_april_2nd_2022.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 2 June 2026. 10882924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Wrestling event |name = WrestleMania 38 |image = |caption = The WrestleMania 38 stage |tagline = "The Most Stupendous Two-Night WrestleMania in History"<ref>{{cite web|title=WrestleMania 38|url=https://attstadium.com/events/wrestlemania-38/|website=AT&T Stadium|access-date=April 3, 2024|date=April 2, 2022}}</ref> |promotion = [[WWE]] |brand = {{plainlist| * [[WWE Raw|Raw]] * [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] }} |date = April 2–3, 2022 |venue = [[AT&T Stadium]] |attendance = {{plainlist| * Night 1: 65,719 * Night 2: 65,653 * Combined: 131,372<ref name="attendance">{{cite AV media|title=2022-04-04 Wrestling Observer Live~! with Bryan Alvarez & Mike Sempervive|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOrjOhXHEA4|access-date=April 5, 2022|author=[[Wrestling Observer Live]]|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=April 4, 2022}}</ref> }} |city = [[Arlington, Texas]] |lastevent = [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2022)]] |nextevent = [[WrestleMania Backlash (2022)]] |event = [[WrestleMania]] |lastevent2 = [[WrestleMania 37]] |nextevent2 = [[WrestleMania 39]] }} '''WrestleMania 38''' was the 38th [[WrestleMania]] [[professional wrestling]] [[pay-per-view]] and [[livestreaming]] [[List of WWE pay-per-view events|show]] made by [[WWE]]. It took place on April 2 and 3, 2022, at the [[AT&T Stadium]] in [[Arlington, Texas]]. The event brought together superstars from the company's [[WWE Raw|Raw]] and [[WWE SmackDown|SmackDown]] [[WWE Brand Extension|brands]], showcasing some of the most memorable matches and championship showdowns in recent WrestleMania history.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=WWF Belt|date=July 1, 2025|title=WWE WrestleMania 38|url=https://wwfbelt.com/blogs/news/wwe-wrestlemania-38|access-date=July 1, 2025|website=wwfbelt.com|language=en}}</ref> == Background == Following the success of [[WrestleMania 37]], which was also a two-night event, WWE announced in January 2022 that WrestleMania 38 would follow the same format. This marked the third time in history that WrestleMania spanned two nights. AT&T Stadium, home of the [[Dallas Cowboys]], had previously hosted [[WrestleMania 32]] in 2016, and once again became the grand stage for the WWE Universe. == Main Matches and highlights == === Night 1 === In the main match of the first night, [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]] made his long-awaited return to the ring for the first time since [[WrestleMania XIX]] in 2003. [[Kevin Owens]] invited Austin as a special guest of his talk show "The KO Show". Owens then challenged Austin to a [[No Holds Barred match]], which Austin accepted and won.<ref name=":0" /> Night 1 was also famous for the surprise return of [[Cody Rhodes]] to WWE. He was selected by [[Vince McMahon|Mr. McMahon]] to face [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]] and was able to get the victory.<ref name=":0" /> Also on the show, [[Charlotte Flair]] kept her [[Women's World Championship (WWE)|SmackDown Women’s Championship]] against [[Ronda Rousey]] in a controversial victory, and [[YouTube]] star [[Logan Paul]] made his impressive in-ring debut. He teamed with [[The Miz]] and defeated [[Rey Mysterio|Rey]] and [[Dominik Mysterio]] in a [[tag team match]].<ref name=":0" /> === Night 2 === The main event of night 2 was a [[Winner Takes All match|Winner Takes All Championship Unification Match]] between [[WWE Universal Championship|Universal Champion]] [[Roman Reigns]] and [[WWE Championship|WWE Champion]] [[Brock Lesnar]]. Reigns won the match and became the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion. This historic win was symbolized by Roman Reigns holding both the WWE Championship and Universal Championship belts.<ref name=":0" /> Also on the show, Mr. McMahon had his first match since 2012 and the last match of his career. He defeated [[Pat McAfee]], who beat McMahon's new [[Protégé|protegé]] [[Austin Theory]] minutes before.<ref name="7&8" /> Another celebrity appearance saw [[Johnny Knoxville]] defeat [[Sami Zayn]] in an [[No Disqualification match|Anything Goes match]].<ref name=":1" /> == Attendance and reception == WrestleMania 38 drew a combined attendance of over 131,000 fans across both nights.<ref name="attendance" /> Critics and fans praised the show for its high production value, surprising returns, and strong in-ring performances.<ref name="IWN">{{cite web|date=March 24, 2022|title=Dave Meltzer Star Ratings – Wrestlemania 38 (2022)|url=https://www.iwnerd.com/dave-meltzer-star-ratings-wrestlemania-38-2022/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407181438/https://www.iwnerd.com/dave-meltzer-star-ratings-wrestlemania-38-2022/|archive-date=April 7, 2022|access-date=January 26, 2023|work=IWNerd}}</ref> == Results == === Night 1 === {{Professional wrestling results table|times=<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|title=WrestleMania 38 results: Powell's live review of night one with Steve Austin on The KO Show, Charlotte Flair vs. Ronda Rousey for the Smackdown Women's Title, Becky Lynch vs. Bianca Belair for the Raw Women's Title, Seth Rollins vs. an opponent of Vince McMahon's choosing|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/02/wrestlemania-38-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-steve-austin-on-the-ko-show-charlotte-flair-vs-ronda-rousey-for-the-smackdown-womens-title-becky-lynch-vs-bianca-belair-fo/|work=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|date=April 2, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-date=April 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405020921/https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/02/wrestlemania-38-results-powells-live-review-of-night-one-with-steve-austin-on-the-ko-show-charlotte-flair-vs-ronda-rousey-for-the-smackdown-womens-title-becky-lynch-vs-bianca-belair-fo/|url-status=live}}</ref>|match1=[[The Usos]] ([[Jey Uso|Jey]] and [[Jimmy Uso]]) (c) defeated [[Shinsuke Nakamura]] and [[Rick Boogs]] by pinfall|stip1=[[Tag team match]] for the [[WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|title=The Usos def. Shinsuke Nakamura & Rick Boogs to retain the SmackDown Tag Team Titles|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/the-usos-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-rick-boogs-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 2, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403021028/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/the-usos-vs-shinsuke-nakamura-rick-boogs-results|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time1=6:55|match2=[[Drew McIntyre]] defeated [[Baron Corbin|Happy Corbin]] (with [[Riddick Moss|Madcap Moss]]) by pinfall|stip2=[[Singles match (professional wrestling)|Singles match]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|title=Drew McIntyre def. Happy Corbin|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/drew-mcintyre-vs-happy-corbin-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 2, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403021031/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/drew-mcintyre-vs-happy-corbin-results|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time2=8:35|match3=[[The Miz]] and [[Logan Paul]] defeated [[Rey Mysterio|Rey]] and [[Dominik Mysterio]] by pinfall|stip3=Tag team match<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|title=The Miz & Logan Paul def. Rey Mysterio & Dominik Mysterio, Miz turns on Paul|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/rey-dominik-mysterio-vs-the-miz-logan-paul-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 2, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403021059/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/rey-dominik-mysterio-vs-the-miz-logan-paul-results|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time3=11:15|match4=[[Bianca Belair]] defeated [[Becky Lynch]] (c) by pinfall|stip4=Singles match for the [[WWE Raw Women's Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|date=April 2, 2022|title=Bianca Belair def. Becky Lynch to win the Raw Women's Championship|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/becky-lynch-vs-bianca-belair-results|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403033842/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/becky-lynch-vs-bianca-belair-results|archive-date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|work=[[WWE]]}}</ref>|time4=19:10|match5=[[Cody Rhodes]] defeated [[Seth Rollins|Seth "Freakin" Rollins]] by pinfall|stip5=Singles match<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|date=April 2, 2022|title=Cody Rhodes returns to WWE, def. Seth "Freakin" Rollins|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/seth-rollins-cody-rhodes-results|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403033839/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/seth-rollins-cody-rhodes-results|archive-date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|work=[[WWE]]|url-status=live}}</ref>|time5=21:40|match6=[[Charlotte Flair]] (c) defeated [[Ronda Rousey]] by pinfall|stip6=Singles match for the [[WWE SmackDown Women's Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|title=Charlotte Flair def. Ronda Rousey to retain the SmackDown Women's Championship|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/charlotte-flair-vs-ronda-rousey-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 2, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403044743/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/charlotte-flair-vs-ronda-rousey-results|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time6=18:30|match7=[[Stone Cold Steve Austin|"Stone Cold" Steve Austin]] defeated [[Kevin Owens]] by pinfall|stip7=[[No Holds Barred match]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryant|first=Nathan|title="Stone Cold" Steve Austin accepts No Holds Barred challenge, def. Kevin Owens, raises hell|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/stone-cold-steve-austin-kevin-owens-result|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 2, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403045625/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/stone-cold-steve-austin-kevin-owens-result|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time7=13:55}} === Night 2 === {{Professional wrestling results table|times=<ref>{{cite web|last=Powell|first=Jason|date=April 3, 2022|title=WrestleMania 38 results: Powell's live review of night two with Roman Reigns vs. Brock Lesnar for the Unified WWE Championship, RK-Bro vs. The Street Profits vs. Alpha Academy for the Raw Tag Titles, Edge vs. AJ Styles, Johnny Knoxville vs. Sami Zayn in an Anything Goes match, Pat McAfee vs. Austin Theory, Bobby Lashley vs. Omos|url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/03/wrestlemania-38-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-brock-lesnar-for-the-unified-wwe-championship-rk-bro-vs-the-street-profits-vs-alpha-academy-for-the-raw-tag-titles/|access-date=April 3, 2022|website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net|archive-date=April 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404051830/https://prowrestling.net/site/2022/04/03/wrestlemania-38-results-powells-live-review-of-night-two-with-roman-reigns-vs-brock-lesnar-for-the-unified-wwe-championship-rk-bro-vs-the-street-profits-vs-alpha-academy-for-the-raw-tag-titles/|url-status=live}}</ref>|match1=[[RK-Bro]] ([[Randy Orton]] and [[Matt Riddle|Riddle]]) (c) defeated [[The Street Profits]] ([[Angelo Dawkins]] and [[Montez Ford]]) and [[Alpha Academy]] ([[Chad Gable]] and [[Otis (wrestler)|Otis]]) by pinfall|stip1=[[Triple Threat match|Triple threat tag team match]] for the [[WWE Raw Tag Team Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Raw Tag Team Champions RK-Bro def. Alpha Academy and The Street Profits (Triple Threat Match)|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/rk-bro-vs-the-street-profits-vs-alpha-academy|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404080052/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/rk-bro-vs-the-street-profits-vs-alpha-academy|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time1=11:30|match2=[[Bobby Lashley]] defeated [[Omos]] by pinfall|stip2=Singles match<ref>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Bobby Lashley def. Omos|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/bobby-lashley-vs-omos|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404060015/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/bobby-lashley-vs-omos|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time2=6:35|match3=[[Johnny Knoxville]] defeated [[Sami Zayn]] by pinfall|stip3=[[No Disqualification match|Anything Goes match]]<ref name=:1>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Johnny Knoxville def. Sami Zayn (Anything Goes Match)|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/johnny-knoxville-vs-sami-zayn-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404070042/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/johnny-knoxville-vs-sami-zayn-results|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time3=14:25|match4=[[Sasha Banks]] and [[Naomi (wrestler)|Naomi]] defeated [[Carmella]] and [[Zelina Vega|Queen Zelina]] (c), [[Liv Morgan]] and [[Rhea Ripley]], and [[Natalya (wrestler)|Natalya]] and [[Shayna Baszler]] by pinfall|stip4=[[Tag team match|Fatal four-way tag team match]] for the [[WWE Women's Tag Team Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Sasha Banks & Naomi def. Carmella & Queen Zelina, Rhea Ripley & Liv Morgan and Shayna Bazler & Natalya to become the WWE Women's Tag Team Champions (Fatal 4-Way Match)|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/fatal-4-way-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404083439/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/fatal-4-way-results|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time4=10:50|match5=[[Edge (wrestler)|Edge]] defeated [[AJ Styles]] by pinfall|stip5=Singles match<ref>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Edge def. AJ Styles after a distraction by Damian Priest|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/edge-vs-aj-styles-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404072416/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/edge-vs-aj-styles-results|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time5=24:05|match6=[[Sheamus]] and [[Ridge Holland]] (with [[Pete Dunne|Butch]]) defeated [[The New Day]] ([[Kofi Kingston]] and [[Xavier Woods]]) by pinfall|stip6=Tag team match<ref>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Sheamus & Ridge Holland def. Xavier Woods & Kofi Kingston|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/xavier-woods-kofi-kingston-vs-sheamus-ridge-holland-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404073314/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/xavier-woods-kofi-kingston-vs-sheamus-ridge-holland-results|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time6=1:40|match7=[[Pat McAfee]] defeated [[Austin Theory]] (with [[Vince McMahon|Mr. McMahon]]) by pinfall|stip7=Singles match<ref name=7&8>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Pat McAfee def. Austin Theory, then lost to Mr. McMahon; afterward "Stone Cold" Steve Austin Stunned all three|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/pat-mcafee-vs-austin-theory-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404073233/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/pat-mcafee-vs-austin-theory-results|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time7=9:40|match8=Mr. McMahon (with Austin Theory) defeated Pat McAfee by pinfall|stip8=Singles match<ref name=7&8/>|time8=3:45|match9=[[Roman Reigns]] ([[WWE Universal Championship|Universal Champion]]) (with [[Paul Heyman]]) defeated [[Brock Lesnar]] ([[WWE Champion]]) by pinfall|stip9=[[Winner Takes All match]] for the [[WWE Championship]] and [[WWE Universal Championship]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Clapp|first=John|title=Universal Champion Roman Reigns def. WWE Champion Brock Lesnar to become the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion|url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-results|work=[[WWE]]|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404052852/https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38/wrestlemania-sunday/brock-lesnar-vs-roman-reigns-results|archive-date=April 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>|time9=12:15}} ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website|https://www.wwe.com/shows/wrestlemania/wrestlemania-38|WrestleMania 38 Official website}} {{WWEPPV|WrestleMania}} [[Category:2022 in American television]] [[Category:2022 in Texas]] [[Category:Sports in Texas]] [[Category:WrestleMania]] [[Category:April 2022 events]] od8ymb85nzpmi2sy1lop70z819q7b3r 0 1201810 10883076 10485667 2026-06-10T10:57:15Z ~2026-34134-07 1819559 10883076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack | title = 2025 Chicago shooting | image = 20130305 5 Brown Line Shuttle Bus @ Chicago Franklin (8576733926).jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | map = | map_caption = | caption = The scene of the shooting pictured in 2013 | alt = | location = 311 West Chicago Avenue,<br/>[[Chicago, Illinois]], U.S. | coordinates = | date = {{start date|2025|07|02}} | time-begin = {{circa|11:00}}{{spaces}}p.m. | time-end = {{circa|11:05}}{{spaces}}p.m. | timezone = [[Central Time Zone|CDT]]; [[UTC−04:00]] | type = [[Mass shooting]], [[mass murder]], [[drive-by shooting]] | motive = <!-- do not add here without several reliable sources --> | fatalities = 9<ref name=WGN>{{cite web|url=https://wgntv.com/news/chicagocrime/breaking-multiple-people-shot-in-river-north-late-wednesday-night-chicago-police-confirm/|title=BREAKING: 4 dead, 14 wounded in River North mass drive-by shooting late Wednesday night, Chicago police confirm|publisher=WGN TV|accessdate=July 3, 2025|date=July 3, 2025|archive-date=July 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250705001030/https://wgntv.com/news/chicagocrime/breaking-multiple-people-shot-in-river-north-late-wednesday-night-chicago-police-confirm/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | injuries = 14<ref name=Axios>{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/local/chicago/2025/07/03/river-north-mass-shooting|title=River North mass shooting: 4 killed, 14 injured outside Chicago club|publisher=Axios|accessdate=July 3, 2025|date=July 3, 2025}}</ref> | weapon = Handgun (suspected),<br>rifle (suspected) | perpetrators = | charges = | target = Mello Buckzz }} On July 2, 2025, a [[mass shooting|mass]] shooting happened in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], United States, in the city's [[River North]] neighborhood on the [[Near North Side, Chicago|Near North Side]].<ref name=CBS>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/artis-lounge-mass-shooting-river-north-nightclub/|title=4 killed, 14 wounded in Chicago mass shooting outside River North nightclub|publisher=CBS|accessdate=July 3, 2025|date=July 3, 2025}}</ref><ref name=Wapo>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2025/07/03/chicago-shooting-deaths-river-north/|title=4 dead, 14 injured after drive-by shooting in Chicago, police say|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 3, 2025|accessdate=July 3, 2025}}</ref> Four people were killed, and fourteen others were injured during a drive-by-shooting outside a nightclub.<ref name=USAToday>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/crime/2025/07/03/chicago-river-north-shooting/84456807007/|title=4 killed, 14 injured in drive-by shooting in Chicago|publisher=USA Today|accessdate=July 3, 2025|date=July 3, 2025}}</ref> The day after the shooting, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]'' found that no arrests had been made and the suspects are still at-large.<ref name=NYT>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/03/us/chicago-shooting.html|title=4 Dead and 14 Injured in Chicago Drive-By Shooting|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 3, 2025|accessdate=July 3, 2025}}</ref><ref name=Wapo/> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:July 2025 events]] [[Category:2025 mass shootings in the United States]] [[Category:2020s murders in the United States]] [[Category:2020s in Chicago]] [[Category:Crime in Illinois]] [[Category:Murders by firearm in the United States]] 9z5fxz2aavoxqkqqmerh2db8wf81yj9 0 1209605 10883038 10878895 2026-06-10T09:35:57Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 10883038 wikitext text/x-wiki Islamic scholars claim that only the [[Caliphate]] and the [[Muslim monarchy]] are legitimate '''Islamic political systems'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monarchy in Qur'an and Hadith |url=https://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e39.html |website=www.livingislam.org |accessdate=5 August 2025}}</ref> And even though saying the rest of the political systems are forbidden,<ref>{{cite web |title=Concept of democracy in Islam - Islam Question & Answer |url=https://www.islamqa.info/en/answers/98134 |website=Islam-QA |accessdate=5 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> they allow them to be used as a way for Muslims to come to power to establish Islamic rule.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ruling on democracy and elections and participating in that system - Islam Question & Answer |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/107166/% |website=Islam-QA |accessdate=5 August 2025 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=العجلان |first1=فهد صالح |title=المحرر في السياسة الشرعية |date=1 June 2022 |publisher=آفاق المعرفة للنشر |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4.html?id=_vt7EAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y |accessdate=16 November 2025 |language=ar}}</ref> == Primary bibliography == {{See also|Siyasatnama}} The earliest fundamental work on Islamic politics is [[Al-Mawardi]]'s ''[[Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya (book)|Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya]]'' (The Ordinances of Government). Other subsequent notable works include ''Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya'' by [[Abu Ya'la]], ''Al-Ghiyathi'' by [[Al-Juwayni]], ''[[Al-Turuq al-Hukmiyya]]'' by [[Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya|Ibn al-Qayyim]], and ''[[Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah (book)|Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah]]'' by [[Ibn Taymiyyah]]. == Scriptural manuscripts == === Quran === {{hatnote|See also: [[Verse of Obedience]] and [[Iqamat ad-Din]]}} In the context of Islamic politics in the Quran, political Islamists most prominently highlight the concept of [[Iqamat ad-Din]] (establishment of religion), which is mentioned in verse 13 of [[Surah Ash-Shura]]. {{quote|He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Noah and that which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what We enjoined upon Abraham and Moses and Jesus - to remain steadfast in religion (Arabic: اَقِیۡمُوا الدِّیۡনَ, ''Aqīmū d-Dīn'') and not be divided therein. Difficult for those who associate others with Allah is that to which you invite them. Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills and guides to Himself whoever turns back [to Him].|Surah Ash-Shura, Verse 13}} However, there is a divergence of opinion among Islamists regarding what "Din" (religion) signifies in the phrase "Establish the Din." [[Political Islam|Political Islamists]] claim that it implies the establishment of Allah's governance, His divine command, or an Islamic government, thereby establishing Islamic or Muslim politics and power. On the other hand, mainstream adherents of [[Traditional Salafism]] assert that it signifies establishing [[Tawhid]] (the oneness of God) and a pure Islamic [[Aqidah]] (creed) among the public through dawah (proselytization). They reject and oppose the former governance-oriented interpretation, claiming it to be erroneous. [[File:আনুগত্যের আয়াত.jpg|thumb|400px|right|The 59th verse of Surah An-Nisa, known as the Verse of Obedience, is an important verse utilized in the context of Islamic politics.]] Regarding obedience to political authorities in Islam, verse 59 of Surah An-Nisa is frequently cited and is termed the Verse of Obedience. It commands obedience to Allah and the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as to the [[Uli al-Amr]] (those in authority among you, interpreted as rulers and scholars). This obedience is conditional upon lawful Islamic mandates ([[Halal]]) and does not apply to un-Islamic directives ([[Haram]]). {{quote|O you who have believed! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you (Uli al-Amr minkum). And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.|Surah An-Nisa, Verse 59}} [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] initiated his book ''Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah'' (The Canonical Treatise on Governance) with the following verse. Alongside verse 59 of Surah An-Nisa, he also cited verse 58 as a prior instruction regarding justice and trustworthiness. {{quote|We have already sent Our messengers with clear evidences and sent down with them the Scripture and the balance that the people may maintain [their affairs] in justice. And We sent down iron, wherein is great military might and benefits for the people, and so that Allah may make evident those who support Him and His messengers unseen. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might.|Surah Al-Hadid, Verse 25}} {{quote|Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing.|Surah An-Nisa, Verse 58}} ==== Views of Western scholars ==== In his book ''Muhammad'', Michael Cook remarks that while the Quran does not explicitly address politics, it contains concepts such as the oppressed (''mustad'afun''), emigration (''[[Hijra]]''), the Muslim community (''[[Ummah]]''), and fighting in the cause of Allah (''[[Jihad]]''), all of which carry political implications.<ref name="Cook-1983-51-60">{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Michael |title=Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4 |date=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0192876058 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4/page/51 51]–60}}</ref> Several Quranic verses (such as Quran 4:98) discuss the *mustad'afun* ("those deemed weak," "helpless," or "oppressed"), detailing how figures like Pharaoh exploited them, how Allah wills that justice be served to them, and how they may emigrate from the land where they face tyranny (Quran 4:99). The prophet [[Abraham]] also "emigrated for the sake of his Lord" (Quran 29:26). The Quran commands fighting against disbelievers (''kuffar'') and promises divine assistance, though (some) verses suggest that this command applies primarily when disbelievers initiate warfare, and that hostilities may cease through treaties and reconciliation. Additionally, specific verses govern the proper distribution of spoils of war among victors. Commands are also given to fight internal enemies or "hypocrites" (''munafiqun'').<ref name="Cook-1983-51-60"/> Some injunctions did not extend beyond the Prophet's lifetime, such as the prohibition against arguing with Allah and His Prophet, or shouting and raising one's voice while speaking to the Prophet.<ref name="Cook-1983-56-7">{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Michael |title=Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4 |date=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0192876058 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4/page/56 56]–7}}</ref> The limited nature of explicit political doctrines in the Quran stems from the fact that it does not outline "any formal and continuing structure of authority"; it merely instructs believers to obey the Prophet.<ref name="Cook-1983-56-7"/> Furthermore, the political application of its core themes was highly restricted during an era when desert nomads could scarcely conceive that the ultimate success of Islam would lie in governing vast, peasant-majority territories controlled by major cities and empires.<ref name="Cook-1983-59">{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Michael |title=Muhammad |url=https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4 |date=1983 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0192876058 |page=[https://archive.org/details/muhammad0000cook_h0b4/page/59 59]}}</ref> === Hadith === ==== Mention of the term politics (Siyasah) ==== In Hadiths narrated in [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] and Sahih Muslim, the root word of ''Siyasah'' (politics/governance) is utilized as a verb. {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "The Children of Israel were governed by Prophets (tasusuhum al-anbiya); whenever a Prophet died, he was succeeded by another Prophet."|(Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3455; Sahih Muslim, Hadith 1842; Ibn Majah, Hadith 2871; Musnad Ahmad, Hadith 7960)}} [[Al-Nawawi]] states: "The phrase '[they] were governed by prophets' means that the prophets managed their affairs just as rulers take charge of the affairs of their subjects. Thus, *Siyasah* implies managing something in a manner that preserves its well-being and serves its best interests."<ref>{{cite web |title=Politics from an Islamic perspective - Islam Question & Answer |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/181673/politics-from-an-islamic-perspective |website=[[islamqa.info]] |access-date=4 August 2022 |language=en}}</ref> ==== Guidelines on leadership ==== ;Primary condition of leadership: A group of three and proficiency in the Quran (Islamic knowledge) [[Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid]], in his book *Hubb al-Riyasah* (The Love of Leadership), states that according to the Sunnah, whenever people are organized together, a leader must be appointed.<ref>The Illusion of Leadership, Original: Salih Al-Munajjid, Translation: Abdul Malek, Publisher: Hadith Foundation Bangladesh, p. 9</ref> {{quote|Narrated Abu Sa'id al-Khudri: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When three people set out on a journey, they should appoint one of them as their leader (Amir)."|Abu Dawud, 2608, Hasan Isnad by Al-Albani}} Another Hadith notes that if more than three people are together, they must select a leader, and they should choose the person who knows the Quran (and authentic Hadith/pure Islamic knowledge) best. {{quote|Narrated Abu Sa'id al-Khudri: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When three people assemble, one of them must lead them. And the one who has the greatest right to lead (Imamat) is the one who has read the most (aqra'uhum, interpreted as the one who has studied the Quran and authentic Islamic knowledge the most)."|Sahih Muslim, 1415}} Comprehensive instructions regarding the selection of a leader or Imam are provided in another Hadith. (While the majority of scholars view this as an instruction for religious leadership or leading prayer, several scholars also consider it a guideline for choosing political leadership.) {{quote|Narrated Abu Mas'ud: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The person who should lead the people is the one who knows the Book of Allah best. If they are equal in their knowledge of the Quran, then the one who has the deepest knowledge of the Sunnah should lead. If they are equal in their knowledge of the Sunnah, then the one who migrated (made Hijrah) first should lead. If they are equal in terms of migration, then the oldest in age should lead. No man should lead another in prayer in his place of authority, nor should anyone sit in his house in his place of honor without his permission."<ref group=Note>Explanation: (أَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللّهِ) There is disagreement regarding this part. Some interpreted it as the most knowledgeable regarding the Quran, its rulings, and meanings. Others took it literally to mean the one who has memorized the most. Al-Mubarakpuri prefers the latter view based on corroborating narrations. (فَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالسُّنَّةِ) At-Tibi states that Sunnah here denotes the Hadiths, while others suggest it means knowledge of the rulings of prayer. (فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ هِجْرَةً) This originally referred to migrating from Mecca to Medina prior to the Conquest of Mecca. In a broader sense, it includes moving from a non-Muslim territory to a Muslim state. (فَأَقْدَمُهُمْ سِنًّا) Refers to age or priority in accepting Islam. (وَلَا يَؤُمَّনَّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّজُلَ فِي سُلْطَانِه) This establishes that a person should not assume authority or lead in an area or residence where another person holds legitimate jurisdiction or ownership (such as a mosque's appointed Imam or a homeowner), unless explicit permission is granted, in order to prevent discord and jealousy.</ref>|Mishkat 1117, Muslim 673, Abu Dawud 582, At-Tirmidhi 235, Nasa'i 780, Ibn Majah 980, Ahmad 17063, Sahih Al-Jami' 3104.}} ;Acquisition of knowledge The Hadiths explicitly command that knowledgeable individuals (scholars) should be made leaders, while appointing ignorant individuals to leadership positions is designated as a sign of the Day of Judgment. {{quote|Narrated Urwah: I heard Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-Aas saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: "Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it away from the hearts of the people, but He takes it away by the death of the religious scholars. When no scholar remains, people will take ignorant persons as their leaders. They will be consulted, and they will issue verdicts (Fatwas) without knowledge. Consequently, they will go astray and lead others astray."|Sahih Muslim, 6689}} The companion [[Umar]] and the early pious predecessors (Salaf al-Salih) commanded individuals to acquire deep knowledge both before and after assuming leadership. {{quote|Umar said: "Acquire knowledge before you are made leaders." Abu Abdullah (Bukhari) added: "And also after you are made leaders, for the companions of the Prophet continued to learn even in their old age." Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Envy is justified only in two cases: a person whom Allah has given wealth and the power to spend it rightfully in the cause of truth; and a person whom Allah has granted wisdom (knowledge), and he judges by it and teaches it to others."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 73}} Conversely, acquiring knowledge solely for the purpose of flaunting leadership or debating others is strictly forbidden in the Hadith literature. {{quote|Narrated Ka'b ibn Malik: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: "Whoever seeks knowledge in order to argue with scholars, or to dispute with the ignorant, or to attract people's attention to himself, Allah will cast him into the Fire."|At-Tirmidhi, 2654, graded Hasan by Al-Albani}} ;Honesty and selflessness The Hadiths characterize individuals who are personally honest and who inherently dislike seeking power or leadership as those most suited to lead. {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "...You will find that the best people among you are those who hate leadership and governance the most, until they are burdened with it. Mankind is like mines (of gold and silver); those who were excellent in the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah) are excellent in Islam, provided they acquire deep religious knowledge..."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 3334}} Greed for power is explicitly discouraged, with warnings that while the initiation of leadership may seem pleasant, its consequences are often distressing. {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "You will eagerly seek leadership and authority, but it will become a cause of regret for you on the Day of Resurrection. What a good nursing mother it is (referring to the initial wealth and prestige of power), and what an evil weaning mother it is (referring to the pain of losing power at death or dismissal)!"|Mishkat 2681, Bukhari 7148, Nasa'i 4211, Ahmad 9791}} ;Consultation and priority of allegiance The Sunnah encourages the appointment of an Amir through mutual consultation (Shura). It mandates obeying the first leader to whom allegiance is pledged and forbids any rival claims to leadership during that leader's lifetime. {{quote|Narrated Jarir: ...Dhu 'Amr said to me: "O Jarir! You hold an honorable position... I inform you that you, the Arab nation, will remain in a good state as long as you appoint a new leader through consultation upon the death of the previous one. But if matters are decided by the force of the sword, your rulers will become like absolute kings..."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 4359}} {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "...There will be no prophet after me, but there will be Caliphs and they will be numerous." The companions asked: "What do you command us to do then?" He replied: "Fulfill the pledge of allegiance (Bay'ah) to the one who is given it first, and give them their due rights..."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 3455; Sahih Muslim, 1842}} {{quote|Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "He who pledges allegiance to a leader, giving him the grasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart, must obey him as much as he can. If another claimant comes forward to dispute his authority, strike off the neck of that second claimant."|Sahih Muslim, 4882}} {{quote|Narrated Arfajah: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "When you are united under the governance of a single ruler, and someone comes forward intending to fracture your solidarity or disrupt your community, kill him."|Sahih Muslim, 4904}} ;Entrusting leadership to competent individuals Authentic Sunni traditions mandate that leadership responsibilities must only be handed over to competent and qualified persons.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taymīyah |first1=Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm Ibn |title=The Political Shariyah on Reforming the Ruler and the Ruled |date=2005 |publisher=Dar ul Fiqh |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=ZdwVAQAAIAAJ |access-date=18 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: While the Prophet (peace be upon him) was speaking to a gathering, a Bedouin came and asked, "When will the Hour be?" The Prophet completed his discourse and then asked, "Where is the questioner about the Hour?" The man replied, "Here I am, O Messenger of Allah." The Prophet said, "When honesty and trusts are lost, then wait for the Hour." The man asked, "How will they be lost?" He replied, "When authority is entrusted to incompetent people, then wait for the Hour."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 6496}} ;Capability The Hadiths caution against appointing individuals who are inherently weak or incapable of handling administrative burdens. {{quote|Narrated Abu Dharr: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, will you not appoint me to a public office?" He patted my shoulder and said, "O Abu Dharr, you are weak, and authority is a trust (Amanah). On the Day of Resurrection, it will be a cause of humiliation and regret, except for the one who takes it rightfully and fulfills the duties incumbent upon him."|Sahih Muslim, 1825}} ;Exclusion of hypocrites In his treatise *An-Nifaq*, Salih al-Munajjid references a tradition where the Prophet forbade addressing a hypocrite as a master or leader. {{quote|Narrated Abdullah ibn Buraydah, from his father: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Do not address a hypocrite as 'Sayyid' (master/leader). For if he is indeed your leader, you will have angered your Lord."|Abu Dawud, 4977}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/57.munafiqi_by_Muhammad_Saleh_Al_-Munajjid.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 June 2026 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405093222/https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/57.munafiqi_by_Muhammad_Saleh_Al_-Munajjid.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ;Exclusion of women from the head of state Prophetic narrations declare that a woman cannot occupy the position of supreme head of state. {{quote|Narrated Abu Bakrah: When the news reached the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) that the people of Persia had appointed the daughter of Chosroes as their queen, he said: "Never will a nation succeed that entrusts its public affairs to a woman."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 4425}} ;Prohibition on seeking leadership Scholars like Salih al-Munajjid and Fahad bin Salih al-Ajlan highlight that authentic traditions explicitly bar appointing individuals who aggressively campaign for or demand leadership roles.<ref>The Illusion of Leadership, p. 21</ref><ref>Al-Muharrar fi al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah, Fahad bin Salih al-Ajlan, Translation: Abdullah Mazumder, Edited by Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria, September 2025, p. 273</ref> {{quote|Narrated Abu Musa al-Ash'ari: I went to the Prophet with two of my cousins. One of them said, "O Messenger of Allah, appoint us as rulers over some of the territory that Allah has entrusted to you." The other said something similar. The Prophet replied, "By Allah, we do not appoint anyone to this position who asks for it or covets it."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 7149; Sahih Muslim, 4821}} {{quote|Narrated Abd al-Rahman ibn Samurah: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to me: "O Abd al-Rahman ibn Samurah, do not seek public office. For if you are given it without asking, you will be aided in it. But if you are given it because of your requesting it, you will be left to it entirely (without divine help)..."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 6722}} ;Permissibility of requesting leadership for public good by qualified individuals However, some scholars cite specific exceptions where a qualified person may request a leadership position solely to establish a public or religious good. {{quote|Narrated Uthman ibn Abu al-As: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, appoint me as the Imam of my tribe." He replied, "You are their Imam. But be mindful of the weakest among them when leading prayer, and appoint a Mu'adhin who does not accept payment for the Adhan."|Sahih: Ahmad 15836, Abu Dawud 531, Nasa'i 272}} ;Accountability and responsibility Rulers are severely warned against failing to look after the welfare of their subjects. {{quote|Narrated Ma'qil ibn Yasar: I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) saying, "Any ruler whom Allah places in charge of subjects, and he dies while failing to look after their welfare with sincerity, Allah will forbid him from smelling the fragrance of Paradise."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 7150}} ==== Obedience and Dissent ==== The Prophet strictly commanded Muslims to maintain community solidarity and to bear the shortcomings or tyranny of rulers patiently rather than causing fragmentation or rebellion.<ref name=Usul>Usul al-Iman: Fundamental Principles of Faith in the Light of Quran and Sunnah, Authors: A group of scholars from Islamic University of Madinah, Translation: Mohammad Manzure Elahi, Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria, Publisher: Sabuj Patra, pp. 341–347</ref> {{quote|Narrated Anas ibn Malik: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Listen and obey, even if an Ethiopian slave whose head is like a raisin is appointed as your ruler."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 7142}} {{quote|Narrated Irbad ibn Sariyah: ...The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "I enjoin you to fear Allah, and to listen and obey, even if your leader is an Ethiopian slave. Whosoever among you survives me will witness immense conflict. In such a situation, it is incumbent upon you to hold fast to my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs..."|Mishkat al-Masabih, 165; Abu Dawud, 4607; At-Tirmidhi, 2676}} {{quote|Narrated Ibn Umar: Umar delivered a sermon to us at Al-Jabiyah and said: "O people, I stand before you just as the Messenger of Allah stood before us... It is incumbent upon you to stick to the Muslim community (Jama'at) and beware of division. Satan remains with a solitary person, but he is further away from two people. Whoever desires the best part of Paradise must adhere to the community..."|Sunan At-Tirmidhi, 2165}} {{quote|Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "The hand of Allah is over the community (Jama'at)."|Sunan At-Tirmidhi, 2166}} {{quote|Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever sees something from his ruler that he dislikes, he should be patient. For whoever separates from the community even by a handspan and dies, his death will be that of the days of ignorance (Jahiliyyah)."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 7053}} {{quote|Narrated Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman: ...I asked, "What do you command me to do, O Messenger of Allah, if I encounter such a situation (corrupt leaders)?" He replied: "Listen to and obey the Amir, even if your back is beaten and your wealth is confiscated; listen and obey."|Sahih Muslim, 4679}} The mandate to obey rulers applies exclusively to lawful directives ([[Halal]]). Obedience is strictly prohibited if a ruler orders a sin ([[Haram]]).<ref name=Usul/><ref>{{cite web |title=Ruling on Pledging Allegiance (Bay'ah) in Islam |url=https://ikhlasbd.com/article_details/9010 |website=Monthly Al-Ikhlas |publisher=Monthly Al-Ikhlas |access-date=5 October 2022 |date=September 2021}}</ref> {{quote|Narrated Abdullah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Hearing and obeying is mandatory upon every Muslim regarding what he likes or dislikes, as long as he is not commanded to commit a sin. If he is commanded to commit a sin, there is no hearing and no obeying."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 7144; Sahih Muslim, 1839}} {{quote|Narrated Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Rabb al-Ka'bah: ...I asked Abdullah ibn Amr... He replied: "Obey him (the ruler) in matters of obedience to Allah, and disobey him in matters of disobedience to Allah."|Sahih Muslim, 4670}} ==== Advising the leader privately ==== The Sunnah mandates that counseling or correcting a ruler should be performed privately rather than through public agitation.<ref name=Usul/> {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Allah is pleased with three things for you... that you worship Him alone... hold fast together to the rope of Allah and do not be divided, and that you sincerely advise those whom Allah has placed in authority over your affairs."<ref name=Usul/><ref group="Note">The bracketed text regarding advising rulers is found in authentic classical extractions used in theology manuals like *Usul al-Iman*.</ref>|Sahih Muslim, 1715}} {{quote|Narrated Iyad ibn Ghanam: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever intends to advise someone in authority should not do so openly. Rather, he should take him by his hand and counsel him in private. If the ruler accepts it, it is well; if he does not, the adviser has fulfilled his obligation."|Musnad Ahmad, 15333; Ibn Abi Asim, Al-Sunnah, 2/50<ref name=Usul/><ref group=Note>This tradition is verified as authentic according to classical Hadith methodologies utilized by Salafi scholars.</ref>}} Proclaiming the truth in front of a tyrannical ruler is classified as the best form of Jihad. {{quote|Narrated Abu Umamah: A man asked the Prophet during the Farewell Pilgrimage, "Which Jihad is best?" ...The Prophet replied: "The best Jihad is a word of truth spoken in front of an oppressive ruler."|Musnad Ahmad, 18830; Ibn Majah, 4012; graded Sahih by Al-Albani}} Salafi theologians reconcile these narrations by clarifying that speaking truth to a ruler must occur face-to-face in his presence, and that launching public, mass criticisms or public denunciations against rulers remains impermissible.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madani |first1=Motiur Rahman |title=Speaking the truth before an oppressive ruler: Public criticism explained |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=5kyKznMobuI |website=YouTube |access-date=1 February 2025 |date=7 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zakaria |first1=Abu Bakr Muhammad |title=Is rebelling against rulers permissible? |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=joxJHjOjLcY |website=YouTube |access-date=1 February 2025 |date=12 April 2020}}</ref> ==== Criteria for legitimacy of leadership ==== In his book *Jihadism in the Name of Islam*, [[Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir]] notes that traditions forbid armed rebellion against rulers as long as they establish regular prayers or permit public prayer. {{quote|Narrated Umm Salamah: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Rulers will be appointed over you whose good deeds you will recognize and whose bad deeds you will dislike... They asked, 'Should we not fight them?' He replied, 'No, as long as they offer prayers.'"|Sahih Muslim, 4694}} Motiur Rahman Madani states that rebellion against a ruler becomes legitimate only when the ruler commits manifest, indisputable disbelief (Kufr Bawah) and completely bans public prayer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madani |first1=Motiur Rahman |title=When is it permissible to protest against a Muslim ruler? |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YNnQ8PJGw8Q |website=YouTube |location=Dammam Islamic Center, Saudi Arabia |access-date=1 February 2025 |date=31 December 2017}}</ref> Fahad bin Salih al-Ajlan, referencing Qadi Iyad and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, explains that if a ruler falls into apostasy or clear disbelief, allegiance is voided. If the Muslim community has the physical capability, they may remove him. However, if they lack the capability, they must temporarily endure his rule to prevent mass chaos, dealing with him on a realistic basis without granting legal religious legitimacy to his authority.<ref>Al-Muharrar fi al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah, p. 306</ref> {{quote|Narrated Junadah ibn Abu Umayyah: We visited Ubadah ibn al-Samit when he was ill... He said: "The Prophet called us and we took the oath of allegiance. Among the conditions he textually bound us to was: to listen and obey both in pleasure and displeasure, in hardship and ease, and even when others are preferred over us, and that we would not dispute the authority of those fitted for it, unless you witness open, manifest disbelief (Kufr Bawah) concerning which you possess clear proof from Allah."|Sahih Muslim, 4665; Sahih al-Bukhari, 7056}} ==== Tribalism and Nepotism ==== Hadiths strictly condemn and forbid tribalism or partisan nepotism ([[Asabiyyah]]). {{quote|Narrated Junandab ibn Abdullah al-Bajali: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever fights under a banner of blindness, advocating partisan fanatical tribalism (asabiyyah) or assisting tribalism, dies a death of the days of ignorance (Jahiliyyah)."|Sahih Muslim, 4686}} {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Allah has removed from you the pride of Jahiliyyah and its boasting about ancestors. One is only a God-fearing believer or a miserable sinner. You are all children of Adam, and Adam was made of dust. People must cease boasting about nations..."|Abu Dawud, 5116; At-Tirmidhi, 4233: Hasan}} When faced with blatant nepotism or favoritism from rulers, the Prophet instructed citizens to avoid creating chaos, to fulfill their civic duties, and to supplicate to Allah for their rights. {{quote|Narrated Abdullah: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "In the near future, you will witness nepotism, selfishness, and matters that you will dislike." The companions asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you command us to do then?" He replied: "Render to them their due rights, and ask Allah for your own rights."|Sahih al-Bukhari, 7052; Sahih Muslim, 1843}} ==== Rise of oppressive rulers due to public corruption ==== {{quote|Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) turned to us and said: "O Muhajirun! There are five trials with which you will be tested... When a nation breaks its covenant with Allah and His Messenger, Allah permits their foreign enemies to dominate them and seize their resources. And when their leaders do not govern according to the Book of Allah and do not select from what Allah has revealed, Allah causes severe internal conflicts and civil warfare to break out among them."<ref group=Note>Narrated by Ibn Majah. Evaluated as Hasan by Al-Albani.</ref>|Sunan Ibn Majah, 4019}} ==== Refraining from internal strife (Fitnah) ==== Bangladeshi Islamic scholar Saifullah Madani emphasizes that during complex civil conflicts where the situation is ambiguous and participating would lead to extensive Muslim bloodshed, authentic Prophetic guidelines mandate complete isolation and refraining from joining any faction.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Madani |first1=Muhammad Saifullah |title=The Manhaj of the Salaf regarding internal tribulations (Part 27) |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TwvOFArhtbQ |website=YouTube |publisher=Dawatus Sunnah (DS) Islamic Center Official YouTube Page |access-date=1 February 2025 |date=16 December 2024}}</ref> {{quote|Narrated Abu Musa al-Ash'ari: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "During tribulations (Fitnah), a person's safety lies in remaining inside his house."|Al-Daylami, Sahih al-Jami', 3649}} {{quote|Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "There will be tribulations during which a sitting person will be better than a standing one, a standing person will be better than a walking one, and a walking person will be better than a running one. Whoever exposes himself to them will be destroyed. So whoever finds a place of refuge or shelter should take asylum in it."|Sahih Muslim, 7429}} [[Hasan al-Basri]] used to counsel: "If people faced the oppression of their rulers by turning to Allah in prayer, Allah would surely grant them relief. However, they rushed to their swords instead, and consequently, they were left entirely to their swords and never saw a single day of true good." He would then recite verse 137 of Surah Al-A'raf: "And the good word of your Lord was fulfilled for the Children of Israel because they had been patient. And We destroyed what Pharaoh and his people were making and what they had built."<ref>Tafsir Ibn Abi Hatim, 8897</ref> == In Islamic jurisprudence == In his book ''Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah'', [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] states that enduring sixty years under an oppressive ruler is far better than spending a single night without a leader or ruler. In his work ''Darus al-Sheikh al-Albani'', [[Nasiruddin al-Albani]] remarks, "O Muslims, refraining from politics is itself a part of politics" (Arabic: أيّها المتأسلمون: من السياسة ترك السياسة, ''Min as-siyasah tarku al-siyasah''). In that text, he elaborates: {{quote|Question: The initial question posed to us concerns a criticized matter. May Allah reward you well, as you have undertaken the intellectually demanding task of providing your perspective on many of the criticized aspects of [[Tablighi Jamaat]]. However, there are further criticisms relating to other viewpoints that we wish to clarify—initially in brief, and subsequently in detail, may Allah have mercy on you. The questioner asks: "What do you say regarding a core tenet of Tablighi Jamaat, wherein they state: 'When we go out (for dawah work), we refrain from discussing four specific topics to prevent fitnah (discord). These are: politics, jurisprudence (fiqh), jurisprudential disagreements (ikhitlaf), and partisan/sectarian differences'?" Answer: And we pray to Allah that He guides them! Initially, we agree with them regarding the matter of politics, but not in its entirety. Our view on this is something I have articulated on multiple occasions. We faced interrogation in Syria by the intelligence agencies—an unfortunate reality across almost every Muslim nation—questioning us: "You are organizing gatherings, forming groups, and so on." I replied: "This group is dedicated to reformation, not politics." After a prolonged discussion lasting over an hour, when the Ba'athist interrogator found no viable legal grounds to proceed, he said: "Then go, continue giving your lessons (darz), but do not discuss politics." Even though I had explained to him that we call toward self-reformation through returning to the Quran and the Sunnah—as you have consistently heard throughout your life—and had detailed this prior, he still returned to the same statement: "But do not involve yourselves in politics." This compels me to clarify certain matters for you. It is true that we do not engage in politics. However, stating that involvement in politics is not a part of Islam is incorrect. Politics is inherently a part of Islam, and several Islamic scholars are well-acquainted with Ibn Taymiyyah's book ''Al-Siyasah al-Shar'iyah, Qadiman wa Hadithan'' (The Canonical Treatise on Governance, Past and Present). An Islamic state cannot exist outside the realm of politics. What does the word politics (Siyasah) truly signify? It means: the policy or governance of the people (Siyasatun Nas) and establishing solutions to their problems in accordance with their worldly and spiritual interests. We do not deny the necessity of engaging in politics; however, we have observed—and we possess supporting evidence for this—that refraining from politics is itself a part of politics. Political engagement must be temporary or provisional; it cannot be abandoned permanently, for how else could a Muslim state be established without politics? Nevertheless, those who engage in politics must be religious scholars (Ulema) who possess a proper understanding of the Book (Quran) and the Sunnah according to the comprehension of the Pious Predecessors (Salaf al-Salih). Therefore, we initially agree with them (Tablighi Jamaat) on this general premise, but we diverge when it comes to the specific details. Thus, we maintain: refraining from politics is itself a part of politics.}} The [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and aligned Islamist factions strongly oppose Al-Albani's viewpoint, arguing that his stance effectively separates religion from politics. Conversely, Al-Albani's adherents counter this criticism by clarifying that the "politics" he condemned refers to corrupt, competitive political structures driven by a thirst for power, prestige, and wealth under the guise of Islam. Emphasizing the methods for building an Islamic society, Al-Albani highlighted the paramount importance of *Tasfiyah* (purification of creed) and *Tarbiyah* (education and cultivation), stating: {{quote|The current situation of Muslims is that they live under the subjugation of disbelieving nations superior in material strength, and are oppressed by rulers who do not govern by Allah's law, or do so only minutely. Consequently, despite having potential and capability, they are deprived of operating organizational and political movements. In this scenario, I believe Muslim groups must focus exclusively on two vital imperatives. I do not believe there is any other way for Muslims to escape this weakness, humiliation, and disgrace. I say to all believing Muslim brothers and sisters, especially the conscious and committed youth: first, we must recognize the tragic reality of Muslims, and second, we must seek the path of liberation with all our strength. Millions of Muslims today are Muslim merely by geographical reality or identity—meaning they are Muslim according to their nationality, ID cards, and birth certificates. I will say nothing to them today. I repeat to everyone that there are only two paths of liberation open to those seeking freedom: (1) ''Tasfiyah'' or the correction of Akidah (creed), and (2) ''Tarbiyat'' or practical training and cultivation. Tasfiyah means presenting pure Islam to the Muslim youth, entirely stripped of false creeds, superstitions, innovations (Bid'ah), and fabricated or weak Hadiths that have crept in over time. Without implementing this creedal reform, no alternative path exists. Without this reform, there is no way to restore the desired peace and security among Muslims. The purpose of this 'Tasfiyah' is to present Islam as the sole remedy, just as it once cured the Arabs who were humiliated and oppressed by the Persians, Romans, and Abyssinians on one hand, while worshipping others alongside Allah on the other. From this standpoint, we oppose all Islamist factions and political groups, believing that Tasfiyah and Tarbiyat must commence simultaneously. If we begin with politics, we will find that those currently immersed in politics possess corrupted creeds, and their behavior from an Islamic perspective is largely non-compliant with the Sharia. They are merely preoccupied with amassing crowds in the general name of Islam, yet those masses lack any clear conception of their goals and ideology. Consequently, no Islamic influence is visible in their daily lives. It will be observed that most of them do not implement Islamic injunctions within their own personal lives, which would have been easily possible for them. Yet, at the same time, they loudly chant the slogan: 'No rule except by Allah's law!' The statement is correct—indeed, no rule should exist except what Allah has revealed. However, it must be remembered that: 'He who lacks something cannot give it to others.' If the majority of contemporary Muslims seek a militant struggle to establish Islam in the state without first establishing Allah's law within their own lives, they will never succeed in fulfilling their objectives. For if someone has lost something themselves, they cannot pass it on to others. And those rulers are, after all, part of this Ummah. Therefore, both the rulers and the ruled must understand the root causes of this weakness. Why are Muslim rulers mostly failing to govern by Islamic law? Why do Muslim callers (Da'is) fail to implement Islamic mandates in their personal lives before calling upon others to establish Islam in the state? The answer is uniform: either none of them possess correct knowledge and understanding of Islam beyond a superficial level, or they have failed to build their lifestyles, characters, and mutual transactions upon Islamic values. Based on my experience, I can affirm that they are mired in a profound error—namely, being cast far away from the correct understanding of the Deen. Today, some callers even remark that the Salafis have spent their entire lives merely preaching Tawhid (monotheism). Subhanallah! How deeply ignorant is the person who utters such words out of lack of knowledge. Even if he is not genuinely negligent, he lacks an understanding of the message of all the Prophets and Messengers. For the call of every Prophet was: 'Worship Allah and avoid Taghut (false deities)' (Surah An-Nahl 16:36). Noah (A.S.) spent 950 years preaching nothing but this core message. He did not introduce new social reforms, enact legislation, or engage in state politics; rather, he simply proclaimed: 'O my people! Worship Allah alone and avoid Taghut.' This was the exact methodology of the preceding Salaf Prophets! How then can these contemporary Muslim callers sink so low as to condemn the Salafis for pursuing that very same methodology? The second remedy is Tarbiyat or training. The youth must be trained in such a manner that they do not become infatuated with the world like their predecessors. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 'By Allah, it is not poverty that I fear for you. Rather, I fear that the wealth of the world will be spread before you as it was spread before those before you, and you will compete for it as they competed for it, and it will destroy you just as it destroyed them' (Bukhari, Muslim). Muslims must also guard against another ailment so it finds no place in their hearts: the love of the world and the fear of death (Abu Dawud). This is a disease that must be treated, and protecting people from it is imperative. The Prophet provided the solution at the end of a Hadith: '...until you return to your religion' (Abu Dawud). That is, the path to liberation manifests by returning to the pure religion upon which the Messenger (peace be upon him) and his Companions remained steadfast. Allah the Almighty states: 'If you support Allah, He will support you' (Surah Muhammad 47:7). Exegetes agree that supporting Allah in this verse means acting according to His commands and laws. Thus, if supporting Allah is impossible without implementing His laws, how can we engage in actual Jihad when we are failing to support Allah? For just as our creed is impure, our morality is similarly on the brink of ruin. Therefore, prior to initiating physical Jihad, our mandatory primary strategy must be declaring war against this negligence, apathy, and internal discord, alongside striving to attain pure creed and self-purification. Allah says: 'And do not dispute and lose courage, lest your strength depart' (Surah Al-Anfal 8:46). Consequently, when we succeed in ending this internal friction and negligence, replacing it with an awakening of mutual unity and love, that will become the primary key to our worldly strength. Allah states: 'And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and of steeds of war' (Surah Al-Anfal 8:60). In terms of character, the condition of Muslims is disastrous and deeply misguided. Therefore, a statement by a prominent non-Salafi Muslim caller (Qazi Hassan Huzaymi) astonished me, even though his followers do not act upon it. He said: 'Establish the Islamic state within your hearts, and it will be established for you upon your land.' Most callers err when they neglect this core principle of ours. They commit the same error when they claim: 'Now is not the time for Tasfiyah and Tarbiyah; rather, it is the time for political alignment and mass mobilization.' Yet, how is unity achievable under these conditions when discord prevails over both fundamental and secondary principles?... This weakness is expanding heavily among Muslims today. The sole path of liberation, as I stated before, is to return properly to pure Islam and implement the principles of Tasfiyah and Tarbiyah across society. I hope this suffices. All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.}} In his book ''Hadither Name Jaliati'' (Fabrications in the Name of Hadith), [[Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir]] observes: {{quote|One form of lying in the name of Hadith is failing to provide a literal translation and instead integrating one's own biases or omitting portions during translation. Alternatively, making the commentary or explanation of what the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said appear as an integral part of the Hadith itself. In our society, almost all of us are complicit in this offense. Whether regarding self-purification, spiritual discipleship (pir-muridi), dawah-tabligh, or politics, people of every group and ideology present arguments from the Quran and Hadith to support their contentious issues. Presenting such evidence is a completely natural action and a demand of faith. However, we typically present our own interpretations as though they came directly from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). For instance, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) governed a state, but he did not engage in 'party politics' in the contemporary sense—meaning he did not establish a system for changing power via democratic voting. Today, many scholars participate in democratic 'politics'. This is adopted as a contemporary method for commanding right, forbidding wrong, or establishing the religion (Iqamat ad-Din). However, if we state that 'the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) engaged in politics,' the listener or reader will interpret 'politics' in its contemporary sense, i.e., contesting for power through voting. Since he did not engage in this type of politics, stating it in this manner constitutes lying in his name. Therefore, we ought to separate what he explicitly did and said from what we are interpreting. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ propagated the faith throughout his entire life. For the sake of religion, he and many of his Sahaba permanently left their homes and made 'Hijrah' (emigration). However, he never set out for dawah journeys by fixing specific timeframes such as a 1 or 2-month tour. In the contemporary context, many who do not perform Hijrah still travel to various places for short periods to carry out dawah work. But if we justify this action by stating that 'the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to go out for dawah,' the reader or listener will assume it means 'going out for a predetermined timeframe.' Since he never conducted dawah work in this specific format, attributing it to him would be a falsehood.}} Regarding the relationship between Sufis and Salafis (Wahhabis), their political philosophies, and the manipulation or misinterpretation of these concepts in the Western world, [[Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir]] writes in his book ''Islamer Name Jongibad'' (Terrorism in the Name of Islam): {{quote|Many researchers cite 'Wahhabism' as the root cause of terrorism. The doctrines preached by the religious leader of Saudi Arabia, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703–1792 CE), are termed 'Wahhabi' doctrines. He protested against grave worship, prostrating to graves, tying threads to graves or trees, making vows to them, and other superstitions, Shirk, and Bid'ah prevalent in Arabia at the time. His discourse was not limited to mere protest; furthermore, he labeled his opponents as polytheists (Mushrikun). In 1745 CE, Emir Muhammad ibn Saud (d. 1765), the ruler of the small village-state of Diriyah located near the modern Saudi capital of Riyadh, allied with him. Their followers considered their opponents as polytheists and initiated military campaigns against them. By 1804, most of the Arabian Peninsula, including Mecca and the Hejaz, came under Saudi-Wahhabi control. The Ottoman Caliphate of the time viewed this new principality as highly detrimental to its hegemony and leadership. This was because the spiritual centers of Islam, Mecca and Medina, fell out of their custody, while the rise of an independent kingdom in mainland Arabia threatened the exclusive leadership of the Turks in the Muslim world. Consequently, the Ottoman Caliph propagated edicts through court scholars characterizing the Wahhabis as heretics, apostates, and major enemies of Islam. Vigorous propaganda campaigns were launched throughout the Muslim world to prevent anyone from viewing this new state as a successor to the Islamic Caliphate. Alongside this, he directed Muhammad Ali, the ruler of Ottoman-controlled Egypt, to launch military campaigns against the Wahhabis. Under the onslaught of the Egyptian forces, the Saudi state collapsed in 1818. Subsequently, descendants of the Saudi royal house repeatedly attempted to reclaim their realm. Finally, Abdulaziz ibn Abdul Rahman Al Saud (1879–1953) established modern 'Saudi Arabia' through a prolonged series of military conflicts from 1901 to 1924 CE. Since the 18th century, whenever a reformist call or movement arose anywhere in the Muslim world, Saudi 'Wahhabis' claimed it was inspired by the ideals of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Conversely, through Ottoman propaganda, the term 'Wahhabi' became a highly pejorative term in Muslim society, reviled more than other deviant sects. Consequently, the British colonial government labeled anti-British religious scholars as Wahhabis so that they would lose acceptability among ordinary Muslims. Additionally, various religious factions within Muslim society utilized the term 'Wahhabi' extensively to condemn one another. Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab's contemporary Indian Muslim reformist was Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762 CE). Early in his preaching career, he traveled to Mecca in 1731 CE and remained there for three years. Upon returning home, he contributed significantly to the spread of Islamic education in India. He also vehemently criticized and protested against grave worship, saint worship, making vows to graves, seeking deliverance from distress from grave-dwellers or living spiritual masters (pirs/walis), and other forms of Shirk, Bid'ah, superstition, and sectarian extremism. For this reason, some have attempted to label him as a 'Wahhabi'. However, the first organized and well-known 'Wahhabi' leader in India was Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831 CE), a prominent student of Shah Waliullah's son, Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824 CE). He preached across India against shrines, dargahs, individual worship, making vows and offerings in the name of deceased individuals, and various other forms of Shirk, Bid'ah, and superstition. Furthermore, he declared war against British hegemony. In 1821 CE, he traveled for Hajj, returning to India after staying there for nearly three years. In 1826 CE, he performed 'Hijrah' from British India to the Northwest Frontier Province, where he announced the establishment of an 'Islamic State' and became its head. Under his leadership, Muslims from various regions of India assembled there and declared Jihad against the British and the Sikhs. Following several battles, his forces were defeated at the Battle of Balakot in 1831 CE, where he achieved martyrdom. For the next nearly 30 years, followers of Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi continued various forms of isolated Jihad and resistance against the British. In 1803–1804, the 'Wahhabis' captured Mecca and Medina and demolished the ancient grave-centric mausoleums there, causing widespread resentment among ordinary Muslims. The followers of Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlawi protested against Shirk, Kufr, Bid'ah, and superstition in the exact same manner as the 'Wahhabis'. Thus, there was an external similarity between their views and those of the 'Wahhabis'. In 1823 CE, Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi visited Mecca for Hajj. The British rulers strategically propagated that: 'Those who are preaching to you in the name of independence are actually enemies of Islam and a group that insults the Prophet and the Companions. Their name is Wahhabi, and they have shown audacity by destroying the graves of your beloved Prophet's descendants... and Sayyid Ahmad has been appointed as their agent. Since they are all Wahhabis, they also want to destroy the graves of your revered spiritual guides and ancestors...' Through this, the British government implied that they held no animosity toward true Islam, which they claimed to love. They claimed they were merely suppressing and punishing the deviant Wahhabi sect. Therefore, ordinary 'good' Muslims had no reason to be upset or aggrieved. Several reformist movements emerged in India from the disciples of Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi. Among his disciples, many rejected the restriction of adhering to a specific Madhhab and called themselves 'Ahle Hadith'. Another disciple, Maulana Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, founded a reformist stream. The Pir of Furfura, Maulana Abu Bakr Siddique, was also a follower and grand-disciple of Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi. Deobandi scholars likewise received education from his lineage of disciples. All of them were labeled by their opponents and the colonial government as 'Wahhabis', 'colored Wahhabis', or 'disguised Wahhabis'. Other contemporary reformists include Mir Nisar Ali, widely known as Titu Mir (1782–1831), a direct disciple of Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi, and Haji Shariatullah (1781–1840). They were also labeled as Wahhabis, and their resistance movements were termed Wahhabi movements. To illustrate the use of the term 'Wahhabi', consider the example of Titu Mir. Born in the 24 Parganas district of Bengal in 1782 CE, he met Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi in Mecca during Hajj in 1823 and became his spiritual disciple. Upon returning home, he propagated pure Islamic teachings among the people of his locality. Although he spoke against British rule, he never opposed the Hindu religion, its followers, or Hindu landlords. However, as his teachings increased religious practice among ordinary Muslims, local Hindu landlords grew resentful. They informed ordinary Muslim tenants that they loved true Islam but sought to suppress the Wahhabi doctrine. They argued that for generations, Muslims had kept names similar to Hindus, shaved their beards, kept long mustaches, refrained from building mosques, and did not slaughter cows. They claimed Titu Mir was encouraging people to keep beards, trim mustaches, adopt Islamic names, build mosques in Muslim villages, and slaughter cows in the name of Qurbani according to Wahhabi doctrine, thereby ruining Hindu-Muslim harmony. Consequently, suppressing the Wahhabi doctrine was deemed paramount. They claimed that 'good' Muslims had no reason to be angry. For this reason, Ramnarayan Babu of Taragunia, Krishnadeva Roy of Purha, Gaurprasad Chowdhury of Nagarpur, and other prominent landlords collectively issued a notice containing 5 directives: '(1) Anyone who accepts the discipleship of Titu Mir and becomes a Wahhabi, keeps a beard, and trims his mustache must pay a tax of two and a half rupees per beard and five quarters of a rupee per mustache. (2) If a mosque is constructed, a tribute of five hundred rupees for a temporary mosque and one thousand rupees for a permanent mosque must be paid to the landlord's estate. (3) If anyone changes the name given by parents or relatives to adopt an Arabic name according to Wahhabi doctrine, a registration fee of fifty rupees per name must be deposited with the landlord's estate. (4) If a cow is slaughtered, the right hand of the slaughterer will be severed so that he can never slaughter a cow again. (5) Anyone who shelters the Wahhabi Titu Mir in their home will be evicted from their homestead.' In essence, due to the extensive propaganda of the Ottoman Caliphate and the British government, this bifurcation between 'true Islam' and 'Wahhabi Islam' has acquired a universal status among Western researchers. Wherever a reform movement, independence struggle, effort to establish an Islamic social or state system, or anti-colonial, anti-imperialist, or anti-Western movement involves practicing Muslims, scholars, religious figures, or spiritual masters, there is an attempt to label it as 'Wahhabi'. In this division between Wahhabi Islam and true Islam, many Western researchers identify true Islam as 'Sufi Islam'. In their view, Sufi Islam is non-sectarian, apolitical, and liberal. As evidence, they cite that in countless Sufi shrines across Asia, Africa, Europe, and America, people of all religions and races, regardless of gender, gather together, participating in Dhikr, litanies, Sama-Qawwali, and receiving blessings and sacred food. These shrines focus on self-purification and spirituality, completely avoiding discussions on politics and state affairs. Looking at our country and others, we observe two distinct levels of Sufi Islam. We see that many Muslims, in the name of Tasawwuf and Sufism, view spiritual masters (pirs) as incarnations of God or as possessing exclusive divine relationships or powers; they prostrate to them and their tombs, view the fulfillment of Sharia mandates like Salah and Sawm as optional, and consider music and dance as vital aspects of Sufi Islam. They claim to be the true Sufis and true Sunnis. Those who object to prostrating to pirs or graves, music, smoking, or emphasize the obligation of practicing the Sharia are severely condemned by this tier of Sufis as 'Wahhabis' and 'enemies of the saints (walis)'. Some even view the consumption of tobacco or cannabis as a core identity of Sunni and Sufi Islam, condemning opponents of smoking as Wahhabis. Many other Muslims strongly condemn prostrating to pirs or graves and music, viewing Sharia adherence as the core of Sufi Islam, and alongside practicing the Sharia, they learn and practice Tariqat from spiritual guides. According to the first tier of Sufis and mystics, these individuals are Wahhabis and enemies of Sufi Islam. However, they claim to be the true Sufis and Sunnis, viewing the first tier as deviant. Disagreements exist within this second tier of Tasawwuf practitioners regarding various matters such as Urs, Isale Sawab, Miladunnabi, Siratunnabi, and methods of Dhikr. Based on these disagreements, one faction condemns another as Wahhabis, enemies of the Prophet, or enemies of the saints, while claiming exclusivity as true Sunnis and Sufis, even though all believe in pir-muridi, Tasawwuf, and follow various spiritual orders. Western Christians naturally favor the first tier of Sufi Islam and its followers because their outlook aligns closely with Western sensibilities. They visit these Sufi gatherings, shrines, and lodges in Europe, America, and elsewhere, participating in music and spiritual practices. These Sufis receive them with immense warmth. Naturally, Western powers desire the expansion of this specific form of Sufi Islam across all Muslim countries, believing its expansion ensures peace and coexistence among all religions and the irreligious. Imperialist powers interested in spreading hegemony over Islamic countries under the guise of the 'Clash of Civilizations' initially took a blanket stance against Islam. However, observing that this increased resistance against them, they sought to divide Muslims, drawing some to their side while opposing others. Initially, they divided Muslims into 'liberals' and 'fundamentalists' or extremists. This division failed to gain much traction in Muslim nations. Consequently, over the past few years, they have attempted to market a new division: Sufi Islam versus Wahhabi Islam. They are well aware of the influence of Sufis in Muslim countries and the disdain ordinary Muslims hold toward the word 'Wahhabi'. Just as the British government and Hindu landlords largely succeeded in rendering Sayyid Ahmad, Titu Mir, Shariatullah, and all religious reform and anti-imperialist movements odious to ordinary Muslims by framing them as 'Wahhabis', contemporary powers attempt to frame all Islamic activities and personalities conflicting with their interests as 'Wahhabi'. If they can stoke Sunni-Wahhabi or Sufi-Wahhabi debates and conflicts, it will undoubtedly disrupt and impede Islamic dawah, educational expansion, protests against obscenity and narcotics, and the rise of scholars or Islamists in governance. They essentially view the first tier of Sufis as representative of Sufi Islam, recognizing that the second tier can produce figures like Shah Waliullah, Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi, Titu Mir, and Haji Shariatullah, whose empowerment does not serve Western interests. They believe that the rise of the first tier of Sufis can uproot terrorism from the Muslim psyche, protecting the world from terrorism, fundamentalism, and religious conflict while ensuring peaceful coexistence. Furthermore, they believe its establishment can bring the world's two major religions, Christianity and Islam, incredibly close. In reality, both the first tier of Sufis and Western leaders believe that the second tier of Sufis are 'actual Wahhabis' or 'disguised Wahhabis', knowing their interests are unsafe in their hands. However, they are conscious of the influence of the second tier of Sufis in Muslim nations. Therefore, under the banner of 'Sufi Islam' and under the leadership and influence of the first tier, they are encouraging both tiers of Sufis to unite and speak out against the 'Wahhabis'. They imply that those demanding the establishment of an Islamic society, state, judiciary, and financial system are merely agents of the shrine-destroying Saudi Wahhabis. They warn that if these groups gain power, they too will destroy spiritual masters and tombs, urging unity to resist them. It is certain that ordinary Muslims, scholars, and spiritual masters will be influenced by this propaganda. Furthermore, they believe that by expanding Wahhabi-Sunni debates and strife under this pretext, it will be possible to prevent Muslims from uniting against imperialism, aggression, or in favor of propagating Islamic values. In essence, just as the name 'Islam' has been heavily misused to commit anti-Islamic acts, the word 'Sufi' has similarly faced widespread misuse. Many un-Islamic acts have occurred under the names of Tasawwuf, Sufi, pir, dervish, and wali. However, reviewing the lives and works of universally recognized Sufi ascetics reveals that they were all highly conscious of society, state, and politics, playing an immeasurable role in social transformation. Almost all Sufi orders trace their lineages back to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (R.A.) and Ali (R.A.), who were pioneers of the Muslim Ummah in fighting against those refusing Zakat, apostates, and religious deviants. Hasan al-Basri, Ibrahim ibn Adham, Junayd al-Baghdadi, Abdul Qadir Jilani, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, Mujaddid-i Alf-i Thani, Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi, Imdadullah Muhajir Makki, Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, Abu Bakr Siddique Furfuravi (Rahimahumullah), and all other celebrated Sufi saints spoke regarding society, state, and politics alongside self-purification and spirituality; they protested against the injustices of rulers, faced imprisonment, or attained martyrdom. Their methodology differed from modern political activities in that they sought to reform those in power rather than seeking power for themselves. They did not strive for political authority; instead, they counseled rulers, protested against wrongs, encouraged righteousness, offered cooperation, raised public awareness, participated in national resistance against imperialism, colonial rule, and hegemony, and supported or encouraged any individual or party they deemed relatively better. Their methodology differed from modern 'terrorist' activities or extremism in that they protested against injustice but refrained from taking punitive action or applying force themselves. They protested and advised, encouraging those in authority and others to suppress and control injustice, but they never used force themselves in the name of suppressing evil, did not violate the law, did not take the law into their own hands, and vehemently opposed breaking the law. Thus, we see that genuine Sufis were never detached from society or politics. There is no historical basis for characterizing 'Sufi Islam' as detached from society, state, and the world, or for framing all reform movements as 'Wahhabi'. Alleged 'Islamic terrorism' or militancy is rumored to be led by Saudi-born figures like Osama bin Laden. It is claimed that various individuals and organizations in Saudi Arabia finance them. In the subcontinent, the involvement of a few individuals educated in Ahle Hadith and Deobandi-style Qawmi madrasas is occasionally reported. Furthermore, opposition to graves and shrines is observable among them. Consequently, many researchers believe the expansion of Wahhabi doctrine causes the rise of contemporary terrorism. However, it is notable that Osama bin Laden's movement originated through opposition to the Saudi-Wahhabi state. His followers oppose the monarchy there, the presence of US troops, and corruption, continuing destructive activities against the Saudi state and its citizens. Additionally, all Saudi scholars, including descendants of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, are highly vocal against bin Laden's movement and activities. Above all, labeling reform or resistance movements in various countries as 'Wahhabi' lacks any foundation. In reality, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and his ideology received disproportionate importance and status due to the propaganda of the Ottoman Caliphate and the opportunism of the British government. The Wahhabi movement was fundamentally a regional issue—a mixture of good and bad, much like the reformist, resistance, and religiously centered socio-political movements in other Muslim countries. Muslims in other countries developed similar movements based on their environments and needs. Since the Wahhabis and Muslims of other nations drew their viewpoints from the identical sources—namely the Quran, Hadith, Islamic jurisprudence, and Islamic history—it is completely natural for similarities to exist in their views and actions. There is no reason to attribute all credit to Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Bin Laden's ideology expanded in Afghanistan and Iraq, yet both nations are intensely anti-Wahhabi. The majority of the Muslim population in Afghanistan strictly adheres to the Hanafi Madhhab, is devoted to spiritual masters, and opposes Wahhabis. In Iraq, during the lengthy regime of Saddam Hussein, Wahhabi or any other reformist scholars and ideologies were harshly eradicated; stringency was avoided exclusively regarding Sufis. Despite this, the expansion of militancy in these two nations indicates that the causes of terrorism lie elsewhere. We have previously observed that labeling an entire race, religion, or tribe as the cause or driving force behind 'terrorism' is incorrect, blocking the path to eradicating terrorism, as an entire community cannot be collectively judged. The primary hazard of blaming terrorism on 'Wahhabi doctrine' is losing the path to a solution. Linking terrorism to Saudi Wahhabis is difficult because terrorism is directed against them, and no one in any other country accepts the label of being a Wahhabi; rather, almost every religious group is labeled 'Wahhabi' by its opponents. Each group claims they formed their views and factions directly based on the Quran, Hadith, Fiqh, and preceding Imams, denying adherence to any unique views of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. Even the scholars of Saudi Arabia never accept the designation of being Wahhabis; they view Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab as a reformer and claim and prove that all his views were derived from the Quran, Sunnah, and preceding Imams.}} In his book ''Proshnottore Romjan o Eid'' (Ramadan and Eid in Q&A), Nurul Islam notes: {{quote|(Among the actions that nullify one's faith is...) separating religion from state affairs, and asserting that there is no politics in Islam. Such conceptions and remarks falsify the life-ideals of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).}} In his book ''Somaj Songoskare Sothik Akidar Gurutto'' (The Importance of Correct Creed in Social Reform), Manzur Elahi discusses "The Necessity of Social Reform and the Role and Importance of Correct Islamic [[Aqidah]] (Creed)": {{quote|Human beings live in societies to fulfill all the needs of personal life. The primary goal of forming any society is ensuring the overall welfare and peaceful coexistence of all its members. However, illiteracy, miseducation, and selfishness in individual lives exert a heavy negative impact on social life, corrupting and poisoning society with ailments such as corruption, discrimination, division, and conflict. It is then that a massive necessity for social reform emerges, as we experience in our contemporary social context. Analyzing the current societal situation, we observe that the knowledge of correct creed is virtually non-existent among the people of this problem-ridden, corrupt, and decaying society. The inevitable consequence of this is disunity in creed and the adoption of whatever creed one desires based on personal whims, regardless of its validity from the Quran and Sunnah. Conversely, people's faith (Iman) has grown incredibly weak, piety (Taqwa) has departed from hearts, and they have forgotten the punishments of the Hereafter. Consequently, society experiences unrest, instability, a tendency toward plunder, the expansion of various forms of terrorism, and cultural degradation, among many other issues. In the Seerah of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), we observe that he transformed the Jahili (ignorant) society of the time, turning it into the finest society of that era. The primary mechanism of the movement he initiated after receiving prophethood to bring positive change to individual and social life was creedal reform. Regarding this, Sayyid Qutb writes in his book ''Muqawamat al-Tasawwur al-Islami'' (The Foundations of Islamic Governance/Conception): "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was sent at a time when the Arabian Peninsula was divided as plundered wealth between the Romans in the north and the Persians in the south. They had extended their hands over the fertile lands, seacoasts, wealth, and all trade sources of the Arabian Peninsula. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was sent at a time when the prevailing social and economic conditions heavily represented the era of slavery. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was sent at a time when human character flowed in the patterns of Jahiliyyah regarding wine, adultery, gambling, amusement, evil, and creating chaos. The Prophet (ﷺ) did not begin his reform work with any of these. He was fully capable of calling the Arabs toward nationalist unity to expel the Romans and Persians from the fertile lands of Arabia. He could have channeled all military strength against them and incited the Arabs against national enemies; consequently, they would have submitted to his leadership and forgotten all their envy and malice... But Allah knew, and He informed and directed His Prophet, that this was not the correct path and this was not the primary task. The primary task is for mankind to know their true Lord and submit to His servitude alone, freeing themselves from the servitude of His servants, and ultimately accepting whatever comes to them from Allah..." ...Remarkably, during the 13 years of the Makkan life following his prophethood, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) placed the utmost importance on propagating knowledge of the creed. Not only the Prophet (ﷺ), but the initial task of all Prophets and Messengers was calling all levels of society toward the correct creed. In the language of the Al-Quran, their call was: "O my people, worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him" [Surah Al-A'raf: 59]. The sole reason for this was that if the creed is not corrected, individual life cannot be rectified, and if the individual is not rectified, society cannot be corrected. ...(1) The role of correct creed in establishing greater national unity: Just as establishing greater unity is impossible without agreeing on a correct creed, it is similarly a distant prospect for the global Muslim Ummah to unite. In this context, Dr. Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar states: "Muslim unity cannot be realized until the identical creed unites the Muslims." In truth, creedal deviations sow the seeds of disunity in society, dividing it into various factions and sects. If the question arises that since everyone considers their own creed and belief to be correct, it will be impossible to agree on a specific creed as correct because each faction trusts its own view—Dr. Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar responds to this question: "Clear statements exist in the Quran and Sunnah regarding the pure Islamic creed. It is possible to present evidence for every foundational and minor aspect of this creed. The Pious Predecessors (Salaf al-Salih) were established upon the true Islamic creed. They recorded this creed so thoroughly that it stands completely distinct from the creeds of factional and deviant people. Among these great personalities is Allamah al-Tahawi, who authored a text on creed that became famous under his name (Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah). A commentary on this book was written by Muhammad ibn Abi al-Izz al-Hanafi. The matter did not stop there; rather, numerous scholars wrote on the correct creed before and after him, including Imam Ahmad, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Shawkani, and Al-Safarini, among others." (2) Correct creed forms a solid foundation for constructing a civil society free from corruption, robbery, oppression, and tyranny, based upon which all societal activities and mutual transactions are conducted. Therefore, if the creed is corrupted, deviant, and built upon falsehood, social life will become imperiled, disrupted, and face destruction. This is essentially the reason why our society has arrived at its current position. Consequently, to protect society from deviation, disruption, and ruin, we must return to the correct creed. (3) The importance of correct creed in ensuring peaceful coexistence in society: It is an inseparable part of a Muslim's creed that he considers it imperative to govern his life according to the commands of Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ), believing that disobeying their commands is unlawful. Allah states: "It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, that they should [thereafter] have any choice about their affair" [Surah Al-Ahzab: 36]. To ensure peaceful coexistence in society, when Allah the Almighty designates Muslims as brothers to one another, identifies attacking a person's life and property as a severe offense, and commands the fulfillment of covenants made with all non-Muslim treaty partners, the Muslim accepts these directives without hesitation, because such acceptance is part of his creed. Allah states: "But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full, willing] submission" [Surah An-Nisa: 65]. (4) The importance of correct creed in bringing political stability: An essential, fundamental aspect of the Islamic creed is maintaining firm faith that just as Allah is the Creator of this universe, He alone is the master of its governance, authority, and command. Allah states: "Unquestionably, His is the creation and the command" [Surah Al-A'raf: 54]. "Say, 'Indeed, the matter belongs entirely to Allah'" [Surah Ali 'Imran: 154]. "The command is for none but Allah" [Surah Al-An'am: 57]. Additionally, Allah is the owner of all sovereign power and the sole Legislator and Lawgiver. This is one of the core meanings of accepting Him as Lord (Rab). Political stability can return to our society only when political leaders possess firm conviction in this creed. Fundamentally, peace, order, and stability cannot come to any Muslim society through man-made laws; reality itself is perhaps the greatest proof and witness to this. (5) The importance of correct creed in preventing cultural degradation: Imitating foreign, alien, and different religions under the guise of culture in our Bangladeshi society today can comfortably be labeled as cultural degradation without any exaggeration. This is because these practices neither represent our national thought and heritage, nor do they align with the Muslim creed, heavily conflicting with it instead. It must be remembered that our country is a Muslim-majority nation. Therefore, if we organize all our cultural and social functions in the light of the correct Islamic creed, only then can the country be gifted a beautiful, tasteful, modest, and healthy culture. (6) The importance of correct creed in freeing society from intellectual anarchy, deviation, Shirk, and Bid'ah: Knowledge of the correct Islamic creed alone can illuminate the intellectual world of the intelligentsia, enabling them to guide the nation toward the path of truth. The anarchy and confusion we observe in the thoughts of a class of intellectuals today, and the literary warfare they wage against Islam despite bearing Muslim names, stems primarily from the fact that they have acquired a distorted knowledge of Islam and have not been blessed with attaining the correct Islamic creed. The same applies to those educated and uneducated Muslims who remain immersed in Shirk and Bid'ah while considering them acts of worship. They have not acquired the definitions of Shirk and Bid'ah in the light of the Quran and Sunnah, remaining completely negligent of the core principles for identifying them. Increasing awareness alongside acquiring knowledge of the correct creed can guarantee freeing everyone in society from these deviations, Shirk, and Bid'ah. Therefore, acquiring knowledge of the Sahih (authentic) Islamic creed is the sole method for developing oneself as a true mu'min (believer) and Muslim servant of Allah. Similarly, if one desires to build a society into a complete Islamic society, there is no alternative to enriching everyone in society with the knowledge of the authentic creed. In this regard, social and cultural Islamic organizations must bear a heavy responsibility. Those proficient in Islamic Sharia and Studies can remove the scarcity of books written in the Bengali language by composing authoritative texts on the authentic creed. The assistance of mosque Imams, Khatibs, and madrasa teachers can also be utilized for this purpose. However, prior to that, they must enrich themselves with the knowledge of the authentic creed. Through efforts to expand the authentic creed, our society can develop into a beautiful, civil society free from Shirk and Bid'ah.}} Regarding the relationship between state politics and bank interest from an Islamic perspective, Mushtaq Ahmed Karimi writes: {{quote|Banks and similar institutions were established purely out of money-worship, monopoly in trade, seeking privileges, and financial exploitation. The purpose of these institutions is to allure the public with interest to bring as much of the nation's wealth as possible under their control, and through this method, run their own authority and governance over the entire nation with extreme cunningness. They can induce famine wherever they wish, and bring destruction by creating starvation wherever they desire. They can apply governance and politics of their own choice wherever they want. They can cause inflation whenever they wish, and spread widespread market depression whenever they want by increasing the value of currency. Deposing whomever they wish from the throne and crowning whomever they desire becomes remarkably easy.}} In his book ''Muharrarun fee Siyasatin Shar'iyah'', Fahad bin Salih al-Ajlan states that the ruling on participating in Islamic politics is that if an individual, after maintaining his personal faith securely, possesses the additional capability to enact political reform to the best of his ability, it is encouraged; otherwise, participating in it is considered prohibited (Haram). Reform must be applied to issues that already existed and where opportunities for reform and public welfare (Maslahah) exist; however, no new prohibitions or innovations (Bid'ah) may be created in the name of public welfare. Furthermore, one must not participate in frameworks that are entirely prohibited, such as usury (riba) or narcotics production. He advises performing [[Istikhara]] for making Islamic political decisions whose solutions are not explicitly found in the Quran and Hadith (i.e., matters of Maslahah). [[Tahir ibn Husayn]] advised his son [[Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani]] after the latter became the governor of [[Diyar Rabi'a]]: {{Quote|Whenever an important matter comes upon you, perform Istikhara to Allah, fear Him, and seek His assistance... and perform Istikhara abundantly in all your affairs.}} === Mutual duties and responsibilities of the ruler and the ruled === ;Duties of the person appointed to governance When mentioning the mandatory duties a ruler must fulfill, Imam Al-Mawardi confined them to ten foundational responsibilities: # Safeguarding the religion by preserving the fundamental principles upon which the pristine predecessors (Salaf) of the Ummah agreed. # Executing judgments and settling disputes between contending parties. # Ensuring public safety and protecting the populace from aggression. # Implementing prescribed Sharia punishments (Hudud). # Fortifying and guarding the borders. # Waging Jihad against those who refuse to accept Islam after dawah has been conveyed to them. # Collecting public revenues (Fay) and charities (Sadaqah). # Determining allowances and expenditures from the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal). # Appointing trustworthy and sincere individuals to administrative offices. # Personally supervising state affairs and looking after the welfare of the subjects. ;Rights of the person appointed to governance The ruler possesses specific rights over the subjects, the most vital of which are: # Obedience to the ruler in righteous matters. # Supplicating (making Du'a) for the ruler. # Offering sincere counsel (Nasihah) and well-wishing to the ruler. # Providing assistance to the ruler in performing good deeds. == History == === Early Era === {{Main|Early history of Islam|Early Muslim conquests|Historicity of the Quran|Historicity of Muhammad}} The origins of Islam as a political movement are found in the life and times of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and his successors. In 622 CE, in recognition of his claim to prophethood, Muhammad was invited to rule the city of [[Medina]]. At the time, the city was dominated by the local Arab tribes of [[Banū Aws|Aws]] and [[Banū Khazraj|Khazraj]], who were locked in continuous conflict. The inhabitants of Medina saw in Muhammad an impartial outsider who could resolve the conflict. Muhammad and his followers thus migrated to Medina, where Muhammad drafted the [[Constitution of Medina]]. This document made [[Muhammad]] the ruler and recognized him as the prophet of [[Allah]]. During his reign, Muhammad established laws based on the [[Quran]] and his own actions, which Muslims consider to be ''[[Sharia]]'' or Islamic law, and which modern-day Islamic movements are attempting to establish. Muhammad acquired a wide following and army, and through a combination of diplomacy and military conquests, his rule [[Spread of Islam|expanded]] first to the city of [[Mecca]] and then throughout the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. Today, many majority [[Islamism|Islamist]] or [[List of Islamic democratic political parties|Islamic democratic parties]] exist in almost every democratic state with a Muslim majority. Many [[jihadist Islamic groups]] are also operating in various parts of the world. Additionally, some [[Non-Muslim|non-Muslim]] individuals and institutions have coined the controversial term "Islamic fundamentalism" to describe the political and religious philosophy of certain militant Islamic groups. Both of these terms ([[Islamic democracy]] and [[Islamic fundamentalism]]) represent a vast group of distinct factions and sub-factions with separate histories, ideologies, and perspectives. ==== Islamic State of Medina ==== {{See also|Islamic political framework}} The Islamic prophet Muhammad drafted the Constitution of Medina. It codified a formal agreement between Muhammad and all of the significant tribes and families of Yathrib (later known as Medina), which included Muslims, Jews, Christians<ref>R. B. Serjeant, "Sunnah Jāmi'ah, pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrīm of Yathrib: analysis and translation of the documents comprised in the so-called 'Constitution of Medina'", ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' (1978), 41: 1-42, [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> and pagans.<ref>See: * Reuven Firestone, ''Jihād: the origin of holy war in Islam'' (1999) p. 118; * "Muhammad", ''Encyclopedia of Islam Online''</ref><ref>Watt, William Montgomery. ''Muhammad at Medina''</ref><ref>R. B. Serjeant. "The Constitution of Medina." ''Islamic Quarterly'' 8 (1964) p.4.</ref> This constitution formed the basis of the first Islamic state. This document was written in an overt effort to bring a hopeful end to the bitter inter-tribal fighting between the Aws and Khazraj tribes of Medina. By outlining the rights and duties of the Muslim, Jewish, Christian, and pagan communities of Medina, it brought them under a single community known as the [[Ummah]].<ref>Serjeant (1978), page 4.</ref> Although the exact date of the composition of the Constitution of Medina remains debated, scholars generally agree that it was written shortly after the Hijra (622). {{#tag:ref|W. M. Watt argues that the initial agreement took place shortly after the Hijra and the document was revised at a later date, specifically after the Battle of Badr (AH [Anno Hegirae] 2, = 624 CE).<ref>Watt, William Montgomery. ''Muhammad at Medina''. pp. 227-228</ref>|group=Note}} {{#tag:ref|R. B. Serjeant argues that the constitution is actually eight different treaties that can be dated according to the events that took place in Medina, with the first treaty being written immediately after Muhammad's arrival. <ref>R. B. Serjeant. "The Sunnah Jāmi'ah, Pacts with the Yathrib Jews, and the Tahrīm of Yathrib: Analysis and Translation of the Documents Comprised in the So-Called 'Constitution of Medina'." ''The Life of Muhammad: The Formation of the Classical Islamic World'': Vol. IV. Ed. Uri Rubin. Brookfield: Ashgate, 1998, p. 151</ref> <ref>See the same article in ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' 41 (1978): 18 ff. See also Caetani. ''Annali dell'Islam, Vol. I''. Milano: Hoepli, 1905, p. 393.</ref> |group=Note}} {{#tag:ref|Julius Wellhausen argues that the document is a single treaty agreed upon shortly after the Hijra, and it belongs to the first year of Muhammad's residence in Medina before the Battle of Badr in 2/624. Wellhausen bases this judgment on three considerations: first, Muhammad is very different regarding his own position, he accepts pagan tribes within the Ummah, and maintains Jewish groups as clients of the Ansar.|group=Note}} {{#tag:ref|Moshe Gil, a skeptic of Islamic history, argues that it was written within five months of Muhammad's arrival in Medina.<ref>Moshe Gil. "The Constitution of Medina: A Reconsideration." ''Israel Oriental Studies'' 4 (1974): p. 45.</ref>|group=Note}} This effectively established the first Islamic state. The constitution established: the security of the community, religious freedom, the role of Medina as a [[Haram]] or sacred place (banning all forms of violence and weapons), the security of women, stable tribal relations within Medina, a tax system to support the community in times of conflict, boundaries for external political alliances, a system for granting protection to individuals, a judicial system for dispute resolution, and it also regulated the payment of [[Blood money (Islamic law)|blood money]] (payment made to a family or tribe for killing a person instead of the [[Eye for an eye|lex talionis / principle of retaliation]]).{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} ==== Early Caliphate and Political Ideals ==== {{See also|Caliphate|Islamic monarchy|Islamic ethics}} Following the death of Muhammad, his community needed to appoint a new leader, giving rise to the title of [[Caliph]], which means "successor." For this reason, subsequent Islamic empires were known as [[Caliphate]]s. The greatest political development within Islam during the growth of the [[Umayyad]] Empire was the sectarian split between [[Sunni]] and [[Shia]] Muslims; this division was triggered by a dispute over the succession to the caliphate. Sunni Muslims believed that the caliphate should be elective and that any [[Muslim]] could hold this title through merit-based election. On the other hand, the Shia believed that the caliphs should come from among the descendants of the Prophet, and for this reason, in their view, all caliphs besides [[Ali]] were illegitimate usurpers of the caliphate title.<ref>Lewis, Bernard, ''The Middle East : a Brief History of the last 2000 Years,'' Touchstone, (1995), p.139</ref> However, the Sunni community emerged victorious in most parts of the Muslim world, and similarly, the majority of modern Islamic political movements (except for [[Iran]]) are built upon Sunni thought. Muhammad's closest companions, his subsequent four "[[Rashidun|Rightively Guided]]" caliphs, continued the expansion of the state to [[Jerusalem]], [[Ctesiphon]], and [[Damascus]], and sent armies as far as the [[Indus]].<ref>[http://alcor.concordia.ca/~shannon/201Lec02images_files/image004.jpg] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050930020401/http://alcor.concordia.ca/~shannon/201Lec02images_files/image004.jpg |date=September 30, 2005 }}</ref> During the reign of the Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad dynasty, the Islamic empire stretched from Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) to the Punjab region. An important Islamic concept regarding the structure of governance is Shura, i.e., consulting with the people regarding their affairs, which is mentioned as a duty of rulers in two verses of the Quran (3:159 and 42:38).<ref>Lewis, ''The Middle East'', (1995), p.143</ref> According to the Ikhwani perspective, a type of ruler that was not part of the Islamic ideal was a king, who is disparaged in the Quran through the mention of Pharaoh as the "archetype of the unjust and tyrannical ruler" (18:70, 79) and elsewhere (28:34).<ref>Lewis, ''The Middle East'', (1995), p.141</ref> According to the Salafi perspective, the Quran and Hadith validate a righteous kingship after the caliphate as a legitimate Islamic political system, describing it as inferior compared to the caliphate but superior to tyranny.<ref>Narrated from Hudhayfa by Ahmad with a sound chain as stated by al-Zayn in the Musnad (14:163 #18319) and as indicated by al-Haythami (5:188-189):</ref> ===== Election or Direct Appointment ===== {{See also|Islamic democracy|Ahl al-Hall wal-Aqd}} The Muslim jurist of the [[Shafi'i]] school, [[Al-Mawardi]], wrote that the caliph should be from the [[Quraysh]] tribe. The Ash'ari Islamic scholar and [[Maliki]] jurist, [[Al-Baqillani|Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani]], wrote that the leader of Muslims should only be from the majority. The founder of Sunni [[Hanafi]] Fiqh, [[Abu Hanifa|Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man]], wrote that the leader must be from the majority.<ref name=2muslims>[http://www.2muslims.com/directory/Detailed/225505.shtml Process of Choosing the Leader (Caliph) of the Muslims: The Muslim Khilafa: by Gharm Allah Al-Ghamdy] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707062249/http://www.2muslims.com/directory/Detailed/225505.shtml |date=2011-07-07 }}</ref> Western scholar of Islam, [[Fred Donner]],<ref>''The Early Islamic Conquests'' (1981)</ref> argues that the prevalent Arabian custom during the early caliphate era was that upon the death of a leader, prominent figures of a clan or tribe would gather to select a leader from among themselves, though there was no specified procedure for this [[Shura]] or consultative council. Candidates were usually of the same lineage as the deceased leader, but they were not necessarily his sons. Capable individuals who could lead well were prioritized over an ineffective direct successor, as the majority of Sunnis found no basis for the view that the head of state or ruler should be chosen solely on the basis of lineage. ===== ''Majlis ash-Shura'' ===== {{See also|Shura}} The legislature of the [[Caliphate]], most notably of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]], was not democratic in modern terms; the decision-making power was vested in a council composed of notable and trusted companions (Sahaba) of [[Muhammad]] and representatives of various tribes (most of whom were elected or selected individuals from their own tribes).<ref>Sohaib N. Sultan, [http://www.islamonline.net/English/introducingislam/politics/Politics/article04.shtml Forming an Islamic Democracy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041001023746/http://www.islamonline.net/English/introducingislam/politics/Politics/article04.shtml |date=2004-10-01 }}</ref> Traditional Sunni Islamic jurists agree that 'Shura', roughly translated as 'consultation of the people', is a function of the caliphate. The [[Majlis-ash-Shura|Majlis ash-Shura]] advises the caliph. Its importance is established by the following verses of the Quran: <blockquote>{{cite quran|42|38|expand=no|quote=...and who respond to their Lord and establish prayer and whose affair is [determined by] consultation among themselves, [they are beloved by Allah].}}</blockquote> <blockquote>{{cite quran|3|159|expand=no|quote=...and consult them in the matter. Then when you have taken a decision, put your trust in Allah.}}</blockquote> The Majlis is also a means of electing a new caliph. Al-Mawardi wrote that members of the Majlis must meet three conditions: they must be just, have enough knowledge to distinguish between a good caliph and a bad caliph, and possess sufficient wisdom and judgment to select the best caliph. Al-Mawardi further stated that in emergencies when there is no caliphate or Majlis, the people themselves will form a Majlis, select a list of candidates for the caliph, and then the Majlis will select from that list. Some modern interpretations of the role of Majlis ash-Shura include those of Islamist author Sayyid Qutb and Taqiuddin al-Nabhani, the founder of an international political movement dedicated to the revival of the caliphate. In an analysis of the Shura chapter of the Quran, Qutb argues that Islam only demands that the ruler must consult with at least some portion of the ruled (usually the elite) within the general context of God-made laws, which the ruler must execute. Taqiuddin al-Nabhani wrote that Shura is an important part of the "ruling structure" of the Islamic caliphate, "but not one of its pillars," and it can be overlooked without the caliphate's rule becoming un-Islamic. However, these interpretations of Shura (by Qutb and al-Nabhani) are not universally accepted, and Islamic democrats consider Shura to be an integral part and crucial pillar of the Islamic political system.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}} ===== Separation of Powers ===== {{See also|Ulama|Islamic ethics|Islam and secularism}} In the early [[Caliphate|Islamic caliphates]], the position of [[Caliph]] developed as a head of state in the form of a successor to Muhammad's political authority, who, according to [[Sunni Islam|Sunnis]], was ideally elected by the people or their representatives,<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World'' (2004), vol. 1, p. 116-123.</ref> as was the case in the [[Succession to Muhammad|election of Abu Bakr]], the [[Uthman|election of Uthman]], and [[Ali|Ali as caliph]]. Later, during the caliphs of the [[Islamic Golden Age]] after the Rashidun caliphs, the amount of democratic participation was much less; but since in Islam "no one is superior to another except on the basis of piety and virtue", and Muhammad's ideal was to consult with the people, subsequent Islamic rulers frequently consulted with the people regarding their state affairs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Justice Without Frontiers|first=Christopher G.|last=Judge Weeramantry|year=1997|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=90-411-0241-8|pages=135}}</ref> The legislative power of the caliph (or later, the sultan) was always restricted by the scholarly class, namely the 'Ulama', who were regarded as the guardians of Islamic law. Since the law came from the jurists, it prevented the caliph from dictating legal outcomes. The rulings of Sharia were established as authoritative based on the 'Ijma' (consensus) of the jurists, who theoretically acted as representatives of the 'Ummah' (Muslim community). After law colleges (''[[Madrasah|madrasas]]'') became widespread from the 11th and 12th centuries onwards, a student often had to obtain an ''[[Ijazah|ijazat al-tadris wa-al-ifta]]'' ("license to teach and issue legal opinions") in order to give legal verdicts.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Makdisi |first=George |date=April–June 1989 |title=Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=175–182 [175–77] |doi=10.2307/604423|jstor=604423 }}</ref> In many ways, classical Islamic law functioned like constitutional law.<ref name=Feldman2008/> In practice, for hundreds of years after the Rashidun Caliphate and until the 20th century, Islamic states followed a governance system based on the coexistence of sultans and ulama adhering to the rules of Sharia. This system bore some resemblance to certain Western governments, as both had an unwritten constitution (like the UK) and separate, conflicting branches of government (like the US)—ensuring a separation of powers in governance. While in the United States (and some other governance systems) there are three branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—Islamic monarchies had two branches—the sultan and the ulama.<ref name=feldman-fall-6>Feldman, Noah, ''Fall and Rise of the Islamic State'', Princeton University Press, 2008, p.6</ref> According to Professor Olivier Roy, this "de facto separation" between the political power of sultans and emirs and the religious power of the caliph was "created and institutionalized" by the end of the first century of the Hijra. The religious function of the sovereign ruler was to defend the Muslim community against enemies, establish Sharia, and ensure public welfare (''maslaha''). The state was a means to enable Muslims to live as good Muslims, and if the sultan did so, Muslims were obliged to obey him. The symbols of the ruler's legitimacy were the "right to mint coins and to have the Friday prayer (''[[Jumu'ah]] [[Khutbah]]'') delivered in his name."<ref>Roy, Olivier, ''The Failure of Political Islam'' by Olivier Roy, translated by Carol Volk, Harvard University Press, 1994, p.14-15</ref> Sadakat Kadri argues that a vast amount of "deference" was shown by the ulama toward the caliphate, and this was "counterproductive" in at least some cases. "Although jurists identified conditions ranging from mental disability to blindness to disqualify a caliph, no one dared to institutionally define the powers of the caliphate precisely." During the Abbasid Caliphate: <blockquote>When the caliph al-Mutawakkil was killed in 861, jurists retroactively legitimized his assassination with a fatwa. Eight years later, they witnessed the lawful abdication of a successor who had been dragged from a latrine, beaten into unconsciousness, and left in a vault to die. In the mid-10th century, judges solemnly confirmed that blindness was a cause for disqualification for a caliph, making no mention of the fact that they had just been assembled precisely to witness the scene of his eyes being gouged out.<ref name=kadri-120-1>{{cite book|last1=Kadri|first1=Sadakat|title=Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ...|date=2012|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780099523277|pages=120–1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztCRZOhJ10wC&pg=PT127}}</ref> </blockquote> According to Harvard University law professor Noah Feldman, the codification of Sharia by the [[Ottoman Empire]] at the beginning of the 19th century caused jurists and legal scholars to lose their control over Islamic law.<ref name=Feldman-why>{{Cite web|author=Noah Feldman|title=Why Shariah?|work=[[New York Times]]|date=March 16, 2008|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/16/magazine/16Shariah-t.html?ei=5070&em=&en=5c1b8de536ce606f&ex=1205812800&pagewanted=all|accessdate=2008-10-05}}</ref> {{quote|How the scholars lost their exalted status as keepers of the law is a complex story, but it can be summarized by the proverb that partial reform is sometimes worse than no reform at all. In the early 19th century, the Ottoman Empire began an internal reform movement in response to military disasters. The most significant reform was the attempt to codify Shariah. This process of Westernization, unfamiliar to the Islamic legal tradition, aimed to transform Shariah from a body of doctrines and principles to be discovered through the human efforts of scholars into a set of rules that could be looked up in a book. [...] But once the law existed in codified form, the law itself was able to replace the scholars as the source of authority. Codification stripped the scholars of their crucial claim to have the final say over the content of the law and transferred that power to the state.}} ==== Monarchy ==== {{Main|Islamic monarchy}} An Islamic monarchy is a [[monarchy]] that adheres to [[Islam]]. Historically known by various names, such as ''[[Malik|mamlakat]]'' ("kingdom"), caliphate, sultanate, or emirate, contemporary Islamic monarchies include: * [[Bahrain|Kingdom of Bahrain]] * [[Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]] * [[Jordan|Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan]] * [[Kuwait|State of Kuwait]] * [[Malaysia]] * [[Morocco|Kingdom of Morocco]] * [[Oman|Sultanate of Oman]] * [[Qatar|State of Qatar]] * [[Saudi Arabia|Kingdom of Saudi Arabia]] * [[United Arab Emirates]] ==== Obedience and Opposition ==== {{Main|Ulil-Amr|Verse of Obedience}} According to scholar Moojan Momen, "one of the central themes in the Quran which has been subject to much analysis" regarding where responsibility should lie is based on the following verse: <blockquote> "O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those who have been given authority from among you (''Ūlū al-Amr'') " (Quran 4:59). </blockquote> To Sunnis, the ''Ūlū al-Amr'' are the rulers (caliphs and kings), but to Shias, this phrase refers to the Imams.<ref>Momen, Moojan, ''Introduction to Shi'i Islam'', Yale University Press, 1985 p.192</ref> Several scholars of the [[Islamic University of Madinah]], in the book ''Usool al-Eeman'', state that according to the evidence presented from the Quran and Sunnah, obedience to the Imams and rulers is commanded in all matters except for sinful acts, the summary of which is as follows:<ref>[https://d1.islamhouse.com/data/bn/ih_books/single2/bn_The_Foundations_of_Faith_in_the_Light_of_the_Quran_and_the_Sunnah.pdf The Foundations of Faith in the Light of the Quran and the Sunnah, Authors: Several Scholars of Madinah University, Translators: Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria and Manzur-e-Ilahi, Published by: King Fahd Printing Press, Saudi Arabia. p. 383]</ref> # It is obligatory to listen and obey in all circumstances except in matters of sin. # Even if the rulers do not accept advice, one must not rebel against them. # Anyone who advises the rulers and criticizes their actions in a manner supported by Sharia is freed from sin. # It is forbidden to create Fitna (unrest) and chaos, and similarly, it is forbidden to do anything that can cause Fitna or unrest. # Rebellion against those in power is not permitted until such clear Kufr (disbelief) is manifested by them, regarding which there is no disagreement whatsoever about it being Kufr. # It is obligatory to cling to the Jama'ah (community) of Muslims who are guided by the ideals of the Quran and Sunnah in words, actions, and beliefs; one must maintain friendly relations with them, walk in their path, and be eager to keep their word unified on the path of truth and justice. One must not separate from them or create division among them. ===== Principle of Changing a Sinful Ruler ===== {{See also|Kharijite|Baghī (Islam)}} On the question of whether rebellion and opposition against a tyrannical and sinful ruler are permissible, Saleh Al-Munajjid states: "One of the maxims of Islamic Sharia is—'Evil cannot be resisted with a greater evil. Rather, evil must be resisted with that which will eradicate it or reduce it.' Therefore, if those who want to depose a ruler who is involved in clear Kufr have the capability to depose him and replace him with a good and righteous ruler, and if this does not lead to a greater chaos among Muslims or subject them to an evil greater than the evil of this ruler—then there is no bar to it. Conversely, if this rebellion leads to a major chaos, compromises security, or results in innocent people becoming victims of oppression and secret killings... etc., then rebellion will not be permissible. Rather, one must observe patience, obey the good commands of the ruler, advise him, and call him toward doing good. One must try to reduce evil and increase good. This is the straight path; the path that must be followed. Because in this path lies the general welfare for Muslims; the aspect of harm is less and the aspect of benefit is more in this path; and in this path lies the safety of Muslims from even greater evils."<ref>{{cite web |title=Ruling on rebelling against a ruler - Islam Question & Answer |url=https://islamqa.info/bn/answers/9911 |website=islamqa.info |access-date=September 2, 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> In response to queries where the ruler's actions are anti-Islamic, Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria, in his added explanations and annotations to the translation of the book "Laisa Min Manhajis-Salaf" (This is Not the Manhaj of the Salaf) authored by Muhammad Bazmool, states that there could be several scenarios: #. His opposition to Islam has not reached a level that directly plunges him into Kufr. In this situation, as long as they establish and perform prayers, a few things can be done regarding him: ## Praying to Allah for his guidance. This is what the Salaf used to do. ## Presenting the word of truth to him. This was also the Manhaj of some of the Salaf, but the person must be of such a stature whose words the ruler would take into consideration. ## Advising him privately. Here too, the competence of the adviser and the recipient of the advice must be properly observed. ## If that does not work, then waiting for Allah to change his condition. Just as the scholars waited against Al-Hajjaj. #. And if the opposition to Islam reaches a level that directly involves him in Kufr, for which we possess clear proof, then the following two situations can occur: ## The conditions have not been fulfilled and the obstacles have not been removed, then what needs to be done: ### Establish proof regarding Kufr against him. ### Efforts must be made to clear doubts. ### Check whether he has any acceptable excuse or not. ### All the tasks of the aforementioned first scenario must be carried out. # If the fulfillment of conditions and removal of obstacles have been completed and everything related to this has been finalized: ## Attempts should be made to change the ruler. However, several conditions must be met for this: ### The capability for this must exist. The prevailing opinion must lean toward bringing a better administration. It must be ensured that a worse situation will not arise. ## If that is not possible, then, ### The individual will remain engaged in the work of Deen according to their capacity. ### Public-oriented work must be continued. ### The public must be made aware gradually, and then the change must be brought after the prior conditions are met and obstacles are removed. ### In this way, when Iman and righteous deeds are found among them, Allah's promise will be fulfilled there and He will place His preferred people in power.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bazmool |first1=Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Salim |last2=bin Tofazzal |first2=Habib |last3=Zakaria |first3=Abu Bakr Muhammad |title=This is Not the Manhaj of the Salaf |date=November, 2021 |publisher=Believers Vision |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-984-35-0960-4 |pages=35, 36, 37 |access-date=February 4, 2026}}</ref> On the question of whether the contemporary democratic party positioning can be used as a method of change, Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria, in his added explanations and annotations to the translation of the book "Laisa Min Manhajis-Salaf" (This is Not the Manhaj of the Salaf) authored by Muhammad Bazmool, states: "This matter did not exist previously. In the past era, someone would stand up for change, his followers would prepare for war, people would join him depending on the situation, and he would occupy an area and depose its ruler. In these, the greater part of the Salaf had no participation. Rather, the subsequent major Salaf not only discouraged this but strictly forbade it. Because it has been a proven truth in history that whenever people took to the field against a Muslim ruler, the outcome was not pleasant for Islam and Muslims. And the policy of change is also not applicable democratically because it causes division and factionalism among Muslims, makes the halal haram and haram halal in the name of moderation, truncates the Deen, creates love and animosity for something other than Islam, and increases infighting and conflict. In this situation, clinging to the policy of the Salaf as-Salihin is best, which is to protect oneself from all party banners, platforms, and alliances. Regarding this, Al-Uthaymeen states that Dawah becomes strong not through groups, but by clinging to the Quran and Sunnah."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bazmool |first1=Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Salim |last2=bin Tofazzal |first2=Habib |last3=Zakaria |first3=Abu Bakr Muhammad |title=This is Not the Manhaj of the Salaf |date=November, 2021 |publisher=Believers Vision |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-984-35-0960-4 |pages=37, 38, 39 |access-date=February 4, 2026}}</ref> According to scholar Bernard Lewis, this Quranic verse has been elaborated in several sayings attributed to Muhammad: <blockquote>But there are also sayings which strictly limit the duty of obedience. Two dictums attributed to the Prophet and universally accepted as authentic are directive. One says, "there is no obedience in sin"; in other words, if the ruler orders something contrary to divine law, not only is there no duty of obedience, but there is a duty of disobedience. This is more than the [[right of revolution]] appearing in Western political thought. It is a duty of revolution, or at least of disobedience and opposition to authority. The other utterance, "do not obey a creature against his Creator," again clearly limits the ruler's authority, whatever form the ruler takes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050501faessay84305/bernard-lewis/freedom-and-justice-in-the-modern-middle-east.html?mode=print |title=Freedom and Justice in the Middle East |access-date=2008-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230195152/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050501faessay84305/bernard-lewis/freedom-and-justice-in-the-modern-middle-east.html?mode=print |archive-date=2007-12-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> However, Ibn Taymiyyah, an important 14th-century scholar of the Hanbali madhhab, says in his 'Tafsir' regarding this verse, "There is no obedience in sin"; meaning, if the ruler's command is contrary to divine law, it should be ignored, but it should not be used as an excuse for revolution, because it will cause the shedding of Muslim blood. According to Ibn Taymiyyah, the saying—'Sixty years under an unjust Imam is better than one night without a Sultan'—is proven by experience.<ref name=Lambton>{{cite book|last1=Lambton|first1=Ann K. S.|title=State and Government in Medieval Islam|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|page=145|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DVvYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&dq=siyasa+ibn+taymiyyah#v=onepage&q=siyasa%20ibn%20taymiyyah&f=false|accessdate=19 September 2015|isbn=9781136605208}}</ref> He believed that the Quranic instruction to "[[Enjoining good and forbidding wrong|enjoin good and forbid wrong]]" (''al-amr bi-l-ma'rūf wa-n-nahy 'ani-l-munkar'', found in {{cite quran|3|104|s=ns}} and {{cite quran|3|110|s=ns}} and other verses) was the duty of every state official holding authority over other Muslims, ranging from the caliph down to "the schoolmaster in charge of evaluating children's handwriting."<ref>Ibn Taymiyya, ''Le traite de droit public d'ibn Taimiya.'' Translated by Henri Laoust. Beirut, 1948, p.12</ref><ref name=kadri-139>{{cite book|last1=Kadri|first1=Sadakat|title=Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ...|date=2012|publisher=macmillan|isbn=9780099523277|page=139|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ztCRZOhJ10wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Heaven+on+Earth:+A+Journey+Through+Shari%27a+Law#v=onepage&q=Heaven%20on%20Earth%3A%20A%20Journey%20Through%20Shari'a%20Law&f=false}}</ref> ==== Sharia and Governance (''Siyasa'') ==== {{Main|Siyasa}} From the late medieval period, Sunni fiqh began to elaborate the doctrine of *Siyasa Shar'iyya*, which literally means governance in accordance with [[Sharia]] and is sometimes referred to as the political dimension of Islamic law. Its goal was to reconcile the practical needs of state governance with Islamic law.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=Bosworth, C.E.|author2=Netton, I.R. |author3=Vogel, F.E.|title=Siyāsa|year=2012|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=2nd|publisher=Brill |editor1=P. Bearman|editor2= Th. Bianquis|editor3= C.E. Bosworth|editor4= E. van Donzel|editor5= W.P. Heinrichs|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1096 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> This doctrine emphasized the religious purpose of political authority and advocated for the pragmatic application of Islamic law necessitated by expediency and utility considerations. It initially emerged in response to difficulties caused by the strict procedural requirements of Islamic law. This law rejected circumstantial evidence and emphasized witness testimony, making it difficult to obtain criminal convictions in 'Qadi' (Sharia judge) operated courts. In response, Islamic jurists allowed greater procedural freedom in limited circumstances, such as trying complaints against state officials in 'Mazalim' courts conducted by the ruler's council and applying 'ta'zir' (discretionary punishments) for minor offenses. However, under the Mamluk Sultanate, non-qadi courts expanded their jurisdiction into commercial and family law, operating parallel to Sharia courts and exempting from certain formalities dictated by fiqh. The subsequent development of this doctrine attempted to resolve this tension between statecraft and jurisprudence. Later, this doctrine has been used to justify legal modifications adopted by the state in the public interest, as long as they were not deemed contrary to Sharia. For example, it was applied by the Ottoman rulers, who enacted a compilation of administrative, criminal, and economic laws known as 'Kanun'.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Yossef Rapoport|title=Political Dimension (Siyāsa Sharʿiyya) of Islamic Law|encyclopedia=The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195134056.001.0001/acref-9780195134056-e-635|editor=Stanley N. Katz|ref=harv}}{{subscription required}}</ref> ==== Shia Tradition ==== In Shia Islam, three attitudes toward rulers have predominated—political cooperation with the ruler, political activism to challenge the ruler, and detachment from politics—"the writings of Shia ulama over the ages" have displayed "all components of these three attitudes."<ref>Momen, Moojan, ''Introduction to Shi'i Islam'', Yale University Press, 1985 p.194</ref> ==== Kharijite Tradition ==== {{Main|Kharijite}} {{See also|Baghī (Islam)}} According to some Muslim authors, extremism within Islam began with the [[Kharijites]] in the 7th century. Primarily from their political positions, they developed radical doctrines that set them apart from both mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims. The Kharijites were particularly notorious for adopting extremism toward [[Takfir]], whereby they declared other Muslims to be disbelievers and therefore deemed them worthy of death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/another-battle-with-islams-true-believers/article20802390/|title=Another battle with Islam's 'true believers'|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/the-balance-of-islam-in-challenging-extremism.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802045255/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/the-balance-of-islam-in-challenging-extremism.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/fruits-of-the-tree-of-extremism|title=Imam Mohamad Jebara: Fruits of the tree of extremism|author=Mohamad Jebara More Mohamad Jebara|work=Ottawa Citizen}}</ref> Scholars often cite a hadith of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (PBUH) regarding the emergence of the Kharijites. {{quote|Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (RA) narrated: Ali (RA) sent some gold covered with dust from Yemen. He distributed that gold among 4 neo-Muslim Arabian leaders. At that time, a man with sunken eyes, high cheekbones, a prominent forehead, and a shaven head, named Dhul-Khuwaisirah, stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah, fear Allah, you have done injustice! He replied, Woe to you! Do I not have the greatest right on earth to fear Allah? If I disobey Allah or do injustice, who else will obey Allah and act justly? Allah deemed me trustworthy regarding the inhabitants of the earth, and you cannot place trust in my trustworthiness! Then the man left. Khalid bin al-Walid (RA) then said, O Messenger of Allah, shall I not execute the man (for committing apostasy and Kufr by expressing distrust toward the Messenger of Allah)? He said, No. Perhaps the man prays. Khalid (RA) said, How many people who pray say with their mouths what is not in their hearts. Then the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, I have not been commanded to search the hearts of people or rip open their bellies. Then he looked at the departing man and said, From the offspring of this man, there will emerge a group of people who will recite the Quran beautifully and movingly, yet the Quran will not go beyond their throats. They will pass through Islam just as an arrow passes through a prey. They will kill the adherents of Islam and leave the adherents of idols and stones alone. If I were to reach them, I would slaughter them as the people of Thamud were slaughtered.|Bukhari As-Sahih 3/1219, 1321, 4/1581, 1714, 5/2281, 6/2540, 2801; Muslim, As-Sahih 2/741-744.}} [[Khondoker Abdullah Jahangir]], in his book *Militancy in the Name of Islam*, quotes the above hadith and states:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jahangir |first1=Khondoker Abdullah |title=2. 2. Kharijite Sect |publisher=HadithBD.com|url=http://www.hadithbd.com/books/link/?id=6896 |website=www.hadithbd.com |access-date=November 12, 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> {{quote|We see the first incidents of extremism and terrorism in Islamic history through the actions of the Kharijite sect. In 35 AH (656 CE), the head of the Islamic state, Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (RA), was brutally martyred by a group of rebels. Among the rebels, there was no one capable of seizing state power or becoming the head of state. They began to pressure the Sahaba in the capital, Medina. At one point, Ali (RA) accepted the responsibility of the caliphate. Commanders and governors of the Muslim state swore allegiance to Ali. However, Mu'awiya (RA), the governor of Syria appointed by Uthman (RA), refused to accept Ali's allegiance. He demanded that the killers of Caliph Uthman must be brought to justice first. Ali (RA) argued that starting the trial of the rebels before uniting to restore state order could increase chaos, so we must unite first. Gradually, the issue escalated into a civil war. Casualties mounted on both sides in the Battle of Siffin. At one point, both sides formed an arbitration council to resolve the issue through discussion. At this stage, several thousand people from among Ali's (RA) followers deserted his side. They are called 'Kharijites', meaning deserters or rebels. They were people of the second generation of Islam, who accepted Islam after the passing of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). Almost all of them were youths. They were highly religious, dedicated, and emotional Muslims. Due to spending the whole night in Tahajjud and the entire day in Dhikr and Quran recitation, they were well known as 'Qurra' or the 'Quran-reciting group'. They demanded that nothing but the law of the Quran and the command of Allah shall rule. Allah's instruction is to fight against the disobedient. Allah said: (وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَىٰ فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّىٰ تَفِيءَ إِلَىٰ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ) "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah." Here, Allah unequivocally instructs that the war against the transgressing group must be continued until they return. Mu'awiya's (RA) faction is the transgressing one, so the war must be continued until they surrender. Stopping the war before surrender or making humans arbitrators in this matter means enacting a law contrary to what Allah has revealed. Besides, Allah said: (إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ) "Legislation is not but for Allah." Therefore, delegating the responsibility of adjudication to humans is a clear violation of the Quran's instruction. Allah also said: (وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ) "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed—then it is those who are the disbelievers." Since Ali and his followers did not continue the war with Mu'awiya according to Allah's revealed law and chose the rule of arbitration, they have become disbelievers. They claimed that Ali (RA), Mu'awiya (RA), and all their followers had become disbelievers by defying the law of the Quran. Therefore, they must repent. When they refused to accept their actions as a crime, they started a war against them. The Kharijites kept quoting various verses of the Quran in favor of their opinion. Abdullah ibn Abbas (RA) and other Sahaba tried to explain to them that the Sahaba, the lifelong companions of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), were the most proficient in understanding the Quran and Hadith. The meaning you have understood of the Quran and Hadith is not correct; rather, the explanation of the Sahaba is correct. Although some people abandoned extremism due to this, the rest claimed their opinion to be the correct one. They considered the Sahaba to be agents, compromisers, accomplices of injustice, etc., and continued their struggle to establish Islam by fighting against them. As the arbitration system failed to settle the dispute between Ali (RA) and Mu'awiya (RA), their claims and propaganda grew stronger. They kept explaining to emotional youths that the truth can never be established through compromise. Therefore, Jihad must be continued according to the instructions of the Quran to establish the Deen. As a result, within a year, their numbers increased from 3–4 thousand to about 25–30 thousand. In 37 AH, only 3–4 thousand people deserted Ali's (RA) faction. Yet, in 38 AH, about 25 thousand soldiers were present in the Kharijite army against Ali's forces in the Battle of Nahrawan. They believed that since Ali (RA) and Mu'awiya (RA) had plunged the Muslim Ummah into godlessness, assassinating them would rescue the nation from this quagmire. For this reason, a man named Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljam struck Ali with a poisoned sword as he was leaving his house before the Fajr prayer on the 21st of the month of Ramadan in 40 AH. After Ali's (RA) martyrdom, when the agitated soldiers severed Abd al-Rahman's hands and feet, he showed no sign of pain; rather, he expressed joy. But when they wanted to cut off his tongue, he expressed great objection and agony. When asked for the reason, he said, I want to die as a martyr while performing the Dhikr of Allah! Praising this assassin, one of their poets, Imran ibn Hittan (84 AH), said: "How great was that righteous, God-fearing man who struck that magnificent blow! By that blow, he sought nothing but the pleasure of the Lord of the Throne. I often remember him and consider him to be the one possessing the greatest reward before Allah." Ali (RA) and other Sahaba felt deep empathy for them due to their dedication and religiosity. They made many attempts to turn them away from the path of extremism. But all attempts failed. They refused to abandon their 'brand' of Islam or their own thoughts and interpretations of Islam. Ali was asked: Are they disbelievers? He said, They are fleeing precisely to escape Kufr. It was said, Then are they hypocrites? He said, Hypocrites remember Allah very little, whereas these people are engaged in the Dhikr of Allah day and night. It was said, Then what are they? He said, They have fallen into the Fitna of misguidance and self-worship, becoming blind and deaf. Their struggle to establish Islam was deeply sincere. In Arabic literature, their poetry is an incomparable treasure of Islamic zeal and jihadist inspiration. Their religiosity and honesty were unparalleled. Calluses had formed on their foreheads due to falling into long prostrations in Nafal prayers day and night. If one passed by their camps, only the sound of Quran recitation would be heard. They would faint weeping upon reading or hearing the Quran. Alongside this, their ferocity and terrorism were horrific. Starting from 37 AH, their terrorism, killings, and wars continued for the next several centuries. Around 64–70 AH, they supported Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr in the war between him and the rulers of the Umayyad dynasty. Because according to them, he was the one who established true Islamic governance. But when he refused to declare Uthman (RA) and Ali (RA) as disbelievers, and moreover praised them, they began to oppose him. Around 99–100 AH, the Umayyad Caliph Umar ibn Abdul Aziz tried to guide them to the right path due to their religiosity and dedication. They agreed with his honesty, justice, and complete adherence to Islam. However, their demand was that Uthman (RA) and Ali (RA) must be declared disbelievers because they provided rulings contrary to Allah's instructions. In addition, Mu'awiya (RA) and subsequent Umayyad rulers must also be declared disbelievers because they abandoned Allah's legislation and governed the country with laws fabricated by rulers. For example, establishing a monarchy, granting the ruler power to use the resources of the treasury arbitrarily, etc. As Umar ibn Abdul Aziz did not accept this demand, peace efforts failed. Despite admitting his own administration to be in accordance with Islam, they stood firm in their decision to continue the war against him. They believed that a Muslim individual turns into a disbeliever upon the violation of Islamic rulings. They conducted wars in groups outside the state leadership to establish 'Islam' or to implement Islamic rulings "completely" according to their conception against such disbelievers. In addition, they kept killing common non-combatant men, women, and children who did not consider Ali a disbeliever.[14] It is noteworthy that the majority of the Sahaba refrained from participating in the political disagreement and war between Ali (RA) and Mu'awiya (RA). The famous Tabi'i Ibn Sirin (110 AH) said, "When the Fitna began, thousands of Sahaba were alive. Not even 100 Sahaba from among them participated in it. Rather, the number of Sahaba participating in it was less than 30." These Sahaba and other Sahaba-Tabi'in morally supported Ali's (RA) actions. They would never agree to call him a sinner or a violator of Islam. The Kharijites used to kill them too, branding them as disbelievers. See a sample! Abdullah, the son of the Sahabi Khabbab ibn al-Aratt, was walking on the road with his wife and family. The Kharijites questioned him about Uthman (RA) and Ali (RA). He commented favorably about them and narrated a hadith about the terrible consequences of terrorism and killing. Then they took him to the riverbank, slaughtered him, and killed his pregnant wife and other women and children. At this time, they sat down to rest at a place. There, a date fell from a date tree, and a Kharijite picked it up and put it in his mouth. Then another said, You consumed someone else's property without paying the price? The man quickly spat out the date. Another Kharijite saw a pig and struck its body with his sword. Immediately his friends protested, saying, This is unjust, you are spreading chaos on Allah's earth in this way and destroying someone else's property! Then they found the non-Muslim owner of the pig, gave him money, and apologized. Thus, they are accepting the leniency of Islam regarding non-Muslims, fearing to violate the right of a servant over a single date, yet they are killing a fellow Muslim by calling him a disbeliever on various pretexts in the name of Islam, and are also killing unarmed women and children.}} Abdullah Jahangir states regarding the primary characteristics of the Kharijites: (1) Considering their own understanding as final in terms of understanding the guidance of Islam or the Quran. Denying the importance of the opinions of the Sahaba in this regard. (2) Though accepting Hadith, denying the importance of the practical actions and methodologies of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) in discussed and disputed matters. (3) Calling a Muslim a disbeliever due to sin. (4) Claiming wholesale validity for killing disbelievers. (5) Denying the Sharia importance of state allegiance. (6) Considering the state a state of Kufr due to the sins of the head of state and state administration. (7) Calling citizens who obey such a head of state disbelievers. (8) Considering taking up arms against such a state of Kufr and its citizens as permissible. (9) Claiming Jihad to be Fard Ayn (individual obligation), the greatest obligation, and a pillar of the Deen. (10) Inflicting punishments in the name of enjoining good and forbidding wrong. (11) Disregarding all scholars who oppose their opinion. === Modern Era === {{Islamism sidebar |expanded=Concepts}} ==== Reaction to European Colonialism ==== During the period of the 19th century, alongside the [[European colonization]] of the Muslim world, the [[French conquest of Algeria]] (1830), the [[Siege of Delhi|fall of the Mughal Empire]] in [[Colonial India|India]] (1857), [[Caucasian War|Russian incursions into the Caucasus]] (1828), and [[The Great Game|Central Asia]] (1830–1895) took place, culminating finally in the [[Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|fall and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire]] in the 20th century (1908–1922). The first Muslim reaction against European colonization was centered around "peasants and religion", not the urban areas. "Charismatic leaders", who were usually members of the "Ulama" or religious communities, called for "Jihad" and formed tribal alliances. To unite the tribes, local customary laws were disregarded and "Sharia" was imposed. Examples include Abdelkader in Algeria, Muhammad Ahmad in Sudan, Imam Shamil in the Caucasus, the Sanusi in Libya and Chad, Mullah-i Lang in Afghanistan, the Akhund of Swat in India, and later Abd el-Krim in Morocco. Despite spectacular victories such as the massacre of the British army in Afghanistan in 1842 and the capture of Khartoum in 1885, all these movements ultimately failed.<ref>Roy, Olivier, ''The Failure of Political Islam'' by Olivier Roy, translated by Carol Volk, Harvard University Press, 1994, p.32</ref> The second Muslim reaction to European occupation later in the century and early 20th century was not violent resistance, but rather the adoption of certain Western political, social, cultural, and technological means. Urban elite members, especially in [[Egypt]], [[Iran]], and [[Turkey]], advocated and practiced "Westernization."<ref name=Feldman/> The failure of political Westernization efforts was, according to some, exemplified by the [[Tanzimat]] reorganizations of the Ottoman rulers. *Sharia* was incorporated into law (known as the [[Mecelle]]) and an elected legislature was established to enact laws. These steps stripped the "*[[Ulama]]*" of their role to "discover" the law, and the previously powerful scholarly class was weakened and shriveled into religious functionaries, while the legislature was suspended within less than a year of its inauguration and was never restored, thereby eliminating the [[Separation of powers|separation of powers]] where the Ulama previously served as a separate "branch" of government. p.71-76</ref> "The paradigm of the executive unchecked by either the Shariah of the scholars or the popular authority of an elected legislature became the dominant paradigm of most of the Sunni Muslim world for much of the twentieth century."<ref name=feldman-fall-79>Feldman, Noah, ''Fall and Rise of the Islamic State'', Princeton University Press, 2008, p.79</ref> ==== Modern Political Ideology of the Islamic State ==== {{See also|Islamism|Islamic state|Islamization|Quietism in Islam}} In addition to the legitimacy provided by medieval scholarly opinion, nostalgia for the days of successful Islamic empires was later uncovered under Western colonialism. This nostalgia has played a major role in the Islamic political ideology of the Islamic state, a state where Islamic law is paramount.<ref>{{citation|title=Liberal Democracy and Political Islam: the Search for Common Ground|last=Benhenda|first=M.|ssrn=1475928}}</ref> The core objective of Islamist political programs is to restructure the governments of existing Muslim states; but the means of doing so vary widely across different movements and contexts. Many democratic Islamist movements, such as Jamaat-e-Islami and the Muslim Brotherhood, have used democratic processes and focused on voting and forming alliances with other political parties. Radical Islamic movements like the Taliban and Al-Qaeda embrace Jihadism or militant Islamic ideology, and they were well known for participating in the anti-Soviet resistance in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Both aforementioned militant Islamic groups played roles in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and framed regional governments and the United States as their "near" and "distant" enemies respectively.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The World Transformed, 1945 to the Present|last=Hunt|first=Michael|publisher=Oxford|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-937102-0|location=New York City|pages=495}}</ref> ==== Compatibility with Democracy ==== {{Main|Islamic democracy}} ===== General Muslim Perspectives ===== * Support for democratic principles, where in most cases it is believed that they are compatible with Islam, which can play a public welfare role under a democratic system, for example, many activists participating in the uprisings of the [[Arab Spring]]; * Support for democratic methods like elections, along with religious and moral objections to certain aspects of Western democracy deemed incompatible with Sharia, for example, Islamic scholars like [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]]; * Rejection of democracy as a Western import and support for traditional Islamic institutions, such as ''[[Shura]]'' (consultative council) and ''[[Ijma]]'' (consensus), for example, supporters of absolute monarchies and fundamentalist Islamic movements; * The belief that for democracy, religion should be restricted to private life, a view held by a minority in the Muslim world. Surveys conducted by Gallup and the Pew Research Center in Muslim-majority countries indicate that most Muslims see no conflict between democratic values and religious principles. They want neither a theocracy nor a secular democracy, but rather a political model where democratic institutions and values can coexist with the values and principles of 'Sharia'.<ref>{{cite book|first1=John L.|last1=Esposito|first2=Natana J.|last2=DeLong-Bas|title=Shariah: What Everyone Needs to Know|url=https://archive.org/details/shariahwhatevery0000espo|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|page=[https://archive.org/details/shariahwhatevery0000espo/page/145 145]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Pew Research Center|title=Most Muslims Want Democracy, Personal Freedoms, and Islam in Political Life|date=July 10, 2012|url=https://www.pewglobal.org/2012/07/10/most-muslims-want-democracy-personal-freedoms-and-islam-in-political-life/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Gallup|title=Majorities See Religion and Democracy as Compatible|date=Oct 3, 2017|author1=Magali Rheault|author2=Dalia Mogahed|url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/28762/majorities-muslims-americans-see-religion-law-compatible.aspx}}</ref> ===== Salafi Perspective ===== [[Salafi]] scholars rule democracy as Haram (forbidden),<ref name=i1>{{cite web |title=Democracy from the perspective of Islam - Islam Question & Answer |url=https://www.islamqa.info/bn/answers/98134 |website=[[IslamQA.info]] |access-date=August 2, 2022 |language=bn |date=January 22, 2015}}</ref> but validate the opportunity to vote and come to power using democracy to establish Islamic governance,<ref name=i2>{{cite web |title=The ruling on democracy and elections and participating in the democratic process - Islam Question & Answer |url=https://islamqa.info/bn/answers/107166/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0 |website=[[IslamQA.info]] |access-date=August 2, 2022 |language=bn}}</ref> and encourage voting to choose the lesser of two evils. Among these scholars are Shaykh [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz]], Shaykh [[Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen]], [[Abdallah al-Ghudayyan]], Abdullah Qu'ud, Abd ar-Razzaq Afifi, and senior scholars of [[Saudi Arabia]]: [[Grand Mufti]] [[Shaykh]] [[Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh|Abdul-Aziz Al ash-Sheikh]], Shaykh Abdul Muhsin al-Abbad, Shaykh Wasiullah Abbas, and the fatwa panel of the most senior scholars of Saudi Arabia, the "[[Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Issuing Fatwas]]", all of whom echoed similar calls encouraging Muslims to vote.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Shoaib |title=Scholstars Urge Western Muslims to Vote: Saudi Arabia |journal=Muslim World Journal |date=May 5, 2015 |url=https://www.muslimworldjournal.com/scholars-urge-western-muslims-to-vote-saudi-arabia/ |access-date=August 2, 2022 |archive-date=October 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010190359/https://www.muslimworldjournal.com/scholars-urge-western-muslims-to-vote-saudi-arabia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fahad bin Salih Ajlan states in his book *Al-Muharrar fee Siyasatush Shar'iyyah* that the election method is legitimate in Islam but not via the conventional democratic system; in it, political candidates must be Muslim and male, and voters must also be Muslim and male; women and non-Muslims can participate in the Shura but cannot vote; the time limit of the head of state's power can also be fixed, though it is not Fard (obligatory), but rather Jaiz (permissible).<ref name=fa/> ===== Islamic Political Theories ===== Muslih and Browers have identified three main perspectives on democracy among prominent Muslim thinkers who have sought to develop modern, distinct Islamic theories of socio-political organization compatible with Islamic values and law:<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Muslih|first1=Muhammad|last2=Browers|first2=Michaelle|title=Democracy|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0185|access-date=November 1, 2020|archive-date=June 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611235451/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0185|url-status=dead}}</ref> * A rejectionist Islamic perspective, expounded by [[Sayyid Qutb]] and [[Abul A'la Maududi]]. * A moderate Islamic view, which emphasizes ''[[Maslaha]]'' (public consideration), ''[[Adl]]'' (justice), and *Shura*. This view is propagated in different ways by [[Hassan al-Turabi]], [[Rachid Ghannouchi]], and [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]]. * A liberal Islamic view influenced by [[Muhammad Abduh]]'s emphasis on the role of reason in understanding religion. It stresses democratic principles based on pluralism and freedom of thought. Authors like [[Fahmi Huwaidi]] and [[Tariq al-Bishri]] have crafted Islamic justifications for full citizenship of non-Muslims in an Islamic state by drawing on early Islamic texts. Others, such as [[Mohammed Arkoun]] and [[Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd]], have justified pluralism and freedom through non-textualist approaches to textual interpretation. [[Abdolkarim Soroush]] has argued for a "religious democracy" based on religious thought that is democratic, tolerant, and just. Islamic liberals argue for the necessity of continuous re-examination of religious understanding, which can only be done within a democratic context. ==== 20th and 21st Centuries ==== {{Main|1973 oil crisis|War in Afghanistan (1978–present)|Arab Cold War|Arab–Iranian conflict|Arab–Israeli conflict|Arab Spring|Arab Winter|War on terror}} {{seealso|Antisemitism in the Arab world|Anti-Zionism|History of Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser|International propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism|Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict|Petro-Islam|Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world|Grand Mosque seizure|Six-Day War|Yom Kippur War|War of Attrition}} Following World War I, the defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, and the subsequent abolition of the caliphate by the founder of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, many Muslims realized that the political power of their religion was declining. There was also concern about the spread of Western ideas and influence across Muslim societies. This led to widespread resentment against the influence of European powers. The Muslim Brotherhood was formed in Egypt as a movement to resist and harass the British. In the 1960s, the dominant ideology in the Arab world was Pan-Arabism, which marginalized religion and encouraged the formation of socialist and secular states based on Arab nationalism rather than Islam (see, for example, Ba'athism and secularism in Turkey). However, governments built upon Arab nationalism faced economic stagnation and chaos. Increasingly, the borders of these states were being seen as artificial colonial creations—which they indeed were, as they were literally drawn on a map by European colonial powers. ==== Contemporary Movements ==== Some common political currents in Islam include: * [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Traditionalist theology (Islam)|traditionalist doctrine]], which accepts traditional commentaries of the Quran, Hadith, and Sunnah, and adopts Taqlid (imitation), i.e., not innovating anything new, as its core principle, following any one of the four madhhabs (Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanafi, Hanbali), and this may also include Sufism. An example of Sufi traditionalism is the Barelvi madhhab in Pakistan.<ref>Olivier Roy, *The Failure of Political Islam*, (1994) pp. 30-31</ref> * [[Islamic fundamentalism|Fundamentalist reformism]] or [[Islamic revival|revivalism]], which criticizes various currents of Islamic theology, Tafsir, popular religious practices like visiting and venerating the shrines and tombs of Muslim saints, and perceived deviations and superstitions; its goal is to return to the founding scriptures of Islam. This fundamentalist reformism usually developed in response to a perceived external threat (for example, Hindu-Islamic relations). 18th-century examples include Shah Waliullah Dehlawi in British India and Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab (the founder of Wahhabism) in the Arabian Peninsula.<ref>Olivier Roy, *Failure of Political Islam*, (1994) p. 31</ref> The Salafi movement, the Deobandi current in India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, and the Tablighi Jamaat in South Asia are modern examples of fundamentalist reformism and revivalism. * [[Islamism]] or [[political Islam]], embracing a return to 'Sharia' or Islamic law, but adopting Western terms like 'revolution', 'ideology', 'politics', and 'democracy', and maintaining a more liberal attitude toward topics like 'Jihad' and 'women's rights'.<ref>Olivier Roy, *The Failure of Political Islam*. (1994) pp. 35-37</ref> Contemporary examples include Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, the Muslim Brotherhood, the Iranian Islamic Revolution, the Masyumi Party, the United Malays National Organisation, the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, and the Justice and Development Party (Turkey). * [[Liberal movements within Islam|Liberal movements under Islam]], usually defining themselves in opposition to Islamic political movements, but frequently adopting many of its anti-imperialist and Islam-inspired liberal reformist elements. ===== Differences Between Sunnis and Shias ===== {{Main|Shia–Sunni relations}} According to scholar Vali Nasr, the political tendencies of Sunni and Shia Islamic ideologies differ. Sunni Islamic revivalism in Pakistan and most parts of the Arab world is not politically revolutionary, whereas Shia political Islam is heavily influenced by Ruhollah Khomeini and his rhetoric regarding the oppression of the poor and class struggle. The roots of Sunni revivalism lie in conservative religious motivations and the market, where religious values merge with commercial interests. ... Khomeini's Islamism engaged the poor and spoke of class struggle. <blockquote>This division between fundamentalism as revivalism and fundamentalism as revolution was deep, and for a long time it closely matched the sectarian division between Sunnis—the traditional 'wealthy' group in the Muslim world, who are more interested in conservative religiosity—and Shias—the long-time outsiders, who are more attracted to 'radical dreams and plots'.<ref>''The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam will shape the future'' by Vali Nasr, Norton, 2006, p.148-9</ref></blockquote> Graham Fuller also notes that he has "not found any mainstream Islamist organization (except [Shia] Iran) that has a revolutionary approach to the social system or radical social views, other than imposing legal judgment."<ref>Fuller, Graham E., ''The Future of Political Islam'', Palgrave MacMillan, (2003), p.26</ref> == Notes == {{reflist|group=Note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == Further reading == * [https://xeroxtree.com/pdf/shoriyoti_rastro_bebostha.pdf Shari'ah State System - Ibn Taymiyyah (Bengali translation of Siyasat al-Shari'ah book)] (PDF) * [https://www.kalamullah.com/Books/Al-Ahkam%20as-Sultaniyyah.pdf Al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah - Al-Mawardi (English translation) (PDF)] * Shari'ah Politics ([https://h1.nu/1vSve Translation of the book Al-Muharrar fee Siyasatush Shar'iyyah (Writings on Shari'ah Politics) (2022) - Original: Fahad bin Salih Al-Ajlan] - Translator: Abdullah Majumdar - 2025 [https://archive.org/download/20240606_20240606_1949/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B1%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%B7%D1%A2.pdf (Original Arabic)] * {{cite book |last1=Bazmool |first1=Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Salim |last2=bin Tofazzal |first2=Habib |last3=Zakaria |first3=Abu Bakar Muhammad |title=This is Not the Manhaj of the Salaf |date=November 2021 |publisher=Believers Vision |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-984-35-0960-4}} * [https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552601 Islam and Politics] from the [https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494 Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives] * [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1475928 Liberal Democracy and Political Islam: The Search for Common Ground] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080216024026/http://www.salafimanhaj.com/pdf/SalafiManhaj_Terrorism_In_KSA.pdf The Ideology of Terrorism and Violence in Saudi Arabia: Origins, Reasons and Solution] * [http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0994/9409021.htm Evaluating the Islamist movement] by Greg Noakes, an American Muslim who works at the ''Washington Report''. * [http://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0695/9506017.htm Muslim scholars face down fanaticism] by [[Aicha Lemsine]], an Algerian journalist and author. * [http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p164001coll21&CISOPTR=195&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 Peter Krogh discusses Islam and politics with John L. Esposito and Mary Jane Deeb] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813071517/http://cdm164001.cdmhost.com/krogh/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fp164001coll21&CISOPTR=195&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 |date=13 August 2011 }} on ''Great Decisions'' (1994). * [https://d1.islamhouse.com/data/bn/ih_articles/single3/bn_somaj_songoskare_sothik_aqidar_gurutto.pdf The Importance of Correct Aqeedah in Social Reform, Author: Mohammad Manzure Elahi, Editor: Abu Bakar Muhammad Zakaria, Published by: Islamic Propagation Office in Rabwah, (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)] * [https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/58.netritter_moh_by_Muhammad_Saleh_Al_-Munajjid.pdf The Desire for Leadership, Original: Saleh Al-Munajjid, Translator: Abdul Malek - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405002813/https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/58.netritter_moh_by_Muhammad_Saleh_Al_-Munajjid.pdf |date=5 April 2023 }} * [https://d1.islamhouse.com/data/bn/ih_articles/single3/bn_netritto_ak_mohan_dayitto.pdf Leadership is a Great Responsibility - Author: Kamal Uddin Molla - Editor: Abu Bakar Muhammad Zakaria] * {{cite book |last1=Zakaria |first1=Dr Abu Bakar Muhammad |title=Ruling on Disobeying Islamic Law |date=1 January 2020 |publisher=Osoul Center |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE.html?id=VyD5DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y|language=ar}} * {{cite book |last1=Baz |first1=Abdul Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn |title=Arab Nationalism in the Light of Islam and Reality |url=https://islamhouse.com/bn/books/364813/ |language=bn}} * [http://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/34.islami_andolone_bijoyer_shorup_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib.pdf The True Nature of Victory in the Islamic Movement - Nasser bin Sulaiman Al-Omar - Translator: Abdul Malek - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911014609/http://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/34.islami_andolone_bijoyer_shorup_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib.pdf |date=11 September 2022 }} * [http://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/shariater_aloke_jamatboddho_prochesta_by_muhammad_abdul_malak.pdf Organized Efforts in the Light of Shari'ah - Abdur Rahman bin Abdul Khaleq - Translator: Abdul Malek - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415163341/https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/shariater_aloke_jamatboddho_prochesta_by_muhammad_abdul_malak.pdf |date=15 April 2023 }} * [https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/67.jamatboddho_jibon_japon_dr.%20hafej_bin_muhammad_al-hakami.pdf The Necessity of an Organized Life in a Community - Hafez bin Muhammad Al-Hakami - Translator: Muhammad Abdur Rahim - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405045610/https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/67.jamatboddho_jibon_japon_dr.%20hafej_bin_muhammad_al-hakami.pdf |date=5 April 2023 }} * [http://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/14.iqamate-din-poth-o-podhoti_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib.pdf Iqamate Deen (Establishing Religion): The Way and Method - Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405002812/http://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/14.iqamate-din-poth-o-podhoti_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib.pdf |date=5 April 2023 }} * [https://archive.org/download/20200422_20200422_0912/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%20%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%CC%E0%A6%A8%20-%20%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8.pdf Establishing Religion Within the Mesh of Misconceptions - Muzaffar Bin Mohsin - Bangladesh Ahlehadeeth Youth Association] * [https://www.hadithbd.com/books/section/?book=50 Militancy in the Name of Islam - Khondoker Abdullah Jahangir - As-Sunnah Publications] * [https://cwibd.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/bn_allahor_pothe_dawat.pdf Calling to the Path of Allah - Khondoker Abdullah Jahangir - Edited by: Abu Bakar Muhammad Zakaria] * [https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/islami_khelafot_o_netritto_nirbachon_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib.pdf Islamic Khilafah and Selecting Leadership - Asadullah Al-Ghalib - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] * [https://library.hadeethfoundationbd.com/books_pdf/03.dawat_o_Jihad_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib.pdf Dawah and Jihad - Asadullah Al-Ghalib - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] * [https://ahlehadeethbd.org/books_pdf/27.jihad_o_qital_by%2520prof.%2520dr.%2520muhammad%2520asadullah%2520al-ghalib.pdf Jihad and Qital - Asadullah Al-Ghalib - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] * [https://library.hadeethfoundationbd.com/books_pdf/18.tinti_motobad_by_prof._dr._muhammad_asadullah_al-ghalib_HFB.pdf Three Ideologies - Asadullah Al-Ghalib - Hadith Foundation Bangladesh] * [https://archive.org/download/20200417_20200417_0801/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%85%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%Validity%20%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%20-%20%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9得意%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%20%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AB.pdf Who is the Most Gainer - Abdur Razzaq bin Yousuf - Al-Markazul Islami As-Salafi - December 2011] * {{cite book|url=https://h1.nu/1qucx |last1=Salam |first1=Akramuzzaman bin Abdus |title=Extremism, Militancy and Terrorism in the View of Islam |date=2022|publisher=Ihya-us Sunnah Foundation| isbn=978-984-99665-5-5 |location=Dhaka}} * {{cite book |last1=Saifullah |first1=Muhammad |title=Terrorism, Militancy and Extremism: Islamic Perspective (Collection of Essays) |date=November 2016|publisher=International Islamic Institute for Education and Research |location=Dhaka|url=https://h1.nu/1vSwf}} [[Category:Politics]] [[Category:Islam]] [[Category:Islam and politics]] {{politics-stub}} [[Category:Politics]] [[Category:Islam]] rmw8usk9e6093st9kx709tvlgmui6pe 0 1209766 10882398 10462443 2026-06-09T15:35:22Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tory Green''' is an American entrepreneur, investor, and co-founder of io.net. On July 9, 2025, Green urged that the Senate-passed GENIUS Act be approved unchanged, cautioning that merging it with the broader CLARITY Act would jeopardize progress on stablecoin regulation.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-09|title=Blockchain Professional Comments On Whether Crypto Legislation, The GENIUS & CLARITY Acts Should Be Combined {{!}} Crowdfund Insider|url=https://www.crowdfundinsider.com/2025/07/244870-blockchain-professional-comments-on-whether-crypto-legislation-the-genius-clarity-acts-should-be-combined/|access-date=2025-08-05|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Merchant|first=Murtuza J.|title=Inside Trump's Oval Office Crypto Push: Why Did 11 Republicans Suddenly Change Their Vote?|url=https://www.benzinga.com/crypto/cryptocurrency/25/07/46448779/inside-trumps-oval-office-crypto-push-why-did-11-republicans-suddenly-change-their-vote|access-date=2025-08-05|website=Benzinga|language=English}}</ref> == Biography == Green earned a degree in economics from [[Stanford University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abadha|first=Michael|date=2024-08-15|title=io.net Appoints Tory Green as CEO to Accelerate GPU Network Expansion|url=https://www.investingcube.com/cryptocurrency/industry-news/io-net-appoints-tory-green-as-ceo-to-accelerate-gpu-network-expansion/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=InvestingCube|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608145550/https://www.investingcube.com/cryptocurrency/industry-news/io-net-appoints-tory-green-as-ceo-to-accelerate-gpu-network-expansion/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He also studied at the [[United States Military Academy]] at West Point, concentrating on economics and nuclear engineering.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=A conversation with Tory Green, the CEO of io.net|url=https://www.dlnews.com/research/internal/a-conversation-with-tory-green-the-ceo-of-ionet/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=DL News|language=en}}</ref> Green began his career as an analyst at [[Merrill (company)|Merrill Lynch]], where he focused on mergers and acquisitions. He then joined [[The Walt Disney Company]] in a strategic planning role and later worked as a private equity associate at Oaktree Capital Management, evaluating energy-sector investments.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Davidson|first=Alisa|date=2024-08-15|title=Io.net Appoints Tory Green As CEO To Accelerate GPU Network Expansion|url=https://mpost.io/io-net-appoints-tory-green-as-ceo-to-accelerate-gpu-network-expansion/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=Metaverse Post|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Abadha|first=Michael|date=2024-08-15|title=io.net Appoints Tory Green as CEO to Accelerate GPU Network Expansion|url=https://www.investingcube.com/cryptocurrency/industry-news/io-net-appoints-tory-green-as-ceo-to-accelerate-gpu-network-expansion/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=InvestingCube|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608145550/https://www.investingcube.com/cryptocurrency/industry-news/io-net-appoints-tory-green-as-ceo-to-accelerate-gpu-network-expansion/|url-status=dead}}</ref> After that, he served as director of corporate development and strategy at Fox Mobile Group, assessing acquisition and joint-venture opportunities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Io.net {{!}} Decentralized GPU Network {{!}} Crypto Deep Dive - Token Metrics Research|url=https://research.tokenmetrics.com/io-net-decentralized-gpu-network-crypto-deep-dive/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=research.tokenmetrics.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241101194414/https://research.tokenmetrics.com/io-net-decentralized-gpu-network-crypto-deep-dive/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He co-founded The Art of Charm, Inc., a media and marketing company, and was its chief operating officer.<ref name=":0" /> Green subsequently held executive roles at Hum Capital, serving as COO and CFO and helping to develop its AI-powered Intelligent Capital Market platform.<ref name=":1" /> Before co-founding io.net, he was partner and COO at Tiller Partners, managing investment operations in areas such as machine learning, blockchain, and IoT.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The next unicorn may not come from Silicon Valley|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-next-big-unicorn-wont-come-from-silicon-valley-2017-1|access-date=2025-08-05|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === io.net === Green co-founded io.net and,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Redactie|first=Door|date=2024-09-29|title=The Future of AI and the Long-Term Impact on Business and Society|url=https://nl.mashable.com/artificial-intelligence/10410/the-future-of-ai-and-the-long-term-impact-on-business-and-society|access-date=2025-08-05|website=Mashable Benelux|language=nl}}</ref> after serving as COO, was appointed CEO in June 2024<ref name=":1" /> ahead of the IO token launch on Binance Launchpad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=io.net's New CEO Signals Major Push in Decentralized AI Infrastructure {{!}} HackerNoon|url=https://hackernoon.com/ionets-new-ceo-signals-major-push-in-decentralized-ai-infrastructure|access-date=2025-08-05|website=hackernoon.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=io.net Appoints New Leadership to Drive Decentralized AI Infrastructure|url=https://www.ainvest.com/news/io-net-appoints-leadership-drive-decentralized-ai-infrastructure-2504-29/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=Ainvest}}</ref> As CEO, he prioritized expanding the platform’s GPU and CPU supplier network and boosting operational efficiency, growing to about 20,000 cluster-ready [[Graphics processing unit|GPUs]] and over 318,000 GPUs globally by mid-2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=io.net Announces New Leadership Team Under CEO Tory Green to Drive Next Phase of Growth|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/io-net-announces-new-leadership-team-under-ceo-tory-green-to-drive-next-phase-of-growth-1033715411|access-date=2025-08-05|website=markets.businessinsider.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2025, he transitioned to Chairperson of the io.net Foundation.<ref name=":2" /> == References == ryivtr5ofj9omimwz1rmqdqc3t55lts 0 1209821 10883024 10752497 2026-06-10T09:29:04Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 10883024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Contains special characters|Meitei}} [[File:Spaced Out - Panthing Di Kadaaida! (2021 Manipuri Film) Official Poster.jpg|thumb|Official poster for Spaced Out - Panthing Di Kadaaida!]] '''Spaced Out - Panthung Di Kadaaida!''' is a 2021 Indian [[Meitei language]] non-feature narrative fiction movie. It was written, directed, edited, and headlined by Priyakanta Laishram. The film explores the emotional and social impact of [[drug addiction]] through the story of a [[teenage]]r named Panthoi. It was produced by Caroline Laishram under the banner of Priyakanta Productions.<ref>{{Citation|title=Spaced Out - Panthung Di Kadaaida (2021) ⭐ 8.9 {{!}} Drama|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15387654/|language=en-US|access-date=2025-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=KONSAM|first=JALJIT|date=2025-06-28|title=Spaced Out – Panthung Di Kadaaida: A Gritty Exploration of Teen Addiction, Grief, and Lost Time » Imphal Review of Arts and Politics|url=https://imphalreviews.in/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-gritty-exploration-of-teen-addiction-grief-and-lost-time/|access-date=2025-08-05|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> The film received critical praise for its realistic portrayal of substance abuse, its strong female characters, and its emotional storytelling. It gained popularity after being released on [[YouTube]], where it broke records for viewership from [[Northeast India]]. It was released in [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Haryanvi language]]s in [[Punjab, India]] and [[Haryana]] respectively, as well as in the union territory of [[Chandigarh]]. It was the winner of Best Actor award in the 2019 Human Rights and Social Issues Film Festival in [[Tokyo]], Japan.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic">{{Cite web|title=Spaced Out Panthung Di Kadaaida A Brave Take on a Silent Epidemic|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic|access-date=2025-08-05|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse">{{Cite web|date=2022-11-26|title=SPACED OUT – Panthung Di Kadaaida : A meaningful Manipuri flick on teen drug abuse - The Frontier Manipur|url=https://thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse/|access-date=2025-08-05|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> == Plot == The film follows the story of Panthoi Sagolsem, a teenager who slowly becomes addicted to drugs. At first, Panthoi is kind, thoughtful, and loved by his family and friends. He shares close relationships with his best friend Lanchenba, his girlfriend Laaija, and his sister Leima, who silently supports him through his struggles.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> Panthoi’s addiction begins under peer pressure, especially from his friend Ngaanba, and worsens over time. The film shows how substance abuse becomes a regular part of life—rehab stays become common, and promises are repeatedly broken. His family never gives up on him, but there is no quick solution to his condition.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> As Panthoi tries to recover, he finds that much has already changed. Laaija has moved on, and Ngaanba dies from an overdose. Panthoi loses years of education, self-worth, and important relationships. Even during recovery, he carries guilt and regret for the past.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> == Cast == * Panthoi Sagolsem – Played by Priyakanta Laishram<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Laaija – Played by Ithoi Oinam, Panthoi’s former girlfriend<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Leima – Played by Bhani Khamnam, Panthoi’s sister<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Lanchenba – Played by Biswajit Saikia, Panthoi’s friend<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Ngaanba – Played by Sachinker Sagolsem, Panthoi’s peer and influence<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Other cast includes Harendra Laishram, Ramva Leishangthem, and Diana Vaiphei<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> == Themes == The film focuses on addiction, family relationships, guilt, and emotional healing. It avoids moral judgments and shows the real-life impact of drug use on both the addict and their loved ones. It also explores memory, time lost, and the quiet struggles families face behind closed doors.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> The portrayal of female characters is noted for being strong and independent. Laaija, for example, supports Panthoi emotionally during his recovery but chooses to move on with her life. Leima, his sister, stays supportive throughout without many words, showing deep emotional strength.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> == Music == The soundtrack includes:<ref>{{Cite web|title=A deep dive into despair 'Spaced Out - Panthung Di Kadaaida!' confronts substance abuse|url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2024/8/11/Debabrata-YumnamThe-2021-Manipuri-film-SPACED-OUT-Panthung-Di-Kadaaida-is-a-poignant-and-powerful-expl.html|access-date=2025-08-05|website=www.thesangaiexpress.com|language=en}}</ref> * "Maibemma" – Composed by Sorri Senjam; a soft and emotional song<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * "Panthung Di Kadaaida!" – Sung by Priyakanta Laishram; known for its raw and personal tone<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * The background score was created by Whitesand Music, Amal Raj, and Sorri Senjam.<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> == Production == Filming began on 11 May 2019 and was completed in 10 days. The film was originally 30 minutes long and shown at a film festival the same year. Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], additional scenes were delayed and filmed during lockdowns in 2020 and 2021. Final shooting was completed in April 2021, in locations around [[Imphal]] and [[Chandigarh]].<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /><ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> The film was released directly on YouTube on 1 June 2021. It gained over 500,000 views in 48 hours, becoming the first narrative fiction film from Northeast India to achieve this.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> == Awards and recognition == The film has received several awards and nominations: * Best Actor – Priyakanta Laishram (Human Rights and Social Issues Film Festival, Tokyo, 2019)<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /><ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Best Actor in Drama – Priyakanta Laishram (Wave Festival, Delhi, 2020–21)<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /><ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Best Screenplay – Priyakanta Laishram<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /><ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /> * Nominations included Best Supporting Actor (Sachinker Sagolsem), Best Supporting Actress (Bhani Khamnam), and Best Narration<ref name=":movies.Spaced_Out_Panthung_Di_Kadaaida_A_Brave_Take_on_a_Silent_Epidemic" /><ref name=":thefrontiermanipur.com/spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-a-meaningful-manipuri-flick-on-teen-drug-abuse" /><ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> == Social impact == Spaced Out has been praised for showing the drug crisis in [[Manipur]] and other parts of Northeast India. It highlights how addiction can destroy families and lives without relying on dramatic or exaggerated storytelling. The film brings attention to the real experiences of addicts and their families.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> It was shown on 26 June 2025 during the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking in [[Punjab]] and [[Chandigarh]]. The screenings were organized by students from Panjab University ([[Chandigarh]]), Punjabi University ([[Patiala]]), and Khalsa College ([[Amritsar]]), in collaboration with de-addiction centres. The film was subtitled in Punjabi and English for wider accessibility.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> Two regional short films—Dhoosar (Haryanvi) and Gham (Punjabi)—were also screened to raise awareness among youth about drug abuse.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> == Dubbing and expansion == Following the success of the film’s screenings in Punjab, filmmakers Sanyosh Punia and Lakhwinder Singh Brar began work on Punjabi and Haryanvi dubbed versions of Spaced Out. This was to make the story more accessible to local audiences. The filmmakers stated that while the film is based in Manipur, its message is universal.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction">{{Cite web|date=2025-06-30|title=Manipuri film 'Spaced Out' to be dubbed in Punjabi and Haryanvi|url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction-1236978-2025-06-30|access-date=2025-08-05|website=India Today NE|language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab">{{Cite web|last=EastMojo|first=Team|date=2025-06-15|title=Priyakanta Laishram’s Spaced Out movie to be screened in Punjab|url=http://eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=EastMojo|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida">{{Cite web|last=Pothashang|date=2025-06-24|title=Punjab set to host special screening of Manipuri film Spaced Out — Panthung Di Kadaaida! on Anti-Drug Day {{!}} Pothashang News|url=https://pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-on-anti-drug-day/|access-date=2025-08-05|website=Pothashang|language=en-GB|archive-date=2025-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811060752/https://pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida-on-anti-drug-day/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The dubbing process is being carefully done to preserve the film's tone and message. The dubbed versions will be released in selected places, including colleges and [[rehabilitation centre]]s in [[Ludhiana]], [[Amritsar]], [[Jalandhar]], [[Patiala]], [[Bathinda]], [[Moga]], [[Hoshiarpur]], through local networks in the coming months.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> == Reception == Spaced Out – Panthung Di Kadaaida! has been called a powerful, emotional, and unforgettable film. Critics have praised its honest approach, strong performances—especially by Priyakanta Laishram—and realistic portrayal of addiction. The film has become an important part of modern independent cinema from Northeast India and a strong voice in drug abuse awareness.<ref name=":indiatodayne.in/entertainment/story/manipuri-film-spaced-out-dubbed-punjabi-haryanvi-teenage-addiction" /><ref name=":eastmojo.com/free-digest/2025/06/15/priyakanta-laishrams-spaced-out-movie-to-be-screened-in-punjab" /><ref name=":pothashang.in/2025/06/punjab-set-to-host-special-screening-of-manipuri-film-spaced-out-panthung-di-kadaaida" /> == Related pages == * [[Oneness (movie)]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Notelist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Meitei culture]] [[Category:Indian movies]] d2tihjcn6uu3f1fb8wdmqke05dchs6n 0 1216394 10882906 10881864 2026-06-10T03:46:22Z ~2026-34178-23 1819454 /* */ 10882906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=August 2025}}s '''Eugenia León''' (born June 7, 1956) is a Mexican singer. [[File:EugeniaLeon.jpg|thumb]] ==See alsos== *[[Isabel Pantoja]] *[[Yuri (Mexican singer)|Yuri]] *[[Olga Tañón]] *[[Xuxa]] *[[Selena]] *[[Gloria Estefan]] *[[Isabel Sarli]] *[[Bob Corker]] *[[Bill Haslam]] *[[Lamar Alexander]] *[[Gilda (Argentine singer)|Gilda]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:León, Eugenia}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Mexican singers]] {{authority control}} hb6tnstlp2fhtb4xjfzpoccto53v993 10882907 10882906 2026-06-10T03:46:27Z ~2026-34178-23 1819454 /* */ 10882907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=August 2025}} '''Eugenia León''' (born June 7, 1956) is a Mexican singer. [[File:EugeniaLeon.jpg|thumb]] ==See alsos== *[[Isabel Pantoja]] *[[Yuri (Mexican singer)|Yuri]] *[[Olga Tañón]] *[[Xuxa]] *[[Selena]] *[[Gloria Estefan]] *[[Isabel Sarli]] *[[Bob Corker]] *[[Bill Haslam]] *[[Lamar Alexander]] *[[Gilda (Argentine singer)|Gilda]] {{music-stub}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:León, Eugenia}} [[Category:1956 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Mexican singers]] {{authority control}} 7zzz8fvmwcj4wszxb0mzk68y8mzdun0 0 1216462 10882290 10879746 2026-06-09T12:47:31Z ~2026-33992-98 1819064 /* */ indian victory not pakistan victory 10882290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|date=December 2025}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of Hussainiwala | place = [[Hussainiwala]], [[Indian Punjab]], [[India]] | territory = Pakistan captured 207 sq km (80 sq miles) land of Hussainiwala enclave<ref name="aimh">{{Cite web|last=Haider|first=Imran|title=Western theatre of 1971 war|url=https://aimh.gov.pk/western-theatre-1971-war/|website=Army Institute of Military History|page=19}}</ref> | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] | commander1 = {{flagicon|India}} Brig. Pran Anand<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/An_Atlas_of_the_1971_India_Pakistan_War.html?id=m2q6SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh |date=2003 |publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies |pages=87 |language=en}}</ref> <br />{{flagicon|India}} [[Lieutenant Colonel|Lt. Col]] T.S Shastry <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Major (rank)|Maj.]] Kanwalijit Sandhu {{POW}} <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Major (rank)|Maj.]] S.P.S Warraich {{POW}} | commander2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Maj. Gen [[Majeed Malik]]<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Brig. Mohammad Mumtaz Khan<br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Lt. Col [[Ghulam Hussain Chaudhry]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Walayat Khan<br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Habib Ahmed <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Asif Khurshid Afzal | combatant1 = {{flagicon|India}}[[India]] | units1 = {{tree list}} * [[7th Indian Infantry Division|7th Infantry Division]] **35th Infantry Brigade ***[[Punjab Regiment (India)|15th Punjab Regiment]] ***[[49 Air Defence Regiment (India)|49 Air Defence Regiment]] ***[[3rd Cavalry Regiment (India)|3rd Cavalry Regiment]] *[[Border Security Force]] **25th BSF Battalion **31st BSF Battalion {{tree list/end}} | units2 = {{tree list}} * [[11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|11th Infantry Division]] ** [[11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)#Order Of Battle|106th Infantry Brigade]] *** [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)#Current units|3 Punjab]] *** [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)#Current units|9 Punjab]] *** [[Baloch Regiment#Current units|41 Baloch]]<br />'''Support:''' <br /> [[Regiment of Artillery (Pakistan)#Units|171 Field Regiment and 45 Field Regiment Artillery]] {{tree list/end}} | date = 3–4 December 1971 | image = Pakistan army on kaser-e-hind fort.png | caption = Pakistani troops hoist Pakistani flag at Kasr-e-Hind fortress in Hussainiwala area | partof = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | result = Indian victory<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pakistan's Wars: An Alternative History|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Pakistan_s_Wars.html?id=mypsEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=2022-06-09|isbn=978-1-000-59440-9|language=en|first=Tariq|last=Rahman|pages=109–110}}</ref><ref name="aimh"/> | casualties1 = Heavy losses | casualties2 = 148 casualties }} The '''Battle of Hussainiwala''' was fought between India and Pakistan in the Hussainiwala enclave as part of the western front of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. After fierce fighting, Hussainiwala bluge was captured on 4 December 1971 by the 106th Infantry Brigade of the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani Army]], and the defending Indian [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] unit retreated with heavy losses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-09 |title=1971 War: The Battle of Hussainiwala |url=https://indiandefencereview.com/1971-war-the-battle-of-hussainiwala/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribute to Hussainiwala battle heroes |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/tribute-to-hussainiwala-battle-heroes-365353/ |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> == Background == The Indian area of Hussainiwala is located west of the Sutlej along the [[Ferozepur-Lahore highway]]. It covers about 7.5 hectares and runs in a curved shape from the rail and road bridge towards Shamoke in a northwesterly direction. The countryside is mainly near the river and crossed by with protective banks of earth, important among them being the Ullake, the Hockey Spur, the Perimeter and the Guide. All of them run parallel to the river from southwest to northeast and at right angles to the old railway and road banks.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/India_s_Wars_Since_Independence_Defence.html?id=7yFuAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border|last=Singh|first=Sukhwant|date=1980|publisher=Vikas|isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7|pages=140|language=en}}</ref> The importance of this enclave to India is three reasons. Economically, it forms a part of the Hussainiwala headworks send water the Gang Canal system which bring water the dry district of Ganganagar and Karanpur. This role has however been less important now after the construction of the Harike headworks and the Rajasthan feeder. Politically, it is the site of the Shabeed [[Bhagat Singh memorial]]. Militarily, the area affords depth to the headworks and the road-rail bridge in defence and provides a readymade starting point across the Sutlej to support offensive operations in developing a thrust towards [[Kasur District|Kasur]] and [[Lahore]]. In addition, it can also act as a launching pad for a counteroffensive to relieve pressure against formations holding the axes near from Kasur towards [[Amritsar]] and the [[Beas River|Beas]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Order of battle== === Pakistani order of battle === As part of Operation Chengiz Khan, the [[11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|11th Infantry Division]] under Major General [[Majeed Malik]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqi |first=Muhammad Ali |date=2015-02-08 |title=REVIEW: The Battle of Hussainiwala |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1161922 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> would be responsible for activities in the [[Kasur District]], while the 52 Brigade would be deployed to advance into [[Khemkaran]]. The 106 Brigade under the command of Brigadier Mohammad Mumtaz Khan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-12-09 |title=Honouring our brave soldiers |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/150030-honouring-our-brave-soldiers |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> would capture the village of Hussainiwala. The 106 Brigade consisted of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Three Punjab]], [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Nine Punjab]], and the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]]. The [[Regiment of Artillery (Pakistan)|45 Field Regiment Artillery]] would provide artillery support.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Fazal Muqueem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ |title=Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership |date=1973 |publisher=National Book Foundation |isbn=978-0-88386-302-2 |pages=206 |language=en}}</ref> === Indian order of battle === During the engagement, responsibility for the sector rested with the [[7th Infantry Division (India)|7th Infantry Division]] of the Indian Army. Within the division, operations were conducted by the 35th Infantry Brigade, which formed the principal combat grouping in the area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=142}}</ref> The infantry brigade was commanded by Brigadier Pran Anand, a recipient of [[Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shorey |first=Anil |url=http://archive.org/details/legendaryforce1s0000shor |title=A legendary force, 1st Patiala : 300 years of 15 Punjab (Patiala) |date=2005 |publisher=New Delhi : Manas Publications |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-7049-246-7 |pages=160}}</ref> The brigade’s core infantry component was provided by the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15th Punjab Regiment]], supported by the [[49 Air Defence Regiment (India)|49th Air Defence Regiment]] to provide additional support, and the [[3rd Cavalry Regiment (India)|3rd Cavalry Regiment]], which furnished the brigade’s armour and mobile firepower. External support from artillery units were allocated as well.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Chapter IX - (THE PUNJAB AND RAJASTHAN FRONT) |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/archives/OfficialHistory/1971War/1971Chapter09.pdf |journal=Bharat Rakhshak |pages=379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=143}}</ref> To reinforce the defensive layout along the frontier, the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF) was also integrated into the order of battle. In this capacity, the 25th and 31st Battalions of the BSF were placed under command, thereby augmenting the brigade’s infantry strength and contributing to the security of key positions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Fazal Muqueem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ |title=Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership |date=1973 |publisher=National Book Foundation |isbn=978-0-88386-302-2 |pages=206 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/An_Atlas_of_the_1971_India_Pakistan_War.html?id=m2q6SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh |date=2003 |publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies |pages=87 |language=en}}</ref> == Battle == === December 3 === At twilight of 3 December, Pakistani 106 Infantry Brigade (11 Division) attacked with two infantry battalions and a troop of armour. The opening barrage of artillery fire completely surprised the Indian 15 Punjab (35 Brigade), a reinforced two-battalion strength unit tasked to defend the enclave.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Against All Odds: The Pakistan Air Force in the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War|last=Tufail|first=Kaiser|publisher=Helion and Company|year=2020|isbn=978-1913118648|pages=55}}</ref> The whole area was extremely well prepared for defence with pill-boxes, concrete emplacements and bunkers. Anti-tank ditches had also been dug in selected tactical places and mines and barbed-wire had been extensively used.<ref name="Fazal Muqueem"> {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ|title=Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership|last=Khan|first=Fazal Muqueem|date=1973|publisher=National Book Foundation|isbn=978-0-88386-302-2|pages=205|language=en}}</ref> Major General Sukhwant Singh mentioned in his book, India's Wars Since Independence, that the Pakistani operational plan envisaged a three-pronged offensive: the first advancing along the main road axis through the defensive barrier, the second directed southwards towards the bridge at the perimeter-defended locality, and the third launched from the northwestern axis with the objective of overrunning the Border Outposts (BOPs).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Sukhwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er1lvQEACAAJ |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border |date=1981 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |pages=142 |language=en}}</ref> The B Company ([[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Three Punjab]]) ran into minefields planted by the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] during their advance but continued on despite heavy enemy fire and succeeded in occupying the mouth of the main bridge.<ref name="Fazal Muqueem"/> At 6:30 PM, the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]] crossed the Dipalpur Canal, Major Muhammad Hanif. Waves of Pakistani attacks persisted throughout the night, however halting at the [[Bhagat Singh]] Memorial. The Memorial changed hands twice as Major SPS Waraich (Commander of the Indian Barriers at the Memorial) halted the Pakistani advance. Major Ashraf Khan of the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]] had arrived at the Hussainiwala headwaters after crossing the Dipalpur Canal with heavy casualties, as he cut off Indian resistance along the perimeter of the headwaters. The Four Cavalry arrived as armored support for the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]] to diminish and capitulate remaining Indian resistance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Habib |title=The battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: the 1971 war |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-906472-4 |edition=1 |location=Karachi}}</ref> === December 4 === As the morning of the 4 December arrived, the [[Indian Air Force]] provided air support with 24 [[sortie]]s on the positions of the Pakistani soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=144}}</ref> The Hussainiwala bridge sustained damage with four of its spans being destroyed between the two days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Hussainiwala bridge, 47 yrs later |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/new-hussainiwala-bridge-47-yrs-later-636473/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Defence Minister Inaugurates Hussainiwala Bridge Blown Up During 1971 War |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-minister-inaugurates-hussainiwala-bridge-blown-up-during-1971-war-1899416 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613091250/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-minister-inaugurates-hussainiwala-bridge-blown-up-during-1971-war-1899416 |archive-date=2025-06-13 |access-date=2025-08-29 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> By the night of December 4, the resistance offered by the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] was hopeless, as the Pakistanis had secured the Dipalpur Canal and the headwaters, and Hussainiwala was bound to fall. In order to prevent the complete extermination of the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]], Lt. Colonel Shastry retreated from Hussainiwala.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Air Commodore Kaiser Tufail (Retired) |url=http://archive.org/details/against-all-odds-the-pakistan-air-force-in-the-1971-indo-pakistan-war |title=Against All Odds The Pakistan Air Force In The 1971 Indo Pakistan War |date=2020-07-15 |pages=55}}</ref> == Aftermath == [[File:Pakistani troops viewing a sign in Hussainiwala.png|thumb|Pakistani troops viewing a sign referring to a memorial for [[Indian independence activists]] in Hussainiwala.]] Upon the withdrawal of the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] from Hussainiwala,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=147}}</ref> the village fell to the Pakistani Army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/An_Atlas_of_the_1971_India_Pakistan_War.html?id=m2q6SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh |date=2003 |publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies |pages=53 - 54 |language=en}}</ref> The Pakistani Army would withdraw from both Hussainiwala and Kaiser-e-Hind after the end of the war.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saikia |first=Yasmin |date=2017-07-03 |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: The 1971 War |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=123687824&site=eds-live&scope=site |journal=Journal of Military History |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=932–934 |quote=}}</ref> === Casualties === Pakistan suffered from 148 casualties. The Indian figures are uncertain. Pakistan claims Indian losses were much higher, The Indian official history of the war, without quoting any figures, concedes that "disaster fell upon the defending Indian forces".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pakistan's Wars: An Alternative History|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Pakistan_s_Wars.html?id=mypsEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=2022-06-09|isbn=978-1-000-59440-9|language=en|first=Tariq|last=Rahman|pages=110}}</ref> However, two key officers of the battle, Major Warich and Major Sandhu were reportedly announced [[missing in action]], and nobody knows about them till now.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=40 years after war, bridge opens near Hussainiwala border |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/40-years-after-war-bridge-opens-near-hussainiwala-border/articleshow/26872284.cms |access-date=2025-08-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shorey |first=Anil |url=http://archive.org/details/legendaryforce1s0000shor |title=A legendary force, 1st Patiala : 300 years of 15 Punjab (Patiala) |date=2005 |publisher=New Delhi : Manas Publications |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-7049-246-7 |pages=168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=1971 India-Pakistan war: The silent screams of those missing in action |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/1971-india-pakistan-war-the-silent-screams-of-those-missing-in-action-10209291.html |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> === Decorations === [[File:Sitara-e-Juraat.jpg|thumb|Sitara-e-Jurat, awarded to the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]].]] The personnel of the Pakistan Army were awarded 1 [[Hilal-i-Jur'at]], 5 [[Sitara-e-Jurat]], 6 [[Tamgha-i-Jurat]], and 1 [[Imtiazi Sanad]] for their conduct during the Battle of Hussainiwala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala |url=https://www.bolnews.com/newspaper/national-nerve/2022/08/the-battle-of-hussainiwala/ |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=BOL News |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908052630/https://www.bolnews.com/newspaper/national-nerve/2022/08/the-battle-of-hussainiwala/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Refbegin}} :*{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Habib |title=The battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: the 1971 war |date=2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Karachi |isbn=978-0-1990-6472-4 |edition=1.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cmbjoQEACAAJ|access-date= August 28, 2025}} **{{cite book |last1=Rahman |first1=Tariq |title=Pakistan's wars: an alternative history |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York |isbn=9781003254645 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003254645/pakistan-wars-tariq-rahman |access-date=29 August 2025 |chapter=The 1971 War: The Pakistani Experience |doi=10.4324/9781003254645 }} **{{cite journal |last1=Saikia |first1=Yasmin |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: The 1971 War |journal=[[Journal of Military History]] |date=July 1, 2017 |pages=932–934}} (review of Ahmed Habib's book) {{Refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hussainiwala 1971}} h8q2fgd97ck5eszjjvc5nz72aqkph3c 10882304 10882290 2026-06-09T13:33:16Z Ravensfire 121204 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33992-98|~2026-33992-98]] ([[User talk:~2026-33992-98|talk]]). ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{complex|date=December 2025}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of Hussainiwala | place = [[Hussainiwala]], [[Indian Punjab]], [[India]] | territory = Pakistan captured 207 sq km (80 sq miles) land of Hussainiwala enclave<ref name="aimh">{{Cite web|last=Haider|first=Imran|title=Western theatre of 1971 war|url=https://aimh.gov.pk/western-theatre-1971-war/|website=Army Institute of Military History|page=19}}</ref> | combatant2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] | commander1 = {{flagicon|India}} Brig. Pran Anand<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/An_Atlas_of_the_1971_India_Pakistan_War.html?id=m2q6SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh |date=2003 |publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies |pages=87 |language=en}}</ref> <br />{{flagicon|India}} [[Lieutenant Colonel|Lt. Col]] T.S Shastry <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Major (rank)|Maj.]] Kanwalijit Sandhu {{POW}} <br /> {{flagicon|India}} [[Major (rank)|Maj.]] S.P.S Warraich {{POW}} | commander2 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Maj. Gen [[Majeed Malik]]<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} Brig. Mohammad Mumtaz Khan<br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Lt. Col [[Ghulam Hussain Chaudhry]] <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Walayat Khan<br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Habib Ahmed <br /> {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Asif Khurshid Afzal | combatant1 = {{flagicon|India}}[[India]] | units1 = {{tree list}} * [[7th Indian Infantry Division|7th Infantry Division]] **35th Infantry Brigade ***[[Punjab Regiment (India)|15th Punjab Regiment]] ***[[49 Air Defence Regiment (India)|49 Air Defence Regiment]] ***[[3rd Cavalry Regiment (India)|3rd Cavalry Regiment]] *[[Border Security Force]] **25th BSF Battalion **31st BSF Battalion {{tree list/end}} | units2 = {{tree list}} * [[11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|11th Infantry Division]] ** [[11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)#Order Of Battle|106th Infantry Brigade]] *** [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)#Current units|3 Punjab]] *** [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)#Current units|9 Punjab]] *** [[Baloch Regiment#Current units|41 Baloch]]<br />'''Support:''' <br /> [[Regiment of Artillery (Pakistan)#Units|171 Field Regiment and 45 Field Regiment Artillery]] {{tree list/end}} | date = 3–4 December 1971 | image = Pakistan army on kaser-e-hind fort.png | caption = Pakistani troops hoist Pakistani flag at Kasr-e-Hind fortress in Hussainiwala area | partof = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | result = Pakistani victory<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pakistan's Wars: An Alternative History|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Pakistan_s_Wars.html?id=mypsEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=2022-06-09|isbn=978-1-000-59440-9|language=en|first=Tariq|last=Rahman|pages=109–110}}</ref><ref name="aimh"/> | casualties1 = Heavy losses | casualties2 = 148 casualties }} The '''Battle of Hussainiwala''' was fought between India and Pakistan in the Hussainiwala enclave as part of the western front of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. After fierce fighting, Hussainiwala bluge was captured on 4 December 1971 by the 106th Infantry Brigade of the [[Pakistan Army|Pakistani Army]], and the defending Indian [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] unit retreated with heavy losses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-09 |title=1971 War: The Battle of Hussainiwala |url=https://indiandefencereview.com/1971-war-the-battle-of-hussainiwala/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribute to Hussainiwala battle heroes |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/tribute-to-hussainiwala-battle-heroes-365353/ |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> == Background == The Indian area of Hussainiwala is located west of the Sutlej along the [[Ferozepur-Lahore highway]]. It covers about 7.5 hectares and runs in a curved shape from the rail and road bridge towards Shamoke in a northwesterly direction. The countryside is mainly near the river and crossed by with protective banks of earth, important among them being the Ullake, the Hockey Spur, the Perimeter and the Guide. All of them run parallel to the river from southwest to northeast and at right angles to the old railway and road banks.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/India_s_Wars_Since_Independence_Defence.html?id=7yFuAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border|last=Singh|first=Sukhwant|date=1980|publisher=Vikas|isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7|pages=140|language=en}}</ref> The importance of this enclave to India is three reasons. Economically, it forms a part of the Hussainiwala headworks send water the Gang Canal system which bring water the dry district of Ganganagar and Karanpur. This role has however been less important now after the construction of the Harike headworks and the Rajasthan feeder. Politically, it is the site of the Shabeed [[Bhagat Singh memorial]]. Militarily, the area affords depth to the headworks and the road-rail bridge in defence and provides a readymade starting point across the Sutlej to support offensive operations in developing a thrust towards [[Kasur District|Kasur]] and [[Lahore]]. In addition, it can also act as a launching pad for a counteroffensive to relieve pressure against formations holding the axes near from Kasur towards [[Amritsar]] and the [[Beas River|Beas]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Order of battle== === Pakistani order of battle === As part of Operation Chengiz Khan, the [[11th Infantry Division (Pakistan)|11th Infantry Division]] under Major General [[Majeed Malik]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqi |first=Muhammad Ali |date=2015-02-08 |title=REVIEW: The Battle of Hussainiwala |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1161922 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> would be responsible for activities in the [[Kasur District]], while the 52 Brigade would be deployed to advance into [[Khemkaran]]. The 106 Brigade under the command of Brigadier Mohammad Mumtaz Khan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-12-09 |title=Honouring our brave soldiers |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/150030-honouring-our-brave-soldiers |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> would capture the village of Hussainiwala. The 106 Brigade consisted of the [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Three Punjab]], [[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Nine Punjab]], and the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]]. The [[Regiment of Artillery (Pakistan)|45 Field Regiment Artillery]] would provide artillery support.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Fazal Muqueem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ |title=Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership |date=1973 |publisher=National Book Foundation |isbn=978-0-88386-302-2 |pages=206 |language=en}}</ref> === Indian order of battle === During the engagement, responsibility for the sector rested with the [[7th Infantry Division (India)|7th Infantry Division]] of the Indian Army. Within the division, operations were conducted by the 35th Infantry Brigade, which formed the principal combat grouping in the area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=142}}</ref> The infantry brigade was commanded by Brigadier Pran Anand, a recipient of [[Vishisht Seva Medal]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shorey |first=Anil |url=http://archive.org/details/legendaryforce1s0000shor |title=A legendary force, 1st Patiala : 300 years of 15 Punjab (Patiala) |date=2005 |publisher=New Delhi : Manas Publications |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-7049-246-7 |pages=160}}</ref> The brigade’s core infantry component was provided by the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15th Punjab Regiment]], supported by the [[49 Air Defence Regiment (India)|49th Air Defence Regiment]] to provide additional support, and the [[3rd Cavalry Regiment (India)|3rd Cavalry Regiment]], which furnished the brigade’s armour and mobile firepower. External support from artillery units were allocated as well.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Chapter IX - (THE PUNJAB AND RAJASTHAN FRONT) |url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/archives/OfficialHistory/1971War/1971Chapter09.pdf |journal=Bharat Rakhshak |pages=379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=143}}</ref> To reinforce the defensive layout along the frontier, the [[Border Security Force]] (BSF) was also integrated into the order of battle. In this capacity, the 25th and 31st Battalions of the BSF were placed under command, thereby augmenting the brigade’s infantry strength and contributing to the security of key positions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Fazal Muqueem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ |title=Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership |date=1973 |publisher=National Book Foundation |isbn=978-0-88386-302-2 |pages=206 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/An_Atlas_of_the_1971_India_Pakistan_War.html?id=m2q6SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh |date=2003 |publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies |pages=87 |language=en}}</ref> == Battle == === December 3 === At twilight of 3 December, Pakistani 106 Infantry Brigade (11 Division) attacked with two infantry battalions and a troop of armour. The opening barrage of artillery fire completely surprised the Indian 15 Punjab (35 Brigade), a reinforced two-battalion strength unit tasked to defend the enclave.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Against All Odds: The Pakistan Air Force in the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War|last=Tufail|first=Kaiser|publisher=Helion and Company|year=2020|isbn=978-1913118648|pages=55}}</ref> The whole area was extremely well prepared for defence with pill-boxes, concrete emplacements and bunkers. Anti-tank ditches had also been dug in selected tactical places and mines and barbed-wire had been extensively used.<ref name="Fazal Muqueem"> {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qh4NAAAAIAAJ|title=Pakistan's Crisis in Leadership|last=Khan|first=Fazal Muqueem|date=1973|publisher=National Book Foundation|isbn=978-0-88386-302-2|pages=205|language=en}}</ref> Major General Sukhwant Singh mentioned in his book, India's Wars Since Independence, that the Pakistani operational plan envisaged a three-pronged offensive: the first advancing along the main road axis through the defensive barrier, the second directed southwards towards the bridge at the perimeter-defended locality, and the third launched from the northwestern axis with the objective of overrunning the Border Outposts (BOPs).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Sukhwant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er1lvQEACAAJ |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the western border |date=1981 |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |pages=142 |language=en}}</ref> The B Company ([[Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)|Three Punjab]]) ran into minefields planted by the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] during their advance but continued on despite heavy enemy fire and succeeded in occupying the mouth of the main bridge.<ref name="Fazal Muqueem"/> At 6:30 PM, the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]] crossed the Dipalpur Canal, Major Muhammad Hanif. Waves of Pakistani attacks persisted throughout the night, however halting at the [[Bhagat Singh]] Memorial. The Memorial changed hands twice as Major SPS Waraich (Commander of the Indian Barriers at the Memorial) halted the Pakistani advance. Major Ashraf Khan of the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]] had arrived at the Hussainiwala headwaters after crossing the Dipalpur Canal with heavy casualties, as he cut off Indian resistance along the perimeter of the headwaters. The Four Cavalry arrived as armored support for the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]] to diminish and capitulate remaining Indian resistance.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmed |first=Habib |title=The battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: the 1971 war |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-906472-4 |edition=1 |location=Karachi}}</ref> === December 4 === As the morning of the 4 December arrived, the [[Indian Air Force]] provided air support with 24 [[sortie]]s on the positions of the Pakistani soldiers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=144}}</ref> The Hussainiwala bridge sustained damage with four of its spans being destroyed between the two days.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Hussainiwala bridge, 47 yrs later |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/new-hussainiwala-bridge-47-yrs-later-636473/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Defence Minister Inaugurates Hussainiwala Bridge Blown Up During 1971 War |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-minister-inaugurates-hussainiwala-bridge-blown-up-during-1971-war-1899416 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613091250/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/defence-minister-inaugurates-hussainiwala-bridge-blown-up-during-1971-war-1899416 |archive-date=2025-06-13 |access-date=2025-08-29 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> By the night of December 4, the resistance offered by the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] was hopeless, as the Pakistanis had secured the Dipalpur Canal and the headwaters, and Hussainiwala was bound to fall. In order to prevent the complete extermination of the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]], Lt. Colonel Shastry retreated from Hussainiwala.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=147}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Air Commodore Kaiser Tufail (Retired) |url=http://archive.org/details/against-all-odds-the-pakistan-air-force-in-the-1971-indo-pakistan-war |title=Against All Odds The Pakistan Air Force In The 1971 Indo Pakistan War |date=2020-07-15 |pages=55}}</ref> == Aftermath == [[File:Pakistani troops viewing a sign in Hussainiwala.png|thumb|Pakistani troops viewing a sign referring to a memorial for [[Indian independence activists]] in Hussainiwala.]] Upon the withdrawal of the [[Punjab Regiment (India)|15 Punjab]] from Hussainiwala,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sukhwant Singh |url=http://archive.org/details/indiaswarssincei0000sukh |title=India's Wars Since Independence: Defence of the Western Front |date= |publisher=Advent Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-7069-1277-7 |pages=147}}</ref> the village fell to the Pakistani Army.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gill |first=John H. |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books/about/An_Atlas_of_the_1971_India_Pakistan_War.html?id=m2q6SgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y |title=An Atlas of the 1971 India - Pakistan War: The Creation of Bangladesh |date=2003 |publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies |pages=53 - 54 |language=en}}</ref> The Pakistani Army would withdraw from both Hussainiwala and Kaiser-e-Hind after the end of the war.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Saikia |first=Yasmin |date=2017-07-03 |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: The 1971 War |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=123687824&site=eds-live&scope=site |journal=Journal of Military History |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=932–934 |quote=}}</ref> === Casualties === Pakistan suffered from 148 casualties. The Indian figures are uncertain. Pakistan claims Indian losses were much higher, The Indian official history of the war, without quoting any figures, concedes that "disaster fell upon the defending Indian forces".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pakistan's Wars: An Alternative History|url=https://books.google.com.pk/books/about/Pakistan_s_Wars.html?id=mypsEAAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|publisher=Taylor & Francis|date=2022-06-09|isbn=978-1-000-59440-9|language=en|first=Tariq|last=Rahman|pages=110}}</ref> However, two key officers of the battle, Major Warich and Major Sandhu were reportedly announced [[missing in action]], and nobody knows about them till now.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=40 years after war, bridge opens near Hussainiwala border |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/40-years-after-war-bridge-opens-near-hussainiwala-border/articleshow/26872284.cms |access-date=2025-08-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shorey |first=Anil |url=http://archive.org/details/legendaryforce1s0000shor |title=A legendary force, 1st Patiala : 300 years of 15 Punjab (Patiala) |date=2005 |publisher=New Delhi : Manas Publications |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-81-7049-246-7 |pages=168}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-14 |title=1971 India-Pakistan war: The silent screams of those missing in action |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/1971-india-pakistan-war-the-silent-screams-of-those-missing-in-action-10209291.html |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> === Decorations === [[File:Sitara-e-Juraat.jpg|thumb|Sitara-e-Jurat, awarded to the [[Baloch Regiment|41 Baloch]].]] The personnel of the Pakistan Army were awarded 1 [[Hilal-i-Jur'at]], 5 [[Sitara-e-Jurat]], 6 [[Tamgha-i-Jurat]], and 1 [[Imtiazi Sanad]] for their conduct during the Battle of Hussainiwala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala |url=https://www.bolnews.com/newspaper/national-nerve/2022/08/the-battle-of-hussainiwala/ |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=BOL News |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908052630/https://www.bolnews.com/newspaper/national-nerve/2022/08/the-battle-of-hussainiwala/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{Refbegin}} :*{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Habib |title=The battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: the 1971 war |date=2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Karachi |isbn=978-0-1990-6472-4 |edition=1.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cmbjoQEACAAJ|access-date= August 28, 2025}} **{{cite book |last1=Rahman |first1=Tariq |title=Pakistan's wars: an alternative history |date=2022 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York |isbn=9781003254645 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003254645/pakistan-wars-tariq-rahman |access-date=29 August 2025 |chapter=The 1971 War: The Pakistani Experience |doi=10.4324/9781003254645 }} **{{cite journal |last1=Saikia |first1=Yasmin |title=The Battle of Hussainiwala and Qaiser-i-Hind: The 1971 War |journal=[[Journal of Military History]] |date=July 1, 2017 |pages=932–934}} (review of Ahmed Habib's book) {{Refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hussainiwala 1971}} bau1bvrw7owqqp7rtzvtne3es89p1ot 14 1217373 10882717 10495094 2026-06-09T22:44:26Z Asteralee 1508758 new key for [[Category:Reading]]: "television" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882717 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Educational television series]] [[Category:Reading|television]] 3a4zn1avpdrvp22r0svdpsd2ajv17dc 4 1218955 10882408 10881122 2026-06-09T15:42:58Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 /* User:Der-Wir-Ing */ Reply 10882408 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | level = 4 | archive =((FULLPAGENAME))/Archives/((year)) | show = yes}}</noinclude> ==Current requests for temporary account IP viewer== ====[[User:ExplorerofSpace]]==== *{{User2|ExplorerofSpace}} ([[Special:Userrights/ExplorerofSpace|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) I am requesting because temporary accounts are a thing and I need access to account IP's for patrolling purposes and to identify potential abuse. I have experience reverting vandalism more on other wikis and plan to edit way more here. I meet minimum requirments and think it would help a lot. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 22:29, 4 April 2026 (UTC) :{{notdone}} - While your account is technically older than 6 months, you have been editing for less than that time. Additionally, I do not see a need for it at this time on the Simple Wikipedia as I don't see you interacting with temporary accounts frequently. I also question your creation of [[Template:IP Viewed]] and its placement on multiple pages. I am not confident that you can use the TAIV status appropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, thanks for providing a reason and I do agree. I will interact with temp accounts more, do more patrolling, and request agin next month or so. Also, I have replied on the template topic. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 20:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) === [[User:Der-Wir-Ing]] === *{{user2|Der-Wir-Ing}}([[Special:Userrights/Der-Wir-Ing|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) Hi, I help since quite a while revert vandalism, but since we got temporary accounts, I can no longer see IPs here on simple which would be helpfull to see open proxies. I am admin on de-wiki since many years and I was [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=43782366 de-CU] and [[:de:Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Geschichte#Liste_der_ehemaligen_Mitglieder_des_Schiedsgerichts|de-Arb]]for a term each. I'm also the [[:fr:Wikipédia:Visualisateur_d'IP_des_comptes_temporaires/Statut/Archives/2025#(Traité)_Demande_de_Der-Wir-Ing|first IP-viewer on fr wiki]]. As I have less then 300 edits a steward would be needed to set the flag in my case. --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 00:14, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{not done}} You don't meet the time requirements at this point. You've less than six months experience. Come back in a few months. Thx, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:33, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Fr33kman}} I had a small off-wiki discussion with DWI that basically concluded just before you made your comment - so this isn't intended to override anything you've just put, this is just what we mentioned in that conversation being put here onto the public page, please make of it what you will. :The 300 edit minimum is clearly not met -the time requirement technically is as the account has been created for some time - the question here is instead whether this counts as [[:foundation:Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy#Exceptions to minimum requirements|an exception in foundation policy]], as a proof that an exception could be granted. Policy says, {{tq|If a user account does not meet the criteria above, but still has a legitimate reason to access temporary account IP addresses, for a purpose that cannot be '''reasonably''' addressed by users who already have this access, stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria.}} (bolding mine) If DWI was to send me (or another user with access) every temporary account he came across to check for open proxies, would that be reasonable? With the number of temporary accounts it appears he is intending to check, it appears not. Given the level of trustworthiness here, an exemption could be made, though would require a consensus among a few admins. I had mentioned at first that 1) DWI is likely to reach 300 edits soon anyway and 2) with the level of cross-wiki anti-vandalism work he has been doing lately, he could just request global rollback anyway, likely with no issue. That was pretty much what my response was going to be, as a comment rather than not done, but I think this is to go down the exception route - this is something I am personally okay with entertaining here, as it could be something to address sooner or later, be it here locally or more globally. So the question is more whether as a wiki, we want to grant the exception or not, then a steward can approve if we decide to. I do not want to turn this into a super wide discussion, as we prefer rollback requests to be Done/Not done processes, so we might wish to discuss this more on Simple talk. I should also say, on a purely practical basis given the scenario - the fact this could be resolved otherwise through another rights request or more edits - I lean towards no. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:54, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :I don't see any problem with making an exception to the global policy. I think such cases aren't properly covered by the policy yet. Someone with admin or other advanced rights on another project should be able to request this right as and when needed. While only around 50 edits are missing, I'd rather grant the right than see 50 unnecessary edits made just to fulfil the policy requirement. We would most likely grant the tool anyway when he reaches 300 edits here. Granting the right now doesn't seem to be a big deal. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 08:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::i don't see anything to an exception. The WMF says 6 months. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:47, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] WMF says "Any '''Admin''' can grant IP-viewer to an account with (localy) 300 edits and 6 months account age" and stewards can grant it to anybody see here: https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#Exceptions_to_minimum_requirements "stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 14:41, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::Having been a steward before one thing they don't do is act locally why there is adequate coverage of admins. I saw your global contributions are less than 6 months old and even less on this project. I'd object to anyone granting the right on simple wiki. I don't think you get global IP viewer. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 15:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::I think you got a wrong link. My global contribs should go back 14 years. [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 17:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] the Account of @[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] is connected to simplewiki since 13. Dec 2014 (11,5 years/138 months) which should meet the requirement for being at least registered for 6 Months. His first contributions were made in January 2026. For comparison, I got the permission in september after being 6 days active here (my account was also longer connected to the project). [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 18:03, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{u|NDG}}, please leave it to admins to review and monitor this request. Rollback requests are not supposed to be discussions. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:06, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::Could you check if the following temp accounts all use the same range and if so block it? :::::*<nowiki>[[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81]]</nowiki> :::::*<nowiki>[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33336-83]]</nowiki> :::::*<nowiki>[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32405-68]]</nowiki> :::::*<nowiki>[[Special:Contributions/~2026-30525-02]]</nowiki> :::::-[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) tu9os3xevwj645p0n9rb3psnbis4ef5 10882409 10882408 2026-06-09T15:43:48Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 /* User:Der-Wir-Ing */ 10882409 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | level = 4 | archive =((FULLPAGENAME))/Archives/((year)) | show = yes}}</noinclude> ==Current requests for temporary account IP viewer== ====[[User:ExplorerofSpace]]==== *{{User2|ExplorerofSpace}} ([[Special:Userrights/ExplorerofSpace|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) I am requesting because temporary accounts are a thing and I need access to account IP's for patrolling purposes and to identify potential abuse. I have experience reverting vandalism more on other wikis and plan to edit way more here. I meet minimum requirments and think it would help a lot. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 22:29, 4 April 2026 (UTC) :{{notdone}} - While your account is technically older than 6 months, you have been editing for less than that time. Additionally, I do not see a need for it at this time on the Simple Wikipedia as I don't see you interacting with temporary accounts frequently. I also question your creation of [[Template:IP Viewed]] and its placement on multiple pages. I am not confident that you can use the TAIV status appropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, thanks for providing a reason and I do agree. I will interact with temp accounts more, do more patrolling, and request agin next month or so. Also, I have replied on the template topic. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 20:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) === [[User:Der-Wir-Ing]] === *{{user2|Der-Wir-Ing}}([[Special:Userrights/Der-Wir-Ing|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) Hi, I help since quite a while revert vandalism, but since we got temporary accounts, I can no longer see IPs here on simple which would be helpfull to see open proxies. I am admin on de-wiki since many years and I was [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=43782366 de-CU] and [[:de:Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Geschichte#Liste_der_ehemaligen_Mitglieder_des_Schiedsgerichts|de-Arb]]for a term each. I'm also the [[:fr:Wikipédia:Visualisateur_d'IP_des_comptes_temporaires/Statut/Archives/2025#(Traité)_Demande_de_Der-Wir-Ing|first IP-viewer on fr wiki]]. As I have less then 300 edits a steward would be needed to set the flag in my case. --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 00:14, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{not done}} You don't meet the time requirements at this point. You've less than six months experience. Come back in a few months. Thx, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:33, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Fr33kman}} I had a small off-wiki discussion with DWI that basically concluded just before you made your comment - so this isn't intended to override anything you've just put, this is just what we mentioned in that conversation being put here onto the public page, please make of it what you will. :The 300 edit minimum is clearly not met -the time requirement technically is as the account has been created for some time - the question here is instead whether this counts as [[:foundation:Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy#Exceptions to minimum requirements|an exception in foundation policy]], as a proof that an exception could be granted. Policy says, {{tq|If a user account does not meet the criteria above, but still has a legitimate reason to access temporary account IP addresses, for a purpose that cannot be '''reasonably''' addressed by users who already have this access, stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria.}} (bolding mine) If DWI was to send me (or another user with access) every temporary account he came across to check for open proxies, would that be reasonable? With the number of temporary accounts it appears he is intending to check, it appears not. Given the level of trustworthiness here, an exemption could be made, though would require a consensus among a few admins. I had mentioned at first that 1) DWI is likely to reach 300 edits soon anyway and 2) with the level of cross-wiki anti-vandalism work he has been doing lately, he could just request global rollback anyway, likely with no issue. That was pretty much what my response was going to be, as a comment rather than not done, but I think this is to go down the exception route - this is something I am personally okay with entertaining here, as it could be something to address sooner or later, be it here locally or more globally. So the question is more whether as a wiki, we want to grant the exception or not, then a steward can approve if we decide to. I do not want to turn this into a super wide discussion, as we prefer rollback requests to be Done/Not done processes, so we might wish to discuss this more on Simple talk. I should also say, on a purely practical basis given the scenario - the fact this could be resolved otherwise through another rights request or more edits - I lean towards no. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:54, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :I don't see any problem with making an exception to the global policy. I think such cases aren't properly covered by the policy yet. Someone with admin or other advanced rights on another project should be able to request this right as and when needed. While only around 50 edits are missing, I'd rather grant the right than see 50 unnecessary edits made just to fulfil the policy requirement. We would most likely grant the tool anyway when he reaches 300 edits here. Granting the right now doesn't seem to be a big deal. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 08:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::i don't see anything to an exception. The WMF says 6 months. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:47, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] WMF says "Any '''Admin''' can grant IP-viewer to an account with (localy) 300 edits and 6 months account age" and stewards can grant it to anybody see here: https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#Exceptions_to_minimum_requirements "stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 14:41, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::Having been a steward before one thing they don't do is act locally why there is adequate coverage of admins. I saw your global contributions are less than 6 months old and even less on this project. I'd object to anyone granting the right on simple wiki. I don't think you get global IP viewer. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 15:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::I think you got a wrong link. My global contribs should go back 14 years. [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 17:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] the Account of @[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] is connected to simplewiki since 13. Dec 2014 (11,5 years/138 months) which should meet the requirement for being at least registered for 6 Months. His first contributions were made in January 2026. For comparison, I got the permission in september after being 6 days active here (my account was also longer connected to the project). [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 18:03, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{u|NDG}}, please leave it to admins to review and monitor this request. Rollback requests are not supposed to be discussions. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:06, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::Could you check if the following temp accounts all use the same range and if so block it? :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33336-83]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32405-68]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-30525-02]] :::::-[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) is3l98afzoip0sgmxt92dvcyltoqjyw 10882427 10882409 2026-06-09T16:03:20Z Ferien 1011873 /* User:Der-Wir-Ing */ Reply 10882427 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | level = 4 | archive =((FULLPAGENAME))/Archives/((year)) | show = yes}}</noinclude> ==Current requests for temporary account IP viewer== ====[[User:ExplorerofSpace]]==== *{{User2|ExplorerofSpace}} ([[Special:Userrights/ExplorerofSpace|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) I am requesting because temporary accounts are a thing and I need access to account IP's for patrolling purposes and to identify potential abuse. I have experience reverting vandalism more on other wikis and plan to edit way more here. I meet minimum requirments and think it would help a lot. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 22:29, 4 April 2026 (UTC) :{{notdone}} - While your account is technically older than 6 months, you have been editing for less than that time. Additionally, I do not see a need for it at this time on the Simple Wikipedia as I don't see you interacting with temporary accounts frequently. I also question your creation of [[Template:IP Viewed]] and its placement on multiple pages. I am not confident that you can use the TAIV status appropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, thanks for providing a reason and I do agree. I will interact with temp accounts more, do more patrolling, and request agin next month or so. Also, I have replied on the template topic. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 20:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) === [[User:Der-Wir-Ing]] === *{{user2|Der-Wir-Ing}}([[Special:Userrights/Der-Wir-Ing|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) Hi, I help since quite a while revert vandalism, but since we got temporary accounts, I can no longer see IPs here on simple which would be helpfull to see open proxies. I am admin on de-wiki since many years and I was [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=43782366 de-CU] and [[:de:Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Geschichte#Liste_der_ehemaligen_Mitglieder_des_Schiedsgerichts|de-Arb]]for a term each. I'm also the [[:fr:Wikipédia:Visualisateur_d'IP_des_comptes_temporaires/Statut/Archives/2025#(Traité)_Demande_de_Der-Wir-Ing|first IP-viewer on fr wiki]]. As I have less then 300 edits a steward would be needed to set the flag in my case. --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 00:14, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{not done}} You don't meet the time requirements at this point. You've less than six months experience. Come back in a few months. Thx, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:33, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Fr33kman}} I had a small off-wiki discussion with DWI that basically concluded just before you made your comment - so this isn't intended to override anything you've just put, this is just what we mentioned in that conversation being put here onto the public page, please make of it what you will. :The 300 edit minimum is clearly not met -the time requirement technically is as the account has been created for some time - the question here is instead whether this counts as [[:foundation:Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy#Exceptions to minimum requirements|an exception in foundation policy]], as a proof that an exception could be granted. Policy says, {{tq|If a user account does not meet the criteria above, but still has a legitimate reason to access temporary account IP addresses, for a purpose that cannot be '''reasonably''' addressed by users who already have this access, stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria.}} (bolding mine) If DWI was to send me (or another user with access) every temporary account he came across to check for open proxies, would that be reasonable? With the number of temporary accounts it appears he is intending to check, it appears not. Given the level of trustworthiness here, an exemption could be made, though would require a consensus among a few admins. I had mentioned at first that 1) DWI is likely to reach 300 edits soon anyway and 2) with the level of cross-wiki anti-vandalism work he has been doing lately, he could just request global rollback anyway, likely with no issue. That was pretty much what my response was going to be, as a comment rather than not done, but I think this is to go down the exception route - this is something I am personally okay with entertaining here, as it could be something to address sooner or later, be it here locally or more globally. So the question is more whether as a wiki, we want to grant the exception or not, then a steward can approve if we decide to. I do not want to turn this into a super wide discussion, as we prefer rollback requests to be Done/Not done processes, so we might wish to discuss this more on Simple talk. I should also say, on a purely practical basis given the scenario - the fact this could be resolved otherwise through another rights request or more edits - I lean towards no. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:54, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :I don't see any problem with making an exception to the global policy. I think such cases aren't properly covered by the policy yet. Someone with admin or other advanced rights on another project should be able to request this right as and when needed. While only around 50 edits are missing, I'd rather grant the right than see 50 unnecessary edits made just to fulfil the policy requirement. We would most likely grant the tool anyway when he reaches 300 edits here. Granting the right now doesn't seem to be a big deal. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 08:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::i don't see anything to an exception. The WMF says 6 months. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:47, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] WMF says "Any '''Admin''' can grant IP-viewer to an account with (localy) 300 edits and 6 months account age" and stewards can grant it to anybody see here: https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#Exceptions_to_minimum_requirements "stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 14:41, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::Having been a steward before one thing they don't do is act locally why there is adequate coverage of admins. I saw your global contributions are less than 6 months old and even less on this project. I'd object to anyone granting the right on simple wiki. I don't think you get global IP viewer. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 15:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::I think you got a wrong link. My global contribs should go back 14 years. [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 17:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] the Account of @[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] is connected to simplewiki since 13. Dec 2014 (11,5 years/138 months) which should meet the requirement for being at least registered for 6 Months. His first contributions were made in January 2026. For comparison, I got the permission in september after being 6 days active here (my account was also longer connected to the project). [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 18:03, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{u|NDG}}, please leave it to admins to review and monitor this request. Rollback requests are not supposed to be discussions. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:06, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::Could you check if the following temp accounts all use the same range and if so block it? :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33336-83]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32405-68]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-30525-02]] :::::-[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::I have blocked a range as part of this request, though those accounts do not use any of the same ranges. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 16:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) re1lb346ewjdnh3yzz0bwu737bek1y5 10882438 10882427 2026-06-09T16:17:21Z BRPever 487619 /* User:Der-Wir-Ing */ 10882438 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | level = 4 | archive =((FULLPAGENAME))/Archives/((year)) | show = yes}}</noinclude> ==Current requests for temporary account IP viewer== ====[[User:ExplorerofSpace]]==== *{{User2|ExplorerofSpace}} ([[Special:Userrights/ExplorerofSpace|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) I am requesting because temporary accounts are a thing and I need access to account IP's for patrolling purposes and to identify potential abuse. I have experience reverting vandalism more on other wikis and plan to edit way more here. I meet minimum requirments and think it would help a lot. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 22:29, 4 April 2026 (UTC) :{{notdone}} - While your account is technically older than 6 months, you have been editing for less than that time. Additionally, I do not see a need for it at this time on the Simple Wikipedia as I don't see you interacting with temporary accounts frequently. I also question your creation of [[Template:IP Viewed]] and its placement on multiple pages. I am not confident that you can use the TAIV status appropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, thanks for providing a reason and I do agree. I will interact with temp accounts more, do more patrolling, and request agin next month or so. Also, I have replied on the template topic. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 20:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) === [[User:Der-Wir-Ing]] === *{{user2|Der-Wir-Ing}}([[Special:Userrights/Der-Wir-Ing|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) Hi, I help since quite a while revert vandalism, but since we got temporary accounts, I can no longer see IPs here on simple which would be helpfull to see open proxies. I am admin on de-wiki since many years and I was [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=43782366 de-CU] and [[:de:Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Geschichte#Liste_der_ehemaligen_Mitglieder_des_Schiedsgerichts|de-Arb]]for a term each. I'm also the [[:fr:Wikipédia:Visualisateur_d'IP_des_comptes_temporaires/Statut/Archives/2025#(Traité)_Demande_de_Der-Wir-Ing|first IP-viewer on fr wiki]]. As I have less then 300 edits a steward would be needed to set the flag in my case. --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 00:14, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{not done}} You don't meet the time requirements at this point. You've less than six months experience. Come back in a few months. Thx, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:33, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Fr33kman}} I had a small off-wiki discussion with DWI that basically concluded just before you made your comment - so this isn't intended to override anything you've just put, this is just what we mentioned in that conversation being put here onto the public page, please make of it what you will. :The 300 edit minimum is clearly not met -the time requirement technically is as the account has been created for some time - the question here is instead whether this counts as [[:foundation:Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy#Exceptions to minimum requirements|an exception in foundation policy]], as a proof that an exception could be granted. Policy says, {{tq|If a user account does not meet the criteria above, but still has a legitimate reason to access temporary account IP addresses, for a purpose that cannot be '''reasonably''' addressed by users who already have this access, stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria.}} (bolding mine) If DWI was to send me (or another user with access) every temporary account he came across to check for open proxies, would that be reasonable? With the number of temporary accounts it appears he is intending to check, it appears not. Given the level of trustworthiness here, an exemption could be made, though would require a consensus among a few admins. I had mentioned at first that 1) DWI is likely to reach 300 edits soon anyway and 2) with the level of cross-wiki anti-vandalism work he has been doing lately, he could just request global rollback anyway, likely with no issue. That was pretty much what my response was going to be, as a comment rather than not done, but I think this is to go down the exception route - this is something I am personally okay with entertaining here, as it could be something to address sooner or later, be it here locally or more globally. So the question is more whether as a wiki, we want to grant the exception or not, then a steward can approve if we decide to. I do not want to turn this into a super wide discussion, as we prefer rollback requests to be Done/Not done processes, so we might wish to discuss this more on Simple talk. I should also say, on a purely practical basis given the scenario - the fact this could be resolved otherwise through another rights request or more edits - I lean towards no. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:54, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :I don't see any problem with making an exception to the global policy. I think such cases aren't properly covered by the policy yet. Someone with admin or other advanced rights on another project should be able to request this right as and when needed. While only around 50 edits are missing, I'd rather grant the right than see 50 unnecessary edits made just to fulfil the policy requirement. We would most likely grant the tool anyway when he reaches 300 edits here. Granting the right now doesn't seem to be a big deal. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 08:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::i don't see anything to an exception. The WMF says 6 months. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:47, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] WMF says "Any '''Admin''' can grant IP-viewer to an account with (localy) 300 edits and 6 months account age" and stewards can grant it to anybody see here: https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#Exceptions_to_minimum_requirements "stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 14:41, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::Having been a steward before one thing they don't do is act locally why there is adequate coverage of admins. I saw your global contributions are less than 6 months old and even less on this project. I'd object to anyone granting the right on simple wiki. I don't think you get global IP viewer. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 15:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::I think you got a wrong link. My global contribs should go back 14 years. [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 17:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] the Account of @[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] is connected to simplewiki since 13. Dec 2014 (11,5 years/138 months) which should meet the requirement for being at least registered for 6 Months. His first contributions were made in January 2026. For comparison, I got the permission in september after being 6 days active here (my account was also longer connected to the project). [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 18:03, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{u|NDG}}, please leave it to admins to review and monitor this request. Rollback requests are not supposed to be discussions. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:06, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::Could you check if the following temp accounts all use the same range and if so block it? :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33336-83]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32405-68]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-30525-02]] :::::-[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::I have blocked a range as part of this request, though those accounts do not use any of the same ranges. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 16:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :You are only about 30 edits short of meeting the criteria, and I am not sure about exporting this request to stewards for exceptions without creation of local policy/procedure around it first. I would be more comfortable with stewards creating a global group for users who are active in multiple wikis. So, for now I endorse Fr33kman's closure.--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 16:17, 9 June 2026 (UTC) m496uw289ijxqsuwi2xtdd1z7tndoq6 10882447 10882438 2026-06-09T16:34:25Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 /* User:Der-Wir-Ing */ 10882447 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | level = 4 | archive =((FULLPAGENAME))/Archives/((year)) | show = yes}}</noinclude> ==Current requests for temporary account IP viewer== ====[[User:ExplorerofSpace]]==== *{{User2|ExplorerofSpace}} ([[Special:Userrights/ExplorerofSpace|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) I am requesting because temporary accounts are a thing and I need access to account IP's for patrolling purposes and to identify potential abuse. I have experience reverting vandalism more on other wikis and plan to edit way more here. I meet minimum requirments and think it would help a lot. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 22:29, 4 April 2026 (UTC) :{{notdone}} - While your account is technically older than 6 months, you have been editing for less than that time. Additionally, I do not see a need for it at this time on the Simple Wikipedia as I don't see you interacting with temporary accounts frequently. I also question your creation of [[Template:IP Viewed]] and its placement on multiple pages. I am not confident that you can use the TAIV status appropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, thanks for providing a reason and I do agree. I will interact with temp accounts more, do more patrolling, and request agin next month or so. Also, I have replied on the template topic. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 20:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) === [[User:Der-Wir-Ing]] === *{{user2|Der-Wir-Ing}}([[Special:Userrights/Der-Wir-Ing|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) Hi, I help since quite a while revert vandalism, but since we got temporary accounts, I can no longer see IPs here on simple which would be helpfull to see open proxies. I am admin on de-wiki since many years and I was [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=43782366 de-CU] and [[:de:Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Geschichte#Liste_der_ehemaligen_Mitglieder_des_Schiedsgerichts|de-Arb]]for a term each. I'm also the [[:fr:Wikipédia:Visualisateur_d'IP_des_comptes_temporaires/Statut/Archives/2025#(Traité)_Demande_de_Der-Wir-Ing|first IP-viewer on fr wiki]]. As I have less then 300 edits a steward would be needed to set the flag in my case. --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 00:14, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{not done}} You don't meet the time requirements at this point. You've less than six months experience. Come back in a few months. Thx, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:33, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Fr33kman}} I had a small off-wiki discussion with DWI that basically concluded just before you made your comment - so this isn't intended to override anything you've just put, this is just what we mentioned in that conversation being put here onto the public page, please make of it what you will. :The 300 edit minimum is clearly not met -the time requirement technically is as the account has been created for some time - the question here is instead whether this counts as [[:foundation:Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy#Exceptions to minimum requirements|an exception in foundation policy]], as a proof that an exception could be granted. Policy says, {{tq|If a user account does not meet the criteria above, but still has a legitimate reason to access temporary account IP addresses, for a purpose that cannot be '''reasonably''' addressed by users who already have this access, stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria.}} (bolding mine) If DWI was to send me (or another user with access) every temporary account he came across to check for open proxies, would that be reasonable? With the number of temporary accounts it appears he is intending to check, it appears not. Given the level of trustworthiness here, an exemption could be made, though would require a consensus among a few admins. I had mentioned at first that 1) DWI is likely to reach 300 edits soon anyway and 2) with the level of cross-wiki anti-vandalism work he has been doing lately, he could just request global rollback anyway, likely with no issue. That was pretty much what my response was going to be, as a comment rather than not done, but I think this is to go down the exception route - this is something I am personally okay with entertaining here, as it could be something to address sooner or later, be it here locally or more globally. So the question is more whether as a wiki, we want to grant the exception or not, then a steward can approve if we decide to. I do not want to turn this into a super wide discussion, as we prefer rollback requests to be Done/Not done processes, so we might wish to discuss this more on Simple talk. I should also say, on a purely practical basis given the scenario - the fact this could be resolved otherwise through another rights request or more edits - I lean towards no. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:54, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :I don't see any problem with making an exception to the global policy. I think such cases aren't properly covered by the policy yet. Someone with admin or other advanced rights on another project should be able to request this right as and when needed. While only around 50 edits are missing, I'd rather grant the right than see 50 unnecessary edits made just to fulfil the policy requirement. We would most likely grant the tool anyway when he reaches 300 edits here. Granting the right now doesn't seem to be a big deal. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 08:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::i don't see anything to an exception. The WMF says 6 months. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:47, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] WMF says "Any '''Admin''' can grant IP-viewer to an account with (localy) 300 edits and 6 months account age" and stewards can grant it to anybody see here: https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#Exceptions_to_minimum_requirements "stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 14:41, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::Having been a steward before one thing they don't do is act locally why there is adequate coverage of admins. I saw your global contributions are less than 6 months old and even less on this project. I'd object to anyone granting the right on simple wiki. I don't think you get global IP viewer. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 15:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::I think you got a wrong link. My global contribs should go back 14 years. [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 17:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] the Account of @[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] is connected to simplewiki since 13. Dec 2014 (11,5 years/138 months) which should meet the requirement for being at least registered for 6 Months. His first contributions were made in January 2026. For comparison, I got the permission in september after being 6 days active here (my account was also longer connected to the project). [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 18:03, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{u|NDG}}, please leave it to admins to review and monitor this request. Rollback requests are not supposed to be discussions. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:06, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::Could you check if the following temp accounts all use the same range and if so block it? :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33336-83]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32405-68]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-30525-02]] :::::-[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::I have blocked a range as part of this request, though those accounts do not use any of the same ranges. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 16:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :You are only about 30 edits short of meeting the criteria, and I am not sure about exporting this request to stewards for exceptions without creation of local policy/procedure around it first. I would be more comfortable with stewards creating a global group for users who are active in multiple wikis. So, for now I endorse Fr33kman's closure.--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 16:17, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ::That group exits already [[:meta:Global_temporary_account_IP_viewers|Global temporary account IP viewers]]: "Global temporary account IP viewers are users with the ability to see temporary account IP addresses (and access the IP Info tool and enable two-factor authentication) on all wikis. This permission is only assigned to users that have CheckUser or Oversight rights on at least one wiki or are global sysops, per the foundation policy." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) l9vj635iqcgc7q1l6dg2zrsolr02skv 10882579 10882447 2026-06-09T19:42:10Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 /* User:Der-Wir-Ing */ Reply 10882579 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Autoarchive resolved section | age = 3 | level = 4 | archive =((FULLPAGENAME))/Archives/((year)) | show = yes}}</noinclude> ==Current requests for temporary account IP viewer== ====[[User:ExplorerofSpace]]==== *{{User2|ExplorerofSpace}} ([[Special:Userrights/ExplorerofSpace|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) I am requesting because temporary accounts are a thing and I need access to account IP's for patrolling purposes and to identify potential abuse. I have experience reverting vandalism more on other wikis and plan to edit way more here. I meet minimum requirments and think it would help a lot. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 22:29, 4 April 2026 (UTC) :{{notdone}} - While your account is technically older than 6 months, you have been editing for less than that time. Additionally, I do not see a need for it at this time on the Simple Wikipedia as I don't see you interacting with temporary accounts frequently. I also question your creation of [[Template:IP Viewed]] and its placement on multiple pages. I am not confident that you can use the TAIV status appropriately. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 14:22, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, thanks for providing a reason and I do agree. I will interact with temp accounts more, do more patrolling, and request agin next month or so. Also, I have replied on the template topic. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 20:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) === [[User:Der-Wir-Ing]] === *{{user2|Der-Wir-Ing}}([[Special:Userrights/Der-Wir-Ing|<span style="color:#002bb8">'''assign permissions'''</span>]]) Hi, I help since quite a while revert vandalism, but since we got temporary accounts, I can no longer see IPs here on simple which would be helpfull to see open proxies. I am admin on de-wiki since many years and I was [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=43782366 de-CU] and [[:de:Wikipedia:Schiedsgericht/Geschichte#Liste_der_ehemaligen_Mitglieder_des_Schiedsgerichts|de-Arb]]for a term each. I'm also the [[:fr:Wikipédia:Visualisateur_d'IP_des_comptes_temporaires/Statut/Archives/2025#(Traité)_Demande_de_Der-Wir-Ing|first IP-viewer on fr wiki]]. As I have less then 300 edits a steward would be needed to set the flag in my case. --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 00:14, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{not done}} You don't meet the time requirements at this point. You've less than six months experience. Come back in a few months. Thx, '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 00:33, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :{{re|Fr33kman}} I had a small off-wiki discussion with DWI that basically concluded just before you made your comment - so this isn't intended to override anything you've just put, this is just what we mentioned in that conversation being put here onto the public page, please make of it what you will. :The 300 edit minimum is clearly not met -the time requirement technically is as the account has been created for some time - the question here is instead whether this counts as [[:foundation:Policy:Wikimedia Access to Temporary Account IP Addresses Policy#Exceptions to minimum requirements|an exception in foundation policy]], as a proof that an exception could be granted. Policy says, {{tq|If a user account does not meet the criteria above, but still has a legitimate reason to access temporary account IP addresses, for a purpose that cannot be '''reasonably''' addressed by users who already have this access, stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria.}} (bolding mine) If DWI was to send me (or another user with access) every temporary account he came across to check for open proxies, would that be reasonable? With the number of temporary accounts it appears he is intending to check, it appears not. Given the level of trustworthiness here, an exemption could be made, though would require a consensus among a few admins. I had mentioned at first that 1) DWI is likely to reach 300 edits soon anyway and 2) with the level of cross-wiki anti-vandalism work he has been doing lately, he could just request global rollback anyway, likely with no issue. That was pretty much what my response was going to be, as a comment rather than not done, but I think this is to go down the exception route - this is something I am personally okay with entertaining here, as it could be something to address sooner or later, be it here locally or more globally. So the question is more whether as a wiki, we want to grant the exception or not, then a steward can approve if we decide to. I do not want to turn this into a super wide discussion, as we prefer rollback requests to be Done/Not done processes, so we might wish to discuss this more on Simple talk. I should also say, on a purely practical basis given the scenario - the fact this could be resolved otherwise through another rights request or more edits - I lean towards no. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 00:54, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :I don't see any problem with making an exception to the global policy. I think such cases aren't properly covered by the policy yet. Someone with admin or other advanced rights on another project should be able to request this right as and when needed. While only around 50 edits are missing, I'd rather grant the right than see 50 unnecessary edits made just to fulfil the policy requirement. We would most likely grant the tool anyway when he reaches 300 edits here. Granting the right now doesn't seem to be a big deal. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 08:55, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::i don't see anything to an exception. The WMF says 6 months. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 11:47, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] WMF says "Any '''Admin''' can grant IP-viewer to an account with (localy) 300 edits and 6 months account age" and stewards can grant it to anybody see here: https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#Exceptions_to_minimum_requirements "stewards are authorized to grant exceptions to the above criteria." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 14:41, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::Having been a steward before one thing they don't do is act locally why there is adequate coverage of admins. I saw your global contributions are less than 6 months old and even less on this project. I'd object to anyone granting the right on simple wiki. I don't think you get global IP viewer. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 15:53, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::I think you got a wrong link. My global contribs should go back 14 years. [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 17:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] the Account of @[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] is connected to simplewiki since 13. Dec 2014 (11,5 years/138 months) which should meet the requirement for being at least registered for 6 Months. His first contributions were made in January 2026. For comparison, I got the permission in september after being 6 days active here (my account was also longer connected to the project). [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 18:03, 7 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::{{u|NDG}}, please leave it to admins to review and monitor this request. Rollback requests are not supposed to be discussions. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:06, 7 June 2026 (UTC) :::::Could you check if the following temp accounts all use the same range and if so block it? :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33336-83]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-32405-68]] :::::*[[Special:Contributions/~2026-30525-02]] :::::-[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::I have blocked a range as part of this request, though those accounts do not use any of the same ranges. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 16:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[User:Fr33kman|Fr33kman]] could you check if [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74]] is a proxy? [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 19:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) :You are only about 30 edits short of meeting the criteria, and I am not sure about exporting this request to stewards for exceptions without creation of local policy/procedure around it first. I would be more comfortable with stewards creating a global group for users who are active in multiple wikis. So, for now I endorse Fr33kman's closure.--[[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' 16:17, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ::That group exits already [[:meta:Global_temporary_account_IP_viewers|Global temporary account IP viewers]]: "Global temporary account IP viewers are users with the ability to see temporary account IP addresses (and access the IP Info tool and enable two-factor authentication) on all wikis. This permission is only assigned to users that have CheckUser or Oversight rights on at least one wiki or are global sysops, per the foundation policy." --[[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 16:34, 9 June 2026 (UTC) bztvcxk0p98ly9eciu48sc7j4pbdyp5 0 1221572 10883036 10604217 2026-06-10T09:35:12Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|1|0 */ 10883036 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''1986 Sabah riots''', also called '''The Silent Riot''',<ref name=":0">{{cite web|author=Amy Dangin|date=25 October 2012|title=Screening of film on 1986 Sabah riot Oct 27|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/10/25/screening-of-film-on-1986-sabah-riot-oct-27/|access-date=|publisher=[[The Borneo Post]]}}</ref> happened between March and May 1986 in different parts of [[Sabah]], Malaysia. Most of the violence happened in [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Tawau]] and [[Sandakan]]. On 12 March, seven bombs exploded in Kota Kinabalu. Another bomb exploded in Tawau. At least five bombs went off in Sandakan, killing one [[newspaper]] seller and injuring a senior Police Field Force officer. In total, 5 people died.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kalimullah Hassan|date=18 November 2007|title=OPINION: Reforms yes, but not through violence in the streets|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/Columns/2086779/Article/index_html|access-date=|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]}}</ref> ==History== The riots started after the [[Sabah state election, 1985|1985 state election]], when the new party [[Parti Bersatu Sabah]] (PBS) won and replaced [[Parti Berjaya]], which was part of [[Barisan Nasional]] (BN). Some people were angry and wanted to remove PBS president [[Pairin Kitingan]] from being Chief Minister.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/01/world/kota-kinabalu-journal-with-houses-on-stilts-and-hopes-in-another-land.html|title= Kota Kinabalu Journal; With Houses on Stilts and Hopes in Another Land|author=Barbara Crossette|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 October 1987|access-date=}}</ref> It was also believed that the losing parties, including BN, wanted to create an [[State of emergency|emergency]] to take control of the state. This was similar to what happened in [[1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis|1966 in Sarawak]] and [[1977 Kelantan Emergency|1977 in Kelantan]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Alan Ting|date=5 February 2009|title=Nizar Not First To Refuse To Quit|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newspolitic.php?id=387958|access-date=|publisher=[[Bernama]]}}</ref> Pairin used to be a member of Berjaya. He started PBS just 47 days before the election.<ref name=asiansurvey>{{cite journal|jstor=2644213|author=K. Ramanathan Kalimuthu|title=The Sabah State Elections of April 1985|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_asian-survey_1986-07_26_7/page/814|journal=Asian Survey|volume=26|issue=7|pages=815–837|publisher=Asian Survey, Vol. 26, No. 7|year=1986|doi=10.2307/2644213}}</ref> Leaders of the other parties, [[Harris Salleh]] of Berjaya and [[Tun Mustapha]] of USNO, were unhappy with the results. Tun Mustapha tried to become Chief Minister illegally,<ref>{{cite news|author=Kalimullah Hassan|date=18 November 2007|title=OPINION: Reforms yes, but not through violence in the streets|publisher=New Straits Times|url=http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Sunday/Columns/2086779/Article/index_html|access-date=}}</ref> which led to a court case. The court decided in favour of Pairin.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|author=Crossette, Barbara|date=1 October 1987|title=Kota Kinabalu Journal; With Houses on Stilts and Hopes in Another Land|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4D9163BF932A35753C1A961948260|access-date=|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name=pbs>{{cite web|publisher=Parti Bersatu Sabah|title=Historical Background|url=http://www.pbs-sabah.org/pbs3/html/party/background.html|access-date=|archive-date=2013-04-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415190007/http://www.pbs-sabah.org/pbs3/html/party/background.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> PBS later called for a snap election because some of its members [[Defection|defected]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Suhaini Aznam|date=22 June 2008|title=Is snap polls the answer?|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/6/22/nation/21624309&sec=nation|access-date=|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Mahathir Mohamad]] tried to make a deal with PBS to join BN for peace in the state. Finally, [[Sabah state election, 1986|the election]] happened on 4 and 5 May 1986. PBS won again, this time with a bigger margin.<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaysia – Pilihan Raya – Pilihan Raya Umum Sabah (1986)|url=http://www.geocities.com/hualian_studentclub/pilihanraya/pilihanraya_umum_sabah_1986.htm|access-date=|publisher=GeoCities}}</ref> ==Legacy== A documentary about the 1986 riots was made by Sabahan filmmaker [[Nadira Ilana]] in 2012. The film is called ''The Silent Riot'' and was one of the winning proposals for the Freedom Film Fest (FFF) 2012.<ref name=":0" /> ==References== <references /> [[Category:1980s riots]] [[Category:1980s in Malaysia]] [[Category:1986 in Asia]] [[Category:Sabah]] [[Category:Riots]] [[Category:Protests]] b1q0l6v6qut3jdgcvd0smnt32yo2t1f 0 1224567 10882318 10881808 2026-06-09T14:06:30Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Udjsjjsjeje.jpg|Udjsjjsjeje.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Ziv|Ziv]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Udjsjjsjeje.jpg|]]. 10882318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|There's no evidence that this series exists or ever did. The lead image is a recolored version of the characters from [[Motu Patlu]] (and also a COPYVIO).}} {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=August 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2025}} {{Infobox television | image = | caption = Two friends "Berry & Bitty" | genre = [[Comedy]] | creator = [[Justin Fletcher]] | based_on = ''[[Berry & Bitty]]''<br> by [[Nikolaus Pevsner]] | voices = [[Ben Burtt]] [[Tom Kenny]] [[Sammo Hung]] [[Johnny Yong Bosch]] | country = South Africa | language = Hindi | num_seasons = 15 | num_episodes = | runtime = 10-11 minutes | company = {{ubl|[[Emylarmatystudios]]|[[Storybots Studios]]}} | network = Emylarmatystudios TV | first_aired = {{Start date|2005|05|10}} | last_aired = present | related = ''[[Berry & Bitty]]''(1914) <br> ''[[Not Quit The Adventures of Berry & Bitty]]''(1932-1949)<br>''[[Berry & Bitty (1999 TV Series)|Berry & Bitty]]''(1999-2004) }} '''''The Adventures of Berry & Bitty''''' is an South African [[animated television series]] aired on 10 May 2005 for the first time in [[Africa]] on the channel named Emylarmatystudios. The show is available in many languages Hindi. It is based on the network called Emylarmatystudios. The story is about two friends, <big>Berry</big> and <small>Bitty</small>, who often get into funny troubles and are saved by luck. ==Characters== {{Multiple image | image1 = Ben Burtt Celebration Europe II.jpg | image2 = TomKenny.jpg | footer = From Left to right [[Ben Burtt]] (Berry) [[Tom Kenny]] (Bitty) [[Sammo Hung]] (Dr. Doofezman) and [[Johnny Yong Bosch]] (Joey) | width1 = 120 | width2 = 140 | image3 = SammoHung.jpg | image4 = Johnny Yong Bosch.jpg | width3 = 140 | width4 = 140 }} *'''Berry''' (voiced by [[Ben Burtt|Ben Burtt]]) is the protagonist of the series he is a man *'''Bitty''' (voiced by [[Tom Kenny]] later [[Robert Redford]])is Berry's Best friend he is a clever and brave man ==Episodes== <onlyinclude>{{Series overview | postauxA = Segments | color1 = #6DC44C | link1 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 1: 1999–2000 | episodes1 = 20 | postauxA1 = 41 | start1 = {{Start date|1999|5|1}} | end1 = {{End date|2001|3|3}} | color2 = #FCA02F | link2 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 2: 2000–2002 | episodes2 = 20 | postauxA2 = 39 | start2 = {{Start date|2000|10|20}} | end2 = {{End date|2003|7|26}} | color3 = #01A8CA | link3 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 3: 2001–2004 | episodes3 = 20 | postauxA3 = 37 | start3 = {{Start date|2001|10|5}} | end3 = {{End date|2004|10|11}} | color4 = #FFB072 | link4 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 4: 2005–2007 | episodes4 = 20 | postauxA4 = 38 | start4 = {{Start date|2005|5|6}} | end4 = {{End date|2007|7|24}} | color5 = #FAF75B | link5 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 5: 2007–2009 | episodes5 = 20 | postauxA5 = 41 | start5 = {{Start date|2007|2|19}} | end5 = {{End date|2009|7|19}} | color6 = #554C99 | link6 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 6: 2008–2010 | episodes6 = 26 | postauxA6 = 47 | start6 = {{Start date|2008|3|3}} | end6 = {{End date|2010|7|5}} | color7 = #A1DFFB | link7 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 7: 2009–2011 | episodes7 = 26 | postauxA7 = 50 | start7 = {{Start date|2009|7|19}} | end7 = {{End date|2011|6|11}} | color8 = #04B0F7 | link8 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 8: 2011–2012 | episodes8 = 26 | postauxA8 = 47 | start8 = {{Start date|2011|3|26}} | end8 = {{End date|2012|12|6}} | color9 = #FFAAD7 | link9 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 9: 2012–2017 | episodes9 = 26 | postauxA9 = 49 | start9 = {{Start date|2012|7|21}} | end9 = {{End date|2017|2|20}} | color10 = #A4D8E2 | link10 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 10: 2016-2017 | episodes10 = 11 | postauxA10 = 22 | start10 = {{Start date|2016|10|15}} | end10 = {{End date|2017|8|12}} | color11 = #31dfb5 | link11 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 11: 2017-2018 | episodes11 = 26 | postauxA11 = 50 | start11 = {{Start date|2017|7|27}} | end11 = {{End date|2018|11|25}} | color12 = #34508a | link12 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 12: 2018-2022 | episodes12 = 31<!-- Including specials. --> | postauxA12 = 53<!-- Including specials. --> | start12 = {{Start date|2018|11|11}} | end12 = {{End date|2022|4|29}} | color13 = #D770D2 | link13 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 13: 2020-2023 | episodes13 = 28<!-- Including specials. --> | postauxA13 = 54<!-- Including specials. --> | start13 = {{Start date|2020|10|22}} | end13 = {{End date|2023|11|1}} | color14 = #004D4D | link14 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 14: 2023-2024 | episodes14 = 13<ref name="S14 renew">{{#invoke:cite web||url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/spongebob-squarepants-paw-patrol-blues-clues-you-renewed-nickelodeon-1234986103/|title=''SpongeBob SquarePants'', ''Paw Patrol'', ''Blue's Clues & You!'' Renewed By Nickelodeon|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|author=Alexandra Del Rosario|date=March 24, 2022|access-date=November 4, 2023}}</ref> | postauxA14 = 21 | start14 = {{Start date|2023|11|2}} | end14 = {{End date|2024|12|2}} | color15 = #A9194E | link15 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 15: 2024-2025 | episodes15 = 13<ref name="Paramount SB S15">{{cite web |title=Paramount Global - SpongeBob SquarePants |url=https://paramountglobalcontent.com/title/spongebob-squarepants |publisher=Paramount |access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> | postauxA15 = 26 | start15 = {{Start date|2024|7|24}} | end15 = {{End date|2025|6|20}} | color16 = #E4E1C9 | link16 = <includeonly>List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes</includeonly>#Season 16: 2025-present | episodes16 = 13 | postauxA16 = 22 | start16 = {{Start date|2025|6|27}} | end16 = {{End date}}<!--Do not add the next season until a table can be created for it, per WP:TVUPCOMING and WP:TVOVERVIEW!--> }}</onlyinclude> ==Films== In 26 November 2007, he added ''Berry & Bitty in Wonderland'', creator [[Justin Fletcher]] had the 2026 [[Pixar]] film ''The Beast of Mossy Bottom'' released on 2 December 2026. ==References== <references /> [[Category:21st-century South African television series]] [[Category:2000s animated comedy television series]] [[Category:2005 television series debuts]] [[Category:2010s South African television series]] [[Category:2010s animated comedy television series]] [[Category:2020s South African television series]] [[Category:2020s animated comedy television series]] [[Category:South African television series]] [[Category:Animated comedy television series]] [[Category:Television spin-offs]] soyom3cvqtu6swifqamr49v2j2z9ysp 0 1225831 10882451 10828006 2026-06-09T16:39:37Z ZVXQZVXQ 1661424 10882451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = FEX | image = FEX band logo.svg | caption = Logo designed by Hans-Reimer Sievers around 1983 | origin = [[Kiel]], [[Germany]] | genre = * [[New wave music|New wave]] * [[Post-punk]] | years_active = 1982-1988<br>2024-present | current_members = Ture Rückwardt, Michael Hädrich, Norbert Ziermann | past_members = Hans-Reimer Sievers (1983-1988, 2024-2025), Ilona Rückwardt (1983-1984), Dirk Reichardt (1985-1988) }} '''Fex''' (often stylized as '''FEX''') is a [[Rock music|rock]] band, formed in [[Kiel]] back in late-1983.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FEX discography - RYM/Sonemic|url=https://rateyourmusic.com/artist/fex-1|access-date=2025-10-05|website=Rate Your Music|language=en}}</ref> They are best known for the song "[[Subways of your Mind|Subways of Your Mind]]", which is notorious for its 17-year-long online search.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-11-06|title="Most mysterious song on the internet" identified after 17 years — and the band was oblivious to the online phenomenon - CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mystery-song-identified-subways-of-your-mind-fex/|access-date=2025-10-05|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> During this period, the song earned the nickname "The Most Mysterious Song on the Internet", until its identification on 4 November 2024. FEX recorded a demo version of the song around summer of 1984, likely in August of that year,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reddit - The heart of the internet|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/TheMysteriousSong/comments/1hj9rrh/details_on_fex_recordings/|access-date=2025-10-05|website=www.reddit.com}}</ref> and the studio version was recorded in November 1984<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reddit - The heart of the internet|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/TheMysteriousSong/comments/1nx9kv9/the_fex_tape_that_was_sold_at_concerts_in_1985_is/|access-date=2025-10-05|website=www.reddit.com}}</ref> and featured on their self-titled [[Extended play|EP]] from 1985, as well as other songs such as "Heart in Danger", "Talking Hands" (these two were also recorded in November 1984), "Jenny", "I Got my Eyes on You" and "Goldrush".<ref>{{Citation|title=Fex - Fex|date=1985|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/31772297-Fex-Fex|language=en|access-date=2025-10-05}}</ref> == Discography == === Albums and EPs === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Released !Label |- |''FEX'' |1985 |N/A |- |''Skyscraper'' |2025 |[[The Outer Edge]] |- |''More Waves from the Past'' |2025 |The Outer Edge |} === Singles === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Released !Label |- |"Subways of Your Mind" b/w "Heart in Danger" |2024 |The Outer Edge |- |"Subways of Your Mind (Live)" |2024 |N/A |- |"Subways of Your Mind (TMMS Version)" |2025 |The Outer Edge |- |"Dead End" b/w "Sarah" |2025 |The Outer Edge |} === Songs === ==== Released ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Album/EP/Single/etc. !Released !Duration |- |"Jenny" |''Zeus Top Hits'' |1985 |3:47 |- |"Subways of Your Mind" |''FEX'' |2024 |3:53 |- |"Heart in Danger" |''FEX'' |2024 |4:37 |- |"Subways of Your Mind" (NDR version) |''Subways of Your Mind (TMMS Version)'' |2025 |3:06 |- |"Talking Hands" |''FEX'' |2025 |4:01 |- |"Skyscraper" |''Skyscraper'' |2025 |3:43 |- |"Goldrush" |''FEX'' |2025 |3:25 |- |"I Got my Eyes on You" |''Skyscraper'' |2025 |5:01 |- |"Dirty Slapstick |''Skyscraper'' |2025 |2:11 |- |"Strange Feeling" |''Skyscraper'' |2025 |3:46 |- |"Promise" |''More Waves from the Past'' |2025 |2:38 |- |"Persecution Mania" |''More Waves from the Past'' |2025 |3:20 |- |"Cold Dreams" |''More Waves from the Past'' |2025 |3:01 |- |"It's Good to Know" |''More Waves from the Past'' |2025 |2:35 |- |"Dead End" |''Dead End'' |2025 |3:14 |- |"Sarah" |''Dead End'' |2025 |3:32 |} ==== Unreleased ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Title !Recorded !Duration |- |"Subways of Your Mind" (unplugged rehearsal) |2024 |2:59 |- |"Subways of Your Mind" (Heikendorf rehearsal) |1984 |4:25 |- |"Jenny" (Heikendorf demo) |N/A |N/A |- |"We Don't Want It No More" |1985 |4:29 |- |"Right and Wrong" |c. 1985 |6:27 |- |"Don't Call Me Loser" |1984 |3:15 |- |"Hard Ride" |1984 |3:00 |- |"Second Hand Love" |1984 |3:25 |- |"Influence" |1984 |4:15 |- |"Waiting Song" |1984 |4:15 |- |"Talk About" |1984 |3:50 |- |"Killing Joke" |1984 |2:50 |- |"Epcot" |1984 |N/A |} == Related pages == * [[Lostwave]] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0TJXIWRrk4 Subways Of Your Mind] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUAldzxk_5I Subways Of Your Mind (NDR Version)] * [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCg9_oOwF7oa9AQXtc2Uw-Lg FEX YouTube channel] == References == <references /> [[Category:Musical groups established in 1983]] [[Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1988]] [[Category:1983 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Establishments in West Germany]] [[Category:Disestablishments in West Germany]] [[Category:Musical groups established in 2024]] [[Category:2024 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:21st-century establishments in Germany]] rmzcbzx5s7wi64035rlhc2mjyx05kka 2 1226075 10882869 10788989 2026-06-10T02:59:06Z ShadowBallX 1035196 10882869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User:ShadowBallX/Navbox}} ==FIFA== ===FIFA World Cup=== {{Navbox |name = FIFA World Cup squad templates |title = [[FIFA World Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1= By tournament |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1930 |list1 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:France squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Peru]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:United States squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1930 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group2 = 1934 |list2 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Austria squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Egypt]] * [[Template:France squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:United States squad 1934 FIFA World Cup|United States]] |group3 = 1938 |list3 = * [[Template:Belgium squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:Dutch East Indies squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Dutch East Indies]] * [[Template:France squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Norway squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Norway]] * [[Template:Poland squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1938 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] |group4 = 1950 |list4 = * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:England squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:United States squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1950 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group5 = 1954 |list5 = * [[Template:Austria squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:England squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Turkey squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Turkey]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1954 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group6 = 1958 |list6 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Austria squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:England squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Northern Ireland squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Northern Ireland]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Wales squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Wales]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1958 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group7 = 1962 |list7 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:England squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1962 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group8 = 1966 |list8 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:England squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|North Korea]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1966 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] |group9 = 1970 |list9 = * [[Template:Belgium squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:England squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:Israel squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Israel]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Peru]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1970 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] |group10 = 1974 |list10 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:East Germany squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|East Germany]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Poland squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] * [[Template:Zaire squad 1974 FIFA World Cup|Zaire]] |group11 = 1978 |list11 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Austria squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:France squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Peru]] * [[Template:Poland squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1978 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] |group12 = 1982 |list12 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Algeria]] * [[Template:Argentina squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Austria squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:England squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Northern Ireland squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Northern Ireland]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Peru]] * [[Template:Poland squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1982 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group13 = 1986 |list13 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Algeria]] * [[Template:Argentina squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Canada squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:England squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Hungary squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Hungary]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Northern Ireland squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Northern Ireland]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Poland squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1986 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] |group14 = 1990 |list14 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Austria squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Egypt]] * [[Template:England squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Republic of Ireland squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Republic of Ireland]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Soviet Union squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:United States squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:West Germany squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1990 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group15 = 1994 |list15 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Germany squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Greece squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Greece]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Norway squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Norway]] * [[Template:Republic of Ireland squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Republic of Ireland]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:Russia squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Russia]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:United States squad 1994 FIFA World Cup|United States]] |group16 = 1998 |list16 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Austria squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:England squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Italy squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Japan squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Norway squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Norway]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Romania squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Romania]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:Spain squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:United States squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia squad 1998 FIFA World Cup|Yugoslavia]] |group17 = 2002 |list17 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:China squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|China]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Ecuador]] * [[Template:England squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Italy squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Poland squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Republic of Ireland squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Republic of Ireland]] * [[Template:Russia squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Russia]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Senegal]] * [[Template:Slovenia squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Slovenia]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Turkey squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2002 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] |group18 = 2006 |list18 = * [[Template:Angola squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Angola]] * [[Template:Argentina squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Czech Republic squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Czech Republic]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Ecuador]] * [[Template:England squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Ghana]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Italy squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Poland squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Serbia and Montenegro squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Serbia and Montenegro]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Togo]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Ukraine squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|Ukraine]] * [[Template:United States squad 2006 FIFA World Cup|United States]] |group19 = 2010 |list19 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Algeria]] * [[Template:Argentina squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:England squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Ghana]] * [[Template:Greece squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Greece]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Italy squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|North Korea]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Serbia squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Serbia]] * [[Template:Slovakia squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Slovakia]] * [[Template:Slovenia squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Slovenia]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:United States squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2010 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] |group20 = 2014 |list20 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Algeria]] * [[Template:Argentina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Bosnia and Herzegovina squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Ecuador]] * [[Template:England squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Ghana]] * [[Template:Greece squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Greece]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Italy squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Russia squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Russia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:United States squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2014 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] |group21 = 2018 |list21 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Egypt]] * [[Template:England squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Peru]] * [[Template:Poland squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Senegal]] * [[Template:Serbia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Serbia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2018 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] |group22 = 2022 |list22 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Ecuador]] * [[Template:England squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Ghana]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Poland squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Poland]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Senegal]] * [[Template:Serbia squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Serbia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:United States squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Wales squad 2022 FIFA World Cup|Wales]] |group23 = 2026 |list23 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Algeria]] * [[Template:Argentina squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Austria squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Austria]] * [[Template:Belgium squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Belgium]] * [[Template:Bosnia and Herzegovina squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Cape Verde squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Cape Verde]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Croatia squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Croatia]] * [[Template:Curaçao squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Curaçao]] * [[Template:Czech Republic squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Czech Republic]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Egypt]] * [[Template:England squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|England]] * [[Template:France squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|France]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Ghana]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Jordan squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Jordan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Morocco]] * [[Template:Netherlands squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Netherlands]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Norway squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Norway]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Scotland squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Scotland]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Turkey squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2026 FIFA World Cup|Uzbekistan]] }} }} ===FIFA Confederations Cup=== {{Navbox |name = FIFA Confederations Cup squad templates |title = [[FIFA Confederations Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1= King Fahd Cup |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1992 |list1 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1992 King Fahd Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1992 King Fahd Cup|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1992 King Fahd Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:United States squad 1992 King Fahd Cup|United States]] |group2 = 1995 |list2 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1995 King Fahd Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Denmark squad 1995 King Fahd Cup|Denmark]] * [[Template:Japan squad 1995 King Fahd Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1995 King Fahd Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1995 King Fahd Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1995 King Fahd Cup|Saudi Arabia]] }} |group2= FIFA Confederations Cup |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1997 |list1 = * [[Template:Australia squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Czech Republic squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|Czech Republic]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|Uruguay]] |group2 = 1999 |list2 = * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|Egypt]] * [[Template:Germany squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:United States squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup|United States]] |group3 = 2001 |list3 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:France squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|France]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup|South Korea]] |group4 = 2003 |list4 = * [[Template:Brazil squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:France squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|France]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Turkey squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States squad 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|United States]] |group5 = 2005 |list5 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Greece squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Greece]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup|Tunisia]] |group6 = 2009 |list6 = * [[Template:Brazil squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|Egypt]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Italy squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:United States squad 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup|United States]] |group7 = 2013 |list7 = * [[Template:Brazil squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Italy squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Italy]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Spain squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Spain]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup|Uruguay]] |group8 = 2017 |list8 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Chile]] * [[Template:Germany squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Germany]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Portugal squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Portugal]] * [[Template:Russia squad 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup|Russia]] }} }} ==Summer Olympics== {{Navbox |name = Football at the Summer Olympics squad templates |title = [[Football at the Summer Olympics]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1= Olympic Games |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1900 |list1 = * [[Template:Belgium football squad 1900 Summer Olympics|Belgium]] * [[Template:France football squad 1900 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1900 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] |group2 = 1904 |list2 = * [[Template:Canada football squad 1904 Summer Olympics|Canada]] * [[Template:United States (Christian Brothers College) football squad 1904 Summer Olympics|United States (Christian Brothers College)]] * [[Template:United States (St. Rose Parish) football squad 1904 Summer Olympics|United States (St. Rose Parish)]] |group3 = 1908 |list3 = * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1908 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:France football squad 1908 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:France B football squad 1908 Summer Olympics|France B]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1908 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1908 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1908 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] |group4 = 1912 |list4 = * [[Template:Austria football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Austria]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:Finland football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Finland]] * [[Template:Germany football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Germany]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Norway football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Norway]] * [[Template:Russian Empire football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Russian Empire]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1912 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] |group5 = 1920 |list5 = * [[Template:Belgium football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Belgium]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:France football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Greece football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Greece]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Luxembourg football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Luxembourg]] * [[Template:Norway football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Norway]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1920 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group6 = 1924 |list6 = * [[Template:Belgium football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Belgium]] * [[Template:Bulgaria football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:Estonia football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Estonia]] * [[Template:France football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Ireland football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Ireland]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Latvia football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Latvia]] * [[Template:Lithuania football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Lithuania]] * [[Template:Luxembourg football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Luxembourg]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Romania football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Romania]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:Switzerland football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Turkey football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1924 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group7 = 1928 |list7 = * [[Template:Argentina football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Belgium football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Belgium]] * [[Template:Chile football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Chile]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:France football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Germany football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Germany]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Luxembourg football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Luxembourg]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Portugal football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Portugal]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Switzerland]] * [[Template:Turkey football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1928 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group8 = 1936 |list8 = * [[Template:Austria football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Austria]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:Finland football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Finland]] * [[Template:Germany football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Germany]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Japan football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Luxembourg football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Luxembourg]] * [[Template:Norway football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Norway]] * [[Template:Peru football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Peru]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Republic of China football squad 1936 Summer Olympic|Republic of China]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:Turkey football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1936 Summer Olympics|United States]] |group9 = 1948 |list9 = * [[Template:Afghanistan football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Afghanistan]] * [[Template:Austria football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Austria]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:France football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:India football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|India]] * [[Template:Ireland football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Ireland]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Luxembourg football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Luxembourg]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Republic of China football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Republic of China]] * [[Template:South Korea football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:Turkey football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1948 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group10 = 1952 |list10 = * [[Template:Austria football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Austria]] * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Chile football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Chile]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:Finland football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Finland]] * [[Template:France football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Germany football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Germany]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Greece football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Greece]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:India football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|India]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Luxembourg football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Luxembourg]] * [[Template:Netherlands football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:Netherlands Antilles football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Netherlands Antilles]] * [[Template:Norway football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Norway]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Romania football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Romania]] * [[Template:Soviet Union football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:Turkey football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Turkey]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1952 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group11 = 1956 |list11 = * [[Template:Australia football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Bulgaria football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:India football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|India]] * [[Template:Indonesia football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Indonesia]] * [[Template:Japan football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Soviet Union football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Thailand football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Thailand]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:United Team of Germany football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|United Team of Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1956 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group12 = 1960 |list12 = * [[Template:Argentina football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:Formosa football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Formosa (Taiwan)]] * [[Template:France football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Great Britain football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:India football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|India]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Peru football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Peru]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Tunisia football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Turkey football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Turkey]] * [[Template:United Arab Republic football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|United Arab Republic]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1960 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group13 = 1964 |list13 = * [[Template:Argentina football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:Ghana football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Ghana]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Iran football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Iran]] * [[Template:Japan football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:Romania football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Romania]] * [[Template:South Korea football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:United Arab Republic football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|United Arab Republic]] * [[Template:United Team of Germany football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|United Team of Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1964 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group14 = 1968 |list14 = * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Bulgaria football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Bulgaria]] * [[Template:Colombia football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Colombia]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:El Salvador football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|El Salvador]] * [[Template:France football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Ghana football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guatemala football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Guinea football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Guinea]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Israel football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Israel]] * [[Template:Japan football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nigeria football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Thailand football squad 1968 Summer Olympics|Thailand]] |group15 = 1972 |list15 = * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Burma football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Burma]] * [[Template:Colombia football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Colombia]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:East Germany football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|East Germany]] * [[Template:Ghana football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Ghana]] * [[Template:Hungary football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Iran football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Iran]] * [[Template:Malaysia football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Malaysia]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Soviet Union football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Sudan football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|Sudan]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:West Germany football squad 1972 Summer Olympics|West Germany]] |group16 = 1976 |list16 = * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Canada football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Canada]] * [[Template:Cuba football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Cuba]] * [[Template:France football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:East Germany football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|East Germany]] * [[Template:Guatemala football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Iran football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Iran]] * [[Template:Israel football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Israel]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:North Korea football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|North Korea]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Soviet Union football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1976 Summer Olympics|Spain]] |group17 = 1980 |list17 = * [[Template:Algeria football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Algeria]] * [[Template:Colombia football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Cuba]] * [[Template:Czechoslovakia football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Czechoslovakia]] * [[Template:East Germany football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|East Germany]] * [[Template:Finland football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Finland]] * [[Template:Iraq football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Iraq]] * [[Template:Kuwait football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Nigeria football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Soviet Union football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Syria football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Syria]] * [[Template:Venezuela football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Venezuela]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] * [[Template:Zambia football squad 1980 Summer Olympics|Zambia]] |group18 = 1984 |list18 = * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Canada football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Canada]] * [[Template:Chile football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Chile]] * [[Template:Costa Rica football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:France football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Iraq football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Iraq]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Morocco football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:Norway football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Norway]] * [[Template:Qatar football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:West Germany football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1984 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] |group19 = 1988 |list19 = * [[Template:Argentina football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:China football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|China]] * [[Template:Guatemala football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Iraq football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Iraq]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Nigeria football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:South Korea football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Soviet Union football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Soviet Union]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:Tunisia football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Tunisia]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:West Germany football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|West Germany]] * [[Template:Yugoslavia football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Yugoslavia]] * [[Template:Zambia football squad 1988 Summer Olympics|Zambia]] |group20 = 1992 |list20 = * [[Template:Australia football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Colombia football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Colombia]] * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:Egypt football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Ghana]] * [[Template:Italy football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Kuwait football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Mexico football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:Paraguay football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Poland football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Poland]] * [[Template:Qatar football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Qatar]] * [[Template:South Korea football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Sweden football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] * [[Template:United States football squad 1992 Summer Olympics|United States]] |group21 = 1996 |list21 = * [[Template:Argentina men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:France men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Ghana men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Ghana]] * [[Template:Hungary men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Hungary]] * [[Template:Italy men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nigeria men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Portugal men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Portugal]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Tunisia men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|Tunisia]] * [[Template:United States men's football squad 1996 Summer Olympics|United States]] |group22 = 2000 |list22 = * [[Template:Australia men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Chile men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Chile]] * [[Template:Czech Republic men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Czech Republic]] * [[Template:Honduras men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Honduras]] * [[Template:Italy men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Kuwait men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Morocco men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Slovakia men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Slovakia]] * [[Template:South Africa men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|South Africa]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:United States men's football squad 2000 Summer Olympics|United States]] |group23 = 2004 |list23 = * [[Template:Argentina men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ghana men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Ghana]] * [[Template:Greece men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Greece]] * [[Template:Iraq men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Iraq]] * [[Template:Italy men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mali men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Mali]] * [[Template:Mexico men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:Paraguay men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Portugal men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Portugal]] * [[Template:Serbia and Montenegro men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Serbia and Montenegro]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Tunisia men's football squad 2004 Summer Olympics|Tunisia]] |group24 = 2008 |list24 = * [[Template:Argentina men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Belgium men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Belgium]] * [[Template:Brazil men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Cameroon men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Cameroon]] * [[Template:China men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|China]] * [[Template:Honduras men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Honduras]] * [[Template:Italy men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Italy]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Netherlands men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Netherlands]] * [[Template:New Zealand men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Nigeria men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Serbia men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|Serbia]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:United States men's football squad 2008 Summer Olympics|United States]] |group25 = 2012 |list25 = * [[Template:Belarus men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Belarus]] * [[Template:Brazil men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Egypt men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:Gabon men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Gabon]] * [[Template:Great Britain men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Great Britain]] * [[Template:Honduras men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Honduras]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Morocco men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:New Zealand men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Senegal men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Switzerland men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Switzerland]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uruguay men's football squad 2012 Summer Olympics|Uruguay]] |group26 = 2016 |list26 = * [[Template:Algeria men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Algeria]] * [[Template:Argentina men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Colombia men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Colombia]] * [[Template:Denmark men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Denmark]] * [[Template:Fiji men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Fiji]] * [[Template:Germany men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Germany]] * [[Template:Honduras men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Honduras]] * [[Template:Iraq men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nigeria men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Portugal men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Portugal]] * [[Template:South Africa men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|South Africa]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Sweden men's football squad 2016 Summer Olympics|Sweden]] |group27 = 2020 |list27 = * [[Template:Argentina men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Australia men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Australia]] * [[Template:Brazil men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Brazil]] * [[Template:Egypt men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:France men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Germany men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Germany]] * [[Template:Honduras men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Honduras]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Mexico]] * [[Template:New Zealand men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Romania men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Romania]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Africa men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|South Africa]] * [[Template:South Korea men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|South Korea]] * [[Template:Spain men's football squad 2020 Summer Olympics|Spain]] |group28 = 2024 |list28 = * [[Template:Argentina men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Argentina]] * [[Template:Dominican Republic men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Dominican Republic]] * [[Template:Egypt men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Egypt]] * [[Template:France men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|France]] * [[Template:Guinea men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Guinea]] * [[Template:Iraq men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Iraq]] * [[Template:Israel men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Israel]] * [[Template:Japan men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Japan]] * [[Template:Mali men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Morocco]] * [[Template:New Zealand men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Paraguay men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Spain men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Spain]] * [[Template:Ukraine men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Ukraine]] * [[Template:United States men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|United States]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan men's football squad 2024 Summer Olympics|Uzbekistan]] }} |group2= Intercalated Games |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1906 |list1 = * [[Template:Denmark football squad 1906 Intercalated Games|Denmark]] * [[Template:Greece (Athens) football squad 1906 Intercalated Games|Greece (Athens)]] * [[Template:Greece (Smyrna) football squad 1906 Intercalated Games|Greece (Smyrna)]] * [[Template:Greece (Thessaloniki) football squad 1906 Intercalated Games|Greece (Thessaloniki)]] }} }} ==Europe== ===UEFA European Championship=== {{Template:UEFA European Championship templates}} ==South America== ===Copa América=== {{Navbox |name = Copa América squad templates |title = [[Copa América]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1= South American<br>Championship |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1916 |list1 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1916 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1916 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1916 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1916 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group2 = 1917 |list2 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1917 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1917 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1917 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1917 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group3 = 1919 |list3 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1919 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1919 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1919 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1919 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group4 = 1920 |list4 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1920 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1920 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1920 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1920 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group5 = 1921 |list5 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1921 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1921 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1921 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1921 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group6 = 1922 |list6 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1922 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1922 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1922 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1922 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1922 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group7 = 1923 |list7 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1923 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1923 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1923 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1923 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group8 = 1924 |list8 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1924 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1924 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1924 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1924 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group9 = 1925 |list9 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1925 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1925 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1925 South American Championship|Paraguay]] |group10 = 1926 |list10 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1926 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1926 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1926 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1926 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1926 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group11 = 1927 |list11 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1927 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1927 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1927 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1927 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group12 = 1929 |list12 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1929 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1929 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1929 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1929 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group13 = 1935 |list13 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1935 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1935 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1935 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1935 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group14 = 1937 |list14 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1937 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1937 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1937 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1937 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1937 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1937 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group15 = 1939 |list15 = * [[Template:Chile squad 1939 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1939 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1939 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1939 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1939 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group16 = 1941 |list16 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1941 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1941 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1941 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1941 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1941 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group17 = 1942 |list17 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1942 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1942 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1942 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1942 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1942 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1942 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1942 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group18 = 1945 |list18 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1945 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1945 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1945 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1945 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1945 South American Championship|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1945 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1945 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group19 = 1946 |list19 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1946 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1946 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1946 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1946 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1946 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1946 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group20 = 1947 |list20 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1947 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1947 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1947 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1947 South American Championship|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1947 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1947 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1947 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1947 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group21 = 1949 |list21 = * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1949 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1949 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1949 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1949 South American Championship|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1949 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1949 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1949 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1949 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group22 = 1953 |list22 = * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1953 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1953 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1953 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1953 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1953 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1953 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1953 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group23 = 1955 |list23 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1955 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1955 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1955 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1955 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1955 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1955 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group24 = 1956 |list24 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1956 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1956 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1956 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1956 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1956 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1956 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group25 = 1957 |list25 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1957 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1957 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1957 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1957 South American Championship|Colombia]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1957 South American Championship|Peru]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1957 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1957 South American Championship|Uruguay]] |group26 = 1959 (A) |list26 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1959 South American Championship (Argentina)|Uruguay]] |group27 = 1959 (E) |list27 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|Argentina]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|Brazil]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1959 South American Championship (Ecuador)|Uruguay]] |group28 = 1963 |list28 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1963 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1963 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1963 South American Championship|Brazil]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1963 South American Championship|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1963 South American Championship|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1963 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1963 South American Championship|Peru]] |group29 = 1967 |list29 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1967 South American Championship|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1967 South American Championship|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1967 South American Championship|Chile]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1967 South American Championship|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1967 South American Championship|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1967 South American Championship|Venezuela]] }} |group2= Copa America |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1975 |list1 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1975 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1975 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1975 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1975 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1975 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1975 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1975 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1975 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1975 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1975 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group2 = 1979 |list2 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1979 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1979 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1979 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1979 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1979 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1979 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1979 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1979 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1979 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1979 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group3 = 1983 |list3 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1983 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1983 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1983 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1983 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1983 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1983 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1983 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1983 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1983 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1983 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group4 = 1987 |list4 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1987 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1987 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1987 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1987 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1987 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1987 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1987 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1987 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1987 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1987 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group5 = 1989 |list5 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1989 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1989 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1989 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1989 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1989 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1989 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1989 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1989 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1989 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1989 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group6 = 1991 |list6 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1991 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1991 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1991 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1991 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1991 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1991 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1991 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1991 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1991 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1991 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group7 = 1993 |list7 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1993 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1993 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1993 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1993 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1993 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1993 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1993 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1993 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1993 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:United States squad 1993 Copa América|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1993 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1993 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group8 = 1995 |list8 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1995 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1995 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1995 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1995 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1995 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1995 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1995 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1995 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1995 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1995 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:United States squad 1995 Copa América|United States]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1995 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group9 = 1997 |list9 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1997 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1997 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1997 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1997 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1997 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1997 Copa América|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1997 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1997 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1997 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1997 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1997 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1997 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group10 = 1999 |list10 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 1999 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 1999 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 1999 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 1999 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 1999 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 1999 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Japan squad 1999 Copa América|Japan]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1999 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 1999 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 1999 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 1999 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 1999 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group11 = 2001 |list11 = * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2001 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2001 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2001 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2001 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2001 Copa América|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2001 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2001 Copa América|Honduras]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2001 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2001 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2001 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2001 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2001 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group12 = 2004 |list12 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2004 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2004 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2004 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2004 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2004 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2004 Copa América|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2004 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2004 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2004 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2004 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2004 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2004 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group13 = 2007 |list13 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2007 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2007 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2007 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2007 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2007 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2007 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2007 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2007 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2007 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:United States squad 2007 Copa América|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2007 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2007 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group14 = 2011 |list14 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2011 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2011 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2011 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2011 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2011 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2011 Copa América|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2011 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2011 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2011 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2011 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2011 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2011 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group15 = 2015 |list15 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2015 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2015 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2015 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2015 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2015 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2015 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2015 Copa América|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2015 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2015 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2015 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2015 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2015 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group16 = Centenario |list16 = * [[Template:Argentina squad Copa América Centenario|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad Copa América Centenario|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad Copa América Centenario|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad Copa América Centenario|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad Copa América Centenario|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad Copa América Centenario|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad Copa América Centenario|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Haiti squad Copa América Centenario|Haiti]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad Copa América Centenario|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad Copa América Centenario|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad Copa América Centenario|Panama]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad Copa América Centenario|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad Copa América Centenario|Peru]] * [[Template:United States squad Copa América Centenario|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad Copa América Centenario|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad Copa América Centenario|Venezuela]] |group17 = 2019 |list17 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2019 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2019 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2019 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2019 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2019 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2019 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2019 Copa América|Japan]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2019 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2019 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2019 Copa América|Qatar]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2019 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2019 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group18 = 2021 |list18 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2021 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2021 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2021 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2021 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2021 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2021 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2021 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2021 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2021 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2021 Copa América|Venezuela]] |group19 = 2024 |list19 = * [[Template:Argentina squad 2024 Copa América|Argentina]] * [[Template:Bolivia squad 2024 Copa América|Bolivia]] * [[Template:Brazil squad 2024 Copa América|Brazil]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2024 Copa América|Canada]] * [[Template:Chile squad 2024 Copa América|Chile]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2024 Copa América|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2024 Copa América|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2024 Copa América|Ecuador]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2024 Copa América|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2024 Copa América|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2024 Copa América|Panama]] * [[Template:Paraguay squad 2024 Copa América|Paraguay]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2024 Copa América|Peru]] * [[Template:United States squad 2024 Copa América|United States]] * [[Template:Uruguay squad 2024 Copa América|Uruguay]] * [[Template:Venezuela squad 2024 Copa América|Venezuela]] }} }} ==Africa== ===Africa Cup of Nations=== {{Navbox |name = Africa Cup of Nations squad templates |title = [[Africa Cup of Nations]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 1957 |list1 = * [[Template:Egypt squad 1957 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ethiopia squad 1957 African Cup of Nations|Ethiopia]] * [[Template:Sudan squad 1957 African Cup of Nations|Sudan]] |group2 = 1959 |list2 = * Ethiopia * [[Template:Sudan squad 1959 African Cup of Nations|Sudan]] * United Arab Republic |group3 = 1962 |list3 = * Ethiopia * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1962 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * Uganda * United Arab Republic |group4 = 1963 |list4 = * Ethiopia * Ghana * Nigeria * [[Template:Sudan squad 1963 African Cup of Nations|Sudan]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1963 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * United Arab Republic |group5 = 1965 |list5 = * Congo-Léopoldville * Ethiopia * [[Template:Ghana squad 1965 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * Ivory Coast * Senegal * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1965 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] |group6 = 1968 |list6 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1968 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * Congo-Brazzaville * Congo-Kinshasa * Ethiopia * [[Template:Ghana squad 1968 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * Ivory Coast * Senegal * Uganda |group7 = 1970 |list7 = * Cameroon * Congo-Kinshasa * Ethiopia * [[Template:Ghana squad 1970 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 1970 African Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * Ivory Coast * Sudan * United Arab Republic |group8 = 1972 |list8 = * Cameroon * Congo * Kenya * Mali * Morocco * Sudan * Togo * Zaire |group9 = 1974 |list9 = * Congo * Egypt * [[Template:Guinea squad 1974 African Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * Ivory Coast * Mauritius * Uganda * [[Template:Zaire squad 1974 African Cup of Nations|Zaire]] * Zambia |group10 = 1976 |list10 = * Egypt * Ethiopia * [[Template:Guinea squad 1976 African Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1976 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * Nigeria * Sudan * Uganda * Zaire |group11 = 1978 |list11 = * Congo * [[Template:Ghana squad 1978 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * Morocco * Nigeria * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1978 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * Uganda * Upper Volta * Zambia |group12 = 1980 |list12 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1980 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * Egpyt * [[Template:Ghana squad 1980 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * Guinea * Ivory Coast * Morocco * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1980 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * Tanzania |group13 = 1982 |list13 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1982 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * Cameroon * Ethiopia * [[Template:Ghana squad 1982 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Libya squad 1982 African Cup of Nations|Libya]] * Nigeria * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1982 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * Zambia |group14 = 1984 |list14 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1984 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * Cameroon * Egypt * [[Template:Ghana squad 1984 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * Ivory Coast * Malawi * Nigeria * Togo |group15 = 1986 |list15 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1986 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1986 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1986 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * Ivory Coast * [[Template:Morocco squad 1986 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * Mozambique * Senegal * [[Template:Zambia squad 1986 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group16 = 1988 |list16 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Kenya squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Kenya]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Zaire squad 1988 African Cup of Nations|Zaire]] |group17 = 1990 |list17 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Kenya squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Kenya]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 1990 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group18 = 1992 |list18 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Congo squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Kenya squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Kenya]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:Zaire squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Zaire]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 1992 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group19 = 1994 |list19 = * [[Template:Egypt squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:Sierra Leone squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Sierra Leone]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zaire squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Zaire]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 1994 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group20 = 1996 |list20 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Liberia squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Liberia]] * [[Template:Mozambique squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Mozambique]] * [[Template:Sierra Leone squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Sierra Leone]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zaire squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Zaire]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 1996 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group21 = 1998 |list21 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Mozambique squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Mozambique]] * [[Template:Namibia squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Namibia]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Togo squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 1998 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group22 = 2000 |list22 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Congo squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Congo]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2000 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group23 = 2002 |list23 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Liberia squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Liberia]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2002 African Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group24 = 2004 |list24 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Benin squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Benin]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Kenya squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Kenya]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Rwanda squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Rwanda]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zimbabwe squad 2004 African Cup of Nations|Zimbabwe]] |group25 = 2006 |list25 = * [[Template:Angola squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Libya squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Libya]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] * [[Template:Zimbabwe squad 2006 Africa Cup of Nations|Zimbabwe]] |group26 = 2008 |list26 = * [[Template:Angola squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Benin squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Benin]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Namibia squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Namibia]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Sudan squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Sudan]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2008 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group27 = 2010 |list27 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Benin squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Benin]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Malawi squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Malawi]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Mozambique squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Mozambique]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group28 = 2012 |list28 = * [[Template:Angola squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Botswana squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Botswana]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Equatorial Guinea squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Libya squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Libya]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Niger squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Niger]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:Sudan squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Sudan]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2012 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group29 = 2013 |list29 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cape Verde squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Cape Verde]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Ethiopia squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Ethiopia]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Niger squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Niger]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group30 = 2015 |list30 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Cape Verde squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Cape Verde]] * [[Template:Congo squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Congo]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Equatorial Guinea squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2015 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group31 = 2017 |list31 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea-Bissau squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea-Bissau]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:Togo squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Togo]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Uganda squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Uganda]] * [[Template:Zimbabwe squad 2017 Africa Cup of Nations|Zimbabwe]] |group32 = 2019 |list32 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Benin squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Benin]] * [[Template:Burundi squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Burundi]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Guinea-Bissau squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea-Bissau]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Kenya squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Kenya]] * [[Template:Madagascar squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Madagascar]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Mauritania squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Mauritania]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Namibia squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Namibia]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Tanzania squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Tanzania]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Uganda squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Uganda]] * [[Template:Zimbabwe squad 2019 Africa Cup of Nations|Zimbabwe]] |group33 = 2021 |list33 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Cape Verde squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Cape Verde]] * [[Template:Comoros squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Comoros]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Equatorial Guinea squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Template:Ethiopia squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Ethiopia]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Gambia squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Gambia]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Guinea-Bissau squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Malawi squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Malawi]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Mauritania squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Mauritania]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:Sierra Leone squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Sierra Leone]] * [[Template:Sudan squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Sudan]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zimbabwe squad 2021 Africa Cup of Nations|Zimbabwe]] |group34 = 2023 |list34 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Cape Verde squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Cape Verde]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Equatorial Guinea squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Template:Gambia squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Gambia]] * [[Template:Ghana squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Ghana]] * [[Template:Guinea squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea]] * [[Template:Guinea-Bissau squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Guinea-Bissau]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Mauritania squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Mauritania]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Mozambique squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Mozambique]] * [[Template:Namibia squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Namibia]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Tanzania squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Tanzania]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2023 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] |group35 = 2025 |list35 = * [[Template:Algeria squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Algeria]] * [[Template:Angola squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Angola]] * [[Template:Benin squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Benin]] * [[Template:Botswana squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Botswana]] * [[Template:Burkina Faso squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Burkina Faso]] * [[Template:Cameroon squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Cameroon]] * [[Template:Comoros squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Comoros]] * [[Template:DR Congo squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|DR Congo]] * [[Template:Egypt squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Egypt]] * [[Template:Equatorial Guinea squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Template:Gabon squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Gabon]] * [[Template:Ivory Coast squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Ivory Coast]] * [[Template:Mali squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Mali]] * [[Template:Morocco squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Morocco]] * [[Template:Mozambique squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Mozambique]] * [[Template:Nigeria squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Nigeria]] * [[Template:Senegal squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Senegal]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|South Africa]] * [[Template:Sudan squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Sudan]] * [[Template:Tanzania squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Tanzania]] * [[Template:Tunisia squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Tunisia]] * [[Template:Uganda squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Uganda]] * [[Template:Zambia squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Zambia]] * [[Template:Zimbabwe squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations|Zimbabwe]] }} ==Asia== ===AFC Asian Cup=== {{Navbox |name = AFC Asian Cup squad templates |title = [[AFC Asian Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 1956 |list1 = * [[Template:Hong Kong squad 1956 AFC Asian Cup|Hong Kong]] * [[Template:Israel squad 1956 AFC Asian Cup|Israel]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1956 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:South Vietnam squad 1956 AFC Asian Cup|South Vietnam]] |group2 = 1960 |list2 = * [[Template:Israel squad 1960 AFC Asian Cup|Israel]] * [[Template:Republic of China squad 1960 AFC Asian Cup|Republic of China]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1960 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:South Vietnam squad 1960 AFC Asian Cup|South Vietnam]] |group3 = 1964 |list3 = * [[Template:Hong Kong squad 1964 AFC Asian Cup|Hong Kong]] * [[Template:India squad 1964 AFC Asian Cup|India]] * [[Template:Israel squad 1964 AFC Asian Cup|Israel]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1964 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] |group4 = 1968 |list4 = * [[Template:Burma squad 1968 AFC Asian Cup|Burma]] * [[Template:Hong Kong squad 1968 AFC Asian Cup|Hong Kong]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1968 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Israel squad 1968 AFC Asian Cup|Israel]] * [[Template:Republic of China squad 1968 AFC Asian Cup|Republic of China]] |group5 = 1972 |list5 = * [[Template:Iran squad 1972 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 1972 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * '''[[Template:Khmer Republic squad 1972 AFC Asian Cup|Khmer Republic]]''' * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1972 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1972 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 1972 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] |group6 = 1976 |list6 = * [[Template:China squad 1976 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1976 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 1976 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1976 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Malaysia squad 1976 AFC Asian Cup|Malaysia]] * '''[[Template:South Yemen squad 1976 AFC Asian Cup|South Yemen]]''' |group7 = 1980 |list7 = * [[Template:Bangladesh squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|Bangladesh]] * [[Template:China squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Malaysia squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|Malaysia]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|North Korea]] * '''[[Template:Qatar squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]]''' * [[Template:South Korea squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1980 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] |group8 = 1984 |list8 = * [[Template:China squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:India squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|India]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Singapore squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|Singapore]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1984 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] |group9 = 1988 |list9 = * [[Template:Bahrain squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Japan squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] |group10 = 1992 |list10 = * [[Template:China squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Japan squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|North Korea]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] |group11 = 1996 |list11 = * [[Template:China squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Indonesia squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Indonesia]] * [[Template:Iran squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] |group12 = 2000 |list12 = * [[Template:China squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Indonesia squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Indonesia]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Lebanon squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Lebanon]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2000 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] |group13 = 2004 |list13 = * [[Template:Bahrain squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Indonesia squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Indonesia]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Jordan squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Jordan]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:Oman squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Oman]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:Turkmenistan squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Turkmenistan]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2004 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] |group14 = 2007 |list14 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Bahrain squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Indonesia squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Indonesia]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Malaysia squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Malaysia]] * [[Template:Oman squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Oman]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] * [[Template:Vietnam squad 2007 AFC Asian Cup|Vietnam]] |group15 = 2011 |list15 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Bahrain squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:India squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|India]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Jordan squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Jordan]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|North Korea]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2011 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] |group16 = 2015 |list16 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Bahrain squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Jordan squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Jordan]] * [[Template:Kuwait squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Kuwait]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|North Korea]] * [[Template:Oman squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Oman]] * [[Template:Palestine squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Palestine]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2015 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] |group17 = 2019 |list17 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Bahrain squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:India squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|India]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Jordan squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Jordan]] * [[Template:Kyrgyzstan squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Kyrgyzstan]] * [[Template:Lebanon squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Lebanon]] * [[Template:North Korea squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|North Korea]] * [[Template:Oman squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Oman]] * [[Template:Palestine squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Palestine]] * [[Template:Philippines squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Philippines]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:Turkmenistan squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Turkmenistan]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] * [[Template:Vietnam squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Vietnam]] * [[Template:Yemen squad 2019 AFC Asian Cup|Yemen]] |group18 = 2023 |list18 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Bahrain squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Bahrain]] * [[Template:China squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|China]] * [[Template:Hong Kong squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Hong Kong]] * [[Template:India squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|India]] * [[Template:Indonesia squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Indonesia]] * [[Template:Iran squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Iran]] * [[Template:Iraq squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Iraq]] * [[Template:Japan squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Japan]] * [[Template:Jordan squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Jordan]] * [[Template:Kyrgyzstan squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Kyrgyzstan]] * [[Template:Lebanon squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Lebanon]] * [[Template:Malaysia squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Malaysia]] * [[Template:Oman squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Oman]] * [[Template:Palestine squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Palestine]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Syria squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Syria]] * [[Template:Tajikistan squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Tajikistan]] * [[Template:Thailand squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Thailand]] * [[Template:United Arab Emirates squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|United Arab Emirates]] * [[Template:Uzbekistan squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Uzbekistan]] * [[Template:Vietnam squad 2023 AFC Asian Cup|Vietnam]] }} ==North America== ===NAFC Championship=== {{Navbox |name = NAFC Championship squad templates |title = [[NAFC Championship]]/[[North American Nations Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1= NAFC Championship |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1947 |list1 = * [[Template:Cuba squad 1947 NAFC Championship|Cuba]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1947 NAFC Championship|Mexico]] * [[Template:United States squad 1947 NAFC Championship|United States]] |group2 = 1949 |list2 = * [[Template:Cuba squad 1949 NAFC Championship|Cuba]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1949 NAFC Championship|Mexico]] * [[Template:United States squad 1949 NAFC Championship|United States]] }} |group2= North American Nations Cup |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1990 |list1 = * [[Template:Canada squad 1990 North American Nations Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1990 North American Nations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:United States squad 1990 North American Nations Cup|United States]] |group2 = 1991 |list2 = * [[Template:Canada squad 1991 North American Nations Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1991 North American Nations Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:United States squad 1991 North American Nations Cup|United States]] }} }} ===CCCF Championship=== {{Navbox |name = CCCF Championship squad templates |title = [[CCCF Championship]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 1941 |list1 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1941 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Curaçao squad 1941 CCCF Championship|Curaçao]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1941 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * Nicaragua * Panama |group2 = 1943 |list2 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1943 CCCF Championship|Costar Rica]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1943 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1943 CCCF Championship|Guatemala]] * Nicaragua |group3 = 1946 |list3 = * Costa Rica * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1946 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1946 CCCF Championship|Guatemala]] * Honduras * Nicaragua * Panama |group4 = 1948 |list4 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1948 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Curaçao squad 1948 CCCF Championship|Curaçao]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1948 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1948 CCCF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Panama squad 1948 CCCF Championship|Panama]] |group5 = 1951 |list5 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1951 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] * Nicaragua * [[Template:Panama squad 1951 CCCF Championship|Panama]] |group6 = 1953 |list6 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1953 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] * Curaçao * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1953 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1953 CCCF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Netherlands Antilles squad 1953 CCCF Championship|Netherlands Antilles]] * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 1953 CCCF Championship|Nicaragua]] * Panama |group7 = 1955 |list7 = * [[Template:Aruba squad 1955 CCCF Championship|Aruba]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1955 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] * Cuba * [[Template:Curaçao squad 1955 CCCF Championship|Curaçao]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1955 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * Guatemala * [[Template:Honduras squad 1955 CCCF Championship|Honduras]] |group8 = 1957 |list8 = * Cuba * [[Template:Curaçao squad 1957 CCCF Championship|Curaçao]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 1957 CCCF Championship|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1957 CCCF Championship|Honduras]] * Panama |group9 = 1960 |list9 = *[[Template:Costa Rica squad 1960 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] *[[Template:Cuba squad 1960 CCCF Championship|Cuba]] *[[Template:Honduras squad 1960 CCCF Championship|Honduras]] * Netherlands Antilles *[[Template:Suriname squad 1960 CCCF Championship|Suriname]] |group10 = 1961 |list10 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1961 CCCF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Honduras]] * [[Template:Netherlands Antilles squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Netherlands Antilles]] * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Nicaragua]] * [[Template:Panama squad 1961 CCCF Championship|Panama]] }} ===CONCACAF Championship=== {{Navbox |name = CONCACAF Championship squad templates |title = [[CONCACAF Championship]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 1963 |list1 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Mexico]] * '''[[Template:Netherlands Antilles squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Netherlands Antilles]]''' * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Nicaragua]] * [[Template:Panama squad 1963 CONCACAF Championship|Panama]] |group2 = 1965 |list2 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1965 CONCACAF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1965 CONCACAF Championship|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1965 CONCACAF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 1965 CONCACAF Championship|Haiti]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1965 CONCACAF Championship|Mexico]] * '''[[Template:Netherlands Antilles squad 1965 CONCACAF Championship|Netherlands Antilles]]''' |group3 = 1967 |list3 = * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1967 CONCACAF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 1967 CONCACAF Championship|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1967 CONCACAF Championship|Honduras]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1967 CONCACAF Championship|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 1967 CONCACAF Championship|Nicaragua]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 1967 CONCACAF Championship|Trinidad and Tobago]] |group4 = 1969 |list4 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1969 CONCACAF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1969 CONCACAF Championship|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 1969 CONCACAF Championship|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1969 CONCACAF Championship|Mexico]] * '''[[Template:Netherlands Antilles squad 1969 CONCACAF Championship|Netherlands Antilles]]''' * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 1969 CONCACAF Championship|Trinidad and Tobago]] |group5 = 1971 |list5 = * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1971 CONCACAF Championship|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 1971 CONCACAF Championship|Cuba]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 1971 CONCACAF Championship|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1971 CONCACAF Championship|Honduras]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1971 CONCACAF Championship|Mexico]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 1971 CONCACAF Championship|Trinidad and Tobago]] |group6 = 1973 |list6 = * Guatemala * Haiti * Honduras * Mexico * Netherlands Antilles * Trinidad and Tobago |group7 = 1977 |list7 = * Canada * El Salvador * Guatemala * Haiti * Mexico * Suriname |group8 = 1981 |list8 = * Canada * Cuba * El Salvador * Haiti * Honduras * Mexico |group9 = 1985 |list9 = * [[Template:Canada squad 1985 CONCACAF Championship|Canada]] * Costa Rica * El Salvador * Guatemala * Haiti * Honduras * Trinidad and Tobago * Suriname * United States |group10 = 1989 |list10 = * Costa Rica * El Salvador * Guatemala * Trinidad and Tobago * United States }} ===CONCACAF Gold Cup=== {{Navbox |name = CONCACAF Gold Cup squad templates |title = [[CONCACAF Gold Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = 1991 |list1 = * [[Template:Canada squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 1991 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group2 = 1993 |list2 = * [[Template:Canada squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:United States squad 1993 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group3 = 1996 |list3 = * [[Template:Brazil squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Canada squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 1996 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group4 = 1998 |list4 = * [[Template:Brazil squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group5 = 2000 |list5 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Peru squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Peru]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group6 = 2002 |list6 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:Ecuador squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Ecuador]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:South Korea squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|South Korea]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group7 = 2003 |list7 = * [[Template:Brazil squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Brazil]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:United States squad 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group8 = 2005 |list8 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Colombia squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Colombia]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:South Africa squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|South Africa]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group9 = 2007 |list9 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guadeloupe squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guadeloupe]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group10 = 2009 |list10 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Grenada squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Grenada]] * [[Template:Guadeloupe squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guadeloupe]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Nicaragua]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:United States squad 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group11 = 2011 |list11 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Grenada squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Grenada]] * [[Template:Guadeloupe squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guadeloupe]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:United States squad 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group12 = 2013 |list12 = * [[Template:Belize squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Belize]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group13 = 2015 |list13 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group14 = 2017 |list14 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Curaçao squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Curaçao]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:French Guiana squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|French Guiana]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Nicaragua]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:United States squad 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group15 = 2019 |list15 = * [[Template:Bermuda squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Bermuda]] * [[Template:Canada squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:Curaçao squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Curaçao]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guyana squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guyana]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Nicaragua squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Nicaragua]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group16 = 2021 |list16 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Grenada squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Grenada]] * [[Template:Guadeloupe squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guadeloupe]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Suriname squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Suriname]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group17 = 2023 |list17 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Cuba squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Cuba]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guadeloupe squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guadeloupe]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Martinique squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Martinique]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Qatar squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Qatar]] * [[Template:Saint Kitts and Nevis squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Saint Kitts and Nevis]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2023 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] |group18 = 2025 |list18 = * [[Template:Canada squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Canada]] * [[Template:Costa Rica squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Costa Rica]] * [[Template:Curaçao squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Curaçao]] * [[Template:Dominican Republic squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Dominican Republic]] * [[Template:El Salvador squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|El Salvador]] * [[Template:Guadeloupe squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guadeloupe]] * [[Template:Guatemala squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Guatemala]] * [[Template:Haiti squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Haiti]] * [[Template:Honduras squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Honduras]] * [[Template:Jamaica squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Jamaica]] * [[Template:Mexico squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Mexico]] * [[Template:Panama squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Panama]] * [[Template:Saudi Arabia squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Saudi Arabia]] * [[Template:Suriname squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Suriname]] * [[Template:Trinidad and Tobago squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|Trinidad and Tobago]] * [[Template:United States squad 2025 CONCACAF Gold Cup|United States]] }} ==Oceania== ===OFC Men's Nations Cup=== {{Navbox |name = OFC Men's Nations Cup squad templates |title = [[OFC Men's Nations Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1= Oceania Cup |list1 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 1973 |list1 = * Fiji * [[Template:New Caledonia squad 1973 Oceania Cup|New Caledonia]] * New Hebrides * [[Template:New Zealand squad 1973 Oceania Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 1973 Oceania Cup|Tahiti]] |group2 = 1980 |list2 = * [[Template:Australia squad 1980 Oceania Cup|Australia]] * Fiji * New Caledonia * New Hebrides * [[Template:New Zealand squad 1980 Oceania Cup|New Zealand]] * Papua New Guinea * Solomon Islands * Tahiti }} |group2= OFC Nations Cup |list2 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group2 = 1996 |list2 = * [[Template:Australia squad 1996 OFC Nations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 1996 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * Solomon Islands * Tahiti |group3 = 1998 |list3 = * [[Template:Australia squad 1998 OFC Nations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Cook Islands squad 1998 OFC Nations Cup|Cook Islands]] * [[Template:Fiji squad 1998 OFC Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 1998 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 1998 OFC Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 1998 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] |group4 = 2000 |list4 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2000 OFC Nations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Cook Islands squad 2000 OFC Nations Cup|Cook Islands]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2000 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Solomon Islands squad 2000 OFC Nations Cup|Solomon Islands]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2000 OFC Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2000 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] |group5 = 2002 |list5 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Fiji squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Caledonia squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|New Caledonia]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Papua New Guinea squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|Papua New Guinea]] * [[Template:Solomon Islands squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|Solomon Islands]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2002 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] |group6 = 2004 |list6 = * [[Template:Australia squad 2004 OFC Nations Cup|Australia]] * [[Template:Fiji squad 2004 OFC Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2004 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Solomon Islands squad 2004 OFC Nations Cup|Solomon Islands]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2004 OFC Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2004 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] |group7 = 2008 |list7 = * [[Template:Fiji squad 2008 OFC Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Caledonia squad 2008 OFC Nations Cup|New Caledonia]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2008 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2008 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] |group8 = 2012 |list8 = * [[Template:Fiji squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Caledonia squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|New Caledonia]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Papua New Guinea squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|Papua New Guinea]] * [[Template:Samoa squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|Samoa]] * [[Template:Solomon Islands squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|Solomon Islands]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2012 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] |group9 = 2016 |list9 = * [[Template:Fiji squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Caledonia squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|New Caledonia]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Papua New Guinea squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|Papua New Guinea]] * [[Template:Samoa squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|Samoa]] * [[Template:Solomon Islands squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|Solomon Islands]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2016 OFC Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] }} |group3= OFC Men's Nations Cup |list3 = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1 = 2024 |list1 = * [[Template:Fiji squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|Fiji]] * [[Template:New Zealand squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|New Zealand]] * [[Template:Papua New Guinea squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|Papua New Guinea]] * [[Template:Samoa squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|Samoa]] * [[Template:Solomon Islands squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|Solomon Islands]] * [[Template:Tahiti squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|Tahiti]] * [[Template:Vanuatu squad 2024 OFC Men's Nations Cup|Vanuatu]] }} }} ==Other== ===Brazil Independence Cup=== {{Navbox |name = Brazil Independence Cup squad templates |title = [[Brazil Independence Cup]] squad templates |state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |listclass = hlist |group1 = |list1 = *[[Template:Argentina squad Brazil Independence Cup|Argentina]] *Africa *Bolivia *Brazil *Chile *Colombia *CONCACAF *Czechoslovakia *Ecuador *France *Iran *Republic of Ireland *Paraguay *Peru *Portugal *Scotland *Soviet Union *Uruguay *Venezuela *Yugoslavia }} 9uy1sonqw5rg599h2w75543r7j74d1c 0 1227862 10882633 10729550 2026-06-09T20:49:51Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Helena Moreno | image = Mayor Helena Moreno 2026 (2).jpg | caption = Moreno in 2026 | office = 63rd [[List of mayors of New Orleans|Mayor of New Orleans]] | term_start = January 12, 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[LaToya Cantrell]] | successor = | office1 = President of the [[New Orleans City Council]] | term_start1 = June 2019 | term_end1 = January 5, 2023 | predecessor1 = [[Jason Williams (politician)|Jason Williams]] | successor1 = [[Jean-Paul Morrell]] | office2 = Member of the [[New Orleans City Council]]<br>from the at-large district<br>Position 1 | term_start2 = June 2018 | term_end2 = January 12, 2026 | predecessor2 = [[Stacy Head]] | successor2 = [[Matthew Willard]] | state_house3 = Louisiana | district3 = 93rd | term_start3 = May 2010 | term_end3 = April 9, 2018 | predecessor3 = [[Karen Carter Peterson]] | successor3 = [[Royce Duplessis]] | birth_name = Helena Nancy Moreno | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|9|30}} | birth_place = [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Chris Meeks | education = [[Southern Methodist University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) }} '''Helena Nancy Moreno''' (born September 30, 1977) is a Mexican-born American politician, former journalist and realtor who has been the mayor of [[New Orleans]] since 2026. She was an at-large member of the [[New Orleans City Council]] from 2017 until 2026. Moreno was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]] from 2010 to 2018.<ref name="NOA_17-10-14">{{cite web |author=Ramon Antonio Vargas |date=October 14, 2017 |title=Helena Moreno wins New Orleans City Council At-Large Division 1 seat, will succeed Stacy Head |url=http://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/news/politics/elections/article_b99cdbcc-b143-11e7-8895-4333d2c4e083.html |accessdate=November 10, 2017 |work=New Orleans Advocate}}</ref> She was city council president from 2019 to 2023. ==Early life== Helena Moreno was born in [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]], Mexico.<ref>[http://www.peoplefinders.com/search/searchpreview.aspx?fn=Nancy&mn=Pearson&ln=moreno&state=&city=&age=&from=FC_0009904&processed=1 Nancy Pearson Moreno on Peoplefinders.com], [http://www.peoplefinders.com/search/searchpreview.aspx?fn=Nancy&mn=Pearson&ln=moreno&state=&city=&age=&from=FC_0009904&processed=1 Felix Moreno on Peoplefinders.com.] Felix Moreno is a Texas [[oilman]], and Nancy Pearson Moreno, who holds a Ph.D. in botany from [[Rice University]], is employed by [[Baylor College of Medicine]].</ref> Her family later moved to [[Houston, Texas]]. In 1999, she earned a degree in mass communication from [[Southern Methodist University]] in [[Dallas]]. She [[internship|interned]] at the [[White House]] for [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Hillary Clinton]]. ==2025 mayoral campaign== On October 8, 2024, Moreno filed paperwork to run for [[Mayor of New Orleans]] in the [[2025 New Orleans mayoral election|2025 election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=James |date=November 8, 2024 |title=Helena Moreno is officially running for New Orleans mayor, documents show |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/new-orleans-helena-moreno-mayor-paperwork/62853951 |accessdate=November 10, 2024 |work=Times-Picayune}}</ref> Moreno was elected mayor of New Orleans in October 2025 with 55% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Metia |date=2025-10-12 |title=Helena Moreno claims victory in New Orleans mayor's race |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/helena-moreno-new-orleans-mayor-winner/69007623 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=WDSU |language=en}}</ref> She is the first [[Hispanic]] person to be elected mayor of New Orleans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://azat.tv/en/helena-moreno-new-orleans-first-hispanic-mayor/|title=Helena Moreno Makes History as New Orleans’ First Hispanic Mayor|date=October 10, 2025|publisher=AZAT.tv|accessdate=October 13, 2025}}</ref> ==Personal life== Moreno lives in the [[Uptown, New Orleans|Uptown neighborhood]] of New Orleans with her husband, Chris Meeks.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Jessica |title=Why Louisiana state Rep. Helena Moreno is seeking New Orleans City Council at-large seat|url=https://www.nola.com/article_a5520070-3397-5089-bd9b-9b2716796af0.html|access-date=November 17, 2020|website=NOLA.com|date=March 9, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In October 2002, Moreno was involved in a car crash that killed a person.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nola.com/news/politics/article_2159e1f9-6b8e-5310-9a6a-f4d63e95255c.html | title=James Perry goes on attack against rival Helena Moreno with fatal traffic accident report | date=May 21, 2010 }}</ref> She was cleared of any criminal charges because the other driver ran a red light.<ref>{{Cite web| title=State of Louisiana - Uniform motor vehicle traffic crash report | url=https://thelensnola.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/full-moreno-report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127042350/http://thelensnola.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/full-moreno-report.pdf | archive-date=2012-01-27}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moreno, Helena}} [[Category:1977 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]] [[Category:People from Veracruz]] [[Category:Politicians from Dallas]] [[Category:Politicians from Houston]] [[Category:Mexican politicians]] [[Category:Mexican journalists]] [[Category:Journalists from Dallas]] [[Category:Journalists from Louisiana]] [[Category:Writers from New Orleans]] [[Category:Writers from Houston]] [[Category:Mayors of New Orleans]] [[Category:Members of the Louisiana State Legislature]] {{US-bio-stub}} 6vima8k8mq3kjiwqsccerd96u9oytsk 10882634 10882633 2026-06-09T20:52:23Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* 2025 mayoral campaign */ 10882634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Helena Moreno | image = Mayor Helena Moreno 2026 (2).jpg | caption = Moreno in 2026 | office = 63rd [[List of mayors of New Orleans|Mayor of New Orleans]] | term_start = January 12, 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[LaToya Cantrell]] | successor = | office1 = President of the [[New Orleans City Council]] | term_start1 = June 2019 | term_end1 = January 5, 2023 | predecessor1 = [[Jason Williams (politician)|Jason Williams]] | successor1 = [[Jean-Paul Morrell]] | office2 = Member of the [[New Orleans City Council]]<br>from the at-large district<br>Position 1 | term_start2 = June 2018 | term_end2 = January 12, 2026 | predecessor2 = [[Stacy Head]] | successor2 = [[Matthew Willard]] | state_house3 = Louisiana | district3 = 93rd | term_start3 = May 2010 | term_end3 = April 9, 2018 | predecessor3 = [[Karen Carter Peterson]] | successor3 = [[Royce Duplessis]] | birth_name = Helena Nancy Moreno | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|9|30}} | birth_place = [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Chris Meeks | education = [[Southern Methodist University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) }} '''Helena Nancy Moreno''' (born September 30, 1977) is a Mexican-born American politician, former journalist and realtor who has been the mayor of [[New Orleans]] since 2026. She was an at-large member of the [[New Orleans City Council]] from 2017 until 2026. Moreno was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]] from 2010 to 2018.<ref name="NOA_17-10-14">{{cite web |author=Ramon Antonio Vargas |date=October 14, 2017 |title=Helena Moreno wins New Orleans City Council At-Large Division 1 seat, will succeed Stacy Head |url=http://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/news/politics/elections/article_b99cdbcc-b143-11e7-8895-4333d2c4e083.html |accessdate=November 10, 2017 |work=New Orleans Advocate}}</ref> She was city council president from 2019 to 2023. ==Early life== Helena Moreno was born in [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]], Mexico.<ref>[http://www.peoplefinders.com/search/searchpreview.aspx?fn=Nancy&mn=Pearson&ln=moreno&state=&city=&age=&from=FC_0009904&processed=1 Nancy Pearson Moreno on Peoplefinders.com], [http://www.peoplefinders.com/search/searchpreview.aspx?fn=Nancy&mn=Pearson&ln=moreno&state=&city=&age=&from=FC_0009904&processed=1 Felix Moreno on Peoplefinders.com.] Felix Moreno is a Texas [[oilman]], and Nancy Pearson Moreno, who holds a Ph.D. in botany from [[Rice University]], is employed by [[Baylor College of Medicine]].</ref> Her family later moved to [[Houston, Texas]]. In 1999, she earned a degree in mass communication from [[Southern Methodist University]] in [[Dallas]]. She [[internship|interned]] at the [[White House]] for [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Hillary Clinton]]. ==Mayor of New Orleans== ===2025 election=== On October 8, 2024, Moreno filed paperwork to run for [[Mayor of New Orleans]] in the [[2025 New Orleans mayoral election|2025 election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=James |date=November 8, 2024 |title=Helena Moreno is officially running for New Orleans mayor, documents show |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/new-orleans-helena-moreno-mayor-paperwork/62853951 |accessdate=November 10, 2024 |work=Times-Picayune}}</ref> Moreno was elected mayor of New Orleans in October 2025 with 55% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Metia |date=2025-10-12 |title=Helena Moreno claims victory in New Orleans mayor's race |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/helena-moreno-new-orleans-mayor-winner/69007623 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=WDSU |language=en}}</ref> She is the first [[Hispanic]] person to be elected mayor of New Orleans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://azat.tv/en/helena-moreno-new-orleans-first-hispanic-mayor/|title=Helena Moreno Makes History as New Orleans’ First Hispanic Mayor|date=October 10, 2025|publisher=AZAT.tv|accessdate=October 13, 2025}}</ref> ===Tenure=== On January 12, 2026, Moreno was sworn in as the 63rd mayor of New Orleans by former Vice President [[Kamala Harris]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2026/01/12/helena-moreno-sworn-in-63rd-mayor-new-orleans/|title=Helena Moreno sworn-in as 63rd mayor of New Orleans|first=Jesse|last=Brooks|publisher=[[WVUE-TV|fox8live.com]]|date=January 12, 2026|accessdate=January 12, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=Jesse |title=Helena Moreno sworn in as 63rd mayor of New Orleans |url=https://www.fox8live.com/2026/01/12/helena-moreno-sworn-63rd-mayor-new-orleans/ | website = www.fox8live.com |date=12 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Moreno lives in the [[Uptown, New Orleans|Uptown neighborhood]] of New Orleans with her husband, Chris Meeks.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Jessica |title=Why Louisiana state Rep. Helena Moreno is seeking New Orleans City Council at-large seat|url=https://www.nola.com/article_a5520070-3397-5089-bd9b-9b2716796af0.html|access-date=November 17, 2020|website=NOLA.com|date=March 9, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In October 2002, Moreno was involved in a car crash that killed a person.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nola.com/news/politics/article_2159e1f9-6b8e-5310-9a6a-f4d63e95255c.html | title=James Perry goes on attack against rival Helena Moreno with fatal traffic accident report | date=May 21, 2010 }}</ref> She was cleared of any criminal charges because the other driver ran a red light.<ref>{{Cite web| title=State of Louisiana - Uniform motor vehicle traffic crash report | url=https://thelensnola.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/full-moreno-report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127042350/http://thelensnola.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/full-moreno-report.pdf | archive-date=2012-01-27}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moreno, Helena}} [[Category:1977 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]] [[Category:People from Veracruz]] [[Category:Politicians from Dallas]] [[Category:Politicians from Houston]] [[Category:Mexican politicians]] [[Category:Mexican journalists]] [[Category:Journalists from Dallas]] [[Category:Journalists from Louisiana]] [[Category:Writers from New Orleans]] [[Category:Writers from Houston]] [[Category:Mayors of New Orleans]] [[Category:Members of the Louisiana State Legislature]] {{US-bio-stub}} 7xezda6a3tuxksz6pzfm2smpzp1zi14 10882637 10882634 2026-06-09T20:56:24Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Helena Moreno | image = Mayor Helena Moreno 2026 (2).jpg | caption = Moreno in 2026 | office = 63rd [[List of mayors of New Orleans|Mayor of New Orleans]] | term_start = January 12, 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[LaToya Cantrell]] | successor = | office1 = President of the [[New Orleans City Council]] | term_start1 = June 2019 | term_end1 = January 5, 2023 | predecessor1 = [[Jason Williams (politician)|Jason Williams]] | successor1 = [[Jean-Paul Morrell]] | office2 = Member of the [[New Orleans City Council]]<br>from the at-large district<br>Position 1 | term_start2 = June 2018 | term_end2 = January 12, 2026 | predecessor2 = [[Stacy Head]] | successor2 = [[Matthew Willard]] | state_house3 = Louisiana | district3 = 93rd | term_start3 = May 2010 | term_end3 = April 9, 2018 | predecessor3 = [[Karen Carter Peterson]] | successor3 = [[Royce Duplessis]] | birth_name = Helena Nancy Moreno | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|9|30}} | birth_place = [[Xalapa]], [[Veracruz (state)|Veracruz]], [[Mexico]] | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = Chris Meeks | education = [[Southern Methodist University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) }} '''Helena Nancy Moreno''' (born September 30, 1977) is a Mexican-born American politician, former journalist and realtor who has been the mayor of [[New Orleans]] since 2026. She was an at-large member of the [[New Orleans City Council]] from 2017 until 2026. Moreno was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[Louisiana House of Representatives]] from 2010 to 2018.<ref name="NOA_17-10-14">{{cite web |author=Ramon Antonio Vargas |date=October 14, 2017 |title=Helena Moreno wins New Orleans City Council At-Large Division 1 seat, will succeed Stacy Head |url=http://www.theadvocate.com/new_orleans/news/politics/elections/article_b99cdbcc-b143-11e7-8895-4333d2c4e083.html |accessdate=November 10, 2017 |work=New Orleans Advocate}}</ref> She was city council president from 2019 to 2023. ==Early life== Helena Moreno was born in [[Xalapa]], [[Veracruz (state)|Veracruz]], Mexico.<ref>[http://www.peoplefinders.com/search/searchpreview.aspx?fn=Nancy&mn=Pearson&ln=moreno&state=&city=&age=&from=FC_0009904&processed=1 Nancy Pearson Moreno on Peoplefinders.com], [http://www.peoplefinders.com/search/searchpreview.aspx?fn=Nancy&mn=Pearson&ln=moreno&state=&city=&age=&from=FC_0009904&processed=1 Felix Moreno on Peoplefinders.com.] Felix Moreno is a Texas [[oilman]], and Nancy Pearson Moreno, who holds a Ph.D. in botany from [[Rice University]], is employed by [[Baylor College of Medicine]].</ref> Her family later moved to [[Houston, Texas]]. In 1999, she earned a degree in mass communication from [[Southern Methodist University]] in [[Dallas]]. She [[internship|interned]] at the [[White House]] for [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Hillary Clinton]]. ==Mayor of New Orleans== ===2025 election=== On October 8, 2024, Moreno filed paperwork to run for [[Mayor of New Orleans]] in the [[2025 New Orleans mayoral election|2025 election]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=James |date=November 8, 2024 |title=Helena Moreno is officially running for New Orleans mayor, documents show |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/new-orleans-helena-moreno-mayor-paperwork/62853951 |accessdate=November 10, 2024 |work=Times-Picayune}}</ref> Moreno was elected mayor of New Orleans in October 2025 with 55% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Metia |date=2025-10-12 |title=Helena Moreno claims victory in New Orleans mayor's race |url=https://www.wdsu.com/article/helena-moreno-new-orleans-mayor-winner/69007623 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=WDSU |language=en}}</ref> She is the first [[Hispanic]] person to be elected mayor of New Orleans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://azat.tv/en/helena-moreno-new-orleans-first-hispanic-mayor/|title=Helena Moreno Makes History as New Orleans’ First Hispanic Mayor|date=October 10, 2025|publisher=AZAT.tv|accessdate=October 13, 2025}}</ref> ===Tenure=== On January 12, 2026, Moreno was sworn in as the 63rd mayor of New Orleans by former Vice President [[Kamala Harris]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fox8live.com/2026/01/12/helena-moreno-sworn-in-63rd-mayor-new-orleans/|title=Helena Moreno sworn-in as 63rd mayor of New Orleans|first=Jesse|last=Brooks|publisher=[[WVUE-TV|fox8live.com]]|date=January 12, 2026|accessdate=January 12, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Brooks |first1=Jesse |title=Helena Moreno sworn in as 63rd mayor of New Orleans |url=https://www.fox8live.com/2026/01/12/helena-moreno-sworn-63rd-mayor-new-orleans/ | website = www.fox8live.com |date=12 January 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Personal life== Moreno lives in the [[Uptown, New Orleans|Uptown neighborhood]] of New Orleans with her husband, Chris Meeks.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Jessica |title=Why Louisiana state Rep. Helena Moreno is seeking New Orleans City Council at-large seat|url=https://www.nola.com/article_a5520070-3397-5089-bd9b-9b2716796af0.html|access-date=November 17, 2020|website=NOLA.com|date=March 9, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In October 2002, Moreno was involved in a car crash that killed a person.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nola.com/news/politics/article_2159e1f9-6b8e-5310-9a6a-f4d63e95255c.html | title=James Perry goes on attack against rival Helena Moreno with fatal traffic accident report | date=May 21, 2010 }}</ref> She was cleared of any criminal charges because the other driver ran a red light.<ref>{{Cite web| title=State of Louisiana - Uniform motor vehicle traffic crash report | url=https://thelensnola.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/full-moreno-report.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127042350/http://thelensnola.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/full-moreno-report.pdf | archive-date=2012-01-27}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moreno, Helena}} [[Category:1977 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]] [[Category:People from Veracruz]] [[Category:Politicians from Dallas]] [[Category:Politicians from Houston]] [[Category:Mexican politicians]] [[Category:Mexican journalists]] [[Category:Journalists from Dallas]] [[Category:Journalists from Louisiana]] [[Category:Writers from New Orleans]] [[Category:Writers from Houston]] [[Category:Mayors of New Orleans]] [[Category:Members of the Louisiana State Legislature]] {{US-bio-stub}} c2d2eectdopxyt77z8v8wkt222m853u 0 1232545 10883027 10864423 2026-06-10T09:32:48Z -kat279 1734355 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 10883027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sun PhuQuoc Airways''' is a [[Vietnamese]] [[Air charter|leisure]] carrier. The [[headquarters]] are in [[Hanoi]].<ref>https://laodong.vn/du-lich/tin-tuc/sun-phuquoc-airways-mo-ban-ve-tu-1510-tang-kem-ve-choi-sun-world-va-wow-pass-tri-gia-den-1-trieu-dong-1588018.html</ref> The center of activity is from [[Tan Son Nhat International Airport]] in [[Ho Chi Minh City]]. The [[company]] was [[wikt:found|founded]] in January 2025. Sun PhuQuoc Airways began operation in October 2025. It has [[wikt:flight|flights]] to most of [[Airport|airports]] in [[Vietnam]]. Official ticket sales begin on October 15, 2025, for flights connecting popular tourist destinations such as Phú Quốc, Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, and Da Nang.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Vnexpress|title=Sun PhuQuoc Airways mở bán vé từ 15/10|url=https://vnexpress.net/sun-phuquoc-airways-mo-ban-ve-tu-15-10-4949919.html}}</ref> On January 15th, 2026, [[Sun Group (Vietnam)]] announced that SPA will start flying internationally starting March 29th to Taipei, Seoul, and more.<ref name="first international flight"/> On February 16th, 2026, the [[airline]] got its two A320neos from [[Play Airlines|a defunct Icelandic carrier]]. On February 17th, 2026, [[Sun Group (Vietnam)]] announced that SPA will start charters to [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport|Mumbai]] and [[Vijayawada Airport|Vijayawada]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mumbai(BOM) to Phu Quoc(PQC)|url=https://flyteam.jp/en/airline_route/bom-pqc/flight_schedule/2026/03|website=flyteam.jp|access-date=17 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Phu Quoc(PQC) to Vijayawada(VGA)|url=https://flyteam.jp/en/airline_route/pqc-vga/flight_schedule/2026/03|website=flyteam.jp|access-date=17 February 2026}}</ref> On February 18th, 2026, Sun PhuQuoc Airways signed a deal with [[Boeing]] for 20 787 Dreamliners and options for 40 more.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 February 2026 |title= Vietnam's Sun PhuQuoc airways signs $22.5 bln deal for 40 Dreamliner jets. |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/vietnams-sunphuquoc-airways-signs-225-bln-deal-40-dreamliner-jets-2026-02-19 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> As of April 2026, airline will also take delivery of used [[Airbus]] A330s formerly operated by [[American Airlines]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schlappig |first=Ben |date=2026-04-25 |title=Cool: Vietnam's Sun PhuQuoc Airways Acquiring Ex-American Airbus A330s |url=https://onemileatatime.com/news/vietnam-sun-phuquoc-airways-acquiring-american-airbus-a330/ |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=One Mile at a Time |language=en-US}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Airlines of Vietnam]] fkd4lurssukspfs5owaec0we9wa9feq 0 1241899 10882405 10815730 2026-06-09T15:42:28Z ~2026-34130-81 1819144 10882405 wikitext text/x-wiki teen titans go sucks [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] q420l5v8okh3hs593w5n4ymc7absrzs 10882406 10882405 2026-06-09T15:42:34Z ChenzwBot 16695 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81|~2026-34130-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-34130-81|talk]]) to last version by Barras 10812692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} '''''Teen Titans''''' is an American [[animated series|animated]] [[superhero]] television series that was brought by [[Teen Titans|characters]] by Bob Hanley and Bruno Premiani. It was shown by [[Cartoon Network]] and [[Kids' WB]] from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. On April 23, 2013, the spinoff series ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]'' was revealed. {{Navboxes | title = ''Teen Titans'' (TV series) | list = {{DC Comics animated TV series}} {{Warner Bros. animation and comics}} }} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] 2dt440vklocbucppi7n2yqav9h4p8i9 10882411 10882406 2026-06-09T15:48:39Z ~2026-34130-81 1819144 10882411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} '''''Teen Titans''''' is an American [[animated series|animated]] [[superhero]] television series that was brought by [[Teen Titans|characters]] by Bob Hanley and Bruno Premiani. It was shown by [[Cartoon Network]] and [[Kids' WB]] from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. On April 23, 2013, the spinoff series ''[[toddler titos goo goo gah gah the -emoji- movie]] {{Navboxes | title = ''Teen Titans'' (TV series) | list = {{DC Comics animated TV series}} {{Warner Bros. animation and comics}} }} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] 4c29uxdpzbovqeqfpwnnda8gb6xadnl 10882413 10882411 2026-06-09T15:48:57Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 Undid revision 10882411 by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81|~2026-34130-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-34130-81|talk]]) 10882413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} '''''Teen Titans''''' is an American [[animated series|animated]] [[superhero]] television series that was brought by [[Teen Titans|characters]] by Bob Hanley and Bruno Premiani. It was shown by [[Cartoon Network]] and [[Kids' WB]] from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. On April 23, 2013, the spinoff series ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]'' was revealed. {{Navboxes | title = ''Teen Titans'' (TV series) | list = {{DC Comics animated TV series}} {{Warner Bros. animation and comics}} }} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] 2dt440vklocbucppi7n2yqav9h4p8i9 10882423 10882413 2026-06-09T16:02:13Z ~2026-34130-81 1819144 10882423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} '''''Teen Titans''''' is an American [[animated series|animated]] [[superhero]] television series that was brought by [[Teen Titans|characters]] by Bob Hanley and Bruno Premiani. It was shown by [[Cartoon Network]] and [[Kids' WB]] from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. On April 666, 666, the horny series ''[[raven best waifu]]'' was revealed. {{Navboxes | title = ''Teen Titans'' (TV series) | list = {{DC Comics animated TV series}} {{Warner Bros. animation and comics}} }} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] bccmvjvzujjnvnvh4fni0qrr4p5cf16 10882424 10882423 2026-06-09T16:03:02Z NDG 1452189 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34130-81|~2026-34130-81]] ([[User talk:~2026-34130-81|talk]]) to last version by Der-Wir-Ing: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10882413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} '''''Teen Titans''''' is an American [[animated series|animated]] [[superhero]] television series that was brought by [[Teen Titans|characters]] by Bob Hanley and Bruno Premiani. It was shown by [[Cartoon Network]] and [[Kids' WB]] from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. On April 23, 2013, the spinoff series ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]'' was revealed. {{Navboxes | title = ''Teen Titans'' (TV series) | list = {{DC Comics animated TV series}} {{Warner Bros. animation and comics}} }} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] 2dt440vklocbucppi7n2yqav9h4p8i9 10882470 10882424 2026-06-09T17:10:01Z Barras 40117 Protected "[[Teen Titans (TV series)]]": Excessive [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]: Same as [[Teen Titans Go! To the Movies]] ([Edit=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 17:10, 9 December 2026 (UTC)) [Move=Allow only autoconfirmed users] (expires 17:10, 9 December 2026 (UTC))) 10882413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}} {{Use American English|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} '''''Teen Titans''''' is an American [[animated series|animated]] [[superhero]] television series that was brought by [[Teen Titans|characters]] by Bob Hanley and Bruno Premiani. It was shown by [[Cartoon Network]] and [[Kids' WB]] from July 19, 2003 to September 15, 2006. On April 23, 2013, the spinoff series ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]'' was revealed. {{Navboxes | title = ''Teen Titans'' (TV series) | list = {{DC Comics animated TV series}} {{Warner Bros. animation and comics}} }} {{TV-stub}} [[Category:Teen Titans| ]] [[Category:2000s American animated television series]] [[Category:2000s American children's television series]] [[Category:2000s American drama television series]] [[Category:2000s American science fiction television series]] [[Category:2000s American superhero television series]] [[Category:2003 American animated television series debuts]] [[Category:2006 American animated television series endings]] [[Category:American anime-influenced animated television series]] [[Category:American children's animated action television series]] [[Category:American children's animated drama television series]] [[Category:American children's animated science fantasy television series]] [[Category:American children's animated space adventure television series]] [[Category:American children's animated superhero television series]] [[Category:American English-language television shows]] [[Category:American teen animated television series]] [[Category:Television series set on fictional planets]] [[Category:DC Comics]] [[Category:Cartoon Network original programming]] [[Category:Kids WB series]] 2dt440vklocbucppi7n2yqav9h4p8i9 2 1243457 10882283 10858924 2026-06-09T12:42:23Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Production */ 10882283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026. == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} mnwkscet0palg9tzwoqdietl77xxufg 10882285 10882283 2026-06-09T12:42:56Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Filming */ 10882285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} dxi92a3nku0qzpf2a2v2889c54h0r68 10882286 10882285 2026-06-09T12:44:38Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025. Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[Indian Independence Day]]. == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} 5rznn2r4gazeluhykzzvg68rkswu75y 10882287 10882286 2026-06-09T12:44:50Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Release */ 10882287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[Indian Independence Day]]. == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} n3acpr1ccwjy7mewu5gx19ypisul54w 10882288 10882287 2026-06-09T12:45:45Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]]. == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} fl3mt8r1y8znhcpgep9jhpe6ty418f9 10882289 10882288 2026-06-09T12:46:23Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Release */ 10882289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} mgelfva73906yeimn5hwhvocrz4yd4s 10882297 10882289 2026-06-09T13:07:38Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]]. == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} 10x0ccm5aoghnpzi6hwa7d8cubau989 10882298 10882297 2026-06-09T13:08:30Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Release */ 10882298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} 217zjx4cjoeft0kakvaaco6h5c5bhxc 10882345 10882298 2026-06-09T14:30:23Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the film were acquired by [[Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]]. == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} pdfj43j1bkwayaxmdz0vajpd4n78ykn 10882346 10882345 2026-06-09T14:30:54Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Distribution */ 10882346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the film were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Awarapan 2 sparks distributor frenzy; Dharma, Zee Studios, AA Films and others meet Mukesh Bhatt for theatrical rights |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-awarapan-2-sparks-distributor-frenzy-dharma-zee-studios-aa-films-and-others-meet-mukesh-bhatt-for-theatrical-rights/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} tpwk6pyoo847gj5uhpdrzu86lwk2wv1 10882348 10882346 2026-06-09T14:31:15Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Distribution */ 10882348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Awarapan 2 sparks distributor frenzy; Dharma, Zee Studios, AA Films and others meet Mukesh Bhatt for theatrical rights |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-awarapan-2-sparks-distributor-frenzy-dharma-zee-studios-aa-films-and-others-meet-mukesh-bhatt-for-theatrical-rights/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} lib5s1dgfplxn7ktpfn9rxxpsnrh5fh 10882952 10882348 2026-06-10T06:07:36Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] began in September 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Filming was wrapped in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Soundtrack == The soundtrack is composed by [[:en:Mithoon|Mithoon]], [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[:en:Amaal Mallik|Amaal Mallik]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[:en:Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Virag]] and [[:en:Sayeed Quadri|Sayeed Quadri]]. The [[film score]] is composed by [[:en:Raju Singh|Raju Singh]]. The [[:en:music licensing|music rights]] were acquired by [[:en:Sony Music India|Sony Music]]. == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Awarapan 2 sparks distributor frenzy; Dharma, Zee Studios, AA Films and others meet Mukesh Bhatt for theatrical rights |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-awarapan-2-sparks-distributor-frenzy-dharma-zee-studios-aa-films-and-others-meet-mukesh-bhatt-for-theatrical-rights/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} jov4f1g08klwej2m1zwn22ep6q4wgx7 10882977 10882952 2026-06-10T06:54:29Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Filming */ 10882977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] of the film commenced in September 2025,<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> and concluded in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> == Soundtrack == The soundtrack is composed by [[:en:Mithoon|Mithoon]], [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[:en:Amaal Mallik|Amaal Mallik]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[:en:Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Virag]] and [[:en:Sayeed Quadri|Sayeed Quadri]]. The [[film score]] is composed by [[:en:Raju Singh|Raju Singh]]. The [[:en:music licensing|music rights]] were acquired by [[:en:Sony Music India|Sony Music]]. == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Awarapan 2 sparks distributor frenzy; Dharma, Zee Studios, AA Films and others meet Mukesh Bhatt for theatrical rights |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-awarapan-2-sparks-distributor-frenzy-dharma-zee-studios-aa-films-and-others-meet-mukesh-bhatt-for-theatrical-rights/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} p93cjp7mtmzwh00c2io3bnri6ts309p 10882980 10882977 2026-06-10T06:59:36Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Distribution */ 10882980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] of the film commenced in September 2025,<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> and concluded in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> == Soundtrack == The soundtrack is composed by [[:en:Mithoon|Mithoon]], [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[:en:Amaal Mallik|Amaal Mallik]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[:en:Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Virag]] and [[:en:Sayeed Quadri|Sayeed Quadri]]. The [[film score]] is composed by [[:en:Raju Singh|Raju Singh]]. The [[:en:music licensing|music rights]] were acquired by [[:en:Sony Music India|Sony Music]]. == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi's 'Awarapan 2' sparks bidding war; top studios line up |url=https://www.hungamaexpress.com/news/45925-emraan-hashmis-awarapan-2-sparks-bidding-war-top-studios-line-up |website=Hungama Express |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} 8vr134jj8p7svh2mmrhl01ni21ps21n 10882981 10882980 2026-06-10T07:03:15Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] of the film commenced in September 2025,<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> and concluded in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> == Soundtrack == The soundtrack is composed by [[:en:Mithoon|Mithoon]], [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[:en:Amaal Mallik|Amaal Mallik]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[:en:Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Virag]] and [[:en:Sayeed Quadri|Sayeed Quadri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mithoon to make Mumbai stage debut on December 7: Mumbai has shaped my discipline, my music |url=https://ianslive.in/mithoon-to-make-mumbai-stage-debut-on-december-7-marking-the-start-of-india-tour--20251119125140 |website=IANS News |date=19 November 2025}}</ref> The [[film score]] is composed by [[:en:Raju Singh|Raju Singh]]. The [[:en:music licensing|music rights]] were acquired by [[:en:Sony Music India|Sony Music]]. == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi's 'Awarapan 2' sparks bidding war; top studios line up |url=https://www.hungamaexpress.com/news/45925-emraan-hashmis-awarapan-2-sparks-bidding-war-top-studios-line-up |website=Hungama Express |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} lrradva7ny8p8xolhnbstfnpou4xeck 10882982 10882981 2026-06-10T07:04:25Z C1K98V 1032191 /* Soundtrack */ 10882982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] of the film commenced in September 2025,<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> and concluded in June 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> == Soundtrack == The soundtrack is composed by [[:en:Mithoon|Mithoon]], [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[:en:Amaal Mallik|Amaal Mallik]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[:en:Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Virag]] and [[:en:Sayeed Quadri|Sayeed Quadri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mithoon to make Mumbai stage debut on December 7: Mumbai has shaped my discipline, my music |url=https://ianslive.in/mithoon-to-make-mumbai-stage-debut-on-december-7-marking-the-start-of-india-tour--20251119125140 |website=IANS News |date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amaal Mallik Reunites With Lyricist Rashmi Virag For Song In Emraan Hashmi-Starrer 'Awarapan 2' After 10-Year Gap (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://varietyindia.com/amaal-mallik-reunites-with-lyricist-rashmi-virag-for-song-in-emraan-hashmi-starrer-awarapan-2-after-10-year-gap-exclusive/ |website=Variety India |date=26 April 2026}}</ref> The [[film score]] is composed by [[:en:Raju Singh|Raju Singh]]. The [[:en:music licensing|music rights]] were acquired by [[:en:Sony Music India|Sony Music]]. == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi's 'Awarapan 2' sparks bidding war; top studios line up |url=https://www.hungamaexpress.com/news/45925-emraan-hashmis-awarapan-2-sparks-bidding-war-top-studios-line-up |website=Hungama Express |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} 9yjv9x236fwkinjh6sexcjhd667ejbo 10882984 10882982 2026-06-10T07:10:56Z C1K98V 1032191 /* */ 10882984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | image = | caption = | director = [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] | producer = [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] | writer = Bilal Siddiqui | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] }} | cinematography = Vishnu Rao | editing = | music = | studio = [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]] | distributor = Pen Marudhar | released = {{Film date|2026|4|3|df=y}} | runtime = | country = India | language = Hindi | budget = | gross = }} '''''Awarapan 2''''' ({{translation|''Vagrancy 2''}}) is an upcoming Indian [[Hindi]]-language film written by Bilal Siddiqui and directed by [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]]. Produced by [[:en:Vishesh Bhatt|Vishesh Bhatt]] under [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], it stars [[Emraan Hashmi]] and [[Disha Patani]]. == Cast == * [[Emraan Hashmi]] * [[Disha Patani]] * [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] == Production == === Casting === Initially, [[Manushi Chhillar]] was considered for the female lead, but declined due to scheduling conflict.<ref>{{cite web |title=Manushi Chhillar skips signing Awarapan 2 citing date issues hence makers roped in Disha Patani |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/cinema/exclusive-manushi-chillar-skips-signing-awarapan-2-citing-date-issues-hence-makers-roped-in-disha-patani-101757589303536.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=11 September 2025}}</ref> Later on, [[Disha Patani]] was cast as the female lead.<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Disha Patani comes on board for Emraan Hashmi starrer; filming to start THIS month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/awarapan-2-disha-patani-comes-on-board-for-emraan-hashmi-starrer-filming-to-start-this-month-report/articleshow/123788754.cms |website=The Times of India |date=9 September 2025}}</ref> In December 2025, [[:en:Shabana Azmi|Shabana Azmi]] joined the cast of the film.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shabana Azmi Joins The Cast of Awarapan 2 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shabana-azmi-joins-the-cast-of-awarapan-2_-79702.html |website=Filmfare.com |date=1 December 2025}}</ref> === Development === In March 2025, the movie was announced by [[:en:Vishesh Films|Vishesh Films]], with [[:en:Nitin Kakkar|Nitin Kakkar]] signed as the director and [[Emraan Hashmi]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi 'Awarapan 2' sequel announced on his 46th birthday, actor returns as Shivam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-to-return-as-shivam-sequel-announced-on-actors-birthday/article69367999.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |date=24 March 2025}}</ref> === Filming === [[Pre-production]] began in April 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vishesh Bhatt: Emraan Hashmi's Awarapan 2 stirs and challenges the core emotions in us |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/emraan-hashmi-character-shivam-come-back-from-dead-awarapan-2-vishesh-bhatt-23510485 |website=Mid-day |date=1 April 2025}}</ref> [[Principal photography]] of the film commenced in September 2025,<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi begins shooting for 'Awarapan 2', film set for April 2026 release |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-begins-shooting-for-awarapan-sequel/cid/2125538 |website=Telegraph India |date=29 September 2025}}</ref> and concluded in June 2026.<ref name=":2" >{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2': Emraan Hashmi wraps shooting for the romantic-thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-wraps-shooting-for-the-romantic-thriller/article71064677.ece |website=The Hindu |date=5 June 2026}}</ref> The movie was shot in [[Bangkok]], [[Mumbai]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Malaysia]] for 60 days.<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2: Emraan Hashmi, Disha Patani gear up to shoot action sequences |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/awarapan-2-emraan-hashmi-disha-patani-gear-up-to-shoot-action-sequences-23596589 |website=Mid-day |date=1 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi Resumes Awarapan 2 Shoot In Rajasthan Despite Undergoing Major Surgery |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/emraan-hashmi-resumes-awarapan-2-shoot-in-rajasthan-despite-undergoing-major-surgery-ws-kl-9783324.html |website=News18 |date=20 December 2025}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Soundtrack == The soundtrack is composed by [[:en:Mithoon|Mithoon]], [[Jeet Gannguli]], [[:en:Amaal Mallik|Amaal Mallik]] and [[Akhil Sachdeva]] with lyrics written by [[:en:Rashmi Virag|Rashmi Virag]] and [[:en:Sayeed Quadri|Sayeed Quadri]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mithoon to make Mumbai stage debut on December 7: Mumbai has shaped my discipline, my music |url=https://ianslive.in/mithoon-to-make-mumbai-stage-debut-on-december-7-marking-the-start-of-india-tour--20251119125140 |website=IANS News |date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Amaal Mallik Reunites With Lyricist Rashmi Virag For Song In Emraan Hashmi-Starrer 'Awarapan 2' After 10-Year Gap (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://varietyindia.com/amaal-mallik-reunites-with-lyricist-rashmi-virag-for-song-in-emraan-hashmi-starrer-awarapan-2-after-10-year-gap-exclusive/ |website=Variety India |date=26 April 2026}}</ref> The [[film score]] is composed by [[:en:Raju Singh|Raju Singh]]. The [[:en:music licensing|music rights]] were acquired by [[:en:Sony Music India|Sony Music]].<ref name=":2" /> == Release == ''Awarapan 2'' was initially scheduled to release on 3 April 2025.<ref name=":1" >{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' release postponed, delay not linked to 'Dhurandhar 2': Mukesh Bhatt |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/awarapan-2-release-postponed-delay-not-linked-to-dhurandhar-2-says-mukesh-bhatt/cid/2142016 |website=Telegraph India |date=10 January 2026}}</ref> Later on, it was postponed to 14 August 2026, coinciding with the [[:en:Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence Day]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Awarapan 2 release: Emraan Hashmi Disha Patani film set for Aug 14, 2026. |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/emraan-hashmi-disha-patanis-awarapan-2-set-to-release-on-august-14-2026-3975321 |website=Deccan Herald |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> thereby clashing with other big-budget movies including [[:en:Batwara 1947|Batwara 1947]] and [[:en:Maatrubhumi: May War Rest in Peace|Maatrubhumi]].<ref>{{cite web |title='Awarapan 2' Vs 'Lahore 1947': Can Sunny Deol Win the Box-Office Clash Against Emraan Hashmi, This Time Too? |url=https://varietyindia.com/awarapan-2-vs-lahore-1947-can-sunny-deol-win-the-box-office-clash-against-emraan-hashmi-this-time-too/ |website=Variety India |date=21 April 2026}}</ref> === Distribution === The distribution rights of the movie were acquired by [[:en:Pen Studios|Pen Marudhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Emraan Hashmi's 'Awarapan 2' sparks bidding war; top studios line up |url=https://www.hungamaexpress.com/news/45925-emraan-hashmis-awarapan-2-sparks-bidding-war-top-studios-line-up |website=Hungama Express |date=4 May 2026}}</ref> == Other websites == * {{Bollywood Hungama movie|awarapan-2}} == References == {{Reflist}} t63rq83cp7m8y8vpb9ue21x55re5ya0 0 1248487 10882502 10725829 2026-06-09T17:55:49Z MourningRainfall 86802 10882502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = John Carlson 2016-04-28 1.JPG | image_size = | caption = Carlson with the Capitals on April 28, 2016 | position = [[Defenceman|Defense]] | shoots = Right | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|1|1}} | birth_place = [[Natick, Massachusetts|Natick]], [[Massachusetts]] | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 3 | weight_lb = 218 | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | team = [[Anaheim Ducks]] | former_teams = [[Washington Capitals]] | ntl_team = USA | draft = 27th overall | draft_year = 2008 | draft_team = [[Washington Capitals]] | career_end = }} '''John Carlson''' (born January 10, 1990) is an American professional [[ice hockey]] [[Defenceman|defenseman]]. He currently plays for the [[Anaheim Ducks]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He has also played for the [[Washington Capitals]]. Carlson is a one-time [[Stanley Cup]] champion, winning with the Capitals in [[2018 Stanley Cup Final|2018]]. He is also a two-time [[NHL All-Star Game|All-Star]], being named one in [[2019 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2019]] and [[2020 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2020]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Carlson played parts of two seasons with the [[Indiana Ice]] of the [[United States Hockey League]] (USHL) and one season with the [[London Knights]] of the [[Ontario Hockey League]] (OHL). He had a successful time with the Ice. He was named to both the USHL Second All-Star team and All-Rookie team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eliteprospects.com/awards/ushl?name=USHL%20Second%20All-Star%20Team&sort-players=season&players-page=2|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Awards - USHL Second All-Star Team|publisher=Elite Prospects}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eliteprospects.com/awards/ushl?name=USHL%20All-Rookie%20Team&sort-players=season&players-page=2|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Awards - USHL All-Rookie Team|publisher=Elite Prospects}}</ref> He also had a successful time with the Knights, being named to the First All-Rookie team, Second All-Star team, and the CHL All-Rookie team.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chl.ca/ohl-spitfires/2008-09-ohl-all-star-teams-announced/|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=2008-09 OHL All-Star Teams Announced|publisher=[[Windsor Spitfires]]|archive-date=December 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251228233442/https://chl.ca/ohl-spitfires/2008-09-ohl-all-star-teams-announced/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sootoday.com/local-sports/ohl-names-rookie-of-the-year-all-rookie-teams-122806|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=OHL names rookie of the year, all-rookie teams|publisher=[[Village Media|Soo Today]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eliteprospects.com/awards/chl-jr?name=CHL+All-Rookie+Team|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Awards - CHL All-Rookie Team|publisher=Elite Prospects}}</ref> He was drafted 27th overall by the [[Washington Capitals]] in the [[2008 NHL entry draft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/devils/2008/06/caps_take_colonias_carlson_at.html|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Caps take Colonia's Carlson at 27|publisher=[[NJ.com]]|archive-date=January 24, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124003450/https://www.nj.com/devils/2008/06/caps_take_colonias_carlson_at.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On November 13, 2008, he signed a three-year, entry-level contract to join the Capitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/capitals-sign-top-draft-pick-john-carlson-1.707539|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals sign top draft pick John Carlson|publisher=[[CBC Sports]]|archive-date=December 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251228232901/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/capitals-sign-top-draft-pick-john-carlson-1.707539|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He was immediately sent down to play for their [[American Hockey League|AHL]]-affiliate [[Hershey Bears]]. During his time with the Bears, Carlson helped them win back-to-back [[Calder Cup]]s in 2009 and 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theahl.com/news/bears-go-back-to-back-win-11th-calder-cup|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals sign top draft pick John Carlson|publisher=[[American Hockey League]]}}</ref> He was also named to both the AHL All-Star Game and All-Rookie team in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theahl.com/stats/roster/368/31|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=AHL All-Stars Roster for the 2010 All-Star Game|publisher=American Hockey League}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theahl.com/news/2009-10-ahl-all-rookie-team-announced|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=2009-10 AHL All-Rookie Team announced|publisher=American Hockey League}}</ref> On November 18, 2009, the Capitals called him up and Carlson made his NHL debut two days later in a 3–2 loss to the [[Montreal Canadiens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.montrealgazette.com/sports/article355779.html|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Teenager to make debut with Caps|publisher=[[Montreal Gazette]]|archive-date=May 28, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528162605/https://www.montrealgazette.com/sports/article355779.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> On January 21, 2010, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a [[Tomáš Fleischmann]] goal in a 6–3 win against the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/game/_/gameId/300121016/capitals-penguins|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals 6-3 Penguins (Jan 21, 2010) Final Score|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> On March 25, Carlson scored his first NHL goal against [[Manny Legace]] in a 3–2 shootout loss to the [[Carolina Hurricanes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehockeynews.com/news/chad-larose-gives-hurricanes-shootout-win-over-capitals|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Chad LaRose gives Hurricanes shootout win over Capitals|publisher=[[The Hockey News]]}}</ref> On September 14, 2012, Carlson signed a six-year, $23.8 million contract to stay with the Capitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/286706/capitals-sign-defenceman-carlson-to-six-year-us23-8-million-contract-extension/|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals sign defenceman Carlson to six-year, US$23.8-million contract extension|publisher=[[Global News]]}}</ref> On November 2, 2013, Carlson scored his 100th NHL point against [[Scott Clemmensen]] in a 3–2 shootout win against the [[Florida Panthers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capitals-insider/wp/2013/11/03/john-carlson-finally-scores/|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=John Carlson finally scores|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=January 25, 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250125211600/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capitals-insider/wp/2013/11/03/john-carlson-finally-scores/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He helped the Capitals during the [[2018 Stanley Cup playoffs|playoffs]]. They defeated the [[Columbus Blue Jackets]], [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], and [[Tampa Bay Lightning]]. They eventually went on to defeat the [[Vegas Golden Knights]] four games to one in the [[2018 Stanley Cup Final|Final]] to win the first [[Stanley Cup]] in Capitals franchise history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/washington-capitals-vegas-golden-knights-game-5-recap/c-298984386?tid=297173160|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals win Stanley Cup, defeat Golden Knights in Game 5 of Final|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> On June 24, 2018, Carlson signed a eight-year, $64 million contract to stay with the Capitals.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/capitals/news/capitals-re-sign-john-carlson-299259278|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals Re-sign John Carlson|publisher=[[Washington Capitals]]|archive-date=December 28, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228211703/https://www.nhl.com/capitals/news/capitals-re-sign-john-carlson-299259278|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On October 1, 2019, the Capitals named Carlson as one of their [[Captain (ice hockey)|alternate captains]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2019/10/01/capitals-name-defenseman-john-carlson-an-alternate-captain/|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=John Carlson named an alternate captain for Capitals|publisher=The Washington Post|archive-date=December 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212080901/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2019/10/01/capitals-name-defenseman-john-carlson-an-alternate-captain/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On March 30, 2024, Carlson played in his [[List of NHL players with 1,000 games played|1,000th career NHL game]], setting a Capitals franchise record in the process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/capitals/news/capitals-to-honor-john-carlson-for-1-000th-nhl-game-in-pregame-ceremony-sunday-april-7|accessdate=January 10, 2026|title=Capitals to Honor John Carlson for 1,000th NHL Game in Pregame Ceremony Sunday, April 7|publisher=Washington Capitals}}</ref> On March 5, 2026, the Capitals traded Carlson to the [[Anaheim Ducks]] in exchange for a [[2026 NHL entry draft|2026]] conditional first-round draft pick and a [[2027 NHL entry draft|2027]] third-round draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/ducks/news/ducks-acquire-carlson-from-washington|accessdate=June 9, 2026|title=Ducks Acquire Carlson from Washington|publisher=[[Anaheim Ducks]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carlson, John}} [[Category:1990 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:American ice hockey defensemen]] [[Category:Anaheim Ducks players]] [[Category:Hershey Bears players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from New Jersey]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Massachusetts]] [[Category:Stanley Cup champions]] [[Category:Washington Capitals players]] r02tzf4gi1nnjqmdb2yuke06ieevqsx 0 1249621 10882898 10717819 2026-06-10T03:35:45Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = Vladimir Tarasenko 2017-10-04.jpg | image_size = | caption = Tarasenko during his time with the St. Louis Blues on October 4, 2017 | position = [[Winger (ice hockey)|Right wing]] | shoots = Left | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|12|13|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Yaroslavl]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 1 | weight_lb = 219 | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | team = [[Minnesota Wild]] | former_teams = [[HC Sibir Novosibirsk|Sibir Novosibirsk]]<br>[[SKA Saint Petersburg]]<br>[[St. Louis Blues]]<br>[[New York Rangers]]<br>[[Ottawa Senators]]<br>[[Florida Panthers]]<br>[[Detroit Red Wings]] | ntl_team = RUS | draft = 16th overall | draft_year = 2010 | draft_team = [[St. Louis Blues]] | career_start = 2010 | career_end = }} '''Vladimir Andreyevich Tarasenko''' ({{langx|ru|Влади́мир Андре́евич Тарасе́нко}}; born 13 December 1991) is a Russian professional [[ice hockey]] [[Winger (ice hockey)|right winger]]. He currently plays for the [[Minnesota Wild]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He has also played for the [[St. Louis Blues]], [[New York Rangers]], [[Ottawa Senators]], [[Florida Panthers]], and [[Detroit Red Wings]]. Outside of the NHL, Tarasenko also played for [[HC Sibir Novosibirsk|Sibir Novosibirsk]] and [[SKA Saint Petersburg]] of the [[Kontinental Hockey League]] (KHL). Tarasenko is a two-time [[Stanley Cup]] champion, winning with Blues in [[2019 Stanley Cup Final|2019]] and the Panthers in [[2024 Stanley Cup Final|2024]]. He is also a four-time [[NHL All-Star Game|All-Star]], being named one in [[2015 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2015]], [[2016 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2016]], [[2017 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2017]], and [[2023 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2023]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Tarasenko played parts of four seasons with [[HC Sibir Novosibirsk|Sibir Novosibirsk]] and parts of two seasons with [[SKA Saint Petersburg]] of the [[Kontinental Hockey League]] (KHL) He was drafted 16th overall by the [[St. Louis Blues]] in the [[2010 NHL entry draft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/how-tarasenko-and-schwartz-transformed-the-blues/|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=How Tarasenko and Schwartz transformed the Blues|publisher=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref> On 2012 July 2, he signed a three-year, entry-level contract to join the Blues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/vladimir-tarasenko-decides-st-louis-blues-over-khl-160042007.html|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Vladimir Tarasenko decides on St. Louis Blues over KHL for next season|publisher=[[Yahoo Sports]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> On 2013 January 19, Tarasenko made his NHL debut in a 6–0 win against the [[Detroit Red Wings]]. During the game, he scored his first NHL goal against [[Jimmy Howard]] and also scored another one right after in his first two shots.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap?gameId=400442483|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Vladimir Tarasenko, Chris Stewart spark Blues' rout of Red Wings|publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> On 28 October 2014, Tarasenko recorded his first career NHL [[hat-trick]] against [[Kari Lehtonen]] in a 4–3 overtime win against the [[Dallas Stars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap?gameId=400564653|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Tarasenko's goal in OT lifts Blues over Stars 4-3|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> On 7 July 2015, Tarasenko signed an eight-year, $60 million contract to stay with the Blues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/hockey/professional/morning-skate/tarasenko-agrees-to-eight-year-million-contract/article_9b43067e-cbe5-5e1c-9a9e-d79f2dc95ca0.html|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Tarasenko agrees to eight-year, $60 million contract|publisher=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209195930/https://www.stltoday.com/sports/hockey/professional/morning-skate/tarasenko-agrees-to-eight-year-million-contract/article_9b43067e-cbe5-5e1c-9a9e-d79f2dc95ca0.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He helped the Blues during the [[2019 Stanley Cup playoffs|playoffs]]. They defeated the [[Winnipeg Jets]], [[Dallas Stars]], and [[San Jose Sharks]]. They eventually went on to defeat the [[Boston Bruins]] four games to three in the [[2019 Stanley Cup Final|Finals]] to win the first [[Stanley Cup]] in Blues franchise history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/st-louis-blues-boston-bruins-game-7-recap/c-307776644|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Blues win Stanley Cup for first time, defeat Bruins in Game 7 of Final|publisher=National Hockey League}}</ref> After requiring surgery for a shoulder injury, Tarasenko became angry with how the Blues handled it and demanded a trade away from St. Louis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/2690474/2021/07/07/blues-winger-vladimir-tarasenko-requests-a-trade-per-sources-why-he-wants-out-possible-destinations-and-more/|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Blues winger Vladimir Tarasenko requests a trade, per sources: Why he wants out, possible destinations and more|publisher=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> On 9 February 2023, the Blues traded Tarasenko along with [[Niko Mikkola]] to the [[New York Rangers]] in exchange for [[Sammy Blais]] and Hunter Skinner.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/article/rangers-acquire-winger-vladimir-tarasenko-from-blues/|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Rangers acquire winger Vladimir Tarasenko from Blues|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> He played 31 with the Rangers, scoring 8 goals and recording 13 assists. On 27 July 2023, Tarasenko signed a one-year, $5 million contract to join the [[Ottawa Senators]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/senators/news/ottawa-senators-sign-forward-vladimir-tarasenko-to-a-one-year-contract/c-345453898|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Senators sign forward Vladimir Tarasenko to a one-year contract|publisher=[[Ottawa Senators]]}}</ref> He played 57 games with the Senators, scoring 17 goals and recording 24 assists. On 6 March 2024, the Senators traded Tarasenko to the [[Florida Panthers]] in exchange for a [[2024 NHL entry draft|2024]] conditional fourth-round draft pick and a [[2025 NHL entry draft|2025]] third-round pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/panthers/news/florida-panthers-acquire-forward-vladimir-tarasenko|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Florida Panthers Acquire Forward Vladimir Tarasenko|publisher=[[Florida Panthers]]}}</ref> He helped the Panthers during the [[2024 Stanley Cup playoffs|playoffs]]. They defeated the [[Tampa Bay Lightning]], [[Boston Bruins]], and New York Rangers. They eventually went on to defeat the [[Edmonton Oilers]] four games to three in the [[2024 Stanley Cup Final|Finals]] to win the first [[Stanley Cup]] in Panthers franchise history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/edmonton-oilers-florida-panthers-game-7-recap-june-24|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Panthers recover, defeat Oilers in Game 7 of Stanley Cup Final for 1st title|publisher=National Hockey League}}</ref> On 3 July 2024, Tarasenko signed a two-year, $9.5 million contract to join the [[Detroit Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/vladimir-tarasenko-signs-two-year-contract-with-red-wings|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Tarasenko signs 2-year, $9.5 million contract with Red Wings|publisher=National Hockey League}}</ref> He played 80 games with the Red Wings, scoring 11 goals and recording 22 assists. On 30 June 2025, the Red Wings traded Tarasenko to the [[Minnesota Wild]] in exchange for future considerations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/nhl/article/red-wings-trade-vladimir-tarasenko-to-wild-for-future-considerations/|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Red Wings trade Vladimir Tarasenko to Wild for future considerations|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> ==Personal life== Tarasenko's father [[Andrei Tarasenko (ice hockey)|Andrei]] was also a professional ice hockey player. He died on 11 July 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sportbox.ru/Vidy_sporta/Hokkej/spbnews_NI2079991_Skonchalsa_otec_dvukratnogo_obladatela_Kubka_Stenli_Vladimira_Tarasenko|accessdate=January 16, 2026|title=Скончался отец двукратного обладателя Кубка Стэнли Владимира Тарасенко|publisher=Sportbox (in Russian)}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tarasenko, Vladimir}} [[Category:1991 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Detroit Red Wings players]] [[Category:Florida Panthers players]] [[Category:Minnesota Wild players]] [[Category:New York Rangers players]] [[Category:Ottawa Senators players]] [[Category:Russian ice hockey right wingers]] [[Category:St. Louis Blues players]] [[Category:Stanley Cup champions]] fhwdmnqb8sbbnp1hkjx6brjb3pklpva 0 1251004 10882430 10739605 2026-06-09T16:05:55Z MourningRainfall 86802 10882430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = Ray Whitney.jpg | image_size = | caption = Whitney celebrating during the Carolina Hurricanes Stanley Cup parade in 2006 | position = [[Winger (ice hockey)|Left wing]] | shoots = Right | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1972|5|8}} | birth_place = [[Fort Saskatchewan]], [[Alberta]] | height_ft = 5 | height_in = 0 | weight_lb = 180 | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | played_for = [[San Jose Sharks]]<br>[[Edmonton Oilers]]<br>[[Florida Panthers]]<br>[[Columbus Blue Jackets]]<br>[[Detroit Red Wings]]<br>[[Carolina Hurricanes]]<br>[[Arizona Coyotes|Phoenix Coyotes]]<br>[[Dallas Stars]] | ntl_team = CAN | draft = 23rd overall | draft_year = 1991 | draft_team = [[San Jose Sharks]] | career_start = 1991 | career_end = 2014 }} '''Raymond D. Whitney''' (born May 8, 1972) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] former professional [[ice hockey]] [[Winger (ice hockey)|left winger]]. He played parts of 22 seasons in the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He played for the [[San Jose Sharks]], [[Edmonton Oilers]], [[Florida Panthers]], [[Columbus Blue Jackets]], [[Detroit Red Wings]], [[Carolina Hurricanes]], [[Arizona Coyotes|Phoenix Coyotes]], and [[Dallas Stars]]. Whitney was known for his fast puck movement and passing ability which earned him the the nickname "'''The Wizard'''". Whitney is a one-time [[Stanley Cup]] champion, winning with Hurricanes in 2006. He is also a two-time [[NHL All-Star Game|All-Star]], being named to the NHL ones in [[2000 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2000]] and [[2003 National Hockey League All-Star Game|2003]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Whitney played parts of three seasons with the [[Spokane Chiefs]] of the [[Western Hockey League]] (WHL). He had a successful time with the Chiefs. He finished the [[1990–91 WHL season|1990–91 season]], scoring 67 goals and recording 118 assists for 185 points. He was named to the West first All-Star team and won the [[Bob Clarke Trophy]] for being the WHL's leading points scorer and the [[Four Broncos Memorial Trophy]] for WHL Player of the Year. He helped the Chiefs during the playoffs. They defeated the [[Seattle Thunderbirds]] and [[Kamloops Blazers]] before defeating and sweeping the [[Lethbridge Hurricanes]] four games to zero to win the [[Ed Chynoweth Cup|President's Cup]]. This earned them a spot in the Memorial Cup tournament. The Chiefs defeated the [[Drummondville Voltigeurs]] 5-1 in the final game to win the [[Memorial Cup]]. He had a dominating performance in the playoffs and earned the [[George Parsons Trophy]] for the most sportsmanlike at the Memorial Cup tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2025/may/16/greatest-chief-ray-whitney-lends-support-to-spokan/|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=‘Greatest Chief’: Ray Whitney lends support to Spokane Chiefs organization, team ahead of WHL Championship elimination game|publisher=[[The Spokesman-Review]]}}</ref> He was drafted 23rd overall by the [[San Jose Sharks]] in the [[1991 NHL entry draft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/22/Sharks-draft-Falloon-with-the-second-pick/7539677563200/|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Sharks draft Falloon with the second pick|publisher=[[UPI]]}}</ref> Before playing for the Sharks, Whitney played 10 games with the [[Kölner Haie]] of the [[Eishockey-Bundesliga]] (1.GBun). He scored 3 goals and recorded 6 assists for 9 points.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haie.de/geschichte/1991-92/|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=1991/92|publisher=[[Kölner Haie]] (in German)}}</ref> On April 15, 1992, Whitney made his NHL debut in a 4–3 loss against the [[Calgary Flames]]. During the game, he also recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a [[Brian Mullen]] goal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/cgy-vs-sjs/1992/04/15/1991020861|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Calgary Flames - San Jose Sharks - Apr 15, 1992|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> On December 1, he scored his first career NHL goal against [[Ron Tugnutt]] in a 3–1 loss against the [[Edmonton Oilers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/edm-vs-sjs/1992/12/01/1992020300|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Edmonton Oilers - San Jose Sharks - Dec 1, 1992|publisher=National Hockey League}}</ref> On October 1, 1997, Whitney signed a contract to join the [[Edmonton Oilers]].<ref name="NHLBio">{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/player/ray-whitney-8458537|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Ray Whitney - Bio|publisher=National Hockey League}}</ref> He only played 9 games with the Oilers, scoring 1 goal and recording 3 assists. He was then placed on waivers by the Oilers. On November 6, 1997, Whitney was picked up off waiver by the [[Florida Panthers]].<ref name="NHLBio"/> On august 9, 2000, Whitney signed a three-year contract to stay with the Panthers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.floridapanthers.com/pressbox/news/resignray.shtml|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Florida Panthers Re-sign Ray Whitney|publisher=[[Florida Panthers]]|archive-date=April 18, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010418071338/http://www.floridapanthers.com/pressbox/news/resignray.shtml|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On March 13, 2001, the Panthers traded Whitney to the [[Columbus Blue Jackets]] in exchange for a [[Kevyn Adams]] and either a [[2001 NHL entry draft|2001]] or [[2002 NHL entry draft|2002]] conditional draft pick. (2001 fourth-round pick).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bluejackets.com/news/releases/204.html|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Blue Jackets Make Four Deals Prior to Today's Deadline|publisher=[[Columbus Blue Jackets]]|archive-date=August 18, 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010818034614/http://www.bluejackets.com/news/releases/204.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He played parts of three seasons with the Blue Jackets. On July 29, 2003, Whitney signed a three-year contract to join the [[Detroit Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/teams/news_story.asp?ID=48906&hubName=nhl-red_wings|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Red Wings sign Ray Whitney|publisher=[[The Sports Network]]|archive-date=October 1, 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031001045009/http://www.tsn.ca/nhl/teams/news_story.asp?ID=48906&hubName=nhl-red_wings|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He played a total of 67 games with the Red Wings, scoring 14 goals and recording 29 assists for 43 points. On August 6, 2005, Whitney signed a two-year, $1.5 million contract to join the [[Carolina Hurricanes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/hurricanes/news/hurricanes-agree-to-terms-with-ray-whitney/c-470459|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Hurricanes Agree to Terms With Ray Whitney|publisher=[[Carolina Hurricanes]]|archive-date=June 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630213536/https://www.nhl.com/hurricanes/news/hurricanes-agree-to-terms-with-ray-whitney/c-470459|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He helped the Hurricanes when they went on a run in the [[2006 Stanley Cup playoffs|playoffs]]. They defeated the [[Montreal Canadiens]], [[New Jersey Devils]], and [[Buffalo Sabres]]. They went on to defeat the [[Edmonton Oilers]] four games to three in the [[2006 Stanley Cup Final|Final]] to win the first [[Stanley Cup]] in Hurricanes franchise history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsobserver.com/sports/nhl/carolina-hurricanes/article312922263.html|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Seeds of Hurricanes’ Stanley Cup success were sown in a summer of uncertainty|publisher=[[The News & Observer]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/12713608/|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title='The Wizard' enjoying magical run with 'Canes'|publisher=[[NBC Sports]]|archive-date=May 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516131254/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/12713608/|url-status=dead}}</ref> On April 13, 2007, Whitney signed a three-year, $3.5 million contract to stay with the Hurricanes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/hurricanes-re-sign-whitney-1.636587|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Hurricanes re-sign Whitney|publisher=[[CBC Sports]]}}</ref> On October 21, 2009, he played in his [[List of NHL players with 1,000 games played|1,000 NHL game]], picking up an assist on a [[Eric Staal]] goal in a 4–3 shootout loss against the [[New York Islanders]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/cgy-vs-sjs/1992/04/15/1991020861|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Calgary Flames - San Jose Sharks - Apr 15, 1992|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> On July 1, 2010, Whitney signed a 2-year, $3 million contract to join the [[Arizona Coyotes|Phoenix Coyotes]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coyotes.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=533541|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Coyotes Sign Ray Whitney to Two-Year Contract|publisher=[[Arizona Coyotes|Phoenix Coyotes]]|archive-date=March 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327050848/http://coyotes.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=533541|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On March 31, 2012, he recorded his [[List of NHL players with 1,000 points|1,000 NHL game]], picking up an assist on a [[Radim Vrbata]] goal and then scoring later in a 4–0 win against the [[Anaheim Ducks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/nhl/news/ray-whitney-scores-1000th-point-in-coyotes-win|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Ray Whitney scores 1000th point in Coyotes win|publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> On July 1, 2012, Whitney signed a 2-year, $9 million contract to join the [[Dallas Stars]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stars.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=636707|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Dallas Stars Sign Forward Ray Whitney to Two-Year Contract|publisher=[[Dallas Stars]]|archive-date=July 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707141201/http://stars.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=636707|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Over his teo seasons with the Stars, Whitney scored 20 goals and recorded 41 assists for 61 points. On January 21, 2015, Whitney announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/12205803/ray-whitney-retires-22-nhl-seasons|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Ray Whitney retires after 22 NHL seasons|publisher=ESPN}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Whitney, Ray}} [[Category:1972 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian ice hockey left wingers]] [[Category:Carolina Hurricanes players]] [[Category:Columbus Blue Jackets players]] [[Category:Dallas Stars players]] [[Category:Detroit Red Wings players]] [[Category:Edmonton Oilers players]] [[Category:Florida Panthers players]] [[Category:Ice hockey people from Alberta]] [[Category:Kentucky Thoroughblades players]] [[Category:Phoenix Coyotes players]] [[Category:San Jose Sharks players]] [[Category:Spokane Chiefs players]] [[Category:Stanley Cup champions]] 9zs2wqvsy1o38c1a9i1uuvg3vygx2jy 0 1252199 10882529 10853973 2026-06-09T19:03:44Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Laura Fernández Delgado | image = Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg | caption = Fernández in 2026 | order = 50th | office = President of Costa Rica | vice_president = [[Francisco Gamboa (politician)|Francisco Gamboa]]<br />[[Douglas Soto]] | term_start = 8 May 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | office1 = [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica]] | term_start1 = 4 February 2026 | term_end1 = 8 May 2026 | president1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor1 = ''Herself'' | successor1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | term_start2 = 22 June 2024 | term_end2 = 31 January 2025 | president2 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor2 = {{ill|Natalia Díaz Quintana|es}} | successor2 = ''Herself'' | office3 = [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica]] | term_start3 = 8 May 2022 | term_end3 = 8 January 2025 | president3 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor3 = Pilar Garrido Gonzalo | successor3 = {{ill|Marta Esquivel Rodríguez|es}} | birth_name = Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|07|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Puntarenas]], Costa Rica | death_date = <!--{{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1986|07|04|df=y}}--> | death_place = | party = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] (since 2025) | other_party = [[Christian Democratic Alliance (Costa Rica)|Christian Democratic Alliance]] (2018–2025) | spouse = Jeffrey Umaña Avendaño (m. 2020) | children = 1<ref>{{cite news|title=Quién es Laura Fernández, la nueva presidenta de Costa Rica|url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/quien-es-laura-fernandez-la-nueva-presidenta-de-costa-rica/|work=[[La Tercera]]|date=2 February 2026}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[University of Costa Rica]] | occupation = {{hlist|Political scientist|politician}} | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = }} '''Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado''' (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and [[political scientist]] who has been the 50th and current [[President of Costa Rica]] since 2026. She successfully ran for president of her country in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 general election]]. Fernández is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[populism|populist]]. She is a member of the [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]], part of the [[Chavismo (Costa Rica)|Chavista movement]]. She was a candidate for [[Vice President of Costa Rica|vice president]] in the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 election]]. She was a government minister in the cabinet of [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] from 2022 to 2025. ==Political career== ===Government service=== From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a [[consultant]] for the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]'s State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] from 2014 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tse.go.cr/fichas/static/35bc6c272642b79cdcd27fc4e9a0f1d8/603560620.pdf|title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Perfil Académico y Profesional|trans-title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Academic and Professional Profile|language=es|access-date=5 December 2025|work=[[Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]}}</ref> During the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 presidential election]], Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web|url=https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|title=A los 31 Años Aspira a Convertirse en Vice Presidenta de la República|trans-title=At 31 Years Old, She Aspires to Become Vice President of the Republic|language=es|date=20 November 2017|access-date=28 November 2025|work=Revista Petra|first1=Marilyn|last1=Batista Márquez|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212045703/https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning.<ref name="TSE" /> On 8 May 2022, President [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] appointed Fernández as the minister of national planning and economic policy. Chaves also appointed Fernández as [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency]] on 21 June 2024. On 31 January 2025, Fernández resigned from her government roles to be allowed to run as a presidential candidate in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|title=Laura Fernández Deja Presidencia Tras 7 Meses de Constantes Cuestionamientos|trans-title=Laura Fernández Leaves the Presidency After 7 Months of Constant Questioning|language=es|date=30 January 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=CR Hoy|first1=Carlos|last1=Mora|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212044657/https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===2026 presidential campaign === Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica: Conservative Laura Fernandez wins election|url=https://www.dw.com/en/costa-rica-conservative-laura-fernandez-wins-election/a-75762471|access-date=2026-02-04|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Crime had risen a lot in the last four years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mega|first=Emiliano Rodríguez|last2=Bolaños|first2=David|date=2026-02-02|title=Laura Fernández Wins Costa Rican Presidency|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/world/americas/costa-rica-election-fernandez.html|access-date=2026-02-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, [[Rodrigo Chaves]].<ref name=":0" /> On 2 February 2026, she was declared the winner, according to NPR.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Press|first=The Associated|date=2026-02-02|title=Populist conservative Laura Fernández wins Costa Rica's presidential election|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/02/02/g-s1-108418/costa-rica-election-laura-fernandez-wins|access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|title=Estos son los 20 Candidatos a Presidente de Costa Rica para las Elecciones 2026|trans-title=These are the 20 Candidates for President of Costa Rica in the 2026 Elections|language=es|date=1 October 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=Grupo de Diarios América|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212052511/https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|url-status=live}}</ref> She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |title=Conservative populist Laura Fernández wins Costa Rican presidency, preliminary results show |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |publisher=AP News |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202043729/https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Presidency === Om 8 May 2026, Fernández took office.<ref>{{Cite web|last=EFE|first=Agencia|date=2026-05-08|title=Laura Fernández takes office as Costa Rica's 50th president - EFE|url=https://efe.com/english/latest-news/2026-05-08/laura-fernandez-takes-office-as-costa-ricas-50th-president/|access-date=2026-05-09|website=EFE Noticias|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez Delgado, Laura}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Political scientists]] [[Category:Costa Rican politicians]] 26o5iv1u45b7fn1qfxspta9gum2tuwa 10882530 10882529 2026-06-09T19:05:00Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Political career */ 10882530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Laura Fernández Delgado | image = Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg | caption = Fernández in 2026 | order = 50th | office = President of Costa Rica | vice_president = [[Francisco Gamboa (politician)|Francisco Gamboa]]<br />[[Douglas Soto]] | term_start = 8 May 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | office1 = [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica]] | term_start1 = 4 February 2026 | term_end1 = 8 May 2026 | president1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor1 = ''Herself'' | successor1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | term_start2 = 22 June 2024 | term_end2 = 31 January 2025 | president2 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor2 = {{ill|Natalia Díaz Quintana|es}} | successor2 = ''Herself'' | office3 = [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica]] | term_start3 = 8 May 2022 | term_end3 = 8 January 2025 | president3 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor3 = Pilar Garrido Gonzalo | successor3 = {{ill|Marta Esquivel Rodríguez|es}} | birth_name = Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|07|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Puntarenas]], Costa Rica | death_date = <!--{{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1986|07|04|df=y}}--> | death_place = | party = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] (since 2025) | other_party = [[Christian Democratic Alliance (Costa Rica)|Christian Democratic Alliance]] (2018–2025) | spouse = Jeffrey Umaña Avendaño (m. 2020) | children = 1<ref>{{cite news|title=Quién es Laura Fernández, la nueva presidenta de Costa Rica|url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/quien-es-laura-fernandez-la-nueva-presidenta-de-costa-rica/|work=[[La Tercera]]|date=2 February 2026}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[University of Costa Rica]] | occupation = {{hlist|Political scientist|politician}} | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = }} '''Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado''' (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and [[political scientist]] who has been the 50th and current [[President of Costa Rica]] since 2026. She successfully ran for president of her country in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 general election]]. Fernández is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[populism|populist]]. She is a member of the [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]], part of the [[Chavismo (Costa Rica)|Chavista movement]]. She was a candidate for [[Vice President of Costa Rica|vice president]] in the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 election]]. She was a government minister in the cabinet of [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] from 2022 to 2025. ==Political career== From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a [[consultant]] for the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]'s State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] from 2014 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tse.go.cr/fichas/static/35bc6c272642b79cdcd27fc4e9a0f1d8/603560620.pdf|title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Perfil Académico y Profesional|trans-title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Academic and Professional Profile|language=es|access-date=5 December 2025|work=[[Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]}}</ref> During the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 presidential election]], Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web|url=https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|title=A los 31 Años Aspira a Convertirse en Vice Presidenta de la República|trans-title=At 31 Years Old, She Aspires to Become Vice President of the Republic|language=es|date=20 November 2017|access-date=28 November 2025|work=Revista Petra|first1=Marilyn|last1=Batista Márquez|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212045703/https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning.<ref name="TSE" /> On 8 May 2022, President [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] appointed Fernández as the minister of national planning and economic policy. Chaves also appointed Fernández as [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency]] on 21 June 2024. On 31 January 2025, Fernández resigned from her government roles to be allowed to run as a presidential candidate in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|title=Laura Fernández Deja Presidencia Tras 7 Meses de Constantes Cuestionamientos|trans-title=Laura Fernández Leaves the Presidency After 7 Months of Constant Questioning|language=es|date=30 January 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=CR Hoy|first1=Carlos|last1=Mora|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212044657/https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Presidency== ===2026 presidential campaign === Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica: Conservative Laura Fernandez wins election|url=https://www.dw.com/en/costa-rica-conservative-laura-fernandez-wins-election/a-75762471|access-date=2026-02-04|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Crime had risen a lot in the last four years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mega|first=Emiliano Rodríguez|last2=Bolaños|first2=David|date=2026-02-02|title=Laura Fernández Wins Costa Rican Presidency|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/world/americas/costa-rica-election-fernandez.html|access-date=2026-02-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, [[Rodrigo Chaves]].<ref name=":0" /> On 2 February 2026, she was declared the winner, according to NPR.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Press|first=The Associated|date=2026-02-02|title=Populist conservative Laura Fernández wins Costa Rica's presidential election|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/02/02/g-s1-108418/costa-rica-election-laura-fernandez-wins|access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|title=Estos son los 20 Candidatos a Presidente de Costa Rica para las Elecciones 2026|trans-title=These are the 20 Candidates for President of Costa Rica in the 2026 Elections|language=es|date=1 October 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=Grupo de Diarios América|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212052511/https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|url-status=live}}</ref> She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |title=Conservative populist Laura Fernández wins Costa Rican presidency, preliminary results show |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |publisher=AP News |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202043729/https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Tenure=== Fernández was [[inauguration|inaugurated]] as the 50th [[President of Costa Rica]] on 8 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|last=EFE|first=Agencia|date=2026-05-08|title=Laura Fernández takes office as Costa Rica's 50th president - EFE|url=https://efe.com/english/latest-news/2026-05-08/laura-fernandez-takes-office-as-costa-ricas-50th-president/|access-date=2026-05-09|website=EFE Noticias|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez Delgado, Laura}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Political scientists]] [[Category:Costa Rican politicians]] j47uc3d4tm3drdjcelfs0mpzmcq1qe3 10882531 10882530 2026-06-09T19:05:38Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Laura Fernández Delgado | image = Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg | caption = Fernández in 2026 | order = 50th | office = President of Costa Rica | vicepresident = [[Francisco Gamboa (politician)|Francisco Gamboa]]<br />[[Douglas Soto]] | term_start = 8 May 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | office1 = [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica]] | term_start1 = 4 February 2026 | term_end1 = 8 May 2026 | president1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor1 = ''Herself'' | successor1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | term_start2 = 22 June 2024 | term_end2 = 31 January 2025 | president2 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor2 = {{ill|Natalia Díaz Quintana|es}} | successor2 = ''Herself'' | office3 = [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica]] | term_start3 = 8 May 2022 | term_end3 = 8 January 2025 | president3 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor3 = Pilar Garrido Gonzalo | successor3 = {{ill|Marta Esquivel Rodríguez|es}} | birth_name = Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|07|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Puntarenas]], Costa Rica | death_date = <!--{{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1986|07|04|df=y}}--> | death_place = | party = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] (since 2025) | other_party = [[Christian Democratic Alliance (Costa Rica)|Christian Democratic Alliance]] (2018–2025) | spouse = Jeffrey Umaña Avendaño (m. 2020) | children = 1<ref>{{cite news|title=Quién es Laura Fernández, la nueva presidenta de Costa Rica|url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/quien-es-laura-fernandez-la-nueva-presidenta-de-costa-rica/|work=[[La Tercera]]|date=2 February 2026}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[University of Costa Rica]] | occupation = {{hlist|Political scientist|politician}} | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = }} '''Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado''' (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and [[political scientist]] who has been the 50th and current [[President of Costa Rica]] since 2026. She successfully ran for president of her country in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 general election]]. Fernández is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[populism|populist]]. She is a member of the [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]], part of the [[Chavismo (Costa Rica)|Chavista movement]]. She was a candidate for [[Vice President of Costa Rica|vice president]] in the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 election]]. She was a government minister in the cabinet of [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] from 2022 to 2025. ==Political career== From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a [[consultant]] for the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]'s State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] from 2014 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tse.go.cr/fichas/static/35bc6c272642b79cdcd27fc4e9a0f1d8/603560620.pdf|title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Perfil Académico y Profesional|trans-title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Academic and Professional Profile|language=es|access-date=5 December 2025|work=[[Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]}}</ref> During the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 presidential election]], Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web|url=https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|title=A los 31 Años Aspira a Convertirse en Vice Presidenta de la República|trans-title=At 31 Years Old, She Aspires to Become Vice President of the Republic|language=es|date=20 November 2017|access-date=28 November 2025|work=Revista Petra|first1=Marilyn|last1=Batista Márquez|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212045703/https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning.<ref name="TSE" /> On 8 May 2022, President [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] appointed Fernández as the minister of national planning and economic policy. Chaves also appointed Fernández as [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency]] on 21 June 2024. On 31 January 2025, Fernández resigned from her government roles to be allowed to run as a presidential candidate in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|title=Laura Fernández Deja Presidencia Tras 7 Meses de Constantes Cuestionamientos|trans-title=Laura Fernández Leaves the Presidency After 7 Months of Constant Questioning|language=es|date=30 January 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=CR Hoy|first1=Carlos|last1=Mora|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212044657/https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Presidency== ===2026 presidential campaign === Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica: Conservative Laura Fernandez wins election|url=https://www.dw.com/en/costa-rica-conservative-laura-fernandez-wins-election/a-75762471|access-date=2026-02-04|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Crime had risen a lot in the last four years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mega|first=Emiliano Rodríguez|last2=Bolaños|first2=David|date=2026-02-02|title=Laura Fernández Wins Costa Rican Presidency|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/world/americas/costa-rica-election-fernandez.html|access-date=2026-02-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, [[Rodrigo Chaves]].<ref name=":0" /> On 2 February 2026, she was declared the winner, according to NPR.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Press|first=The Associated|date=2026-02-02|title=Populist conservative Laura Fernández wins Costa Rica's presidential election|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/02/02/g-s1-108418/costa-rica-election-laura-fernandez-wins|access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|title=Estos son los 20 Candidatos a Presidente de Costa Rica para las Elecciones 2026|trans-title=These are the 20 Candidates for President of Costa Rica in the 2026 Elections|language=es|date=1 October 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=Grupo de Diarios América|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212052511/https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|url-status=live}}</ref> She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |title=Conservative populist Laura Fernández wins Costa Rican presidency, preliminary results show |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |publisher=AP News |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202043729/https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Tenure=== Fernández was [[inauguration|inaugurated]] as the 50th [[President of Costa Rica]] on 8 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|last=EFE|first=Agencia|date=2026-05-08|title=Laura Fernández takes office as Costa Rica's 50th president - EFE|url=https://efe.com/english/latest-news/2026-05-08/laura-fernandez-takes-office-as-costa-ricas-50th-president/|access-date=2026-05-09|website=EFE Noticias|language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez Delgado, Laura}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Political scientists]] [[Category:Costa Rican politicians]] 973adm0235ckv2a6di3wvvvutob5b2o 10882532 10882531 2026-06-09T19:06:35Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 /* Tenure */ 10882532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Laura Fernández Delgado | image = Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg | caption = Fernández in 2026 | order = 50th | office = President of Costa Rica | vicepresident = [[Francisco Gamboa (politician)|Francisco Gamboa]]<br />[[Douglas Soto]] | term_start = 8 May 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | office1 = [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica]] | term_start1 = 4 February 2026 | term_end1 = 8 May 2026 | president1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor1 = ''Herself'' | successor1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | term_start2 = 22 June 2024 | term_end2 = 31 January 2025 | president2 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor2 = {{ill|Natalia Díaz Quintana|es}} | successor2 = ''Herself'' | office3 = [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica]] | term_start3 = 8 May 2022 | term_end3 = 8 January 2025 | president3 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor3 = Pilar Garrido Gonzalo | successor3 = {{ill|Marta Esquivel Rodríguez|es}} | birth_name = Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|07|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Puntarenas]], Costa Rica | death_date = <!--{{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1986|07|04|df=y}}--> | death_place = | party = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] (since 2025) | other_party = [[Christian Democratic Alliance (Costa Rica)|Christian Democratic Alliance]] (2018–2025) | spouse = Jeffrey Umaña Avendaño (m. 2020) | children = 1<ref>{{cite news|title=Quién es Laura Fernández, la nueva presidenta de Costa Rica|url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/quien-es-laura-fernandez-la-nueva-presidenta-de-costa-rica/|work=[[La Tercera]]|date=2 February 2026}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[University of Costa Rica]] | occupation = {{hlist|Political scientist|politician}} | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = }} '''Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado''' (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and [[political scientist]] who has been the 50th and current [[President of Costa Rica]] since 2026. She successfully ran for president of her country in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 general election]]. Fernández is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[populism|populist]]. She is a member of the [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]], part of the [[Chavismo (Costa Rica)|Chavista movement]]. She was a candidate for [[Vice President of Costa Rica|vice president]] in the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 election]]. She was a government minister in the cabinet of [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] from 2022 to 2025. ==Political career== From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a [[consultant]] for the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]'s State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] from 2014 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tse.go.cr/fichas/static/35bc6c272642b79cdcd27fc4e9a0f1d8/603560620.pdf|title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Perfil Académico y Profesional|trans-title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Academic and Professional Profile|language=es|access-date=5 December 2025|work=[[Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]}}</ref> During the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 presidential election]], Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web|url=https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|title=A los 31 Años Aspira a Convertirse en Vice Presidenta de la República|trans-title=At 31 Years Old, She Aspires to Become Vice President of the Republic|language=es|date=20 November 2017|access-date=28 November 2025|work=Revista Petra|first1=Marilyn|last1=Batista Márquez|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212045703/https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning.<ref name="TSE" /> On 8 May 2022, President [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] appointed Fernández as the minister of national planning and economic policy. Chaves also appointed Fernández as [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency]] on 21 June 2024. On 31 January 2025, Fernández resigned from her government roles to be allowed to run as a presidential candidate in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|title=Laura Fernández Deja Presidencia Tras 7 Meses de Constantes Cuestionamientos|trans-title=Laura Fernández Leaves the Presidency After 7 Months of Constant Questioning|language=es|date=30 January 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=CR Hoy|first1=Carlos|last1=Mora|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212044657/https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Presidency== ===2026 presidential campaign === Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica: Conservative Laura Fernandez wins election|url=https://www.dw.com/en/costa-rica-conservative-laura-fernandez-wins-election/a-75762471|access-date=2026-02-04|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Crime had risen a lot in the last four years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mega|first=Emiliano Rodríguez|last2=Bolaños|first2=David|date=2026-02-02|title=Laura Fernández Wins Costa Rican Presidency|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/world/americas/costa-rica-election-fernandez.html|access-date=2026-02-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, [[Rodrigo Chaves]].<ref name=":0" /> On 2 February 2026, she was declared the winner, according to NPR.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Press|first=The Associated|date=2026-02-02|title=Populist conservative Laura Fernández wins Costa Rica's presidential election|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/02/02/g-s1-108418/costa-rica-election-laura-fernandez-wins|access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|title=Estos son los 20 Candidatos a Presidente de Costa Rica para las Elecciones 2026|trans-title=These are the 20 Candidates for President of Costa Rica in the 2026 Elections|language=es|date=1 October 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=Grupo de Diarios América|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212052511/https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|url-status=live}}</ref> She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |title=Conservative populist Laura Fernández wins Costa Rican presidency, preliminary results show |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |publisher=AP News |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202043729/https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Tenure=== Fernández was [[inauguration|inaugurated]] as the 50th [[President of Costa Rica]] on 8 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|last=EFE|first=Agencia|date=2026-05-08|title=Laura Fernández takes office as Costa Rica's 50th president - EFE|url=https://efe.com/english/latest-news/2026-05-08/laura-fernandez-takes-office-as-costa-ricas-50th-president/|access-date=2026-05-09|website=EFE Noticias|language=en}}</ref> She is the second female president of Costa Rica after [[Laura Chinchilla]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muñoz-Ledo |first1=Rocío |title=Laura Fernández asumirá en mayo como la segunda mujer presidenta de Costa Rica |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Laura Fernández will take office in May as Costa Rica's second female president |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202092430/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez Delgado, Laura}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Political scientists]] [[Category:Costa Rican politicians]] gh04fqcedirh72p4o1ew4yychfnrtol 10882533 10882532 2026-06-09T19:06:58Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 +[[Category:Current national leaders]]; ±[[Category:Costa Rican politicians]]→[[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Laura Fernández Delgado | image = Laura Fernandez Delgado presidential inauguration 20260508 0515 (cropped).jpg | caption = Fernández in 2026 | order = 50th | office = President of Costa Rica | vicepresident = [[Francisco Gamboa (politician)|Francisco Gamboa]]<br />[[Douglas Soto]] | term_start = 8 May 2026 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] | office1 = [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica]] | term_start1 = 4 February 2026 | term_end1 = 8 May 2026 | president1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor1 = ''Herself'' | successor1 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | term_start2 = 22 June 2024 | term_end2 = 31 January 2025 | president2 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor2 = {{ill|Natalia Díaz Quintana|es}} | successor2 = ''Herself'' | office3 = [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica]] | term_start3 = 8 May 2022 | term_end3 = 8 January 2025 | president3 = Rodrigo Chaves Robles | predecessor3 = Pilar Garrido Gonzalo | successor3 = {{ill|Marta Esquivel Rodríguez|es}} | birth_name = Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1986|07|04|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Puntarenas]], Costa Rica | death_date = <!--{{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|1986|07|04|df=y}}--> | death_place = | party = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] (since 2025) | other_party = [[Christian Democratic Alliance (Costa Rica)|Christian Democratic Alliance]] (2018–2025) | spouse = Jeffrey Umaña Avendaño (m. 2020) | children = 1<ref>{{cite news|title=Quién es Laura Fernández, la nueva presidenta de Costa Rica|url=https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/quien-es-laura-fernandez-la-nueva-presidenta-de-costa-rica/|work=[[La Tercera]]|date=2 February 2026}}</ref> | alma_mater = [[University of Costa Rica]] | occupation = {{hlist|Political scientist|politician}} | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = }} '''Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado''' (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and [[political scientist]] who has been the 50th and current [[President of Costa Rica]] since 2026. She successfully ran for president of her country in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 general election]]. Fernández is a [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[populism|populist]]. She is a member of the [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]], part of the [[Chavismo (Costa Rica)|Chavista movement]]. She was a candidate for [[Vice President of Costa Rica|vice president]] in the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 election]]. She was a government minister in the cabinet of [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] from 2022 to 2025. ==Political career== From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a [[consultant]] for the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]'s State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] from 2014 to 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tse.go.cr/fichas/static/35bc6c272642b79cdcd27fc4e9a0f1d8/603560620.pdf|title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Perfil Académico y Profesional|trans-title=Laura Fernández Delgado: Academic and Professional Profile|language=es|access-date=5 December 2025|work=[[Supreme Electoral Court of Costa Rica|Supreme Electoral Court]]}}</ref> During the [[2018 Costa Rican general election|2018 presidential election]], Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.<ref name="TSE">{{cite web|url=https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|title=A los 31 Años Aspira a Convertirse en Vice Presidenta de la República|trans-title=At 31 Years Old, She Aspires to Become Vice President of the Republic|language=es|date=20 November 2017|access-date=28 November 2025|work=Revista Petra|first1=Marilyn|last1=Batista Márquez|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212045703/https://revistapetra.com/a-los-31-anos-aspira-a-convertirse-en-vice-presidenta-de-la-republica/?amp=1|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the [[Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica)|Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy]]. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning.<ref name="TSE" /> On 8 May 2022, President [[Rodrigo Chaves Robles]] appointed Fernández as the minister of national planning and economic policy. Chaves also appointed Fernández as [[Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica)|Minister of the Presidency]] on 21 June 2024. On 31 January 2025, Fernández resigned from her government roles to be allowed to run as a presidential candidate in the [[2026 Costa Rican general election|2026 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|title=Laura Fernández Deja Presidencia Tras 7 Meses de Constantes Cuestionamientos|trans-title=Laura Fernández Leaves the Presidency After 7 Months of Constant Questioning|language=es|date=30 January 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=CR Hoy|first1=Carlos|last1=Mora|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212044657/https://crhoy.com/nacionales/laura-fernandez-deja-presidencia-tras-7-meses-de-constantes-cuestionamientos/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Presidency== ===2026 presidential campaign === Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Costa Rica: Conservative Laura Fernandez wins election|url=https://www.dw.com/en/costa-rica-conservative-laura-fernandez-wins-election/a-75762471|access-date=2026-02-04|website=dw.com|language=en}}</ref> Crime had risen a lot in the last four years.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mega|first=Emiliano Rodríguez|last2=Bolaños|first2=David|date=2026-02-02|title=Laura Fernández Wins Costa Rican Presidency|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/01/world/americas/costa-rica-election-fernandez.html|access-date=2026-02-04|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, [[Rodrigo Chaves]].<ref name=":0" /> On 2 February 2026, she was declared the winner, according to NPR.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Press|first=The Associated|date=2026-02-02|title=Populist conservative Laura Fernández wins Costa Rica's presidential election|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2026/02/02/g-s1-108418/costa-rica-election-laura-fernandez-wins|access-date=2026-02-04}}</ref> Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|title=Estos son los 20 Candidatos a Presidente de Costa Rica para las Elecciones 2026|trans-title=These are the 20 Candidates for President of Costa Rica in the 2026 Elections|language=es|date=1 October 2025|access-date=5 December 2025|work=Grupo de Diarios América|archive-date=12 December 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212052511/https://gda.com/detalle-de-la-noticia/?article=5877538|url-status=live}}</ref> She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |title=Conservative populist Laura Fernández wins Costa Rican presidency, preliminary results show |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |publisher=AP News |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202043729/https://apnews.com/article/costa-rica-election-results-fernandez-chaves-f072f4e01cde74a2f037072cc03293d5 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Tenure=== Fernández was [[inauguration|inaugurated]] as the 50th [[President of Costa Rica]] on 8 May 2026.<ref>{{Cite web|last=EFE|first=Agencia|date=2026-05-08|title=Laura Fernández takes office as Costa Rica's 50th president - EFE|url=https://efe.com/english/latest-news/2026-05-08/laura-fernandez-takes-office-as-costa-ricas-50th-president/|access-date=2026-05-09|website=EFE Noticias|language=en}}</ref> She is the second female president of Costa Rica after [[Laura Chinchilla]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Muñoz-Ledo |first1=Rocío |title=Laura Fernández asumirá en mayo como la segunda mujer presidenta de Costa Rica |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |access-date=2 February 2026 |date=2 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Laura Fernández will take office in May as Costa Rica's second female president |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202092430/http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2026/02/02/latinoamerica/laura-fernandez-segunda-mujer-presidenta-costa-rica-orix |url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{bio-stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez Delgado, Laura}} [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Political scientists]] [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] [[Category:Current national leaders]] brmmzr3g20pf9iwp4gm9797qeamw4lr 0 1252328 10882547 10867783 2026-06-09T19:18:45Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | country = Costa Rica | flag_year = state | type = general | previous_election = 2022 Costa Rican general election | previous_year = 2022 | election_date = 1 February 2026 | next_election = 2030 Costa Rican general election | next_year = ''2030'' | module = {{Infobox election | embed = yes | election_name = Presidential election | type = presidential | turnout = 69.08% {{increase}} 9.11[[percentage point|pp]] | image1 = [[File:Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado in 2017.jpg|125px]] | nominee1 = '''[[Laura Fernández Delgado]]''' | party1 = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] | color1=019ba3 | running_mate1 = '''[[Francisco Gamboa (politician)|Francisco Gamboa]]<br />Douglas Soto''' | popular_vote1 = '''1,191,727''' | percentage1 = '''48.30%''' | image2 = [[File:Alvaro Ramos Chaves ALCR 14 marzo 2023 (5) (cropped).jpg|120px]] | nominee2 = [[Álvaro Ramos Chaves]] | party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) | running_mate2 = Karen Segura<br />Xinia Chaves | popular_vote2 = 825,041 | percentage2 = 33.44% | map = | title = [[President of Costa Rica|President]] | before_election = [[Rodrigo Chaves]] | before_party = Social Democratic Progress Party | after_election = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | after_party = [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]] | module = {{Infobox legislative election | embed = yes | election_name = Legislative election | seats_for_election = All 57 seats in the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]] | majority_seats = 29 | turnout = 72.11% {{increase}} 11.46[[percentage point|pp]] | party1 = Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica) | color1 = #019ba3 | leader1 = [[Laura Fernández Delgado]] | seats1 = 31 | percentage1 = 39.10 | last_election1 = 0 | party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) | leader2 = [[Álvaro Ramos Chaves]] | seats2 = 17 | percentage2 = 25.30 | last_election2 = 19 | party3 = Broad Front (Costa Rica) | leader3 = [[Ariel Robles]] | seats3 = 7 | percentage3 = 15.73 | last_election3 = 6 | party4 = [[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|PAC]]–[[National Democratic Agenda|ADN]] | leader4 = [[Claudia Dobles Camargo|Claudia Dobles]] | seats4 = 1 | percentage4 = 5.00 | last_election4 = 0 | party5 = Social Christian Unity Party | leader5 = Juan Carlos Hidalgo | seats5 = 1 | percentage5 = 4.77 | last_election5 = 9 | map = File:Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 2026 - Diputados por Provincia.svg | map_caption = Results by province }}}}}} [[General elections]] were held in [[Costa Rica]] on 1 February 2026. Voters went to elect a new [[President of Costa Rica|president]] for a four-year term and all 57 members of the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laprensagrafica.com/internacional/cierran-las-mesas-de-votacion-en-costa-rica-e-inicia-la-espera-del-conteo-hay-20-candidatos-en-la-contienda-20260201-0047.html|title=Laura Fernández Será la Nueva Presidenta de Costa Rica Tras Ganar Elecciones|trans-title=Laura Fernández Will Be the New President of Costa Rica After Winning Elections|language=es|date=1 February 2026|access-date=2 February 2026|work=[[La Prensa Gráfica]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Laura Fernández Delgado]], the candidate of the ruling [[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|Sovereign People's Party]] (PPSO), won the presidential election with 48.30% of the votes, beating [[Álvaro Ramos Chaves]] of the [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] (PLN) and 18 other candidates in the first round.<ref name="infobae1">{{cite news |last1=Rivera |first1=Marcella |last2=Quirós Zúñiga |first2=Fabricio |last3=Parada |first3=Abigail |last4=García |first4=Jessica |last5=Urías |first5=Thania |last6=Urquilla |first6=Katlen |title=Elecciones en Costa Rica: Líderes internacionales felicitan a Laura Fernández por su elección como presidenta |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2026/02/01/en-vivo-elecciones-costa-rica-2026/ |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=[[Infobae]] |date=1 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Elections in Costa Rica: International leaders congratulate Laura Fernández on her election as president |archive-date=1 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260201072011/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2026/02/01/en-vivo-elecciones-costa-rica-2026/ |url-status=live }}</ref> No runoff needed since Fernández won more than 40% of the vote. She is the second woman to be elected president of Costa Rica.<ref name="infobae2">{{cite news |last1=García |first1=Jessica |title=Laura Fernández, la presidenta electa de Costa Rica que promete mano dura contra el crimen organizado |url=https://www.infobae.com/costa-rica/2026/02/02/laura-fernandez-la-presidenta-electa-de-costa-rica-que-promete-continuidad-y-mano-dura-contra-el-crimen-organizado/ |access-date=2 February 2026 |work=Infobae |date=2 February 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Laura Fernández, Costa Rica's president-elect, promises a tough stance on organised crime |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202062009/https://www.infobae.com/costa-rica/2026/02/02/laura-fernandez-la-presidenta-electa-de-costa-rica-que-promete-continuidad-y-mano-dura-contra-el-crimen-organizado/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Opinion polling== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:81%; line-height:13px;" ! rowspan="4" |Pollster ! rowspan="4" |Date ! rowspan="4" |Sample ![[File:Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz Asamblea Legislativa 2 (cropped).jpg|frameless|62x62px]] ![[File:Claudia Dobles Camargo (2025).jpg|frameless|62x62px]] ![[File:Laura Fernández Delgado in 2017.png|frameless|61x61px]] ![[File:Alvaro Ramos Chaves ALCR 14 marzo 2023 (8).jpg|frameless|62x62px]] ![[File:Ariel Robles Barrantes copia.png|frameless|61x61px]] ! rowspan="4" |Other ! rowspan="4" |DK/DA ! rowspan="4" |Neither |- ![[Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz|Alvarado]]<br/><small>[[New Republic Party (Costa Rica)|PNR]]</small> ![[Claudia Dobles Camargo|Dobles]]<br/><small>[[Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica)|PAC/ADN]]</small> ![[Laura Fernández Delgado|Fernández]]<br/><small>[[Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)|PPSO]]</small> !Ramos<br/><small>[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]]</small> ![[Ariel Robles|Robles]]<br/><small>[[Broad Front (Costa Rica)|FA]]</small> |- ![[File:Bandera Partido Nueva República Costa Rica.svg|frameless|37x37px]] ![[File:Bandera de la coalición Agenda Ciudadana.svg|frameless|38x38px]] ![[File:Logotipo Partido Pueblo Soberano (PPSO).jpg|frameless|40x40px]] ![[File:Bandera de Partido Liberación Nacional.svg|frameless|34x34px]] ![[File:Flag of Frente Amplio (Costa Rica) 2005.svg|frameless|48x48px]] |- | bgcolor="#458bc0" | | bgcolor="#FFDC00" | | bgcolor="#019ba3" | | bgcolor="#187048" | | bgcolor="#F7Df00" | |- |IDESPO<ref>{{cite web|website=repositorio.una.ac.cr |date=22 January 2026 |title=Informe de Resultados de La Encuesta de Opinión Pública |url=https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc34285a-392e-4328-9f74-9a5164c5a420/content}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |22 January 2026 |805 |1.7% |5.2% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''39.9%''' |6.0% |3.5% |4.2% |38.8% |0.7% |- |OPOL<ref>{{cite web |date=21 January 2026 |first=Yamileth |last=Angulo |title=Encuesta OPOL: Laura Fernández a las puertas de victoria histórica |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-opol-laura-fernandez-a-las-puertas-de-victoria-historica/ |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=22 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122023607/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-opol-laura-fernandez-a-las-puertas-de-victoria-historica/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |21 January 2026 |3075 |3.5% |3.6% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''43.2%''' |6.6% |2.6% |10.4% |29.8% |0.3% |- |CIEP<ref name="dup-0-34">{{cite web |website=Center for Political Research and Studies |date=21 January 2026 |title=Informe de Resultados de La Encuesta de Opinión Pública |url=https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/INFORME-DE-RESULTADOS-DE-LA-ENCUESTA-CIEP-UCR-21-ENERO-2026.html |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=24 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124165351/https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/INFORME-DE-RESULTADOS-DE-LA-ENCUESTA-CIEP-UCR-21-ENERO-2026.html |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |21 January 2026 |1006 |4.0% |5.0% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''40.0%''' |8.0% |4.0% |6.7% |32.0% |0.3% |- |OPOL<ref name="encuestalaurafern">{{cite web |date=14 January 2026 |first=Yamileth |last=Angulo |title=Encuesta: Laura Fernández sigue subiendo mientras rivales se estancan |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-sigue-subiendo-mientras-rivales-se-estancan/ |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=15 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115054556/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-sigue-subiendo-mientras-rivales-se-estancan/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |14 January 2026 |3070 |4.2% |3.1% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''42.5%''' |6.2% |3.0% |9.2% |29.0% |2.8% |- |OPOL<ref name="encuestalaurafern_1">{{cite web |date=7 January 2026 |first=Yamileth |last=Angulo |title=Encuesta: Laura Fernández duplica en apoyo a todos sus rivales juntos |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-duplica-en-apoyo-a-todos-sus-rivales-juntos |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=8 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108054918/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-duplica-en-apoyo-a-todos-sus-rivales-juntos/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |7 January 2026 |3008 |3.3% |2.7% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''40.3%''' |6.0% |3.1% |9.6% |34.5% |0.5% |- |CID Gallup<ref name="laurafernndez">{{cite web |date=6 January 2026 |first=Fernanda |last=Romero |title=Laura Fernández lidera intención de voto con 41% en última encuesta de Cid Gallup |url=https://www.monumental.co.cr/2026/01/06/laura-fernandez-lidera-intencion-de-voto-con-41-en-ultima-encuesta-de-cid-gallup/ |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=12 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112181147/https://www.monumental.co.cr/2026/01/06/laura-fernandez-lidera-intencion-de-voto-con-41-en-ultima-encuesta-de-cid-gallup/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |6 January 2026 |1200 |5.9% |3.6% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''40.7%''' |9.0% |4.3% |11.1% |11.0% |14.4% |- |OPOL<ref name="encuestalaurafern_2">{{cite web |date=23 December 2025 |first=Yamileth |last=Angulo |title=Encuesta: Laura Fernández termina el año con arrolladora ventaja que la pone a ganar en primera ronda |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-termina-el-ano-con-arrolladora-ventaja-que-la-pone-a-ganar-en-primera-ronda/ |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=25 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251225231448/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-termina-el-ano-con-arrolladora-ventaja-que-la-pone-a-ganar-en-primera-ronda/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |23 December 2025 |3241 |3.0% |2.6% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''39.4%''' |5.6% |3.1% |9.6% |33.8% |2.9% |- |Demoscopía<ref name="luchaporentrar">{{cite web|date=15 December 2025 |first=Esteban |last=Arrieta |title=Lucha por entrar al desempate electoral "es a muerte", según Demoscopía |url=https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/lucha-por-entrar-al-desempate-electoral-es-a-muerte-segun-demoscopia}}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |15 December 2025 |1200 |3.5% |3.1% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''27.4%''' |11.3% |4.8% |8.2% |41.7% | align="center" | - |- |OPOL<ref>{{cite web |author=OPOL |date=10 December 2025 |title=Encuesta: Laura Fernández se perfila a ganar en primera ronda sin rivales cerca |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-se-perfila-a-ganar-en-primera-ronda-sin-rivales-cerca/ |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=2 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260102083247/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-se-perfila-a-ganar-en-primera-ronda-sin-rivales-cerca/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |10 December 2025 |2965 |3.8% |2.4% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''38.0%''' |6.1% |3.6% |11.2% |32.7% |2.2% |- |Idespo<ref name="dup-0-65">{{cite web |website=Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |date=8 December 2025 |title=Informe de Resultados de La Encuesta de Opinión Pública |url=https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/server/api/core/bitstreams/3ddea712-c77b-4fde-af0f-fab1c70db248/content |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=19 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219065532/https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/server/api/core/bitstreams/3ddea712-c77b-4fde-af0f-fab1c70db248/content |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |8 December 2025 |805 |1.5% |5.2% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''32.8%''' |6.6% |3.7% |2.9% |45.5% |1.8% |- |CIEP<ref>{{cite web |website=Center for Political Research and Studies |date=3 December 2025 |title=Informe de Resultados de La Encuesta de Opinión Pública |url=https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/INFORME-RESULTADOS-DE-ENCUESTA-CIEP-UCR-DICIEMBRE-PANEL-2025.html }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |3 December 2025 |1759 |1.0% |4.0% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''30.0%''' |8.0% |5.0% |4.4% |45.0% |2.6% |- |OPOL<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2025-11-26 |date=2025-11-26 |first=Yamileth |language=es-CR |last=Angulo |title=Encuesta: Laura Fernández mantiene un fuerte apoyo a dos meses de las elecciones |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-mantiene-un-fuerte-apoyo-a-dos-meses-de-las-elecciones/ |website=El Mundo CR |archive-date=31 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251231094439/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-mantiene-un-fuerte-apoyo-a-dos-meses-de-las-elecciones/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |26 November 2025 |3040 |3.7% |2.8% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''37.7%''' |6.9% |3.4% |10.5% |34.1% |0.9% |- |Demoscopía<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2025-11-17 |date=2025-11-17 |first=Bharley |language=es-CR |last=Quirós |title=Nueva encuesta reafirma primer lugar de Fernández, pero perfila el balotaje |url=https://www.diarioextra.com/noticia/nueva-encuesta-reafirma-primer-lugar-de-fernandez-pero-perfila-el-balotaje/ |website=Diario Extra |archive-date=19 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219040333/https://www.diarioextra.com/noticia/nueva-encuesta-reafirma-primer-lugar-de-fernandez-pero-perfila-el-balotaje/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |17 November 2025 |1200 |5.0% |3.0% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''21.4%''' |9.0% |4.0% |10.5% |19.4% |27.7% |- |OPOL<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2025-11-12 |date=2025-11-12 |first=Yamileth |language=es-CR |last=Angulo |title=Encuesta: Laura Fernández tiene más apoyo que todos sus rivales juntos |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-tiene-mas-apoyo-que-todos-sus-rivales-juntos/ |website=El Mundo CR |archive-date=13 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113074849/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/encuesta-laura-fernandez-tiene-mas-apoyo-que-todos-sus-rivales-juntos/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |12 November 2025 |3072 |4.0% |1.3% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''37.8%''' |7.2% |2.4% |8.4% |37.9% |1.0% |- |IDESPO<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2025-11-06 |language=en |title=Informe de la encuesta "Percepción sobre la coyuntura política y el proceso electoral nacional, 2026 |url=https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/items/451014ee-2b0e-420c-beab-d8458c4d456e |website=Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica |archive-date=19 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219074127/https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/items/451014ee-2b0e-420c-beab-d8458c4d456e |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |6 November 2025 |832 |0.6% |2.3% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''28.1%''' |6.2% |2.9% |3.9% |54.0% |2.0% |- |OPOL<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2025-10-30 |date=2025-10-30 |first=Yamileth |language=es |last=Angulo |title=Laura Fernández aumenta ventaja a tres meses de las elecciones |url=https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/laura-fernandez-aumenta-ventaja-a-tres-meses-de-las-elecciones/ |website=El Mundo CR |archive-date=16 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216031329/https://elmundo.cr/costa-rica/laura-fernandez-aumenta-ventaja-a-tres-meses-de-las-elecciones/ |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |29 October 2025 |2951 |4.8% |2.9% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''31.2%''' |7.4% |3.7% |9.2% |39.0% |1.8% |- |CIEP<ref name=":7">{{cite web |website=Center for Political Research and Studies |title=Informe de Resultados de La Encuesta CIEP UCR Octubre 2025 |url=https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/INFORME-DE-RESULTADOS-DE-LA-ENCUESTA-CIEP-UCR-OCTUBRE-2025.html |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=2 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260202055351/https://ciep.ucr.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/INFORME-DE-RESULTADOS-DE-LA-ENCUESTA-CIEP-UCR-OCTUBRE-2025.html |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Spanish by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> |22 October 2025 |1333 |0.6% |3.0% | bgcolor="#95cdd2" |'''25.0%''' |7.0% |3.0% |3.9% |55.0% |2.5% |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[Category:February 2026 events]] [[Category:General elections]] [[Category:2026 elections]] [[Category:2020s in Costa Rica]] byuvplkwimitoucjhgy1gpbji79viuu 3 1253229 10882570 10765254 2026-06-09T19:39:21Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 10882570 wikitext text/x-wiki == Hairy ballse == Hello! I noticed that you may have come here from another Wikipedia, so you know a little about how things work here. I hope you like it here and decide to stay! Here are some links to help you adjust: *[[WP:EnWP|An English Wikipedian's guide]] *[[WP:How to write Simple English pages|Writing in Simple English]] *[[WP:Simple talk|Where to ask questions and discuss things]] *[[WP:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] There is a lot to do here. Most of it is writing articles that do not exist yet, which you can do by translating from other Wikipedias, but have a look around and see what you want to do. Thanks for joining us, and you know how to contact me if you need any help. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:17, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi, @[[User:Ferien|Ferien]], how's it going? [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, I'm doing great thanks :) Yourself? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:26, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :::same [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:34, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == February 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Der-Wir-Ing. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 08:54, 27 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] you mean those warnings that I usually do? [[Special:Contributions/Der-Wir-Ing]] I just considered [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_War&diff=prev&oldid=10765244 this] as so obvious vandalism, that I left no message. </nowiki> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 08:59, 27 February 2026 (UTC) ::Warning the user may deter them from persisting on with their actions. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 09:00, 27 February 2026 (UTC) 9qmb2n3nzegnzghupz2iiph7o75xw2i 10882571 10882570 2026-06-09T19:39:29Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by PieWriter: reverting [[WP:VAN|vandalism]] 10765254 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello! I noticed that you may have come here from another Wikipedia, so you know a little about how things work here. I hope you like it here and decide to stay! Here are some links to help you adjust: *[[WP:EnWP|An English Wikipedian's guide]] *[[WP:How to write Simple English pages|Writing in Simple English]] *[[WP:Simple talk|Where to ask questions and discuss things]] *[[WP:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] There is a lot to do here. Most of it is writing articles that do not exist yet, which you can do by translating from other Wikipedias, but have a look around and see what you want to do. Thanks for joining us, and you know how to contact me if you need any help. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:17, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi, @[[User:Ferien|Ferien]], how's it going? [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, I'm doing great thanks :) Yourself? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:26, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :::same [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:34, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == February 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Der-Wir-Ing. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 08:54, 27 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] you mean those warnings that I usually do? [[Special:Contributions/Der-Wir-Ing]] I just considered [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_War&diff=prev&oldid=10765244 this] as so obvious vandalism, that I left no message. </nowiki> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 08:59, 27 February 2026 (UTC) ::Warning the user may deter them from persisting on with their actions. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 09:00, 27 February 2026 (UTC) igp7g54bt44bk22ml0va6kkl8anbkv9 10882572 10882571 2026-06-09T19:39:45Z ~2026-34128-74 1819262 /* Hairy ballse */ 10882572 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == F cknoticed that you may have come here from another Wikipedia, so you know a little about how things work here. I hope you like it here and decide to stay! Here are some links to help you adjust: *[[WP:EnWP|An English Wikipedian's guide]] *[[WP:How to write Simple English pages|Writing in Simple English]] *[[WP:Simple talk|Where to ask questions and discuss things]] *[[WP:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] There is a lot to do here. Most of it is writing articles that do not exist yet, which you can do by translating from other Wikipedias, but have a look around and see what you want to do. Thanks for joining us, and you know how to contact me if you need any help. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:17, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi, @[[User:Ferien|Ferien]], how's it going? [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, I'm doing great thanks :) Yourself? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:26, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :::same [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:34, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == February 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Der-Wir-Ing. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 08:54, 27 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] you mean those warnings that I usually do? [[Special:Contributions/Der-Wir-Ing]] I just considered [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_War&diff=prev&oldid=10765244 this] as so obvious vandalism, that I left no message. </nowiki> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 08:59, 27 February 2026 (UTC) ::Warning the user may deter them from persisting on with their actions. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 09:00, 27 February 2026 (UTC) 0qa4m8osz6ioub8d1dkxe3jxki76lgy 10882573 10882572 2026-06-09T19:39:50Z Divinations 1530422 [[Help:Revert a page|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-34128-74|~2026-34128-74]] ([[User talk:~2026-34128-74|talk]]) to last version by Divinations 10765254 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welcome == Hello! I noticed that you may have come here from another Wikipedia, so you know a little about how things work here. I hope you like it here and decide to stay! Here are some links to help you adjust: *[[WP:EnWP|An English Wikipedian's guide]] *[[WP:How to write Simple English pages|Writing in Simple English]] *[[WP:Simple talk|Where to ask questions and discuss things]] *[[WP:How to copy from another Wikipedia|How to copy from another Wikipedia]] There is a lot to do here. Most of it is writing articles that do not exist yet, which you can do by translating from other Wikipedias, but have a look around and see what you want to do. Thanks for joining us, and you know how to contact me if you need any help. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:17, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :Hi, @[[User:Ferien|Ferien]], how's it going? [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:22, 10 February 2026 (UTC) ::Hey, I'm doing great thanks :) Yourself? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:26, 10 February 2026 (UTC) :::same [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 20:34, 10 February 2026 (UTC) == February 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Hello, Der-Wir-Ing. When you revert a user's changes, like you did earlier, don't forget to leave the user a message on their talk page, especially when reverting vandalism or a test edit. You may find [[Template:User talk page warnings/table]] useful when doing this, to let them know that the change was considered inappropriate, and to direct them to the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-warn --> [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 08:54, 27 February 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] you mean those warnings that I usually do? [[Special:Contributions/Der-Wir-Ing]] I just considered [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_War&diff=prev&oldid=10765244 this] as so obvious vandalism, that I left no message. </nowiki> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing#top|talk]]) 08:59, 27 February 2026 (UTC) ::Warning the user may deter them from persisting on with their actions. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|talk]]) 09:00, 27 February 2026 (UTC) igp7g54bt44bk22ml0va6kkl8anbkv9 0 1255765 10882612 10877952 2026-06-09T20:20:14Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:June 2026 events]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update|date=April 2026}} {{Current event|article|military conflict|date=February 2026}} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = 2026 Iran war | partof = the [[Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)]] | image = {{2026 Iran war map}} <!--DO NOT REMOVE THIS STYLE TAG--> <div style="text-align:center"> Locations struck by: {{ubl | {{color box|#302060|[[File:Maki7-cross-white.svg|16x16px]]}} United States and Israel | {{color box|#F00|[[File:Maki7-circle-stroked-white.svg|16x16px]]}} Iran, [[Hezbollah]], and [[Popular Mobilization Forces|PMF]] }} </div> | date = {{start date|2026|02|28|df=yes}} – present<br/>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=2|day1=28|year1=2026}}) | place = {{hlist | [[West Asia]]{{efn|Primarily the [[Persian Gulf]] and the [[Levant]], as well as [[Cyprus (island)|Cyprus]] ([[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]]) and the [[South Caucasus]].}} | [[Indian Ocean]] }} | status = Stalemate{{blist | Temporary [[2026 Iran war ceasefire|ceasefire]] since 8th April and [[2026 Lebanon war|Lebanon]] ceasefire since 16th April | Assassination of top Iranian officials including [[Assassination of Ali Khamenei|Ali Khamenei]] and [[Assassination of Ali Larijani|Ali Larijani]] by the [[United States]] and [[Israel]] | Iranian retaliation by striking American and Israeli targets and US allies and closure of the [[Strait of Hormuz]], resulting global hike of oil prices | Various European countries send forces to defend [[Cyprus]] against [[2026 drone strikes on Akrotiri and Dhekelia|Iranian strikes]] | [[2026 Iranian Supreme Leader election|Election]] of [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] as the [[Supreme Leader of Iran]] | Escalation between [[Hezbollah]] and [[Israel]] leads to the [[2026 Lebanon war|2026 Lebanon War]] }} <!-- NOTE: Avoid using the <br /> HTML tag per [[MOS:NOBR]]. Plain unbulleted lists should use {{ubl}} or {{plainlist}} instead. --> <!-- Combatants -->| combatant1 = {{tree list}} * {{flag|United States}} * {{flag|Israel}} * {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} * {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} * {{flag|Kuwait}} ---- * '''Attacked by Iran:''' * {{flag|Azerbaijan}} * {{flag|Bahrain}} <!-- The Republic of Cyprus itself has not yet been attacked or taken military action, only the British Overseas Territory on the island (see below). --> * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Jordan}} * {{flag|Oman}} * {{flag|Qatar}} * {{flag|Syria}}<!--Missile by Iran landed in Qamishli, Syria, failed to explode; Projectile by Hezbollah landed north-northwest of Damascus. No retaliatory action.--><ref>{{Cite web|title=People gather around unexploded missile intercepted by NATO over Syria |url=https://abcnews.com/video/130775398/ |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> * {{flag|Turkey}} * {{flag|United Kingdom}} ** {{flag|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} ** {{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} {{tree list/end}} ---- '''Bases targeted:'''{{tree list}} * {{flag|Australia}}{{efn|Missiles struck near an Australian military base in UAE.}} * {{flag|Italy}}{{efn|Missile struck Italian base in northern Iraq.}} * {{flag|Canada}} * {{flag|France}}{{efn|French soldiers killed and wounded in drone attack.}} * {{flag|Germany}}{{efn|Missiles struck a German field camp at the Al-Azraq Air Base in Jordan.}} {{tree list/end}} ---- '''Defensive countries:'''{{tree list}} * {{flag|Cyprus}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece and Cyprus Reactivate Common Defense Doctrine |website=Greek Reporter |url=https://greekreporter.com/2026/03/03/greece-cyprus-reactivate-common-defense-doctrine/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |archive-date=3 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260303074449/https://greekreporter.com/2026/03/03/greece-cyprus-reactivate-common-defense-doctrine/ |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flag|Greece}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece Says Ready To Defend Cyprus After Iranian Drone Hits UK Base |url=https://www.news18.com/world/greece-says-ready-to-defend-cyprus-after-iranian-drone-hits-uk-base-ws-l-9938796.html |website=News18 |date=2 March 2026 |last=Banerjee |first=Aveek |access-date=3 March 2026 |archive-date=2 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260302133858/https://www.news18.com/world/greece-says-ready-to-defend-cyprus-after-iranian-drone-hits-uk-base-ws-l-9938796.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece sends warships, fighter jets to defend Cyprus after drone strike |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/greece-warship-fighter-jet-cyprus-drone-strike/ |website=Politico |date=2 March 2026 |last=Stamouli |first=Nektaria |access-date=3 March 2026 |archive-date=3 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260303043405/https://www.politico.eu/article/greece-warship-fighter-jet-cyprus-drone-strike/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Greek">{{Cite web |title=Cyprus Closes Larnaca Airspace After Suspicious Object Detected |website=Greek City Times |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2026/03/04/cyprus-larnaca-airspace-closure-suspicious-object/ |access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref> * {{flag|Netherlands}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Netherlands sends warship to Mediterranean|url=https://en.apa.az/europe/netherlands-sends-warship-to-mediterranean-494894|date=5 March 2026|access-date=5 March 2026|website=Apa.az}}</ref> * {{flag|Northern Cyprus}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2026 |title=TRNC Security Review After the Iran Strikes Shows Cyprus Is No Longer a Peripheral Theatre |url=https://tcexist.com/news/trnc-security-review-after-the-iran-strikes-shows-cyprus-is-no-longer-a-peripheral-theatre |access-date=12 March 2026 |work=Turkish Cypriots Exist}}</ref> * {{flag|Pakistan}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Faisal |title=Pakistan sends fighter jets to Saudi Arabia amid fragile US-Iran ceasefire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/11/pakistan-sends-fighter-jets-to-saudi-arabia-amid-fragile-us-iran-ceasefire |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> * {{flag|Spain}}<ref name="Italia">{{Cite web|title=Italia, like France and Spain, will send naval assets to help Cyprus: Crosetto's announcement|url=https://en.ilsole24ore.com/art/italy-like-france-and-spain-will-send-naval-assets-to-help-cyprus-crosettos-announcement-AI81VimB|date=5 March 2026|access-date=5 March 2026|website=[[Il Sole 24 Ore]]}}</ref> * {{flag|Ukraine}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-10 |title=Ukraine sends experts to Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE amid Iranian drone strikes |url=https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-sends-drone-experts-to-qatar-saudi-arabia-uae/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> <small>*Note: These countries have participated only in shooting down Iranian UAVs and ballistic missiles and at the same time, they were not attacked by Iran.</small> | combatant2 = {{tree list}} * {{flag|Iran}} * {{flag|Hezbollah}}{{efn|For further information, see [[2026 Lebanon War|2026 Lebanon War]].}} * [[File:Flag of the Amal Movement.svg|25px]] [[Amal Movement]]{{efn|The Amal Movement has played an active role in hostilities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2026 |title=Involvement of the Amal Movement in the Fighting Against Israel Alongside Hezbollah |url=https://israel-alma.org/involvement-of-the-amal-movement-in-the-fighting-against-israel-alongside-hezbollah/ |access-date=9 April 2026 |website=Alma Research and Education Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Paramedics belonging to the Amal Movement's Islamic Risala Scout Association have been targeted in Israeli airstrikes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Younes |first1=Lylla |title=Israel Killed Over a Dozen Lebanese Paramedics in Three Days, Now Claiming That Ambulances Are “Hezbollah” Targets |url=https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/lebanon-medical-workers-paramedics-israel-targeted-ambulances-hezbollah-islamic-health-authority |website=Drop Site |access-date=19 March 2026 |language=en |date=16 March 2026}}</ref>}} * [[File:Popular Mobilization Forces.jpg|25px]] [[Popular Mobilization Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|title=US embassy in Baghdad attacked as US-Israel war on Iran escalates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/7/us-embassy-in-baghdad-attacked-as-us-israel-war-on-iran-escalates|date=7 March 2026|access-date=9 March 2026|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> * {{flagicon image|Shiite Resistance flag.svg}} [[Islamic Resistance in Iraq]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Toomey|first=Bridget|title=Iraqi Shiite militias join the war between Israel, the US, and Iran with drone attacks|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2026/03/iraqi-shiite-militias-join-the-war-between-israel-the-united-states-and-iran-with-drone-attacks.php|date=1 March 2026|access-date=2 March 2026|website=FDD's Long War Journal}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Houthis|Houthi Movement]]{{#tag:ref|Since 28 March. For further information, see [[2026 Houthi strikes on Israel]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news |last1=Fabian |first1=Emanuel |title=Joining war, Yemen’s Houthis launch ballistic missile attack on southern Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/joining-war-yemens-houthis-launch-ballistic-missile-attack-on-southern-israel/ |access-date=28 March 2026 |work=The Times of Israel |date=28 March 2026}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} ---- *'''Attacked by US and Israel:''' * {{flag|Lebanon}} * {{flag|Iraq}} * {{flag|Palestine}} * {{flag|Syria}} ---- * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Muslim Brotherhood.svg}} [[Islamic Group (Lebanon)|Islamic Group]]<ref name=MuslimBrothers>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-888730|title=Lebanon Islamic Group claims headquarters targeted by IDF strikes|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|author=Seth J. Frantzman|date=March 4, 2026|access-date=March 4, 2026}}</ref> * {{flag|Hamas}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-05 |title=Israel strikes Beirut, Hamas official reportedly killed |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2026/03/05/israel-strikes-beirut-lebanon-state-media-says-hamas-official-killed |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en}}</ref> * {{flag|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2026 |title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad armed wing says Lebanon commander killed in Israeli strikes |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1496991/palestinian-islamic-jihad-armed-wing-says-lebanon-commander-killed-in-israeli-strikes.html |access-date=2 March 2026 |website=L'Orient Today |language=en}}</ref> {{tree list/end}} <!-- Commanders -->| commander1 = {{ubl | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Donald Trump]] | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Pete Hegseth]] | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Dan Caine]] | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Brad Cooper (admiral)|Brad Cooper]] | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Curt Renshaw]] | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Derek France]] | {{flagicon|United States}} [[John Ratcliffe]] | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Isaac Herzog]] | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel Katz]] | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Eyal Zamir]] | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tomer Bar]] | {{flagicon|Israel}} [[David Barnea]] | {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} [[Mohammed bin Salman]] }} | commander2 = {{ubl | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Ali Khamenei]]{{Assassinated|Assassination of Ali Khamenei}} | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Ali Larijani]]{{Assassinated|Assassination of Ali Larijani}} | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mohammad Bagher Zolghadr]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Majid Ebn-e-Reza]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Amir Hatami]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Abdolrahim Mousavi]]{{KIA}} | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Ahmad Vahidi]] | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Majid Mousavi]] | {{flagicon|Hezbollah}} [[Naim Qassem]] | [[File:Flag of the Amal Movement.svg|25px]] [[Nabih Berri]] | [[File:Popular Mobilization Forces.jpg|25px]] [[Falih Al-Fayyad]] | {{flagdeco|Houthis}} [[Abdul-Malik al-Houthi]] }} <!-- Casualties -->| casualties1 = {{plainlist}} * '''Per US and Israel:''' ** {{flagu|United States}}: *** 15 soldiers killed{{#tag:ref|7 in combat,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news |last1=Berger |first1=Ava |title=These are the casualties and cost of the war in Iran 2 weeks into the conflict |url=https://www.npr.org/2026/03/14/nx-s1-5746623/iran-war-cost-deaths |access-date=16 March 2026 |agency=NPR |date=14 March 2026}}</ref> 2 non-combat related deaths and 6 killed in a KC-135 Stratotanker crash|group=lower-alpha}}<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/xc860mxp8|title= US report: 290 American soldiers wounded in war - 10 seriously, 255 returned to duty|work=ynetnews|date=25 March 2026|quote="About 290 American soldiers have been wounded.. ...Fifteen American soldiers have been killed"}}</ref> *** 538 military personnel wounded{{#tag:ref|Of those, 315 have returned to duty, 6 are seriously wounded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://defensescoop.com/2026/03/31/iran-war-casualties-force-protection-operation-epic-fury/|title=Pentagon eyes ‘more and more bunkers’ and other tech to shield troops in Operation Epic Fury}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://theintercept.com/2026/04/01/iran-war-us-casualty-numbers-trump-hegseth/|title=The “Casualty Cover-Up” Amid Trump's Wars in the Middle East}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/iran-war-trump-deadline-power-plants-bridges-ceasefire-push-air-force-rescue/|title=Trump warns of "critical period" in Iran war, threatening severe strikes if there's no deal by Tuesday night}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.am/eng/news/941603.html|title=AP: 3 US servicemembers injured in F-15 crash, rescue operation in Iran}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} *** At least 17 US sites{{#tag:ref|Including 13 US bases damaged.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/topstories/iran-strikes-cripple-13-us-bases-in-middle-east-troops-shift-to-remote-operations-report/ar-AA1ZrDa2|title=Iran strikes cripple 13 US bases in Middle East, troops shift to remote operations: Report|date=March 26, 2026|website=MSN|publisher=Business Today}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} in the Middle East damaged<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/03/11/world/middleeast/iran-us-military-bases-strikes-map.html|title=At Least 17 U.S. Sites Damaged in War With Iran, Analysis Shows|date=11 March 2026|language=en|access-date=11 March 2026|work=The New York Times}}</ref> *** equivalent to loss of $800m only due to the destruction of American military bases in the Middle East by Iranian strikes<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bush |first=Daniel |date=2026-03-20 |title=Iranian strikes on bases used by US caused $800m in damage, new analysis shows |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cddq7j48p35o |access-date=2026-03-24 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> *** 3 [[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle|F-15E]]s shot down and destroyed by [[friendly fire]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Three U.S. F-15s Involved in Friendly Fire Incident in Kuwait; Pilots Safe |url=https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/PRESS-RELEASES/Press-Release-View/Article/4418568/three-us-f-15s-involved-in-friendly-fire-incident-in-kuwait-pilots-safe/ |date=2 March 2026 |website=[[United States Central Command]] |access-date=2 March 2026 |archive-date=14 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260314045320/https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/PRESS-RELEASES/Press-Release-View/Article/4418568/three-us-f-15s-involved-in-friendly-fire-incident-in-kuwait-pilots-safe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ** {{flagu|Israel}}: *** 16 soldiers killed{{#tag:ref|16 soldiers,<ref name="The Jerusalem Post-20260308">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=Two IDF soldiers killed in Hezbollah ambush in Lebanon |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-889199 |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hjfc8ywsze|title=Woman killed in Hezbollah rocket attack laid to rest in Golan Heights|date=25 March 2026|work=Ynetnews}}</ref><ref name="R26">{{cite web|url= https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-israeli-soldiers-killed-south-lebanon-combat-military-says-2026-03-26/|title= Two Israeli soldiers killed in south Lebanon combat, military says|work=Reuters }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-26-2026/|title=Another IDF soldier killed in Lebanon as generals raise alarm over manpower shortage|others=ToI Staff|first=Michael|last=Bachner|date=March 26, 2026|website=www.timesofisrael.com}}</ref><ref name="ReutersDeaths"/><ref name="JPostDeaths">{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/2026-03-26/live-updates-891228|title=Trump grants Iran's request to pause strikes, two IDF soldiers killed in Lebanon|date=March 27, 2026|website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=2026-03-29 |title=IDF soldier Moshe Yitzchak Katz, 22, from Connecticut, killed in south Lebanon|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-soldier-moshe-yitzchak-katz-22-from-connecticut-killed-in-south-lebanon/|website=Times of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Kimon |first=Elisha Ben |last2=Eichner |first2=Itamar |date=30 March 2026 |title=IDF names Sgt. Liran Ben Zion, 19, killed by anti-tank fire in Lebanon |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/syufepwjwe |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=Ynet}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/four-soldiers-killed-2-wounded-in-south-lebanon-clash-with-hezbollah-idf/|title=Four soldiers killed, 2 wounded in south Lebanon clash with Hezbollah — IDF|work=The Times of Israel|date=30 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/staff-sgt-touvel-yosef-lifshiz-20-killed-in-clash-with-hezbollah-in-south-lebanon/|title=Staff Sgt. Touvel Yosef Lifshiz, 20, killed in clash with Hezbollah in south Lebanon}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-892907|title=Sergeant Major Ayal Uriel Bianko killed in southern Lebanon, IDF announces}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/amid-truce-reservist-killed-and-3-other-soldiers-hurt-in-south-lebanon-by-hezbollah-explosive/|title=Amid truce, IDF reservist killed and 3 other soldiers hurt in south Lebanon by Hezbollah explosive}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=2026-04-04 |title=IDF says soldier killed, another seriously hurt by ‘friendly-fire’ in southern Lebanon |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-says-soldier-killed-another-seriously-hurt-by-friendly-fire-in-southern-lebanon/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> including 1 off-duty soldier<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hjfc8ywsze|title=Woman killed in Hezbollah rocket attack laid to rest in Golan Heights|date=25 March 2026|work=Ynetnews}}</ref> and 1 killed by friendly-fire.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite|news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=2026-04-04 |title=IDF says soldier killed, another seriously hurt by ‘friendly-fire’ in southern Lebanon |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-says-soldier-killed-another-seriously-hurt-by-friendly-fire-in-southern-lebanon/ |access-date=2026-04-04 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} *** 29 civilians killed{{#tag:ref|<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last=Krissi|first=Ron|date=9 March 2026|title=Motorcyclist critically injured in Kiryat Motzkin crash during alert dies|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/gaqwobp6r|access-date=10 March 2026|work=[[Ynet]]|publisher=[[Yedioth Ahronoth]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|last1=Zanger-Nadis|first1=Maya|last2=Bob|first2=Yonah Jeremy|last3=Sela-Eitam|first3=Miriam|date=9 March 2026|title=Two killed, two seriously wounded by cluster munitions as Iranian attack targets central Israel|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-889295|access-date=10 March 2026|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|title=Teenage girl hit by car, killed en route to bomb shelter amid Iran missile volley|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-889832|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=12 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890480|title=One killed from shrapnel impact following Iran missile attack|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref name="ReutersDeaths">{{#invoke:cite|news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/how-many-people-have-been-killed-us-israel-war-iran-2026-03-24 |title=How many people have been killed in the US-Israeli war on Iran?|last1=Abdellah|first1=Nayera|last2=Alaaeldin|first2=Menna|website=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=26 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-891444|title=One killed, several injured in Iran missile barrage on southern, central Israel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=4 bodies found in wreckage of Haifa residential building hit by Iranian missile|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/2-dead-pulled-from-wreckage-of-haifa-building-hit-by-missile-2-more-people-still-missing/|access-date=2026-04-06|website=Times of Israel}}</ref><ref name="reuters230326">{{Cite news|title= First Israeli civilian killed in Lebanon border war was hit by Israeli fire|url= https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-military-says-friendly-fire-killed-civilian-near-lebanon-border-2026-03-23/|work=Reuters|access-date=23 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="R24032026">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-military-occupy-swathe-southern-lebanon-defence-chief-says-2026-03-24/|title= Israel's military to occupy swathe of southern Lebanon, defence minister says|date=24 March 2026|work=Reuters}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} *** 7,834 civilians injured<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.gov.il/en/pages/17042026-02|title=Health System Preparedness – Operation Roaring Lion}}</ref> *** 690 military personnel wounded<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://shafaq.com/en/Middle-East/Israel-reports-nearly-700-soldiers-wounded-in-Lebanon-operations|title=Israel reports nearly 700 soldiers wounded in Lebanon operations}}</ref> *** $11.52 billion in economic damage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Habib |first=Heba |last2=Peter |first2=Zsombor |last3=Kupemba |first3=Danai Nesta |last4=Kelliher |first4=Fiona |last5=Jamal |first5=Urooba |last6=Adler |first6=Nils |last7=Marsi |first7=Federica |last8=Magee |first8=Caolán |last9=Ali |first9=Faisal |last10=Quillen |first10=Stephen |title=Iran war updates: Trump says US to block Hormuz, IRGC insists strait open |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/4/12/iran-war-live-historic-face-to-face-talks-with-us-continue-in-islamabad |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> {{endplainlist}} ---- {{plainlist}} * '''Per Iran:''' ** {{flagu|United States}}: *** 650 soldiers killed or wounded<ref>https://www.tabnak.ir/en/news/7208/650-us-soldiers-killed-wounded</ref> *** At least 12 [[Radar|radar systems]] and [[Satcom (satellite)|satellite terminals]] destroyed or damaged<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deshkalnews.com/world/23907|title=Iran hits at least 12 US, allied radar systems since start of war}}</ref> *** Multiple [[AN/TPY-2 transportable radar|AN/TPY-2]]s destroyed or damaged<ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.com/International/us-allied-radar-sites-middle-east-struck-10/story?id=131164670|title=US and allied radar sites in the Middle East struck at least 10 times: Visual analysis}}</ref> *** 1 [[Terminal_High Altitude Area Defense|THAAD]] radar destroyed<ref>{{cite web | last1=Bordeaux | first1=Thomas | last2=Mezzofiore | first2=Gianluca | title=Radar bases housing key US missile interceptor hit in Jordan and UAE, satellite images show | website=CNN | date=2026-03-05 | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/03/05/middleeast/radar-bases-us-missile-defense-iran-war-intl-invs |quote=The radar system for an American THAAD missile battery in Jordan was struck and apparently destroyed in the first days of the US-Israeli strikes on Iran, a satellite image taken on Monday shows. | access-date=2026-03-06}}</ref> *** 1 [[Solid State Phased Array Radar System|AN/FPS-132]], 1 [[AN/FPS-117|AN/TPS-59]],<ref name="Amoah0305">{{cite web|last1=Amoah|first1=Macdonald|last2=Bazilian|first2=Morgan|last3=Matlsek|first3=Jahara|title=The First 36 Hours of War Consumed Over 3,000 U.S.-Israeli Munitions|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2026/03/05/iran-war-munitions-critical-minerals/|website=Foreign Policy|access-date=6 March 2026|quote=The destruction of two advanced U.S. radars, the AN/FPS-132 in Qatar and the AN/TPS-59 in Bahrain, highlights a problem where the total weight of the "mineral bill" is less of a concern than the extreme fragility of the supply chain and the extensive timelines for replacement.}}</ref> 1 1 [[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle|F-15E]] shot down and destroyed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/568741|title=Aviation Safety Accident N°568741|date=3 April 2026}}</ref> {{endplainlist}} <!-- Casualties on Iranian side -->| casualties2 = {{plainlist}} * '''Per Iran:''' ** {{flagu|Iran}}: ** 3,375 people killed{{#tag:ref|Including 216 children|group=lower-alpha}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://aje.news/x545rk?update=4485778 |title=Iran says 3,375 people killed during war |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> ** 26,500 injured{{#tag:ref|Including 1,767 children|group=lower-alpha}}<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web |date=29 March 2026 |title=Iran’s death toll reaches 2,076 |url=https://aje.news/zgevw1?update=4444031 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> ** $270 billion in direct economic damage<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quillen |first=Stephen |last2=Sabah |first2=Zaid |last3=Jamal |first3=Urooba |last4=Siddiqui |first4=Usaid |last5=Magee |first5=Caolán |last6=Adler |first6=Nils |last7=Durie |first7=Alex Milan |title=Iran war updates: Trump teases more talks; Israel, Lebanon meet in US |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/4/14/iran-war-live-trump-claims-tehran-wants-a-deal-amid-us-blockade-of-hormuz |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> * '''Per Hezbollah:''' ** {{flagu|Hezbollah}}: ** 400+ fighters killed<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/more-than-400-hezbollah-fighters-killed-new-war-with-israel-so-far-sources-say-2026-03-27/|title=More than 400 Hezbollah fighters killed in new war with Israel so far, sources say}}</ref> * '''Per Popular Mobilization Forces:''' ** [[File:Popular Mobilization Forces.jpg|25px]] Popular Mobilization Forces: *** 80 fighters killed, 270 injured<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://shafaq.com/en/Security/PMF-reports-80-killed-270-wounded-since-start-of-US-Iran-war|title=PMF reports 80 killed, 270 wounded since start of US-Iran war}}</ref> {{endplainlist}} {{plainlist}} ---- * '''Per Lebanon''': **[[File:Flag of the Amal Movement.svg|25px]] Amal Movement: *** 6 paramedics killed<ref>{{cite web |title=NNA: Two paramedics from the Islamic Risala Scout Association – Civil Defense and the Islamic Health Authority have been killed in an airstrike on Sawwana |url=https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/news/Local/1666035/nna--two-paramedics-from-the-islamic-risala-scout-association---civil-defense-and-the-islamic-health-authority-have-been-killed-in-an-airstrike-on-sawwana |website=MTV Lebanon |access-date=19 March 2026 |language=en |date=13 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The "Al-Risala Scouts" mourned their five martyred paramedics in the Zawtar raid. |url=https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/ar/news/423125/%D9%83%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1-2 |website=NNA |access-date=29 March 2026 |language=ar |date=28 March 2026}}</ref> ---- * '''Per US and Israel:''' ** {{flagu|Iran}}: *** 6,000+ Iranian military personnel killed and ~15,000 Iranian military personnel wounded<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bohbot|first1=Amir |title=Over 6,000 IRGC members killed, 15,000 wounded since the start of Operation Roaring Lion, IDF says|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-889964 |access-date=15 March 2026 |publisher=The Jerusalem Post |date=15 March 2026}}</ref> *** $145+ billion in direct economic damage<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-892446 "Iran estimates war losses at up to $145 billion after weeks of fighting."] Jerusalem Post. April 9 2026.</ref> *** $300 billion to $1 trillion in economic damage<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/11/world/middleeast/iran-economy-war.html "Iran Tries to Grasp Economic Devastation of War, and Find a Way Past It."] New York Times, April 11 2026.</ref> *** 190+ ballistic missile launchers destroyed<ref>{{cite news|title=בכיר צבאי: "האמריקנים לא האמינו שנצליח בעריפה; איראן סופרת מעל 10,000 נפגעים" |url=https://www.mako.co.il/news-military/2026_q1/Article-f92fae09426ec91027.htm?Partner=searchResults|access-date=2026-03-13|trans-title=Senior military official: "The Americans did not believe we would succeed in the attack; Iran counts over 10,000 casualties"| language=he}}</ref> *** 155 naval vessels destroyed or damaged<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/us-war-with-iran-by-numbers-energy-drinks-to-targets-2026-4|title=Epic Fury strikes on Iran were fueled by 2 million energy drinks, about a million gallons of coffee, and nicotine, top general says}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|[[Sinking of IRIS Dena|104 sailors killed, 32 injured]] off the coast of [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/iranian-army-says-least-104-killed-us-attack-iranian-warship-last-week-2026-03-08/|title=Iranian army says at least 104 killed in US attack on Iranian warship last week|work=Reuters|date=8 March 2026}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} ** {{flagu|Hezbollah}}: *** ~1,700 fighters killed<ref>{{Cite news |last=Horovitz |first=Michael |last2=Levaton |first2=Stav |date=2026-04-16 |title=Opposition, northern mayors decry imposed ceasefires as Lebanon truce declared |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/opposition-northern-mayors-decry-imposed-ceasefires-as-lebanon-truce-declared/ |access-date=2026-04-17 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> *** 5 fighters captured<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtv.com.lb/news/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA/1671123/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1--%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1-2-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A|title=بالصور: الجيش الإسرائيلي يعلن أسر 2 من قوة الرضوان جنوب الليطاني|website=MTV Lebanon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1503594/battle-of-bint-jbeil-in-maps-israeli-army-encircles-the-towns-center.html|title=Battle of Bint Jbeil in Maps: Israeli army encircles the town's center|date=15 April 2026|website=L'Orient Today}}</ref> ** [[File:Popular Mobilization Forces.jpg|25px]] Popular Mobilization Forces: *** 85 fighters killed, 139 injured{{#tag:ref|<ref name="Kurdistan 24-2026">{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/897811/slug|title=Airstrike Targets PMF Base in Diyala, Drone Intercepted Near Baghdad Airport Amid Ongoing Strikes|date=4 March 2026|website=Kurdistan 24}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://shafaq.com/en/Security/Airstrike-hits-PMF-in-Kirkuk-six-killed|title=Airstrike hits PMF in Kirkuk, six killed|website=Shafaq News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://shafaq.com/en/Security/PMF-27-members-killed-in-32-airstrikes-on-its-sites-across-Iraq|title=PMF: 27 members killed in 32 airstrikes on its sites across Iraq|website=Shafaq News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://shafaq.com/en/Security/One-killed-seven-wounded-in-attack-on-PMF-site-in-Kirkuk|title=One killed, seven injured in attack on PMF site in Kirkuk|website=Shafaq News}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/three-iraqi-pmf-fighters-killed-strike-baghdad-sources-say-2026-03-14/|title=Three Iraqi PMF fighters killed in strike in Baghdad, sources say}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/901116/slug|title=Top Iraqi Military Official: Attack on PMF Checkpoint a Clear Violation of Iraq’s Sovereignty|date=March 16, 2026|website=Kurdistan 24}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.newarab.com/news/dozens-killed-strikes-iran-allied-pmf-militia-iraq|title=Dozens killed in strikes on Iran-allied PMF militia in Iraq}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-iraqs-shiite-popular-mobilization-forces-fighters-killed-airstrikes-western-2026-03-23/|title=Airstrikes target HQ and leader of Iran-backed Shi'ite militia umbrella group in Iraq}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/28/air-strikes-in-iraq-kill-three-pmf-fighters-and-two-iraqi-police|title=Air strikes in Iraq kill three PMF fighters, two police}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/904972/pmf-commander-killed-in-ninevehs-tel-afar-amid-ongoing-regional-tensions|title=PMF Commander Killed in Nineveh’s Tel Afar Amid Ongoing Regional Tensions}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.shafaq.com/en/Security/PMF-member-killed-in-Al-Qaim-border-attack|title=PMF member killed in Al-Qaim border attack}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} **{{flagu|Hamas}}: *** 3 Hamas members operating im Lebanon killed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2026/03/israel-eliminates-3-hamas-members-operating-in-lebanon.php|title=Israel eliminates 3 Hamas members operating in Lebanon|first=Joe|last=Truzman|date=22 March 2026}}</ref> {{endplainlist}} ---- {{plainlist}} * '''Per [[Human Rights Activists in Iran|HRANA]]:''' ** {{flagu|Iran}}: *** 3,636 people killed (1,221 military personnel, 1,701 civilians, and 714 unclassified)<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=7 April 2026|title=Day 39 of U.S. and Israeli Attacks on Iran: Extensive Damage to the Rail Network and Roads|url=https://www.en-hrana.org/day-39-of-u-s-and-israeli-attacks-on-iran-extensive-damage-to-the-rail-network-and-roads/|access-date=7 April 2026|website=HRANA (en-hrana.org)|language=en}}</ref> {{endplainlist}} <!-- Non-belligerent casualties -->| casualties3 = ''For naval losses, see [[List of ships attacked during the 2026 Iran war|this list]]''</br> ''For aviation losses, see [[List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the 2026 Iran war|this list]]''<br> <div style="text-align: centre;"> {{flagu|Lebanon}}: 2,294 killed, 7,544 injured,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://qna.org.qa/en/news/news-details?id=lebanese-health-ministry-2294-dead-7544-injured-in-israeli-aggression-on-lebanon&date=17/04/2026|title=Lebanese Health Ministry: 2,294 Dead, 7,544 Injured in Israeli Aggression on Lebanon}}</ref> 1,200,000+ displaced in Lebanon<ref name="displaced">{{Cite web |last=Dugal |first=Hanna |title=How Israel's invasion of southern Lebanon created a humanitarian crisis |date=7 April 2026 |access-date=7 April 2026 |work=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/7/how-israels-invasion-of-southern-lebanon-created-a-humanitarian-crisis}}</ref><br>2 civilians killed in Israel{{efn|One by friendly fire<ref name="reuters230326">{{Cite news|title= First Israeli civilian killed in Lebanon border war was hit by Israeli fire|url= https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-military-says-friendly-fire-killed-civilian-near-lebanon-border-2026-03-23/|work=Reuters|access-date=23 March 2026}}</ref><ref name="R24032026" />}}<br>{{flagu|Iraq}}: 26 soldiers and 23 civilians killed, 180 injured{{#tag:ref|<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|last=Najm|first=Renwar|date=2026-03-08|title=Iraqi Kurdistan Region Hit by 196 Drone and Missile Attacks Since War Began, monitor says|url=https://theamargi.com/posts/iraqi-kurdistan-region-hit-by-196-drone-and-missile-attacks-since-war-began-monitor-says|access-date=2026-03-08|website=the Amargi}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/130320264|title=Drone attack kills two, injures four members of Iranian Kurdish opposition party|website=rudaw.net}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://thenationalcontext.com/portal/more-than-50-confirmed-strikes-on-iranian-kurdish-party-sites-in-the-kurdistan-region/|title=More Than 50 Confirmed Strikes on Iranian Kurdish Party Sites in the Kurdistan Region}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/rocket-attack-kills-six-kurdish-peshmerga-fighters-iraqs-kurdistan-sources-say-2026-03-24/|title=Rocket attack kills six Kurdish Peshmerga fighters in Iraq's Kurdistan, sources say}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-891115|title=Seven Iraqi soldiers killed, 13 wounded in strike near PMF base in Anbar}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://qna.org.qa/en/news/news-details?id=two-police-officers-killed-in-bombardment-in-northern-iraq&date=28/03/2026|title=Two Police Officers Killed in Bombardment in Northern Iraq}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/28/air-strikes-in-iraq-kill-three-pmf-fighters-and-two-iraqi-police|title=Air strikes in Iraq kill three PMF fighters, two police}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/31032026|title=Drone attack leaves three children injured in Kurdistan Region}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 April 2026 |title=Couple killed in drone strike amid surge of attacks on Kurdistan Region |url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/060420264 |access-date=7 April 2026 |work=[[Rudaw Media Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iran/070420261|title=Kurdish leaders condemn drone attack in Erbil that killed a married couple}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/opposition-group-says-iran-strikes-kill-three-kurdish-fighters-in-northern-iraq/|title=Opposition group says Iran strikes kill three Kurdish fighters in northern Iraq}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}<br>{{flagu|United Arab Emirates}}: 2 soldiers and 11 civilians killed,{{efn|<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news |title=Fatalities in the UAE |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/day-18-israel-us-iran-war-live-updates#blogCarde8acf01e-a59b-4710-bc38-6378ec82b68c |access-date=17 March 2026 |work=Khaleej Times |date=17 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2026/03/24/uae-defense-ministry-says-civilian-contractor-killed-in-bahrain|title=UAE defense ministry says civilian contractor killed in Bahrain|date=March 24, 2026|website=Al Arabiya English}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/26/world/middleeast/iran-missile-strikes-abu-dhabi.html|title=Two Killed in Abu Dhabi as Gulf States Face Fresh Attacks|first=Ismaeel|last=Naar|location=Dubai, United Arab Emirates|date=March 26, 2026|website=NYTimes.com}}</ref>}} 224 injured<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-intercepts-17-ballistic-missiles-35-drones-april-8?utm_campaign=trending-inarticle-section&utm_medium=section-rcmd-api&utm_source=google-analytics|title=UAE intercepts 17 ballistic missiles, 35 drones after US-Iran ceasefire}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Kuwait}}: 4 soldiers and 6 civilians killed, 77 soldiers and 32 civilians injured{{#tag:ref|<ref name="kuwaitnews-124270">{{#invoke:cite|news|title=الصحة: حالة وفاة واحدة و32 إصابة على خلفية التطورات الراهنة في المنطقة|url=https://kuwaitnews.com/124270/|access-date=1 March 2026|website=Kuwait News|date=1 March 2026|trans-title=Health Ministry: One death and 32 injuries reported due to current developments in the region}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=4 March 2026|title=11-Year-Old Child Dies; Four Family Members Undergoing Medical Evaluation After Shrapnel Incident|url=https://timeskuwait.com/11-year-old-child-dies-four-family-members-undergoing-medical-evaluation-after-shrapnel-incident/|access-date=4 March 2026|website=Times Kuwait|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://aje.news/64yl8m?update=4376551|title=Two Kuwaiti border security personnel killed|work=Al Jazeera English}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://aje.news/64yl8m?update=4376942|title=Kuwait says two firefighters killed 'while performing duties'|work=Al Jazeera English}}</ref><ref name="KW1">{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/563489.aspx|title=Kuwait says 67 soldiers injured 'amid recent security developments' on Thursday|date=6 March 2026|work=Amrah Online}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/kuwait-intercepts-26-aerial-threats-10-soldiers-injured-in-camp-strike/|title=Kuwait Intercepts 26 Aerial Threats; 10 Soldiers Injured in Camp Strike}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/30/iranian-attack-damages-kuwait-power-and-desalination-plant-kills-worker|title=Iranian attack damages Kuwait power and desalination plant, kills worker}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Madhav |first=Pramod |date=2026-03-31 |title=Tamil Nadu man dies in Kuwait after being struck by missile debris |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/tamil-nadu-man-dies-in-kuwait-after-being-struck-by-missile-debris/ar-AA1ZN2pA?apiversion=v2&domshim=1&noservercache=1&noservertelemetry=1&batchservertelemetry=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1 |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=www.msn.com |publisher=India Today}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}<br>{{flagu|Qatar}}: 4 soldiers killed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.haberler.com/a-helicopter-crashed-in-qatar-one-of-our-soldiers-2230702/|title=A helicopter crashed in Qatar! One of our soldiers and two ASELSAN technicians were martyred.}}</ref> and 20 injured<ref name="The Peninsula Newspaper-2026">{{Cite web|date=1 March 2026|title=Ministry of Interior announces 8 new injuries resulting from Iranian attack|url=https://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/01/03/2026/ministry-of-interior-announces-8-new-injuries-resulting-from-iranian-attack|access-date=1 March 2026|website=The Peninsula Newspaper|language=en|agency=QNA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/qatar/qatar-4-injured-including-child-after-debris-from-iranian-missile-falls-in-residential-area-1.500499559|title=Qatar: 4 injured, including child, after debris from Iranian missile falls in residential area}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Palestine}}, West Bank: 14 killed and 15 injured<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Imad |last1=Isseid |first2=Melanie |last2=Lidman |date=8 March 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-west-bank-settlers-violence-900ad24fd46e0ca5ae0de07c0328c960 |title=3 Palestinians killed in West Bank clash, bringing toll from week of violence to 6 |work=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2026 |url=https://www.npr.org/2026/03/15/g-s1-113834/israeli-soldiers-fire-on-family-car-in-occupied-west-bank-killing-4 |title=Israeli soldiers fire on family car in occupied West Bank, killing 4 |work=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=David D. |date=19 March 2026 |title=Four Palestinian women killed during Iranian missile attack in West Bank |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/19/three-palestinian-women-killed-during-iranian-missile-attack-in-west-bank |access-date=22 March 2026 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]] |archive-date=19 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260319152352/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/19/three-palestinian-women-killed-during-iranian-missile-attack-in-west-bank |url-status=live}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Bahrain}}: 3 killed and 42 injured{{#tag:ref|<ref name="Stepansky-2026a">{{#invoke:Cite|web|first1=Joseph|last1=Stepansky|first2=Zaid|last2=Sabah|title=US, Israel attack Iran live: Trump vows to avenge 3 American soldiers|date=2 March 2026|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/3/2/us-israel-attack-iran-live|access-date=28 February 2026|website=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|date=2026-03-09|title=At least 32 injured in Bahrain after drone attack - state media|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cz0g2yg3579t?post=asset%3A58cf09e3-4413-41d4-ad38-c6d229cbe729#post|access-date=2026-03-09|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|title=One killed, others injured in Iranian attack in Bahrain|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/one-killed-others-injured-in-iranian-attack-in-bahrain/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://qna.org.qa/en/news/news-details?id=bahraini-ministry-of-interior-says-four-injured-from-falling-debris-of-intercepted-iranian-drone&date=4/04/2026|title=Bahraini Ministry of Interior Says Four Injured from Falling Debris of Intercepted Iranian Drone}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}}<br>{{flagu|Oman}}: 3 killed and 15 injured<ref name=hindustan260302>{{#invoke:Cite|news|date=2 March 2026|title=3 Indians killed in Iranian attacks off Oman; 20 injured across West Asia|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-indians-killed-in-iranian-attacks-off-oman-20-injured-across-west-asia-101772473983914.html|access-date=3 March 2026|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="aj260305">{{Cite news |title=US-Israel attacks on Iran: Death toll and injuries live tracker |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/1/us-israel-attacks-on-iran-death-toll-and-injuries-live-tracker |access-date=5 March 2026 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Oman">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2026 |title=سقوط طائرتيْن مُسيرتين في ولاية صُحار |url=https://omannews.gov.om/topics/ar/3/show/464802/ona |website=[[Oman News Agency]]}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Turkey}}: 1 soldier and 2 civilians killed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.haberler.com/a-helicopter-crashed-in-qatar-one-of-our-soldiers-2230702/|title=A helicopter crashed in Qatar! One of our soldiers and two ASELSAN technicians were martyred.}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Saudi Arabia}}: 2 killed and 16 injured<ref>{{cite news|title=Two killed, 12 injured after projectile fell on residential location in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-killed-12-injured-after-projectile-fell-residential-location-saudi-arabia-2026-03-08/|access-date=8 March 2026|publisher=Reuters|date=8 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/4-injured-from-missile-shrapnel-in-riyadh-as-fragment-falls-near-refinery/|title=4 injured from missile shrapnel in Riyadh as fragment falls near refinery}}</ref><br>{{flagu|France}}: 2 soldiers killed and several injured<ref>{{#invoke:cite|news|title=French soldier killed in drone attack in Iraq's Kurdish region, Macron says|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20260312-middle-east-war-live-israel-lebanon-iran-gulf| work=France24}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/04/18/lebanon-israel-france-peacekeepers/66ad4446-3b24-11f1-90c4-9772c7fabc03_story.html|title=Macron says 1 French soldier was killed and 3 injured in attack on peacekeepers in Lebanon}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Syria}}: 1 killed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2026/04/04/syria-says-israeli-tank-fire-kills-man-in-country-s-south|title=Syria says Israeli tank fire kills man in country’s south}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Jordan}}: 19 injured<ref>{{cite news|title=Army says Iran fired 119 missiles, drones in one week directly targeting Jordan|url=http://en.royanews.tv/news/68214|access-date=8 March 2026|work=[[Roya TV]]|date=7 March 2026}}</ref><br>{{flagu|Azerbaijan}}: 4 injured<ref name=ynet260305>{{cite news|title=Azerbaijan says Iran fired two drones at its territory, injuring two people|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rjo00ualfbl|access-date=5 March 2026|publisher=Ynet|date=5 March 2026}}</ref> <!-- Units -->| units3 = ''{{Center|See [[2026 Iran war order of battle|order of battle]]}}'' <!-- Strength -->| strength1 = | strength2 = | campaignbox = | notes = <div style="text-align: center;">{{navbar|2026 Iran war infobox}}</div> }} The '''2026 Iran War''' or '''Ramadan War''' (as known as the Operation Epic Fury of the [[United States]], Operation Roaring Lion of [[Israel]], Operation True Promise IV of Iran) is a military conflict that commenced on February 28, 2026. The [[war]] was initiated by the major wave of surprise airstrikes made by the [[United States]] and [[Israel]] on [[Iran]]. The [[war]] is the biggest combat in the [[Middle East]] since [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 Invasion of Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=2026 Iran War|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/2026-Iran-War#:~:text=Operation%20Epic%20Fury%2C%20which%20began,operations%20with%20Israel%20against%20Iran.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hussain|first=Abid|title=War on Iran: What troops is the US moving to the Gulf?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/25/war-on-iran-what-troops-is-the-us-moving-to-the-gulf|access-date=2026-03-25|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref> The [[war]] was preceded by conflict of several years regarding the [[nuclear program of Iran]] and its assistance to the actions of such groups as [[Hezbollah]] and [[Hamas]]. At the beginning of 2026, [[Iran]] experienced the most widespread [[Demonstration|demonstrations]] in decades domestically, which the Iranian [[government]] broke down with [[violence]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=2026 Iran War {{!}} Explained, United States, Israel, Strait of Hormuz, Map, & Conflict {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/2026-Iran-War|access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Dagres|first=Holly|date=2026-03-01|title=Ayatollah Ali Khamenei obituary|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/01/ayatollah-ali-khamenei-obituary|access-date=2026-03-25|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In the initial 12 hours on February 28, the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S]] and [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli forces]] targeted almost 900 strikes. Such attacks assassinated some of the senior Iranian leaders including the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]]. The [[United States|U.S.]] claimed that it aimed at ensuring [[Iran]] did not acquire a [[nuclear weapon]] and it would be stopping imminent threats in the region.<ref>{{Cite news|title=2026 Iran War {{!}} Explained, United States, Israel, Strait of Hormuz, Map, & Conflict {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/2026-Iran-War|access-date=2026-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2026-02-28|title=Iran’s supreme leader killed in U.S.-Israeli attack; Tehran strikes Israel, Arab states|language=en-US|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/02/28/israel-strikes-iran-live-updates/|access-date=2026-03-25|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Operation Epic Fury|url=https://www.war.gov/Spotlights/Operation-Epic-Fury/|access-date=2026-03-25|website=U.S. Department of War|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The attacks were retaliated by [[Iran]] firing hundreds of [[Drone strike|drones]] and ballistic [[Missile|missiles]]. These targeted: * [[Israel]]: Bombing [[Tel Aviv]], [[Haifa]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-02-09|title=Middle East Special Issue: March 2026 {{!}} ACLED|url=https://acleddata.com/update/middle-east-special-issue-march-2026|access-date=2026-03-25|website=acleddata.com|language=en}}</ref> * [[United States|U.S.]] [[Military base|Military Bases]]: Particularly the ones in [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], and [[Kuwait]] and [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matamis|first=Joaquin|date=2026-02-28|title=Experts React: What the Epic Fury Iran Strikes Signal to the World • Stimson Center|url=https://www.stimson.org/2026/experts-react-what-the-epic-fury-iran-strikes-signal-to-the-world/|access-date=2026-03-25|website=Stimson Center|language=en-US}}</ref> * Neighboring Countries: [[Jordan]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] were reported to have gone on strike.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Matamis|first=Joaquin|date=2026-02-28|title=Experts React: What the Epic Fury Iran Strikes Signal to the World • Stimson Center|url=https://www.stimson.org/2026/experts-react-what-the-epic-fury-iran-strikes-signal-to-the-world/|access-date=2026-03-25|website=Stimson Center|language=en-US}}</ref> The Iranian military too tried to shut the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait Of Hormuz]] which is a narrow waterway through which 20 percent of the [[oil]] in the [[world]] flows. This has resulted in a significant shock of [[energy]] which has seen a tremendous increase in the price of [[oil]] and [[gas]] globally.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manufacturers brace for price increases from Strait of Hormuz closure {{!}} Manufacturing Dive|url=https://www.manufacturingdive.com/news/manufacturers-brace-price-increases-strait-of-hormuz-closure-oil-petrochemicals/815661/|access-date=2026-03-25|website=www.manufacturingdive.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Zimmerman|first=Micah|date=2026-03-25|title=The Strait of Hormuz Blockade Is Affecting More Than Just Oil Prices. Here Are 4 Stocks That Could Get Hit in 2026.|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2026/03/25/strait-hormuz-blockade-affect-oil-price-stocks/|access-date=2026-03-25|website=The Motley Fool|language=en}}</ref> The [[war]] is still on as of 19th Of April 2026. Although the [[United States|U.S.]] and [[Israel]] have demolished most of the military installations in [[Iran]], the Iranian regime has replaced [[Ali Khamenei]] by [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] and is still struggling. Peace talks have not been successful yet as the [[United Nations]] and many countries have demanded a [[ceasefire]]. These have seen the killing and injury of thousands of [[Soldier|soldiers]] and [[Civilian|civilians]] in the region.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Toi|first=Staff|date=2026-03-08|title=March 8: Iran’s Revolutionary Guards say ‘ready for complete obedience’ to Mojtaba Khamenei|pages=9|work=[[Times Of Israel]]|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-08-2026/}}</ref> == Background == {{Further|Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)}} In 2018, the [[United States]] left the [[Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action]] (Iran nuclear deal).<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2018 |title=Iran nuclear deal: Trump pulls US out in break with Europe allies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44045957 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> The [[Donald Trump]] government put back sanctions on Iran and used a "maximum pressure" plan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trump tightens the screws on Iran's oil |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/trump-tightens-the-screws-on-irans-oil/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> The sanctions hurt Iran’s economy. The [[Iranian rial]] lost value, falling from 35,000 to 42,000 per US dollar in 2021.<ref>Congressional Research Service. (6 April 2021). "Iran Sanctions". [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf Federation of American Scientists website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404064921/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf |date=2015-04-04 }} Retrieved 10 May 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=USD&to=IRR Xe website.] Retrieved 10 May 2021.</ref> Banks that traded with Iran paid big fines.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mecklin |first=John |date=19 February 2021 |title=Foreign commercial banks: The essential partner in future discussions of the Iran nuclear deal |url=https://thebulletin.org/2021/02/foreign-commercial-banks-the-essential-partner-in-future-discussions-of-the-iran-nuclear-deal/ |access-date=9 November 2024 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}}</ref> European companies stopped business with Iran.<ref name=":12">{{cite news |last1=Sharafedin |first1=Bozorgmehr |date=8 May 2019 |title=Iran rolls back pledges under nuclear pact abandoned by Washington |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-rouhani-idUSKCN1SE0I5 |access-date=8 May 2019 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The sanctions made millions of Iranians poor, raised prices of food and medicine,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran sanctions are unjust and harmful, says UN expert warning against generalised economic war |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/iran-sanctions-are-unjust-and-harmful-says-un-expert-warning-against |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> and caused inflation and unemployment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In-Depth {{!}} Iran's raging protests expose its economic pressures |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world/in-depth-irans-raging-protests-expose-its-economic-pressures-9267661.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250309231836/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/world/in-depth-irans-raging-protests-expose-its-economic-pressures-9267661.html |archive-date=9 March 2025 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> Tensions grew after the [[October 7 attacks|7 October attacks]] in Israel and the [[Gaza war]] in 2023. Israel attacked Iran-backed groups like [[Hamas]] and [[Hezbollah]]. In 2024, Israel and Iran exchanged strikes, and in 2025 they fought a short [[armed conflict]] for [[Israel–Iran war|twelve days]]. The US joined in alongside Israel and bombed [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran’s nuclear sites]] on [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites|22 June]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran's Conflict With Israel and the United States |url=https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/confrontation-between-united-states-and-iran |website=Council on Foreign Relations |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref> In late 2025, large [[2025–2026 Iranian protests|protests]] started in Iran because of economic crisis and rising prices. These were the biggest since the [[Iranian Revolution]] in 1979.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2026 |title=Iranian regime rallies supporters in bid to quell unrest |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2026/01/13/iranian-regime-rallies-supporters-in-bid-to-quell-unrest_6749359_4.html |access-date=25 January 2026 |work=[[Le Monde]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":232">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2026 |title=Inside an exiled prince's plan for regime change in Iran |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/reza-pahlavi-iran-revolution-exiled-prince-plan-regime-change/ |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=[[Politico]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> The government used violence, killing thousands.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|author1=Mostafa Salem|author2=Jomana Karadsheh|author3=Sarah Dean|author4=Florence Davey-Attlee|author5=Adam Pourahmadi|date=23 January 2026 |title=The night Iran went dark: Witness accounts and video reveal violence inflicted during Iran's internet blackout |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/23/middleeast/iran-internet-blackout-violent-crackdown-intl-cmd |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Estimates of deaths range from 3,117 to 32,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran anti-government student protests spread to more universities |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyxrv8z0vdo |work=BBC |date=23 February 2026}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite magazine |last1=Serjoie |first1=Kay Armin |last2=Saberi |first2=Roxana |last3=Jamalpour |first3=Fatemeh |date=25 January 2026 |title=Iran Protest Death Toll Could Top 30,000: Local Officials |url=https://time.com/nextgen-preview/7228edd7c55f97e885492382190da5ed793b2bc4232f62e28dc1fe33fca070ed/article/7357635/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125063424/https://time.com/nextgen-preview/7228edd7c55f97e885492382190da5ed793b2bc4232f62e28dc1fe33fca070ed/article/7357635/ |archive-date=25 January 2026 |access-date=25 January 2026 |magazine=Time |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> [[AP News]] said the violence made many Iranians hope for US help.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=Iranians grieve defiantly for thousands killed in last month's crackdown |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-protests-memorials-chehelom-71e5db503a287126a2d31cb32a2809eb |access-date=27 February 2026 |work=[[Associated Press News]] |language=en}}</ref> On 13 January 2026, Trump supported the protesters.<ref name=":132">{{Cite news |last1=Elwelly |first1=Elwely |last2=Erickson |first2=Bo |date=14 January 2026 |title=Trump urges Iranians to keep protesting, saying 'help is on its way' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/iranian-mp-warns-greater-unrest-urging-government-address-grievances-2026-01-13/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> On 23 January, he said a US "armada" was going to the Middle East, including aircraft carriers {{USS|Abraham Lincoln|CVN-72|6}} and [[USS Gerald R. Ford|USS Gerald R. Ford]].<ref name=":022">{{Cite news |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=24 January 2026 |title=Trump says US 'armada' heading to Middle East as Iran death toll put above 5,000 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/23/trump-says-us-armada-heading-middle-east-iran-death-toll |access-date=25 January 2026 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=Live updates: U.S. and Israel launch attack on Iran as Trump calls for regime change |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/02/28/israel-strikes-iran-live-updates/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> == Casualties == === Assassination of Ali Khamenei === {{Main|Assassination of Ali Khamenei}} On 28 February 2026, an Israeli official said that Iran's [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]] had been killed in air strikes and that his body was identified.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stewart|first1=Phil|last2=Hafezi|first2=Parisa|last3=Rose|first3=Emily|last4=Mills|first4=Andrew|date=28 February 2026|title=Iranian leader Khamenei killed in strikes, Israel says|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-launch-strikes-iran-2026-02-28/|access-date=28 February 2026|work=Reuters}}</ref> [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] also said there were signs Khamenei was dead,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Netanyahu says there are signs Khamenei was killed in Israeli attacks |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/liveblog/202602288143#202602282491 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Iran International |language=en}}</ref> but Iran’s foreign ministry denied this.<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran foreign ministry says several military commanders killed in airstrikes |date=28 February 2026 |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602281941 |website=Iran International |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref> [[Iran International]] reported that Khamenei was dead,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei is dead |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602280738 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=en}}</ref> and Israeli officials said his body was found in rubble.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran's supreme leader found dead in rubble, says Israel |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/02/28/israel-launches-attack-against-iran/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Hours earlier, Iranian Foreign Minister [[Abbas Araghchi]] said Khamenei and President [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] were alive "as far as I know".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahman|first=Rema|date=28 February 2026|title=Iranian president, supreme leader believed to be alive after US attack|url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/5760492-araghchi-officials-alive-iran/}}</ref> Some Iranian sources said Khamenei was "commanding the field".<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Milisic |first=Nils Adler,Joseph Stepansky,Alma |title=ISRAEL CLAIMS IRAN'S KHAMENEI KILLED, IRAN DENIES, ATTACKS CONTINUE |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/2/28/live-israel-launches-attacks-on-iran-multiple-explosions-heard-in-tehran |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Al Jazeera English|language=en}}</ref> Western and Iranian media, citing Israeli sources, also reported Khamenei was dead.<ref name="iranintl-kotlet">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei is dead |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602280738 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Iran International |language=en}}</ref><ref name="reuters-kotlet">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Live: Khamenei's body has been found and he is confirmed dead, Israeli official says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/iran-crisis-live-explosions-tehran-israel-announces-strike-2026-02-28/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="axios-kotlet">{{Cite web |last=Lotz |first=Barak Ravid |date=28 February 2026 |title=Israel says Iran supreme leader Khamenei is dead |url=https://www.axios.com/2026/02/28/iran-khamenei-killed-israel |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Axios |language=en}}</ref><ref name="dw-kotlet">{{Cite web |title=Israel's Netanyahu says 'signs' point to Khamenei being dead |url=https://www.dw.com/en/israels-netanyahu-says-signs-point-to-khamenei-being-dead/live-76161011 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Donald Trump]] and Netanyahu both said they believed he was dead, but Iran did not confirm.<ref name=":17" /> Trump later wrote on Truth Social that "Khamenei, one of the most evil people in History, is dead […] He was unable to avoid our Intelligence and Highly Sophisticated Tracking Systems."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fassihi |first=Farnaz |date=2026-02-28 |title=Who Could Take Over for Ayatollah Ali Khamenei? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/28/world/middleeast/ali-khamenei-iran-leader-succession.html |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> CIA reports said that if Khamenei was dead, a hardliner from the [[IRGC]] would replace him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/prior-iran-attacks-cia-assessed-khamenei-would-be-replaced-by-hardline-irgc-2026-02-28/|title=Exclusive: Prior to Iran, CIA assessed|first=Erin|last=Banco|publisher=Reuters|date=February 28, 2026}}</ref> === Military === [[Reuters]] said some commanders in the [[IRGC]] may have been killed, but could not confirm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-launch-strikes-iran-2026-02-28/|title=US and Israel launch strikes on Iran, targeting its leadership|work=[[Reuters]]|date=28 February 2026}}</ref> Later, it reported that defence minister [[Aziz Nasirzadeh]] and IRGC commander [[Mohammad Pakpour]] were likely killed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran defence minister, Guards commander killed in Israeli attacks, three sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-defence-minister-guards-commander-killed-israeli-attacks-three-sources-say-2026-02-28/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Araghchi admitted losses but said they were "not such a big problem".<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran's FM says loss of commanders 'not such a big problem' |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602289387 |website=[[Iran International]] |publisher=Volant Media UK Ltd |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref> [[Iran International]] reported that [[Ali Shamkhani]] was killed,<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran Defense Council Secretary Ali Shamkhani killed |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602289114 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Iran International |language=en}}</ref> along with four senior intelligence officials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Four senior intelligence ministry officials killed in airstrikes on Iran |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202602284598 |website=[[Iran International]] |publisher=Volant Media UK Ltd |access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref> The [[IDF]] later confirmed seven Iranian leaders were killed, including Shamkhani, Nasirzadeh, and Pakpour.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=IDF confirms killing top Iranian leaders, including top defense official Ali Shamkhani |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-confirms-killing-top-iranian-leaders-including-top-defense-official-ali-shamkhani/ |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> Other officials reported killed include Salah Asadi, Mohammad Shirazi, Hossein Jabal Amelian, and Reza Mozaffari-Nia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Live - Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei killed in Saturday airstrikes |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/liveblog/202602288143 |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=en}}</ref> In Iraq, two members of the [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] were killed and three injured in an Israeli attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two killed in Israeli strike on PMF base in Iraq |url=https://shafaq.com/en/Security/Two-killed-eight-injured-in-Israeli-strike-on-PMF-base-in-Iraq |date=28 February 2026|access-date=28 February 2026 |website=Shafaq News |language=en}}</ref> A later report from ''[[The New York Times]]'' said three were dead. [[United States Central Command]] said it had no casualties and only light damage, while stopping hundreds of Iranian drones and missiles.<ref>{{cite web |title=US military says 'minimal' damage but no casualties from Iranian attacks |url=https://aje.news/p4rw7y?update=4348153 |website=Al Jazeera English |access-date=28 February 2026 |date=28 February 2026}}</ref> === Civilians === At 17:30 CET on the first day of strikes, the [[Red Crescent]] said 201 civilians were killed and 747 injured in Iran.<ref name="Corriere della Sera">{{Cite news |last=Nicastro |first=Andrea |date=28 February 2026 |title=Iran, le ultime notizie in diretta {{!}} Attacco di Usa e Israele: «Probabile che Khamenei sia morto». Teheran risponde: raffiche di missili su Israele e sulle basi Usa nel Golfo. Poi un sms: «Lasciate la capitale» |url=https://www.corriere.it/esteri/diretta-live/26_febbraio_28/iran-usa-news-diretta-1.shtml |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |language=Italian}}</ref> Iranian strikes also caused casualties. The first Iranian air strike hit a building in Israel, injuring one civilian.<ref name="PremiumTimes">{{Cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=Five pupils reported killed in Iran, man injured in Israel as war starts |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/860312-five-pupils-reported-killed-in-iran-man-injured-in-israel-as-war-starts.html |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=Premium Times |language=en-GB |issn=2360-7688}}</ref> [[Magen David Adom]] said 89 people were injured in Iran’s first attacks, three directly and the rest indirectly.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/medics-treat-89-people-during-iranian-strikes-most-lightly-hurt-running-for-shelter/ |title=Medics treat 89 people during Iranian strikes, most lightly hurt running for shelter |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=28 February 2026}}</ref> Later, a strike in Tel Aviv killed one woman and injured 20 others. In the [[United Arab Emirates]], one man was killed in an Iranian attack.<ref name="NBC-AD">{{Cite web |last=Da Silva |first=Chantal |date=28 February 2026 |title=1 dead in Abu Dhabi, UAE says, as states intercept Iranian missiles |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/world/iran/live-blog/israel-iran-live-updates-rcna261099/rcrd102029?canonicalCard=true |access-date=28 February 2026 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ali |first1=Taz |last2=Ratcliffe |first2=Rebecca |title=US and Israel attack Iran as Trump says 'major combat operations' under way – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2026/feb/28/israel-attacks-iran-as-blasts-heard-in-tehran-live-updates?CMP=share_btn_url&page=with%3Ablock-69a2bc0c8f08e575db5bd4b5#block-69a2bc0c8f08e575db5bd4b5 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> In Syria, four people were killed when an Iranian missile hit a building.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=Four people killed in Syria after an Iranian missile falls on building, state media reports |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/four-people-killed-syria-after-an-iranian-missile-falls-building-state-media-2026-02-28/?|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In Dubai, four people were injured in strikes on residential areas.<ref name=":9">{{cite web | last1=Mohamed | first1=Edna | last2=Marsi | first2=Federica | last3=Siddiqui | first3=Usaid | last4=Adler | first4=Nils | last5=Stepansky | first5=Joseph | last6=Pietromarchi | first6=Virginia | title=US, Israel attack Iran live: Trump announces 'major combat operations' | website=Al Jazeera English | date=28 February 2026 | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/2/28/live-israel-launches-attacks-on-iran-multiple-explosions-heard-in-tehran | access-date=28 February 2026}}</ref> In Tehran, two students were killed in a strike.<ref name="AlJazeeraSchools">{{cite news |date=28 February 2026 |title=Israel strikes two schools in Iran, killing more than 50 people |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/2/28/israel-strikes-two-schools-in-iran-killing-more-than-50-people |access-date=28 February 2026 |work=[[Al Jazeera English]]}}</ref> ==== Minab school airstrike ==== {{Main|2026 Minab school airstrike}} A girls' elementary school in [[Minab]] was hit in Israeli and American attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2026 |title=Over 50 killed in strike on girls' elementary school in Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/video/newsfeed/2026/2/28/over-50-killed-in-strike-on-girls-elementary-school-in-iran |access-date=28 February 2026|website=Al Jazeera English |language=en}}</ref> Reports said 201 students were killed and 747 wounded.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-01|title=At least 153 dead after reported strike on school, Iran says|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1l7rvqq51eo|access-date=2026-03-02|website=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Direct U.S. Military Involvement== For the first time since the conflict began, the United States conducted direct airstrikes on Iranian nuclear infrastructure, including Fordow and Natanz. President Trump reportedly authorized the strikes, citing "preemptive containment." The Pentagon confirmed F-22 and F-35 aircraft participated, but two U.S. fighter jets were reportedly lost during the operation, with pilots recovered via special ops teams.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-weighs-retaliation-against-us-strikes-nuclear-sites-2025-06-23/ Iran issues warning to 'gambler' Trump: We will end this war] Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> ===International Reactions=== *Germany, via Defense Minister Boris Pistorius, described Israeli actions as “defensive and legitimate.” *Russia and China condemned both Israeli and U.S. actions. *The UN Security Council held an emergency session but failed to pass a resolution. *European airlines (Lufthansa, British Airways, Qantas) suspended all flights over Iranian and Israeli airspace.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-weighs-retaliation-against-us-strikes-nuclear-sites-2025-06-23/ Iran issues warning to 'gambler' Trump: We will end this war] Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> ==Economic and Strategic Fallout== *Global oil prices spiked 11% after Iran threatened to close the Strait of Hormuz. *Several oil tankers were diverted or delayed. *Analysts warned that a protracted conflict could disrupt 30% of global oil shipments and lead to stagflation in Europe.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/oil-markets-see-closure-hormuz-strait-unlikely-eni-ceo-says-2025-06-18/ Oil markets see closure of Hormuz Strait as unlikely, Eni CEO says] Retrieved 23 June 2025</ref> == Related pages == * [[Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)]] * [[Iran–Israel war]] ** [[June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran]] ** [[United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites]] *[[2026 United States strikes in Venezuela]] == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{2026 Iran war}} [[Category:February 2026 events]] [[Category:March 2026 events]] [[Category:April 2026 events]] [[Category:May 2026 events]] [[Category:June 2026 events]] ob8gewh73ibberz7g0jxph8xkifhfh5 0 1260247 10883092 10882139 2026-06-10T11:44:11Z Greenock125 652309 10883092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song contest | name = Eurovision Song Contest | year = 2027 | logo = [[File:KonkursPiosenkiEurowizja2027Bulgaria.png|270px]] | alt = | theme = ''United by Music"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebu.ch/news/2023/11/united-by-music-chosen-as-permanent-slogan-for-eurovision-song-contest|title='United By Music' chosen as permanent slogan for Eurovision Song Contest|publisher=[[European Broadcasting Union]]|website=ebu.ch|date=14 November 2023}}</ref> | semi1 = May 2027 | semi2 = May 2027 | final = May 2027 | venue = TBD, [[Bulgaria]] | presenters = [[Maria Bakalova]] | musdirector = | director = | esc_director = Martin Green | show_supervisor = | exproducer = | host = {{ill|Bulgarian National Television|en}} (BNT) | opening = | interval = | participants update = June 2026 | entries = 8 | finalists = | debut = | return = {{Esc|North Macedonia}} | nonreturn = | vote = | winner = | Map PreList = }} The '''Eurovision Song Contest 2027''' will be the 71st edition of the [[Eurovision Song Contest]]. The contest will be held in [[Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest|Bulgaria]], after their win at the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2026|2026 contest]] with the song "{{ill|Bangaranga|en}}" by [[Dara (Bulgarian singer)|Dara]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurovision.com/stories/dara-wins-the-eurovision-song-contest-2026-for-bulgaria/|title=DARA wins the Eurovision Song Contest 2026 for Bulgaria|website=eurovision.com|date=17 May 2026}}</ref> It will be organised by the [[European Broadcasting Union]] (EBU) and host broadcaster {{ill|Bulgarian National Television|en}} (BNT). ==Overview== It will be the first time that [[Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest|Bulgaria]] will host the contest. The country has previously hosted the [[Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2015]]. ==Location== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Cities that have expressed interest in hosting the contest |- ! scope="col"| City ! scope="col"| Venue ! scope="col"| Notes ! scope="col"| {{Refh}} |- ! scope="row"| [[Burgas]] | {{ill|Arena Burgas|en}} | Can hold up to 15,000 people for concerts. Candidacy supported by the Burgas municipal council. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/17/eurovision-2027-burgas-expresses-interest-in-hosting/|title=Eurovision 2027: Burgas Expresses its Interest in Hosting|website=Eurovoix|date=17 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| [[Plovdiv]] | {{ill|Kolodruma|en}} | Can hold up to 7,500 people for concerts. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/17/eurovision-2027-plovdiv-intends-to-bid-to-host/|title=Eurovision 2027: Plovdiv Intends to Bid to Host Eurovision|website=Eurovoix|date=17 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| [[Sofia]] | {{ill|Arena Sofia|en}} | Hosted the [[Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2015]]. Can hold up to 17,906 people for concerts. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/17/eurovision-2027-sofia-will-bid-to-host-eurovision/|title=Eurovision 2027: Mayor Confirms Sofia Will Bid to Host Eurovision|website=Eurovoix|date=17 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]] | {{ill|Palace of Culture and Sports|en}} | Kongresna Hall can hold up to 6,000 people. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://forbesbulgaria.com/2026/05/18/varna-i-plovdiv-vlizat-v-nadprevarata-za-domakinstvoto-na-evroviziya/|title=Варна и Пловдив влизат в надпреварата за домакинството на „Евровизия“|website=Forbes Bulgaria|date=18 May 2026}}</ref> |} ==Provisional list of participants== [[File:ESC 2027 Map.svg|thumb|310px|Countries which have provisionally confirmed their participation in 2027.]] {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sticky-header" |+Provisional participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 2027 ! scope="col"| Country ! scope="col"| Broadcaster ! scope="col"| Artist ! scope="col"| Song ! scope="col"| Language ! scope="col"| Songwriter(s) ! scope="col"| Ref. |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|Bulgaria}} | {{ill|Bulgarian National Television|en|lt=BNT}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.euromix.co.il/2026/01/31/surprise-bulgaria-confirms-participation-in-eurovision-2027/|title=Surprise: Bulgaria Confirms Participation in Eurovision 2027!|website=en.euromix.co.il|date=31 January 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|Denmark}} | {{ill|DR (broadcaster)|en|lt=DR}} | colspan="4" {{TBA| TBA 13 February 2027}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/16/eurovision-2027-what-do-we-know-already/|title=Eurovision 2027: What Do We Know Already?|website=Eurovoix|date=16 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|Finland}} | [[Yle]] | colspan = "4" {{TBA| TBA 20 February 2027}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/12/uuden-musiikin-kilpailu-2027-on-february-20/|title=Finland: Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu 2027 on February 20|website=Eurovoix|date=12 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|Germany}} | {{ill|Südwestrundfunk|en|lt=SWR}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/04/18/germany-confirms-national-selection-for-eurovision-2027/|title=🇩🇪 Germany: SWR Confirms National Selection for Eurovision 2027|website=Eurovoix|date=18 April 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|Greece}} | {{ill|Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation|en|lt=ERT}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://escspot.pl/2026/06/09/grecja-eurowizja-2027-sing-for-greece/|title=Grecja potwierdza udział w Eurowizji 2027 i kolejną edycję „Sing for Greece”|website=ESCSpot|language=pl}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|Luxembourg}} | {{ill|RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg|en|lt=RTL}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/21/prime-minister-frieden-confirms-luxembourgs-intention-to-compete-in-eurovision-2027/|title=🇱🇺 Luxembourg: Prime Minister Frieden Confirms Luxembourg's Intention to Compete in Eurovision 2027|website=Eurovoix|date=21 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|North Macedonia}} | {{ill|Macedonian Radio Television|en|lt=MRT}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/21/north-macedonia-return-eurovision-confirmed-2027/|title=🇲🇰 North Macedonia: Return to Eurovision Confirmed for 2027|website=Eurovoix|date=21 May 2026}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| {{esc|San Marino}} | {{ill|San Marino RTV|en|lt=SMRTV}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | {{N/A|}} | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/13/san-marino-eurovision-2027-starts-today/|title=San Marino: Work on Eurovision 2027 Starts Today|website=Eurovoix|date=13 May 2026}}</ref> |- |} ===Other countries=== ====Active EBU members==== Countries with an active [[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]] membership that participated in [[Eurovision Song Contest 2026|2026]] but have not announced their participation in 2027: * {{esc|Albania}} * {{esc|Armenia}} * {{esc|Australia}} * {{esc|Austria}} * {{esc|Azerbaijan}} * {{esc|Belgium}} * {{esc|Croatia}} * {{esc|Cyprus}} * {{esc|Czech Republic}} * {{esc|Estonia}} * {{esc|France}} * {{esc|Georgia}} * {{esc|Israel}} * {{esc|Italy}} * {{esc|Latvia}} * {{esc|Lithuania}} * {{esc|Malta}} * {{esc|Moldova}} * {{esc|Montenegro}} * {{esc|Norway}} * {{esc|Poland}} * {{esc|Portugal}} * {{esc|Romania}} * {{esc|Serbia}} * {{esc|Sweden}} * {{esc|Switzerland}} * {{esc|Ukraine}} * {{esc|United Kingdom}} Countries with an active [[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]] membership that have participated in the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] previously but have not announced their participation for 2027: * {{esc|Andorra}} * {{esc|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} * {{esc|Hungary}} * {{esc|Iceland}} * {{esc|Ireland}} * {{esc|Monaco}} * {{esc|Morocco}} * {{esc|Netherlands}} * {{esc|Slovakia}} * {{esc|Slovenia}} * {{esc|Spain}} * {{esc|Turkey}} ====Associate EBU member==== Countries with an active associate [[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]] membership that are interested in debuting in 2027: * {{flag|Canada}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2025/11/06/prime-minister-mark-carney-involved-push-for-eurovision-participation/|title=Canada: Prime Minister Mark Carney Involved in Push for Eurovision Participation|website=Eurovoix|date=6 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2026/may/15/canada-eurovision-song-contest|title=Canada is welcome to join Eurovision, says song contest director|website=The Guardian|date=15 May 2026}}</ref> ====Non-EBU member==== The following countries' that are pushing for [[European Broadcasting Union|EBU]] membership that have expressed interest in debuting in 2027: * {{flag|Kosovo}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurovoix.com/2026/05/31/kosovo-rtk-director-renews-call-for-kosovos-inclusion-eurovision-junior-eurovision/|title=🇽🇰 Kosovo: RTK Director Renews Call for Kosovo’s Inclusion in Eurovision and Junior Eurovision|website=Eurovoix|date=31 May 2026}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{URL|http://www.eurovision.com/|Official website}} {{Eurovision Song Contest}} [[Category:Eurovision Song Contest]] [[Category:May events]] 2dph6w0x38up1im052h7x65yem1amhm 0 1261502 10882611 10877953 2026-06-09T20:20:00Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:June 2026 events]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = 2026 Strait of Hormuz Crisis | partof = 2026 Iran War | image = File:Straße von Hormuz.jpg | caption = The Strait of Hormuz, where Iran has returned to "strict control" as of 18 April 2026. | date = 1 March 2026 – present | place = [[Strait of Hormuz]], [[Persian Gulf]], and [[Gulf of Oman]] | status = '''Ongoing''' * Condenação da ONU através da Resolução nº 2817[https://docs.un.org/en/s/res/2817(2026)] * Iran closed the waterway again on 18 April 2026.<ref name="AJ_18Apr">"Iran closes Strait of Hormuz again over US blockade of its ports," Al Jazeera, 18 April 2026.</ref> * U.S. Navy port blockade of Iran remains in effect.<ref name="CNN_18Apr">"Iranian gunboats fire on tanker after Strait of Hormuz closed again," CNN, 18 April 2026.</ref> * Failed peace talks in Islamabad (11–12 April).<ref name="NYT_18Apr">"Iran War Live Updates," The New York Times, 18 April 2026.</ref> | combatant1 = '''[[United States]]''' * [[United States Navy]] '''[[Israel]]''' * [[Israeli Air Force]] '''Supported by:''' * [[United Kingdom]] * [[Oman]] (Logistics) | combatant2 = '''[[Iran]]''' * [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC Navy]] * [[Islamic Republic of Iran Navy]] '''Supported by:''' * [[Hezbollah]] * [[Houthis]] | commander1 = * [[Donald Trump]] (President) * [[JD Vance]] (Vice President) * [[Pete Hegseth]] (Defense Secretary) * [[George Wikoff]] (Navy Commander) * [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] (Prime Minister) | commander2 = * [[Mojtaba Khamenei]] (Supreme Leader)<ref name="AP_9Mar">"Iran names Mojtaba Khamenei as supreme leader," AP News, 9 March 2026.</ref> * [[Masoud Pezeshkian]] (President) * [[Ali Khamenei]] {{KIA}}<ref name="Brit_IranWar">"2026 Iran war," Britannica, 16 April 2026.</ref> * [[Alireza Tangsiri]] {{KIA}}<ref name="ToI_Tangsiri">"Iranian navy commander Alireza Tangsiri killed in airstrike," Times of Israel, 26 March 2026.</ref> | strength1 = * 2 Aircraft carrier strike groups * 12+ Navy destroyers * F-35 stealth jets * Mine-clearance ships<ref name="BBC_14Apr">"Why and how is US blockading Iranian ports?" BBC News, 14 April 2026.</ref> | strength2 = * Shahed-136 attack drones * Coastal missile batteries * Fast-attack gunboats * Naval mines | casualties1 = * 15+ soldiers killed * 538+ personnel wounded<ref name="Ynet_25Mar">"US report: 290 American soldiers wounded in war," Ynetnews, 25 March 2026.</ref> * 3 F-15E aircraft lost * 17 military sites damaged | casualties2 = * 3,375+ total Iranians killed<ref name="AJ_26Mar">"Iran war live: Iran says 3,375 people killed during war," Al Jazeera, 26 March 2026.</ref> * 155+ naval vessels destroyed * 16 minelayer ships destroyed * Major damage to Bandar Abbas Navy Base | notes = * '''Current Crisis:''' Iran announced "strict management" of the strait on 18 April after the U.S. blocked Iranian food and fuel ships.<ref name="Guardian_18Apr">"Iran closes strait of Hormuz again until US lifts blockade," The Guardian, 18 April 2026.</ref> * '''Oil Impact:''' Prices peaked at $126/barrel in March 2026; largest supply disruption in history. * '''Shipping:''' 23+ merchant vessels attacked; 7 seafarers killed; 40,000 workers stranded.<ref name="BBC_Hormuz_18Apr">"Tanker and container ship report attacks," BBC News Live, 18 April 2026.</ref> * '''Tolls:''' Iran attempted to charge $1 million per ship for safe passage during Islamabad talks. }} The '''2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis''' is a conflict that is currently going on in the [[Middle East]]. It began on February 28, 2026. The crisis began when [[Israel]] and [[United States]] had a surprise military attack on [[Iran]] known as [[2026 Iran war|Operation Epic Fury]], or the ''2026 Iran war''. In such attacks, a number of Iranian leaders were killed such as the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]] [[Ali Khamenei]]. [[Iran]] reacted by blocking the shipping with its [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army|military]] in the [[Strait of Hormuz]], a very thin waterway that is highly significant in the oil supply of the world. The Iranian military is stopping (as of the first week of May), many ships from going thru the Strait of Hormuz.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrpnq00j5vo. Retrieved 2026-05-05</ref> Some ships have been attacked. Iran has been shooting at some ships that have tried to go thru the strait; Iran says that all ships must get [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/permission permission] (from Iranian authorities, to go thru the strait); Some ships have been [[detainment|detained]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c0mjev4kn9jt 17:54. Stranded oil tanker crew 'scared, exposed' amid blockade threats]. BBC. Retrieved 2026-04-22</ref> However, the [[Law of the Sea Treaty]] gives [[rights]] for ships, so that they can go thru the strait. The U.S. military is stopping (as of the first week of May), many ships from going to or from, the Strait of Hormuz.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgrpnq00j5vo. Retrieved 2026-05-05</ref> At least one ship has been detained.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2026/04/19/trump-navy-iran-ship-gulf-of-oman.html. Retrieved 2026-04-22</ref> About 2,000 ships are [https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/stranded stranded] in (, or can not leave) the [[Persian Gulf]], as of April; About 20,000 people are working onboard those ships.<ref name="AJ-21042026">{{Cite web |title=UN maritime agency urges help for seafarers stranded in Gulf |work=Al Jazeera |date=21 April 2026 |access-date=21 April 2026 |url=https://aje.news/0v16yj?update=4510046 }}</ref> == Start Of The Crisis == On February 28, 2026, a huge military operation known as [[2026 Iran war|Operation Epic Fury]] provoked the 2026 [[Strait of Hormuz]] [[Crisis]]. It was a collaborative air attack between [[Israel]] and the [[United States]] that attacked more than 900 targets in [[Iran]] which included the [[Nuclear power plant|nuclear facilities]], [[military]] [[leadership]] centers, and [[missile]] production facilities. First strikes killed the [[Supreme Leader of Iran]], [[Ali Khamenei]] and numerous high ranking officials. Iran responded immediately by having the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] (IRGC) declare the [[Strait of Hormuz]] a dead zone and started attacking [[Merchant vessel|merchant vessels]] to halt [[international trade]].<ref>{{Citation|last=LiveNOW from FOX|title=White House on Iran, Operation Epic Fury & DHS funding|date=2026-03-30|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYDwxXGnQbM|access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2026 Iran War|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/2026-Iran-war}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Background on Iran and Operation Epic Fury|url=https://republicanpolicy.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicanpolicy.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/rpc-iran-operation-epic-fury-memo.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Maleki|first=Miad|date=2026-04-13|title=What the US naval blockade would mean for Iran’s economy|url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202604135100|access-date=2026-04-20|website=www.iranintl.com|language=en}}</ref> == List of ships attacked by Iran == Ships have been attacked, as late as the first week of May;<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Min-kyung |first=Jung |date=2026-05-04 |title=Korean-operated vessel reports damage in Hormuz; no casualties |url=https://m.koreaherald.com/article/10731161 |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The Korea Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.kyivpost.com/post/74783. Retrieved 2026-04-27</ref> More than 30 ships have been attacked by Iran. {| class="wikitable sortable" <!--|+ List of ships attacked by Iran--> <!--! class="unsortable" | #--> <!--! Date--> ! Name ! [[Flag state|Flag]] ! [[Type]] ! Result ! Date ! Sources |- <!--|37 |{{dts|2026|05|04|format=dmy}}--> |''HMM Namu'' |{{Flag|Panama}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Cargo ship}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} |May 4 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Min-kyung |first=Jung |date=2026-05-04 |title=Korean-operated vessel reports damage in Hormuz; no casualties |url=https://m.koreaherald.com/article/10731161 |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=The Korea Herald |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|36 |{{dts|2026|05|03|format=dmy}}--> |''Barakah'' |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} |May 3 |<ref name="Reuters20260503">{{Cite news |date=3 May 2026 |title=UAE accuses Iran of attacking empty ADNOC oil tanker in Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/tanker-hit-by-unknown-projectiles-off-uaes-fujairah-ukmto-says-2026-05-04/ |access-date=4 May 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref> |- <!--|35-- |{{dts|2026|05|03|format=dmy}}--> |Unknown | |{{shade|color=green|50|Bulk carrier}} |{{Unknown}} | May 3 |<ref name="AJ20260503">{{Cite web |title=Bulk carrier attacked by multiple small craft off Iran |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/5/3/bulk-carrier-attacked-by-multiple-small-craft-off-iran-ukmto-says |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|34 |{{dts|2026|04|22|format=dmy}}--> |''Euphoria'' |{{Flag|Panama}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Active|Unharmed}} |April 22 |<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-22 |title=Iran claims seizure of two MSC-operated boxships while transiting the Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1156987/Iran-claims-seizure-of-two-MSC-operated-boxships-while-transiting-the-Strait-of-Hormuz |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Lloyd's List}}</ref> |- <!--|33 |{{dts|2026|04|22|format=dmy}}--> |''MSC Francesca'' |{{Flag|Panama}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}} |April 22 |<ref name=":15" /> |- <!--|32 |{{dts|2026|04|22|format=dmy}}--> |''Epaminondas'' |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}} |April 22 |<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |date=22 April 2026 |title=3 ships attacked in Strait of Hormuz, complicating efforts to resume U.S.-Iran talks |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/ships-attacked-hormuz-iran-u-s-conflict-9.7172801 |access-date=22 April 2026 |work=CBC}}</ref> |- <!--|31 |{{dts|2026|04|18|format=dmy}}--> |''{{ill|Mein Schiff 4|en}}'' |{{Flag|Malta|civil}} |{{shade|color=violet|50|[[Cruise ship]]}} |{{Active|Unharmed}} <small>and escaped with 5 other cruise ships</small> |April 18 |<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-18 |title=Trade ships hit in Hormuz as Iran recloses strait |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260418-trade-ships-hit-in-hormuz-as-iran-reopening-falters |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=aroy/> |- <!--|30 |{{dts|2026|04|18|format=dmy}}--> |''CMA CGM Everglade'' |{{Flag|France}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} |April 18 |<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Petrequin |first=Samuel |date=19 April 2026 |title=French shipping company says one of its ships was targeted |url=https://apnews.com/live/iran-war-israel-trump-04-19-2026#0000019d-a743-d934-a5bd-ff4b21f20000 |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|29 |{{dts|2026|04|18|format=dmy}}--> |''Sanmar Herald'' |{{Flag|India|civil}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Tanker}} |{{Active|Unharmed}} |April 18 |<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Tanker fired on by Iran in Hormuz Strait, container ship struck |url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/tanker-fired-on-by-iran-in-strait-of-hormuz |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=Seatrade Maritime News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top updates: Iran closes Strait of Hormuz again |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1092212/top-updates-iran-closes-strait-of-hormuz-again?_gl=1*r2we1k*_ga*NjVobERvR0NVZUhZQXhNQmpjcE5KN04xanNDdlRqYnFDZlZXM1lVN0dhbWxrcmF0U044dHUtVWdFYVFSUTRhSQ..*_ga_G1T78Y8E5C*MTc3NjU3OTc1MS4xLjEuMTc3NjU4MDg2Ny4wLjAuMA.. |access-date=2026-04-19 |website=[[Scroll.in]] |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|– |{{dts|2026|04|04|format=dmy}}--> |''MSC Ishyka''{{Efn|name=B}} |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Unknown}} |April 4 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Iran Claims to Have Hit an MSC Container Ship in the Mideast |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/iran-claims-to-have-hit-an-msc-container-ship-in-the-mideast |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en |date=5 April 2026}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2026-04-04 |title=10 impact sites after Iran fires cluster missile; Tehran claims strike on 'Israel-linked ship' |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hyrfgkrizl |access-date=2026-04-04 |work=Ynetglobal |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|28 |{{dts|2026|04|01|format=dmy}}--> |''Aqua 1'' |{{Flag|Panama}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} |April 1 |<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=1 April 2026 |title=QatarEnergy tanker hit causing a fire |url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/tanker-hit-near-qatar |access-date=1 April 2026 |work=Seatrade Maritime News}}</ref> |- <!--|27 |{{dts|2026|03|31|format=dmy}}--> |''Al Salmi'' |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} | March 31 |<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=31 March 2026 |title=Kuwaiti tanker 'Al Salmi' attacked by Iranian forces off Dubai coast |url=https://gulfnews.com/business/energy/kuwaiti-tanker-al-salmi-attacked-by-iranian-forces-off-dubai-coast-1.500491417 |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=Gulf News |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|26 |{{dts|2026|03|30|format=dmy}}--> |''Express Rome'' |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Active|Unharmed}} | March 30 |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=30 March 2026 |title=Facts about Strait of Hormuz shipping blockade |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260330-facts-about-strait-of-hormuz-shipping-blockade |access-date=30 March 2026 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|25 |{{dts|2026|03|21|format=dmy}}--> |Unknown |N/A |{{shade|color=green|50|Bulk carrier}} |{{Unknown}} | March 21 |<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2026 |title=Explosion reported near bulk carrier off UAE coast |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2804378-explosion-reported-near-bulk-carrier-off-uae-coast |access-date=27 March 2026 |website=Argus Media |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|24 |{{dts|2026|03|19|format=dmy}}--> |''Halul 69'' |{{Flag|Qatar}} |{{shade|color=orange|50|Offshore vessel}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 19 |<ref name=":0"/> |- <!--|23 |{{dts|2026|03|18|format=dmy}}--> |''Parimal'' |{{Flag|Palau}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Chemical tanker}} |{{D-W|Abandoned; captain missing}} | March 18 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2026 |title=Tanker struck near Strait of Hormuz off UAE, monitors say |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2026/03/20/world/tanker-struck-near-strait-of-hormuz-off-uae-monitors-say/2304009 |access-date=19 March 2026 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Vessel ablaze after strike off UAE, crew abandon ship |url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/vessel-ablaze-after-strike-off-uae-crew-abandon-ship |access-date=19 March 2026 |website=Seatrade Maritime News |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|22 |{{dts|2026|03|17|format=dmy}}--> |''Gas Al Ahmadiah'' |{{Flag|Kuwait}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Tanker}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 17 |<ref name=Reuters3.16.26>{{Cite news|title=Projectile hits Kuwait-flagged gas tanker off UAE's Fujairah |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/projectile-hits-tanker-off-uaes-fujairah-ukmto-says-2026-03-17/ |date=16 March 2026|access-date=17 March 2026|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> |- <!--|21 |{{dts|2026|03|12|format=dmy}}--> |''Source Blessing'' |{{Flag|Liberia|civil}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 12 |<ref>{{cite web |title=Projectile fragments hit Hapag-Lloyd container vessel near Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/projectile-fragments-hit-hapag-lloyd-container-vessel-near-strait-hormuz-2026-03-12/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=12 March 2026}}</ref> |- <!--|20 |{{dts|2026|03|11|format=dmy}}--> |''Zefyros'' |{{Flag|Malta|civil}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{D-W|Set ablaze; abandoned}} | March 11 |<ref name="1103CNN"/> |- <!--|19 |{{dts|2026|03|11|format=dmy}}--> |''Safesea Vishnu'' |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{D-W|Set ablaze; abandoned; 1 crew killed}} | March 11 |<ref name="1103CNN">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2026 |title=Strait of Hormuz in crosshairs of Iran conflict as attacks on ships escalate |url=https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/iran-war-us-israel-trump-03-11-26 |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=CNN |language=en-GB |archive-date=12 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260312055619/https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/iran-war-us-israel-trump-03-11-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/indian-crew-member-dies-in-attack-by-iran-against-us-owned-oil-tanker-safesea-vishnu-3929335 |title=Indian crew member dies in attack by Iran against US-owned oil tanker Safesea Vishnu |website=deccanherald.com}}</ref> |- <!--|– |{{dts|2026|03|11|format=dmy}}--> |''Express Rome''{{Efn|name=B}} |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{Unknown}} | March 11 |<ref name=SeatradeMaritime>{{Cite web |title=Three crew believed trapped on Thai ship hit in Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/three-crew-believed-trapped-on-precious-ship-hit-in-strait-of-hormuz |access-date=12 March 2026 |website=Seatrade Maritime News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- <!--|18 |{{dts|2026|03|11|format=dmy}}--> |''Star Gwyneth'' |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{shade|color=green|50|Bulk carrier}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} | March 11 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chambers |first=Sam |date=11 March 2026 |title=Multiple ships hit on day 12 of Iran war |url=https://splash247.com/multiple-ships-hit-on-day-12-of-iran-war/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Splash247 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- <!--|17 |{{dts|2026|03|11|format=dmy}}--> |''One Majesty'' |{{Flag|Japan}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 11 |<ref name=Bloomberg3.1.26/> |- <!--|16 |{{dts|2026|03|11|format=dmy}}--> |{{sort|Mayuree Naree|MV{{nbsp}}''[[MV Mayuree Naree (2007)|Mayuree Naree]]''}} |{{Flag|Thailand}} |{{shade|color=green|50|Bulk carrier}} |{{D-W|Aground}}; 3 crew killed | March 11 |<ref name=Bloomberg3.1.26>{{Cite news |date=11 March 2026 |title=Three vessels hit by projectiles in Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/cargo-ship-hit-by-projectile-strait-hormuz-crew-evacuates-2026-03-11/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-11/thai-cargo-ship-hit-near-strait-of-hormuz-20-crewmen-rescued |author1=Tanakasempipat, Patpicha |author2=Yuvejwattana, Suttinee |title=Thai Cargo Ship Hit in Strait of Hormuz; Three Crew Missing |website=[[Bloomberg Business News]] |language=en-US|date=11 March 2026 |access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |date=8 April 2026 |title=Thailand confirms three deaths from vessel attacked in Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thailand-confirms-three-deaths-vessel-attacked-strait-of-hormuz-2026-04-08/ |access-date=18 April 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref> |- <!--|15 |{{dts|2026|03|10|format=dmy}}--> |Unknown |N/A |{{shade|color=green|50|Bulk carrier}} |{{Active|Unharmed}} | March 10 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran keeps up attacks on Gulf states, says not a 'single liter of oil' will ship out {{!}} The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-keeps-up-attacks-on-gulf-states-says-not-a-single-liter-of-oil-will-ship-out/amp/ |access-date=10 March 2026 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> |- <!--|– |{{dts|2026|03|07|format=dmy}}--> |''Louis{{nbsp}}P''{{Efn|name=B}} |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{Unknown}} | March 7 |<ref name=DW3.7.26>{{Cite web |title=Iran says it hit tanker in Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iran-says-it-hit-tanker-in-strait-of-hormuz/liveblog-post-76260521 |access-date=7 March 2026 |website=DW |language=en |archive-date=7 March 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20260307231339/https://www.dw.com/en/iran-says-it-hit-tanker-in-strait-of-hormuz/liveblog-post-76260521 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- <!--|– |{{dts|2026|03|07|format=dmy}}--> |''Prima''{{Efn|Claimed by Iran/IRGC|name=B}} |{{Flag|Malta|civil}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil/chemical tanker}} |{{Unknown}} | March 7 |<ref name=AlJazeera3.7.26>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2026 |title=Iran attacks Malta-flagged tanker in Gulf near Strait of Hormuz |url=https://aje.news/ozn6u2?update=4374269 |access-date=7 March 2026|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> |- <!--|14 |{{dts|2026|03|06|format=dmy}}--> |''Mussafah{{nbsp}}2'' |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates|civil}} |{{shade|color=orange|50|[[Tugboat]]}} |{{Eliminated|Sank}}; 4 crew dead | March 6 |<ref name=MaritimeExec>{{Cite web |title=Salvage Tug Reported Attacked Near Straits of Hormuz with Crew Feared Dead |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/salvage-tug-reported-attacked-near-straits-of-hormuz-with-crew-feared-dead |access-date=7 March 2026 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=NewArab>{{Cite news |date=8 March 2026 |title=Three Indonesian crew missing after UAE tugboat sinks in Strait of Hormuz |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/three-indonesian-crew-missing-after-uae-tugboat-sinks-strait-hormuz?amp |access-date=8 March 2026 |work=The New Arab}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2026/03/09/three-indonesian-crew-missing-after-tugboat-sinks-in-strait-of-hormuz.html |title=Three Indonesian crew missing after tugboat sinks in Strait of Hormuz |work=The Jakarta Post|date=9 March 2026|access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> |- <!--|13 |{{dts|2026|03|04|format=dmy}}--> |''Sonangol Namibe'' |{{Flag|Bahamas|civil}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{Partial|Damaged}} | March 4 |<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2026 |title=Explosion reported off tanker near Kuwait, crew safe, UKMTO says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/explosion-reported-near-tanker-off-kuwait-crew-safe-ukmto-says-2026-03-05/ |access-date=5 March 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref> |- <!--|12 |{{dts|2026|03|04|format=dmy}}--> |''Safeen Prestige'' |{{Flag|Malta|civil}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|Container ship}} |{{D-W|Abandoned}} | March 4 |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Malta-flagged container ship hit by projectile in Hormuz, vessel abandoned, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/malta-flagged-container-ship-hit-by-projectile-hormuz-vessel-abandoned-sources-2026-03-04/ |date=4 March 2026|access-date=4 March 2026|work=Reuters}}</ref> |- <!--|11 |{{dts|2026|03|04|format=dmy}}--> |{{sort|Grace|''MSC{{nbsp}}Grace''}} |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=blue|50|[[Container ship]]}} |{{active|Unharmed}} | March 4 |<ref name="ME040326"/> |- <!--|10 |{{dts|2026|03|03|format=dmy}}--> |''Libra Trader'' |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Crude oil tanker}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 3 |<ref name="ME040326"/><ref name="Reuters040326"/> |- <!--|9 |{{dts|2026|03|03|format=dmy}}--> |''Pelagia'' |{{Flag|Malta|civil}} |{{shade|color=green|50|Bulk carrier}} |{{active|Unharmed}} | March 3 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanker struck off Kuwait, spilling oil |url=https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/tanker-struck-off-kuwait-spilling-oil |access-date=5 March 2026 |website=Seatrade Maritime News |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|8 |{{dts|2026|03|02|format=dmy}}--> |''Gold Oak'' |{{Flag|Panama}} |{{shade|color=green|50|[[Bulk carrier]]}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 2 |<ref name="ME040326">{{Cite web |title=Oman Rescues Crew of UAE Containership Struck by Missile |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/oman-rescues-crew-of-uae-containership-struck-by-missile |access-date=4 March 2026 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Reuters040326">{{Cite news |title=Gulf shipping crisis deepens as tankers stranded for fifth day, US sinks Iranian warship |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/hormuz-shutdown-worsens-after-us-hits-iranian-warship-tankers-stranded-fifth-day-2026-03-04/ |date=4 March 2026|access-date=4 March 2026|work=Reuters}}</ref> |- <!--|7 |{{dts|2026|03|02|format=dmy}}--> |''Athe{{nbsp}}Nova'' |{{Flag|Honduras}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Bitumen]] tanker}} |{{partial|Damaged}} | March 2 |<ref name="ME020326">{{Cite web |title=Iran Claims Strike on Iran-Linked Bitumen Tanker |url=https://maritime-executive.com/article/iran-claims-strike-on-iran-linked-bitumen-tanker |access-date=4 March 2026 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|6 |{{dts|2026|03|02|format=dmy}}--> |''Stena Imperative'' |{{Flag|United States}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Products tanker}} |{{partial|Damaged}} | March 2 |<ref name="Reuters020326">{{Cite news |title=US flagged products tanker hit by unknown projectiles in Bahrain port, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-flagged-products-tanker-hit-by-unknown-projectiles-bahrain-port-sources-say-2026-03-02/ |date=2 March 2026|access-date=4 March 2026|work=Reuters}}</ref> |- <!--|5 |{{dts|2026|03|01|format=d}}–{{dts|2026|03|02|format=dmy}}--> |{{sort|Ayeh|''LCT{{nbsp}}Ayeh''}} |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates|civil}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{partial|Damaged}} | March 1 to March{{nbsp}}2 |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhattacherjee |first=Kallol |date=3 March 2026 |title=Iran-Israel war: India cannot remain 'impervious' if Indians are hurt in the Gulf conflict, says MEA |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/iran-israel-war-india-expresses-great-anxiety-over-intensification-of-conflict-in-west-asia/article70699308.ece |access-date=4 March 2026 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 March 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20260304065604/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/iran-israel-war-india-expresses-great-anxiety-over-intensification-of-conflict-in-west-asia/article70699308.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=39 Indian flag ships and some 23,000-crew stranded in Iran, Strait of Hormuz and Persian Gulf |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/ports-shipping/39-indian-ships-stranded-in-hormuz-amid-escalating-iran-conflict/128981545 |access-date=5 March 2026 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|4 |{{dts|2026|03|01|format=dmy}}--> |''Ocean Electra'' |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Tanker}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 1 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=G |first=Arthur |date=1 March 2026 |title=Greek-owned tanker among four vessels attacked near Strait of Hormuz Greek City Times |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2026/03/02/greek-owned-tanker-ocean-electra-attacked-strait-of-hormuz/ |access-date=4 March 2026 |website=Greek City Times |language=en-GB |archive-date=3 March 2026 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20260303063420/https://greekcitytimes.com/2026/03/02/greek-owned-tanker-ocean-electra-attacked-strait-of-hormuz/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |- <!--|3 |{{dts|2026|03|01|format=dmy}}--> |{{sort|Hercules Star|MT{{nbsp}}''Hercules Star''}} |{{Flag|Gibraltar|civil}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{D-A|Minor damage}} | March 1 |<ref>{{Cite news |title=Peninsula-Chartered Tanker Sustains 'Minor Damage' in Iranian Attack |url=https://shipandbunker.com/news/emea/191969-peninsula-chartered-tanker-sustains-minor-damage-in-iranian-attack |date=2 March 2026|access-date=4 March 2026|work=Ship & Bunker}}</ref> |- <!--|– |{{dts|2026|03|01|format=dmy}}--> |''Sea La{{nbsp}}Donna''{{Efn|Attack unverified}} |{{Flag|Liberia}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil/chemical tanker}} |{{unknown}} | March 1 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2026 |title=Maritime security update: Gulf Region / Strait of Hormuz and Red Sea |url=https://www.skuld.com/topics/port/port-news/asia/maritime-security-update-gulf-region--strait-of-hormuz-and-red-sea/ |access-date=4 March 2026 |website=skuld.com |language=en}}</ref> |- <!--|2 |{{dts|2026|03|01|format=dmy}}--> |''MKD{{nbsp}}VYOM'' |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Oil tanker}} |{{D-W|Abandoned}}; 1 crew killed | March 1 |<ref name=EuroNews3.2.26>{{Cite web |title=Another oil tanker hit by drone boat as Strait of Hormuz tensions rise |url=https://www.euronews.com/business/2026/03/02/another-oil-tanker-hit-by-drone-boat-as-strait-of-hormuz-tensions-rise |date=2 March 2026|access-date=19 March 2026|website=[[Euronews]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/crew-member-killed-after-projectile-hits-mkd-vyom-tanker-off-oman-manager-says-2026-03-01 |title=Crew member killed after projectile hits MKD VYOM tanker off Oman, manager says |publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=1 March 2026|access-date=19 March 2026}}</ref> |- <!--|1 |{{dts|2026|03|01|format=dmy}}--> |{{sort|Skylight|MT{{nbsp}}''Skylight''}} |{{Flag|Palau}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Oil tanker]]}} |{{D-W|Abandoned}}; 2 crew killed, including captain | March 1 |<ref name="HindustanTimes020326">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2026 |title=3 Indians killed in Iranian attacks off Oman; 20 injured across West Asia |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-indians-killed-in-iranian-attacks-off-oman-20-injured-across-west-asia-101772473983914.html |access-date=4 March 2026 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BusinessInsider010326">{{Cite web |last1=Epstein |first1=Jake |last2=Baker |first2=Sinéad |title=Fighting with Iran has spread to tankers at sea. Ships are coming under fire around the busy Strait of Hormuz. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/fight-iran-spread-oil-tankers-vessels-strait-of-hormuz-2026-3 |access-date=4 March 2026 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/us-israel-iran-war-2-indians-killed-in-iran-attack-on-oil-tanker-skylight-in-strait-of-hormuz-near-oman-port-11171213 |title=2 Indians Killed In Iran Attack On Oil Tanker 'Skylight' In Strait Of Hormuz |website=ndtv.com}}</ref> |} == List of ships attacked by the U.S. == Ships have been attacked, as late as the fourth week of April. At least 9 ships have been attacked by the United States. {| class="wikitable sortable" <!--|+ List of ships attacked by Iran--> <!--! class="unsortable" | #--> <!--! Date--> ! Name ! [[Flag state|Flag]] ! [[Type]] ! Result ! Date ! Sources |- <!--|9 |{{dts|2026|04|25|format=dmy}}--> |''M/V Sevan '' |{{Flag|Panama}} |{{shade|color=black|50|Propane and butane carrier}} |{{Eliminated|Forced back to Iranian port, after capture}}; The ship had been taken in the [[Arabian Sea]] by a helicopter with [[USS Pinckney|a U.S. destroyer]]. |April 25 |<ref>https://kyivindependent.com/us-intercepted-russian-shadow-fleet-vessel-in-arabian-sea-us-central-command-says/</ref> |- <!--|8 |{{dts|2026|04|24|format=dmy}}--> |''Unknown'' |{{Flag|Iran}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Oil tanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted in the Persian Gulf by [[USS Rafael Peralta|a destroyer]], according to [[CENTCOM|a U.S. authority]]. |April 24 | <ref>https://sundayguardianlive.com/world/us-israel-iran-war-latest-news-uss-rafael-peralta-intercepts-iranian-flagged-vessel-amid-naval-blockade-dark-fleet-crackdown-186409/amp/. Retrieved 2026-04-26</ref> |- <!--|7 |{{dts|2026|04|22|format=dmy}}--> |''M/T Majestic X'' |{{Flag|Guyana}}<ref>https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9198317</ref> |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Oil tanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted in the Indian Ocean. |April 22 |<ref>https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/security/us-seizes-iran-linked-tanker-majestic-x</ref> |- <!--|6 |{{dts|2026|04|21|format=dmy}}--> |''Tifani'' |{{Flag|Botswana}}<ref>https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9273337</ref> |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Supertanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted in the Indian Ocean. |April 21 |<ref>https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9273337</ref> |- <!--|5 |{{dts|2026|04|format=dmy}}--> |''Derya'' |{{Flag|Iran}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Oil tanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted off western India. |April |<ref>https://www.nationthailand.com/news/world/40065398</ref> |- <!--|4 |{{dts|2026|04|format=dmy}}--> |''Sevin'' |{{Flag|Iran}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Oil tanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted off Malaysia. |April |<ref>https://www.marinelink.com/news/us-intercepts-three-iranian-tankers-asian-538378</ref> |- <!--|3 |{{dts|2026|04|20|format=dmy}}--> |''Dorena'' |{{Flag|Iran}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Supertanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted off southern India. |April 20 |<ref>https://www.afr.com/world/asia/us-intercepts-three-iranian-oil-tankers-in-asian-waters-sources-say-20260423-p5zqag</ref><ref>https://www.nationthailand.com/news/world/40065398</ref> |- <!--| |{{dts|2026|04|19|format=dmy}}--> |''{{ill|Touska|en}}'' |{{Flag|Iran}} |<!--{{shade|color=black|50|[[Supertanker]]}}--> |<!--{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted off southern India.--> |April 19 | <ref>https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/nye-omfattende-sanksjoner/s/5-95-3002575. Retrieved 2026-04-25</ref> |- <!--|2 |{{dts|2026|04|format=dmy}}--> |''Deep Sea'' |{{Flag|Iran}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Oil tanker]]}} |{{Eliminated|Captured}}; Intercepted off Malaysia. |April |<ref>https://www.afr.com/world/asia/us-intercepts-three-iranian-oil-tankers-in-asian-waters-sources-say-20260423-p5zqag</ref> |- <!--|1 |{{dts|2026|04|04|format=dmy}}--> | {{ill|IRIS Dena|en}} |{{Flag|Iran}} |{{shade|color=black|50|[[Iranian Navy]] frigate}} |{{Eliminated|Sunk}}; [[Sinking of IRIS Dena|Torpedoed]] by the [[USS Charlotte (SSN-766)|USS Charlotte]] off Sri Lanka after finishing exercises; Exercises done with the Indian Navy<!--under Indian naval operations-->. 238 Iranian sailors killed, 32 rescued. |April 4 |<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9qdd318qd9o</ref> |} == The "War Of Blockades" == By April 2026, the war had become a two-way blockade: * [[Iran|Iranian]] Counter-[[Blockade]]: Iran used [[Naval mine|sea mines]], "kamikaze" [[Drone strike|drones]], and fast-attack [[Boat|boats]] to stop [[Merchant vessel|vessels]]. The [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] also introduced a controlled passage system whereby they charged a toll of more than 1 million [[gold]] per [[Merchant vessel|vessel]] to pass through the tight chokepoint.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2026 Iran war|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/2026-Iran-war}}</ref> * [[United States|U.S.]] Operation Economic Fury: On April 12, the negotiations between the two countries broke down, [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump]] declared a complete naval blockade of all Iranian [[Port|ports]] and coastal waters, which would begin April 13, 2026. According to [[United States Central Command|U.S. Central Command]], the blockade was effective in stopping almost all Iranian maritime trade, which eliminated about 435 million of daily Iranian economic activity.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vincent|first=Brandi|date=2026-04-16|title=U.S. launches ‘Operation Economic Fury’ to obstruct Iran’s revenue streams amid blockade|url=https://defensescoop.com/2026/04/16/trump-economic-pressure-iran-blockade/|access-date=2026-04-20|website=DefenseScoop|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=jcookson|date=2026-04-17|title=The Strait of Hormuz is ‘open,’ but the US blockade remains in place. Here’s what that means.|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/the-strait-of-hormuz-is-open-but-the-us-blockade-remains-in-place-heres-what-that-means/|access-date=2026-04-20|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Al Jazeera|title=US military says blockade of Iran ports ‘completely’ halts economic trade|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/4/15/us-military-says-blockade-of-iran-ports-completely-halts-economic-trade|access-date=2026-04-20|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Maleki|first=Miad|date=2026-04-13|title=What the US naval blockade would mean for Iran’s economy|url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202604135100|access-date=2026-04-20|website=www.iranintl.com|language=en}}</ref> == Status == In a temporary [[ceasefire]] in [[Lebanon]], [[Iran]] declared that it would completely reopen the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait]] to commercial shipping on April 17, 2026. [[President of the United States|President]] [[Donald Trump|Trump]] however, made it clear that the U.S. blockade of Iranian [[Port|ports]] would not be lifted.<ref>{{Cite web|last=jcookson|date=2026-04-17|title=The Strait of Hormuz is ‘open,’ but the US blockade remains in place. Here’s what that means.|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/dispatches/the-strait-of-hormuz-is-open-but-the-us-blockade-remains-in-place-heres-what-that-means/|access-date=2026-04-20|website=Atlantic Council|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=DD India|title=Strait of Hormuz Explained: What Iran’s ‘Controlled Opening’ Means|date=2026-04-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kf9_7QwyMCg|access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=CTV News|title=Iran reopens Strait of Hormuz {{!}} CTV National News at 5:30 for April 17, 2026|date=2026-04-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZuCLrQjeO0|access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-17|title=Hormuz 17 April 2026 #1 {{!}} International Crisis Group|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/hormuz-17-april-2026-1|access-date=2026-04-20|website=www.crisisgroup.org|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Iran]] on April 18, 2026, changed its mind and reclosed the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait]]. The [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] said that the [[waterway]] would be under strict management until the [[United States|U.S.]] ends its [[blockade]]. The same day, Iranian [[Gunboat|gunboats]] are said to have fired at a tanker and an Indian flagged ship transporting [[Petroleum|crude oil]] causing the ships to reverse.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Jessie|date=2026-04-19|title=Iran closes strait of Hormuz again ‘until US lifts blockade’|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/apr/18/iran-closes-strait-of-hormuz-again-until-us-lifts-blockade|access-date=2026-04-20|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Global News|title=Global National: April 18, 2026 {{!}} Iran reverses course, places restrictions back on Strait of Hormuz|date=2026-04-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmoQYYhwyAQ|access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Geo Headlines|title=American blockade! The Strait of Hormuz is closed again {{!}} Geo News 12 AM Headlines {{!}} 19 April 2026|date=2026-04-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ydmq6vmP9o|access-date=2026-04-20}}</ref> == Main Events == * February 28, 2026: The [[United States|U.S]] and [[Israel|Israeli]] airstrikes hit [[Iran]]. Iran started to assault tankers off the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait]]. * March 1- 2, 2026: Traffic in the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait]] reduced to zero. Big corporations such as [[Maersk]] and [[Hapag-Lloyd]] denied their vessels the entry to the region. * March 9, 2026: [[President of the United States|U.S President]] [[Donald Trump]] declared his intention to put the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait]] under the trial of the [[United States Armed Forces|US military]] to ensure that it remains open. * March 19, 2026: The [[United States|U.S]] and its allies initiated a military operation to sweep in the waterway to sweep the mines and secure the [[Ship|ships]]. == Blockade Tactics == To maintain the [[waterway]] blocked, Iran has employed "hybrid warfare":<ref>{{Cite web|title=Background on Iran and Operation Epic Fury|url=https://republicanpolicy.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicanpolicy.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/rpc-iran-operation-epic-fury-memo.pdf}}</ref> * [[Kinetic Attacks]]: Use of [[fast boats]], [[Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missiles]], and [[drone swarms]]. * [[Naval mine|Sea Mines]]: Thousands of underwater bombs were planted by [[Iran]]. The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] started clearing the mines with [[Warship|warships]] and [[Unmanned underwater vehicle|underwater drones]] on April 11. * [[Electronic warfare|Electronic Warfare]]: There have been extensive cases of [[GNSS spoofing|GPS spoofing]] and [[GPS Jamming|jamming]] to confuse [[Ship|ships]] in which some of the [[Ship|ships]] have been grounded. * [[Tariff|Economic Tolls]]: The transits charge up to $1 million to pass their friendlies. == Global Economic and Humanitarian Impact == The most serious [[world]] [[oil]] [[market]] supply shock in [[history]] is due to the [[crisis]]: * [[Energy]] and [[Fuel]]: In [[March]], [[oil]] prices went to highs of 126 per [[barrel]], the highest monthly rise in [[history]]. According to the [[International Energy Agency]] (IEA) the situation was the greatest supply disruption in history. * [[Logistics]]: The largest shipping companies, such as [[Maersk]] and [[Hapag-Lloyd]], have been bypassing the [[Cape of Good Hope]] in [[Africa]], which has added 10-14 days to the trip and added up to 50 to the cost.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-13|title=‘Clock is ticking’: Hormuz disruption raises fears of global food crisis {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167289|access-date=2026-04-20|website=news.un.org|language=en}}</ref> * [[Food]] and [[Fertilizer]]: [[United Nations]] cautioned of a [[world]] [[food]] [[crisis]] since the [[region]] supplies approximately 30 percent of the [[world]] [[fertilizer]]. These supplies have been cut off by the [[blockade]], just prior to the spring planting season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-13|title=‘Clock is ticking’: Hormuz disruption raises fears of global food crisis {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167289|access-date=2026-04-20|website=news.un.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-03-23|title=Dire fertiliser shortage a lurking threat due to Hormuz crisis {{!}} UN News|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/03/1167182|access-date=2026-04-20|website=news.un.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-14|title=Hormuz closure disrupts global fertilizer trade, raising food prices {{!}} The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/article-892976|access-date=2026-04-20|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|language=en}}</ref> * [[Water]] [[Crisis]]: The Gulf region is facing a [[humanitarian crisis]] because Iranian attacks on [[desalination]] facilities, which supply 99% of drinking [[water]] in [[Kuwait]] and [[Qatar]], have caused [[Water scarcity|water shortages]] in the countries. * High-Tech Industries: [[Qatar]] is also a major producer of [[helium]] (almost one-third of the global supply), which is essential in [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] [[Machine|machines]] in [[Hospital|hospitals]] and [[manufacturing]] of [[Integrated circuit|computer chips]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beyond oil: 9 commodities impacted by the Strait of Hormuz crisis|url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2026/04/beyond-oil-lng-commodities-impacted-closure-hormuz-strait/|access-date=2026-04-20|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref> ==Notes== {{notelist}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{2026 Iran war}} [[Category:February 2026 events]] [[Category:March 2026 events]] [[Category:April 2026 events]] [[Category:May 2026 events]] [[Category:June 2026 events]] p5zvpe0nb6n6m4gdgu6btvr7oe9vrbr 0 1262378 10882608 10880718 2026-06-09T20:19:24Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | country = Peru | flag_year = state | previous_election = 2021 Peruvian general election | previous_year = 2021 | next_election = | next_year = ''2031'' | module = {{Infobox election | embed = yes | election_name = Presidential election | type = Presidential | registered = 27,325,432 | turnout = 73.81% (first round) | opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2026 Peruvian general election | election_date = 12–13 April 2026 (first round)<br />7 June 2026 (second round) | reporting = 96.024 | last_update = 9 June, 15:05 | time_zone = [[UTC−05:00]] | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Congresista Roberto S. Palomino.jpg|thumb|Roberto Sánchez Palomino|bSize = 175 |cWidth = 115 |cHeight = 150|oTop = 10|oLeft = 30}} | candidate1 = [[Roberto Sánchez (politician)|Roberto Sánchez]] | party1 = Together for Peru | running_mate1 = [[Analí Márquez]]<br />Brígida Curo | popular_vote1 = 8,914,029 | percentage1 = 50.057% | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = 260406-MITIN-KEIKO-PIURA-064 (cropped).jpg |bSize = 200 |cWidth = 115 |cHeight = 150|oTop = 5|oLeft = 44}} | candidate2 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] | party2 = Popular Force | running_mate2 = [[Luis Galarreta]]<br />[[Miki Torres]] | popular_vote2 = 8,893,751 | percentage2 = 49.943% | title = President | before_election = [[José María Balcázar]] | before_party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] | after_election = | after_party = | map_image = File:Mapa Distrital Elecciones Perú2026.svg | map_size = | map_caption = | module = {{Infobox legislative election | embed = yes | election_date = 12–13 April 2026 | election_name = Chamber of Deputies | seats_for_election = All 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies | majority_seats = 66 | leader1 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] | party1 = [[Popular Force|FP]] | percentage1 = | last_election1 = 24 | seats1 = 39 | leader2 = [[Roberto Sánchez Palomino|Roberto Sánchez]] | party2 = Together for Peru | percentage2 = | last_election2 = 5 | seats2 = 31 | leader3 = [[Jorge Nieto]] | party3 = Party of Good Government | percentage3 = | last_election3 = New | seats3 = 18 | leader4 = [[Rafael López Aliaga]] | party4 = Popular Renewal | percentage4 = | last_election4 = 13 | seats4 = 16 | leader5 = [[Ricardo Belmont]] | party5 = Civic Party OBRAS | percentage5 = | last_election5 = New | seats5 = 15 | leader6 = [[Alfonso López-Chau]] | party6 = [[Now Nation|AN]] | percentage6 = | last_election6 = New | seats6 = 11 | map = | map_caption = | module = {{Infobox legislative election | embed = yes | election_date = 12–13 April 2026 | election_name = Senate | seats_for_election = All 60 seats in the Senate | majority_seats = 31 | leader1 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] | party1 = [[Popular Force|FP]] | percentage1 = | last_election1 = New | seats1 = 22 | leader2 = [[Roberto Sánchez Palomino|Roberto Sánchez]] | party2 = Together for Peru | percentage2 = | last_election2 = New | seats2 = 14 | leader3 = [[Rafael López Aliaga]] | party3 = Popular Renewal | percentage3 = | last_election3 = New | seats3 = 8 | leader4 = [[Jorge Nieto]] | party4 = Party of Good Government | percentage4 = | last_election4 = New | seats4 = 7 | leader5 = [[Ricardo Belmont]] | party5 = Civic Party OBRAS | percentage5 = | last_election5 = New | seats5 = 5 | leader6 = [[Alfonso López-Chau]] | party6 = [[Now Nation|AN]] | percentage6 = | last_election6 = New | seats6 = 4 | map = | map_caption = }}}} }} }} [[General elections]] were held in [[Peru]] on 12 April 2026 with a [[run-off election|run-off]] set for 7 June 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2025 |title=Deeply unpopular Peruvian president calls for general elections in April 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/peru-elections-declared-2026-president-boluarte-dabea7cd70b6288542317b080b99c8aa |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=Peru Congress opens door to early elections amid unrest |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-peru-pedro-castillo-3728208344ba972f850f0de29e5b5802 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alva |first=Diego |title=Congreso aprueba reconsideración y vuelve al debate adelanto de elecciones para 2023 |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/congreso/2023/01/30/congreso-aprueba-reconsideracion-vuelve-al-debate-adelanto-de-elecciones-2023-25081 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=[[La República (Peru)|La Republica]] |date=30 January 2023 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alva |first=Diego |title= Dina Boluarte: "El tema de adelanto de elecciones está cerrado, trabajaremos hasta julio de 2026"|url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/gobierno/2023/06/15/dina-boluarte-el-tema-de-adelanto-de-elecciones-esta-cerrado-trabajaremos-hasta-julio-de-2026-411465|access-date=2023-06-17 |website=[[La República (Peru)|La Republica]] |date=17 June 2023 |language=es}}</ref> The presidential elections will elect the [[President of Peru|president]] and the [[Vice President of Peru|vice presidents]], while the congressional elections will elect members of the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Congress of Peru]], which will return to being a bicameral legislature with a 60-seat Senate and 130-seat Chamber of Deputies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Marco |date=December 24, 2025 |title=In Peru, record 34 candidates are presidential hopefuls amid political distrust |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-record-34-candidates-are-presidential-hopefuls-amid-political-distrust-2025-12-24/}}</ref> The last president, [[José Jerí]], was removed from office in February 2026 by Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://andina.pe/agencia/video-congreso-aprueba-censura-contra-jose-jeri-66125.aspx|title=Congreso aprueba censura contra José Jerí|access-date=2026-02-17|date=2026-02-17|publisher=Andina|lang=es}}</ref> In the first round, [[right-wing]] politician [[Keiko Fujimori]] of [[Popular Force]] and daughter of former president [[Alberto Fujimori]], placed first. [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] candidate [[Roberto Sánchez (politician)|Roberto Sánchez]] placed second, narrowly over far-right businessman [[Rafael López Aliaga]].<ref>{{cite web |website=Yahoo News |title=Peru's Sanchez to face Fujimori in runoff as rival signals protests over fraud |url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/peru-sanchez-face-fujimori-runoff-223434282.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEnefgOEckUtMWFCvs2I0pLTi1JbysmAO4Q3ZspTsrWktG20BRU8heN_H5pQHpNaC0eaKrSIuLpMXWuER5wqLObP1FWDJu4Owodp1-cAhp3b5uvcCiKBkA6QrmdWelG07qltNzFJqKVpEHymF5tsilnTTKBed1TnkSEmRoOVggvm |date=13 April 2026 |access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Freixes |first=Josep |date=15 April 2026 |title=Left Advances to Peru's Presidential Runoff, Set to Face Keiko Fujimori |url=https://colombiaone.com/2026/04/15/peru-left-presidential-runoff-keiko-fujimori/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |work=ColombiaOne.com}}</ref> Because of delays in many polling stations, election authorities extended voting by one day for voters unable to cast their ballots.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Lucinda |last2=Aquino |first2=Marco |website=Reuters |title=Peru election marred by delays as conservatives lead early count |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peruvians-vote-crowded-presidential-race-runoff-looms-2026-04-12/ |date=13 April 2026 |access-date=13 April 2026}}</ref> Following Sánchez's rise in votes later in the voting process, López Aliaga reportedly began a [[disinformation campaign]] against electoral authorities, accusing the process of fraud.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Aguirre |first=Doris |date=19 April 2026 |title=El ‘plan Morrocoy’ de López Aliaga para anular las elecciones |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2026/04/19/el-plan-morrocoy-de-lopez-aliaga-para-anular-las-elecciones-onpe-rafael-lopez-aliaga-renovacion-popular-hnews-824040 |access-date=20 April 2026 |website=[[La República]] |language=es}}</ref> ==Opinion poll== ;{{small|Legend:}} {{legend|#FFEAEA|Poll performed during the blackout of polling information.|borde=#AAAAAA}} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:16px;" ! rowspan="3" |<small>Pollster / Client</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Sample size</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Margin of error</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Date</small> ! style="width:50px;" | [[File:260406-MITIN-KEIKO-PIURA-064 (cropped 2).jpg|50x50px|link=Keiko Fujimori]] ! style="width:50px;" | [[File:Roberto Sánchez Palomino 2022 (retouched).jpg|50x50px]] ! rowspan="3" |<small>Blank/None</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Undecided</small> ! rowspan="3" style="width:30px;" |<small>Lead</small> |- ! {{Small|[[Keiko Fujimori|Fujimori]]}}<br><small>[[Popular Force|FP]]</small> ! {{Small|[[Roberto Sánchez (politician)|Sánchez]]}}<br><small>[[Together for Peru|JP]]</small> |- ! style="background:#FF8000" | ! style="background:#00FF00" | |- style="background-color:#FFEAEA; height:38px;" | Datum Internacional/América TV<ref>{{Cite news |title=Encuesta Datum 3/4 junio. |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Cepo5tDbe/ |work=Radar de Noticias}}</ref> | 1,201 | – | 3–4 June 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38.8''' | 37.0 | 14.2 | 10.0 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|1.8}} |- style="background-color:#FFEAEA;" | Ipsos Perú/Perú21<ref name=ipsos-4jun>{{Cite web |url=https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/s%C3%A1nchez-fujimori-empate-t%C3%A9cnico-d%C3%ADas-003215575.html |title=Sánchez y Fujimori en empate técnico a días del balotaje presidencial de Perú |access-date= 5 June 2026 |date=4 June 2026 |website=yahoo.com |language=es }}</ref> | 1,231 | – | 3 June 2026 | 43.2 | style="background:#5EEF72"|'''43.8''' | 13 | — | style="background:{{Party color|Together for Peru}}" | {{color|black|0.6}} |- | Ipsos Perú/Perú21<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú 21 |title=Será una victoria ajustada ipsos alfredo torres |url=https://peru21.pe/opinion/sera-una-victoria-ajustada-ipsos-alfredo-torres/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=peru21.pe |language=es}}</ref> | 1,204 |– | 29–30 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38''' | 35 | 12 | 15 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3}} |- | Datum Internacional/El Comercio<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-31 |title=Encuesta Datum: El 57% considera que el debate será decisivo para definir su voto |url=https://elcomercio.pe/politica/encuesta-datum-internacional-el-57-considera-que-el-debate-sera-decisivo-para-definir-su-voto-simulacro-de-votacion-intencion-de-voto-keiko-fujimori-roberto-sanchez-fuerza-popular-juntos-por-el-peru-tlcnota-noticia/?ref=ecr#google_vignette |access-date=2026-05-31 |work=El Comercio |language=es-PE |issn=1605-3052}}</ref> | 1,501 |– | 26–30 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''39.8''' | 35.9 | 13.8 | 10.5 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3.9}} |- | CIT<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redactor_SDC |date=2026-05-31 |title=Keiko Fujimori amplía su ventaja y saca casi 8 puntos a Roberto Sánchez: candidata presidencial de Fuerza Popular sube 7.7% |url=https://www.expreso.com.pe/en-portada/keiko-fujimori-amplia-su-ventaja-y-saca-casi-8-puntos-a-roberto-sanchez-candidata-presidencial-de-fuerza-popular-sube-7-7-juntos-por-el-peru-noticia/1290944/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Diario Expreso |language=es}}</ref> | 1,220 |2.8 | 27–29 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''41.1''' | 33.4 | 13.2 | 12.3 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|7.7}} |- |CPI<ref>{{cite news|last = Corrales Valqui|first = Marilyn|title = Última encuesta CPI: 13,4% de peruanos indecisos y el 22,6% votaría blanco o viciado en la segunda vuelta entre Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez|url = https://www.infobae.com/peru/2026/05/29/ultima-encuesta-cpi-134-de-peruanos-indecisos-y-el-226-votaria-blanco-o-viciado-en-la-segunda-vuelta-entre-keiko-fujimori-y-roberto-sanchez/|website = infobae.com|date = 29 May 2026|access-date = 30 May 2026}}</ref> |1,200 |2.8 |26–28 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''32.5''' |29.1 |22.6 |13.4 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3.4}} |- | CB Global Data<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edmundo |date=2026-06-01 |title=Empate técnico marca la recta final hacia el balotaje presidencial en Perú |url=https://elmundo.cr/mundo/empate-tecnico-marca-la-recta-final-hacia-el-balotaje-presidencial-en-peru/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=El Mundo CR |language=es-CR}}</ref> | 1,595 |2.5 | 25–30 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38.6''' | 36.5 | 15.1 | 9.8 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|2.1}} |- | Imasolu<ref>{{Cite web |title=Encuesta Presidencial Segunda Vuelta Mayo 2026: intención de voto entre Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez |url=https://imasolu.com/portfolio/encuesta-presidencial-segunda-vuelta-mayo-2026-intencion-de-voto-entre-keiko-fujimori-y-roberto-sanchez/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Imasolu |language=es-PE}}</ref> |1,200 |2.8 | 23–26 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''39.58''' | 33.08 | 14.25 | 13.08 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|6.5}} |- |IEP/La República<ref>{{cite web|last = Saavedra|first = Narda|title = Encuesta IEP entre Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez: indecisos se duplican y llegan a 26%, blanco y nulo cae al 6%|url = https://larepublica.pe/politica/2026/05/28/encuesta-iep-indecisos-se-duplican-y-llegan-a-26-blanco-y-nulo-cae-al-6-roberto-sanchez-keiko-fujimori-hnews-1026872|website = larepublica.pe|date = 28 May 2026|access-date = 29 May 2026|language = es}}</ref> |1,204 |2.8 |22–26 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''36''' |30 |6 |26 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|6}} |- |Datum Internacional/América TV<ref>{{cite news|title = Encuesta de Datum le da 39.5% de intención de voto a Keiko Fujimori y 36.1% a Roberto Sánchez en segunda vuelta|url = https://elcomercio.pe/politica/elecciones/encuesta-de-datum-le-da-395-de-intencion-de-voto-a-keiko-fujimori-y-361-a-roberto-sanchez-en-segunda-vuelta-ultimas-noticia/|website = elcomercio.pe|date = 22 May 2026|access-date = 22 May 2026|language = es}}</ref> |1,200 |2.8 |17–20 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''39.5''' |36.1 |15.9 |8.5 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3.4}} |- |Ipsos Peru/Péru 21<ref name=ipsos-20may>{{cite news|url=https://peru21.pe/politica/encuesta-ipsos-keiko-supera-con-39-sanchez-35-en-intencion-de-voto/ |title=Encuesta Ipsos: Keiko supera con 39% a Sánchez, que tiene 35% en intención de voto |date=20 May 2026 |website=peru21.pe |access-date=21 May 2026 |language=es}}</ref> |1,210 |2.8 |16–17 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''39''' |35 |14 |12 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|4}} |- |CIT/Expreso<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.expreso.com.pe/politica/segunda-vuelta-ajustada-keiko-fujimori-supera-por-4-puntos-a-roberto-sanchez-segun-encuesta-cit-fuerza-popular-juntos-por-el-peru-noticia/1288498/ |title=¡Segunda vuelta ajustada! Keiko Fujimori supera por 4 puntos a Roberto Sánchez, según encuesta CIT |date=21 May 2026 |publisher=expreso.com.pe |lang=es}}</ref> | 1,220 |2.8 | 14–17 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''40.5''' | 36 |23.5 |— | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" |{{color|white|4.5}} |- |IEP/La República<ref>{{cite web|url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2026/04/29/keiko-fujimori-es-fuerte-en-lima-pero-roberto-sanchez-gana-en-provincias-hnews-1115296 |title=Encuesta IEP: Keiko Fujimori es fuerte en Lima, pero Roberto Sánchez gana en provincias|date=29 April 2026 |website=larepublica.pe }}</ref> | 1,197 |2.8 | 21–25 April 2026 | 31 | style="background:#5EEF72"|'''32''' |24 |13 | style="background:{{Party color|Together for Peru}}" | {{color|black|1}} |- |Ipsos Perú/Perú21<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peru21.pe/politica/encuesta-ipsos-peru21-asi-va-la-intencion-de-voto-para-la-segunda-vuelta/ |title=Encuesta Ipsos-Perú21: Así va la intención de voto para la segunda vuelta |date=26 April 2026 |website=peru21.pe }}</ref> | 1,208 |2.8 | 23–24 April 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38''' | style="background:#5EEF72"|'''38''' |17 |7 | data-sort-value="0" |Tie |- |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{politics-stub}} [[Category:April 2026 events]] qimikdnclt8d7kcjnj60m17utj3a3ab 10882609 10882608 2026-06-09T20:19:40Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:June 2026 events]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | country = Peru | flag_year = state | previous_election = 2021 Peruvian general election | previous_year = 2021 | next_election = | next_year = ''2031'' | module = {{Infobox election | embed = yes | election_name = Presidential election | type = Presidential | registered = 27,325,432 | turnout = 73.81% (first round) | opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2026 Peruvian general election | election_date = 12–13 April 2026 (first round)<br />7 June 2026 (second round) | reporting = 96.024 | last_update = 9 June, 15:05 | time_zone = [[UTC−05:00]] | image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Congresista Roberto S. Palomino.jpg|thumb|Roberto Sánchez Palomino|bSize = 175 |cWidth = 115 |cHeight = 150|oTop = 10|oLeft = 30}} | candidate1 = [[Roberto Sánchez (politician)|Roberto Sánchez]] | party1 = Together for Peru | running_mate1 = [[Analí Márquez]]<br />Brígida Curo | popular_vote1 = 8,914,029 | percentage1 = 50.057% | image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = 260406-MITIN-KEIKO-PIURA-064 (cropped).jpg |bSize = 200 |cWidth = 115 |cHeight = 150|oTop = 5|oLeft = 44}} | candidate2 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] | party2 = Popular Force | running_mate2 = [[Luis Galarreta]]<br />[[Miki Torres]] | popular_vote2 = 8,893,751 | percentage2 = 49.943% | title = President | before_election = [[José María Balcázar]] | before_party = [[Independent politician|Independent]] | after_election = | after_party = | map_image = File:Mapa Distrital Elecciones Perú2026.svg | map_size = | map_caption = | module = {{Infobox legislative election | embed = yes | election_date = 12–13 April 2026 | election_name = Chamber of Deputies | seats_for_election = All 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies | majority_seats = 66 | leader1 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] | party1 = [[Popular Force|FP]] | percentage1 = | last_election1 = 24 | seats1 = 39 | leader2 = [[Roberto Sánchez Palomino|Roberto Sánchez]] | party2 = Together for Peru | percentage2 = | last_election2 = 5 | seats2 = 31 | leader3 = [[Jorge Nieto]] | party3 = Party of Good Government | percentage3 = | last_election3 = New | seats3 = 18 | leader4 = [[Rafael López Aliaga]] | party4 = Popular Renewal | percentage4 = | last_election4 = 13 | seats4 = 16 | leader5 = [[Ricardo Belmont]] | party5 = Civic Party OBRAS | percentage5 = | last_election5 = New | seats5 = 15 | leader6 = [[Alfonso López-Chau]] | party6 = [[Now Nation|AN]] | percentage6 = | last_election6 = New | seats6 = 11 | map = | map_caption = | module = {{Infobox legislative election | embed = yes | election_date = 12–13 April 2026 | election_name = Senate | seats_for_election = All 60 seats in the Senate | majority_seats = 31 | leader1 = [[Keiko Fujimori]] | party1 = [[Popular Force|FP]] | percentage1 = | last_election1 = New | seats1 = 22 | leader2 = [[Roberto Sánchez Palomino|Roberto Sánchez]] | party2 = Together for Peru | percentage2 = | last_election2 = New | seats2 = 14 | leader3 = [[Rafael López Aliaga]] | party3 = Popular Renewal | percentage3 = | last_election3 = New | seats3 = 8 | leader4 = [[Jorge Nieto]] | party4 = Party of Good Government | percentage4 = | last_election4 = New | seats4 = 7 | leader5 = [[Ricardo Belmont]] | party5 = Civic Party OBRAS | percentage5 = | last_election5 = New | seats5 = 5 | leader6 = [[Alfonso López-Chau]] | party6 = [[Now Nation|AN]] | percentage6 = | last_election6 = New | seats6 = 4 | map = | map_caption = }}}} }} }} [[General elections]] were held in [[Peru]] on 12 April 2026 with a [[run-off election|run-off]] set for 7 June 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2025 |title=Deeply unpopular Peruvian president calls for general elections in April 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/peru-elections-declared-2026-president-boluarte-dabea7cd70b6288542317b080b99c8aa |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=Peru Congress opens door to early elections amid unrest |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-peru-pedro-castillo-3728208344ba972f850f0de29e5b5802 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alva |first=Diego |title=Congreso aprueba reconsideración y vuelve al debate adelanto de elecciones para 2023 |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/congreso/2023/01/30/congreso-aprueba-reconsideracion-vuelve-al-debate-adelanto-de-elecciones-2023-25081 |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=[[La República (Peru)|La Republica]] |date=30 January 2023 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alva |first=Diego |title= Dina Boluarte: "El tema de adelanto de elecciones está cerrado, trabajaremos hasta julio de 2026"|url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/gobierno/2023/06/15/dina-boluarte-el-tema-de-adelanto-de-elecciones-esta-cerrado-trabajaremos-hasta-julio-de-2026-411465|access-date=2023-06-17 |website=[[La República (Peru)|La Republica]] |date=17 June 2023 |language=es}}</ref> The presidential elections will elect the [[President of Peru|president]] and the [[Vice President of Peru|vice presidents]], while the congressional elections will elect members of the [[Congress of the Republic of Peru|Congress of Peru]], which will return to being a bicameral legislature with a 60-seat Senate and 130-seat Chamber of Deputies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aquino |first=Marco |date=December 24, 2025 |title=In Peru, record 34 candidates are presidential hopefuls amid political distrust |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-record-34-candidates-are-presidential-hopefuls-amid-political-distrust-2025-12-24/}}</ref> The last president, [[José Jerí]], was removed from office in February 2026 by Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://andina.pe/agencia/video-congreso-aprueba-censura-contra-jose-jeri-66125.aspx|title=Congreso aprueba censura contra José Jerí|access-date=2026-02-17|date=2026-02-17|publisher=Andina|lang=es}}</ref> In the first round, [[right-wing]] politician [[Keiko Fujimori]] of [[Popular Force]] and daughter of former president [[Alberto Fujimori]], placed first. [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]] candidate [[Roberto Sánchez (politician)|Roberto Sánchez]] placed second, narrowly over far-right businessman [[Rafael López Aliaga]].<ref>{{cite web |website=Yahoo News |title=Peru's Sanchez to face Fujimori in runoff as rival signals protests over fraud |url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/peru-sanchez-face-fujimori-runoff-223434282.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEnefgOEckUtMWFCvs2I0pLTi1JbysmAO4Q3ZspTsrWktG20BRU8heN_H5pQHpNaC0eaKrSIuLpMXWuER5wqLObP1FWDJu4Owodp1-cAhp3b5uvcCiKBkA6QrmdWelG07qltNzFJqKVpEHymF5tsilnTTKBed1TnkSEmRoOVggvm |date=13 April 2026 |access-date=15 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Freixes |first=Josep |date=15 April 2026 |title=Left Advances to Peru's Presidential Runoff, Set to Face Keiko Fujimori |url=https://colombiaone.com/2026/04/15/peru-left-presidential-runoff-keiko-fujimori/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |work=ColombiaOne.com}}</ref> Because of delays in many polling stations, election authorities extended voting by one day for voters unable to cast their ballots.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Lucinda |last2=Aquino |first2=Marco |website=Reuters |title=Peru election marred by delays as conservatives lead early count |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peruvians-vote-crowded-presidential-race-runoff-looms-2026-04-12/ |date=13 April 2026 |access-date=13 April 2026}}</ref> Following Sánchez's rise in votes later in the voting process, López Aliaga reportedly began a [[disinformation campaign]] against electoral authorities, accusing the process of fraud.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Aguirre |first=Doris |date=19 April 2026 |title=El ‘plan Morrocoy’ de López Aliaga para anular las elecciones |url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2026/04/19/el-plan-morrocoy-de-lopez-aliaga-para-anular-las-elecciones-onpe-rafael-lopez-aliaga-renovacion-popular-hnews-824040 |access-date=20 April 2026 |website=[[La República]] |language=es}}</ref> ==Opinion poll== ;{{small|Legend:}} {{legend|#FFEAEA|Poll performed during the blackout of polling information.|borde=#AAAAAA}} {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:16px;" ! rowspan="3" |<small>Pollster / Client</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Sample size</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Margin of error</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Date</small> ! style="width:50px;" | [[File:260406-MITIN-KEIKO-PIURA-064 (cropped 2).jpg|50x50px|link=Keiko Fujimori]] ! style="width:50px;" | [[File:Roberto Sánchez Palomino 2022 (retouched).jpg|50x50px]] ! rowspan="3" |<small>Blank/None</small> ! rowspan="3" |<small>Undecided</small> ! rowspan="3" style="width:30px;" |<small>Lead</small> |- ! {{Small|[[Keiko Fujimori|Fujimori]]}}<br><small>[[Popular Force|FP]]</small> ! {{Small|[[Roberto Sánchez (politician)|Sánchez]]}}<br><small>[[Together for Peru|JP]]</small> |- ! style="background:#FF8000" | ! style="background:#00FF00" | |- style="background-color:#FFEAEA; height:38px;" | Datum Internacional/América TV<ref>{{Cite news |title=Encuesta Datum 3/4 junio. |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1Cepo5tDbe/ |work=Radar de Noticias}}</ref> | 1,201 | – | 3–4 June 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38.8''' | 37.0 | 14.2 | 10.0 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|1.8}} |- style="background-color:#FFEAEA;" | Ipsos Perú/Perú21<ref name=ipsos-4jun>{{Cite web |url=https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/s%C3%A1nchez-fujimori-empate-t%C3%A9cnico-d%C3%ADas-003215575.html |title=Sánchez y Fujimori en empate técnico a días del balotaje presidencial de Perú |access-date= 5 June 2026 |date=4 June 2026 |website=yahoo.com |language=es }}</ref> | 1,231 | – | 3 June 2026 | 43.2 | style="background:#5EEF72"|'''43.8''' | 13 | — | style="background:{{Party color|Together for Peru}}" | {{color|black|0.6}} |- | Ipsos Perú/Perú21<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú 21 |title=Será una victoria ajustada ipsos alfredo torres |url=https://peru21.pe/opinion/sera-una-victoria-ajustada-ipsos-alfredo-torres/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=peru21.pe |language=es}}</ref> | 1,204 |– | 29–30 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38''' | 35 | 12 | 15 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3}} |- | Datum Internacional/El Comercio<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-31 |title=Encuesta Datum: El 57% considera que el debate será decisivo para definir su voto |url=https://elcomercio.pe/politica/encuesta-datum-internacional-el-57-considera-que-el-debate-sera-decisivo-para-definir-su-voto-simulacro-de-votacion-intencion-de-voto-keiko-fujimori-roberto-sanchez-fuerza-popular-juntos-por-el-peru-tlcnota-noticia/?ref=ecr#google_vignette |access-date=2026-05-31 |work=El Comercio |language=es-PE |issn=1605-3052}}</ref> | 1,501 |– | 26–30 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''39.8''' | 35.9 | 13.8 | 10.5 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3.9}} |- | CIT<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redactor_SDC |date=2026-05-31 |title=Keiko Fujimori amplía su ventaja y saca casi 8 puntos a Roberto Sánchez: candidata presidencial de Fuerza Popular sube 7.7% |url=https://www.expreso.com.pe/en-portada/keiko-fujimori-amplia-su-ventaja-y-saca-casi-8-puntos-a-roberto-sanchez-candidata-presidencial-de-fuerza-popular-sube-7-7-juntos-por-el-peru-noticia/1290944/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Diario Expreso |language=es}}</ref> | 1,220 |2.8 | 27–29 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''41.1''' | 33.4 | 13.2 | 12.3 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|7.7}} |- |CPI<ref>{{cite news|last = Corrales Valqui|first = Marilyn|title = Última encuesta CPI: 13,4% de peruanos indecisos y el 22,6% votaría blanco o viciado en la segunda vuelta entre Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez|url = https://www.infobae.com/peru/2026/05/29/ultima-encuesta-cpi-134-de-peruanos-indecisos-y-el-226-votaria-blanco-o-viciado-en-la-segunda-vuelta-entre-keiko-fujimori-y-roberto-sanchez/|website = infobae.com|date = 29 May 2026|access-date = 30 May 2026}}</ref> |1,200 |2.8 |26–28 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''32.5''' |29.1 |22.6 |13.4 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3.4}} |- | CB Global Data<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edmundo |date=2026-06-01 |title=Empate técnico marca la recta final hacia el balotaje presidencial en Perú |url=https://elmundo.cr/mundo/empate-tecnico-marca-la-recta-final-hacia-el-balotaje-presidencial-en-peru/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=El Mundo CR |language=es-CR}}</ref> | 1,595 |2.5 | 25–30 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38.6''' | 36.5 | 15.1 | 9.8 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|2.1}} |- | Imasolu<ref>{{Cite web |title=Encuesta Presidencial Segunda Vuelta Mayo 2026: intención de voto entre Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez |url=https://imasolu.com/portfolio/encuesta-presidencial-segunda-vuelta-mayo-2026-intencion-de-voto-entre-keiko-fujimori-y-roberto-sanchez/ |access-date=2026-06-02 |website=Imasolu |language=es-PE}}</ref> |1,200 |2.8 | 23–26 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''39.58''' | 33.08 | 14.25 | 13.08 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|6.5}} |- |IEP/La República<ref>{{cite web|last = Saavedra|first = Narda|title = Encuesta IEP entre Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez: indecisos se duplican y llegan a 26%, blanco y nulo cae al 6%|url = https://larepublica.pe/politica/2026/05/28/encuesta-iep-indecisos-se-duplican-y-llegan-a-26-blanco-y-nulo-cae-al-6-roberto-sanchez-keiko-fujimori-hnews-1026872|website = larepublica.pe|date = 28 May 2026|access-date = 29 May 2026|language = es}}</ref> |1,204 |2.8 |22–26 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''36''' |30 |6 |26 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|6}} |- |Datum Internacional/América TV<ref>{{cite news|title = Encuesta de Datum le da 39.5% de intención de voto a Keiko Fujimori y 36.1% a Roberto Sánchez en segunda vuelta|url = https://elcomercio.pe/politica/elecciones/encuesta-de-datum-le-da-395-de-intencion-de-voto-a-keiko-fujimori-y-361-a-roberto-sanchez-en-segunda-vuelta-ultimas-noticia/|website = elcomercio.pe|date = 22 May 2026|access-date = 22 May 2026|language = es}}</ref> |1,200 |2.8 |17–20 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''39.5''' |36.1 |15.9 |8.5 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|3.4}} |- |Ipsos Peru/Péru 21<ref name=ipsos-20may>{{cite news|url=https://peru21.pe/politica/encuesta-ipsos-keiko-supera-con-39-sanchez-35-en-intencion-de-voto/ |title=Encuesta Ipsos: Keiko supera con 39% a Sánchez, que tiene 35% en intención de voto |date=20 May 2026 |website=peru21.pe |access-date=21 May 2026 |language=es}}</ref> |1,210 |2.8 |16–17 May 2026 |style="background:#FF9966"|'''39''' |35 |14 |12 | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" | {{color|white|4}} |- |CIT/Expreso<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.expreso.com.pe/politica/segunda-vuelta-ajustada-keiko-fujimori-supera-por-4-puntos-a-roberto-sanchez-segun-encuesta-cit-fuerza-popular-juntos-por-el-peru-noticia/1288498/ |title=¡Segunda vuelta ajustada! Keiko Fujimori supera por 4 puntos a Roberto Sánchez, según encuesta CIT |date=21 May 2026 |publisher=expreso.com.pe |lang=es}}</ref> | 1,220 |2.8 | 14–17 May 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''40.5''' | 36 |23.5 |— | style="background:{{Party color|Popular Force}}" |{{color|white|4.5}} |- |IEP/La República<ref>{{cite web|url=https://larepublica.pe/politica/2026/04/29/keiko-fujimori-es-fuerte-en-lima-pero-roberto-sanchez-gana-en-provincias-hnews-1115296 |title=Encuesta IEP: Keiko Fujimori es fuerte en Lima, pero Roberto Sánchez gana en provincias|date=29 April 2026 |website=larepublica.pe }}</ref> | 1,197 |2.8 | 21–25 April 2026 | 31 | style="background:#5EEF72"|'''32''' |24 |13 | style="background:{{Party color|Together for Peru}}" | {{color|black|1}} |- |Ipsos Perú/Perú21<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peru21.pe/politica/encuesta-ipsos-peru21-asi-va-la-intencion-de-voto-para-la-segunda-vuelta/ |title=Encuesta Ipsos-Perú21: Así va la intención de voto para la segunda vuelta |date=26 April 2026 |website=peru21.pe }}</ref> | 1,208 |2.8 | 23–24 April 2026 | style="background:#FF9966"|'''38''' | style="background:#5EEF72"|'''38''' |17 |7 | data-sort-value="0" |Tie |- |} ==References== {{reflist}} {{politics-stub}} [[Category:April 2026 events]] [[Category:June 2026 events]] nui0khoxmrriz9duq33rvcyglzv68zp 0 1262609 10882882 10814315 2026-06-10T03:18:49Z ~2026-34223-75 1819446 10882882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Great Lanzo and the Wondering of Great Britain''''' is a work of [[musical theatre]], [[opera]], and [[Play (theatre)|play]] first produced in [[Boston]]. The book is by George Handers. The music, selected and arranged by John Mckinley, consists mostly of adaptations, but it included some songs composed for the piece, notably "The Sponge Song" sung to the tune of "[[If You’re Happy and You Know It]]". The story is about the [[French Revolution]], [[American Revolution]], [[War of 1812]], and the [[Battle of Waterloo]]. It opened on March 12, 1951 at the 19,000-seat Boston Opera House in [[Massachusetts]]. == Synopsis == The musical is set in [[1770s]]-[[1810s]] [[England]]. It incorporates elements such as [[The Black Crook]], [[Show Boat]], [[Of Thee I Sing]], [[Oklahoma!]] , [[My Fair Lady]], [[The Fantasticks]], [[Hair (musical)|Hair]], [[A Chorus Line]], [[Les Misérables (musical)|Les Misérables]], [[The Phantom of the Opera (musical)|The Phantom of the Opera]], [[Rent (musical)|Rent]], [[Wicked (musical)|Wicked]], [[Hamilton (musical)|Hamilton]], [[Goethe's Faust|Faust]], [[Der Freischütz]], [[Orpheus in the Underworld]], [[Die Walküre]], [[Der Ring des Nibelungen]], [[Das Rheingold]], [[Siegfried (opera)|Siegfried]], [[Götterdämmerung]], [[The Magic Flute]], [[Peer Gynt]], [[1776 (musical)|1776]], [[The Beggar's Opera]], and [[Volga-Volga]]. It features animals in the play such as [[zoo]], [[farm]], [[sea]], [[insects]], [[birds]], and [[pets]]. == Song == The opera features of the song "The Sponge Song" based on [[SpongeBob SquarePants Theme Song]]. This version begins: A long time ago there was a sponge<br> Live in a pineapple under the sea (with more versions)<br> [[Category:1951]] [[Category:Boston]] 0tizywp1zn90klesx9zgm203yeso7ck 4 1263606 10882913 10881439 2026-06-10T04:04:52Z BarrasBot 411705 Bot: Archiving 2 threads from [[Wikipedia:Simple talk]] 10882913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> :Thanks for the heads-up. I just checked all six Simple.wiki pages on the list you linked, and none of them have the sequence "P18" in their source code. I'm not a template expert, but we might be in the clear. [[User:Darkfrog24|Darkfrog24]] ([[User talk:Darkfrog24|talk]]) 01:47, 4 April 2026 (UTC) == Article simplification: Three State Solution == Hi, @[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]], could anyone please simplify the page [[Three-state solution]] further down. I think it kinda looks a bit complex and I don't want to do it. Thanks, [[User:Jesus347|Jesus347]] ([[User talk:Jesus347|talk]]) 17:22, 6 April 2026 (UTC) == RefToolbar == Hi everyone! Lately, in the wikitext editor, the RefToolbar gadget hasn't been working when you press the buttons. Is anyone having the same issue? <span style="background:#f9e6f9;padding:0 2px;font-style:italic; font-family:Segoe UI;"> [[User:Asteralee|<span style="color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]] </span> 01:27, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :Linkback: [[Wikipedia:RefToolbar]] <span style="background:#f9e6f9;border-radius:7px;padding:0 2px;font-style:italic; font-family:Georgia, serif;"> [[User:Asteralee|<span style="color:#A76BCF">⯎ Aster</span>]][[User talk:Asteralee|<span style="color:#9400A5">alee ⯎</span>]] </span> 18:40, 13 April 2026 (UTC) == move a page == how does one move a page on simple english wikipedia? --[[User:ThurnerRupert|ThurnerRupert]] ([[User talk:ThurnerRupert|talk]]) 19:55, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :Go to any article, look for the tools drop-down on the right, click move under actions, and fill out the form. [[User:ExplorerofSpace|ExplorerofSpace]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofSpace|talk]]) 12:14, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::Sorry, but these instructions wouldn't help me. What is "tools" drop-down? On my screen, I can't see any-thing on the right (top, middle, bottom?) that says "tools." [[User:Kdammers|Kdammers]] ([[User talk:Kdammers|talk]]) 19:21, 9 April 2026 (UTC) :It's just like on other wikis. The reason you won't see that as an option right now is that you're not autoconfirmed on our wiki yet. You need to have at least 10 edits here first. Right now you have three. If there is a page you'd like us to consider moving before you reach that status, you can request it here or at our [[WP:AN|administrators' noticeboard]]. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:20, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::{{re||ThurnerRupert}} It is always better to ask someone more experienced to move a page or else it may lead to a "page moving" war!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 15:36, 8 April 2026 (UTC) :::Not necessarily. If you are unsure if a page should be moved, you should start a move discussion on the talk page, then add a topic here to see if anyone has any thoughts on it. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 22:26, 16 April 2026 (UTC) == Disallowing AI from article space == English Wikipedia have fairly recently introduced [[:w:en:WP:NOLLM]] that entirely prohibits the use of LLM to generate/rewrite article content with two exceptions. Given the simpler nature of this Wikipedia and the general failure of AI to write in a simple manner or really understand what Simple/Basic English is, I see no benefit in either of those exceptions on this Wikipedia. Under [[WP:AI|our current guideline]], AI-generated content must adhere to the rules so long as people are careful, but I take the opinion we should just disallow it entirely to prevent newer editors misunderstanding. Thoughts? --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 15:55, 8 April 2026 (UTC) :If an editor uses AI and then simplifies the English, I don't think it should be disallowed. I used a paraphrasing tool to create [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Baangla/Sandbox1 this] draft and then simplified it. I think you should go through it (my draft) at least once and let me know how it can be improved.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 18:59, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::I'm afraid this is a textbook case of what I am talking about, this is nowhere close to Simple English. Using AI as a base is also particularly dangerous due to its hallucinations. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 19:45, 8 April 2026 (UTC) :I'm 100% in agreement with this proposal. If an editor uses AI as a starting point, then rewrites it in simple english and gets rid of the obnoxious layout and formatting AI insists on to the point that a reviewer can't tell, hey - that's great! Unfortunately most of the AI junk that hits New Pages is just a straight copy-pasta from the LLM response. And then too often that creator expects other editors to do the cleanup work. No. Enough of that - see Baangla's example above for how much time from other editors can get sunk into trying to fix a poor start. Ban AI generated content from simple Wikipedia. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:10, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::{{Agree}} If a user uses AI, but rewrites it, I think it is ok. If new users make a mistake, please let them know the policy. If they are not a spam account, they will likely fix it. [[User:ExplorerofUniverse|ExplorerofUniverse]] ([[User talk:ExplorerofUniverse|talk]]) 21:54, 8 April 2026 (UTC) :I'm not sure that I see what would change in a practical sense. We already use A7 to delete AI generated articles, and other uses of AI are often very hard to prove with any certainty. As I understand it, they tend to get lumped into the pile of well intentioned but non-constructive changes. A possible downside is the lobbing of accusations about the use of an LLM without any meaningful way to back them up. I am not opposed to an outright ban, but I don't think it will solve anything that isn't covered by the existing policy. Another route might be clarifying the existing policy with, for example, a statement that misusing an LLM can result in a block. This might help some newcomers understand what they are dealing with. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 04:45, 9 April 2026 (UTC) ::Someone please explain "LLM".-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 05:13, 9 April 2026 (UTC) :::LLM stands for "Large Language Model." It is a term used for certain types of AI that make text, some of the most common are ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 05:15, 9 April 2026 (UTC) ::::Okay, thanks.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 07:39, 9 April 2026 (UTC) :::::in non technical terms: you have a phrase, with a word or a part missing: Most of the LLMs in use today wil complete the sentence with the most likely word or phrase. Of course that does not have to be the correct one, it is just the most likely. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 07:13, 10 April 2026 (UTC) ::That is part of why I have always been skeptical about AI "bans" and quickly deleting articles as AI because there is no objective way of saying immediately this is definitely/definitely not AI unless it has a prompt in or ChatGPT as the utm_source in references or something. That being said, our current advice at [[WP:AI]] is essentially, go ahead so long as you follow the guidelines. But new users don't really know the guidelines (they may even just refer to AI for them), so that is not the message I think we should be sending, and that is the main reason why I am proposing this. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 20:20, 9 April 2026 (UTC) :::This was probably the reason for the three editor requirement to delete A7 (nominator, endorser, and deleting admin). A new guideline should probably keep a similar requirement to mitigate possible false accusations (probably leave A7 as is). I'm not opposed to an outright ban, but it comes down to the specifics of its wording and implementation for me. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 20:45, 9 April 2026 (UTC) :The concern raised is pretty fair, but I don’t think an outright ban is the most effective solution. It wouldn’t realistically stop new users from using LLMs? Given this, a full ban risks leading to subjective accusations without a clear way to verify them. In practice (under A7 and other quality criterion) we already remove copy-pasted LLM. In my view, [[WP:AI]] should instead be tightened and clarified. It could explicitly state that AI-generated content is not acceptable unless it is fully rewritten into Simple English, properly sourced and indistinguishable from a normal good-faith contribution. Repeated misuse could then be treated as disruptive editing. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 09:26, 10 April 2026 (UTC) ::As you mention, if there is no clear way to verify the AI use, then it almost certainly isn't an issue, but unfortunately, there are already a couple of examples, one of them above in this very discussion and one of them [[User talk:Jon Gua#c-Jon_Gua-20260318095400-Ferien-20260318093600|here]] of the damage already being realised after it has been done, where there is some sort of misunderstanding that AI is not the issue here and the not following other guidelines is. In reality, these basic violations, like using Simple English that is literally the backbone of this wiki, are actually caused by AI, because if the user had written them independently, these issues would be less likely to occur. (The pages at hand are, in my opinion, clearly not Simple English at even a first glance.) This change is not going to stop new users from using LLMs, of course it's not - I don't think any change could at this point! - but our current guideline is essentially a free pass to use it and have the same consequences as posting any other wrong/complex content of your own, when the consequences can actually be much worse and harder to spot. Instead of tightening it to have conditions, we should just say don't use it, and then any experienced user aware of how to use it and who sees a benefit of using it to the point it meets content policies/guidelines can then use [[WP:IAR]]. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 21:53, 10 April 2026 (UTC) :::I see the point (especially looking at the examples) and agree that the text produced is incompatible (not simple at all) with what this wiki requires, even before other guidelines are considered. I still have some reservations about enforceability tho, like we already remove the problem content anyway, but I agree that our current wording at [[WP:AI]] is too permissive. At the very least, I think the guideline should be strengthened to remove any impression that AI use is generally acceptable. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 14:56, 11 April 2026 (UTC) ::::I request not to enforce an immediate ban. The "new" editor should be warned first.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 16:22, 12 April 2026 (UTC) :::::This is not being mentioned. Think of it as the equivalent to banning vandalism or test edits. A new editor will not be "banned" (or even blocked) for making a test edit to an article. The same thing would happen with AI-generated pages, so that instead the content would be immediately reverted or deleted (which is already the case most of the time in practice, and A7 as well). --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:59, 16 April 2026 (UTC) : In my opinion ai would work for simplifying en.wiki to simple.wiki. Those edits should be secluded to a group of users who form a sort of self check. I think ai could really shine here if we have the right people who know the ways around an LLM (could even self host it on wikimedia servers!) give the edits the tags of ai simpified then add a template saying this article needs reviewed tl:dr [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 14:14, 13 April 2026 (UTC) ::I have been simplifying en.wiki pages and creating new pages at simple, so I also support you on this.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:55, 13 April 2026 (UTC) ::Appealing idea, but it seems overly complex for this wiki. Setting up groups, tags, and review systems would require ongoing maintenance, and I’m not sure we have the capacity for that. More importantly, AI output usually {{tq|''still needs heavy rewriting to meet Simple English standards''}}, so the benefit seems limited. I’d prefer keeping expectations simple; content should meet guidelines regardless of how it’s produced, rather than creating a separate process for AI. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 15:01, 13 April 2026 (UTC) :::I’m leaning more towards disallowing/heavily restricting AI use, and relying on [[WP:IAR]] for experienced editors, which is practically how things already work. – <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 15:06, 13 April 2026 (UTC) ::: Ai can learn. My system would be like a patrol (i get the capacity issues) if you can take a text push it through an ai and it can compare the enwiki version. I think a all encompassing ban doesn’t benefit simple wiki [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 17:50, 13 April 2026 (UTC) ::::{{re|Cyberwolf}} I second your thoughts.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 18:58, 13 April 2026 (UTC) ::We don't have enough editors, we'd be playing a catch-up game with AI-generated articles likely containing hallucinations which is simply not worth the risk to Wikipedia's reputation. Also based on my own experience asking AI to create Simple Wikipedia articles out of curiosity, it is not effective. If it was used to creating many, perhaps it would be better, but this would save little to no time with the amount of review necessary and the amount of time (and energy consumption, though this is a separate and more political issue) it would take to build such a system in the first place. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:58, 16 April 2026 (UTC) == Needs stubbify, or QD, or nominate for Delete == Stubbify or "nominate", [[Pygmalion effect]]? i bring nothing more to the table, re: the two last-mentioned options.--If you say that QD/nonsense is the way to go, then i can help with that. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-22001-29|&#126;2026-22001-29]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-22001-29|talk]]) 14:49, 16 April 2026 (UTC) :I don't see anything on first read that would qualify the article for deletion. There are some grammar errors, and I've tagged it for having no sources. Otherwise, the topic is notable and belongs on Wikipedia. If you don't like how the article looks now, I would encourage you to try to make it better. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 20:10, 16 April 2026 (UTC) == Help with draft == In [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Baangla/Sandbox1 this] draft, I have added many sub-headings but I think some of you can delete some of them and then move the draft to main space after perusal. Thanks!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 19:30, 7 April 2026 (UTC) :Your article about the same topic was deleted a few months ago: [[WP:Requests for deletion/Requests/2025/Minority appeasement in India]]. How does the new draft address the concerns from the RFD? [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|talk]]) 19:34, 7 April 2026 (UTC) ::{{re|Ternera}} I have deleted all the sentences that did not mention the term "appease" or "appeasement", so it should be fine now. However, I have added some extra subheadings for explanation which I want an experienced editor to remove, read the whole article/page and move it to main space. Thanks for your time!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 09:25, 8 April 2026 (UTC) :This draft is way too complex, way too broad, and not appropriate for an encyclopedic project. Again, there were copyright violations as you too closely translated sentence by sentence of the Scroll source. You were told on your talk page that too much time is being sunk into this draft. I'm reiterating again: put this draft aside and focus on other things on Wikipedia. It is not going to become an article that benefits this project. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:10, 8 April 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]]: Do you have anything positive to say about Baangla's draft, or just negative stuff? [[User:Contributor 118,784|<b style="color:#070">Contributor</b><sup style="color:#707">118,784</sup>]] [[User talk:Contributor 118,784|<span style="color:#00F">''Let's talk''</span>]] 15:39, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :::At this time, no. As I said, time and energy is better spent elsewhere. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 21:28, 17 April 2026 (UTC) == My birthday == It's with great pleasure that I announce to everyone here that MY EIGHTEENTH BIRTHDAY IS TODAY!!! [[User:Contributor 118,784|<b style="color:#070">Contributor</b><sup style="color:#707">118,784</sup>]] [[User talk:Contributor 118,784|<span style="color:#00F">''Let's talk''</span>]] [[User:Contributor 118,784|<b style="color:#070">Contributor</b><sup style="color:#707">118,784</sup>]] [[User talk:Contributor 118,784|<span style="color:#00F">''Let's talk''</span>]] 15:40, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Happy Birthday! [[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Immanuelle|changes)]] 16:25, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Happy birthday!! [[User:DovahFRD|🤘🤘 DFRD]] ([[User talk:DovahFRD|talk]]) 16:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC) :Happy Birthday!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 17:46, 17 April 2026 (UTC) == What do you think about not using Archive.today any more? == [[Archive.today]] is a website that saves web pages on the internet to an [[archive]], so we can use it as a [[:wikt:reference#Verb|reference]]. On 20 February 2026, the [[English Wikipedia]] decided to stop using Archive.today as a reference, because they found out that it is not safe any more. They made the decision at a talk page called "{{w|Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Archive.is RFC 5}}", which as a lot of [[evidence]] to support their choice. The English Wikipedia decided to stop using Archive.today as a reference, because they found out that: # Archive.today added website code to make visitors' computers perform a [[Denial-of-Service attack]] against a website belonging to a person that they do not agree with. This is against the law in countries like the United Kingdom ([https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/?view=article&id=243 source]). # Archive.today changed the archived pages to [[harassment|harass]] the same person. This makes it hard for us to trust that the archived pages were the same as the original. The "[[:meta:archive.today incident|archive.today incident]]" page on the [[Meta-Wiki]] says that other wikis are taking similar actions as the English Wikipedia. I wish to ask the Simple English Wikipedia: # How should we handle Archive.today links that we already added to the wiki? # How should we handle people who add new Archive.today links to the wiki? My question does not affect [[Archive.org]]. That belongs to a different owner called the [[Internet Archive]], and it is safe to use. I think I tried my best to make the question as easy to understand as possible. Best wishes, --[[User:Minoa|Minoa]] ([[User talk:Minoa|talk]]) 13:02, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :After reading the RFC, I agree with its conclusion, that “ Wikipedia should not direct its readers towards a website that hijacks users' computers to run a DDoS attack.” We should take the same approach, blacklist Archive.today as spam and replace the existing links with Archive.org links. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 14:42, 19 April 2026 (UTC) :100% in agreement with this. Arthive.today has shown a willingness to hijack links for their own purposes and cannot be trusted any longer. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:25, 19 April 2026 (UTC) == can we make this Wikipedia version bigger? == I really like this Wikipedia version, but I also wish it was more like English Wikipedia - like with the project pages, adding more gadgets, and making longer articles. the first thing I’d like to begin with is adding [[:en:wp:dark mode|dark mode]]. I like using Vector legacy, and my goodness, it’s worse, imo. [[User:Tonkarooson|Tonkarooson]] ([[User talk:Tonkarooson|talk]]) 01:46, 20 April 2026 (UTC) :Like you, I started out at enwiki. Simplewiki's lack of certain features of enwiki bothered me at first, but I started to like it after being around here a little while. The size of simple English has to do with the number of people willing to put the time in to make it better. Everything is put together by editors like you and I, and there's not enough of us around to have tons of meaningful wikiprojects, portals, and such. The articles in simplewiki are supposed to be simple, and in a lot of ways this applies to the structure here also. We don't even have a lot of the rules the enwiki does, but we get along just fine. Also, dark mode exists in the "Appearance" tab of your user settings. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 04:23, 20 April 2026 (UTC) ::for dark mode, it’s not with [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&useskin=vector og vector]. [[User:Tonkarooson|Tonkarooson]] ([[User talk:Tonkarooson|talk]]) 23:57, 21 April 2026 (UTC) == Help with new page == I copied the text of the lead of an English Wikipedia article and created a new page about [[Guru Gobind Singh]] but some citation errors have appeared and the IPA at the top does not get linked to the IPA page. Please help me with both. I am sure I can do it myself the next time.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 20:58, 21 April 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:Baangla|Baangla]], for the notes, you didn't copy the notelist template that the en wiki page used. You really need to simplify the language though when you pull in articles from other Wikipedias. Even in the lead. I don't think you made any changes to the text. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:49, 22 April 2026 (UTC) ::I made some minimal changes but I believe the language is simple already.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:28, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::{{u|BZPN}} has tweaked it more!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 14:31, 22 April 2026 (UTC) ::::Ran the text through the online tool I've pointed you towards before and there were areas flagged. I've made more simplification changes. I'm done here, unfollowing this and the article. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:27, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::::Okay, thanks!-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 15:37, 22 April 2026 (UTC) ::::::Please point to that online tool again, so that I can see what gets flagged in future.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 15:44, 22 April 2026 (UTC) == Edit filters == I’ve seen repeated behaviors which could be stopped with the edit filter. Lta Username patterns, lta page titles is there anyone who can implement stuff here? I’m willing to learn [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 13:55, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :In principle, admins can edit the [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter]]. The link I provided explains more about how the extension works if you're looking to learn. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (koavf)]]❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯ 14:11, 22 April 2026 (UTC) ::I just want to blacklist titles like 777bet, non English titles titles containing promotional things like that [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 14:12, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::1xbet i meant [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 14:13, 22 April 2026 (UTC) ::::Request it on [[MediaWiki:Titleblacklist]] [[MediaWiki talk:Titleblacklist|talk page]]. AF is not necessary here. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 14:17, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::::Done [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 14:33, 22 April 2026 (UTC) :::I just know @[[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] most admins delete the same page type everyday [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 14:17, 22 April 2026 (UTC) == Deleting local files == We have about [[:Category:Wikipedia audio files|three dozen]] audio files here, which are recordings of articles. Typically, these are about 15 years old. They are all uploaded at Commons as well. Per [[Wikipedia:Deletion_policy#Files]], these duplicates can be kept here, but it is not needed and per {{tl|NowCommons}}, admins can delete them. I am proposing that we change the policy and practice to delete these local files, as Commons routinely hosts audio used in specific wikis and there is no need for a local copy. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (koavf)]]❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯ 15:08, 23 April 2026 (UTC) :The last of these files was uploaded over 10 years ago. I’m not sure that changing policy is necessary. I would be supportive of a sysop deleting the duplicates as a practice, however. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 15:42, 23 April 2026 (UTC) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == [[Chinese herbology]] == Given that this article has been in that state since 2009, and the discussion page will likely die in a few days, I'm raising the issue here. The [[Chinese herbology]] article is full of [[WP:OR]], has no sources, and is generally written in advanced English, thus being inconsistent with [[WP:VER]], [[WP:MOS]], and [[WP:COMPLEX]], among others. In that case, I propose shortening it to a well-sourced stub, which I have [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_herbology&oldid=10835163 already done]. User Catcus DeMeowwy, on the other hand, suggests leaving it as is and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_herbology&diff=10835147&oldid=10070688 adding further information] and sources. According to some, this has turned into an edit war requiring discussion, so the matter ends up here. So, what do you think? Best regards, [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 22:44, 26 April 2026 (UTC) :Probably better to trim it down and then expand from there. @[[User:Catcus DeMeowwy|Catcus DeMeowwy]], would you be willing to take BZPN's version and expand upon it with additional information? You can always readd the information from the previous version, if it can be sourced. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 06:03, 27 April 2026 (UTC) == [[User:BZPN/When 3RR protects the problem|Essay]] == Hello! I recently wrote an [[User:BZPN/When 3RR protects the problem|essay]] ([[:en:WP:USERESSAY|WP:USERESSAY]]) about how, in my personal opinion, 3RR can be applied. However, some people have argued that my essay is "AI-generated" or that it was written just to justify my own actions that are against the rules, instead of simply expressing how I perceive certain policies. Therefore, in order to ensure that my essay is simply useful and compliant with the rules, I would very much welcome suggestions for improvements and feedback from the community if anyone is willing to share them. So, I invite you to join the discussion :). Thank you. [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:45, 27 April 2026 (UTC) :I find it to be extremely [[WP:POINT]]y, especially as the examples you're using are from this specific edit conflict. You're not talking about 3RR in general; you're, as Ferien said, using this essay to defend your position in this particular instance. I'll withhold my judgment on the AI-generation aspect, but, Ferien is one of the best on this project at sniffing out LLM writing so if he's sensing that it is, I would trust that opinion. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:52, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you for sharing your opinion. Do you have any possible solutions I could use? Change the examples? Or describe my position more in general, without specific examples? [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 13:55, 27 April 2026 (UTC) ::Okay, I've gone through the essay again and removed the rightly noticed POINTs, and I've also made some small visual changes. Do you have any other suggestions I could use? [[User:BZPN|<strong><span style="color:black; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">BZPN</span></strong>]] ([[User talk:BZPN|<span style="color:black; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', serif;">talk</span>]]) 14:42, 27 April 2026 (UTC) == Invitation to adapt the Article guidance outlines == Dear Wikipedians! We are pleased to announce that the [[mw:Article_guidance|Article Guidance]] outlines are now ready for your adaptation and integration into Simple English Wikipedia. Adapting these outlines will help ensure that new and less experienced editors get support tailored to the unique standards and practices of this community when [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] goes live. Here is how to adapt an outline: * Choose an outline from the [[mw:Article_guidance#Outlines_to_prioritize_adapting|prioritized list]] to adapt (for example: [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Project:ArticleGuidance/Musician Project:ArticleGuidance/Person]). * Create a new page in the Wikipedia namespace using this format: Wikipedia:Article Guidance/[outline name]. For example, use Wikipedia:Article Guidance/Person for the [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Project:ArticleGuidance/Person Project:ArticleGuidance/Person] outline. * Open the 'Edit source' mode to access the outline content you want to adapt. * Copy the content from the source editor and paste it into your new page, ensuring that all tags remain unchanged from the original. * Edit the pasted content to match Simple English Wikipedia’s standards, policies, and templates. Do not remove or modify any tags or the text within the angle brackets (e.g., <instructions>... </instructions>), as these are required for the feature to function properly. For more details on markup elements, see the '[[mw:Article_guidance/Test_feature_guide|Quick guide to markups used in outlines]]'. * Publish the page when you have finished adapting the outline. Please note that pages may appear odd after publishing until the extension is deployed. You can continue adapting additional outlines in this link: https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance Our goal is to enable the feature on Simple English Wikipedia in May. We would appreciate it if editors can adapt all prioritized outlines and more by 15th May, 2026. If you have any questions, please share them on this [[mw:talk:Article_guidance|talk page]] Thank you for your dedication to this project! [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 23:38, 29 April 2026 (UTC) == GA bump == Hello community, There are two untouched GA [[WP:PGA|proposals]] that have sat for some time (including one of my own). They may be worth having a look at, if some folks have time. Thanks, [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:49, 1 May 2026 (UTC) == No longer NPOV == The page about [[2025 India–Pakistan conflict]] no longer adheres to the NPOV policy. One user who was editing that page, abusing multiple accounts has been blocked but another is still inserting sentences that are not as per the NPOV policy. Please see the original English Wikipedia article about the same at [[w:2025 India–Pakistan conflict]] to understand what I mean.-[[User:Baangla|Baangla]] ([[User talk:Baangla|talk]]) 16:39, 1 May 2026 (UTC) == I found a rare example of a page existing only on simple English Wikipedia == [[Brown v. Board of Education II]] is a rare example of a page only existing on simple English Wikipedia without a corresponding English translation do you think this might be notable enough for its own English Wikipedia page [[User:Amapenguin|Amapenguin]] ([[User talk:Amapenguin|talk]]) 07:00, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :You can find the entire list of articles that aren’t connected to one at another wiki at [[Special:WithoutInterwiki]]. :as for this one: the English Wikipedia does information on it as a subsection of the main [[Brown v. Board of Education]] article which seems like a valid choice. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 09:19, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::don't worry I already created it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Brown_v._Board_of_Education_II I am just looking for reliable sources [[User:Amapenguin|Amapenguin]] ([[User talk:Amapenguin|talk]]) 09:22, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :::I wasn’t worried. I just think you may be wasting your time as, like I said, the information is already at the English Wikipedia at a valid location. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 09:28, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::::Oh wait I forgot to tell you I need some attribution for the article [[User:Amapenguin|Amapenguin]] ([[User talk:Amapenguin|talk]]) 09:46, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :These pages are actually pretty common. A lot of people make the simple version first and then the regular version after. [[User:Immanuelle|Immanuelle]] ❤️💚💙 [[User_talk:Immanuelle|(talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Immanuelle|changes)]] 22:29, 14 May 2026 (UTC) == Is there a "wanted pages" article? == <nowiki>I ask this because Simple English Wiktionary has a wanted pages article, so does this mean that Simple English Wikipedia has one, too? </nowiki> [[User:Angrythewikipedian|Angrythewikipedian]] ([[User talk:Angrythewikipedian|talk]]) 18:05, 17 May 2026 (UTC) :Check out [[Special:WantedPages]]. It lists articles that do not exist based on how many articles have links to them. If you want something else to work on, you can also simplify the articles listed at [[Meta:Translation of the week]]. Many of them do not exist here. Thanks for contributing here! [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 18:58, 17 May 2026 (UTC) ::Seconded. That's one reason why we don't encourage editors to remove red links from articles. [[User:Darkfrog24|Darkfrog24]] ([[User talk:Darkfrog24|talk]]) 15:46, 20 May 2026 (UTC) == Open request for checkuser == Hello all, For those who may not have seen it yet, there is an open request for [[WP:CHECKUSER|checkusership]] that needs more community feedback. If you have an opinion about the request, please leave a message [[Wikipedia:Requests_for_permissions#Barras|here]]. Thanks, [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 23:46, 19 May 2026 (UTC) == May 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 15px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|75px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities during the last weekend of May. Both sessions will focus on the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]. Participants may attend either or both sessions. #'''Saturday, 30 May 2026 at 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780153200 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''Sunday, 31 May 2026 at 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780203600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Café participants are highly encouraged to read in advance [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Sohom_Datta/annual_plan_guide at least this summary of the plan]. Optionally, Café participants are encouraged to read portions of the plan that interest them and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 ask questions or provide feedback on the Annual Plan talk page]. Please see the Café page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#May_2026_meetings_with_a_focus_on_Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 tables of timestamp conversions for both sessions], [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session,_and_is_extendible_for_an_additional_30_minutes_if_needed. the agenda], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">↠Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 19:52, 21 May 2026 (UTC) ==[[Vaginal yeast infection]]== I would like to discuss the process of having [[Vaginal yeast infection]] promoted to a good article. Is this the right place for this discussion? [[User:Barbara (WVS)|Barbara]] ([[User talk:Barbara (WVS)|talk]]) 00:12, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :Have a look at the [[WP:GAC]] and if you think the article meets them, list it at [[WP:PGA]]. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 00:42, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you. [[User:Barbara (WVS)|Barbara]] ([[User talk:Barbara (WVS)|talk]]) 00:49, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :::I know that's not in the criteria, but readability-wise, two of the sections look a little short to me. Probably that's just me, but I would expect them to be about twice the size they are now (and also: more than one paragraph? [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:57, 24 May 2026 (UTC) ::::Excellent advice. I can certainly work on the article more. When it contains more complete information (longer), I can then follow the right 'procedure' at [[WP:PGA]]. I appreciate you taking a quick look at the article. [[User:Barbara (WVS)|Barbara]] ([[User talk:Barbara (WVS)|talk]]) 23:16, 24 May 2026 (UTC) :::::It likely is a candidate, but as I pointed out, more work is likely needed. I also added some number as to how common the condition is; I'd expect such numbers (even uf they are rough etimates) to be in the article. As you see, there alwyas are things you can fix. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 23:57, 24 May 2026 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Vote now in the 2026 U4C election == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Ongoing project-wide solidarity issue == I haven't been as active here lately as I would like, but I just wanted to make sure this community is aware of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Workers_United#Solidarity the WWU solidarity campaign] ongoing at Meta-Wiki. There's also [[:en:Wikipedia:Wiki Workers United solidarity|an enwiki petition]] threatening an editing strike. This is an important issue to a lot of editors and WMF employees, so I figured I'd spread the word. Thanks, [[User:QuicoleJR|QuicoleJR]] ([[User talk:QuicoleJR|talk]]) 21:42, 28 May 2026 (UTC) == Template edit request == Hello, could I ask someone to please look at [[Template:Wikidata_image]], I left an edit request there. The template code is outdated as some empty functions were removed. The amended code and more information can be seen on [[Template_talk:Wikidata_image|Talk page]]. Thanks, -- [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 09:33, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:44, 29 May 2026 (UTC) == "Simplifying" Articles == Quick question: When creating an article, is it okay to copy from the English Wikipedia and then edit it so it is in Simple English? Thanks in advance. [[User:CubeMaster77777|CubeMaster77777]] ([[User talk:CubeMaster77777|talk]]) 15:59, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes it is [[User:Cyberwolf|Cyberwolf]] ([[User talk:Cyberwolf|talk]]) 16:09, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Yes, but 1.) please make sure to add some kind of attribution and 2.) please actually simplify it. Re: the former, you can add attribution by putting it in the edit summary with something like "copying from [URI]" or posting to the talk page. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 16:18, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :it depends on how you do it. Please follow the instructions at [[WP:CW]]. '''''[[User:Fr33kman|<span style="color: darkgreen">fr33k</span>]][[User talk:Fr33kman|<span style="color: navy">man</span>]]''''' 16:48, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :A example on how to properly attribute your en wiki translation to a simple english article's talk page is [[Talk:Billy Zane]]. Use the attribution template, link the en wiki article and the version number (which can be found on the URL of the latest page revision on the article's history on enwiki). Hope this helps! :) [[User:TDKR Chicago 101|TDKR Chicago 101]] ([[User talk:TDKR Chicago 101|talk]]) 21:16, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ::Hello, I would say, an example workfolow could be: ::*Create the article here, andcopy over the lede from enwp; If you don't use the translation tool, add some mention on the talk page, to say that tis article is based on the EnWP version ::*Without much delay, go over the section, and simplify; for example split sentences into shorter ones; If you have references that occur multpile time, re-use them ::*Look that the eork generally follows our style guide ::*If it isn't already there, add an interwii link to enwp. ::*Fix categories, see if you find a good image to illustrate ::Once this has been done, you can do that with the next section, if you like. Also note: More controversial subjects need more thought, to give a balanced view. [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 12:29, 30 May 2026 (UTC) p2ihgh1bnprtx2qo3zl3d5pdz4s7yc6 0 1265481 10882279 10847609 2026-06-09T12:16:47Z Greenock125 652309 /* Singles */ 10882279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Mikolas Josef | image = Mikolas Josef 2020.jpg | caption = Josef in 2020 | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter}} | alias = | years_active = 2013–present | birth_name = Mikoláš Josef | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1995|10|4}} | birth_place = [[Prague]], Czech Republic | death_date = | website = {{URL|https://www.mikolas.com/}} }} '''Mikolas Josef''' (born 4 October 1995), also known as '''Mikolas''' (stylised in [[Capitalization|all caps]]), is a [[Czechia|Czech]] singer, songwriter and former model. He represented the {{ill|Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018|en|lt=Czech Republic}} in the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2018]] with the song "{{ill|Lie to Me (Mikolas Josef song)|en|lt=Lie to Me}}" and finished in sixth place. This was the highest score for the Czech Republic in Eurovision history. ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Title ! scope="col" style="width:18em;"| Details |- ! scope="row"| ''One'' | * Released: 22 March 2024 * Label: Vivienne Records * Formats: Digital download, CD |- ! scope="row"| ''‎II'' | * Released: 24 October 2025 * Label: Vivienne Records * Formats: Digital download, CD |} ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="9"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Certifications ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Czechia|CZE]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifpicr.cz/hitparada/2/mikolas-josef/43998|title=CZ – Radio – Top 100 Mikolas Josef|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|ČNS IFPI]]|language=cs}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Czechia|CZE (Dig.)]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ifpicr.cz/hitparada/30/mikolas-josef/43998|title=CZ – Singles Digital – Top 100 Mikolas Josef|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|ČNS IFPI]]|language=cs}}<br/>{{cite web|url=https://ifpicr.cz/hitparada/30/mikolas-josef-mark-neve/46895|title=CZ – Singles Digital – Top 100 Mikolas Josef & Mark Neve|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|ČNS IFPI]]|language=cs}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mikolas+Josef|title=Discographie Mikolas Josef|publisher=Hung Medien|website=austriancharts.at}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|FRA]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mikolas+Josef|title=Discographie Mikolas Josef|publisher=Hung Medien|website=lescharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artist_search=Mikolas&do_search=do|title=Discographie von Mikolas|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment Charts|GfK]]|website=offiziellecharts.de}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Spain|SPA]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spanishcharts.com/search.asp?search=Mikolas+Josef&cat=s|title=Discography Mikolas Josef|publisher=Hung Medien|website=spanishcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mikolas+Josef|title=Discography Mikolas Josef|publisher=Hung Medien|website=swedishcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|UK<br/>Down.]]<br/><ref name="UK">{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/53559/mikolas-josef/|title=MIKOLAS JOSEF songs and albums {{!}} full Official Chart history|publisher=[[Official Charts]]|website=officialcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Official Charts|UK<br/>Indie.]]<br/><ref name="UK"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Hands Bloody" | 2015 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="9" {{Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row"| "Free" | rowspan="2"| 2016 | 15 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Believe (Hey Hey)" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Lie to Me (Mikolas Josef song)|en|lt=Lie to Me}}" | 2017 | 52 || 2 || 9 || 122 || 29 || 39 || 21 || 53 || 47 | |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Me Gusta (Mikolas Josef song)|en|lt=Me Gusta}}" | 2018 | 7 || 10 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Abu Dhabi (Mikolas Josef song)|en|lt=Abu Dhabi}}" | rowspan="3"| 2019 | — || 22 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Acapella (Mikolas Josef song)|en|lt=Acapella}}"<br/><span style="font-size:85%">(featuring {{ill|Fito Blanko|en}} and [[Frankie J]])</span> | 1 || 20 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | * {{ill|Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry|en|lt=ZPAV}}: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bestsellery.zpav.pl/wyroznienia/zloteplyty/cd/archiwum.php?year=2021#title|title=Albums and singles certified Gold in 2021|language=Polish|publisher={{ill|Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry|en}}|access-date=2026-04-28|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230326184044/http://bestsellery.zpav.pl/wyroznienia/zloteplyty/cd/archiwum.php?year=2021#title|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Colorado (Mikolas Josef song)|en|lt=Colorado}}" | 46 || 64 || — || — || — ||| — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Lalalalalalalalalala|en}}" | 2020 | 18 || 29 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Boys Don't Cry" | rowspan="3"| 2023 | 98 || 55 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="3"| ''One'' |- ! scope="row"| "Delilah"<br/><span style="font-size:85%">(with Mark Neve)</span> | — || 10 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Never Get Over You" | 78 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Diamonds" | 2024 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="3"| ''‎II'' |- ! scope="row"| "Samba" | rowspan="3"| 2025 | — || 45 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Ferrari"{{efn|"Ferrari" features on the deluxe edition of ''‎II''.}} | 100 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Icon" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="2" {{Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row"| "Hard To Be Humble"<br/><span style="font-size:85%">(with Tribbs)</span> | 2026 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- | colspan="20" style="font-size:85%;" | "—" denotes a single that did not chart or was not released. |} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:1995 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Czech songwriters]] [[Category:Musicians from Prague]] [[Category:RCA Records artists]] [[Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants]] in7k3nqw15bx9xr48lcn0h21aj9mrnu 0 1267506 10882751 10879184 2026-06-09T23:56:15Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Auto EVO''' is an [[automobile]] company of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] active since 2020. It has made several rebadged Chinese car models, mainly from the [[BAIC Group]] and [[JAC Motors]].<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=EVO|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/evo/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}}</ref> === Models === * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> [[File:EVO 3.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 3[[File:Evo 4 1.5.jpg|thumb|EVO 4 pre-restyling ]]]] [[File:Evo 4 facelift.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 4 restyling ]] [[File:Evo 5.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 5 firts generation ]] [[File:Evo 5 front.jpg|center|thumb|150x150px|EVO 5 second generation ]] [[File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 6 Firts generation ]] [[File:Evo 6 2024 1.5 Turbo.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 6 second generation ]] [[File:EVO 7.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 7]] [[File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 8]] [[File:EVO Cross 4.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO Cross 4 ]] [[File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO Spazio ]] </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category-inline|EVO (brand)}} ezo1pfkqe4u2xg8wga6bd43nimj41o2 10882752 10882751 2026-06-09T23:56:34Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Models */ 10882752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Auto EVO''' is an [[automobile]] company of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] active since 2020. It has made several rebadged Chinese car models, mainly from the [[BAIC Group]] and [[JAC Motors]].<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=EVO|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/evo/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Models == * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> [[File:EVO 3.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 3[[File:Evo 4 1.5.jpg|thumb|EVO 4 pre-restyling ]]]] [[File:Evo 4 facelift.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 4 restyling ]] [[File:Evo 5.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 5 firts generation ]] [[File:Evo 5 front.jpg|center|thumb|150x150px|EVO 5 second generation ]] [[File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 6 Firts generation ]] [[File:Evo 6 2024 1.5 Turbo.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 6 second generation ]] [[File:EVO 7.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 7]] [[File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO 8]] [[File:EVO Cross 4.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO Cross 4 ]] [[File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|thumb|150x150px|EVO Spazio ]] </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category-inline|EVO (brand)}} k7svnlw23i80dfkcoa0r7pyz9z7v9ir 10882753 10882752 2026-06-09T23:58:11Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Models */ 10882753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Auto EVO''' is an [[automobile]] company of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] active since 2020. It has made several rebadged Chinese car models, mainly from the [[BAIC Group]] and [[JAC Motors]].<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=EVO|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/evo/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Models == * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category-inline|EVO (brand)}} 0um868q5goa60o65o8sbjkoagymoai6 10882765 10882753 2026-06-10T00:13:45Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Auto EVO''' is an [[automobile]] company of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] active since 2020. It has made several rebadged Chinese car models, mainly from the [[BAIC Group]] and [[JAC Motors]].<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=EVO|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/evo/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Models == * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category-inline|EVO (brand)}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] 1dafuz84khiu3vev6rcvdhjrarq0eec 10883069 10882765 2026-06-10T10:50:26Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 [[EVO Cuatro]] 10883069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Auto EVO''' is an [[automobile]] company of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] active since 2020. It has made several rebadged Chinese car models, mainly from the [[BAIC Group]] and [[JAC Motors]].<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=EVO|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/evo/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Models == * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * [[EVO Cuatro]] (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category-inline|EVO (brand)}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] s03tqatpy90plmm4rkllz1kn6p67t8x 0 1267508 10882500 10881713 2026-06-09T17:54:24Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* DR5/Evo5 */ 10882500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Coat of arms]]DR Automobiles Groupe is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded from Massimo di Risioin in the 2006, based in [[Molise]]. It imports derived cars, Chinese models and they mount petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. == DR5/Evo5 == [[File:2010 Dr 5 Crossover 1.6.jpg|thumb|DR5]] [[File:Evo 5.jpg|thumb|Evo5]] The [[DR5]]/Evo5 is the first car built by DR, it was a low-cost [[SUV]], launched in 2007 and produced until 2020, it was a rebadged [[Chery Tiggo]]. it was available in five trims: 1.6 Style, 1.6 Cross, Evo5 1.6 Cross, Evo5 1.6 Elegance, and Evo5 1.6 Monte Carlo. {| class="wikitable" !Engine ! ! |- !1.6 !126 CV/93 kW !175 km/h |- !0-100 12,5 !1315 KG ! |} It was available in gasoline, [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]], and methane, all with the same engines. There were 3 optional features available: {| class="wikitable" !Optional !Price |- !Navigator |800 (Not for Evo5) |- !Leather interiors |1.000 (Standard in the Monte Carlo) |- !18' wheels |1.000 (Evo5) |} == Gallery == [[File:Dr1c.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|DR 1]] [[File:DR 1.0 front.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 1.0]] [[File:2010 Dr 2 1.3 16V.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 2]] [[File:DR Motor DR3 2.0 16V 2010 3.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 3 ([[2006]])]] [[File:DR 3 Genf 2019 1Y7A5045.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 3 (pre-restyling) ]] [[File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 3.0 (restyling) ]] [[File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 4]] [[File:2010 Dr 5 Crossover 1.6.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 5]] [[File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 5.0 (pre-restyling) ]] [[File:Dr 5.0 MIMO 2022.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|DR 5.0 (restyling) ]] [[File:DR 4.0 front.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 4.0]] [[File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 6]] [[File:2024 DR 6.0.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 6.0]] [[File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 7.0 (pre-restyling) [[File:DR 7.0 Collection 1.jpg|thumb|DR 7.0 (restyling) ]]]] [[File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|DR CityCross]] [[File:DR F35 1.5 Turbo in Avellino.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR F35]] [[File:2024 DR PK8.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR PK8]] [[File:DR Zero 1.0 bifuel 1.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR Zero]] == Models == {| class="wikitable" !Models no longer in production |- ![[DR5]], DR1, DR2, DR3, DR City Cross/City Van, DR Zero, [[EVO5|DR EVO5]], DR3, DR4, DR 3.0, DR 4.0 |} {| class="wikitable" !Models in production |- !DR 6.0, [[DR 5.0]], DR 3, DR 7.0, DR 1.0, DR PK8 |} ==References== *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} *[1] {{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}} *[2] {{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=DR|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/dr/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}} *[3] {{Cite web|title=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/money/storie-principali/mi-sono-finto-cliente-per-comprare-una-dr-con-20-000-euro-ecco-com-%C3%A8-andata/ar-AA21YBK0?ocid=BingNewsVerp|access-date=2026-05-12|website=www.msn.com}} qywrwgj72l234m38sg2qh2el3s6nkgh 10882734 10882500 2026-06-09T23:35:00Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Products */ 10882734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Coat of arms]]DR Automobiles Groupe is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded from Massimo di Risioin in the 2006, based in [[Molise]]. It imports derived cars, Chinese models and they mount petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]]) * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) == Gallery == [[File:Dr1c.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|DR 1]] [[File:DR 1.0 front.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 1.0]] [[File:2010 Dr 2 1.3 16V.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 2]] [[File:DR Motor DR3 2.0 16V 2010 3.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 3 ([[2006]])]] [[File:DR 3 Genf 2019 1Y7A5045.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 3 (pre-restyling) ]] [[File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 3.0 (restyling) ]] [[File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 4]] [[File:2010 Dr 5 Crossover 1.6.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 5]] [[File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 5.0 (pre-restyling) ]] [[File:Dr 5.0 MIMO 2022.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|DR 5.0 (restyling) ]] [[File:DR 4.0 front.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 4.0]] [[File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 6]] [[File:2024 DR 6.0.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 6.0]] [[File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR 7.0 (pre-restyling) [[File:DR 7.0 Collection 1.jpg|thumb|DR 7.0 (restyling) ]]]] [[File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|left|thumb|150x150px|DR CityCross]] [[File:DR F35 1.5 Turbo in Avellino.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR F35]] [[File:2024 DR PK8.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR PK8]] [[File:DR Zero 1.0 bifuel 1.jpg|thumb|150x150px|DR Zero]] == Models == {| class="wikitable" !Models no longer in production |- ![[DR5]], DR1, DR2, DR3, DR City Cross/City Van, DR Zero, [[EVO5|DR EVO5]], DR3, DR4, DR 3.0, DR 4.0 |} {| class="wikitable" !Models in production |- !DR 6.0, [[DR 5.0]], DR 3, DR 7.0, DR 1.0, DR PK8 |} ==References== *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} *[1] {{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}} *[2] {{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=DR|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/dr/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}} *[3] {{Cite web|title=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/money/storie-principali/mi-sono-finto-cliente-per-comprare-una-dr-con-20-000-euro-ecco-com-%C3%A8-andata/ar-AA21YBK0?ocid=BingNewsVerp|access-date=2026-05-12|website=www.msn.com}} ll3q8vznivaigldcgh8qas65mmirb4y 10882735 10882734 2026-06-09T23:35:19Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Coat of arms]]DR Automobiles Groupe is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded from Massimo di Risioin in the 2006, based in [[Molise]]. It imports derived cars, Chinese models and they mount petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]]) * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) == Models == {| class="wikitable" !Models no longer in production |- ![[DR5]], DR1, DR2, DR3, DR City Cross/City Van, DR Zero, [[EVO5|DR EVO5]], DR3, DR4, DR 3.0, DR 4.0 |} {| class="wikitable" !Models in production |- !DR 6.0, [[DR 5.0]], DR 3, DR 7.0, DR 1.0, DR PK8 |} ==References== *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} *[1] {{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}} *[2] {{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=DR|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/dr/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}} *[3] {{Cite web|title=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/money/storie-principali/mi-sono-finto-cliente-per-comprare-una-dr-con-20-000-euro-ecco-com-%C3%A8-andata/ar-AA21YBK0?ocid=BingNewsVerp|access-date=2026-05-12|website=www.msn.com}} 6i3cuscy98bt0xicdlv9jt7a4g7ptwm 10882736 10882735 2026-06-09T23:35:35Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Coat of arms]]DR Automobiles Groupe is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded from Massimo di Risioin in the 2006, based in [[Molise]]. It imports derived cars, Chinese models and they mount petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]]) * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} *[1] {{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}} *[2] {{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=DR|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/dr/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}} *[3] {{Cite web|title=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/money/storie-principali/mi-sono-finto-cliente-per-comprare-una-dr-con-20-000-euro-ecco-com-%C3%A8-andata/ar-AA21YBK0?ocid=BingNewsVerp|access-date=2026-05-12|website=www.msn.com}} tidm8em5feaidgivnug7d0ohmn9134r 10882737 10882736 2026-06-09T23:38:41Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in from Massimo di Risio 2006, it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]]) * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} *[1] {{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}} *[2] {{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=DR|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/dr/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}} *[3] {{Cite web|title=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/money/storie-principali/mi-sono-finto-cliente-per-comprare-una-dr-con-20-000-euro-ecco-com-%C3%A8-andata/ar-AA21YBK0?ocid=BingNewsVerp|access-date=2026-05-12|website=www.msn.com}} 27ivc1i6nzidg8cqcm8fehnw1wmh9iu 10882741 10882737 2026-06-09T23:43:48Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Current models */ 10882741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in from Massimo di Risio 2006, it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} *[1] {{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}} *[2] {{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=DR|url=https://www.virgilio.it/motori/listino/dr/|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Virgilio Motori|language=it-IT}} *[3] {{Cite web|title=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/money/storie-principali/mi-sono-finto-cliente-per-comprare-una-dr-con-20-000-euro-ecco-com-%C3%A8-andata/ar-AA21YBK0?ocid=BingNewsVerp|access-date=2026-05-12|website=www.msn.com}} hnl31ckmnso5gom94z3z8nkqe8zot4b 10882742 10882741 2026-06-09T23:44:54Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* References */ 10882742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in from Massimo di Risio 2006, it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has created many brands, such as [[Auto EVO]], [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]], [[ICH-X]], [[Sportequipe]], [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]]. ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} 4qoy9bcs3mloe6ysyhu8bt8f25uw3md 10882746 10882742 2026-06-09T23:51:13Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* */ 10882746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inline|date=May 2026}}[[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in 1985 by Massimo di Risio, the DR brand was launched in 2006<ref name="Tribunale">[http://www.odcec.pescara.it/files/Fondazione/Dispense/Dispense_2015/MancinelliDirittoFallimentare/10.%20XXXRelazione%20ex%20art.%20172.pdf Tribunale di Isernia] (PDF; {{in lang |it}}, retrieved 6 June 2020</ref> it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has 8 brands named:[[Auto EVO]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grassi |first=Massimo |date=2023-10-23 |title=Dove vengono prodotte le auto DR? |trans-title=Where are DR cars produced? |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Motor1 Italia}}</ref> [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ragoni |first=Emiliano |date=2024-04-16 |title=Debutta in Italia il marchio Tiger |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/debutta-in-italia-marchio-tiger-394137 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[ICH-X]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gori |first=Gianmarco |date=2022-06-17 |title=Sportequipe e ICKX, ecco a chi si rivolgono i due nuovi marchi DR |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Motor1 Italia |language=it}}</ref>[[Sportequipe]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murgida |first=Rosario |date=2022-09-19 |title=O.S.C.A. - Il proprietario della DR rilancerà lo storico marchio bolognese |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/industria-finanza/2022/09/19/o_s_c_a_massimo_di_risio_rileva_i_diritti_del_marchio_bolognese.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Quattroruote.it |language=it}}</ref> ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} bheqn7dtiaczhtl9n2vw5ewh9uddzp3 10882754 10882746 2026-06-09T23:58:38Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* */ 10882754 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in 1985 by Massimo di Risio, the DR brand was launched in 2006<ref name="Tribunale">[http://www.odcec.pescara.it/files/Fondazione/Dispense/Dispense_2015/MancinelliDirittoFallimentare/10.%20XXXRelazione%20ex%20art.%20172.pdf Tribunale di Isernia] (PDF; {{in lang |it}}, retrieved 6 June 2020</ref> it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has 8 brands named:[[Auto EVO]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grassi |first=Massimo |date=2023-10-23 |title=Dove vengono prodotte le auto DR? |trans-title=Where are DR cars produced? |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Motor1 Italia}}</ref> [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ragoni |first=Emiliano |date=2024-04-16 |title=Debutta in Italia il marchio Tiger |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/debutta-in-italia-marchio-tiger-394137 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[ICH-X]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gori |first=Gianmarco |date=2022-06-17 |title=Sportequipe e ICKX, ecco a chi si rivolgono i due nuovi marchi DR |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Motor1 Italia |language=it}}</ref>[[Sportequipe]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murgida |first=Rosario |date=2022-09-19 |title=O.S.C.A. - Il proprietario della DR rilancerà lo storico marchio bolognese |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/industria-finanza/2022/09/19/o_s_c_a_massimo_di_risio_rileva_i_diritti_del_marchio_bolognese.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Quattroruote.it |language=it}}</ref> ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} 6g663w2i6hcr3a5dy0lzt6sw4zd9yf0 10882762 10882754 2026-06-10T00:13:05Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an Italian [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in 1985 by Massimo di Risio, the DR brand was launched in 2006<ref name="Tribunale">[http://www.odcec.pescara.it/files/Fondazione/Dispense/Dispense_2015/MancinelliDirittoFallimentare/10.%20XXXRelazione%20ex%20art.%20172.pdf Tribunale di Isernia] (PDF; {{in lang |it}}, retrieved 6 June 2020</ref> it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has 8 brands named:[[Auto EVO]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grassi |first=Massimo |date=2023-10-23 |title=Dove vengono prodotte le auto DR? |trans-title=Where are DR cars produced? |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Motor1 Italia}}</ref> [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ragoni |first=Emiliano |date=2024-04-16 |title=Debutta in Italia il marchio Tiger |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/debutta-in-italia-marchio-tiger-394137 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[ICH-X]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gori |first=Gianmarco |date=2022-06-17 |title=Sportequipe e ICKX, ecco a chi si rivolgono i due nuovi marchi DR |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Motor1 Italia |language=it}}</ref>[[Sportequipe]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murgida |first=Rosario |date=2022-09-19 |title=O.S.C.A. - Il proprietario della DR rilancerà lo storico marchio bolognese |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/industria-finanza/2022/09/19/o_s_c_a_massimo_di_risio_rileva_i_diritti_del_marchio_bolognese.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Quattroruote.it |language=it}}</ref> ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] q6m20mgmxycudieqsh04ohfgadhjdxl 10882764 10882762 2026-06-10T00:13:29Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* */ 10882764 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DR Automobiles logo 2020.png|thumb|Company Logo]] '''DR Automobiles Groupe''' is an [[Italian]] [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in 1985 by Massimo di Risio, the DR brand was launched in 2006<ref name="Tribunale">[http://www.odcec.pescara.it/files/Fondazione/Dispense/Dispense_2015/MancinelliDirittoFallimentare/10.%20XXXRelazione%20ex%20art.%20172.pdf Tribunale di Isernia] (PDF; {{in lang |it}}, retrieved 6 June 2020</ref> it is based in [[Molise]]. It imports and rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, many with petrol or [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines. It has 8 brands named:[[Auto EVO]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grassi |first=Massimo |date=2023-10-23 |title=Dove vengono prodotte le auto DR? |trans-title=Where are DR cars produced? |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/692692/dr-produzione-auto-dove-cina/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Motor1 Italia}}</ref> [[Tiger (car)|Tiger]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ragoni |first=Emiliano |date=2024-04-16 |title=Debutta in Italia il marchio Tiger |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/debutta-in-italia-marchio-tiger-394137 |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[ICH-X]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gori |first=Gianmarco |date=2022-06-17 |title=Sportequipe e ICKX, ecco a chi si rivolgono i due nuovi marchi DR |url=https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Motor1 Italia |language=it}}</ref>[[Sportequipe]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> [[Birba]], [[Itala 35|Itala]], [[Stilnovo]] and [[OSCA MT6|OSCA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murgida |first=Rosario |date=2022-09-19 |title=O.S.C.A. - Il proprietario della DR rilancerà lo storico marchio bolognese |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/industria-finanza/2022/09/19/o_s_c_a_massimo_di_risio_rileva_i_diritti_del_marchio_bolognese.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Quattroruote.it |language=it}}</ref> ==Products== === Current models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * DR 3 / 3.0 (2016–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5.0 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x#DR 4.0/5.0|Chery Tiggo 5x]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * DR 6.0 (2022–present, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#DR 6.0|Chery Tiggo 7]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR 7.0 (2023–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ferro|first=Chiara|date=2026-05-09|title=DR 2026: tutti i modelli, prezzi e quale scegliere (3, 5, 6.0, 7.0)|url=https://www.ilgiornaledigitale.it/dr-tutti-modelli-prezzi-gamma-completa-italia-82371.html|access-date=2026-05-12|website=Il Giornale Digitale|language=it-IT}}</ref> * DR PK8 (2023–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR 1.0 IAA 2023 1X7A0283.jpg|DR 1.0 File:2024 DR 3.0 front.jpg|DR 3.0 File:2022 DR 5.0.jpg|DR 5.0 File:DR 6.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 6.0 File:DR 7.0 1.5 Turbo.jpg|DR 7.0 File:DR PK8.jpg|DR PK8 </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 3 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S2#EVO3|JAC Refine S2]]) * EVO 4 (2020–present, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * EVO Cuatro (2025–present, Spanish model based on the [[Kaiyi Showjet]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-27 |title=EVO CUATRO - Automóviles EVO |url=https://auto-evo.es/modello/evo-cuatro/ |access-date=2025-10-13 |language=it-IT}}</ref> * EVO 5 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3]] between 2020 and 2022, and later the second-generation [[Beijing X3]] since 2023) * EVO 6 (2020–present, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]] between 2020 and 2021, and later the second-generation [[Forthing T5 EVO]] since 2024) * EVO 7 (2023–present, based on the [[Sehol X8]]) * EVO 7 Kairos (2025–present, based on the [[JAC QX]]) * EVO 8 (2024–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) * EVO Cross 4 (2022–present, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) * EVO Spazio (2024–present, based on the [[Forthing Yacht]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:EVO 3.jpg|EVO 3 File:EVO 4 2024.jpg|EVO 4 File:EVO 5 2024.jpg|EVO 5 (Second-generation) File:EVO 6 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 6 (Second-generation) File:EVO 7.jpg|EVO 7 File:EVO 8 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO 8 File:Evo Cross 4 2024.jpg|EVO Cross 4 File:EVO Spazio Salone di Torino 1.jpg|EVO Spazio </gallery> ==== ICH-X ==== Formerly known as ICKX between 2022 and 2024. * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 3.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> ==== Tiger ==== * Tiger Six (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing Mofang]]) * Tiger Seven (2024–present, based on the [[Sehol QX]]) * Tiger Eight (2024–present, based on the [[Beijing X7]]) * Tiger Nine (2025–present, based on the [[Forthing Xinghai V9]]) ==== Birba ==== * Birba (2025–present, based on the [[Chery QQ Ice Cream]]), which is their first heavy quadricycle. <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR Birba.jpg|Birba </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 35C (2025–present, based on the [[Karry X6]]) * Katay 24C (2025–present, based on the [[Foton Gratour V3|Foton Xiangling Q]]) * Katay 16 (2025–present, based on the Linxys G050p) ==== Stilnovo ==== * Stilnovo 5 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS35 Plus]]) * Stilnovo 6 (2026–present, based on the [[Changan CS55 Plus]]) ==== [[Itala (company)|Itala]] ==== * Itala 35 (2026 protoype, based on the [[GAC Emzoom]]) ==== [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] ==== * OSCA MT6 (2026 prototype, based on the [[Changan UNI-T]]) === Former models === ==== DR ==== * DR 1 (2009–2014, based on the [[Riich M1]]) * DR 2 (2010–2014, based on the [[Chery A1]]) * DR 4 (2016–2020, based on the [[JAC Refine S3]]) * DR 5 (2007–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * DR 6 (2016–2020, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) * DR 4.0 (2022–2024, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]], continuation of the pre-facelift DR 5.0) * DR CityCross / CityVan (2013–2016, based on the [[Riich X1]]) * DR F35 (2020–2023, based on the first-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7#First generation (2016)|Chery Tiggo 7]]) * DR Zero (2015–2019, based on the second-generation [[Chery QQ3#Second generation (2013)|Chery QQ3]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:DR1 in Avellino front.JPG|DR 1 File:DR 2 1.3 bifuel.jpg|DR 2 File:DR 4 Genf 2019 1Y7A5048.jpg|DR 4 File:DR Automobiles DR Evo 5 2018.jpg|DR 5 File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|DR 6 File:DR 4.0 1.5 GPL.jpg|DR 4.0 File:2023 DR F35.jpg|DR F35 File:DR CityCross 1.3 bifuel 2015.jpg|DR CityCross / CityVan File:DR Zero.jpg|DR Zero </gallery> ==== EVO ==== * EVO 5 first generation (2020–2023, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 3#Italy|Chery Tiggo 3]]) * EVO 6 first generation (2021, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Evo 5 GPL.jpg|EVO 5 (First-generation) File:DR 6 Genf 2019 1Y7A5049.jpg|EVO 6 (First-generation) </gallery> ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> ==== Katay ==== * Katay 17 (2025–2026, based on the Reach T10) ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{Commons category-inline|DR Automobiles Groupe}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] qqxe474unsz1gjir9gbiaob2kr65vvj 0 1267926 10882992 10877973 2026-06-10T08:07:29Z Diuco 1819513 10882992 wikitext text/x-wiki The Dacia Spring is an economical small car produced since 2021 by [[Automobile Dacia|Dacia]]. == Series == [[File:Dacia Spring IAA 2021 1X7A0215.jpg|thumb|First series]] [[File:2024 Dacia Spring GIMS 2024 1X7A2022.jpg|thumb|Second series]] The Dacia Spring (known in some markets as the ''Renault Kwid E-TECH Electric'') is a low-cost city car available (for now) in a trim called Extreme, the first series is one of the cheapest city cars,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dacia Spring, come va l'elettrica da 9.500 euro|language=it|work=Motor1.com|url=https://it.motor1.com/reviews/494230/dacia-spring-elettrica-2021-prova-foto-incentivi/|access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> while in 2027 a third series should come out, with muscular sides and should share the mechanics with the [[Renault Twingo E-Tech]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nel 2027 la Dacia Spring gemella della Twingo|url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/dacia-spring-2027-spy-rendering-413647|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.alvolante.it|language=it-IT}}</ref> Moreover, on the second series,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mazzu|first=Roberto "Maz"|date=2026-05-04|title=Leapmotor T03 vs Dacia Spring, qual è la migliore? Il confronto fra le due elettriche|url=https://auto.everyeye.it/notizie/leapmotor-t03-vs-dacia-spring-qual-migliore-confronto-due-elettriche-875685.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Everyeye Auto|language=it}}</ref> you can find dated details, such as, for example, the manual closing. == Cargo == [[File:2025 Dacia Spring base.jpg|thumb|Dacia Spring Cargo (2nd)]] The [[van]] version of the Dacia Spring was produced in 2 generations from 2021<ref>{{Cite web|last=Polimeni|first=Fabiano|date=2023-03-22|title=Dacia Spring Cargo, l'elettrica N1 a supporto degli operatori professionali|url=https://www.fleetmagazine.com/dacia-spring-cargo-2023/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Fleet Magazine|language=it-IT}}</ref> to 2026,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bagnoli|first=Lorenzo|date=2024-11-11|title=Dacia Spring Cargo: la city car diventa van: ma arriverà in Italia?|url=https://auto.everyeye.it/notizie/dacia-spring-cargo-city-car-van-arriver-italia-754486.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Everyeye Auto|language=it}}</ref> with the 2 rear seats removed to make the trunk larger. == External links == <ref>{{Cite news|title=Dacia Spring, come va l'elettrica da 9.500 euro|language=it|work=Motor1.com|url=https://it.motor1.com/reviews/494230/dacia-spring-elettrica-2021-prova-foto-incentivi/|access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nel 2027 la Dacia Spring gemella della Twingo|url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/dacia-spring-2027-spy-rendering-413647|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.alvolante.it|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mazzu|first=Roberto "Maz"|date=2026-05-04|title=Leapmotor T03 vs Dacia Spring, qual è la migliore? Il confronto fra le due elettriche|url=https://auto.everyeye.it/notizie/leapmotor-t03-vs-dacia-spring-qual-migliore-confronto-due-elettriche-875685.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Everyeye Auto|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Polimeni|first=Fabiano|date=2023-03-22|title=Dacia Spring Cargo, l'elettrica N1 a supporto degli operatori professionali|url=https://www.fleetmagazine.com/dacia-spring-cargo-2023/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Fleet Magazine|language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bagnoli|first=Lorenzo|date=2024-11-11|title=Dacia Spring Cargo: la city car diventa van: ma arriverà in Italia?|url=https://auto.everyeye.it/notizie/dacia-spring-cargo-city-car-van-arriver-italia-754486.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Everyeye Auto|language=it}}</ref> 20xe5u7npa176fbash1vj0nna8n8i8o 3 1268511 10882880 10863947 2026-06-10T03:18:36Z Garsh2 1475106 Notification: listing at [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] of [[Birba]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882880 wikitext text/x-wiki ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of ELI== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:ELI]], a page you wrote. We thank you for your changes, but the nominator doesn't think that the page meets Wikipedia's rules for inclusion and has said why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). You are welcome to join the discussion at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/ELI]]; please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to bring it in line with our rules. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] flag from the top of the page; doing so will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you very much. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 17:50, 20 May 2026 (UTC) ==[[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion|RfD]] nomination of Birba== <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=]]</div>An editor has asked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|deletion]] of [[:Birba]], a page you wrote. We thank you for your changes, but the nominator doesn't think that the page meets Wikipedia's rules for inclusion and has said why in the nomination (see also "[[WP:NOT|What Wikipedia is not]]"). You are welcome to join the discussion at [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba]]; please be sure to [[WP:SIG|sign your comments]] with four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). You may also change the page during the discussion to bring it in line with our rules. But you should not remove the [[WP:RfD|requests for deletion]] flag from the top of the page; doing so will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you very much. [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:18, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ektctq4iv7tj8asig2w195e5yyuye25 0 1268572 10882931 10866520 2026-06-10T04:43:03Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = WHITENO1SE | birth_name = Itay Eliya | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1987}} | origin = Israel | genre = [[Psychedelic trance]], [[electronic music]] | occupation = [[DJ]], [[record producer]] | years_active = 2003–present | label = Seven Harmonies | image = WHITENO1SE, Tel Aviv 2025.jpg | caption = WHITENO1SE performing in Tel Aviv, 2025 | website = https://www.whiteno1se.com }} '''WHITENO1SE''' (born '''Itay Eliya''' in 1987) is an Israeli psytrance DJ and music producer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amsterdam-dance-event.nl/en/artists-speakers/whiteno1se/48925/ |title=WHITENO1SE |website=ADE |language=en |access-date=2024-12-07}}</ref> He started DJing at a young age in his hometown of Arad, Israel. At the age of 16, he began using the stage name "WHITENO1SE".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wikiedm.com/entrevistamos-whiteno1se/ |title=Entrevistamos a WHITENO1SE |website=WikiEDM |date=2019-08-20 |language=es |access-date=2024-12-07}}</ref> The name was inspired by the term "white noise". According to Eliya, the name represents his idea of combining different musical styles into one sound. == Career == WHITENO1SE performs at electronic music festivals around the world, including [[Tomorrowland]], Dreamstate Festival and Transmission Festival.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.festivalseason.es/en/transmission-prague-whiteno1se-2020/ |title=WHITENO1SE, fourth confirmation of Transmission |website=Festival Season |date=2020-04-05 |language=en |access-date=2024-12-07 |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226025713/https://www.festivalseason.es/en/transmission-prague-whiteno1se-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He has also appeared at events connected with [[Armin van Buuren]] and the ''A State of Trance'' festival series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tranceattack.net/whiteno1se-live-a-state-of-trance-900-21-09-2019-mexico-city-mexico/ |title=WHITENO1SE live A State of Trance 900 |website=TranceAttack |date=2019-09-24 |language=en-US |access-date=2024-12-07 |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226030055/https://tranceattack.net/whiteno1se-live-a-state-of-trance-900-21-09-2019-mexico-city-mexico/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2020, Beatport included WHITENO1SE in its psytrance sales charts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.beatport.com/chart/best-sellers-2020-psy-trance/654914 |title=Best Sellers 2020: Psy-Trance Chart |website=Beatport |language=en |access-date=2024-12-07}}</ref> In 2022, he started the label Seven Harmonies together with Ran Musay (Junam).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seven-harmonies.com/ |title=Seven Harmonies |website=Seven Harmonies |language=en |access-date=2024-12-07 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> WHITENO1SE has worked with artists including Vini Vici, Infected Mushroom, [[Blastoyz (musician)]], Ranji, Skazi and Sajanka. His track "The Moments I'm Missing", together with Ranji and Nina Nesbitt, became one of the most streamed Israeli electronic music tracks on Spotify.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4YQPa47NDfRm61QrDWKazv |title=The Moments I'm Missing |website=Spotify |language=en |access-date=2024-12-07}}</ref> == Discography == === Albums === * ''Music Comes to Life'' (2013) === Selected singles and collaborations === * "The Moments I'm Missing" (with Ranji and Nina Nesbitt) * "More of Just the Same" (with [[Infected Mushroom]]) * "Yanomami" (with [[Blastoyz (musician)]]) * "Defining Future" (with Omiki) * "Fight" (with Skazi) * "Anima Mea" (with Sajanka) * "We Are" (with Vegas and Richie Loop) == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * [https://www.whiteno1se.com Official website] [[Category:1987 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Israeli DJs]] [[Category:Electronic musicians]] [[Category:Psychedelic trance musicians]] t1jww6ll8eyko5khkokujhe2l239j43 0 1268800 10882759 10866779 2026-06-10T00:11:39Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiger''' (previously '''Tiger Racing''') is a [[English]] [[Kit car]] manufacturer founded in [[1989]].<ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book |last=Georgano |first=N. |authorlink= G.N. Georgano|title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile |year=2000 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=1-57958-293-1}}</ref> It was based in [[Wisbach]]. In 2022 It was purchased by [[DR Automobiles Groupe]]. And renamed to just Tiger,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR, partnership col colosso cinese Dongfeng per tre nuovi modelli con lo storico brand inglese Tiger [FOTO] |url=https://www.motorionline.com/dr-partnership-col-colosso-cinese-dongfeng-per-tre-nuovi-modelli-con-lo-storico-brand-inglese-tiger-foto/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Motorionline.com |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Earthling |first=Mike |date=2024-04-16 |title=New Tiger models with the agreement between DR and Dongfeng |url=https://techgameworld.com/new-tiger-models-with-the-agreement-between-dr-and-dongfeng/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=World of Technology, Video Games & Digital Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> and in [[2024]], they started rebadging [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] cars. == Models == === pre-2022 Tiger Racing era === [[File:Tiger - Flickr - exfordy (1).jpg|thumb|An Tiger kit car]] * ERA tm * ERA 30 tm * [[ERA HSS]]tm * Tiger Aviator tm * [[Tiger Avon]] * Tiger B6 * Tiger R6 * Tiger RS6 * Tiger Z100 * Tiger Cat E1/Supercat/XL * Super Six tm * Tiger Hawke * Tiger Cub * Tiger "D" type * Tiger storm * Tiger 250lm === Post 2022 Tiger era === * Tiger Six<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Seven<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Eight<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] 75eu5u8wyzufmeenon88arxlwibp504 10882760 10882759 2026-06-10T00:12:11Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* */ 10882760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiger''' (previously '''Tiger Racing''') is a [[English]] [[Kit car]] manufacturer founded in [[1989]].<ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book |last=Georgano |first=N. |authorlink= G.N. Georgano|title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile |year=2000 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=1-57958-293-1}}</ref> It was based in [[Wisbach]]. In 2022, It was purchased by [[DR Automobiles Groupe]]. And renamed to just Tiger,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR, partnership col colosso cinese Dongfeng per tre nuovi modelli con lo storico brand inglese Tiger [FOTO] |url=https://www.motorionline.com/dr-partnership-col-colosso-cinese-dongfeng-per-tre-nuovi-modelli-con-lo-storico-brand-inglese-tiger-foto/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Motorionline.com |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Earthling |first=Mike |date=2024-04-16 |title=New Tiger models with the agreement between DR and Dongfeng |url=https://techgameworld.com/new-tiger-models-with-the-agreement-between-dr-and-dongfeng/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=World of Technology, Video Games & Digital Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> and in [[2024]], they started rebadging [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] cars. == Models == === pre-2022 Tiger Racing era === [[File:Tiger - Flickr - exfordy (1).jpg|thumb|An Tiger kit car]] * ERA tm * ERA 30 tm * [[ERA HSS]]tm * Tiger Aviator tm * [[Tiger Avon]] * Tiger B6 * Tiger R6 * Tiger RS6 * Tiger Z100 * Tiger Cat E1/Supercat/XL * Super Six tm * Tiger Hawke * Tiger Cub * Tiger "D" type * Tiger storm * Tiger 250lm === Post 2022 Tiger era === * Tiger Six<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Seven<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Eight<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] sp28aq1tw7c7z9g4dpqg8aeobs182r3 10882761 10882760 2026-06-10T00:12:49Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* */ 10882761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiger''' (previously '''Tiger Racing''') is a English Kit car manufacturer founded in [[1989]].<ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book |last=Georgano |first=N. |authorlink= G.N. Georgano|title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile |year=2000 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=1-57958-293-1}}</ref> It was based in Wisbach. In 2022, It was purchased by [[DR Automobiles Groupe]]. And renamed to just Tiger,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR, partnership col colosso cinese Dongfeng per tre nuovi modelli con lo storico brand inglese Tiger [FOTO] |url=https://www.motorionline.com/dr-partnership-col-colosso-cinese-dongfeng-per-tre-nuovi-modelli-con-lo-storico-brand-inglese-tiger-foto/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Motorionline.com |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Earthling |first=Mike |date=2024-04-16 |title=New Tiger models with the agreement between DR and Dongfeng |url=https://techgameworld.com/new-tiger-models-with-the-agreement-between-dr-and-dongfeng/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=World of Technology, Video Games & Digital Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> and in [[2024]], they started rebadging [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] cars. == Models == === pre-2022 Tiger Racing era === [[File:Tiger - Flickr - exfordy (1).jpg|thumb|An Tiger kit car]] * ERA tm * ERA 30 tm * [[ERA HSS]]tm * Tiger Aviator tm * [[Tiger Avon]] * Tiger B6 * Tiger R6 * Tiger RS6 * Tiger Z100 * Tiger Cat E1/Supercat/XL * Super Six tm * Tiger Hawke * Tiger Cub * Tiger "D" type * Tiger storm * Tiger 250lm === Post 2022 Tiger era === * Tiger Six<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Seven<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Eight<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] qmjf7x3hsu6ncihwevt4bpe8rysxn22 10882766 10882761 2026-06-10T00:14:02Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiger''' (previously '''Tiger Racing''') is a English Kit car manufacturer founded in [[1989]].<ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book |last=Georgano |first=N. |authorlink= G.N. Georgano|title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile |year=2000 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=1-57958-293-1}}</ref> It was based in Wisbach. In 2022, It was purchased by [[DR Automobiles Groupe]]. And renamed to just Tiger,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR, partnership col colosso cinese Dongfeng per tre nuovi modelli con lo storico brand inglese Tiger [FOTO] |url=https://www.motorionline.com/dr-partnership-col-colosso-cinese-dongfeng-per-tre-nuovi-modelli-con-lo-storico-brand-inglese-tiger-foto/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Motorionline.com |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Earthling |first=Mike |date=2024-04-16 |title=New Tiger models with the agreement between DR and Dongfeng |url=https://techgameworld.com/new-tiger-models-with-the-agreement-between-dr-and-dongfeng/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=World of Technology, Video Games & Digital Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> and in [[2024]], they started rebadging [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] cars. == Models == === pre-2022 Tiger Racing era === [[File:Tiger - Flickr - exfordy (1).jpg|thumb|An Tiger kit car]] * ERA tm * ERA 30 tm * [[ERA HSS]]tm * Tiger Aviator tm * [[Tiger Avon]] * Tiger B6 * Tiger R6 * Tiger RS6 * Tiger Z100 * Tiger Cat E1/Supercat/XL * Super Six tm * Tiger Hawke * Tiger Cub * Tiger "D" type * Tiger storm * Tiger 250lm === Post 2022 Tiger era === * Tiger Six<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Seven<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Eight<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> == References == {{reflist}} 2f9yrcj1m9ygg17jrlrg5kkdeqdt1lw 10882797 10882766 2026-06-10T01:01:49Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Models */ 10882797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiger''' (previously '''Tiger Racing''') is a English Kit car manufacturer founded in [[1989]].<ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book |last=Georgano |first=N. |authorlink= G.N. Georgano|title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile |year=2000 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=1-57958-293-1}}</ref> It was based in Wisbach. In 2022, It was purchased by [[DR Automobiles Groupe]]. And renamed to just Tiger,<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR, partnership col colosso cinese Dongfeng per tre nuovi modelli con lo storico brand inglese Tiger [FOTO] |url=https://www.motorionline.com/dr-partnership-col-colosso-cinese-dongfeng-per-tre-nuovi-modelli-con-lo-storico-brand-inglese-tiger-foto/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Motorionline.com |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Earthling |first=Mike |date=2024-04-16 |title=New Tiger models with the agreement between DR and Dongfeng |url=https://techgameworld.com/new-tiger-models-with-the-agreement-between-dr-and-dongfeng/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=World of Technology, Video Games & Digital Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> and in [[2024]], they started rebadging [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation|Dongfeng]] cars. == Models == === pre-2022 Tiger Racing era === [[File:Tiger - Flickr - exfordy (1).jpg|thumb|An Tiger kit car]] * ERA tm * ERA 30 tm * [[ERA HSS]]tm * Tiger Aviator tm * [[Tiger Avon]] * Tiger B6 * Tiger R6 * Tiger RS6 * Tiger Z100 * Tiger Cat E1/Supercat/XL * Super Six tm * Tiger Hawke * Tiger Cub * Tiger "D" type * Tiger storm * Tiger 250lm === Post 2022 Tiger era === * Tiger Six<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Seven<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Eight<ref>https://www.formacar.com/en/baic--senova-x55--63017--article</ref> * Tiger Nine == References == {{reflist}} sug6w323r46i9rxlwyaiu50kvsnivt4 0 1268865 10882916 10867667 2026-06-10T04:09:30Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Organization |name =Vorarlberger Fußballverband |image = |image_border = |size = |caption = |abbreviation = VFV |motto = |formation = 4 July 1920 in [[Dornbirn]] |type = Football association |headquarters =Schlossplatz 1 |location = [[Hohenems]], [[Austria]] |coords = |membership = ca. 8.000 |leader_title = [[President (corporate title)|President]] |leader_name = [[Alfons Kirchmann]] |parent_organization = [[Austrian Football Association]] |website = http://www.vfv.at/ }} The '''Vorarlberg Football Association''' (VFV) was founded on July 4, 1920. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vfv.at/Der-Verband/Die-Geschichte-des-Verbandes/Die-Geschichte-des-Verbandes.html |title=VFV- History (German) |access-date=2026-05-24 |archive-date=2019-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209141924/https://www.vfv.at/Der-Verband/Die-Geschichte-des-Verbandes/Die-Geschichte-des-Verbandes.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>It is the leading body for all football clubs in [[Vorarlberg]]. The association is a full member of the [[Austrian Football Association]] (ÖFB). The Vorarlberg Football Association has its headquarter in Hohenems. ==History == The Vorarlberg Football Association originated from the Alpenländischen Fußballverband (Alpine Football Association). The Alpine Football Association includedthe present-day federal states of Tyrol and Vorarlberg. In September 1919, the Tyrolean regional association of the Alpine Football Association was founded in Tyrol. Vorarlberg established its own independent association. The Alpine Football Association was dissolved. ==Founding members == * [[FC Lustenau 07]], * [[FC Dornbirn 1913]], * [[Turnerbund Lustenau]], * [[FC Bregenz]], * [[FC Bludenz]] und * [[TV Jahn Lustenau]] Gebhard Grabher from Lustenau was elected as the first president. At this meeting, FC Hag Lustenau was also admitted as a new club. ==Leagues (man) == {| class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="margin: 1em; width: 50%; text-align: right;" |- ! colspan="2"| Tier ! rowspan="2"| League ! rowspan="2" style="width:80px"| Teams |- ! style="width:10%"| Austria ! style="width:10%"| Vorarlberg |- | 3. || 1. || style="text-align:left;" | Eliteliga Vorarlberg|| 10 Teams |- | 4. || 2. || style="text-align:left;" | [[Vorarlbergliga|Vorarlberg-Liga]]|| 16 Teams |- | 5. || 3. || style="text-align:left;" | [[Landesliga (Vorarlberg)|Landesliga]]|| 14 Teams |- | 6. || 4. || style="text-align:left;" | 1. Landesklasse || 14 Teams |- | 7. || 5. || style="text-align:left;" | 2. Landesklasse || 14 Teams |- | 8. || 6. || style="text-align:left;" | 3. Landesklasse || 14 Teams |- | 9. || 7. || style="text-align:left;" | 4. Landesklasse || 14 Teams |- | rowspan="2" | 10. || rowspan="2" | 8. || style="text-align:left;" | 5. Landesklasse Unterland || 9 Teams |- | style="text-align:left;" | 5. Landesklasse Oberland || 10 Teams |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="font-weight:bold;" | colspan="3" | Total|| 115 Teams |} ==Leagues (women) == {| class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="margin: 1em; width: 50%; text-align: right;" |- ! colspan="2"| Tier ! rowspan="2"| League ! rowspan="2" style="width:80px"| Teams |- ! style="width:10%"| Austria ! style="width:10%"| Vorarlberg |- | 3. || 1. ||style="text-align:left;"| Frauen Vorarlberg-Liga || 7 Teams |- |4. |2. |style="text-align:left;"|Frauen Landesliga |4 Teams |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="font-weight:bold;" | colspan="3" | Total|| 11 Teams |} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Vorarlberg]] [[Category:Sports organizations of Austria]] 3lc23tixj3lien3urwcxj9urmzqt4pv 0 1268872 10882773 10876510 2026-06-10T00:27:37Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ICH-X''' is an [[Italy|Italian]] [[Automobile|automotive]] company founded in [[2023]]. It is part of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]]. They rebadge [[Chinese]] cars, mainly from the [[BAIC Group]]. Initially it had the name ICKX, but in [[2023]] a former racing driver named Jacky Ickx had a legal dispute with them for unathorized use of his name,<ref>https://www.gazzetta.it/Auto/11-02-2024/dr-chiama-ickx-un-suo-modello-d-auto-l-ex-campione-f1-jacky-non-ci-sta-fa-causa-e-vince.shtml</ref> and DR changed it to ICHX in 2024.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/708752/dr-causa-ickx-k2/</ref> Its first model was the K2 a rebadged BAIC BJ40.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/</ref> == Models == * ICH-X K2 (2023–present, based on the first-generation [[Beijing BJ40#First generation (2014-present)|Beijing BJ40]]) * ICH-X K3 (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour T2]]) * ICH-X K4 (2024–present, based on the [[JAC Hunter]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:ICH-X K2 2.0 Turbo Diesel.jpg|ICH-X K2 File:ICH-X K3 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K3 File:ICH-X K4 Salone di Torino 1.jpg|ICH-X K4 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] eh5v1rb8hfqmhoflwi75y7r0rybuii6 0 1268875 10882780 10876308 2026-06-10T00:39:17Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sportequipe''' is an [[Italian]] [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer who is part of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] founded in [[2022]],.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> the company rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, mainly from [[Chery Automobile|Chery]] and [[JAC Motors]]. It first debuted at the Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show in the same year.<ref>https://motori.quotidiano.net/milano-monza-motor-show/dr-automobiles-groupe-lancia-al-mimo-nuovi-marchi-sportequipe-ed-ickx-oltre-ai-nuovi-modelli-evo-dr.htm</ref> It is positioned as a more premium brand, than the other DR Automobile brands.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/</ref> == Models == === Current === ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> === Former === * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian car manufacturers]] fvxnzrf516xycl308ke0t0nihn6maiy 10882782 10882780 2026-06-10T00:40:05Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* */ 10882782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sportequipe''' is an [[Italian]] [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer who is part of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] founded in [[2022]],.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> it rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, mainly from [[Chery Automobile|Chery]] and [[JAC Motors]]. Sportequipe first debuted at the Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show in the same year.<ref>https://motori.quotidiano.net/milano-monza-motor-show/dr-automobiles-groupe-lancia-al-mimo-nuovi-marchi-sportequipe-ed-ickx-oltre-ai-nuovi-modelli-evo-dr.htm</ref> It is positioned as a more premium brand, than the other DR Automobile brands.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/</ref> == Models == === Current === ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> === Former === * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian car manufacturers]] 9gy49rt3wc4dtd53wx869e7d9kdgej8 10882786 10882782 2026-06-10T00:47:58Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* References */ 10882786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sportequipe''' is an [[Italian]] [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer who is part of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] founded in [[2022]],.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-26 |title=DR Automobiles Group’s new Italian brand unveils LPG hybrid Sportequipe 8 |url=https://auto-gas.net/mediaroom/dr-automobiles-groups-new-italian-brand-unveils-lpg-hybrid-sportequipe-8/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=auto-gas.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigatto |first=Alessandro |date=2022-10-17 |title=Sportequipe 8: la nuova top di gamma |url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/sportequipe-8-2023-caratteristiche-immagini-380131 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=alVolante.it |language=it}}</ref> it rebadges [[Chinese]] cars, mainly from [[Chery Automobile|Chery]] and [[JAC Motors]]. Sportequipe first debuted at the Milano Monza Open-Air Motor Show in the same year.<ref>https://motori.quotidiano.net/milano-monza-motor-show/dr-automobiles-groupe-lancia-al-mimo-nuovi-marchi-sportequipe-ed-ickx-oltre-ai-nuovi-modelli-evo-dr.htm</ref> It is positioned as a more premium brand, than the other DR Automobile brands.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/592518/sportequipe-ickx-dr-mimo-2022/</ref> == Models == === Current === ==== Sportequipe ==== * Sportequipe 6 GT (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour Dashing]]) * Sportequipe 7 GTW (2024–present, based on the [[Jetour X70]]) * Sportequipe 8 GT (2025–present, based on the [[Kaiyi Kunlun]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S6 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 GT File:Sportequipe S7 (2024) Salone di Torino 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 GTW </gallery> === Former === * Sportequipe 1 (2022 prototype, based on the [[Chery eQ1]]) * Sportequipe 5 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 5x]]) * Sportequipe 6 (2023–2026, based on the second-generation [[Chery Tiggo 7]]) * Sportequipe 7 (2023–2025, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8]]) * Sportequipe 8 (2023–2026, based on the [[Chery Tiggo 8 Pro Max]]) * Sportequipe SK (2022 prototype, based on the [[JAC Shuailing T8]]) <gallery widths="150" heights="120"> File:Sportequipe S1 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 1 File:Sportequipe S5 MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe 5 File:Sportequipe S6 1.jpg|Sportequipe 6 File:Sportequipe S7 2023 1.jpg|Sportequipe 7 File:Sportequipe S8 PHEV 1.jpg|Sportequipe 8 File:Sportequipe SK (red) MIMO 2022.jpg|Sportequipe SK </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] 66rgduss8t8rkgk8dezghjd97s19g24 0 1268878 10882784 10867785 2026-06-10T00:47:12Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:DR Birba.jpg|thumb|The Birba vehicle]] '''Birba''' is an [[Italian]] [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in [[2024]], it is part of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]].<ref>https://www.hdmotori.it/auto-articoli-n611396-birba-dr-quadriciclo-elettrico-motore-autonomia/</ref><ref>https://www.repubblica.it/motori/2025/03/29/news/dr_automobiles_birba_microcar_prezzi_e_allestimenti-424093964/</ref> and only sells one [[vehicle]], a quadricycle who is a rebadged Chery QQ Ice Cream.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/753107/birba-microcar-elettrica-gruppo-dr/</ref><ref>https://www.corriere.it/motori/news/cards/debutta-dr-birba-microcar-un-bagagliaio-enorme-fa-90-kmh-velocita/pensati-le-citta_principale.shtml</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] n69ofa50rcmt5clb8tug4lmt87tlmaw 10882878 10882784 2026-06-10T03:18:36Z Garsh2 1475106 Nominated for deletion; see [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{RfD|Appears to be a non-notable car manufacturer. The secondary sources in the article read like promotional pieces or press releases. I was unable to find any other sources that help this meet the [[WP:GNG]]}} [[File:DR Birba.jpg|thumb|The Birba vehicle]] '''Birba''' is an [[Italian]] [[Automobile|car]] manufacturer founded in [[2024]], it is part of the [[DR Automobiles Groupe]].<ref>https://www.hdmotori.it/auto-articoli-n611396-birba-dr-quadriciclo-elettrico-motore-autonomia/</ref><ref>https://www.repubblica.it/motori/2025/03/29/news/dr_automobiles_birba_microcar_prezzi_e_allestimenti-424093964/</ref> and only sells one [[vehicle]], a quadricycle who is a rebadged Chery QQ Ice Cream.<ref>https://it.motor1.com/news/753107/birba-microcar-elettrica-gruppo-dr/</ref><ref>https://www.corriere.it/motori/news/cards/debutta-dr-birba-microcar-un-bagagliaio-enorme-fa-90-kmh-velocita/pensati-le-citta_principale.shtml</ref> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Italian automobile manufacturers]] 5fve55vimfm6n9f4jx2s9hp4lkopw3c 0 1269107 10882507 10880846 2026-06-09T18:17:10Z CommonsDelinker 5295 Removing [[:c:File:Ferrari_Luce.jpg|Ferrari_Luce.jpg]]; it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Infrogmation|Infrogmation]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Ferrari Luce.jpg|]]. 10882507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox automobile | name = Ferrari Luce | image = | caption = | manufacturer = [[Ferrari]] | model_code = F222 | aka = | production = 2026–present | model_years = 2027 | assembly = Italy: [[Maranello]] | designer = Jony Ive and Marc Newson | class = [[Executive car]] | body_style = 5-door [[liftback]] [[Sedan (automobile)|saloon]]<ref>{{cite news |last=Levin |first=Tim |date=2026-05-25 |title=I Saw Ferrari’s First EV In The Flesh. Here’s My Honest Take. |url=https://insideevs.com/news/796897/ferrari-luce-electric-car-2026/ |website=InsideEVs |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]] |location=US |access-date=2026-05-25 |quote=The Luce is a liftback sedan unlike any Ferrari before it and, as far as I can tell, unlike anything else on the road today.}}</ref> | layout = [[Individual wheel drive#Quad-motor|Quad-motor, all-wheel-drive]] | doors = Conventional doors (front)<br />[[Suicide door|Coach doors]] (back) | platform = | related = | engine = | transmission = | propulsion = | motor = 4× [[Synchronous motor#Permanent-magnet|radial-flow permanent-synchronous]] motors | drivetrain = | battery = 800 [[Volt|V]], 122-[[kWh]] | range = 529 km | electric_range = | charging = 350 kW [[Direct current|DC]] | powerout = {{cvt|1035|hp|kW PS|0}} | wheelbase = 2,961 mm | length = 5,026 mm | width = 1,999 mm | height = 1,544 mm | weight = 2,260 kg | predecessor = | successor = | sp = uk }} The '''Ferrari Luce''' is an electric [[Luxury car|luxury]] [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] produced by [[Ferrari]] in [[2026]]. It is the [[brand]]'s first [[electric car]] with an [[aerodynamic]] [[design]]. First shown on May 26, 2026,<ref>{{Citation|last=Motor1 Italia|title=FERRARI LUCE Solo a MARANELLO potevano farla COSÍ!|date=2026-05-25|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ue4FhgA1RxE&vl=it|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> its deliveries will start for 2027.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Luce Has Landed |url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/magazine/articles/ferrari-luce-unveiled |website=Official Ferrari website |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 2026 |title=Ferrari Goes Electric: The Luce Is Here! |work=[[Car and Driver]] |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a71394915/2027-ferrari-luce-revealed/ |last=Lorio |first=Joe |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> The design of the Ferrari Luce was created by LoveFrom, the creative collective founded by Jony Ive and Marc Newson.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FERRARI LUCE: SI APRE UN NUOVO CAPITOLO PER LA CASA DI MARANELLO|url=https://www.ferrari.com/it-IT/corporate/articles/ferrari-luce-si-apre-un-nuovo-capitolo-per-la-casa-di-maranello|access-date=2026-06-03|website=www.ferrari.com|language=it}}</ref> Its design was criticized by many people, mainly Ferrari fans,<ref name="Amariei">{{Cite web |last=Amariei |first=Florin |date=May 25, 2026 |title=The Ferrari Luce Is Here, and I Had To Triple-Check It's Not Made by Honda |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/the-ferrari-luce-is-here-and-i-had-to-triple-check-it-s-not-made-by-honda-270476.html |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=autoevolution |language=en}}</ref><ref name="lucecriticism">{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2026 |title=Ferrari unveils Luce its first fully electric car |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy22rddy5no |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Todeschini">{{cite news |title=Dai meme sulla Multipla alla furia di Montezemolo: la Ferrari Luce è già fenomeno di massa |trans-title=From Multipla memes to Montezemolo's fury: the Ferrari Luce is already a mass phenomenon |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/curiosita/2026/05/26/ferrari_luce_reazioni_social.html |first1=Claudio |last1=Todeschini |access-date=26 May 2026 |publisher=quattroruote.it |date=26 May 2026 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ferrari Luce fa crollare il titolo in Borsa, grandi dubbi sull’elettrica di Maranello |language=it |trans-title=Ferrari Luce sends stock plummeting; major doubts surround Maranello's electric car. |first1=Giorgio |last1=Colari |url=https://www.autoblog.it/post/ferrari-luce-fa-crollare-il-titolo-in-borsa-grandi-dubbi-sullelettrica-di-maranello |access-date=26 May 2026 |publisher=autoblog.it |date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ferrari: Salvini, Luce? Qualcuno si rivolta nella tomba, mercato ha gia' risposto |url=https://www.borsaitaliana.it/borsa/notizie/radiocor/finanza/dettaglio/ferrari-salvini-luce-qualcuno-si-rivolta-nella-tomba-mercato-ha-gia--risposto-nRC_27052026_1452_386324946.html |access-date=27 May 2026 |publisher=borsaitaliana.it |date=27 May 2026}}</ref> and Ferrari's [[Share (finance)|share]] fell by 8.4% when they showed it.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ferrari sbanda in borsa: -6% dopo il lancio di Luce, la prima auto elettrica del Cavallino |url=https://www.milanofinanza.it/news/ferrari-6-in-borsa-la-sbandata-dopo-la-presentazione-della-nuova-auto-elettrica-luce-202605261036193638 |access-date=26 May 2026 |agency=milanofinanza.it/ |publisher=milanofinanza.it/ |date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ferrari sbanda in borsa: -8,4% dopo il lancio di Luce, la prima auto elettrica del Cavallino |first1=Sara |last1=Bichcchi |language=it |trans-title=Ferrari Skids on the Stock Market: Down 8.4% Following the Launch of Luce—the Prancing Horse's First Electric Car |url=https://www.milanofinanza.it/news/ferrari-6-in-borsa-la-sbandata-dopo-la-presentazione-della-nuova-auto-elettrica-luce-202605261036193638 |access-date=26 May 2026 |publisher=milanofinanza.it |date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ferrari crolla in Borsa. Montezemolo: si rischia la distruzione di un mito |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/ferrari-crolla-borsa-montezemolo-si-rischia-distruzione-un-mito-AIWx5TID |access-date=26 May 2026 |publisher=ilsole24ore.com |date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Chi ha disegnato così la Ferrari Luce |url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/tecnologia/2026/05/25/dall-iphone_alla_luce-_chi_e_davvero_jony_ive_e_perche_ferrari_l-ha_scelto.html |access-date=26 May 2026 |publisher=quattroruote.it |date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ferrari Luce, debutta la “rossa” più sconvolgente della storia: elettrica, berlina a cinque posti e stile shock |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/ferrari-luce-debutta-rossa-piu-sconvolgente-storia-elettrica-berlina-cinque-posti-e-stile-shock-AIhxlsHD |access-date=26 May 2026 |publisher=ilsole24ore.com |date=26 May 2026 |first1=Mario |last1=Cianflone |language=it |trans-title=Ferrari Luce: The most revolutionary "Red" in history makes its debut: electric, five-seater sedan, and shocking styling}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} == Other websites == * {{Official website|https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/auto/ferrari-luce}} [[Category:Ferrari]] [[Category:Sedans]] [[Category:battery electric vehicles]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] {{transport-stub}} 6ytguxgoy9nzcimhxqzsas1tudeob0n 4 1269154 10882873 10878571 2026-06-10T03:06:08Z SpBot 17413 archiving 1 section from [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser]] (after section [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Archives/2026-05#Cyber.Eyes.2005|Cyber.Eyes.2005]]) 10882873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talkarchive}} == Countless Tas == as I don't know all of them ( there are a lot ) here's at least one of the many * {{checkuser|~2026-28560-84}} * I have other Tas to compare them to but since there are a lot that is the only one I'm providing * this ta along with other Tas has been making the same edits as the others that I think they might be the same person and the reason they require maybe a check user is because there are a lot (sorry in advance if I broke that formatting for the username this is the first time I've ever done something like this) [[User:Amapenguin|Amapenguin]] ([[User talk:Amapenguin|talk]]) 07:34, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :There is no need to run checks on TAs. We aren't allowed to link them to each other publicly anyway. Furthermore, just making bad edits doesn't warrant a CU. :Marking this as {{not done}} as patrolling admin/non-CU. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:49, 12 May 2026 (UTC) ::These Tas have been making the same edits every single day around the same time what if more pop up will we have to continue the cycle [[User:Amapenguin|Amapenguin]] ([[User talk:Amapenguin|talk]]) 18:40, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :::Then we just block them and any admin can also just block the underlying IP. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 18:41, 12 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 04:54, 23 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == KryptonSuperDog23 - 2026 May 7 == * {{checkuser|Pranav Elvish666}} * {{checkuser|BeReconciled BeReconciled Mary reconciles one to Jesus}} * {{checkuser|Kirsten311}} - previous account * {{checkuser|LittleTrumpJackStar}} Similar edits to [[Itamar Ben-Gvi]], same pattern of "translating" Jewish related articles from en wiki with no/minimal changes. Recreated [[Amihai Eliyahu]] which was originally created by KSD sock.[https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Amihai+Eliyahu] Please also look for sleepers, as KSD's pattern is to use one account for a day or two then switch. In addition, several temp accounts with the same IP are editing in the same space with the same pattern - [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&title=Special%3AContributions%2F%7E2026-25583-28&showRelatedTemporaryAccounts=1]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 01:34, 8 May 2026 (UTC) :Since local CUs haven't locked into it yet, I did some magic and can cofirm the accounts. All are locked now. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:28, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:39, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == Muhammad Raynan Rizky Akbar - May 2026 == *{{checkuser|OYI SAM123}} - new account *{{checkuser|Sandiaga Segundo}} - most recently blocked? Recreated Muhammad Raynan Rizky Akbar, which has [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Muhammad+Raynan+Rizky+Akbar has a history of that happening]. Previous checkuser requests at [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2026/Muhammad_Raynan_Rizky_Akbar] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Raynan_Rizky_Akbar] around this article. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 16:30, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :{{duck}} and blocked. Data for the old account is stale for me. Might be worth for a local CU to take a look anyway. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 20:41, 10 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:38, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == Karol Mayer== *{{checkuser|Liviu Președintele}} *{{checkuser|Karol_Mayer}} Karol Mayer was created 5 hours after my block of Liviu Președintele. In just the few edits so far, there is [https://sigma.toolforge.org/editorinteract.py?users=Liviu+Pre%C8%99edintele&users=Karol+Mayer&users=&startdate=&enddate=&ns=&server=simplewiki overlap in interests]. There's also a naming similarity to other socks in this family at [[:en:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations/Carol_Petrescu/Archive]]. I think it's fairly DUCK but could use a confirmation. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 16:26, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :{{duck}} and from what I can see, it's fairly clear. Local CU can probably get better results. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:31, 11 May 2026 (UTC) :I did some clean up here... -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:34, 25 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:34, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == KryptonSuperDog23 - 2026 May 13 == * {{checkuser|JanetThreeForty}} - new sock * {{checkuser|~2026-29050-52}} - new temp account * {{checkuser|Pranav Elvish666}} - previous account Similar edits to [[Itamar Ben-Gvi]]. Please also review and block the underlying ip for the temp account as well. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 03:22, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :: Confirmed and blocked. [[User:Peterdownunder|Peterdownunder]] ([[User talk:Peterdownunder|talk]]) 05:01, 14 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:21, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == [[David M Hryck]], [[David Hryck]] == * {{checkuser|Lenchaster}} * {{checkuser|Unitins1}} 1st made [[David Hryck]], 2nd recreated [[David M Hryck]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 02:49, 16 May 2026 (UTC) :Might be interesting to check locally here. I'd go by {{confirmed}} and this is clearly related to an active socking case on enwiki. I'm certain there can be found more locally here. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 06:41, 16 May 2026 (UTC) :: {{reply to|Barras}} {{checkuser|AlphaBetaGamma1}} recreated [[David M Hryck]]. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 12:02, 22 May 2026 (UTC) :::That one was little harder without local checks, however, I'd go by {{confirmed}} alongside with: :::*{{checkuser|MarcusAlphonso1}} and :::*{{checkuser|JamieFrancis199}} :::I'd bet there are some more socks around here, but that needs to be done locally. Accounts are blocked. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:30, 22 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:21, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == Izaaqnewton == *{{checkuser|Izaaqnewton}} *{{checkuser|Editeur16}} *{{checkuser|Edibiz}} *{{checkuser|Jansedits}} See also [[:en:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Izaaqnewton]]. The first ones will be stale most likely, but Izaaqnewton is blocked here for abusing multiple accounts and is globally locked. Editeur16 is blocked at En. as a sock of Izaaqnewton. Editeur16 created [[Trump Unyielding]] here. Edibiz later expanded it here and added a photo of its cover to the since deleted English Wikipedia article. The book is published by Bizmart, strengthening the connection to Edibiz. Jansedits showed up today and created articles on Ugandan related topics, then came and voted keep at the Trump Unyielding RFD. They have also edited at [[Hamis Kiggundu]] which is a significant target of the Izaaqnewton socks at the English Wikipedia (and they edited it here in one of their few edits). [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:16, 16 May 2026 (UTC) :Oh and at Commons, Jansedits uploaded [[:File:Jones_Y_Kyazze.jpg]]. Edibiz created the [[Jones Kyazze]] article here. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 13:21, 16 May 2026 (UTC) ::I don't get data for the first ones. The last seem unrelated. Data doesn't match here. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:17, 25 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:22, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == [[Teen Titans]] sockpuppets == Persisting vandalizm in [[:Category:Teen Titans]] and related pages. In addition, there are several temporary accounts. Either we have a honeypot for problematic users, or there's a rotation of ''constructive'' work and vandalism with sockpuppets. *{{checkuser|Esteban McKeever}} *{{checkuser|Mutark2026}} *{{checkuser|Desaded-Lode}} *{{checkuser|Fgewr}} *{{checkuser|Desumfsdgew}} *{{checkuser|Demosase}} *{{checkuser|Dfoodsf949646}} Please check, perhaps there is the possibility to perform some rangeblocks to calm that down. [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 12:34, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :Looks like there is already everything blocked that makes sense. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:05, 25 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:05, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == KryptonSuperDog23 - 2026 May 19 == *{{checkuser|AashishDror}} - new sock *{{checkuser|JanetThreeForty}} - previous sock Same type of edits as prior sock - copying Jewish related articles from en wiki with no or minimal simplification efforts. Also adding same categories [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir_Kahane&diff=prev&oldid=10858398] as previous socks [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meir_Kahane&diff=10729210&oldid=10685317]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 15:36, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :Jup, {{confirmed|data matches}}. Locked the account globally. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 16:38, 19 May 2026 (UTC) :No more local socks. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:54, 25 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:54, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == [[Andrea Holmes Thompkins]] == * {{checkuser|AKChronicle}} * {{checkuser|Novaryn}} * {{checkuser|Orivex}} [[Special:Contributions/AKChronicle]] made [[Andrea Holmes Thompkins]]. [[Special:Contributions/Novaryn]] & [[Special:Contributions/Orivex]] recreated page. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:33, 21 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] {{confirmed}} with data from a different project. :Additional socks: :* {{checkuser|Zyphora53}} :* {{checkuser|Veltrix23}} (not yet created on this project) :This case might also be good to be checked locally. Feel free to block the accounts. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 06:17, 22 May 2026 (UTC) :No more socks found locally. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:51, 25 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:51, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == [[Asit Nath Tiwari]] == * {{checkuser|The golden wings agency}} * {{checkuser|Great people stories}} [[Special:Contributions/The_golden_wings_agency]] & [[Special:Contributions/Great_people_stories]] triggered filter 159 on [[Asit Nath Tiwari]] ([[Special:AbuseLog/647095]], [[Special:AbuseLog/646853]], [[Special:AbuseLog/646851]], [[Special:AbuseLog/646852]], [[Special:AbuseLog/646850]]). [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:35, 22 May 2026 (UTC) :@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]]: I'd like to check, however, that needs to be done locally as the data for ''Great people stories'' is already stale for me. Considering the projects both accounts have edited and also looking at the edited pages there, I'd say {{duck}}. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 04:50, 23 May 2026 (UTC) :{{confirmed}} without any doubt. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:49, 25 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:51, 25 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == Btw Santhosh - May 2026 == *{{Checkuser|Vidusah}} - new account *{{Checkuser|~2026-31964-93}} - new temp account *{{Checkuser|Aristick}} - previous account [[TraceX Labs]] recreated by the temp account and quickly edited by Vidusah. Btw Santhosh has been the only editor that recreates this article. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 13:43, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :Accounts are {{confirmed}}. Found additionally {{checkuser|Najiyasultana}}. All are blocked/locked now. No comment on the TA. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 15:10, 29 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 06:55, 30 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == [[BlockSurvey]] == * {{checkuser|RazoPax}} * {{checkuser|GaboZen}} [[Special:Contributions/RazoPax]] created page [[BlockSurvey]]. [[Special:Contributions/GaboZen]] triggered filter 85 on [[BlockSurvey]]. (Filter description: New user removing speedy deletion templates, [[Special:AbuseLog/647949]], [[Special:AbuseLog/647948]], [[Special:AbuseLog/647946]]) [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 03:02, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :{{confirmed}}, blocked and also locked as they are related to some known crosswiki socking case. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 06:55, 30 May 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 10:43, 31 May 2026 (UTC)</small> == Cyber.Eyes.2005 == {{checkuser|Cyber.Eyes.2005}} {{checkuser|Erakilos}} Cyber.Eyes.2005 was originally blocked for sockpuppetry and hoaxing and disruptive POV regarding South Asia (India and Pakistan) on enwiki. They then brought the same thing here and managed to get rollbacker and patroller rights before their hoaxing was discovered here as well and they were blocked (September 2024) when I reported this to the admin noticeboard. Erakilos was created this February 2026 and has also managed to get rollback rights here [granted by Freien [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&logid=3307527]] (which is already a giveaway of this not being a new user along with the use of advanced wikitools). The overlap, POV (in South Asia articles) and similarity between these accounts [including performative auto [gadget/script] edits to beef up the edit count] is striking enough to justify a CU. Similar edit summaries: "-POV" [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali&diff=prev&oldid=10871620], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porus&diff=prev&oldid=9718571 master]; "-Unsourced" [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zunbil_dynasty&diff=prev&oldid=1356677886], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mah%C4%AB%C5%9B%C4%81saka&diff=prev&oldid=1357022672], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahadur_Shah_II&diff=prev&oldid=9715508 master]; extensive Twinkle usage specifically Quick Delete [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Erakilos/QD_log], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cyber.Eyes.2005/QD_log master]; using reset talk [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Azemiopinae&diff=prev&oldid=10872057], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Black_women&diff=prev&oldid=9744791 master] along with a whole host of similar scripts as the master including the same edit summaries when adding them [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Cyber.Eyes.2005/common.js&diff=prev&oldid=9680892 "+Added script from EnWiki."], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Erakilos/common.js&diff=prev&oldid=10774462 "Script from EnWiki."]; "->" in edit summaries: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etruscan_sculpture&diff=prev&oldid=10816327], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Casque_(anatomy)&diff=prev&oldid=10816328], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yoga&diff=prev&oldid=9539908 master], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Butter_chicken&diff=prev&oldid=9718948 master]; "Copyedit." [note the capitzalization with a dot] in edit summaries [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windows_Whistler&diff=prev&oldid=10769402], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koin%C4%93_Greek_language&diff=prev&oldid=10787567], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan&diff=prev&oldid=9756333 master], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prakrit&diff=prev&oldid=9705375 master]; same POVPUSH as the master [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali&diff=prev&oldid=10871620]; "Rajput" related edits (a caste in India/Pakistan) [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajput&diff=prev&oldid=10871627], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porus&diff=prev&oldid=9718571 master]; finally this comment at the AfD for "merging" a hoax created by the master [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Requests_for_deletion/Requests/2026/India_naming_dispute&diff=prev&oldid=10875373] (the sock had never edited that article or particpated at any AfD before this, which brought the socking to my attention [the article having recently been restored by a [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/~2026-31903-60 temp/IP] user likely another sock]). Also pinging the sysop who also blocked the master {{u|Ferien}}, [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Diff/9769173#Cyber.Eyes.2005]. The sock is active on enwiki where I initially noticed them (enwiki being the main wiki I edit) but since the master was last extensively active at simplewiki I bring the CU here. [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] ([[User talk:Gotitbro|talk]]) 12:50, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :Further when moving/creating pages the sock uses verbatim edit summaries as the master: [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reza_Pahlavi,_Crown_Prince_of_Iran&oldid=10816155], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Romantic&oldid=10800320], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turoyo&oldid=10799230], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dormer_window&oldid=9437566 master], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_symbol_(music)&oldid=9374691 master] and [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grave_goods&oldid=10875396], [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromodoris_willani&oldid=10828621]. [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] ([[User talk:Gotitbro|talk]]) 13:06, 31 May 2026 (UTC) ::Cyber.Eyes last edited in September 2024, there likely is no cu data. Linking a named user and a temporary account is not possible... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 13:54, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :::{{re|Eptalon}} I've removed the temp account from the request. While I believe the behavioural evidence is overwhelming, a CU can confirm this beyond doubt which should link as the master likely has other sleepers etc. even beyond this. [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] ([[User talk:Gotitbro|talk]]) 14:03, 31 May 2026 (UTC) ::::Cyber.Eyes last edit was in September 2024; IIRc CU data goes back 6 months... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 14:37, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :::::6 months? I thought it was 90 days @[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 21:07, 1 June 2026 (UTC) ::::::Likely, what I wanted to say above: Cyber.Eyes last edited far before that... [[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 21:12, 1 June 2026 (UTC) :I deny any connection to Cyber.Eyes.2005 and the allegation of POV-pushing by Gotitbro (...a very serious accusation imo...); [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali&diff=prev&oldid=10871620 This] has been cited as my POV push, where I simply aligned the lead with enwiki phrasing. The rest of the evidence presented are common Wiki editing practices and not unique identifiers.. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 15:27, 31 May 2026 (UTC) ::Well {{w|WP:MANDY}} of course. The behavioral evidence is as clear cut as it gets and your edits are not "common Wiki editing practices", they are editor specific. A new user does not simply edit with advanced tools like that out of the blue, a new user does not come to the retention of hoaxes out of the blue (created by a blocked editor, at an article they've never edited before and at a forum they've never visited prior) with toe-to-toe editorial behavioral matches everywhere from the tools/scripts used, to the automated [gaming] edits (or as Ferien noted previously [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Current_issues_and_requests_archive_77#c-Ferien-20240917203200-RiggedMint-20240917180000] "{{tq|Cyber.Eyes.2005 combined their problematic edits with anti-vandalism and other edits, likely to (try to) keep their problematic edits under the radar.}}"), to the edit summaries, to article interests (South Asia and caste) etc. ::As for POV (the master getting banned for anachronistic "Pakistan" hoaxes/POVPUSH): we can see that [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patola_Shahis&diff=prev&oldid=1356678494 here], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandharan_architecture&oldid=1350510863 here] ([https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gandhara_art&oldid=9258416 master]) and of course in the very edit you cite [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali&diff=prev&oldid=10871620]. [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] ([[User talk:Gotitbro|talk]]) 16:14, 31 May 2026 (UTC) :{{re|MathXplore|BRPever}} Also pinging sysops who granted/revoked rollback/patroller rights for the master. [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] ([[User talk:Gotitbro|talk]]) 18:41, 3 June 2026 (UTC) ::Just responding to let you know I have seen this and am still taking more of a look into it, but might take a few days. Other sysops' input would be welcomed. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:55, 3 June 2026 (UTC) :: I'm not familiar to South Asia articles. I cannot handle this. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 22:23, 3 June 2026 (UTC) *[[User:BRPever|BRPever]] and I took on this case today. As Eptalon stated above, the data for ''Cyber.Eyes.2005'' is stale. Checkuser data is only stored for 90 days. However, after consulting the old enwiki case related to the socking of Cyber.Eyes.2005 and combining the editing pattern from the two mentioned users, it is {{possible}} that the users are connected. The technical connection is not definitive. Any admin may or may not take action based on this. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:45, 4 June 2026 (UTC) *:Based on the evidence, particularly the RfD, I have blocked the account as a sock. --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 18:50, 4 June 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:41, 6 June 2026 (UTC)</small> r0dqoq4phjcwdhr6gbnox6ju1y8hcoh 4 1269182 10882347 10882084 2026-06-09T14:30:58Z Ferien 1011873 close 10882347 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:30, 9 June 2026 (UTC) === Wikitólica === :{{lc|Wikitólica}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Wikitólica|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Wikitólica}} open RfD subpage]</span> Erakilos ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Likely fails [[WP:GNG]]. Sources exist, but the subject lacks independent, secondary sources; existing coverage is primarily niche religious media and self-published material. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 12:05, 27 May 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *{{Keep}} - While the nominator raises a valid point that some of the coverage stems from niche religious media—which is expected given that Wikitólica is a specialized Catholic encyclopedia—this focus does not diminish its inherent notability. It is the same case for [[New Advent]], the other article I just created, both very linked to [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] (which I rewrited it almost from scratch). I believe the Wikitólica article satisfies [[WP:GNG]] as the references provided are not limited to self-published material; they include coverage from independent, secondary media outlets with established editorial control, such as '''El Nacional''' (a mainstream daily newspaper) and '''Portalnews'''. Furthermore, coverage in niche or specialized media like '''El Observador de la Actualidad''', '''Jóvenes Católicos''' and '''Primeros Cristianos''', highlights its significant impact within the catholic media. Also, the website holds a registered eISSN (3101-7339) and its database is indexed as an open dataset on Zenodo with a valid DOI, showing a level of institutional verifiability and impact within the digital educational ecosystem. The sources are independent, reliable, and provide sufficient coverage to ensure notability. -- [[User:XeNivalys|XeNivalys]] ([[User talk:XeNivalys|talk]]) 12:28, 27 May 2026 (UTC) *{{vd}} Spam. Should be speedily deleted as part of the article creator's cross-wiki spam crusade. --[[User:Bedivere|Bedivere]] ([[User talk:Bedivere|talk]]) 04:47, 9 June 2026 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''12:05, 3 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> 7m6aknwls2b5ol5n9mnzbezeaw20h21 4 1269424 10882352 10881682 2026-06-09T14:32:29Z Ferien 1011873 close 10882352 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:32, 9 June 2026 (UTC) === Jones Kyazze === :{{lc|Jones Kyazze}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Jones Kyazze|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Jones Kyazze}} open RfD subpage]</span> Barras ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' I was about to delete this as [[WP:QD#A4|A4]], however, that might need discussion. I don't see this person being notable. [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:20, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' - Not seeing him as notable, and I have a feeling much is AI generated with the phrases such as "Library records show...". [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:46, 2 June 2026 (UTC) *''{{vk}}'' - The subject appears to really meet [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability]] and [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)|notability for people]] beyond minimum requirements, the article makes a credible claim of importance: Kyazze is a former senior international civil servant with over three decades at [[UNESCO]], he is a former cabinet minister in the Buganda Kingdom government, and an author whose works are catalogued by major libraries. :There is also independent coverage in [[:en:Wikipedia:List of newspapers in Uganda|Ugandan media]], including: ''[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/dr-kyazze-savours-book-writing--1840004 Daily Monitor]'', ''[https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/business/jones-yosiya-kyazze-ugandan-diplomat-who-carr-NV_234565_062026 New Vision]'', ''[https://nilepost.co.ug/news/345572/dr-jones-kyazze-launches-memoir-detailing-over-three-decades-at-unesco Nile Post]'', ''[https://www.independent.co.ug/dr-jones-kyazzes-new-biography-revisits-the-life-of-william-senteza-kajubi/ The Independent]''and ''[https://redpepper.co.ug/dr-jones-kyazze-reflects-on-preserving-ugandas-historical-and-cultural-memory/148404/ Red Pepper]''. These sources discuss his public service, UNESCO career, writings, and role in preserving Uganda’s cultural and historical memory. [[Daily Monitor]] and [[New vision|The New Vision]]'' are Uganda’s long-established daily newspapers, whose coverage is independent of the subject. :In addition to press coverage, Kyazze is documented in official and institutional sources, including UNESCO records and United Nations materials. His work is also listed in library and academic catalogues, including [https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/13996662 Stanford University] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/The-making-of-an-international-civil-servant-:-my-incredible-journey/oclc/1243281129 World Cat], [https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/SCSB-15247831 Princeton University], [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000385532 UNESCO Digital Library] and [https://libcat.kyu.ac.ug/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=39786&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=88931 Kyambogo University Library] among others which all support and justify him being a published and globally catalogued author. The article may just needs small improvement but it is well sourced with enough coverage to support keeping it. [[User:Jansedits|Jansedits]] ([[User talk:Jansedits|talk]]) 07:09, 3 June 2026 (UTC) *'''Keep''' - Meets [[WP:GNG|GNG]] as the subject has SIGCOV in [[New vision]], ''The Uganda Times'', [[Daily Monitor]], ''The Independent'' and those United Nations related publications cited in the article. [[User:Edibiz|Edibiz]] ([[User talk:Edibiz|talk]]) 22:36, 3 June 2026 (UTC) *{{CUnote}} Edibiz and Jansedits have been blocked as socks of each other. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 21:42, 5 June 2026 (UTC) *:How about Macholi who just showed up here? {{checkuser|Macholi}} [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 21:58, 7 June 2026 (UTC) *::I've blocked them as a DUCK. All three of the articles that they have edited or contributed to the RFDs for were created by or supported by other socks in the Izaaqnewton family. [[User:CountryANDWestern|CountryANDWestern]] ([[User talk:CountryANDWestern|talk]]) 12:09, 8 June 2026 (UTC) *'''Keep''' - After reading through the article, the biography has a wide coverage mostly in the Ugandan newspaper and he is also notable. The article should be kept. [[User:Macholi|Macholi]] ([[User talk:Macholi|talk]]) <small class="autosigned">—Comment [[Wikipedia:Signatures|without a date]] added on 21:18, 7 June 2026 (UTC)</small> <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''17:20, 5 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> bealmwraa96bzaf51wvuv1o6awxx8hs 4 1269435 10882357 10881493 2026-06-09T14:35:20Z Ferien 1011873 close 10882357 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|There is a consensus to delete the article as it stands, and a weak consensus to implement a redirect. The issue is with the content, so I am going to revision delete it and keep a redirect.}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:35, 9 June 2026 (UTC) === India naming dispute === :{{lc|India naming dispute}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/India naming dispute|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/India naming dispute}} open RfD subpage]</span> MrMeAndMrMe ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Requesting either deletion or redirect. NPOV and OR pushing. See [[Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Current issues and requests archive 77#Cyber.Eyes.2005]] for more information. Gotitbro redirected the page, but an IP decided that his decision was not controversial, so taking it to RfD might be a better idea. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 18:37, 29 May 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== *'''Delete''' Article created by a known hoaxer and restored likely by an IP sock, sources have been entirely synthesized and speak nothing of this non-existent dispute (especially nothing for Pakistan being the 'actual India' that is being hoaxed here, the specific hoax that the creator was banned for). [[User:Gotitbro|Gotitbro]] ([[User talk:Gotitbro|talk]]) 06:43, 31 May 2026 (UTC) * '''Merge/Redirect''' Sources do support that Jinnah objected to the use of the name "India", but not enough to justify a standalone article? There seems to be fair amount of synthesis and nationalist interpretation as pointed above, and much of it would need to be purged. The verifiable material should be merged into [[Partition of India]], [[Names for India]], or [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], with a redirect. <span style="font-family:serif;">[[User:Erakilos|Erakilos]]</span> 𐤀 09:36, 31 May 2026 (UTC) *Subject is historically notable. I do not have all the historical background,I am not a historian.I think that this likely is a case of keeping the article le and cleaning it up. deletion is not for cleanup.-[[User:Eptalon|Eptalon]] ([[User talk:Eptalon|talk]]) 06:51, 7 June 2026 (UTC) *:Given the sources, I do not think that there is a warrant for anything other than a subheading into another article. “Deletion is not cleanup” does not always apply to an article that is bad from the start. It is the same reason we QD articles copied from en, or AI generated articles. Especially on SEWP, it will, on average, take years for someone to notice this article, and then is willing to go through the article, radically change everything in the article, and find proper sources. Until then we have a useless article that exists for the sake of POV pushing. <span style="border-radius:7em;padding:1.5px;background-color:#e3e3e3;">[[User:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:#000000;">'''MrMeAndMrMe'''</span>]]</span>_{[[User talk:MrMeAndMrMe|<span style="color:darkblue;">'''Talk'''</span>]]} 07:16, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''18:37, 5 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> ncl4zcnf8oy14ygu6m2217uuat7k6dm 0 1269519 10882769 10877974 2026-06-10T00:21:48Z ~2026-34186-49 1819394 10882769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dieter Fritsch''' (born May 19, 1950 in [[Gemünden am Main|Gemünden]], [[Westerwaldkreis|Westerwald]], [[Germany]]) is a German geodesist and emeritus professor of photogrammetry and surveying at the [[University of Stuttgart]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Seeger|first=Hartmut|title=Stuttgarter unikurier Nr. 98 Dez 2006 - Leute - Design für Ingenieure - Hartmut Seeger 70|url=https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/presse/archiv/uni-kurier/uk98/leute/lt104a.html|access-date=2026-05-29|website=www.uni-stuttgart.de}}</ref> He served as Rector of the University of Stuttgart from 2000 to 2006 and has been a researcher in the fields of photogrammetry,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Towards All-in-one Photogrammetry|url=https://www.gim-international.com/content/article/towards-all-in-one-photogrammetry|access-date=2026-05-29|website=www.gim-international.com|language=en}}</ref> GIS, and geospatial sciences for over six decades.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dieter Fritsch zum Rektor der Uni Stuttgart gewählt|url=https://idw-online.de/en/news?print=1&id=18525|website=IDW}}</ref> == Education == In 1969, he obtained his university entrance qualification and studied surveying at Mainz University of Applied Sciences and the [[University of Bonn]], graduating with distinction in 1977. He subsequently worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Theoretical Geodesy, University of Bonn. In 1982, he received his doctorate with a dissertation on digital signal processing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dieter Fritsch's schedule for Digital Heritage 2018 3rd International Congress & Expo|url=https://digitalheritage2018.sched.com/speaker/dieter.fritsch|access-date=2026-05-29|website=digitalheritage2018.sched.com|language=en}}</ref> In November 1983 he moved to the Chair for Photogrammetry, [[Technical University of Munich]] (TUM) as senior research assistant and lecturer. In 1990, he completed his habilitation at TUM in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and was appointed Privatdozent.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Geospatial World Forum Speaker: Trainer, Prof. Dr. Dieter Fritsch,Emeritus Professor, University of Stuttgart, Germany|url=https://geospatialworld.net/gwf/2022/speakers-bio.asp?id=gwf2022A00331|access-date=2026-05-29|website=geospatialworld.net}}</ref> == Academic Career == From June 1992 to March 2016, Fritsch was Full Professor at the [[University of Stuttgart]], where he served as Director of the Institute for Photogrammetry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stuttgarter unikurier Nr. 97 Mai 2006 - Studieren und Lernen - Weiteres Internet-Café eröffnet|url=https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/presse/archiv/uni-kurier/uk97/studieren/sl35.html|access-date=2026-05-29|website=www.uni-stuttgart.de}}</ref> He chaired the Surveying Studies Commission (1992–1994), was Dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Surveying (1994–1996), and led the Coordination Office for Academic Continuing Education from 1995-2000.<ref name=":0" /> He became Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs (1998–2000). On October 1, 2000, Fritsch served as Rector of the [[University of Stuttgart]] for a six-year term. He was elected by the Grand Senate, receiving 31 votes against 16 for the other candidate. During his tenure, he also chaired the Baden-Württemberg State Rectors' Conference (2002–2004).<ref name=":1" /> == Awards == * International Association of Geodesy Fellow (1987) <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Dieter Fritsch|url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/906392/bio|website=Loop}}</ref> * MeDiDaPrix Winner (2005) with eLearning Concept [[University of Stuttgart]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Geospatial World Forum Speaker: , Prof. Dr. Dieter Fritsch,UNGGIM-PSN Hexagon Representative, Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, University of Stuttgart, Germany|url=https://geospatialworld.net/gwf/2018/speakers-bio.asp?id=gwf2018A0061|access-date=2026-06-10|website=geospatialworld.net}}</ref> * Honorary Alumni [[University of Stuttgart]] (2006)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dr. Hans Dieter Fritsch {{!}} Author {{!}} Institute for Photogrammetry, University of Stuttgart, Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24D, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany|url=https://sciprofiles.com/profile/384104|access-date=2026-06-10|website=sciprofiles.com}}</ref> * Honorary Professor [[Wuhan University]], Wuhan, China (2007)<ref name=":1" /> * ISPRS Fellow (2012)<ref name=":4" /> * Honorary Member ESNC Jury Baden Wuerttemberg (2016)<ref name=":5" /> * Member Sudeten German Academy of Sciences and Arts, Munich (2018)<ref name=":3" /> * Bohnenberger Award (2023).<ref name=":1" /> == Research == Fritsch’s research spans photogrammetry, geographic information systems (GIS), computer vision, computer graphics, statistical inference, signal processing, laser scanning, augmented reality, and virtual reality. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gong|first=K.|last2=Fritsch|first2=D.|date=2016-06-01|title=A DETAILED STUDY ABOUT DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL GENERATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE STEREO IMAGERY|url=http://www.isprs-ann-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/III-1/69/2016/isprs-annals-III-1-69-2016.pdf|journal=ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences|language=en|volume=III-1|pages=69–76|doi=10.5194/isprsannals-III-1-69-2016|issn=2194-9050}}</ref> He was appointed leader for the following research and industrial bodies: Chairman IAG WG 4.60 Statistical Models and Estimations (1983-87), President ISPRS Technical Commission IV Mapping and GIS (1996-2000), Member Board of Trustees GUC (since 2002), Member Board of Directors Leica Geosystems, Heerbrugg, Switzerland (2002-06), Member Apple’s University Education Forum (2006-11), Chairman The ISPRS Foundation (TIF) (2006-2016), EuroSDR Vice President Research (2009-13), Member Scientific Advisory Board Center of Excellence Laser Scanning, Academy of Finland (2014-19), and is Hexagon’s Representative UN-GGIM Private Sector Network (since 2016).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> He organized the ''Photogrammetric Week'' series (1992–2015) and has supervised 40 PhD students at the [[University of Stuttgart]], as well as more than 60 additional doctoral students internationally. His publication record includes over 460 papers and more than 20 books and proceedings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Fritsch {{!}} Institute for Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics {{!}} University of Stuttgart|url=https://www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de/en/institute/team/Fritsch/|access-date=2026-06-10|website=www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de|language=en}}</ref> Fritsch, together with Michael Klein and Jürgen Dold, documented a project that celebrated 100 years of geodetic and photogrammetric innovation at Heerbrugg by 3D-digitizing an iconic WILD T2 theodolite from the 1927 series. The project included the development of an interactive app for Android, iOS, and Windows devices.<ref name=":2" /> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:German academics]] 91tfi7tmr2mohlso16w2nb3ih3xsti5 10882771 10882769 2026-06-10T00:22:38Z ~2026-34186-49 1819394 10882771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dieter Fritsch''' (born May 19, 1950 in [[Gemünden am Main|Gemünden]], [[Westerwaldkreis|Westerwald]], [[Germany]]) is a German geodesist and emeritus professor of photogrammetry and surveying at the [[University of Stuttgart]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Seeger|first=Hartmut|title=Stuttgarter unikurier Nr. 98 Dez 2006 - Leute - Design für Ingenieure - Hartmut Seeger 70|url=https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/presse/archiv/uni-kurier/uk98/leute/lt104a.html|access-date=2026-05-29|website=www.uni-stuttgart.de}}</ref> He served as Rector of the University of Stuttgart from 2000 to 2006 and has been a researcher in the fields of photogrammetry,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Towards All-in-one Photogrammetry|url=https://www.gim-international.com/content/article/towards-all-in-one-photogrammetry|access-date=2026-05-29|website=www.gim-international.com|language=en}}</ref> GIS, and geospatial sciences for over six decades.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dieter Fritsch zum Rektor der Uni Stuttgart gewählt|url=https://idw-online.de/en/news?print=1&id=18525|website=IDW}}</ref> == Education == In 1969, he obtained his university entrance qualification and studied surveying at Mainz University of Applied Sciences and the [[University of Bonn]], graduating with distinction in 1977. He subsequently worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Theoretical Geodesy, [[University of Bonn]]. In 1982, he received his doctorate with a dissertation on digital signal processing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dieter Fritsch's schedule for Digital Heritage 2018 3rd International Congress & Expo|url=https://digitalheritage2018.sched.com/speaker/dieter.fritsch|access-date=2026-05-29|website=digitalheritage2018.sched.com|language=en}}</ref> In November 1983 he moved to the Chair for Photogrammetry, [[Technical University of Munich]] (TUM) as senior research assistant and lecturer. In 1990, he completed his habilitation at TUM in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and was appointed Privatdozent.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Geospatial World Forum Speaker: Trainer, Prof. Dr. Dieter Fritsch,Emeritus Professor, University of Stuttgart, Germany|url=https://geospatialworld.net/gwf/2022/speakers-bio.asp?id=gwf2022A00331|access-date=2026-05-29|website=geospatialworld.net}}</ref> == Academic Career == From June 1992 to March 2016, Fritsch was Full Professor at the [[University of Stuttgart]], where he served as Director of the Institute for Photogrammetry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stuttgarter unikurier Nr. 97 Mai 2006 - Studieren und Lernen - Weiteres Internet-Café eröffnet|url=https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/presse/archiv/uni-kurier/uk97/studieren/sl35.html|access-date=2026-05-29|website=www.uni-stuttgart.de}}</ref> He chaired the Surveying Studies Commission (1992–1994), was Dean of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Surveying (1994–1996), and led the Coordination Office for Academic Continuing Education from 1995-2000.<ref name=":0" /> He became Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs (1998–2000). On October 1, 2000, Fritsch served as Rector of the [[University of Stuttgart]] for a six-year term. He was elected by the Grand Senate, receiving 31 votes against 16 for the other candidate. During his tenure, he also chaired the Baden-Württemberg State Rectors' Conference (2002–2004).<ref name=":1" /> == Awards == * International Association of Geodesy Fellow (1987) <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Dieter Fritsch|url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/906392/bio|website=Loop}}</ref> * MeDiDaPrix Winner (2005) with eLearning Concept [[University of Stuttgart]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Geospatial World Forum Speaker: , Prof. Dr. Dieter Fritsch,UNGGIM-PSN Hexagon Representative, Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, University of Stuttgart, Germany|url=https://geospatialworld.net/gwf/2018/speakers-bio.asp?id=gwf2018A0061|access-date=2026-06-10|website=geospatialworld.net}}</ref> * Honorary Alumni [[University of Stuttgart]] (2006)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dr. Hans Dieter Fritsch {{!}} Author {{!}} Institute for Photogrammetry, University of Stuttgart, Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24D, D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany|url=https://sciprofiles.com/profile/384104|access-date=2026-06-10|website=sciprofiles.com}}</ref> * Honorary Professor [[Wuhan University]], Wuhan, China (2007)<ref name=":1" /> * ISPRS Fellow (2012)<ref name=":4" /> * Honorary Member ESNC Jury Baden Wuerttemberg (2016)<ref name=":5" /> * Member Sudeten German Academy of Sciences and Arts, Munich (2018)<ref name=":3" /> * Bohnenberger Award (2023).<ref name=":1" /> == Research == Fritsch’s research spans photogrammetry, geographic information systems (GIS), computer vision, computer graphics, statistical inference, signal processing, laser scanning, augmented reality, and virtual reality. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gong|first=K.|last2=Fritsch|first2=D.|date=2016-06-01|title=A DETAILED STUDY ABOUT DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL GENERATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE STEREO IMAGERY|url=http://www.isprs-ann-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/III-1/69/2016/isprs-annals-III-1-69-2016.pdf|journal=ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences|language=en|volume=III-1|pages=69–76|doi=10.5194/isprsannals-III-1-69-2016|issn=2194-9050}}</ref> He was appointed leader for the following research and industrial bodies: Chairman IAG WG 4.60 Statistical Models and Estimations (1983-87), President ISPRS Technical Commission IV Mapping and GIS (1996-2000), Member Board of Trustees GUC (since 2002), Member Board of Directors Leica Geosystems, Heerbrugg, Switzerland (2002-06), Member Apple’s University Education Forum (2006-11), Chairman The ISPRS Foundation (TIF) (2006-2016), EuroSDR Vice President Research (2009-13), Member Scientific Advisory Board Center of Excellence Laser Scanning, Academy of Finland (2014-19), and is Hexagon’s Representative UN-GGIM Private Sector Network (since 2016).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> He organized the ''Photogrammetric Week'' series (1992–2015) and has supervised 40 PhD students at the [[University of Stuttgart]], as well as more than 60 additional doctoral students internationally. His publication record includes over 460 papers and more than 20 books and proceedings.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Fritsch {{!}} Institute for Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics {{!}} University of Stuttgart|url=https://www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de/en/institute/team/Fritsch/|access-date=2026-06-10|website=www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de|language=en}}</ref> Fritsch, together with Michael Klein and Jürgen Dold, documented a project that celebrated 100 years of geodetic and photogrammetric innovation at Heerbrugg by 3D-digitizing an iconic WILD T2 theodolite from the 1927 series. The project included the development of an interactive app for Android, iOS, and Windows devices.<ref name=":2" /> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:German academics]] qzej5x6n2onodo6h41t2ovrecpadszl 0 1269846 10882856 10876101 2026-06-10T02:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = Dunn 1 26.jpg | image_size = | caption = Dunn with the Kraken on January 26, 2024 | position = [[Defenceman|Defence]] | shoots = Left | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|10|29}} | birth_place = [[Peterborough, Ontario|Peterborough]], [[Ontario]] | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 0 | weight_lb = 200 | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | team = [[Seattle Kraken]] | former_teams = [[St. Louis Blues]] | draft = 56th overall | draft_year = 2015 | draft_team = [[St. Louis Blues]] | career_start = 2016 | career_end = }} '''Vince Dunn''' (born October 29, 1996) is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] professional [[ice hockey]] [[defenceman]]. He currently plays for the [[Seattle Kraken]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He has also played for the [[St. Louis Blues]]. Dunn is a one-time [[Stanley Cup]] champion, winning with Blues in [[2019 Stanley Cup Final|2018]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Dunn played three seasons with the [[Niagara IceDogs]] of the [[Ontario Hockey League]] (OHL). He was invited to play in the [[CHL/NHL Top Prospects Game]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ontariohockeyleague.com/icedogs-knott-and-dunn-look-ahead-to-bmo-chl-nhltop-prospects-game/|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=IceDogs Knott and Dunn look ahead to BMO CHL/NHLTop Prospects Game|publisher=[[Niagara IceDogs]]}}</ref> He was drafted 56th overall by the [[St. Louis Blues]] in the [[2015 NHL entry draft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/other/dunn-deal-everything-you-need-to-know-about-blues-2015-draft-picks|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Dunn deal: Everything you need to know about Blues' 2015 draft picks|publisher=[[Fox Sports]]}}</ref> On September 24, 2015, Dunn signed a three-year, $2.77 million entry-level contract to join the Blues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blues.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=780437|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Dunn Signs 3-Year Entry-Level Deal|publisher=[[St. Louis Blues]]|archive-date=September 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926141122/http://blues.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=780437|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> He was sent down to play for their [[American Hockey League|AHL]]-affiliate [[Chicago Wolves]]. On October 4, 2017, the Blues called him up and Dunn made his NHL debut in a 5–4 overtime win against the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/st-louis-blues-pittsburgh-penguins-game-recap/c-291589114|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Blues survive rally by Penguins, win in overtime in opener|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> On October 12, Dunn scored his first NHL goal against [[Roberto Luongo]] in a 5–2 loss to the [[Florida Panthers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/blues/news/my-turn-a-dream-come-true-291884830|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=My Turn: A dream come true|publisher=St. Louis Blues}}</ref> He helped the Blues when they went on a run in the [[2019 Stanley Cup playoffs|playoffs]]. They defeated the [[Winnipeg Jets]], [[Dallas Stars]], and [[San Jose Sharks]]. They went on to defeat the [[Boston Bruins]] four games to three in the [[2019 Stanley Cup Final|Final]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/st-louis-blues-boston-bruins-game-7-recap/c-307776644|accessdate=January 22, 2026|title=Blues win Stanley Cup for first time, defeat Bruins in Game 7 of Final|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> On August 6, 2021, the Blues left Dunn unprotected and he was selected by the [[Seattle Kraken]] in the [[2021 NHL expansion draft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/kraken/news/seattle-kraken-2021-expansion-draft-running-blog-325707088|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Seattle Kraken Make Their Picks|publisher=[[Seattle Kraken]]}}</ref> On August 6, Dunn signed a two-year, $8 million contract to stay with the Kraken.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/kraken/news/kraken-vince-dunn-agree-to-contract/c-325925260|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Kraken, Vince Dunn Agree to Contract|publisher=Seattle Kraken}}</ref> On July 21, 2023, Dunn signed a four-year, $29.4 million contract to stay with the Kraken.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/kraken/news/vince-dunn-signs-four-year-contract-345404868|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=It's Dunn!|publisher=Seattle Kraken}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunn, Vince}} [[Category:1996 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen]] [[Category:Chicago Wolves players]] [[Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario]] [[Category:Niagara IceDogs players]] [[Category:Seattle Kraken players]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Peterborough, Ontario]] [[Category:St. Louis Blues players]] [[Category:Stanley Cup champions]] lknvllz7kk0ynfmdfqy7gx0yqs2blk2 0 1269847 10882899 10876102 2026-06-10T03:37:15Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ice hockey player | image = Vladislav Namestnikov 2015-03-24.jpg | image_size = | caption = Namestnikov during his time with the Lightning on 24 March 2015 | position = [[Winger (ice hockey)|Winger]] | shoots = Left | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|11|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast|Voskresensk]], Russia | height_ft = 5 | height_in = 11 | weight_lb = 181 | league = [[National Hockey League|NHL]] | team = [[Winnipeg Jets]] | former_teams = [[Tampa Bay Lightning]]<br>[[New York Rangers]]<br>[[Ottawa Senators]]<br>[[Colorado Avalanche]]<br>[[Detroit Red Wings]]<br>[[Dallas Stars]] | ntl_team = RUS | draft = 27th overall | draft_year = 2011 | draft_team = [[Tampa Bay Lightning]] | career_start = 2009 | career_end = }} '''Vladislav Yevgenievich Namestnikov''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|Владислав Евгеньевич Наместников}}; born October 29, 1992) is a Russian professional [[ice hockey]] [[Winger (ice hockey)|winger]]. He currently plays for the [[Winnipeg Jets]] of the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). He has also played for the [[Tampa Bay Lightning]], [[New York Rangers]], [[Ottawa Senators]], [[Colorado Avalanche]], [[Detroit Red Wings]], and [[Dallas Stars]]. ==Career== Before playing in the NHL, Namestnikov played two seasons with the [[London Knights]] of the [[Ontario Hockey League]] (OHL). He was drafted 27th overall by the [[Tampa Bay Lightning]] in the [[2011 NHL entry draft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2011/06/24/tampa-bay-lightning-selects-with-the-27th-pick-of-the-draft-center-vladislav-namestnikov/|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Tampa Bay Lightning selects with the 27th pick of the draft center Vladislav Namestnikov|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Times]]}}</ref> On 13 March 2012, Namestnikov signed a three-year entry-level contract to join the Lightning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lightning.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=622054|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Lightning Sign Forward Vladislav Namestnikov|publisher=Bolts Reporter}}</ref> He was sent down to play for their [[American Hockey League|AHL]]-affiliate [[Syracuse Crunch]]. On 9 October 2010, the Lightning called him up and Namestnikov made his NHL debut in a 4–2 win against the [[Detroit Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/sports/hockey/lightning/lightnings-namestnikov-grows-into-the-game/2205632/|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Lightning's Namestnikov grows into NHL|publisher=Tampa Bay Times}}</ref> On 13 October 2014, Namestnikov recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a [[Victor Hedman]] goal and later in the third period, he scored his first NHL goal against [[Dustin Tokarski]] in a 7–1 win against the [[Montreal Canadiens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/habs-lose-first-game-of-season-to-stamkos-bolts/|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Habs lose first game of season to Stamkos, Bolts|publisher=[[Sportsnet]]}}</ref> On 17 July 2015, Namestnikov signed a one-year, $874,125 contract to stay with the Lightning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lightning.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=775129&navid|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Lightning re-sign Vladislav Namestnikov and Luke Witkowski|publisher=[[Tampa Bay Lightning]]|archive-date=July 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722054210/http://lightning.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=775129&navid|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> On 15 January 2016, Namestnikov recorded his first NHL career [[hat-trick]] in a 5–4 overtime win against the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/nhl/namestnikov-completes-hat-trick-in-ot-as-lightning-beat-penguins/|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Namestnikov completes hat trick in OT as Lightning beat Penguins|publisher=Sportsnet}}</ref> On 26 July, Namestnikov signed a two-year, $3.875 million contract to stay with the Lightning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/sports/pro/2016/07/27/lightning-re-sign-namestnikov-to-2-year-3875-million-deal/27418003007/|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Lightning re-sign Namestnikov to 2-year, $3.875 million deal|publisher=[[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]]}}</ref> On 26 February 2018, the Lightning traded Namestnikov along with [[Libor Hajek]], [[Brett Howden]], a [[2018 NHL entry draft|2018]] first-round draft pick, and a [[2019 NHL entry draft|2019]] conditional second-round draft pick to the [[New York Rangers]] in exchange for [[Ryan McDonagh]] and a [[J. T. Miller]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/rangers/news/rangers-acquire-namestnikov-hajek-howden-2018-1st-rd-pick--2019-pick/c-296390380|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Rangers Acquire Namestnikov, Hajek, Howden, 2018 1st Rd. Pick & 2019 Pick|publisher=[[New York Rangers]]}}</ref> On 1 July, Namestnikov signed a two-year contract to stay with the Lightning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/rangers/news/rangers-agree-to-terms-with-vladislav-namestnikov/c-299375126|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Rangers Agree to Terms With Vladislav Namestnikov|publisher=New York Rangers}}</ref> He played parts of three seasons with the Rangers. On 7 October 2019, the Rangers traded Namestnikov to the [[Ottawa Senators]] in exchange for [[Nick Ebert]] and a [[2021 NHL entry draft|2021]] fourth-round draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/senators/news/senators-acquire-forward-vladislav-namestnikov-from-the-ny-rangers/c-309863944|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Senators acquire forward Vladislav Namestnikov from the N.Y. Rangers|publisher=[[Ottawa Senators]]}}</ref> He scored 13 goals and recorded 12 assists for 25 points in 54 regular season games during his time for the Senators. On 24 February 2020, the Senators traded Namestnikov to the [[Colorado Avalanche]] in exchange for a [[2021 NHL entry draft|2021]] fourth-round draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/vladislav-namestnikov-traded-to-colorado-avalanche/c-315473874?tid=278542340|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Namestnikov, Hutchinson traded to Avalanche by Senators, Maple Leafs|publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> He played 21 total games with the Avalanche. On 11 October 2020, Namestnikov signed a two-year, $4 million contract to join the [[Detroit Red Wings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/redwings/news/namestnikov-agrees-to-terms-with-detroit/c-319425984|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Namestnikov agrees to terms with Detroit|publisher=[[Detroit Red Wings]]}}</ref> He played two seasons with the Red Wings. On 21 March 2022, the Wings traded Namestnikov to the [[Dallas Stars]] in exchange for a [[2024 NHL entry draft|2024]] fourth-round draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/stars/news/dallas-stars-acquire-forward-vladislav-namestnikov-from-detroit-for-20-332090664|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Stars acquire forward Vladislav Namestnikov from Detroit|publisher=[[Dallas Stars]]}}</ref> He scored 3 goals and recorded 2 assists in 15 regular season games, as well as, scoring 1 goal and recording 1 assist in 7 playoff games. On 13 July 2022, Namestnikov signed a one-year, $2.5 million contract to return to the Tampa Bay Lightning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/lightning/news/tampa-bay-lightning-sign-forward-vladislav-namestnikov-to-one-year-contract/c-334960518|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Lightning sign F Vladislav Namestnikov to one-year contract|publisher=Tampa Bay Lightning}}</ref> He scored 6 goals and recorded 9 assists for 15 points in 57 regular season games in his return to the Lightning. On 1 March 2023, the Lightning traded Namestnikov to the [[San Jose Sharks]] in exchange for [[Mikey Eyssimont]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/sharks/news/sharks-acquire-center-vladislav-namestnikov-from-tampa-bay/c-341690380|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Sharks Acquire Center Vladislav Namestnikov From Tampa Bay|publisher=[[San Jose Sharks]]}}</ref> He never played a game for the Sharks. Two days later on 3 March, the Sharks traded Namestnikov to the [[Winnipeg Jets]] in exchange for a [[2025 NHL entry draft|2025]] fourth-round draft pick.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/jets/news/jets-acquire-forward-vladislav-namestnikov-from-the-san-jose-sharks/c-341787324|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Jets acquire forward Vladislav Namestnikov from the San Jose Sharks|publisher=[[Winnipeg Jets]]}}</ref> On 1 July 2023, Namestnikov signed a two-year, $4 million contract to stay with the Jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/jets/news/jets-sign-forward-vladislav-namestnikov-to-a-two-year-contract-345166868|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Jets sign forward Vladislav Namestnikov to a two-year contract|publisher=Winnipeg Jets}}</ref> On 22 February 2025, Namestnikov signed a two-year, $6 million contract to stay with the Jets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhl.com/jets/news/namestnikov-signs-two-year-extension|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Jets sign forward Vladislav Namestnikov to a two-year contract extension|publisher=Winnipeg Jets}}</ref> ==Personal life== Namestnikov's father [[Evgeny Namestnikov|Evgeny]] was also a professional hockey player, playing six seasons in the NHL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprovince.com/sports/hockey/nhl/vancouver-canucks/son-of-former-canuck-farmhand-namestnikov-providing-scoring-punch-for-lightning|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Son of former Canuck farmhand Namestnikov providing scoring punch for Lightning|publisher=[[The Province]]}}</ref> His uncles [[Vyacheslav Kozlov]] and [[Ivan Novoseltsev]] were also NHL players, with Kozlov winning the Stanley Cup twice and Novoseltsev playing five seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/2023/11/01/hockey-in-namestnikovs-blood|accessdate=May 31, 2026|title=Nov 2023: Jets' versatile forward latest in family to make a living playing shinny|publisher=[[Winnipeg Free Press]]}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == *{{icehockeystats}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Namestnikov, Vladislav}} [[Category:1992 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Colorado Avalanche players]] [[Category:Dallas Stars players]] [[Category:Detroit Red Wings players]] [[Category:London Knights players]] [[Category:New York Rangers players]] [[Category:Ottawa Senators players]] [[Category:Russian ice hockey centres]] [[Category:Syracuse Crunch players]] [[Category:Tampa Bay Lightning players]] [[Category:Winnipeg Jets players]] rlwsps0wokqqnjeatjyhn3sa5eajcht 4 1269936 10882366 10876675 2026-06-09T14:39:02Z Ferien 1011873 close 10882366 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="boilerplate" style="background-color: #EDEAFF; padding: 0px 10px 0px 10px; border: 1px solid #8779DD;"> :''The following discussion is closed. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not modify it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive top--> ---- {{deleted|[[WP:SOFTDELETE]]}} --[[User:Ferien|Ferien]] <small>([[User talk:Ferien|talk]] <nowiki>|</nowiki> [[User:Ferien/TBA|join TBA!]])</small> 14:39, 9 June 2026 (UTC) === Diddler === :{{lc|Diddler}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Diddler|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Diddler}} open RfD subpage]</span> :{{lc|The Diddler}} Ravensfire ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Neither of these are mentioned in the article, not found on en wiki. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 20:48, 1 June 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''20:48, 8 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> ---- :''The above discussion is preserved as an [[Help:Archiving a talk page|archive]]. <span style="color:red">'''Please do not change it.'''</span> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page, such as the current discussion page. No more changes should be made to this discussion.''<!-- from Template:Archive bottom --></div> a6nia0x4y6h9z6unudn27pfa7elvdpu 0 1270064 10882947 10877623 2026-06-10T05:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Wafula Oguttu | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|12|21|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Butaleja]], [[Uganda]] | citizenship = Uganda | alma_mater = [[Beijing Language Institute]]<br/>[[Beijing University]]<br/>[[University of Dar es Salaam]]<br/>[[University of Cardiff]] | occupation = [[Journalist]], [[Politician]] | years_active = 1987 — present | known_for = | title = former [[Leader of Opposition (Uganda)|Leader of the Opposition]] in Parliament }} '''Phillip Wafula Oguttu''' (born 21 December 1952) is a Ugandan journalist and politician. He was a member of the [[Parliament of Uganda]] from 2011 to 2016 representing Bukhooli County Central, which is an area in the [[Bugiri District]] of Eastern Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-21|title=Wafula Oguttu sets off storm in Parliament|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/wafula-oguttu-sets-off-storm-in-parliament-1581640|access-date=2026-06-02|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> He belongs to an opposition political party called the [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC), and he has worked as the spokesperson for the party. He was the [[Leader of Opposition (Uganda)|Leader of the Opposition]] in Parliament from January 2014 until June 2016, leading all the political groups that were not part of the ruling government.<ref>{{cite web|last=Etukuri|first=Charles|date=3 February 2014|title=Wafula Oguttu New Leader of Opposition|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=652021&CatID=1|accessdate=2026-06-03|newspaper=[[New vision]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Bikala|first=Moses|date=19 February 2016|title=Wafula Oguttu exits Parliament|work=New Vision|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1417597/parliament-leader-opposition-wafula-ogutu-loses-bukooli-seat|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="Home">{{cite web|last=Musobya|first=Asuman|date=4 May 2012|title=Bukhooli MP In Latrines-for-Coffee Seedlings Drive|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Bukhooli-MP-in-latrines-for-coffee-seedlings-drive/-/688334/1399048/-/1016165z/-/index.html|accessdate=21 April 2015|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] (Kampala)|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119225618/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Bukhooli-MP-in-latrines-for-coffee-seedlings-drive/-/688334/1399048/-/1016165z/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Before he became a politician, Oguttu helped start the ''[[Daily Monitor]],'' a popular, private newspaper written in English in Uganda. == Early life and education == Oguttu went to school in different countries. He studied the Chinese language at the Beijing Language Institute. He then went to [[Beijing University]], where he got a degree in literature and political economy. He also studied communication skills in the [[Swahili language]] at the [[University of Dar es Salaam]] in [[Tanzania]], and studied [[journalism]] at the [[University of Cardiff]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=EDRIS KIGGUNDU & SULAIMAN KAKAIRE|title=The Observer|url=http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=29939:will-oguttu-deliver-as-leader-of-opposition|access-date=2026-06-02|website=www.observer.ug|language=en-gb}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Stub}} == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oguttu, Wafula}} [[Category:1952 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Ugandan journalists]] [[Category:Ugandan politicians]] 5g915081ws8stlxz6gswidd9kscb1i3 10 1270577 10882313 10880933 2026-06-09T13:59:23Z Werner100359 106408 10882313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Austrian Ladies Cup | title = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup]] seasons | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | list1 = '''No Cup in the 1988-89, 1991-92, 2019-20 and 2020-21 seasons.''' '''ÖFB-Frauen-Fußball-Cup (organized by the [[Vienna Football Association]]):'''<br> * [[1972- 73 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1972-73]] * [[1973- 74 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1973- 74]] * [[1974- 75 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1974-75]] * [[1975- 76 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1975-76]] * [[1975- 76 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1975-76]] * [[1976- 77 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1976-77]] * [[1977- 78 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1977-78]] * [[1978- 79 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1978-79]] * [[1979- 80 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1979-80]] * [[1980- 81 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1980-81]] * [[1981-82 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1981-82]] * [[1982- 83 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1982-83]] * [[1983- 84 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1983-84]] * [[1984- 85 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1984-85]] * [[1985- 86 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1985-86]] * [[1986- 87 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1986-87]] * [[1987- 88 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1987-88]] * [[1989- 90 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1989-90]] * [[1990-91 Austrian Women's Football Cup |1990-91]] '''ÖFB-Ladies-Cup (organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]):''' * [[1992- 93 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1992-93]] * [[1993- 94 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1993-94]] * [[1994- 95 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1994-95]] * [[1995- 96 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1995-96]] * [[1996- 97 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1996-97]] * [[1997- 98 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1997-98]] * [[1998- 99 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1998-99]] * [[1999- 00 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1999-00]] * [[2000-01 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2000-01]] * [[2001-02 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2001-02]] * [[2002-03 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2002-03]] * [[2003-04 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2003-04]] * [[2004-05 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2004-05]] * [[2005-06 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2005-06]] * [[2006-07 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2006-07]] * [[2007-08 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2007-08]] * [[2008-09 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2008-09]] * [[2009-10 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2009-10]] * [[2010-11 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2010-11]] * [[2011-12 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2011-12]] * [[2012-13 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2012-13]] * [[2013-14 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2013-14]] * [[2014-15 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2014-15]] * [[2015-16 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2015-16]] * [[2016-17 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2016-17]] * [[2017-18 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2017-18]] * [[2018-19 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2018-19]] * [[2021-22 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2021-22]] * [[2022-23 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2022-23]] * [[2023-24 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2023-24]] * [[2024-25 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2024-25]] * [[2025-26 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2025-26]] * [[2026-27 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2026-27]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Austrian Cup|τ]] [[Category:Sports navigational boxes]] </noinclude> honq93r2wlnqkey074229787zrxqjw6 0 1270599 10882581 10881168 2026-06-09T19:47:17Z Dansatter 1817707 deleted birthdate 10882581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tom Wistrcill''' is an American athletics administrator who has served as the Commissioner of the [[Big Sky Conference]] since 2018. ==Early Life and Education== The son of two high school coaches, Wistrcill graduated from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Crosse_Central_High_School La Crosse Central High School] in [[La Crosse, Wisconsin]], in 1988. He then attended [[Saint Mary's University of Minnesota]], where he was a four-year starter and senior captain of the men's basketball team while earning a bachelor's degree in Media Communications in 1992. Wistrcill later received a Master of Arts in Educational Leadership, Athletic Administration from the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_St._Thomas_(Minnesota)|University University of St. Thomas (Minnesota)]. ==Career== Wistrcill has extensive experience at all three levels of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) -- as a [[NCAA Division III|Division III]] student-athlete, a [[NCAA Division II|Division II]] commissioner twice, and in Division I as a senior administrator for two [[Big Ten Conference]] athletic departments, a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision|Football Bowl Subdivision]] (FBS) athletic director, and a [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision|Football Championships Subdivision]] (FCS) commissioner. At the beginning of his career, Wistrcill served as the commissioner of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sun_Intercollegiate_Conference Northern Sun Intercollegiate] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Athletic_Conference Rocky Mountain Athletic] conferences. He worked for both the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]] and the [[University of Minnesota]] athletics departments. He then served as the athletic director for the [[University of Akron]] from 2009 until 2015, during which the [[:en:2010_Akron_Zips_men's_soccer_team|2010 Zips men's soccer team]] won the national championship. After Akron and prior to the Big Sky, he served as a senior vice president for Learfield Communications. Wistrcill was named commissioner of the Big Sky on Nov. 16, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wistrcill Named Big Sky Conference Commissioner|url=https://bigskyconf.com/news/2018/11/16/general-wistrcill-named-big-sky-commissioner.aspx|access-date=2026-06-07|website=bigskyconf.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2020 he received a two-year extension to his original five-year deal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BIG SKY COMMISSIONER TOM WISTRCILL RECEIVES CONTRACT EXTENSION|url=https://bigskyconf.com/news/2020/12/2/general-big-sky-commissioner-tom-wistrcill-receives-contract-extension.aspx|access-date=2026-06-07|website=bigskyconf.com|language=en}}</ref> In 2025 he received a five-year contract extension that carries through the 2029-30 academic year.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-07|title=Big Sky Commissioner Tom Wistrcill Receives Contract Extension|url=https://bigskyconf.com/news/2025/7/7/general-big-sky-commssioner-tom-wistrcill-receives-contract-extension.aspx|access-date=2026-06-07|website=bigskyconf.com|language=en}}</ref> Wistrcill was selected to serve on the NCAA [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_basketball_tournament_selection_process|NCAA Men's Basketball Selection Committee] for a five-year term that began in September 2022. He was named Vice President of the Collegiate Commissioners Association in June 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-26|title=Big Sky's Wistrcill Named CCA Vice President|url=https://bigskyconf.com/news/2025/6/26/general-big-skys-wistrcill-named-cca-vice-president.aspx|access-date=2026-06-07|website=bigskyconf.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Personal Life== Wistrcill and his wife, Kelly, have two children, J.T. and Jack.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tom Wistrcill - Staff Directory|url=https://bigskyconf.com/staff-directory/tom-wistrcill/30|access-date=2026-06-07|website=bigskyconf.com|language=en}}</ref> icp35p1vi9exxwuy9sqojtevjg907ij 0 1270657 10882434 10881217 2026-06-09T16:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 532461 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 10882434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox protected area | name = Trairão National Forest | alt_name = Floresta Nacional do Trairão | iucn_category = VI | image = | image_alt = | image_caption = | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = [[Itaituba]], Pará | coordinates = {{coords|-4.907|-55.545|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|257526|ha}} | designation = [[National Forest (Brazil)|National forest]] | created = 13 February 2006 | administrator = [[Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation]] }} '''Trairão National Forest''' ({{langx|pt|Floresta Nacional do Trairão}}) is a [[National Forest (Brazil)|national forest]] in Brazil. It is in the state of [[Pará]]. It has a large [[Amazon rainforest]] and [[biodiversity|many living things]]. It is a sustainable use conservation unit. This means people are allowed to come to the forest to do things, for example cut down trees for wood. But they must follow special rules. The government made these rules to stop illegal [[deforestation|forest cutting]]. ==Place== [[File:Tapajos conservation units.svg|thumb|290px|Sketch map of Tapajos basin conservation units:<br>13. Trairão National Forest]] The forest is in parts of the Tapajós and [[Xingu River|Xingu]] river basins.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=9}} The Trairão National Forest has {{convert|257526|ha}} of Amazonia [[biome|place]] in it. It was made a protected place on February 13, 2006. The federal [[Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation]] runs it.{{sfn|Floresta Nacional do Trairão – Chico Mendes}} Parts of the town places of [[Trairão]] (69.2%), [[Rurópolis]] (22.0%) and [[Itaituba]] (8.8%) in the state of Pará are in the forest.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=4}} The main towns nea nearby are Trairão, Itaituba, Rurópolis, and [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]]. This forest is next to the [[Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve]] to the east and the [[Jamanxim National Park]] to the south.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=7}} The forest is named after the Trairão town, which is named after the trairão (''[[Hoplias lacerdae]]'') fish.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=10}} 260,905 people live near the forest.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=7}} The forest is near 12 other sustainable use conservation areas and 6 fully protected areas. The fully protected areas, which are {{convert|6,670,422|ha}} in size together, are the [[Amazônia National Park|Amazônia]], [[Jamanxim National Park|Jamanxim]], [[Rio Novo National Park|Rio Novo]], and [[Serra do Pardo National Park|Serra do Pardo]] national parks, the [[Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve]], and the [[Terra do Meio Ecological Station]].{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=12}} The sustainable use areas are the Tapajós environmental protection area, the [[Altamira National Forest|Altamira]], [[Amaná National Forest|Amaná]], [[Jamanxim National Forest|Jamanxim]], Trairão, [[Itaituba I National Forest|Itaituba I]], [[Itaituba II National Forest|Itaituba II]] and [[Tapajós National Forest|Tapajós]] national forests. Together, they are {{convert|7,555,889|ha}} in size.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=12}} ==Roads and rivers== People go to the forest on roads from the BR-163 highway, which is west of the forest.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=7}} People can come from Itaituba may by boat along the [[Tapajós River]], which runs further to the west. The boat ride from Santarém to Itaituba takes 15 hours. The main waterways in the park are the [[Branco River (Trairão)|Branco]], [[Itapacurá River|Itapacurá]], and [[Cuparí River|Cuparí]] rivers.{{sfn|Pedroza|Vasconcelos Ribeiro|Almeida|2010|p=3}} Although there are many rivers and streams, people can only use boats on a few of them. The others are not deep enough, or have too many dangerous places.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=9}} ==Environment== The average altitude is {{convert|51|m}}. The average annual rainfall is about {{convert|2000|mm}}, with a cooler rainy season in December to May and warmer dry season from June to November. The annual temperature is {{convert|25|to|28|C}}.{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=200}} Vegetation is 70% rainforest with plants close together and 30% rainforest with plants further apart.{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=200}} The forest has waterfalls, [[igapó]] flooded forest, and stream forest, which means many different living things can live there.{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=203–205}} A short study of [[herpetofauna|reptiles and amphibians]] in two parts of the forest in September 2009 recorded 94 species of amphibians and reptiles: There were 35 species of amphibian, four species of turtle, the [[smooth-fronted caiman]], 23 species of lizard, and 31 species of snake.{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=200–201}}{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=201}} 64 species of fish have been found in the park. They are in the families [[Characiformes]] (33), [[Siluriformes]] (16), [[Perciformes]] (7) [[Gymnotiformes]] (6), [[Cyprinodontiformes]] (1), and [[Synbranchiformes]] (1).{{sfn|Pedroza|Vasconcelos Ribeiro|Almeida|2010|p=5}} ==Conservation== The Management Plan for the forest was published in March 2010. It said that people cut down trees even though this was against the law, took things away from the forest even though this was against the law, hunted, fished, built farms, and made roads.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=i}} The Trairão National Forest is a [[IUCN protected area categories|IUCN protected area category]] VI. This means that people can go there to get things to use, but they must follow rules. This way, people will be able to use things, for example [[timber|wood]], from the forest for many years, and scientists will be able to study things there.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}}{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=205}} The forest was created so there would be less [[deforestation|destruction of forests]] in the Amazon and to stop the [[Biodiversity loss|loss of living things]] from logging, [[monoculture|farms with only one plant]], illegal farming, and cattle.{{sfn|Pedroza|Vasconcelos Ribeiro|Almeida|2010|p=3}} People would cut down the rainforest to make places for cows to eat grass. This was bad for the animals that already lived in the forest, because they need [[humidity|water in the air]] to live.{{sfn|Mendes-Pinto|Souza|2011|p=201}} The area accessible from BR-163 had already lost 10.4% of its forest, and the ecosystems were broken into pieces.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=16}} People also hope that the multiple-use forest will make more jobs for people who live nearby.{{sfn|Plano de Manejo|p=11}} ==Notes== {{notes}} {{reflist|30em}} ==Sources== {{refbegin}} *{{citation|ref={{harvid|Floresta Nacional do Trairão – Chico Mendes}}|language=Portuguese|title=Floresta Nacional do Trairão|publisher=[[Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation]]|url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/unidadesdeconservacao/biomas-brasileiros/amazonia/unidades-de-conservacao-amazonia/1965-flona-do-trairao|accessdate=2016-05-18|archive-date=2019-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711081647/http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/unidadesdeconservacao/biomas-brasileiros/amazonia/unidades-de-conservacao-amazonia/1965-flona-do-trairao|url-status=dead}} *{{citation|journal=Salamandra|volume=47|issue=4|date=20 November 2011|ISSN=0036-3375|last1=Mendes-Pinto|last2=Souza|first1=Telêmaco Jason|first2=Sergio Marques de|title=Preliminary assessment of amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional do Trairão, with a new snake record for the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon|url=http://www.salamandra-journal.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=261&Itemid=72|accessdate=2016-05-19|archive-date=2016-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918200612/http://www.salamandra-journal.com/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=261&Itemid=72|url-status=dead}} *{{citation|title=Ictiofauna da Porção Oeste da Floresta Nacional do Trairão – Bases para a Conservação e Manejo |last1=Pedroza|last2=Vasconcelos Ribeiro|last3=Almeida|first1=Wellington Silva |first2=Frank Raynner |first3=Fabiane Ferreira de |work=Anais do I Seminário Internacional de Ciências do Ambiente e Sustentabilidade na Amazônia|year=2010 |url=http://seminariodoambiente.ufam.edu.br/2010/anais/rn30.pdf|accessdate=2016-05-19}} *{{citation|ref={{harvid|Plano de Manejo}}|location=Brasília – DF|title=Plano de Manejo da Floresta Nacional do Trairão, Localizada no Estado do Pará|publisher=[[ICMBio]]|url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/imgs-unidades-coservacao/flona_trairao.pdf|accessdate=2016-05-19|archive-date=2017-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211075518/http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/imgs-unidades-coservacao/flona_trairao.pdf|url-status=dead}} *{{citation|ref={{harvid|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}}|language=Portuguese |title=Unidade de Conservação: Floresta Nacional do Trairão|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=265|accessdate=2016-05-18}} {{refend}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Trairao National Forest}} [[Category:Brazil]] 0nsupwmbcv5e4li99mddr6xkokr1gxw 0 1270731 10882341 10881828 2026-06-09T14:27:02Z ~2026-32488-75 1813658 10882341 wikitext text/x-wiki The Dacia Duster Pick-Up is the "[[Pickup truck|bed]]" version of the [[Dacia Duster]], produced by [[Dacia]] since [[2020]] in 2 generations, the second in [[2024]]. The Duster Pick-Up replaces the [[Dacia Logan|Dacia Logan Pick-Up]] and, as is tradition, is derived from the Dacia Duster.<gallery> File:Dacia Duster Pick-Up.jpg|Firts generation File:Dacia Duster Mk3 Pick-Up.jpg|Second generation </gallery> == External links == <ref>{{Cite web|last=Redazione|date=2026-06-09|title=Dacia Duster in versione pick-up: la proposta rumena per chi lavora|url=https://www.lautomobile.aci.it/attualita/dacia-duster-in-versione-pick-up-la-proposta-rumena-per-chi-lavora/|access-date=2026-06-09|website=L'Automobile|language=it-IT}}</ref> 31p3qmue79dl5comfjujqdy9oqeaj3q 0 1270750 10882455 10882109 2026-06-09T16:47:49Z Werner100359 106408 /* Final */ 10882455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup]] | season = 2021 -22 | dates = 24 October 2021 - 4 June 2022 | winners = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] 8th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 143 | league topscorer = Bernadett Zagor, Mária Mikolajová, Sophie Maierhofer (5 goals) | prevseason = Cancelled due to Corona | nextseason = [[2022-23 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2022-23]] }} The '''2021-22 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 46th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The final took place at the Arena in [[Amstetten]]. SKN St. Pölten Women won the cup for the 8th consecutive time after the cancellations in the last two seasons. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_frauen_cup__2021_22.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SV Angerberg | '''SV Innsbruck''' |0-2 |- |FC Dornbirn | '''FC Bergheim''' |2-3 |- |Rot-Weiß Rankweil | '''SG SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland''' |0-1 |- | SC Melk | ''' SKV Altenmarkt''' |0-6 |- | '''SV Horn''' |USC Neulengbach |1-0 |- | SV Krenglbach |'''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-5 |- | FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf |'''SKN St. Pölten''' |1-11 |- | Wiener Sport-Club | '''First Vienna FC''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Carinthians Hornets ''' | Wildcats Krottendorf |3-2 |- | FC Altera Porta | '''FK Austria Wien''' |0-7 |- |Ladies Preding | '''Union Geretsberg''' |0-2 |- | '''SPG Union Kleinmüchen/Blau-Weiß Linz''' |FC Südburgenland |1-0 |- |USVg Großrußbach | '''USC Landhaus''' |2-10 |- | SG Tennengau | '''FC Waacker Innsbruck''' |0-9 |- |'''ASV Schrems''' | SKV Altenmarkt |1-0 |- |SV Wernberg | '''LUV Graz''' |0-2 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |LUV Graz | '''FK Austria Wien''' |0-3 |- |'''SV Horn''' | SKV Altenmarkt |2-1 |- |Union Geretsberg | '''FC Bergheim''' |0-1 |- | Weikersdorfer SV |'''SK Sturm Graz ''' |0-6 |- |Carinthians Hornets | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-5 |- |SPG U. Kleinmüchen/BW Linz | '''SG SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland''' |0-5 |- | SV Innsbruck | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |1-9 |- USC Landhaus | '''First Vienna FC''' |0-9 |} ==='''Bold text'''Quarterfinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |FK Austria Wien | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-0<br>a.e.t. 2-4 pen. |- |FC Bergheim |'''SG SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland''' |1-4 |- | '''SKN St. Pölten''' | FC Wacker Innsbruck |4-0 |- | '''SV Horn ''' | First Vienna FC |2-2<br>a.e.t. 5-3 pen. |} ===Semifinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | SG SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |1-6 |- | SV Horn |''' SK Sturm Graz''' | 0-5 |} ===Final === <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/spiele/2022/20220604sturskn_0.htm Austria Soccer]</ref> {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SK Sturm Graz | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-2 |} *'''Goals:'''Brunnthaler (42.) Hickelsberger-Füller (45.+5 ) *'''Yellow card:'''Tragl (68.); Meyer (92.) *'''Referee:'''Olivia Tschon *'''Venue:'''Stadion, Amstetten *'''Attendence:''' 350 *'''SK Sturm Graz:''' Mariella El Sherif- Julia Magerl - Anna Malle - Stefanie Großgasteiger - Michaela Croatto (91. Klara Lukic)- Julia Keutz (85. Katharina Weiß) - Annabel Schasching (C) - Sarah Schiemel (46. Jasmin Reichmann) - Leonie Christin Tragl - Andrea Glibo - Anna Wirnsberger (72. Kathrin Greimelmaier) '''Coach:'''Christian Lang *'''SKN St. Pölten:'''Isabella Kresche - Nicole Sauer - Malgorzata Grec - Adina Hamidovic (9. Stefanie Enzinger-67. Claudia Wenger) - Julia Tabotta (C) - Anna Bereuter (67. Mateja Zver) - Maria Mikolajova - Isabelle Meyer - Jennifer Klein - Julia Hickelsberger-Füller - Melanie Brunnthaler '''Coach:'''Celia Liese Brancao-Riberio {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:2021–22 in European football]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] 7esfwougmq3vesxgw1rsqx8m3gyfjh0 0 1270753 10882868 10882147 2026-06-10T02:58:09Z Koqkpa 1203320 /* Research activities */ 10882868 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory''' is an American [[Astronomy|astronomical]] [[observatory]]. The observatory is located near [[Amado, Arizona|Amado]], [[Arizona]], on the very top of [[Mount Hopkins]]. [[File:Mount_Hopkins_Santa_Rita_Mountains_AZ_USA.10247.jpg|thumb|The observatory is on top of Mount Hopkins]] The observatory is owned and controlled by the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]] (SAO). The observatory is the largest field installation of SAO outside of their main site in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts|Massachussets]]. ==Research activities== The '''observatory''' does research like imaging and [[spectroscopy]] of [[Extragalactic planet|extragalactic]], [[Star system|stellar]], [[Solar System|solar system]] and [[Extrasolar planet|extra-solar]] [[Astronomical bodies|bodies]]. It also does research in [[Gamma ray|gamma-ray]] and [[Cosmic ray|cosmic-ray]]. == History == In the year 1996, roads were made at the site with money for the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]] Mt. Hopkins Observatory. The Whipple 10 [[metre]] gamma-ray telescope was constructed in 1968. The '''observatory''' was first known as the Mount Hopkins Observatory. It was renamed later in 1981 in honor of [[Fred Lawrence Whipple]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://pweb.cfa.harvard.edu/facilities-technology/cfa-facilities/fred-lawrence-whipple-observatory-mt-hopkins-az|title= Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory – Mt Hopkins, AZ|publisher= Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics|access-date= September 17, 2024}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Astronomical observatories]] 0qotyvnufchoeobr1059ps957mz5b4m 0 1270757 10882323 10882215 2026-06-09T14:08:52Z ~2026-32488-75 1813658 meno collegamento 10882323 wikitext text/x-wiki The Toyota Aygo X is a passenger [[Automobile|car]] produced by [[Toyota]] since [[2022]]. [[File:Toyota Aygo X 1X7A0303.jpg|thumb|Front]] == Engine == The Aygo X replaces the [[Toyota Aygo|Aygo]], in [[Italy]] it is available with a single 72 HP (53 [[Watt|kW]]) [[Gasoline|petrol]] [[engine]], with a 1.0 and a VVT-i engine, as well as the S-CVT [[Transmission|automatic transmission]]. <gallery> File:Toyota Aygo X 1X7A0300.jpg|Rear File:2022 Toyota Aygo X Limited Edition 1.0 (Interior).png|Interior (Limited Edition) </gallery> == Installations == * Active * Trend * Lounge * Limited * Trend Air * Lounge Air * Limited Air * Undercover * JBL <gallery> File:2022 Toyota Aygo X Limited Edition 1.0 (Front).png|Limited Edition (front) File:2022 Toyota Aygo X Limited Edition 1.0 (Rear).png|Limited Edition (rear) </gallery> == Restyling == In [[2025]], an update for the Aygo X changes the front end, with slimmer headlights, and a new rear light pattern. Inside, a new driver display. [[Hybrid vehicle|Hybrid]] versions are also added, with two additional trims: Premium and GR Sport.<gallery> File:Toyota Aygo X Hybrid IMG 4581 (cropped).jpg|Restyling 2025 (front) File:Toyota Aygo X Hybrid IMG 5997.jpg|Restyling 2025 (rear) File:Toyota Aygo X Hybrid Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3720.jpg|Restyling 2025 (interior) </gallery> == Other projects == <ref>{{Cite web|title=Listino TOYOTA Aygo X Prezzo e Configuratore Allestimenti|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/listino/toyota/aygo-x|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Listino TOYOTA Aygo X (2022-2026) prezzo, caratteristiche tecniche e accessori|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/tutte-le-auto/toyota/aygo-x|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref> {{Commons category-inline|Toyota Aygo X}} == External links == [https://www.toyota.it/?srsltid=AfmBOopobrlc0mjepiJ7slhxZhOciLKVx4535lHhjuWWslNCl6uX1MdP https://www.toyota.it] ckiur9qzhz6l4t7c65wimeglveiqmvy 0 1270760 10882324 10882210 2026-06-09T14:09:23Z ~2026-32488-75 1813658 meno collegamento 10882324 wikitext text/x-wiki The Toyota C-HR+ is a [[Coupe SUV|coupé-SUV]] produced by [[Toyota]] since [[2025]]. [[File:Toyota C-HR+ Teamplayer – f 05042026.jpg|thumb|Front]] == Story == The "+" stands for Plus, and should not be confused with the [[Toyota C-HR|C-HR]]. The C-HR+ has an [[electric motor]]. <gallery> File:Toyota C-HR+ Teamplayer – h 05042026.jpg|Rear File:Toyota C-HR+ Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3408.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Installations == * C-HR+ * Icon * Premium == Derivation == The Subaru Uncharted is derived from the Toyota C-HR+, differing in just a few details.<gallery> File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3435.jpg|Front File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3071.jpg|Rear File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3440.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Other projects == <ref>{{Cite web|last=contatto|first=Primo|date=2026-03-19|title=Test - Toyota C‑HR+, l’elettrico che convince: spazio, equilibrio e oltre 600 km di autonomia|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/primo_contatto/2026/03/19/toyota_c-hr-.html|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=contatto|first=Primo|date=2025-10-11|title=Primo test - Subaru Uncharted, elettrica tuttofare - VIDEO|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/primo_contatto/2025/10/11/subaru_uncharted_2026_dimensioni-_interni-_4x4-_motori-_uscita.html|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref> {{Commons category-inline|Toyota C-HR+}} {{Commons category-inline|Subaru Uncharted}} == External links == [https://www.toyota.it/?srsltid=AfmBOoraO0NrOsxaPSwBmB31Ucc3j-Y-bvUa7OPHPUi10JKGX4kbOuz_ https://www.toyota.it] 1pnfcwnb1wtg0ru7vjih4taaior16ex 10882417 10882324 2026-06-09T15:52:54Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Subary Uncharted */ 10882417 wikitext text/x-wiki The Toyota C-HR+ is a [[Coupe SUV|coupé-SUV]] produced by [[Toyota]] since [[2025]]. [[File:Toyota C-HR+ Teamplayer – f 05042026.jpg|thumb|Front]] == Story == The "+" stands for Plus, and should not be confused with the [[Toyota C-HR|C-HR]]. The C-HR+ has an [[electric motor]]. <gallery> File:Toyota C-HR+ Teamplayer – h 05042026.jpg|Rear File:Toyota C-HR+ Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3408.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Installations == * C-HR+ * Icon * Premium == Subary Uncharted == The Subaru Uncharted is a rebadged Toyota C-HR+, differing in just a few details.<gallery> File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3435.jpg|Front File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3071.jpg|Rear File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3440.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Other projects == <ref>{{Cite web|last=contatto|first=Primo|date=2026-03-19|title=Test - Toyota C‑HR+, l’elettrico che convince: spazio, equilibrio e oltre 600 km di autonomia|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/primo_contatto/2026/03/19/toyota_c-hr-.html|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=contatto|first=Primo|date=2025-10-11|title=Primo test - Subaru Uncharted, elettrica tuttofare - VIDEO|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/primo_contatto/2025/10/11/subaru_uncharted_2026_dimensioni-_interni-_4x4-_motori-_uscita.html|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref> {{Commons category-inline|Toyota C-HR+}} {{Commons category-inline|Subaru Uncharted}} == External links == [https://www.toyota.it/?srsltid=AfmBOoraO0NrOsxaPSwBmB31Ucc3j-Y-bvUa7OPHPUi10JKGX4kbOuz_ https://www.toyota.it] 70qy0qes0xbfhx1ckax7j1ybpvnkech 10882425 10882417 2026-06-09T16:03:02Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Toyota C-HR+ Teamplayer – f 05042026.jpg|thumb|Front]] The '''Toyota C-HR+''' is an Compact [[crossover SUV]] produced by [[Toyota]] since [[2025]]. == Story == The C-HR+ was previewed by the BZ compact SUV concept first shown in 2022.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=A Nod to the Near Future: Toyota bZ Compact SUV Concept Revealed in U.S. |date=2022-11-17 |publisher=Toyota |location=US |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/a-nod-to-the-near-future-toyota-bz-compact-suv-concept-revealed-in-u-s/ |access-date=2022-11-17}}</ref> it was then first unveiled in March 2025, and launched in October in [[Europe]].<ref name="CarExpert-2025-03-12">{{cite news |url=https://www.carexpert.com.au/car-news/2026-toyota-c-hr-new-electric-suv-wears-a-familiar-name |title=2026 Toyota C-HR+: New electric SUV wears a familiar name |first=William |last=Stopford |work=CarExpert |location=Australia |date=2025-03-12 |access-date=2025-03-12}}</ref><ref name="Car-and-Driver-2025-03-12">{{cite news |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a64073797/toyota-c-hr-plus-ev-revealed/ |title=Toyota C-HR+ Slots Below the bZ4X and Grows the Brand's EV Lineup |first=Joe |last=Lorio |work=Car and Driver |location=US |date=2025-03-12 |access-date=2025-03-12}}</ref> The "+" stands for Plus, and should not be confused with the normal Toyota C-HR. The C-HR+ is available only as an [[electric vehicle]]. <gallery> File:Toyota C-HR+ Teamplayer – h 05042026.jpg|Rear File:Toyota C-HR+ Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3408.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Trims == * C-HR+ * Icon * Premium == Subaru Uncharted == The '''Subaru Uncharted''' is a rebadged Toyota C-HR+, sold by [[Subaru]] differing in just a few details such as the slopping rear line.<ref name="uncharted">{{cite news |last=Anderson |first=Brad |date=2025-07-18 |title=Subaru's New Uncharted Is Like An All-Electric Crosstrek |url=https://www.carscoops.com/2025/07/subarus-new-uncharted-is-like-an-all-electric-crosstrek/ |work=Carscoops |location=US |access-date=2025-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=contatto|first=Primo|date=2025-10-11|title=Primo test - Subaru Uncharted, elettrica tuttofare - VIDEO|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/primo_contatto/2025/10/11/subaru_uncharted_2026_dimensioni-_interni-_4x4-_motori-_uscita.html|access-date=2026-06-09|website=Quattroruote.it|language=it}}</ref> <gallery> File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3435.jpg|Front File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3071.jpg|Rear File:Subaru Uncharted Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3440.jpg|Interior </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:Toyota automobiles|C-HR+]] [[Category:Subaru automobiles|Uncharted]] [[Category:battery electric vehicles]] [[Category:sport utility vehicles]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Toyota C-HR+}} {{Commons category-inline|Subaru Uncharted}} rqplmzxax8q98w6i9ivdrd16uralch4 0 1270765 10882265 2026-06-09T11:59:30Z Darkfrog24 508885 Created page with "{{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image =Tungara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus).jpg | status =LC | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Engystomops pustulosus | authority = (Cope, 1864) | range_map = |synonyms=*''Paludicola pustulosa'' Cope, 1864 *''Bufo stentor'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 *''Bufo (Microphryne) pustulosus'' Peters, 1873 *''Microphryne pustulosa'' Cope, 1875 "1876" *''Peralaimos stentor'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 *''Microphry..." 10882265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image =Tungara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus).jpg | status =LC | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Engystomops pustulosus | authority = (Cope, 1864) | range_map = |synonyms=*''Paludicola pustulosa'' Cope, 1864 *''Bufo stentor'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 *''Bufo (Microphryne) pustulosus'' Peters, 1873 *''Microphryne pustulosa'' Cope, 1875 "1876" *''Peralaimos stentor'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 *''Microphryne (Paludicola) pustulosa'' Sumichrast, 1880 *''Engystomops pustulosus'' Boulenger, 1882 *''Engystomops stentor'' Boulenger, 1882 *''Eupemphix stentor'' Boulenger, 1888 *''Eupemphix pustulosa'' Boulenger, 1888 *''Eupemphix trinitatis'' Boulenger, 1889 *''Bufo atrigularis'' Werner, 1899 *''Eupemphix ruthveni'' Netting, 1930 *''Eupemphix pustulosa trinitatis'' Parker, 1933 *''Eupemphix pustulosus trinitatis'' Lynn, 1959 *''Eupemphix pustulosus ruthveni'' Rivero, 1961 *''Physalaemus pustulosus'' Lynch, 1970 *''Bufo strigularis'' Gorham, 1974 *''Physalaemus pustulosus ruthveni'' Hoogmoed and Gorzula, 1979 | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} The '''Tungara frog''' or '''sapito Túngara''' (''Engystomops pustulosus'') is a [[frog]]. It lives as far north as [[Mexico]] and as far south as [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Guyana]]. It lives in [[Belize]], [[Costa Rica]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Panama]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], and [[Nicaragua]].<ref name=AMNH>{{BioRef|ASW6 |title=''Engystomops pustulosus'' (Cope, 1864) |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leiuperinae/Engystomops/Engystomops-pustulosus |access-date=June 3, 2026}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb |title=''Engystomops pustulosus'' (Cope, 1864) |author1= |editor1= |date= |language= |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/3414 |access-date=June 3, 2026}}</ref><ref name=IUCN>{{cite IUCN |title=Tungara Frog: ''Engystomops pustulosus'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/57272/53969023 |page=e.T57272A53969023 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T57272A53969023.en |id=57272 |year=2023 |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group|author2=Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna |accessdate=June 3, 2026}}</ref> ==Home== This frog lives in forests, edges of forests, and [[savannah|grassy places]] and in places that people have changed. People see the frog near human-made ponds and puddles. Scientists have seen it between {{convert|0| and |1540|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. Scientists have seen the frog in protected places.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Young== These frogs have young in pools of water. The female frogs lay eggs in the same places as each other.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Danger== Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is [[Least concern|not in danger]] of dying out. There are many protected places in its home and it is good at living in places that people have changed.<ref name=IUCN /> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Frogs of South America]] {{Taxonbar|from1=Q1895136|from2=Q140136439}} {{biology-stub}} m9isq5x0fdb8xdysevpn7yxexwsb85z 10882266 10882265 2026-06-09T11:59:50Z Darkfrog24 508885 10882266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italictitle}} {{Speciesbox | image =Tungara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus).jpg | status =LC | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN/> | status_system = IUCN3.1 | taxon = Engystomops pustulosus | authority = (Cope, 1864) | range_map = |synonyms=*''Paludicola pustulosa'' Cope, 1864 *''Bufo stentor'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 *''Bufo (Microphryne) pustulosus'' Peters, 1873 *''Microphryne pustulosa'' Cope, 1875 "1876" *''Peralaimos stentor'' Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 *''Microphryne (Paludicola) pustulosa'' Sumichrast, 1880 *''Engystomops pustulosus'' Boulenger, 1882 *''Engystomops stentor'' Boulenger, 1882 *''Eupemphix stentor'' Boulenger, 1888 *''Eupemphix pustulosa'' Boulenger, 1888 *''Eupemphix trinitatis'' Boulenger, 1889 *''Bufo atrigularis'' Werner, 1899 *''Eupemphix ruthveni'' Netting, 1930 *''Eupemphix pustulosa trinitatis'' Parker, 1933 *''Eupemphix pustulosus trinitatis'' Lynn, 1959 *''Eupemphix pustulosus ruthveni'' Rivero, 1961 *''Physalaemus pustulosus'' Lynch, 1970 *''Bufo strigularis'' Gorham, 1974 *''Physalaemus pustulosus ruthveni'' Hoogmoed and Gorzula, 1979 | synonyms_ref=<ref name=AMNH /> }} The '''Tungara frog''' or '''sapito Túngara''' (''Engystomops pustulosus'') is a [[frog]]. It lives as far north as [[Mexico]] and as far south as [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], and [[Guyana]]. It lives in [[Belize]], [[Costa Rica]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Panama]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], and [[Nicaragua]].<ref name=AMNH>{{BioRef|ASW6 |title=''Engystomops pustulosus'' (Cope, 1864) |url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Leptodactylidae/Leiuperinae/Engystomops/Engystomops-pustulosus |access-date=June 3, 2026}}</ref><ref name=Amph>{{BioRef|amphibiaweb |title=''Engystomops pustulosus'' (Cope, 1864) |author1= |editor1= |date= |language= |url=https://amphibiaweb.org/species/3414 |access-date=June 3, 2026}}</ref><ref name=IUCN>{{cite IUCN |title=Tungara Frog: ''Engystomops pustulosus'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/57272/53969023 |page=e.T57272A53969023 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T57272A53969023.en |id=57272 |year=2023 |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group|author2=Instituto Boitatá de Etnobiologia e Conservação da Fauna |accessdate=June 3, 2026}}</ref> ==Home== This frog lives in forests, edges of forests, and [[savannah|grassy places]] and in places that people have changed. People see the frog near human-made ponds and puddles. Scientists have seen it between {{convert|0| and |1540|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. Scientists have seen the frog in protected places.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Young== These frogs have young in pools of water. The female frogs lay eggs in the same places as each other.<ref name=IUCN /> ==Danger== Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is [[Least concern|not in danger]] of dying out. There are many protected places in its home and it is good at living in places that people have changed.<ref name=IUCN /> ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Frogs of South America]] {{Taxonbar|from1=Q1895136}} {{biology-stub}} 9fmw63br5lel2ohhjmy9g1gs03gzj8w 0 1270766 10882268 2026-06-09T12:06:14Z 10Bugs 1717639 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358413121|Nishkarsh Dixit]]" 10882268 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == === Television === gdf18althdk8ftw4j9ftuqb0s2i5q7y 10882269 10882268 2026-06-09T12:07:39Z 10Bugs 1717639 10882269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == === Television === hoqo1erkd33xnn6lv428mjo1pw1t7no 10882270 10882269 2026-06-09T12:08:38Z 10Bugs 1717639 /* Filmography */ 10882270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[Dance India Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[India's Got Talent season 6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} 38ozeqgoq19bjje0cxoac96x82lw7gf 10882271 10882270 2026-06-09T12:09:11Z 10Bugs 1717639 /* Filmography */ 10882271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[Dance India Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[India's Got Talent season 6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == 7rde4cktbn6q3q2wudbzxoxfjswnvku 10882272 10882271 2026-06-09T12:10:01Z 10Bugs 1717639 /* Filmography */ 10882272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[Dance India Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[India's Got Talent season 6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[Yeh Meri Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == 6njcyp5hic0gbdnhbz3oyifjkpx6rqs 10882273 10882272 2026-06-09T12:10:17Z 10Bugs 1717639 added [[Category:Living people]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[Dance India Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[India's Got Talent season 6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[Yeh Meri Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == [[Category:Living people]] 05zv44tt03am9hoscj78czll2uqkhxj 10882274 10882273 2026-06-09T12:10:31Z 10Bugs 1717639 added [[Category:Indian actors]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[Dance India Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[India's Got Talent season 6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[Yeh Meri Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian actors]] dtaaqflyo7kayg686pk4acfr5m2vrn8 10882275 10882274 2026-06-09T12:10:45Z 10Bugs 1717639 added [[Category:Child actors]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[Dance India Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[India's Got Talent season 6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[Bhakharwadi (TV series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[Yeh Meri Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian actors]] [[Category:Child actors]] suqn5jz8krmzv30s7akpybzrd064api 10882276 10882275 2026-06-09T12:11:47Z 10Bugs 1717639 /* Filmography */ 10882276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[:en:Dance_India_Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[:en:India's_Got_Talent_season_6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[:en:Sankat_Mochan_Mahabali_Hanumaan|Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[:en:Agnifera|Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[:en:Mere_Sai_–_Shraddha_Aur_Saburi|Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[:en:Punyashlok_Ahilyabai|Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[:en:Happu_Ki_Ultan_Paltan|Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[Yeh Meri Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian actors]] [[Category:Child actors]] rc6escxmdg721tsubui66iccsz3j4xc 10882277 10882276 2026-06-09T12:12:26Z 10Bugs 1717639 /* Webseries */ 10882277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[:en:Dance_India_Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[:en:India's_Got_Talent_season_6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[:en:Sankat_Mochan_Mahabali_Hanumaan|Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[:en:Agnifera|Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[:en:Mere_Sai_–_Shraddha_Aur_Saburi|Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[:en:Punyashlok_Ahilyabai|Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[:en:Happu_Ki_Ultan_Paltan|Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[:en:Jagga_Jasoos|Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian actors]] [[Category:Child actors]] nc13aeuxdu9jaro66w7uog0x2u7qu9p 10882278 10882277 2026-06-09T12:13:04Z 10Bugs 1717639 /* Other websites */ 10882278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nishkarsh Dixit | birth_date = | birth_place = | occupation = Actor | years_active = 2015–present | known_for = ''[[Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' }} '''Nishkarsh Dixit''' is an actor who best known for portraying the title role of the Hindu deity [[:en:Ganesha|Ganesha]] in [[:en:Sony_Television|Sony TV's]] mythological show [[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|''Vighnaharta Ganesh'']].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2023-05-15|title=Remember Nishkarsh Dixit who essayed lord Ganesha in Vighnaharta Ganesh? Here's what he is doing now - Exclusive|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/remember-nishkarsh-dixit-who-essayed-lord-ganesha-in-vighnaharta-ganesh-heres-what-he-is-doing-now-exclusive/articleshow/100256610.cms|access-date=2026-06-06|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In addition to this role, he has appeared as a child artist in [[:en:Sony_SAB|SAB TV's]] slice-of-life comedy drama [[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|''Bhakharwadi'']] as Mandar Gokhale, appearing in the digital web series [[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|''Yeh Meri Family 2'']] as Dabloo, and portraying role in [[:en:Sony_SAB|Sony TV's]] mythological television series ''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' as young [[:en:Kumbhakarna|Kumbhakarna]]. == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2014 |[[:en:Dance_India_Dance|''Dance India Dance Li'l Masters'']] | rowspan="2" |Contestant |S3 | rowspan="2" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |[[:en:India's_Got_Talent_season_6|''India's Got Talent season 10'']] |S6 |- |''[[:en:Sankat_Mochan_Mahabali_Hanumaan|Sankat Mochan Mahabali Hanumaan]]'' |Sanatkumara | |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=Nirbhaya Wadhwa, Sharhaan Singh & Bhupinder Bhoopii to reprise their roles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nirbhaya-wadhwa-sharhaan-singh-bhupinder-bhoopii-to-reprise-their-roles/articleshow/71992804.cms |access-date=2026-06-06 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[:en:Agnifera|Agnifera]]'' |Young Anurag | | |- |''[[:en:Vighnaharta_Ganesha|Vighnaharta Ganesha]]'' |[[Ganesha|Lord Ganesh]] |Lead |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajesh |first=Srividya |date=2023-11-29 |title=Exclusive: Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit bags Shrimad Ramayan on Sony TV |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-bags-shrimad-ramayan-on-sony-tv/2023/11/29 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IWMBuzz |first=Team |date=2019-01-30 |title=Working in Vighnaharta Ganesh has taught me a lot about Vedas: Nishkarsh Dixit |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/celebrities/working-vighnaharta-ganesh-taught-lot-vedas-nishkarsh-dixit/2019/01/30 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[:en:Mere_Sai_–_Shraddha_Aur_Saburi|Mere Sai – Shraddha Aur Saburi]]'' |Raghunath | | |- |2019–2020 |''[[:en:Bhakharwadi_(TV_series)|Bhakharwadi]]'' |Mandar Gokhale | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suthar |first=Manisha |date=2019-02-01 |title=Nishkarsh Dixit and Kreshaa Sanjay Shah in SAB TV's Bhakarwadi |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/nishkarsh-dixit-kreshaa-sanjay-shah-sab-tvs-bhakarwadi/2019/02/01 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[:en:Punyashlok_Ahilyabai|Punyashlok Ahilyabai]]'' | | | rowspan="3" |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |- |2024 |''[[:en:Shrimad_Ramayan|Shrimad Ramayan]]'' |Young [[Kumbhakarna]] | |- |2026 |''[[:en:Happu_Ki_Ultan_Paltan|Happu Ki Ultan Paltan]]'' |Monty | |} === Webseries === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role !Notes !Ref. |- |2018 |''[[:en:Yeh_Meri_Family|Yeh Meri Family 2]]'' |Dabloo |Season 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vighnaharta Ganesh fame Nishkarsh Dixit to make his digital debut with Juhi Parmar |url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/vighnaharta-ganesh-fame-nishkarsh-dixit-to-make-his-digital-debut-with-juhi-parmar_196727 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=India Forums |language=en}}</ref> |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2017 |''[[:en:Jagga_Jasoos|Jagga Jasoos]]'' |Unknown |{{Citation needed|date=June 2026}} |} == References == <references /> == Other websites == * {{IMDb name|id=nm12953227}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian actors]] [[Category:Child actors]] h4owqbs93r70170l7v7wmlm29pw2eo1 0 1270767 10882280 2026-06-09T12:20:43Z ~2026-32488-75 1813658 Created page with "This is a page of the following [[Geely]] models produced in [[Italy]], they are listed in a list, each box must contain a source. == Models == * [[Geely EX5|EX5]] (In production from [[2025]]) <ref>{{Cite web|title=La Geely EX5 arriva nelle concessionarie|url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/geely-ex5-arriva-nelle-concessionarie-407809|access-date=2026-06-09|website=www.alvolante.it|language=it-IT}}</ref> * [[Geely Starray EM-i|Starray EM-i]] (In production from [[2025]..." 10882280 wikitext text/x-wiki This is a page of the following [[Geely]] models produced in [[Italy]], they are listed in a list, each box must contain a source. == Models == * [[Geely EX5|EX5]] (In production from [[2025]]) <ref>{{Cite web|title=La Geely EX5 arriva nelle concessionarie|url=https://www.alvolante.it/news/geely-ex5-arriva-nelle-concessionarie-407809|access-date=2026-06-09|website=www.alvolante.it|language=it-IT}}</ref> * [[Geely Starray EM-i|Starray EM-i]] (In production from [[2025]]) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Geely Starray ibrida plug-in (2026), la prova dei consumi reali|language=it|work=Motor1.com|url=https://it.motor1.com/reviews/785784/geely-starray-ibrida-plug-in-2026-consumi/|access-date=2026-06-09}}</ref> * [[Geely EX2|EX2]] (It will be in production from [[2026]]) <ref>{{Cite web|last=Vendrame|first=Filippo|date=2026-02-07|title=Geely EX2 sta arrivando, l'elettrica più venduta in Cina si prepara alla sfida dell'Europa|url=https://www.hdmotori.it/geely-ex2-2026-caratteristiche-interni-motori-prezzo/|access-date=2026-06-09|website=HDmotori.it|language=it}}</ref> == External links == 24d7m7035wikv5bebikkv37h70qpxbh 1 1270768 10882291 2026-06-09T12:48:43Z ~2026-34005-72 1819058 /* 1971 WAR BANGLAA DEASH UNITED NATION MEMBER FORCE B Y BHUTOO DESPITE CONTROL INDIAN ARMY POLICE ALL OFFICIAL FACE OF INDIAN ARMY OR TROOPS IN INDIAN ARMY FACE TO POWER POLICE INDIAN ARMY OFFICIAL ----PAKISTAN PEOPLE LOST GIFT PRODUCT OF BANGALAA DEASH ----SACK WHEAT PAATSAAN ----CURTAIN PAAT SAAN IN COLUR EMBROIDERY IN PAAT SAAN ON WHITE COLOUR PEOPLE EVERY DOOR WINDOW OR IN HOT SUMMER SESSION WITH WATER WETS EVERY AFTER ONE HOUR AIR CROSS IT OR ENTER ROOMS LIKE AIR CONDITIONER OR FRAGRANC... 10882291 wikitext text/x-wiki == 1971 WAR BANGLAA DEASH UNITED NATION MEMBER FORCE B Y BHUTOO DESPITE CONTROL INDIAN ARMY POLICE ALL OFFICIAL FACE OF INDIAN ARMY OR TROOPS IN INDIAN ARMY FACE TO POWER POLICE INDIAN ARMY OFFICIAL ----PAKISTAN PEOPLE LOST GIFT PRODUCT OF BANGALAA DEASH ----SACK WHEAT PAATSAAN ----CURTAIN PAAT SAAN IN COLUR EMBROIDERY IN PAAT SAAN ON WHITE COLOUR PEOPLE EVERY DOOR WINDOW OR IN HOT SUMMER SESSION WITH WATER WETS EVERY AFTER ONE HOUR AIR CROSS IT OR ENTER ROOMS LIKE AIR CONDITIONER OR FRAGRANCES OF PAAT SAAN PLANT TOUCHES SOUL--TEA SACHAA LIPTION ONLY TEN PISAA ----STUDENT REGISTER STATIONERY MILLION PAPER MAKING FABRICATES OR REGISTER STUDENT TWO TO FIVE RS ----ALL ITEMS BLOCK -----IF YOU SENT REGISTER COPIES BANGALAA DEASH GIFT WE ARE STILL STUDENT LIFE UNIVERSITIES OR YOUR MOTHER BAAN THAT MY ALL FAMILY MA-SCAR BY JINHAA SUPARI -----HOW I SAFELY LIVE LIFE ---GENERATE A KID OF ARMY OFFICIAL COUNCIL HER ---YOU IS ONE OF ARMY OFFICIAL KIN WITH HER -----YOUR BLOOD FATHER JINHAA ------ == '''Bold'''DEAR SIR --AT LEAST FOR STUDENT REGISTER COPIES OR TEA SACHAA STUDENT TO PAKISTAN ---JINHAA FROM PAKISTAN STILL LIVE LIFE ----HOUSE NO-50-A JUDICIAL COLONY PHASE TWO LALLAA ZAAR LAHORE PUNJAB PAKISTAN ---- [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34005-72|&#126;2026-34005-72]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34005-72|talk]]) 12:48, 9 June 2026 (UTC) mrcfk2pg1yorvmpbwvwjpvwofi1pma8 10882292 10882291 2026-06-09T12:49:16Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 Requesting [[WP:QD|quick deletion]] 10882292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{qd|a1|editor=Der-Wir-Ing}}== 1971 WAR BANGLAA DEASH UNITED NATION MEMBER FORCE B Y BHUTOO DESPITE CONTROL INDIAN ARMY POLICE ALL OFFICIAL FACE OF INDIAN ARMY OR TROOPS IN INDIAN ARMY FACE TO POWER POLICE INDIAN ARMY OFFICIAL ----PAKISTAN PEOPLE LOST GIFT PRODUCT OF BANGALAA DEASH ----SACK WHEAT PAATSAAN ----CURTAIN PAAT SAAN IN COLUR EMBROIDERY IN PAAT SAAN ON WHITE COLOUR PEOPLE EVERY DOOR WINDOW OR IN HOT SUMMER SESSION WITH WATER WETS EVERY AFTER ONE HOUR AIR CROSS IT OR ENTER ROOMS LIKE AIR CONDITIONER OR FRAGRANCES OF PAAT SAAN PLANT TOUCHES SOUL--TEA SACHAA LIPTION ONLY TEN PISAA ----STUDENT REGISTER STATIONERY MILLION PAPER MAKING FABRICATES OR REGISTER STUDENT TWO TO FIVE RS ----ALL ITEMS BLOCK -----IF YOU SENT REGISTER COPIES BANGALAA DEASH GIFT WE ARE STILL STUDENT LIFE UNIVERSITIES OR YOUR MOTHER BAAN THAT MY ALL FAMILY MA-SCAR BY JINHAA SUPARI -----HOW I SAFELY LIVE LIFE ---GENERATE A KID OF ARMY OFFICIAL COUNCIL HER ---YOU IS ONE OF ARMY OFFICIAL KIN WITH HER -----YOUR BLOOD FATHER JINHAA ------ == '''Bold'''DEAR SIR --AT LEAST FOR STUDENT REGISTER COPIES OR TEA SACHAA STUDENT TO PAKISTAN ---JINHAA FROM PAKISTAN STILL LIVE LIFE ----HOUSE NO-50-A JUDICIAL COLONY PHASE TWO LALLAA ZAAR LAHORE PUNJAB PAKISTAN ---- [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-34005-72|&#126;2026-34005-72]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-34005-72|talk]]) 12:48, 9 June 2026 (UTC) o2p9u7lfmtbydo9o9yc9rlnd5zw9did 10882387 10882292 2026-06-09T15:06:20Z Barras 40117 Reset talk page with [[:w:simple:User:DannyS712/Reset talk|reset talk]] (version 1.1) 10882387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} 6ujz0t3lkt6jsf7d1r360l6l7wj3njb 3 1270769 10882293 2026-06-09T12:49:18Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Talk:Tarique Rahman]]. 10882293 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Talk:Tarique Rahman== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Tarique Rahman]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page has no meaning. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Tarique Rahman}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#A1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 12:49, 9 June 2026 (UTC) l947imww81nw1oeocx8ktdaui4yib7b 14 1270770 10882299 2026-06-09T13:12:05Z MathXplore 966595 Created page with " {{Monthly clean up category}}" 10882299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Monthly clean up category}} dg5yrvt3bk8js85gnz7hco1c00o8mzn 3 1270771 10882300 2026-06-09T13:12:54Z MathXplore 966595 General note: Creating inappropriate pages. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882300 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made may not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it will shortly be [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 13:12, 9 June 2026 (UTC) pfpe0wbdr5bvf8d31i1ro1kdlrw580a 0 1270772 10882302 2026-06-09T13:31:45Z Simba1997!28 1784326 Created page with "{{Use American English|date=June 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2026}} {{Infobox movie | name = Fanboys | director = [[Kyle Newman]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Dana Brunetti]] * [[Kevin Spacey]] * Matthew Pernicaro * Evan Astrowsky }} | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Ernest Cline]] * [[Adam F. Goldberg]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Ernest Cline * Dan Pulick }} | starring = {{Plainlist| *[[Jay Baruchel]] * [[Dan Fogler]] * Sa..." 10882302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=June 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2026}} {{Infobox movie | name = Fanboys | director = [[Kyle Newman]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Dana Brunetti]] * [[Kevin Spacey]] * Matthew Pernicaro * Evan Astrowsky }} | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Ernest Cline]] * [[Adam F. Goldberg]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Ernest Cline * Dan Pulick }} | starring = {{Plainlist| *[[Jay Baruchel]] * [[Dan Fogler]] * [[Sam Huntington]] * [[Christopher Marquette]] * [[Kristen Bell]] }} | cinematography = [[Lukas Ettlin]] | editing = {{Plainlist| * James Thomas * Seth Flaum }} | music = [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[Trigger Street Productions]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/65886|title=''Fanboys'' (2009)|work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]|accessdate=March 19, 2023}}</ref> * Coalition Film<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[The Weinstein Company]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|2009|02|06}} | runtime = 90 minutes<ref name=afi/> | country = United States<ref name=afi/> | language = English | budget = | gross = $960,828<ref>{{cite web| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fanboys.htm| title=Fanboys (2009)| publisher=Box Office Mojo| access-date=2010-08-13}}</ref> }} '''''Fanboys''''' is an 2009 American [[comedy movie]] created by [[The Weinstein Company]], [[Trigger Street Productions]] and Coalition Film. It stars [[Jay Baruchel]], [[Sam Huntington]], [[Chris Marquette]], and [[Kristen Bell]]. Set in the 1990s, the movie's plotline is about an group of [[Star Wars]] fans who plan to head out on a road trip so that they can break into the [[Skywalker Ranch]] and steal a rough cut of ''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'' (1999) for their terminally ill friend. After its theatrical release in the United States on February 6, 2009, the movie received mixed reviews from [[Metacritic]] and [[Rotten Tomatoes]].<ref name=mc/><ref name=rt/> ==Cast== * [[Jay Baruchel]] as Windows * [[Dan Fogler]] as Harold "Hutch" Hutchinson * [[Sam Huntington]] as Eric Bottler * [[Chris Marquette]] as Linus * [[Kristen Bell]] as Zoe * [[David Denman]] as Chaz * [[Christopher McDonald]] as Chuck "Big Chuck" * [[Billy Dee Williams]] as Judge Reinhold * [[Danny Trejo]] as The Chief * [[Allie Grant]] as Rogue Leader / Kimmy * [[Ethan Suplee]] as [[Harry Knowles]] * [[Seth Rogen]] as Admiral Seasholtz / Alien / Roach * [[Isaac Kappy]] as Garfunkel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2019/05/15/thor-actor-isaac-kappy-dies-after-jumping-off-arizona-bridge/3687012002/|title='Thor' actor Isaac Kappy dies in Arizona at age 42|last=Khalaj|first=Gabriella|date=May 15, 2019|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=May 4, 2020}}</ref> There are numerous [[Cameo appearance|cameos]] related to ''Star Wars'' and other science-fiction/cult-hit films including [[Carrie Fisher]], [[Jason Mewes]], [[Kevin Smith]], [[Jaime King]], [[Danny McBride]], [[Ray Park]], [[Craig Robinson (actor)|Craig Robinson]], [[Joe Lo Truglio]], [[Lou Taylor Pucci]], [[Will Forte]] and [[William Shatner]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0489049}} * {{mojo title|fanboys|Fanboys}} * {{rotten-tomatoes|fanboys|Fanboys}} {{Kyle Newman}} {{Star Wars}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fanboys}} [[Categories:2009 movies]] [[Categories:English-language movies]] [[Categories:2009 comedy movies]] [[Categories:Movies composed by Mark Mothersbaugh]] [[Categories:The Weinstein Company movies]] [[Categories:Movies set in the 1990s]] fgpwduzorcettu1f2mcfxxnya00hccd 10882303 10882302 2026-06-09T13:32:35Z Simba1997!28 1784326 10882303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use American English|date=June 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2026}} {{Infobox movie | name = Fanboys | director = [[Kyle Newman]] | producer = {{Plainlist| * [[Dana Brunetti]] * [[Kevin Spacey]] * Matthew Pernicaro * Evan Astrowsky }} | screenplay = {{Plainlist| * [[Ernest Cline]] * [[Adam F. Goldberg]] }} | story = {{Plainlist| * Ernest Cline * Dan Pulick }} | starring = {{Plainlist| *[[Jay Baruchel]] * [[Dan Fogler]] * [[Sam Huntington]] * [[Christopher Marquette]] * [[Kristen Bell]] }} | cinematography = [[Lukas Ettlin]] | editing = {{Plainlist| * James Thomas * Seth Flaum }} | music = [[Mark Mothersbaugh]] | studio = {{Plainlist| * [[Trigger Street Productions]]<ref name=afi>{{cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/65886|title=''Fanboys'' (2009)|work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]|accessdate=March 19, 2023}}</ref> * Coalition Film<ref name=afi/> }} | distributor = [[The Weinstein Company]]<ref name=afi/> | released = {{Film date|2009|02|06}} | runtime = 90 minutes<ref name=afi/> | country = United States<ref name=afi/> | language = English | budget = | gross = $960,828<ref>{{cite web| url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fanboys.htm| title=Fanboys (2009)| publisher=Box Office Mojo| access-date=2010-08-13}}</ref> }} '''''Fanboys''''' is an 2009 American [[comedy movie]] created by [[The Weinstein Company]], [[Trigger Street Productions]] and Coalition Film. It stars [[Jay Baruchel]], [[Sam Huntington]], [[Chris Marquette]], and [[Kristen Bell]]. Set in the 1990s, the movie's plotline is about an group of ''[[Star Wars]]'' fans who plan to head out on a road trip so that they can break into the [[Skywalker Ranch]] and steal a rough cut of ''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'' (1999) for their terminally ill friend. After its theatrical release in the United States on February 6, 2009, the movie received mixed reviews from [[Metacritic]] and [[Rotten Tomatoes]].<ref name=mc/><ref name=rt/> ==Cast== * [[Jay Baruchel]] as Windows * [[Dan Fogler]] as Harold "Hutch" Hutchinson * [[Sam Huntington]] as Eric Bottler * [[Chris Marquette]] as Linus * [[Kristen Bell]] as Zoe * [[David Denman]] as Chaz * [[Christopher McDonald]] as Chuck "Big Chuck" * [[Billy Dee Williams]] as Judge Reinhold * [[Danny Trejo]] as The Chief * [[Allie Grant]] as Rogue Leader / Kimmy * [[Ethan Suplee]] as [[Harry Knowles]] * [[Seth Rogen]] as Admiral Seasholtz / Alien / Roach * [[Isaac Kappy]] as Garfunkel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2019/05/15/thor-actor-isaac-kappy-dies-after-jumping-off-arizona-bridge/3687012002/|title='Thor' actor Isaac Kappy dies in Arizona at age 42|last=Khalaj|first=Gabriella|date=May 15, 2019|work=[[USA Today]]|access-date=May 4, 2020}}</ref> There are numerous [[Cameo appearance|cameos]] related to ''Star Wars'' and other science-fiction/cult-hit films including [[Carrie Fisher]], [[Jason Mewes]], [[Kevin Smith]], [[Jaime King]], [[Danny McBride]], [[Ray Park]], [[Craig Robinson (actor)|Craig Robinson]], [[Joe Lo Truglio]], [[Lou Taylor Pucci]], [[Will Forte]] and [[William Shatner]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== * {{IMDb title|0489049}} * {{mojo title|fanboys|Fanboys}} * {{rotten-tomatoes|fanboys|Fanboys}} {{Kyle Newman}} {{Star Wars}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fanboys}} [[Categories:2009 movies]] [[Categories:English-language movies]] [[Categories:2009 comedy movies]] [[Categories:Movies composed by Mark Mothersbaugh]] [[Categories:The Weinstein Company movies]] [[Categories:Movies set in the 1990s]] siyiwyfmqh3y2wg7xdtmn95h2g17nei 0 1270774 10882312 2026-06-09T13:56:53Z Werner100359 106408 Created page with "{{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|WFV Frauencup]] | season = 1981-82 | dates = 17 April 1981 - 19 June 1982 | winners = [[DFC Ostbahn XI ]] 3rd title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = | total goals = | league topscorer = | prevseason = [[1980-81 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1980-81]] | nextseason = [[1982-83 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1982-83]] }} The '''1981-82 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the..." 10882312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|WFV Frauencup]] | season = 1981-82 | dates = 17 April 1981 - 19 June 1982 | winners = [[DFC Ostbahn XI ]] 3rd title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = | total goals = | league topscorer = | prevseason = [[1980-81 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1980-81]] | nextseason = [[1982-83 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1982-83]] }} The '''1981-82 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 10th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Vienna Football Association]]. The final took place at the [[Generali Arena (Wien)|Franz-Horr-Stadion]] in [[Vienna]]. DFC Ostbahn XI won the cup for the 3rd time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup_1981_82.html Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === '''Bye:'''SC Nikitsch, USC Halbturn, 1. DFC Leoben {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |DFC Alland/Brunn | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-2 |- |SC Wullersdorf | '''SV Aspern''' |0-4 |- | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |LUV Graz |0-0<br>a.e.t. 2-1 pen. |- | KSV Wiener Berufsschulen | ''' USC Landhaus''' |0-7 |-ASV 13 Wien | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |0-3 |} ===Quarterfinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |USC Halbturn |'''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-4 |- |'''DFC Ostbahn XI''' | SC Nikitsch |3-0<ref>3-0 as SC Nikitsch did not play. </ref> |- | ''' USC Landhaus''' |1. DFC Leoben |2-0 |- | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' | SV Aspern |1-0 |} ===Semifinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |''' USC Landhaus''' |Union Kleinmünchen |2-1 |- |FC Wacker Innsbruck | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |1-5 |} ===Final === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |Union Landhaus |3-2 |} {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] 5swzd99ikonwlokg7p38czox093z45o 10882325 10882312 2026-06-09T14:12:14Z Werner100359 106408 /* Round 1 */ 10882325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|WFV Frauencup]] | season = 1981-82 | dates = 17 April 1981 - 19 June 1982 | winners = [[DFC Ostbahn XI ]] 3rd title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = | total goals = | league topscorer = | prevseason = [[1980-81 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1980-81]] | nextseason = [[1982-83 Austrian Women's Football Cup|1982-83]] }} The '''1981-82 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 10th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Vienna Football Association]]. The final took place at the [[Generali Arena (Wien)|Franz-Horr-Stadion]] in [[Vienna]]. DFC Ostbahn XI won the cup for the 3rd time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup_1981_82.html Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === '''Bye:'''SC Nikitsch, USC Halbturn, 1. DFC Leoben {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |DFC Alland/Brunn | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-2 |- |SC Wullersdorf | '''SV Aspern''' |0-4 |- | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |LUV Graz |0-0<br>a.e.t. 2-1 pen. |- | KSV Wiener Berufsschulen | ''' USC Landhaus''' |0-7 |- |ASV 13 Wien | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |0-3 |} ===Quarterfinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |USC Halbturn |'''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-4 |- |'''DFC Ostbahn XI''' | SC Nikitsch |3-0<ref>3-0 as SC Nikitsch did not play. </ref> |- | ''' USC Landhaus''' |1. DFC Leoben |2-0 |- | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' | SV Aspern |1-0 |} ===Semifinals === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |''' USC Landhaus''' |Union Kleinmünchen |2-1 |- |FC Wacker Innsbruck | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |1-5 |} ===Final === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''DFC Ostbahn XI''' |Union Landhaus |3-2 |} {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] 58gd92jrkvm9g4vvt8zzpkyk5r9mivn 0 1270775 10882314 2026-06-09T13:59:22Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | | title = Office of the Attorney General | image = | caption = | label1 = Formed | data1 = 1953 | label2 = Headquarters | data2 = [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]] | label3 = Leader | data3 = Al-Siddiq Al-Sour | label4 = Website | data4 = [https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly attorneygeneral.gov.ly] }} '''The Attorney General Office''' ({{lang-ar|مكتب النائب العام}}) is the highest legal office for criminal justice in [[Libya]]. It is a very important part of the country's court system. The office works for the people of Libya. Its main job is to investigate crimes and start legal action against people who break the law.<ref>{{Cite web|title=التشريعات الصادرة عن النائب العام - المجمع القانوني|url=https://lawsociety.ly/source/attorney-general/|access-date=2025-10-28|work=lawsociety.ly|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250209044517/https://lawsociety.ly/source/attorney-general/|archive-date=2025-02-09}}</ref> The head of this office is called the [[Attorney general|Attorney General]]. The current Attorney General is Al-Siddiq Al-Sour.<ref>{{Cite web|title=البناء التنظيمي - مكتب النائب العام|url=https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly/organizational-construction/|access-date=2025-10-28|work=attorneygeneral.gov.ly|date=2022-12-13|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250811201418/https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly/organizational-construction/|archive-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> == History and work == The office started in 1953. It gets its power from the main laws of Libya, like the Libyan Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure.<ref>{{Cite web|title=قانون الإجراءات الجنائية|url=https://security-legislation.ly/ar/latest-laws/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9/|access-date=2025-10-28|work=Libya - DCAF Legal Databases|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250906102336/https://security-legislation.ly/ar/latest-laws/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9/|archive-date=2025-09-06}}</ref> The Attorney General is the leader of all prosecutors (the lawyers who try to prove that someone did a crime) in the country. He watches over their work and manages them.<ref name="judiciary_law">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aladel.gov.ly/home/?page_id=275|title=قانون رقم (6) لسنة 2006 بشأن نظام القضاء|website=Libyan Ministry of Justice|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref> After the war in Libya in 2011, the country had many political problems and divisions. However, the Office of the Attorney General in Tripoli stayed together and kept doing its work.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ليبيون يشيدون بإجراءات النائب العام في «مواجهة الفساد»|url=https://aawsat.com/node/3958296|access-date=2025-10-28|work=Asharq Al-Awsat|language=ar}}</ref> Sometimes it is hard for the office to enforce its decisions in some parts of Libya because different groups control different areas of the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الصدّيق الصور.. النائب العام الليبي وسط الصراعات والتوازنات|url=https://www.alarab.co.uk/الصدّيق-الصور-النائب-العام-الليبي-وسط-الصراعات-والتوازنات|access-date=2022-02-15|work=Al Arab|date=2025-10-28|author=Al-Habib Al-Aswad|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220219205744/https://www.alarab.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8I%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%8...%D8%A7%D8%AA|archive-date=2022-02-19}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Government of Libya]] [[Category:1953 establishments]] iqm1ov6as21yhjnofyom3ll26wyqf94 10882315 10882314 2026-06-09T14:00:22Z أوس 1638979 removed [[Category:Government of Libya]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | | title = Office of the Attorney General | image = | caption = | label1 = Formed | data1 = 1953 | label2 = Headquarters | data2 = [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]] | label3 = Leader | data3 = Al-Siddiq Al-Sour | label4 = Website | data4 = [https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly attorneygeneral.gov.ly] }} '''The Attorney General Office''' ({{lang-ar|مكتب النائب العام}}) is the highest legal office for criminal justice in [[Libya]]. It is a very important part of the country's court system. The office works for the people of Libya. Its main job is to investigate crimes and start legal action against people who break the law.<ref>{{Cite web|title=التشريعات الصادرة عن النائب العام - المجمع القانوني|url=https://lawsociety.ly/source/attorney-general/|access-date=2025-10-28|work=lawsociety.ly|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250209044517/https://lawsociety.ly/source/attorney-general/|archive-date=2025-02-09}}</ref> The head of this office is called the [[Attorney general|Attorney General]]. The current Attorney General is Al-Siddiq Al-Sour.<ref>{{Cite web|title=البناء التنظيمي - مكتب النائب العام|url=https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly/organizational-construction/|access-date=2025-10-28|work=attorneygeneral.gov.ly|date=2022-12-13|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250811201418/https://attorneygeneral.gov.ly/organizational-construction/|archive-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> == History and work == The office started in 1953. It gets its power from the main laws of Libya, like the Libyan Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure.<ref>{{Cite web|title=قانون الإجراءات الجنائية|url=https://security-legislation.ly/ar/latest-laws/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9/|access-date=2025-10-28|work=Libya - DCAF Legal Databases|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250906102336/https://security-legislation.ly/ar/latest-laws/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9/|archive-date=2025-09-06}}</ref> The Attorney General is the leader of all prosecutors (the lawyers who try to prove that someone did a crime) in the country. He watches over their work and manages them.<ref name="judiciary_law">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aladel.gov.ly/home/?page_id=275|title=قانون رقم (6) لسنة 2006 بشأن نظام القضاء|website=Libyan Ministry of Justice|access-date=2025-10-28}}</ref> After the war in Libya in 2011, the country had many political problems and divisions. However, the Office of the Attorney General in Tripoli stayed together and kept doing its work.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ليبيون يشيدون بإجراءات النائب العام في «مواجهة الفساد»|url=https://aawsat.com/node/3958296|access-date=2025-10-28|work=Asharq Al-Awsat|language=ar}}</ref> Sometimes it is hard for the office to enforce its decisions in some parts of Libya because different groups control different areas of the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=الصدّيق الصور.. النائب العام الليبي وسط الصراعات والتوازنات|url=https://www.alarab.co.uk/الصدّيق-الصور-النائب-العام-الليبي-وسط-الصراعات-والتوازنات|access-date=2022-02-15|work=Al Arab|date=2025-10-28|author=Al-Habib Al-Aswad|language=ar|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220219205744/https://www.alarab.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%8I%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%8...%D8%A7%D8%AA|archive-date=2022-02-19}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1953 establishments]] sbn2sfl8xn7tp3znp8qooeyl04wgy3r 0 1270776 10882317 2026-06-09T14:05:22Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox| | title = Willem Arondéus | image = [[File:Willem Arondeus.jpg]] | caption = | label1 = Born | data1 = 22 August 1894<br>[[Naarden]], Netherlands | label2 = Died | data2 = 1 July 1943 (aged 48)<br>[[Haarlem]], Netherlands | label3 = Cause of death | data3 = Shot by a firing squad | label4 = Known for | data4 = Artist, writer, and member of the anti-Nazi resistance }} '''Willem Johan Cornelis Arondéus''' (22 August 1894 – 1 July 1943) was a Dutch artist and writer. During [[World War II]], he joined the Dutch movement that fought against the Nazi German occupation. He helped attack and blow up the Amsterdam public records office in 1943. This was done to stop the Nazi secret police (Gestapo) from finding Jewish people and others they wanted to arrest. Arondéus was caught by the Nazis and killed shortly after.<ref name="yad">{{cite web|url=https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?search=Willem%20Arondeus&searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4043044&ind=0|title=The Righteous Among The Nations|website=Yad Vashem: The World Holocaust Remembrance Center}}</ref> Arondéus was openly gay before the war. Before he was killed, he wanted people to know that homosexual people fought bravely against the Nazis. His famous last words were: "Tell people that homosexuals are not cowards." == Early life and art == Willem Arondéus was born in Naarden. He was the youngest son of a fuel trader. He worked as an artist, making posters, paintings, and large wall designs. In 1923, he painted a large picture on a wall inside the Rotterdam City Hall.<ref name="book">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLWTqBmifh0C&q=arondeus&pg=PA131|title=Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History|last1=Van Dijk|first1=Lutz|date=2001|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-15983-0|editor1-last=Aldrich|editor1-first=Robert|location=New York|pages=592|language=en|editor2-last=Wotherspoon|editor2-first=Gary}}</ref> He was not famous and did not make much money from his art. In 1935, he stopped painting and started writing books. He wrote two stories in 1938 and a book about the life of a famous Dutch painter in 1939. == Fighting the Nazis == In 1940, Nazi Germany took control of the Netherlands. Arondéus joined the Dutch resistance movement to fight them. At first, he made a secret newspaper. Later, he worked with other fighters to make fake identity documents. These fake papers helped Jewish people escape from the Nazis.<ref name="yad" /> However, the Nazi police could easily check if the documents were fake by looking at the official lists in the Amsterdam public records office. To stop this, Arondéus and his group made a plan to destroy the building and the papers inside. On 27 March 1943, the group attacked the building. The attack worked well. They blew up the building and destroyed 800,000 identity cards. No one was caught during the attack. == Arrest and death == A few days later, someone told the police about the group. Arondéus was arrested on 1 April 1943. He did not tell the police the names of the other members, but the police found his notebook and arrested most of his group.<ref name="yad" /> Arondéus and 11 other men from the group were sentenced to death. They were shot and killed by a firing squad on 1 July 1943.<ref name="book" /> Before his death, he asked his lawyer to send a message to the world. He wanted everyone to know that gay men were brave and fought the Nazis just like anyone else. == Honors == After the war ended, the government of the Netherlands gave a medal to Arondéus's family to honor his brave work.<ref name="book" /> In 1986, the Holocaust remembrance center Yad Vashem named him "Righteous Among the Nations" for helping save Jewish people during the war.<ref name="yad"/> == Gallery == <gallery> Willem Arondeus - Salome - Metropolitan Museum.jpg|''Salome'', a drawing by Arondéus in 1916 Willem Arondeus on the island of Urk - around 1921.jpg|Arondéus on a holiday in 1921 Willem Arondéus - Purgatorium - Ink and chalk on paper - 41 x 26 cm.jpg|''Purgatory'', art made by Arondéus in 1943 </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arondeus, Willem}} [[Category:1894 births]] [[Category:1943 deaths]] [[Category:Dutch resistance members]] [[Category:Dutch Righteous Among the Nations]] [[Category:Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany]] [[Category:Gay writers]] [[Category:Gay painters]] [[Category:People executed by Nazi Germany by firing squad]] 17eu7378t7j2w9yll5mnqvlwrvny4kk 10882319 10882317 2026-06-09T14:06:40Z أوس 1638979 10882319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox| | title = Willem Arondéus | image = [[File:Willem Arondeus.jpg]] | caption = | label1 = Born | data1 = 22 August 1894<br>[[Naarden]], Netherlands | label2 = Died | data2 = 1 July 1943 (aged 48)<br>[[Haarlem]], Netherlands | label3 = Cause of death | data3 = Shot by a firing squad | label4 = Known for | data4 = Artist, writer, and member of the anti-Nazi resistance }} '''Willem Johan Cornelis Arondéus''' (22 August 1894 – 1 July 1943) was a Dutch artist and writer. During [[World War II]], he joined the Dutch movement that fought against the Nazi German occupation. He helped attack and blow up the Amsterdam public records office in 1943. This was done to stop the Nazi secret police (Gestapo) from finding Jewish people and others they wanted to arrest. Arondéus was caught by the Nazis and killed shortly after.<ref name="yad">{{cite web|url=https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?search=Willem%20Arondeus&searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4043044&ind=0|title=The Righteous Among The Nations|website=Yad Vashem: The World Holocaust Remembrance Center}}</ref> Arondéus was openly gay before the war. Before he was killed, he wanted people to know that homosexual people fought bravely against the Nazis. His famous last words were: "Tell people that homosexuals are not cowards." == Early life and art == Willem Arondéus was born in Naarden. He was the youngest son of a fuel trader. He worked as an artist, making posters, paintings, and large wall designs. In 1923, he painted a large picture on a wall inside the Rotterdam City Hall.<ref name="book">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLWTqBmifh0C&q=arondeus&pg=PA131|title=Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History|last1=Van Dijk|first1=Lutz|date=2001|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-15983-0|editor1-last=Aldrich|editor1-first=Robert|location=New York|pages=592|language=en|editor2-last=Wotherspoon|editor2-first=Gary}}</ref> He was not famous and did not make much money from his art. In 1935, he stopped painting and started writing books. He wrote two stories in 1938 and a book about the life of a famous Dutch painter in 1939. == Fighting the Nazis == In 1940, Nazi Germany took control of the Netherlands. Arondéus joined the Dutch resistance movement to fight them. At first, he made a secret newspaper. Later, he worked with other fighters to make fake identity documents. These fake papers helped Jewish people escape from the Nazis.<ref name="yad" /> However, the Nazi police could easily check if the documents were fake by looking at the official lists in the Amsterdam public records office. To stop this, Arondéus and his group made a plan to destroy the building and the papers inside. On 27 March 1943, the group attacked the building. The attack worked well. They blew up the building and destroyed 800,000 identity cards. No one was caught during the attack. == Arrest and death == A few days later, someone told the police about the group. Arondéus was arrested on 1 April 1943. He did not tell the police the names of the other members, but the police found his notebook and arrested most of his group.<ref name="yad" /> Arondéus and 11 other men from the group were sentenced to death. They were shot and killed by a firing squad on 1 July 1943.<ref name="book" /> Before his death, he asked his lawyer to send a message to the world. He wanted everyone to know that gay men were brave and fought the Nazis just like anyone else. == Honors == After the war ended, the government of the Netherlands gave a medal to Arondéus's family to honor his brave work.<ref name="book" /> In 1986, the Holocaust remembrance center Yad Vashem named him "Righteous Among the Nations" for helping save Jewish people during the war.<ref name="yad"/> == Gallery == <gallery> Willem Arondeus - Salome - Metropolitan Museum.jpg|''Salome'', a drawing by Arondéus in 1916 Willem Arondeus on the island of Urk - around 1921.jpg|Arondéus on a holiday in 1921 Willem Arondéus - Purgatorium - Ink and chalk on paper - 41 x 26 cm.jpg|''Purgatory'', art made by Arondéus in 1943 </gallery> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1894 births]] [[Category:1943 deaths]] og018o39h78st2i82b425jyyadrhfty 0 1270777 10882320 2026-06-09T14:06:41Z ~2026-34075-94 1819089 Created page with "{{Infobox film | name = Deliler Fatih'in Fermanı | image = | caption = | director = [[Osman Kaya]] | producer = [[Cem Uçan]] | writer = Mustafa Burak Doğu<br>İbrahim Ethem Arslan | starring = [[Cem Uçan]]<br>[[Erkan Petekkaya]]<br>[[Nur Fettahoğlu]]<br>[[Yetkin Dikinciler]] | music = Tamer Çıray | cinematography = Sami Saydan | editing = | studio = Angel Production | distributor = T..." 10882320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Deliler Fatih'in Fermanı | image = | caption = | director = [[Osman Kaya]] | producer = [[Cem Uçan]] | writer = Mustafa Burak Doğu<br>İbrahim Ethem Arslan | starring = [[Cem Uçan]]<br>[[Erkan Petekkaya]]<br>[[Nur Fettahoğlu]]<br>[[Yetkin Dikinciler]] | music = Tamer Çıray | cinematography = Sami Saydan | editing = | studio = Angel Production | distributor = TME Films | released = {{Film date|2018|11|23|Turkey}} | runtime = 121 minutes | country = Turkey | language = Turkish | budget = | gross = }} '''''Deliler Fatih'in Fermani''''' (also known as '''''Delular'''''; English: ''Deliler: Order of the Sultan'') is a 2018 [[Turkey|Turkish]] [[historical]] [[action film]]. The movie is directed by [[Osman Kaya]] and produced by [[Cem Uçan]].<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/compose_id/ |title=Deliler Fatih'in Fermanı on IMDb |website=[[IMDb]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="beyazperde">{{cite web |url=http://www.beyazperde.com/filmler/film-262446/ |title=Deliler Fatih'in Fermanı |website=Beyazperde |language=tr}}</ref> The story is about a small group of Ottoman soldiers called "Deliler" who try to kill [[Vlad the Impaler|Vlad III Dracula]].<ref>https://www.haberturk.com/deliler-fatih-in-fermani-filmi-fragmani-yayinlandi-deliler-oyunculari-kimler-2230261</ref> == Cast == * [[Cem Uçan]] as Gökkurt * [[Erkan Petekkaya]] as Vlad Tepeş (Vlad the Impaler) * [[Nur Fettahoğlu]] as Alaca * [[Yetkin Dikinciler]] as Baba Sultan * [[İsmail Filiz]] as Aşkar * [[Kamil Güler]] as Kuman * [[Batın Uçan]] as Suskun * [[Mehmet Ali Karakuş]] as Kongar * [[Mehmet Pala]] as Çebi * [[Namık Rüstem Hanlı]] as Mübariz * [[Baran Öztürk]] as Adsız * [[Hakan Yufkacıgil]] as Kara Ali * [[Demet Tuncer]] as Roza * [[Gülşah Şahin]] as Elizabetha * [[Rüzgar Aksoy]] as [[Mehmed II|Fatih Sultan Mehmed]] * [[Egemen Yavuz]] as Ottoman Envoy == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2018 films]] [[Category:Turkish-language films]] [[Category:Turkish action films]] [[Category:Historical films]] b78x1evt5gomxn6w25c9vrbm3vsuq4e 0 1270778 10882321 2026-06-09T14:06:44Z ~2026-32488-75 1813658 Created page with "The Alpine A290 is the most powerful version of the Renault 5 E-Tech, a passenger [[Automobile|car]] produced by the [[Francia|French]] car manufacturer [[Automobiles Alpine|Alpine]] from [[2025]].<gallery> File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9346.jpg|Front File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9354.jpg|Rear File:Alpine A290 - 12.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Versions == * GT * GT Performance * GT Premium * GTS ([https://3dv2.renault.com/Image?databaseId=5d643697-54ff-4388-8b8c-a0b483d01b0c&s..." 10882321 wikitext text/x-wiki The Alpine A290 is the most powerful version of the Renault 5 E-Tech, a passenger [[Automobile|car]] produced by the [[Francia|French]] car manufacturer [[Automobiles Alpine|Alpine]] from [[2025]].<gallery> File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9346.jpg|Front File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9354.jpg|Rear File:Alpine A290 - 12.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Versions == * GT * GT Performance * GT Premium * GTS ([https://3dv2.renault.com/Image?databaseId=5d643697-54ff-4388-8b8c-a0b483d01b0c&snapshotId=445c272e-ffd3-200c-af41-8fdc6edb4293 See for an image]) == Renault 5 E-Tech == The Renault 5 E-Tech, often also called the 4 E-Tech Electric, is the "normal" version of the Alpine A290. The 4 E-Tech, produced by [[Renault]] since [[2024]], is available exclusively [[Electric vehicle|electric]] like the A290, with special trim levels, such as the Iconiq Cinq and Roland-Garros, while the Five is the basic trim. They also made a [[resin]] version.<gallery> File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric DSC 7281.jpg|Front File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric DSC 7284.jpg|Rear File:Renault 5 E-Tech GIMS 2024 1X7A2230 (Cleared).jpg|Interior File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric Resin Art Car (4).jpg|Front (Resin) File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric Resin Art Car (7).jpg|Rear (Resin) </gallery> == Other projects == <ref>{{Cite web|last=Chissalè|first=Danilo|title=Cinque punti per descrivere Renault R5 E-tech dopo la prova|url=https://www.motorbox.com/auto/auto-viste-e-provate/renault-r5-e-tech-cosa-mi-e-piaciuto-e-cosa-no-dopo-la-prova|access-date=2026-06-09|website=MotorBox|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Anniciello|first=Claudio|title=Prova Alpine A290: una hot hatch può essere elettrica? - Video|url=https://www.hdmotori.it/prove/prova-alpine-a290-una-hot-hatch-puo-essere-elettrica-video/|access-date=2026-06-09|website=HDmotori.it|language=it}}</ref> {{Commons category-inline|Alpine A290}} {{Commons category-inline|Renault 4 E-Tech Electric}} == External links == https://www.renault.it/ https://www.alpinecars.it mnvbci87fzhgpigiu33m06wnyf8twtk 10882322 10882321 2026-06-09T14:07:37Z ~2026-32488-75 1813658 Da 4 a 5 10882322 wikitext text/x-wiki The Alpine A290 is the most powerful version of the Renault 5 E-Tech, a passenger [[Automobile|car]] produced by the [[Francia|French]] car manufacturer [[Automobiles Alpine|Alpine]] from [[2025]].<gallery> File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9346.jpg|Front File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9354.jpg|Rear File:Alpine A290 - 12.jpg|Interior </gallery> == Versions == * GT * GT Performance * GT Premium * GTS ([https://3dv2.renault.com/Image?databaseId=5d643697-54ff-4388-8b8c-a0b483d01b0c&snapshotId=445c272e-ffd3-200c-af41-8fdc6edb4293 See for an image]) == Renault 5 E-Tech == The Renault 5 E-Tech, often also called the 5 E-Tech Electric, is the "normal" version of the Alpine A290. The 5 E-Tech, produced by [[Renault]] since [[2024]], is available exclusively [[Electric vehicle|electric]] like the A290, with special trim levels, such as the Iconiq Cinq and Roland-Garros, while the Five is the basic trim. They also made a [[resin]] version.<gallery> File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric DSC 7281.jpg|Front File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric DSC 7284.jpg|Rear File:Renault 5 E-Tech GIMS 2024 1X7A2230 (Cleared).jpg|Interior File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric Resin Art Car (4).jpg|Front (Resin) File:Renault 5 E-Tech Electric Resin Art Car (7).jpg|Rear (Resin) </gallery> == Other projects == <ref>{{Cite web|last=Chissalè|first=Danilo|title=Cinque punti per descrivere Renault R5 E-tech dopo la prova|url=https://www.motorbox.com/auto/auto-viste-e-provate/renault-r5-e-tech-cosa-mi-e-piaciuto-e-cosa-no-dopo-la-prova|access-date=2026-06-09|website=MotorBox|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Anniciello|first=Claudio|title=Prova Alpine A290: una hot hatch può essere elettrica? - Video|url=https://www.hdmotori.it/prove/prova-alpine-a290-una-hot-hatch-puo-essere-elettrica-video/|access-date=2026-06-09|website=HDmotori.it|language=it}}</ref> {{Commons category-inline|Alpine A290}} {{Commons category-inline|Renault 5 E-Tech Electric}} == External links == https://www.renault.it/ https://www.alpinecars.it 6jypknc02axnbwyhbsud3pzilp4bvp0 10882416 10882322 2026-06-09T15:52:13Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 10882416 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9346.jpg|thumb|Alpine A290 GTS]] The '''Alpine A290''' is the sporty version of the Renault 5 E-Tech,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anniciello|first=Claudio|title=Prova Alpine A290: una hot hatch può essere elettrica? - Video|url=https://www.hdmotori.it/prove/prova-alpine-a290-una-hot-hatch-puo-essere-elettrica-video/|access-date=2026-06-09|website=HDmotori.it|language=it}}</ref> It is made by Alpine since 2025. It is availiable only as a [[electric car]], it was previewed by the A290_ß concept<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/666244/alpine-a290-beta-debut-photos/|title=Alpine A290_β Debuts As Electric Hot Hatch With Central Driver's Seat|date=May 9, 2023|website=Motor1.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/alpine/108010/new-alpine-a290ss-concept-teases-future-electric-hot-hatch|title=New Alpine A290_ß concept teases future electric hot hatch|date=May 9, 2023|website=Auto Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/alpine-a290-sale-2024-feisty-electric-hot-hatch|title=Alpine A290 on sale in 2024 as feisty electric hot hatch|date=May 9, 2023|website=Autocar}}</ref> though pictures of the car leaked online before its unveil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/alpine-a290-hot-hatch-concept-unveiled|title=Alpine A290 Beta electric hot hatch concept officially unveiled|date=May 10, 2023|website=WhichCar}}</ref> The GT premium has a 130 KW (180 HP) motor, while the GTS version has 160 KW (220 HP). == Gallery == <gallery> File:2023 24 Hours of Le Mans (53272228630).jpg|2023 Alpine A290_ß concept File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9354.jpg|Rear File:Alpine A290 - 12.jpg|Interior </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:battery electric vehicles]] [[Category:hatchbacks]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] == External links == https://www.renault.it/ https://www.alpinecars.it {{Commons category-inline|Alpine A290}} 5xy5sdqg75xh55g8ck0wud6sevqc8qw 10883072 10882416 2026-06-10T10:52:48Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 non serve più 10883072 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9346.jpg|thumb|Alpine A290 GTS]] The '''Alpine A290''' is the sporty version of the Renault 5 E-Tech,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Anniciello|first=Claudio|title=Prova Alpine A290: una hot hatch può essere elettrica? - Video|url=https://www.hdmotori.it/prove/prova-alpine-a290-una-hot-hatch-puo-essere-elettrica-video/|access-date=2026-06-09|website=HDmotori.it|language=it}}</ref> It is made by Alpine since 2025. It is availiable only as a [[electric car]], it was previewed by the A290_ß concept<ref name="auto8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/666244/alpine-a290-beta-debut-photos/|title=Alpine A290_β Debuts As Electric Hot Hatch With Central Driver's Seat|date=May 9, 2023|website=Motor1.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/alpine/108010/new-alpine-a290ss-concept-teases-future-electric-hot-hatch|title=New Alpine A290_ß concept teases future electric hot hatch|date=May 9, 2023|website=Auto Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/alpine-a290-sale-2024-feisty-electric-hot-hatch|title=Alpine A290 on sale in 2024 as feisty electric hot hatch|date=May 9, 2023|website=Autocar}}</ref> though pictures of the car leaked online before its unveil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/alpine-a290-hot-hatch-concept-unveiled|title=Alpine A290 Beta electric hot hatch concept officially unveiled|date=May 10, 2023|website=WhichCar}}</ref> The GT premium has a 130 KW (180 HP) motor, while the GTS version has 160 KW (220 HP). == Gallery == <gallery> File:2023 24 Hours of Le Mans (53272228630).jpg|2023 Alpine A290_ß concept File:Alpine A290 GTS DSC 9354.jpg|Rear File:Alpine A290 - 12.jpg|Interior </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} [[Category:battery electric vehicles]] [[Category:hatchbacks]] [[Category:2020s automobiles]] == External links == https://www.alpinecars.it {{Commons category-inline|Alpine A290}} 8pwo15iu0x2eyzcfrxt1d4x80kfquye 0 1270779 10882326 2026-06-09T14:13:12Z أوس 1638979 Created page with "'''Traditional Libyan clothing''' is the heritage clothing worn by Libyans throughout history. These styles reflect the different civilizations that lived in the region. While people do not wear them every day anymore, traditional clothes are still very important for weddings and holidays as a symbol of national pride.<ref>{{cite web |title=عودة الزي الليبي التقليدي... وألوان ''الفراشية'' تلمع في الجبال والصحراء |ur..." 10882326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Traditional Libyan clothing''' is the heritage clothing worn by Libyans throughout history. These styles reflect the different civilizations that lived in the region. While people do not wear them every day anymore, traditional clothes are still very important for weddings and holidays as a symbol of national pride.<ref>{{cite web |title=عودة الزي الليبي التقليدي... وألوان ''الفراشية'' تلمع في الجبال والصحراء |url=https://raseef22.net/article/1091700-%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%... |access-date=20 July 2025 |website=Raseef22 |date=31 January 2023 |language=ar}}</ref> The clothing is different for men and women. There are also unique styles among Libya's cultural groups, including Arabs, Amazigh ({{lang-ar|أمازيغ}}), Tuareg ({{lang-ar|طوارق}}), and Toubou ({{lang-ar|تبو}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=الزي التقليدي في ليبيا |url=https://bahu.ly/blog/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8افرملة%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7/ |publisher=Bahu Blogs |access-date=20 July 2025 |date=1 November 2024}}</ref> == History == [[File:Painting of a Libyan Woman, 16th Century.jpg|thumb|A Libyan woman from Tripoli in the 16th century.]] Libyan clothing has deep historical roots. Ancient Egyptian drawings show early Libyans wearing similar garments. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek historian [[Herodotus]] wrote that Libyan women wore decorated leather robes.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herodotus |title=The Histories |orig-date=430 BCE}}</ref> Over time, Libyan dress was influenced by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. This influence is visible in embroidery like the '''Farmla''' ({{lang-ar|فرملة}}). == Men's clothing == [[File:Omar Mokhtar arrested by Italian Officials.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar wearing a traditional jerd.]] Men's traditional dress is simple, elegant, and practical for the environment. * '''Jerd''' ({{lang-ar|جرد}}): Also called '''Houli''' ({{lang-ar|حولي}}). It is a large wool or cotton cloth, about 6 meters long, wrapped around the body. People have worn it in North Africa since ancient Roman times. It is usually white for celebrations and brown or beige for daily use.<ref>{{cite web |title=الزي الليبي والزي الإسلامي |url=https://tieob.com/archives/19345 |publisher=Tieob |access-date=20 July 2025 |date=14 April 2017}}</ref> * '''Farmla''' ({{lang-ar|فرملة}}): A vest decorated with silver or gold threads. It is worn over a cotton shirt called a '''Souria''' ({{lang-ar|سورية}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=الزي التقليدي الليبي وأهميته |url=https://tieob.com/archives/25791 |publisher=Tieob |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> * '''Zaboun''' ({{lang-ar|زبون}}): A formal jacket worn over the shirt. * '''Shanna''' ({{lang-ar|شنة}}): A dark red cap made of felt. == Women's clothing == [[File:Tripoli girls school 1930s.jpg|thumb|Libyan girls wearing the houli wrap in the 1930s.]] Women's clothing is colorful and uses fine fabrics like silk, along with gold and silver jewelry. * '''Houli''' ({{lang-ar|حولي}}): The main silk wrap worn by women. It is held together with a silver pin called a "Khallal". * '''Badla kabira''' ({{lang-ar|البدلة الكبيرة}}): The traditional bridal dress of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]. It includes many layers of silk and large gold ornaments.<ref>{{cite web |title=البدلة الكبيرة {{!}} ليبيا أوبزرفر |url=https://ar.libyaobserver.ly/17911 |access-date=20 July 2025 |website=The Libya Observer}}</ref> * '''Farashiya''' ({{lang-ar|فراشية}}): A large white cotton or silk wrap that covers the whole body and face when walking outside.<ref>{{cite web |title=الفراشية الليبية أصل ضارب في جذور التاريخ |url=https://tieob.com/archives/44588 |publisher=Tieob |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 July 2025}}</ref> [[File:ASC Leiden - F. van der Kraaij Collection - 01 - 090 - Deux femmes bavardant enveloppées de blanc, Tripoli, Libye, 1972.tif|thumb|Two women talking in the market wearing the Farashiya.]] * '''Kurdia''' ({{lang-ar|كردية}}): A velvet vest embroidered with silver thread. == Amazigh and Tuareg clothing == [[File:A girl from Libya wearing Amazigh attire.jpg|thumb|An Amazigh girl in traditional dress.]] Amazigh women wear a traditional garment called '''Talaba''' ({{lang-ar|تلابا}}). Tuareg men wear a special blue face veil called '''Tagelmust''' ({{lang-ar|تلغلموست}}). == Gallery == <gallery> File:Libyan traditional dress one.jpg File:Libyan traditional dress new.jpg File:Libyan traditional dress.jpg File:Libyan dress.jpg File:جمال الزي التقليدي الغدامسي. والأطفال.jpg </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Libyan Clothing}} sgo8amoom4aipf4ts7sttc5mj9s8pmf 0 1270780 10882327 2026-06-09T14:13:22Z ~2026-34011-54 1819093 Created page with "{{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Globalize|1=article|2=US|date=December 2021}} {{improverefs|date=August 2023}} {{short description|None}} This is a list of [[animated television series]] by episode count. This article does not include [[anime]] series which originate from [[Japan]] (for this see the [[list of anime series by episode count]]). Single series with at least 100 episodes and television franchises with at least 40 episodes are listed. ==Single series== :{{leg..." 10882327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pp-protected|small=yes}} {{Globalize|1=article|2=US|date=December 2021}} {{improverefs|date=August 2023}} {{short description|None}} This is a list of [[animated television series]] by episode count. This article does not include [[anime]] series which originate from [[Japan]] (for this see the [[list of anime series by episode count]]). Single series with at least 100 episodes and television franchises with at least 40 episodes are listed. ==Single series== :{{legend|#b6fcb6|''Show is still in production''}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | Title ! scope="col" | Country of origin ! scope="col" | Seasons ! scope="col" | Episodes |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Sandmännchen]]'' | [[East Germany]] (1959–1990), [[Germany]] (1990–present) | 61 | 22,200 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf]]'' | China | 44 | [[List of Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf episodes|3,269]] |- | ''[[3000 Whys of Blue Cat]]'' | [[China]] | 9 | 3,057 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Die Sendung mit der Maus]]'' | Germany | N/A | 2,122 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Motu Patlu]]'' | [[India]] | 15 | 1,220 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Gopal Bhar (TV series)|Gopal Bhar]]'' | India | 1 | 1,200 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[GG Bond]]'' | China | 17 | 1,116 |- | ''[[Boonie Bears]]'' | China | 14 | 884 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Nut Boltu]]'' | India | 6 | 876 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Simpsons]]'' | [[United States]] | 37 | [[List of The Simpsons episodes|805]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Pakdam Pakdai]]'' | India | 14 | 735 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Upin & Ipin]]'' | [[Malaysia]] | 19 | 735 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Chhota Bheem]]'' | India | 16 | 663 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Chikn Nuggit]]'' | United States | N/A | 651 |- | ''[[Thomas & Friends]]'' | [[United Kingdom]] | 24 | [[List of Thomas & Friends episodes|584]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Luntik]]'' | [[Russia]] | 10 | 570 |- | ''[[The Magic Roundabout]]'' | [[France]] | 5 | 516 |- | ''[[SkyEye]]'' | China | 1 | 500 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Family Guy]]'' | United States | 24 | [[List of Family Guy episodes|461]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Peppa Pig]]'' | United Kingdom | 9 | [[List of Peppa Pig episodes|459]] |- | ''[[Crusader Rabbit]]'' | United States | 3 | 455<ref>195 black and white, 260 colored</ref> |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Teen Titans Go!]]'' | United States | 9 | [[List of Teen Titans Go! episodes|447]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[American Dad!]]'' | United States | 22 | [[List of American Dad! episodes|395]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''Counting with Paula'' | Singapore | 7 | 384 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Super Wings]]'' | South Korea, China, United States | 9 | [[List of Super Wings episodes|364]] |- | ''[[Red vs. Blue]]'' | [[United States]] | 18 | 338 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[South Park]]'' | United States | 27 | 338 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' | United States | 16 | [[List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes|330]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[My Magic Pet Morphle]]'' | [[Netherlands]], United States, United Kingdom || 2 || 324 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Molang]]'' | France, [[South Korea]] | 5 | 321 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Pocoyo]]'' | [[Spain]], United Kingdom || 5 || 321 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''Nix - Je Sob Pare'' | India | 4 | 320 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Fireman Sam]]'' | United Kingdom || 16 || 317 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Bob's Burgers]]'' | United States || 16|| [[List of Bob's Burgers episodes|308]] |- | ''[[Kikoriki]]'' | Russia | 6 | 307 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''The Dr. Binocs Show'' | India | 6 | 305 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Loud House]]'' | United States || 9 || [[List of The Loud House episodes|305]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[PAW Patrol]]'' | Canada || 13 || [[List of Paw Patrol episodes|301]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Hoodies Squad]]'' | Poland | 14 | 300 |- | ''[[Mutt and Jeff animated filmography|Mutt and Jeff]]'' | United States | <small>N/A</small> | 292 |- | ''[[Pororo the Little Penguin]]'' | South Korea | 8 | 286 |- | ''[[Larva (TV series)|Larva]]'' | South Korea | 4 | 286 |- | ''[[Adventure Time]]'' | United States | 10 | [[List of Adventure Time episodes|283]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Kral Şakir]]'' | [[Turkey]] || 8 || 283 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Amazing World of Gumball]]'' | [[United Kingdom]], [[United States]], [[Ireland]], [[Germany]] | 7 | [[List of The Amazing World of Gumball episodes|280]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Om Nom Stories]]'' | Russia, United Kingdom | 27 | 271 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'' | United States | 10 | 270 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[King of the Hill]]'' | United States | 14 | 269 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Fixies]]'' | Russia || 6 || 266 |- | ''[[Regular Show]]'' | United States | 8 | [[List of Regular Show episodes|261]] |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Kid-E-Cats]]'' | Russia || 5 || 260 |- | ''Loopdidoo'' | France | 5 | 260 |- | ''[[The Smurfs (1981 TV series)|The Smurfs]]'' (1981–1989) | United States, [[Belgium]] | 9 | 258 |- | ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' | United States, [[Canada]] | 25 | 253 |- | ''[[Horrid Henry (TV series)|Horrid Henry]]'' | United Kingdom | 5 | 250 |- | ''[[Bob the Builder]]'' (1999–2011) | United Kingdom | 18 | 250 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Be-Be-Bears]]'' | Russia || 10 || 243 |- | ''[[Krazy Kat]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 232 |- | ''[[The Gumby Show]]'' | United States | 3 | 229 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Sunny Bunnies]]'' | [[Belarus]] || 9 || 223 |- | ''[[My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic]]'' | United States, Canada || 9 || 221 |- | ''[[Popeye the Sailor (TV series)|Popeye the Sailor]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 220 |- | ''[[Robot Chicken]]'' | United States || 11 || 220 |- | ''[[Ninjago (TV series)|Ninjago]]'' | [[Denmark]], Canada || 15 || 210 |- | ''[[Earth to Luna!]]'' | Brazil || 8 || 208 |- | ''[[Winx Club]]'' | [[Italy]], United States || 8 || 208 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Hey Duggee]]'' | United Kingdom || 5 || 206 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | [[Monica and Friends (TV series)|''Monica and Friends'']] | [[Brazil]]|| 25 || 201 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''Mini Beat Power Rockers'' | Argentina || 4 || 200 |- | ''[[Woody Woodpecker]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 200 |- | ''[[Curious George (TV series)|Curious George]]'' | United States || 15 || 198 |- | ''[[Postman Pat]]'' | United Kingdom || 8 || 196 |- | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' (1987–1996) | United States || 10 || 193 |- | ''[[Oswald the Lucky Rabbit]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 190 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Shaun the Sheep]]'' | United Kingdom || 7 || 190 |- | ''[[Felix the Cat]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 184 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Oggy and the Cockroaches]]'' | France || 8 || 182 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Totally Spies!]]'' | France, Canada || 7 || 182 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Masyanya]]'' | Russia, Israel || 9 || 181 |- | ''[[ Blaze and the Monster Machines]]'' | United States, Canada || 9 || | [[List of Blaze and the Monster Machines episodes|180]] |- | ''[[Craig of the Creek]]'' | United States || 6 || 180 |- | ''[[Fudêncio e Seus Amigos|Fudêncio and his friends]]'' | [[Brazil]] || 6 || 179 |- | ''[[Ben 10 (2016 TV series)|Ben 10]]'' (2016–2021) | United States || 4 || 178 |- | ''[[Dora the Explorer (TV series)|Dora the Explorer]]'' | United States || 8 || 177 |- | ''[[Chuggington]]'' | United States || 7 || 176 |- | ''[[Bolek and Lolek]]'' | [[Poland]] || 11 || 174 |- | ''[[Rugrats]]'' | United States || 9 || 172 |- | ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' | United States || 10 || 172 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Futurama]]'' | United States || 10 || 170 |- | ''[[The Flintstones]]'' | United States || 6 || 166 |- | ''[[Telecomics|Tele-Comics]]/NBC Comics''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/56538-Tele-Comics.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723211221/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/56538-Tele-Comics.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 23, 2012|title=The Tele-Comics (Series) (Vallee Video) |website=Big Cartoon DataBase (BCDB)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tralfaz.blogspot.com/2012/03/nbc-comics-part-1.html|title=Tralfaz: NBC Comics, Part 1|date=March 10, 2012}}</ref> | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 165 |- | ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 164 |- | ''[[The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends|The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show]]'' | United States || 5 || 163 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Thomas & Friends: All Engines Go]]'' | United States, Canada || 4 || 161 |- | ''[[Steven Universe]]'' | United States || 5 || 160 |- | ''[[DC Nation Shorts]]'' | United States || 1 || 159 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'' | United States || 5 || 157 |- | ''[[Bananas in Pyjamas#Animated version|Bananas in Pyjamas]]'' | [[Australia]] || 3 || 156 |- | ''[[Bozo: The World's Most Famous Clown]]'' | United States || 1 || 156 |- | ''[[Laurel and Hardy (TV series)|Laurel and Hardy]]'' | United States || 1 || 156 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Mr. Bean: The Animated Series]]'' | United Kingdom || 4 || 156 |- | ''[[New Looney Tunes]]'' | United States || 3 || 156 |- | ''[[Pingu]]'' | [[Switzerland]], United Kingdom || 6 || 156 |- | ''[[Roger Ramjet]]'' | United States || 5 || 156 |- | ''Simon'' | France || 3 || 156 |- | ''[[Tayo the Little Bus]]'' | South Korea || 6 || 156 |- | ''[[The New 3 Stooges]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 156 |- | ''[[The Ruff and Reddy Show]]'' | United States || 3 || 156 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Smurfs (2021 TV series)|The Smurfs]]'' (2021–present) | Belgium, France, Germany || 3 || 156 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Polly Pocket (TV series)|Polly Pocket]]'' (2018–present) | Canada, United States || 6 || 155 |- | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' (2003–2009) | United States || 7 || 155 |- | ''[[The Jungle Book (2010 TV series)|The Jungle Book]]'' | India, Germany, France || 3 || 155 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Bluey (TV series)|Bluey]]'' | Australia || 3 || 154 |- | ''[[Go Jetters]]'' | United Kingdom, Ireland || 3 || 154 |- | ''[[Uncle Grandpa]]'' | United States || 5 || 153 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir]]'' | France || 6 || 152 |- | ''[[Total DramaRama]]'' | Canada, United States || 3 || 152 |- | ''[[PJ Masks]]'' | France, United Kingdom, Canada || 6 || [[List of PJ Masks episodes|151]] |- | ''[[The Penguins of Madagascar]]'' | United States || 3 || 149 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Cyberchase]]'' | United States || 15 || 148 |- | ''[[Talking Tom & Friends (TV series)|Talking Tom & Friends]]'' | United States, Austria, Slovenia, Spain || 5 || 148 |- | ''[[Cartoon Planet]]'' | United States || 3 || 146 |- | ''[[Archer (2009 TV series)|Archer]]'' | United States || 14 || 145 |- | ''[[Total Drama]]'' | Canada || 6 || 145 |- | ''[[Aqua Teen Hunger Force]]'' | United States || 12 || 144 |- | ''[[Blue's Clues]]'' | United States || 6 || 141 |- | ''[[The Real Ghostbusters]]'' | United States || 7 || 140 |- | ''[[We Bare Bears]]'' | United States || 4 || 140 |- | ''[[Doc McStuffins]]'' | United States, Ireland || 5 || 136 |- | ''[[El Chavo Animado]]'' | [[Mexico]] || 7 || 134 |- | ''[[Happy Tree Friends]]'' | United States || 5 || 133 |- | ''[[Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)|Star Wars: The Clone Wars]]'' (2008–20) | United States || 7 || 133 |- | ''[[Squidbillies]]'' | United States || 13 || 132 |- | ''[[Johnny Cypher in Dimension Zero]]'' | United States, [[Japan]] || <small>N/A</small> || 131 |- | ''[[ Alvinnn!!! and the Chipmunks]]'' | United States, France || 5 || 130 |- | ''[[Bob the Builder (2015 TV series)|Bob the Builder]]'' (2015–2018) | United Kingdom, Canada || 3 || 130 |- | ''[[Clarence (American TV series)|Clarence]]'' | United States || 3 || 130 |- | ''[[Courageous Cat and Minute Mouse]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 130 |- | ''[[He-Man and the Masters of the Universe]]'' | United States || 2 || 130 |- | ''[[Max & Ruby]]'' | Canada || 7 || 130 |- | ''[[The Dick Tracy Show]]'' | United States || 1 || 130 |- | ''[[The New Adventures of Pinocchio (TV series)|The New Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' | United States, Canada, Japan || 1 || 130 |- | ''[[The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show]]'' | United States || <small>N/A</small> || 130 |- | ''[[ThunderCats (1985 TV series)|ThunderCats]]'' (1985–1989) | United States, Japan || 4 || 130 |- | ''[[WordGirl]]'' | United States || 8 || 130 |- | ''[[Bubble Guppies]]'' | United States, Canada || 6 || 129 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[:fr:Les Kassos|Les Kassos]]'' | France || 8 || 129 |- | ''[[Mickey Mouse Clubhouse]]'' | United States || 4 || 125 |- | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Haunted House (TV series)|The Haunted House]]'' | South Korea || 5 || 123 |- | ''[[Kevin Spencer (TV series)|Kevin Spencer]]'' | Canada || 8 || 113 |- | ''[[Masameer]]'' | Saudi Arabia || 8 || 107 |- | ''[[:zh:小神仙和小仙女|Xiǎo xiānnǚ tóng xiǎo xiānnǚ]]'' | China || 1 || 104 |} ==Longest-running animated television franchises== :{{legend|#b6fcb6|''At least one show is still airing new episodes''}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |-where is one piece ! Country of origin ! Title ! Seasons ! Episodes |- | [[United States]] | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Looney Tunes]]'' | 30 | 1,626 |- | [[Japan]], United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[List of Transformers animated series#Overview|Transformers]]'' | 29 | 1,274 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Mickey Mouse universe|Mickey Mouse & Friends]]'' | 29 | 1,137 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Simpsons (franchise)|The Simpsons]]'' | 38 | 834 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Yogi Bear|Yogi Bear & Friends]]'' | 28 | 761 |- | United Kingdom | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Thomas & Friends (franchise)|Thomas & Friends]]'' | 28 | 746 |- | United States | ''[[Popeye]]'' | 25 | 638 |- | [[France]], United Kingdom | ''[[The Magic Roundabout]]'' | 3 | 545 |- | [[Finland]] | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Angry Birds (franchise)|Angry Birds]]'' | 28 | 612 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' | 23 | 492 |- | United States | ''[[The Flintstones]]'' | 22 | 481 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Scooby-Doo]]'' | 29 | 428 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Family Guy]]'' | 23 | 425 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Teen Titans]]'' | 14 | 512 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Tom and Jerry]]'' | 16 | 418 |- | United States | ''[[Ben 10]]'' | 22 | 408 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Spider-Man]]'' | 24 | 406 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[Bob the Builder]]'' | 21 | 380 |- | [[Belgium]], United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Smurfs]]'' | 12 | 371 |- | United States | ''[[Felix the Cat]]'' | 5 | 357 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Masters of the Universe]]'' | 10 | 354 |- | United States, [[Canada]] | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[My Little Pony]]'' | 14 | 352 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Batman]]'' | 22 | 352 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[American Dad!]]'' | 18 | 351 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[South Park]]'' | 26 | 325 |- | Japan | ''[[Sonic the Hedgehog]]'' | 9 | 313 |- |Japan |[[Mario (franchise)|Mario]] | |[[List of Mario television episodes|91]] |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants (franchise)|SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' | 15 | 319 |- | United States, Canada | ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' | 29 | 253 |- | Canada | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Paw Patrol]]'' | 12 | 300 |- | United States | ''[[Dora the Explorer]]'' | 15 | 298 |- | United Kingdom | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Wallace & Gromit]]'' | 13 | 297 |- | Japan | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Hello Kitty]]'' | 23 | 294 |- | United States | ''[[Beavis and Butt-Head]]'' | 13 | 292 |- | Canada | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Total Drama]]'' | 9 | 290 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Adventure Time (franchise)|Adventure Time]]'' | 11 | 287 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Loud House (franchise)|The Loud House]]'' | 9 | 284 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Madagascar (franchise)|Madagascar]]'' | 17 | 277 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Star Wars]]'' | 16 | 267 |- | Canada, France, United States | ''[[Inspector Gadget]]'' | 11 | 264 |- | United States | ''[[Garfield]]'' | 13 | 263 |- | United States | ''[[Woody Woodpecker]]'' | 4 | 263 |- | United States | ''[[The Gumby Show]]'' | 4 | 261 |- | [[Italy]], United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Winx Club]]'' | 11 | 260 |- | Finland | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Moomin]]'' | 11 | 258 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Rugrats]]'' | 16 | 255 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[Danger Mouse (1981 TV series)|Danger Mouse]]'' | 16 | 253 |- | United States | ''[[DC Animated Universe]]'' | 15 | 252 |- | United States | ''[[The Powerpuff Girls]]'' | 9 | 252 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[Mr. Men]]'' | 8 | 249 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[Postman Pat]]'' | 10 | 248 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Avengers in other media#Television|Avengers]]'' | 9 | 242 |- | United States | ''[[The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends|Rocky and Bullwinkle]]'' | 9 | 241 |- | United Kingdom | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Dennis the Menace and Gnasher]]'' | 7 | 240 |- | United States | ''[[The Pink Panther]]'' | 4 | 236 |- | United States | ''[[G.I. Joe]]'' | 10 | 228 |- | United States | ''[[Clifford the Big Red Dog]]'' | 5 | 221 |- | United States | ''[[Alvin and the Chipmunks]]'' | 15 | 253 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'' | 9 | 247 |- | France, Canada | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Totally Spies!]]'' | 9 | 221 |- | [[Denmark]], Canada | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Ninjago (TV series)|Ninjago]]''|| 15 || 213 |- | United States | ''[[Superman]]'' | 13 | 208 |- | United States | ''[[ThunderCats]]'' | 6 | 208 |- | [[Switzerland]], United Kingdom | ''[[Pingu]]'' | 8 | 208 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Peanuts]]'' | 7 | 207 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[The Fairly OddParents (franchise)|The Fairly OddParents]]'' | 12 | 205 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Animaniacs]]'' | 12 | 204 |- | France, Japan, Netherlands | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Barbapapa]]'' | 4 | 202 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[Paddington Bear]]'' | 8 | 198 |- | United States | ''[[Casper the Friendly Ghost]]'' | 8 | 198 |- | [[Singapore]] | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Oddbods]]'' | 3 | 180 |- | United States | ''[[Ghostbusters (franchise)|Ghostbusters]]'' | 8 | 180 |- | United States | ''[[Steven Universe]]'' | 6 | 180 |- | United States | [[Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)|''Muppet Babies'' (1984)]]/[[Muppet Babies (2018 TV series)|''Muppet Babies'' (2018)]] | 11 (8+3) | 178 (107+71) |- | United States | ''[[The Lion King (franchise)|The Lion King]]'' | 6 | 159 |- | United States | ''[[Littlest Pet Shop]]'' | 5 | 156 |- | United States | ''[[Sabrina the Teenage Witch]]'' | 4 | 148 |- | Canada | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[Caillou]]'' | 5 | 144 |- | United States | style="background:#dfd;" | ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' | 10 | 144 |- | France | ''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]'' | 10 | 141 |- | United States | ''[[Cow and Chicken]]'' | 8 | 141 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[The Clangers]]'' | 5 | 130 |- | United States | ''[[Wacky Races]]'' | 5 | 129 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[Numberblocks]]'' | 8 | 124 |- | United States | ''[[Busytown]]'' | 7 | 117 |- | United States | ''[[Kung Fu Panda (franchise)|Kung Fu Panda]]'' | 5 | 117 |- | United States | ''[[Avatar: The Last Airbender (franchise)|Avatar: The Last Airbender]]'' | 8 | 116 |- | United States | ''[[Winnie the Pooh (franchise)|Winnie the Pooh]]'' | 7 | 113 |- | United Kingdom | ''[[The Wombles]]'' | 5 | 112 |- | United States | ''[[Heathcliff (comics)|Heathcliff]]'' | 4 | 112 |- | United States | ''[[Super Friends]]'' | 9 | 109 |- | Canada | ''[[Franklin the Turtle (books)|Franklin the Turtle]]'' | 8 | 104 |- | [[Brazil]], Canada | ''[[Fishtronaut]]'' | 2 | 104 |} ==See also== * [[List of television programs by episode count]] * [[List of anime series by episode count]] * [[List of anime franchises by episode count]] * [[List of animated television series]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Animation}} [[Category:Lists of animated television series|Episode count]] dotvbuqqtwuz9ldpqq1s5cxgme4z669 0 1270781 10882329 2026-06-09T14:18:20Z أوس 1638979 Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], Ottoman..." 10882329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Eyalet of Tripolitania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = 16 September 1931 (aged 73) | death_place = [[Suluq]], [[Italian Cyrenaica]] | nickname = ''Shaykh ash-Shuhadā'' ({{lang-ar|شَيخ الشُّهَدَاء}}) | known_for = Leading native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya | native_name = عُمَر الْمُخْتَار }} '''Omar al-Mukhtar''' (20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called '''The Lion of the Desert''', was a Libyan revolutionary and Muslim religious teacher. He led the native resistance in [[Eastern Libya]] against the [[Italian colonization of Libya]] from 1911 until his death in 1931.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> He is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of freedom in the Arab and Islamic worlds.<ref name="Salab">as Salab, Ali Muhammad (2011). ''Omar Al Mokhtar Lion of the Desert (The Biography of Shaikh Omar Al Mukhtar)''. London: Al-Firdous. p. 1.</ref> == Early life == Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 near [[Tobruk]] in eastern Libya, which was then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He lost his father at a young age and grew up in poverty.<ref name="Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation; originally published by A. Mondadori, Milan, 1932)</ref> He studied for eight years at the Senussi University in [[Jaghbub, Libya|Jaghbub]], a holy city for the Senussi movement, where he became an [[Imam]] and an expert on the [[Quran]].<ref name="Graziani" /> Because of his leadership skills, the Senussi movement sent him to [[Chad]] in 1899 to help defend the region against the invading French military forces.<ref name="Salab" /> In 1902, he returned to northern Libya to manage local religious and social affairs as a Sheikh.<ref name="Shukri">Muhammad Fuad Shukri, "Al-Sanusiyya: A Faith & A State". Youssef El-Megreisi (editor) pg.271</ref> == The Italian invasion == In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the Italian navy attacked the Libyan coast and demanded the surrender of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]].<ref name="Vandervort">Vandervort, Bruce (1998). ''Wars Of Imperial Conquest In Africa, 1830-1914''. London: Routledge. p. 261.</ref> The Ottoman forces and local Libyans refused to surrender and withdrew into the countryside to fight back. This was the start of a long colonial war.<ref name="Vandervort" /> == Guerrilla warfare == [[File:Omar Mukhtar with the Libyan Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar (center) with Libyan fighters.]] Al-Mukhtar was a teacher by trade, but he was also highly skilled in desert warfare. He used his deep knowledge of local geography to fight the Italian army, which was not used to the harsh desert environment.<ref name="BBC">"Libya profile - Timeline", BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011</ref> He led small, fast groups of fighters to ambush Italian troops, attack their outposts, and cut their supply lines.<ref name="BBC" /> In 1930, Italian General [[Rodolfo Graziani]] took command. To defeat Al-Mukhtar, Graziani put more than 100,000 local Libyan people into concentration camps on the coast and built a wire fence along the border with Egypt.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> This stopped Al-Mukhtar’s fighters from getting food, weapons, or information from the people, which slowly weakened the resistance.<ref name="Graziani" /> == Capture and execution == [[File:Tajouri almokhtar.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar in court after his capture.]] On 11 September 1931, Al-Mukhtar was wounded in battle and captured by colonial troops near Slonta.<ref name="Quirico">Quirico, Domenico (2002). ''Lo squadrone bianco. Storia delle truppe coloniali italiane''. Milan: Edizioni Mondadori Le Scie. p. 313.</ref> On 16 September 1931, he was hanged to death by the Italian military court at the [[Suluq]] concentration camp before his followers.<ref name="Quirico" /> He was 73 years old, and he refused to surrender until the very end.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> == Legacy == * His image appears on the Libyan 10-[[Libyan dinar|dinar]] banknote.<ref name="BBC_History">"History through Libyan eyes", BBC News, 28 March 2011</ref> * His life story and fight against the Italians were shown in the famous 1981 movie ''[[Lion of the Desert]]'', starring Anthony Quinn.<ref name="BBC_History"/> * Many major streets are named after him across Arab countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Salab" /> == Gallery == <gallery> Omar Mukhtar-عمر المختار2.jpg|Omar Mukhtar sitting Omar_Mokhtar_arrested_by_Italian_Officials.jpg|Al-Mukhtar surrounded by Italian officers after his capture Omar Mukhtar Execution-إعدام عمر المختار.png|The execution of Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Omar}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1931 deaths]] [[Category:Libyan resistance leaders]] beg07o2zd7btu4hkc7awwrjtror1ylb 10882330 10882329 2026-06-09T14:18:31Z أوس 1638979 10882330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Eyalet of Tripolitania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = 16 September 1931 (aged 73) | death_place = [[Suluq]], [[Italian Cyrenaica]] | nickname = ''Shaykh ash-Shuhadā'' ({{lang-ar|شَيخ الشُّهَدَاء}}) | known_for = Leading native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya | native_name = عُمَر الْمُخْتَار }} '''Omar al-Mukhtar''' (20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called '''The Lion of the Desert''', was a Libyan revolutionary and Muslim religious teacher. He led the native resistance in [[Eastern Libya]] against the [[Italian colonization of Libya]] from 1911 until his death in 1931.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> He is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of freedom in the Arab and Islamic worlds.<ref name="Salab">as Salab, Ali Muhammad (2011). ''Omar Al Mokhtar Lion of the Desert (The Biography of Shaikh Omar Al Mukhtar)''. London: Al-Firdous. p. 1.</ref> == Early life == Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 near [[Tobruk]] in eastern Libya, which was then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He lost his father at a young age and grew up in poverty.<ref name="Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation; originally published by A. Mondadori, Milan, 1932)</ref> He studied for eight years at the Senussi University in [[Jaghbub, Libya|Jaghbub]], a holy city for the Senussi movement, where he became an [[Imam]] and an expert on the [[Quran]].<ref name="Graziani" /> Because of his leadership skills, the Senussi movement sent him to [[Chad]] in 1899 to help defend the region against the invading French military forces.<ref name="Salab" /> In 1902, he returned to northern Libya to manage local religious and social affairs as a Sheikh.<ref name="Shukri">Muhammad Fuad Shukri, "Al-Sanusiyya: A Faith & A State". Youssef El-Megreisi (editor) pg.271</ref> == The Italian invasion == In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the Italian navy attacked the Libyan coast and demanded the surrender of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]].<ref name="Vandervort">Vandervort, Bruce (1998). ''Wars Of Imperial Conquest In Africa, 1830-1914''. London: Routledge. p. 261.</ref> The Ottoman forces and local Libyans refused to surrender and withdrew into the countryside to fight back. This was the start of a long colonial war.<ref name="Vandervort" /> == Guerrilla warfare == [[File:Omar Mukhtar with the Libyan Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar (center) with Libyan fighters.]] Al-Mukhtar was a teacher by trade, but he was also highly skilled in desert warfare. He used his deep knowledge of local geography to fight the Italian army, which was not used to the harsh desert environment.<ref name="BBC">"Libya profile - Timeline", BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011</ref> He led small, fast groups of fighters to ambush Italian troops, attack their outposts, and cut their supply lines.<ref name="BBC" /> In 1930, Italian General [[Rodolfo Graziani]] took command. To defeat Al-Mukhtar, Graziani put more than 100,000 local Libyan people into concentration camps on the coast and built a wire fence along the border with Egypt.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> This stopped Al-Mukhtar’s fighters from getting food, weapons, or information from the people, which slowly weakened the resistance.<ref name="Graziani" /> == Capture and execution == [[File:Tajouri almokhtar.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar in court after his capture.]] On 11 September 1931, Al-Mukhtar was wounded in battle and captured by colonial troops near Slonta.<ref name="Quirico">Quirico, Domenico (2002). ''Lo squadrone bianco. Storia delle truppe coloniali italiane''. Milan: Edizioni Mondadori Le Scie. p. 313.</ref> On 16 September 1931, he was hanged to death by the Italian military court at the [[Suluq]] concentration camp before his followers.<ref name="Quirico" /> He was 73 years old, and he refused to surrender until the very end.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> == Legacy == * His image appears on the Libyan 10-[[Libyan dinar|dinar]] banknote.<ref name="BBC_History">"History through Libyan eyes", BBC News, 28 March 2011</ref> * His life story and fight against the Italians were shown in the famous 1981 movie ''[[Lion of the Desert]]'', starring Anthony Quinn.<ref name="BBC_History"/> * Many major streets are named after him across Arab countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Salab" /> == Gallery == <gallery> Omar Mukhtar-عمر المختار2.jpg|Omar Mukhtar sitting Omar_Mokhtar_arrested_by_Italian_Officials.jpg|Al-Mukhtar surrounded by Italian officers after his capture Omar Mukhtar Execution-إعدام عمر المختار.png|The execution of Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Omar}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1931 deaths]] jfyi67qmqxzgdifdhmh2bwcie0l0it1 10882331 10882330 2026-06-09T14:18:47Z أوس 1638979 10882331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Eyalet of Tripolitania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = 16 September 1931 (aged 73) | death_place = [[Suluq]], [[Italian Cyrenaica]] | nickname = ''Shaykh ash-Shuhadā'' ({{lang-ar|شَيخ الشُّهَدَاء}}) | known_for = Leading native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya | native_name = عُمَر الْمُخْتَار }} '''Omar al-Mukhtar''' (20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called '''The Lion of the Desert''', was a Libyan revolutionary and Muslim religious teacher. He led the native resistance in Eastern Libya against the Italian colonization of Libya from 1911 until his death in 1931.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> He is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of freedom in the Arab and Islamic worlds.<ref name="Salab">as Salab, Ali Muhammad (2011). ''Omar Al Mokhtar Lion of the Desert (The Biography of Shaikh Omar Al Mukhtar)''. London: Al-Firdous. p. 1.</ref> == Early life == Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 near [[Tobruk]] in eastern Libya, which was then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He lost his father at a young age and grew up in poverty.<ref name="Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation; originally published by A. Mondadori, Milan, 1932)</ref> He studied for eight years at the Senussi University in [[Jaghbub, Libya|Jaghbub]], a holy city for the Senussi movement, where he became an [[Imam]] and an expert on the [[Quran]].<ref name="Graziani" /> Because of his leadership skills, the Senussi movement sent him to [[Chad]] in 1899 to help defend the region against the invading French military forces.<ref name="Salab" /> In 1902, he returned to northern Libya to manage local religious and social affairs as a Sheikh.<ref name="Shukri">Muhammad Fuad Shukri, "Al-Sanusiyya: A Faith & A State". Youssef El-Megreisi (editor) pg.271</ref> == The Italian invasion == In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the Italian navy attacked the Libyan coast and demanded the surrender of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]].<ref name="Vandervort">Vandervort, Bruce (1998). ''Wars Of Imperial Conquest In Africa, 1830-1914''. London: Routledge. p. 261.</ref> The Ottoman forces and local Libyans refused to surrender and withdrew into the countryside to fight back. This was the start of a long colonial war.<ref name="Vandervort" /> == Guerrilla warfare == [[File:Omar Mukhtar with the Libyan Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar (center) with Libyan fighters.]] Al-Mukhtar was a teacher by trade, but he was also highly skilled in desert warfare. He used his deep knowledge of local geography to fight the Italian army, which was not used to the harsh desert environment.<ref name="BBC">"Libya profile - Timeline", BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011</ref> He led small, fast groups of fighters to ambush Italian troops, attack their outposts, and cut their supply lines.<ref name="BBC" /> In 1930, Italian General [[Rodolfo Graziani]] took command. To defeat Al-Mukhtar, Graziani put more than 100,000 local Libyan people into concentration camps on the coast and built a wire fence along the border with Egypt.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> This stopped Al-Mukhtar’s fighters from getting food, weapons, or information from the people, which slowly weakened the resistance.<ref name="Graziani" /> == Capture and execution == [[File:Tajouri almokhtar.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar in court after his capture.]] On 11 September 1931, Al-Mukhtar was wounded in battle and captured by colonial troops near Slonta.<ref name="Quirico">Quirico, Domenico (2002). ''Lo squadrone bianco. Storia delle truppe coloniali italiane''. Milan: Edizioni Mondadori Le Scie. p. 313.</ref> On 16 September 1931, he was hanged to death by the Italian military court at the [[Suluq]] concentration camp before his followers.<ref name="Quirico" /> He was 73 years old, and he refused to surrender until the very end.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> == Legacy == * His image appears on the Libyan 10-[[Libyan dinar|dinar]] banknote.<ref name="BBC_History">"History through Libyan eyes", BBC News, 28 March 2011</ref> * His life story and fight against the Italians were shown in the famous 1981 movie ''[[Lion of the Desert]]'', starring Anthony Quinn.<ref name="BBC_History"/> * Many major streets are named after him across Arab countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Salab" /> == Gallery == <gallery> Omar Mukhtar-عمر المختار2.jpg|Omar Mukhtar sitting Omar_Mokhtar_arrested_by_Italian_Officials.jpg|Al-Mukhtar surrounded by Italian officers after his capture Omar Mukhtar Execution-إعدام عمر المختار.png|The execution of Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Omar}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1931 deaths]] qhkl75flkiv00gvoju0xhlddjwj6six 10882333 10882331 2026-06-09T14:19:27Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Eyalet of Tripolitania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = 16 September 1931 (aged 73) | death_place = [[Suluq]], [[Italian Cyrenaica]] | nickname = ''Shaykh ash-Shuhadā'' ({{lang-ar|شَيخ الشُّهَدَاء}}) | known_for = Leading native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya | native_name = عُمَر الْمُخْتَار }} '''Omar al-Mukhtar''' ({{lang-ar|عمر المختار}}, 20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called '''The Lion of the Desert''', was a Libyan revolutionary and Muslim religious teacher. He led the native resistance in Eastern Libya against the Italian colonization of Libya from 1911 until his death in 1931.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> He is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of freedom in the Arab and Islamic worlds.<ref name="Salab">as Salab, Ali Muhammad (2011). ''Omar Al Mokhtar Lion of the Desert (The Biography of Shaikh Omar Al Mukhtar)''. London: Al-Firdous. p. 1.</ref> == Early life == Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 near [[Tobruk]] in eastern Libya, which was then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He lost his father at a young age and grew up in poverty.<ref name="Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation; originally published by A. Mondadori, Milan, 1932)</ref> He studied for eight years at the Senussi University in [[Jaghbub, Libya|Jaghbub]], a holy city for the Senussi movement, where he became an [[Imam]] and an expert on the [[Quran]].<ref name="Graziani" /> Because of his leadership skills, the Senussi movement sent him to [[Chad]] in 1899 to help defend the region against the invading French military forces.<ref name="Salab" /> In 1902, he returned to northern Libya to manage local religious and social affairs as a Sheikh.<ref name="Shukri">Muhammad Fuad Shukri, "Al-Sanusiyya: A Faith & A State". Youssef El-Megreisi (editor) pg.271</ref> == The Italian invasion == In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the Italian navy attacked the Libyan coast and demanded the surrender of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]].<ref name="Vandervort">Vandervort, Bruce (1998). ''Wars Of Imperial Conquest In Africa, 1830-1914''. London: Routledge. p. 261.</ref> The Ottoman forces and local Libyans refused to surrender and withdrew into the countryside to fight back. This was the start of a long colonial war.<ref name="Vandervort" /> == Guerrilla warfare == [[File:Omar Mukhtar with the Libyan Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar (center) with Libyan fighters.]] Al-Mukhtar was a teacher by trade, but he was also highly skilled in desert warfare. He used his deep knowledge of local geography to fight the Italian army, which was not used to the harsh desert environment.<ref name="BBC">"Libya profile - Timeline", BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011</ref> He led small, fast groups of fighters to ambush Italian troops, attack their outposts, and cut their supply lines.<ref name="BBC" /> In 1930, Italian General [[Rodolfo Graziani]] took command. To defeat Al-Mukhtar, Graziani put more than 100,000 local Libyan people into concentration camps on the coast and built a wire fence along the border with Egypt.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> This stopped Al-Mukhtar’s fighters from getting food, weapons, or information from the people, which slowly weakened the resistance.<ref name="Graziani" /> == Capture and execution == [[File:Tajouri almokhtar.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar in court after his capture.]] On 11 September 1931, Al-Mukhtar was wounded in battle and captured by colonial troops near Slonta.<ref name="Quirico">Quirico, Domenico (2002). ''Lo squadrone bianco. Storia delle truppe coloniali italiane''. Milan: Edizioni Mondadori Le Scie. p. 313.</ref> On 16 September 1931, he was hanged to death by the Italian military court at the [[Suluq]] concentration camp before his followers.<ref name="Quirico" /> He was 73 years old, and he refused to surrender until the very end.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> == Legacy == * His image appears on the Libyan 10-[[Libyan dinar|dinar]] banknote.<ref name="BBC_History">"History through Libyan eyes", BBC News, 28 March 2011</ref> * His life story and fight against the Italians were shown in the famous 1981 movie ''[[Lion of the Desert]]'', starring Anthony Quinn.<ref name="BBC_History"/> * Many major streets are named after him across Arab countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Salab" /> == Gallery == <gallery> Omar Mukhtar-عمر المختار2.jpg|Omar Mukhtar sitting Omar_Mokhtar_arrested_by_Italian_Officials.jpg|Al-Mukhtar surrounded by Italian officers after his capture Omar Mukhtar Execution-إعدام عمر المختار.png|The execution of Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Omar}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1931 deaths]] rvv79pytrica7yjut3qf2d32gdy0yfc 10882334 10882333 2026-06-09T14:19:44Z أوس 1638979 /* Early life */ 10882334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Eyalet of Tripolitania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = 16 September 1931 (aged 73) | death_place = [[Suluq]], [[Italian Cyrenaica]] | nickname = ''Shaykh ash-Shuhadā'' ({{lang-ar|شَيخ الشُّهَدَاء}}) | known_for = Leading native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya | native_name = عُمَر الْمُخْتَار }} '''Omar al-Mukhtar''' ({{lang-ar|عمر المختار}}, 20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called '''The Lion of the Desert''', was a Libyan revolutionary and Muslim religious teacher. He led the native resistance in Eastern Libya against the Italian colonization of Libya from 1911 until his death in 1931.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> He is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of freedom in the Arab and Islamic worlds.<ref name="Salab">as Salab, Ali Muhammad (2011). ''Omar Al Mokhtar Lion of the Desert (The Biography of Shaikh Omar Al Mukhtar)''. London: Al-Firdous. p. 1.</ref> == Early life == Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 near [[Tobruk]] in eastern Libya, which was then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He lost his father at a young age and grew up in poverty.<ref name="Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation; originally published by A. Mondadori, Milan, 1932)</ref> He studied for eight years at the Senussi University in Jaghbub, a holy city for the Senussi movement, where he became an [[Imam]] and an expert on the [[Quran]].<ref name="Graziani" /> Because of his leadership skills, the Senussi movement sent him to [[Chad]] in 1899 to help defend the region against the invading French military forces.<ref name="Salab" /> In 1902, he returned to northern Libya to manage local religious and social affairs as a Sheikh.<ref name="Shukri">Muhammad Fuad Shukri, "Al-Sanusiyya: A Faith & A State". Youssef El-Megreisi (editor) pg.271</ref> == The Italian invasion == In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the Italian navy attacked the Libyan coast and demanded the surrender of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]].<ref name="Vandervort">Vandervort, Bruce (1998). ''Wars Of Imperial Conquest In Africa, 1830-1914''. London: Routledge. p. 261.</ref> The Ottoman forces and local Libyans refused to surrender and withdrew into the countryside to fight back. This was the start of a long colonial war.<ref name="Vandervort" /> == Guerrilla warfare == [[File:Omar Mukhtar with the Libyan Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar (center) with Libyan fighters.]] Al-Mukhtar was a teacher by trade, but he was also highly skilled in desert warfare. He used his deep knowledge of local geography to fight the Italian army, which was not used to the harsh desert environment.<ref name="BBC">"Libya profile - Timeline", BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011</ref> He led small, fast groups of fighters to ambush Italian troops, attack their outposts, and cut their supply lines.<ref name="BBC" /> In 1930, Italian General [[Rodolfo Graziani]] took command. To defeat Al-Mukhtar, Graziani put more than 100,000 local Libyan people into concentration camps on the coast and built a wire fence along the border with Egypt.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> This stopped Al-Mukhtar’s fighters from getting food, weapons, or information from the people, which slowly weakened the resistance.<ref name="Graziani" /> == Capture and execution == [[File:Tajouri almokhtar.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar in court after his capture.]] On 11 September 1931, Al-Mukhtar was wounded in battle and captured by colonial troops near Slonta.<ref name="Quirico">Quirico, Domenico (2002). ''Lo squadrone bianco. Storia delle truppe coloniali italiane''. Milan: Edizioni Mondadori Le Scie. p. 313.</ref> On 16 September 1931, he was hanged to death by the Italian military court at the [[Suluq]] concentration camp before his followers.<ref name="Quirico" /> He was 73 years old, and he refused to surrender until the very end.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> == Legacy == * His image appears on the Libyan 10-[[Libyan dinar|dinar]] banknote.<ref name="BBC_History">"History through Libyan eyes", BBC News, 28 March 2011</ref> * His life story and fight against the Italians were shown in the famous 1981 movie ''[[Lion of the Desert]]'', starring Anthony Quinn.<ref name="BBC_History"/> * Many major streets are named after him across Arab countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Salab" /> == Gallery == <gallery> Omar Mukhtar-عمر المختار2.jpg|Omar Mukhtar sitting Omar_Mokhtar_arrested_by_Italian_Officials.jpg|Al-Mukhtar surrounded by Italian officers after his capture Omar Mukhtar Execution-إعدام عمر المختار.png|The execution of Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Omar}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1931 deaths]] 03l2tf253eeolovvrtl3q00ymip4ajk 10882335 10882334 2026-06-09T14:20:01Z أوس 1638979 /* Legacy */ 10882335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Omar al-Mukhtar | image = Omar Mukhtar 13.jpg | office3 = Leader of Senussi Tribal Military | term3 = 24 April 1923 – 16 September 1931<ref name="Fasanotti">Federica Saini Fasanotti, "Counterinsurgency through the Sources of the Italian Army Libya 1922-1931" (Historical Office of the Italian Army, 2010) p. 296</ref> | birth_date = 20 August 1858 | birth_place = [[Benghazi]], [[Ottoman Tripolitania|Eyalet of Tripolitania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] | death_date = 16 September 1931 (aged 73) | death_place = [[Suluq]], [[Italian Cyrenaica]] | nickname = ''Shaykh ash-Shuhadā'' ({{lang-ar|شَيخ الشُّهَدَاء}}) | known_for = Leading native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya | native_name = عُمَر الْمُخْتَار }} '''Omar al-Mukhtar''' ({{lang-ar|عمر المختار}}, 20 August 1858 – 16 September 1931), called '''The Lion of the Desert''', was a Libyan revolutionary and Muslim religious teacher. He led the native resistance in Eastern Libya against the Italian colonization of Libya from 1911 until his death in 1931.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> He is considered the national hero of Libya and a symbol of freedom in the Arab and Islamic worlds.<ref name="Salab">as Salab, Ali Muhammad (2011). ''Omar Al Mokhtar Lion of the Desert (The Biography of Shaikh Omar Al Mukhtar)''. London: Al-Firdous. p. 1.</ref> == Early life == Omar Al-Mukhtar was born in 1858 near [[Tobruk]] in eastern Libya, which was then part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He lost his father at a young age and grew up in poverty.<ref name="Graziani">Rodolfo Graziani, "Cirenaica Pacificata" pg.269 (Benamer translation; originally published by A. Mondadori, Milan, 1932)</ref> He studied for eight years at the Senussi University in Jaghbub, a holy city for the Senussi movement, where he became an [[Imam]] and an expert on the [[Quran]].<ref name="Graziani" /> Because of his leadership skills, the Senussi movement sent him to [[Chad]] in 1899 to help defend the region against the invading French military forces.<ref name="Salab" /> In 1902, he returned to northern Libya to manage local religious and social affairs as a Sheikh.<ref name="Shukri">Muhammad Fuad Shukri, "Al-Sanusiyya: A Faith & A State". Youssef El-Megreisi (editor) pg.271</ref> == The Italian invasion == In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, the Italian navy attacked the Libyan coast and demanded the surrender of [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and [[Benghazi]].<ref name="Vandervort">Vandervort, Bruce (1998). ''Wars Of Imperial Conquest In Africa, 1830-1914''. London: Routledge. p. 261.</ref> The Ottoman forces and local Libyans refused to surrender and withdrew into the countryside to fight back. This was the start of a long colonial war.<ref name="Vandervort" /> == Guerrilla warfare == [[File:Omar Mukhtar with the Libyan Mujahideen.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar (center) with Libyan fighters.]] Al-Mukhtar was a teacher by trade, but he was also highly skilled in desert warfare. He used his deep knowledge of local geography to fight the Italian army, which was not used to the harsh desert environment.<ref name="BBC">"Libya profile - Timeline", BBC News Asia, 1 November 2011</ref> He led small, fast groups of fighters to ambush Italian troops, attack their outposts, and cut their supply lines.<ref name="BBC" /> In 1930, Italian General [[Rodolfo Graziani]] took command. To defeat Al-Mukhtar, Graziani put more than 100,000 local Libyan people into concentration camps on the coast and built a wire fence along the border with Egypt.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> This stopped Al-Mukhtar’s fighters from getting food, weapons, or information from the people, which slowly weakened the resistance.<ref name="Graziani" /> == Capture and execution == [[File:Tajouri almokhtar.jpg|thumb|Omar Mukhtar in court after his capture.]] On 11 September 1931, Al-Mukhtar was wounded in battle and captured by colonial troops near Slonta.<ref name="Quirico">Quirico, Domenico (2002). ''Lo squadrone bianco. Storia delle truppe coloniali italiane''. Milan: Edizioni Mondadori Le Scie. p. 313.</ref> On 16 September 1931, he was hanged to death by the Italian military court at the [[Suluq]] concentration camp before his followers.<ref name="Quirico" /> He was 73 years old, and he refused to surrender until the very end.<ref name="Fasanotti" /> == Legacy == * His image appears on the Libyan 10-dinar banknote.<ref name="BBC_History">"History through Libyan eyes", BBC News, 28 March 2011</ref> * His life story and fight against the Italians were shown in the famous 1981 movie ''Lion of the Desert'', starring Anthony Quinn.<ref name="BBC_History"/> * Many major streets are named after him across Arab countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Palestine, and Saudi Arabia.<ref name="Salab" /> == Gallery == <gallery> Omar Mukhtar-عمر المختار2.jpg|Omar Mukhtar sitting Omar_Mokhtar_arrested_by_Italian_Officials.jpg|Al-Mukhtar surrounded by Italian officers after his capture Omar Mukhtar Execution-إعدام عمر المختار.png|The execution of Omar al-Mukhtar in 1931 </gallery> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mukhtar, Omar}} [[Category:1858 births]] [[Category:1931 deaths]] 40evncsdr6oe7ssyhi5ypxx9bmv9e4v 1 1270782 10882332 2026-06-09T14:18:55Z ~2026-33867-01 1819095 /* Inga Ruginienė */ new section 10882332 wikitext text/x-wiki == Inga Ruginienė == Inga Ruginienė [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-33867-01|&#126;2026-33867-01]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-33867-01|talk]]) 14:18, 9 June 2026 (UTC) kdw25p3sd1vzfrph8yf9sqtg3t393k6 10882515 10882332 2026-06-09T18:45:05Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{Active politician}} {{BLP}} trrewwo6yty806nxhrsq28f99rjqlbf 0 1270783 10882336 2026-06-09T14:24:05Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tripolitania''' was a province of the [[Roman Empire]] in North Africa. Between the 2nd century BC and the 3rd century AD, people called this region '''Syrtica'''. In the 3rd century, Romans renamed it Tripolitania, which means "region of the three cities".<ref name="Roumani">Roumani, Maurice (2010). ''Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Online''. Brill.</ref> The name refers to its three main cities: [[Oea]] (modern [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]), [[Sabratha]], and [[Leptis Magna]]. == History == After [[Ancient Rome]] defeated [[Carthage]] in the [[Punic Wars]], the Romans took control of the region. They made it part of a large Roman province called [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]], which was managed by a Roman governor called a proconsul.<ref name="Mattingly">Mattingly, D. J. (1988). "The Olive Boom. Oil Surpluses, Wealth and Power in Roman Tripolitania". ''Libyan Studies'', 19, p. 27.</ref> Tripolitania had fewer large towns and cities than other parts of Roman Africa.<ref name="Mattingly" /> According to Jewish history, many Jewish people arrived in Tripolitania after the Roman army destroyed Jerusalem in 70 CE.<ref name="Roumani" /> Roman generals took Jewish prisoners and sold them to local people in areas like [[Yafran]].<ref name="Roumani" /> At the end of the 3rd century, Emperor [[Diocletian]] changed how the empire was managed. He created a larger area called the [[Diocese of Africa]], and Tripolitania became one of its official provinces. == Famous Ancient Cities == The region was famous for three great coastal cities: * **[[Leptis Magna]]**: A very wealthy city known for producing olive oil.<ref name="Mattingly" /> It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor [[Septimius Severus]]. * **[[Oea]]**: The ancient city that became the modern capital city of Tripoli. * **[[Sabratha]]**: A major trading port famous for its large Roman theater.<ref name="Saint-Martin">de Saint-Martin, Vivien (1861). "SUR LES ANCIENS SITES DE LA TRIPOLITAINE". ''Revue Archéologique'', 4, pp. 413–424.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tripolitania}} [[Category:Roman Empire]] hasr8ko62kgf3v0v509xfzk544ih8nq 10882337 10882336 2026-06-09T14:24:18Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tripolitania''' was a province of the [[Roman Empire]] in North Africa. Between the 2nd century BC and the 3rd century AD, people called this region '''Syrtica'''. In the 3rd century, Romans renamed it Tripolitania, which means "region of the three cities".<ref name="Roumani">Roumani, Maurice (2010). ''Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Online''. Brill.</ref> The name refers to its three main cities: Oea (modern [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]), Sabratha, and Leptis Magna. == History == After [[Ancient Rome]] defeated [[Carthage]] in the [[Punic Wars]], the Romans took control of the region. They made it part of a large Roman province called [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]], which was managed by a Roman governor called a proconsul.<ref name="Mattingly">Mattingly, D. J. (1988). "The Olive Boom. Oil Surpluses, Wealth and Power in Roman Tripolitania". ''Libyan Studies'', 19, p. 27.</ref> Tripolitania had fewer large towns and cities than other parts of Roman Africa.<ref name="Mattingly" /> According to Jewish history, many Jewish people arrived in Tripolitania after the Roman army destroyed Jerusalem in 70 CE.<ref name="Roumani" /> Roman generals took Jewish prisoners and sold them to local people in areas like [[Yafran]].<ref name="Roumani" /> At the end of the 3rd century, Emperor [[Diocletian]] changed how the empire was managed. He created a larger area called the [[Diocese of Africa]], and Tripolitania became one of its official provinces. == Famous Ancient Cities == The region was famous for three great coastal cities: * **[[Leptis Magna]]**: A very wealthy city known for producing olive oil.<ref name="Mattingly" /> It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor [[Septimius Severus]]. * **[[Oea]]**: The ancient city that became the modern capital city of Tripoli. * **[[Sabratha]]**: A major trading port famous for its large Roman theater.<ref name="Saint-Martin">de Saint-Martin, Vivien (1861). "SUR LES ANCIENS SITES DE LA TRIPOLITAINE". ''Revue Archéologique'', 4, pp. 413–424.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tripolitania}} [[Category:Roman Empire]] 6ugz0h92dw40dbld5hokwdfat4sxmwq 10882338 10882337 2026-06-09T14:24:31Z أوس 1638979 /* History */ 10882338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tripolitania''' was a province of the [[Roman Empire]] in North Africa. Between the 2nd century BC and the 3rd century AD, people called this region '''Syrtica'''. In the 3rd century, Romans renamed it Tripolitania, which means "region of the three cities".<ref name="Roumani">Roumani, Maurice (2010). ''Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Online''. Brill.</ref> The name refers to its three main cities: Oea (modern [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]), Sabratha, and Leptis Magna. == History == After [[Ancient Rome]] defeated [[Carthage]] in the [[Punic Wars]], the Romans took control of the region. They made it part of a large Roman province called [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]], which was managed by a Roman governor called a proconsul.<ref name="Mattingly">Mattingly, D. J. (1988). "The Olive Boom. Oil Surpluses, Wealth and Power in Roman Tripolitania". ''Libyan Studies'', 19, p. 27.</ref> Tripolitania had fewer large towns and cities than other parts of Roman Africa.<ref name="Mattingly" /> According to Jewish history, many Jewish people arrived in Tripolitania after the Roman army destroyed Jerusalem in 70 CE.<ref name="Roumani" /> Roman generals took Jewish prisoners and sold them to local people in areas like Yafran.<ref name="Roumani" /> At the end of the 3rd century, Emperor [[Diocletian]] changed how the empire was managed. He created a larger area called the Diocese of Africa, and Tripolitania became one of its official provinces. == Famous Ancient Cities == The region was famous for three great coastal cities: * **[[Leptis Magna]]**: A very wealthy city known for producing olive oil.<ref name="Mattingly" /> It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor [[Septimius Severus]]. * **[[Oea]]**: The ancient city that became the modern capital city of Tripoli. * **[[Sabratha]]**: A major trading port famous for its large Roman theater.<ref name="Saint-Martin">de Saint-Martin, Vivien (1861). "SUR LES ANCIENS SITES DE LA TRIPOLITAINE". ''Revue Archéologique'', 4, pp. 413–424.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tripolitania}} [[Category:Roman Empire]] khx2jiy4ujw0u1udasut1u3yuhwvjef 10882339 10882338 2026-06-09T14:24:57Z أوس 1638979 /* Famous Ancient Cities */ 10882339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tripolitania''' was a province of the [[Roman Empire]] in North Africa. Between the 2nd century BC and the 3rd century AD, people called this region '''Syrtica'''. In the 3rd century, Romans renamed it Tripolitania, which means "region of the three cities".<ref name="Roumani">Roumani, Maurice (2010). ''Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Online''. Brill.</ref> The name refers to its three main cities: Oea (modern [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]), Sabratha, and Leptis Magna. == History == After [[Ancient Rome]] defeated [[Carthage]] in the [[Punic Wars]], the Romans took control of the region. They made it part of a large Roman province called [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]], which was managed by a Roman governor called a proconsul.<ref name="Mattingly">Mattingly, D. J. (1988). "The Olive Boom. Oil Surpluses, Wealth and Power in Roman Tripolitania". ''Libyan Studies'', 19, p. 27.</ref> Tripolitania had fewer large towns and cities than other parts of Roman Africa.<ref name="Mattingly" /> According to Jewish history, many Jewish people arrived in Tripolitania after the Roman army destroyed Jerusalem in 70 CE.<ref name="Roumani" /> Roman generals took Jewish prisoners and sold them to local people in areas like Yafran.<ref name="Roumani" /> At the end of the 3rd century, Emperor [[Diocletian]] changed how the empire was managed. He created a larger area called the Diocese of Africa, and Tripolitania became one of its official provinces. == Famous Ancient Cities == The region was famous for three great coastal cities: * Leptis Magna: A very wealthy city known for producing olive oil.<ref name="Mattingly" /> It was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor [[Septimius Severus]]. * Oea: The ancient city that became the modern capital city of Tripoli. * Sabratha: A major trading port famous for its large Roman theater.<ref name="Saint-Martin">de Saint-Martin, Vivien (1861). "SUR LES ANCIENS SITES DE LA TRIPOLITAINE". ''Revue Archéologique'', 4, pp. 413–424.</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tripolitania}} [[Category:Roman Empire]] jb2yumn9pfw9er0207gdt21b44mbldw 0 1270784 10882342 2026-06-09T14:27:17Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rape pornography''' is a type of [[pornography]] that shows or describes [[rape]]. This type of pornography can be "simulated," where consenting adults act out a fake rape scene, or it can show a real sexual assault.<ref name="Odem">Odem, Mary E.; Clay-Warner, Jody (1998). ''Confronting Rape and Sexual Assault''. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 111.</ref> Showing sexual violence in mainstream movies or fictional media is not considered rape pornography.<ref name="2013WhatCultureCommentary">Simpson, Clare (15 November 2013). "10 Controversial Films With Scenes Of Explicit Sexual Violence". ''WhatCulture''.</ref> This genre is highly controversial. Many people argue that it encourages sexual violence against women and is linked to [[rape culture]].<ref name="Odem" /> However, scientific studies on the effects of pornography involving violence have produced conflicting results.<ref name="Hald">Hald, Gert Martin; Malamuth, Neil M.; Yuen, Carlin (2010). "Pornography and attitudes supporting violence against women". ''Aggressive Behavior'', 36(1), pp. 14–20.</ref> == Legality == The laws regarding simulated rape pornography vary by country, while making or sharing videos of actual rape is illegal everywhere. === United Kingdom === In the United Kingdom, it is a crime to possess pornographic images or videos that show simulated rape, even if they were made by consenting actors.<ref name="Jackman">Jackman, Myles (13 August 2013). "Government to 'get to grips' with Rape-Porn". ''Myles Jackman''.</ref> * Scotland: Passed a law in 2010 making the possession of "extreme" pornography illegal, which explicitly includes fake or simulated rape. * England and Wales: Passed a similar law in 2015 under Section 16 of the ''Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015''. This law makes it illegal to possess fake rape scenes made for entertainment, but it does not apply to regular fictional movies where actors follow a script.<ref name="Jackman" /> === Germany === In Germany, it is completely illegal to distribute any pornography that shows real or simulated rape scenes.<ref>German Criminal Code, Section 184a.</ref> === United States === The United States has very few legal restrictions on simulated or "fantasy" rape pornography involving consenting adults due to free speech protections.<ref name="washpost">Timberg, Craig (6 December 2013). "How violent porn site operators disappear behind Internet privacy protections". ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Law enforcement agencies focus their resources only on cases where a real crime or actual abuse took place during the filming.<ref name="washpost" /> == Real Abuse Cases == While many videos online are simulated, there have been major criminal cases where women and children were actually abused or forced into filming: * GirlsDoPorn: A major American internet company where managers used fraud, lies, and physical coercion to force young women into filming videos. In 2019, the owners were arrested and charged with federal [[sex trafficking]].<ref name="Xbiz GDP">Turner, Gustavo (17 October 2019). "Here's What You Need to Know About the GirlsDoPorn Case". ''XBIZ''.</ref> * The Nth Room Case: A major criminal case in South Korea in 2020. Criminal groups used blackmail to force women and underage girls to film extreme sexual videos, which were then sold to thousands of users in secret online chatrooms.<ref name="bbc20200325">Bicker, Laura (25 March 2020). "Cho Ju-bin: South Korea chatroom sex abuse suspect named after outcry". ''BBC News''.</ref> * Cybersex Trafficking: A form of modern slavery where victims are held by traffickers and forced to perform live sexual acts on webcams for paying online viewers.<ref name="IJM">"Cybersex Trafficking" (2020). International Justice Mission (IJM).</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rape Pornography}} [[Category:Pornography by genre]] [[Category:Pornography law]] 1r08m3f0igv0znjfbrr71sygu5u52ky 10882343 10882342 2026-06-09T14:27:49Z أوس 1638979 10882343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rape pornography''' is a type of [[pornography]] that shows or describes [[rape]]. This type of pornography can be "simulated," where consenting adults act out a fake rape scene, or it can show a real sexual assault.<ref name="Odem">Odem, Mary E.; Clay-Warner, Jody (1998). ''Confronting Rape and Sexual Assault''. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 111.</ref> Showing sexual violence in mainstream movies or fictional media is not considered rape pornography.<ref name="2013WhatCultureCommentary">Simpson, Clare (15 November 2013). "10 Controversial Films With Scenes Of Explicit Sexual Violence". ''WhatCulture''.</ref> This genre is highly controversial. Many people argue that it encourages sexual violence against women and is linked to [[rape culture]].<ref name="Odem" /> However, scientific studies on the effects of pornography involving violence have produced conflicting results.<ref name="Hald">Hald, Gert Martin; Malamuth, Neil M.; Yuen, Carlin (2010). "Pornography and attitudes supporting violence against women". ''Aggressive Behavior'', 36(1), pp. 14–20.</ref> == Legality == The laws regarding simulated rape pornography vary by country, while making or sharing videos of actual rape is illegal everywhere. === United Kingdom === In the United Kingdom, it is a crime to possess pornographic images or videos that show simulated rape, even if they were made by consenting actors.<ref name="Jackman">Jackman, Myles (13 August 2013). "Government to 'get to grips' with Rape-Porn". ''Myles Jackman''.</ref> * Scotland: Passed a law in 2010 making the possession of "extreme" pornography illegal, which explicitly includes fake or simulated rape. * England and Wales: Passed a similar law in 2015 under Section 16 of the ''Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015''. This law makes it illegal to possess fake rape scenes made for entertainment, but it does not apply to regular fictional movies where actors follow a script.<ref name="Jackman" /> === Germany === In Germany, it is completely illegal to distribute any pornography that shows real or simulated rape scenes.<ref>German Criminal Code, Section 184a.</ref> === United States === The United States has very few legal restrictions on simulated or "fantasy" rape pornography involving consenting adults due to free speech protections.<ref name="washpost">Timberg, Craig (6 December 2013). "How violent porn site operators disappear behind Internet privacy protections". ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Law enforcement agencies focus their resources only on cases where a real crime or actual abuse took place during the filming.<ref name="washpost" /> == Real Abuse Cases == While many videos online are simulated, there have been major criminal cases where women and children were actually abused or forced into filming: * GirlsDoPorn: A major American internet company where managers used fraud, lies, and physical coercion to force young women into filming videos. In 2019, the owners were arrested and charged with federal [[sex trafficking]].<ref name="Xbiz GDP">Turner, Gustavo (17 October 2019). "Here's What You Need to Know About the GirlsDoPorn Case". ''XBIZ''.</ref> * The Nth Room Case: A major criminal case in South Korea in 2020. Criminal groups used blackmail to force women and underage girls to film extreme sexual videos, which were then sold to thousands of users in secret online chatrooms.<ref name="bbc20200325">Bicker, Laura (25 March 2020). "Cho Ju-bin: South Korea chatroom sex abuse suspect named after outcry". ''BBC News''.</ref> * Cybersex Trafficking: A form of modern slavery where victims are held by traffickers and forced to perform live sexual acts on webcams for paying online viewers.<ref name="IJM">"Cybersex Trafficking" (2020). International Justice Mission (IJM).</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rape Pornography}} kkzjnr46o8fqmezbkfvkbqtbbmc8led 10882344 10882343 2026-06-09T14:28:00Z أوس 1638979 added [[Category:Pornography]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rape pornography''' is a type of [[pornography]] that shows or describes [[rape]]. This type of pornography can be "simulated," where consenting adults act out a fake rape scene, or it can show a real sexual assault.<ref name="Odem">Odem, Mary E.; Clay-Warner, Jody (1998). ''Confronting Rape and Sexual Assault''. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 111.</ref> Showing sexual violence in mainstream movies or fictional media is not considered rape pornography.<ref name="2013WhatCultureCommentary">Simpson, Clare (15 November 2013). "10 Controversial Films With Scenes Of Explicit Sexual Violence". ''WhatCulture''.</ref> This genre is highly controversial. Many people argue that it encourages sexual violence against women and is linked to [[rape culture]].<ref name="Odem" /> However, scientific studies on the effects of pornography involving violence have produced conflicting results.<ref name="Hald">Hald, Gert Martin; Malamuth, Neil M.; Yuen, Carlin (2010). "Pornography and attitudes supporting violence against women". ''Aggressive Behavior'', 36(1), pp. 14–20.</ref> == Legality == The laws regarding simulated rape pornography vary by country, while making or sharing videos of actual rape is illegal everywhere. === United Kingdom === In the United Kingdom, it is a crime to possess pornographic images or videos that show simulated rape, even if they were made by consenting actors.<ref name="Jackman">Jackman, Myles (13 August 2013). "Government to 'get to grips' with Rape-Porn". ''Myles Jackman''.</ref> * Scotland: Passed a law in 2010 making the possession of "extreme" pornography illegal, which explicitly includes fake or simulated rape. * England and Wales: Passed a similar law in 2015 under Section 16 of the ''Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015''. This law makes it illegal to possess fake rape scenes made for entertainment, but it does not apply to regular fictional movies where actors follow a script.<ref name="Jackman" /> === Germany === In Germany, it is completely illegal to distribute any pornography that shows real or simulated rape scenes.<ref>German Criminal Code, Section 184a.</ref> === United States === The United States has very few legal restrictions on simulated or "fantasy" rape pornography involving consenting adults due to free speech protections.<ref name="washpost">Timberg, Craig (6 December 2013). "How violent porn site operators disappear behind Internet privacy protections". ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Law enforcement agencies focus their resources only on cases where a real crime or actual abuse took place during the filming.<ref name="washpost" /> == Real Abuse Cases == While many videos online are simulated, there have been major criminal cases where women and children were actually abused or forced into filming: * GirlsDoPorn: A major American internet company where managers used fraud, lies, and physical coercion to force young women into filming videos. In 2019, the owners were arrested and charged with federal [[sex trafficking]].<ref name="Xbiz GDP">Turner, Gustavo (17 October 2019). "Here's What You Need to Know About the GirlsDoPorn Case". ''XBIZ''.</ref> * The Nth Room Case: A major criminal case in South Korea in 2020. Criminal groups used blackmail to force women and underage girls to film extreme sexual videos, which were then sold to thousands of users in secret online chatrooms.<ref name="bbc20200325">Bicker, Laura (25 March 2020). "Cho Ju-bin: South Korea chatroom sex abuse suspect named after outcry". ''BBC News''.</ref> * Cybersex Trafficking: A form of modern slavery where victims are held by traffickers and forced to perform live sexual acts on webcams for paying online viewers.<ref name="IJM">"Cybersex Trafficking" (2020). International Justice Mission (IJM).</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rape Pornography}} [[Category:Pornography]] flqgxajz5k17ry6yn5oiivcntx6czgd 0 1270785 10882349 2026-06-09T14:31:23Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Twee buffels met een skoot morsdood geskiet fontein''' is a farm in the [[North West (South African province)|North West province]] of South Africa. It is famous for its very long name. With 44 letters, it has the longest place name in South Africa, and one of the longest in the world.<ref name="WorldAtlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/places/longest-place-names-in-the-world.html|last=Douglas|first=Andrew|date=18 August 2022|title=Longest Place Names In The World|work=World Atlas|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> The name is in the [[Afrikaans]] language. It means "the spring where two buffaloes were shot stone-dead with one shot." To make it shorter, people sometimes just call it ''Twee buffels''. == Name meaning == The name shows how the Afrikaans language can glue many words together into one long word to describe a single idea. The different parts of the name mean: * ''Twee buffels'': Two buffaloes * ''met een skoot'': with one shot * ''morsdood'': stone-dead * ''geskiet'': shot * ''fontein'': a spring or fountain == History == The government of the old [[South African Republic]] first gave the land to a man named A.P. de Nysschen on 24 April 1866. During the [[Second Boer War]], British records from 1901 show that five people lived on the farm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.lib.uct.ac.za/mss/bccd/Farm/1848/Tweebuffels/|title=Tweebuffels|publisher=British Concentration Camps Database (BCCD)|agency=University of Cape Town|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> In 1985, the farm became even more famous in South Africa because of a popular Afrikaans song named after it, written by Fanus Rautenbach and sung by Anton Goosen. == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tweebuffels}} [[Category:Farms in South Africa]] f1fuxz6sn80cin033n4ow9ocx05eaw4 10882350 10882349 2026-06-09T14:31:30Z أوس 1638979 removed [[Category:Farms in South Africa]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Twee buffels met een skoot morsdood geskiet fontein''' is a farm in the [[North West (South African province)|North West province]] of South Africa. It is famous for its very long name. With 44 letters, it has the longest place name in South Africa, and one of the longest in the world.<ref name="WorldAtlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/places/longest-place-names-in-the-world.html|last=Douglas|first=Andrew|date=18 August 2022|title=Longest Place Names In The World|work=World Atlas|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> The name is in the [[Afrikaans]] language. It means "the spring where two buffaloes were shot stone-dead with one shot." To make it shorter, people sometimes just call it ''Twee buffels''. == Name meaning == The name shows how the Afrikaans language can glue many words together into one long word to describe a single idea. The different parts of the name mean: * ''Twee buffels'': Two buffaloes * ''met een skoot'': with one shot * ''morsdood'': stone-dead * ''geskiet'': shot * ''fontein'': a spring or fountain == History == The government of the old [[South African Republic]] first gave the land to a man named A.P. de Nysschen on 24 April 1866. During the [[Second Boer War]], British records from 1901 show that five people lived on the farm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.lib.uct.ac.za/mss/bccd/Farm/1848/Tweebuffels/|title=Tweebuffels|publisher=British Concentration Camps Database (BCCD)|agency=University of Cape Town|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> In 1985, the farm became even more famous in South Africa because of a popular Afrikaans song named after it, written by Fanus Rautenbach and sung by Anton Goosen. == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tweebuffels}} 8xt7a2i7nvf1ic3xdjkl7sj6kb0tnvz 10882351 10882350 2026-06-09T14:31:59Z أوس 1638979 added [[Category:1866 establishments]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Twee buffels met een skoot morsdood geskiet fontein''' is a farm in the [[North West (South African province)|North West province]] of South Africa. It is famous for its very long name. With 44 letters, it has the longest place name in South Africa, and one of the longest in the world.<ref name="WorldAtlas">{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/places/longest-place-names-in-the-world.html|last=Douglas|first=Andrew|date=18 August 2022|title=Longest Place Names In The World|work=World Atlas|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> The name is in the [[Afrikaans]] language. It means "the spring where two buffaloes were shot stone-dead with one shot." To make it shorter, people sometimes just call it ''Twee buffels''. == Name meaning == The name shows how the Afrikaans language can glue many words together into one long word to describe a single idea. The different parts of the name mean: * ''Twee buffels'': Two buffaloes * ''met een skoot'': with one shot * ''morsdood'': stone-dead * ''geskiet'': shot * ''fontein'': a spring or fountain == History == The government of the old [[South African Republic]] first gave the land to a man named A.P. de Nysschen on 24 April 1866. During the [[Second Boer War]], British records from 1901 show that five people lived on the farm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.lib.uct.ac.za/mss/bccd/Farm/1848/Tweebuffels/|title=Tweebuffels|publisher=British Concentration Camps Database (BCCD)|agency=University of Cape Town|access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> In 1985, the farm became even more famous in South Africa because of a popular Afrikaans song named after it, written by Fanus Rautenbach and sung by Anton Goosen. == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tweebuffels}} [[Category:1866 establishments]] tgud321ewcmoyv7gtmjjo4zhric3wqs 0 1270786 10882353 2026-06-09T14:34:46Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher''' is a grammatically correct sentence in the English language. It is used as a puzzle or a test to show how important [[punctuation]] is. Punctuation acts like the tone of voice and pauses when we speak.<ref name="Magonet">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Rabbi_Reads_the_Bible/Wl9qT9T7aRYC|title=A Rabbi Reads the Bible|last=Magonet|first=Jonathan|year=2004|work=Google Books}}</ref> Without punctuation, the sentence looks like a meaningless repeat of the word "had". In language research, this sentence shows how readers need punctuation to understand the correct meaning of a text.<ref name="Velde">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Text_and_Thinking/sa2Ir6WQtcQC|title=Text and Thinking|last=van de Velde|first=Roger G.|year=1992|work=Google Books}}</ref> == Meaning == The sentence is about two students, James and John. Their English teacher asked them to write a sentence about a man who had a cold in the past. * John wrote: "The man '''had''' a cold." * James wrote: "The man '''had had''' a cold." Because James used the correct [[Past perfect|past perfect]] grammar, his answer was better. To make the sentence easy to understand, we must add quotation marks and commas: {{quote|"James, while John had had 'had', had had 'had had'; 'had had' had had a better effect on the teacher."<ref name="BusinessInsider">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/weird-sentences-2014-1|title=9 Bizarre Sentences That Are Perfectly Accurate|last=Sterbenz|first=Christina|date=8 January 2014|work=Business Insider}}</ref>}} This means: While John used the word "had", James used the words "had had". The words "had had" pleased the teacher more. == Usage == This sentence is often used in schools and tests as a grammatical word game.<ref name="Jackson">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grammar_and_Vocabulary/wPq6bSd-CwEC|title=Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students|last=Jackson|first=Howard|year=2002|work=Google Books}}</ref> It is also used by scientists to study how the human brain processes information and how the choice of words can change our understanding of a sentence.<ref name="Weick">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Making_Sense_of_the_Organization/agZzW4mqS4wC|title=Making Sense of the Organization|last=Weick|first=Karl E.|year=2005|work=Google Books}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:James while John}} [[Category:English phrases]] [[Category:Word games]] rvmf1n2z8lkkmcu7i0tnn22l6mlg90m 10882355 10882353 2026-06-09T14:34:58Z أوس 1638979 10882355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher''' is a grammatically correct sentence in the English language. It is used as a puzzle or a test to show how important [[punctuation]] is. Punctuation acts like the tone of voice and pauses when we speak.<ref name="Magonet">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Rabbi_Reads_the_Bible/Wl9qT9T7aRYC|title=A Rabbi Reads the Bible|last=Magonet|first=Jonathan|year=2004|work=Google Books}}</ref> Without punctuation, the sentence looks like a meaningless repeat of the word "had". In language research, this sentence shows how readers need punctuation to understand the correct meaning of a text.<ref name="Velde">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Text_and_Thinking/sa2Ir6WQtcQC|title=Text and Thinking|last=van de Velde|first=Roger G.|year=1992|work=Google Books}}</ref> == Meaning == The sentence is about two students, James and John. Their English teacher asked them to write a sentence about a man who had a cold in the past. * John wrote: "The man '''had''' a cold." * James wrote: "The man '''had had''' a cold." Because James used the correct [[Past perfect|past perfect]] grammar, his answer was better. To make the sentence easy to understand, we must add quotation marks and commas: {{quote|"James, while John had had 'had', had had 'had had'; 'had had' had had a better effect on the teacher."<ref name="BusinessInsider">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/weird-sentences-2014-1|title=9 Bizarre Sentences That Are Perfectly Accurate|last=Sterbenz|first=Christina|date=8 January 2014|work=Business Insider}}</ref>}} This means: While John used the word "had", James used the words "had had". The words "had had" pleased the teacher more. == Usage == This sentence is often used in schools and tests as a grammatical word game.<ref name="Jackson">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grammar_and_Vocabulary/wPq6bSd-CwEC|title=Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students|last=Jackson|first=Howard|year=2002|work=Google Books}}</ref> It is also used by scientists to study how the human brain processes information and how the choice of words can change our understanding of a sentence.<ref name="Weick">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Making_Sense_of_the_Organization/agZzW4mqS4wC|title=Making Sense of the Organization|last=Weick|first=Karl E.|year=2005|work=Google Books}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:James while John}} [[Category:Word games]] 0ckj0xdn9x993lv42hwztl9evs94xr6 10882356 10882355 2026-06-09T14:35:14Z أوس 1638979 /* Meaning */ 10882356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher''' is a grammatically correct sentence in the English language. It is used as a puzzle or a test to show how important [[punctuation]] is. Punctuation acts like the tone of voice and pauses when we speak.<ref name="Magonet">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Rabbi_Reads_the_Bible/Wl9qT9T7aRYC|title=A Rabbi Reads the Bible|last=Magonet|first=Jonathan|year=2004|work=Google Books}}</ref> Without punctuation, the sentence looks like a meaningless repeat of the word "had". In language research, this sentence shows how readers need punctuation to understand the correct meaning of a text.<ref name="Velde">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Text_and_Thinking/sa2Ir6WQtcQC|title=Text and Thinking|last=van de Velde|first=Roger G.|year=1992|work=Google Books}}</ref> == Meaning == The sentence is about two students, James and John. Their English teacher asked them to write a sentence about a man who had a cold in the past. * John wrote: "The man '''had''' a cold." * James wrote: "The man '''had had''' a cold." Because James used the correct past perfect grammar, his answer was better. To make the sentence easy to understand, we must add quotation marks and commas: {{quote|"James, while John had had 'had', had had 'had had'; 'had had' had had a better effect on the teacher."<ref name="BusinessInsider">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/weird-sentences-2014-1|title=9 Bizarre Sentences That Are Perfectly Accurate|last=Sterbenz|first=Christina|date=8 January 2014|work=Business Insider}}</ref>}} This means: While John used the word "had", James used the words "had had". The words "had had" pleased the teacher more. == Usage == This sentence is often used in schools and tests as a grammatical word game.<ref name="Jackson">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grammar_and_Vocabulary/wPq6bSd-CwEC|title=Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students|last=Jackson|first=Howard|year=2002|work=Google Books}}</ref> It is also used by scientists to study how the human brain processes information and how the choice of words can change our understanding of a sentence.<ref name="Weick">{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Making_Sense_of_the_Organization/agZzW4mqS4wC|title=Making Sense of the Organization|last=Weick|first=Karl E.|year=2005|work=Google Books}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:James while John}} [[Category:Word games]] tmd7xy99tujmtb52zxq4i211z3dkagh 0 1270787 10882360 2026-06-09T14:37:37Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a [[De facto embassy|''de facto'' embassy]] to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the [[Taiwan Relations Act]]. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * [[Charles T. Cross]] (1979–1981) * [[James R. Lilley]] (1981–1984) * [[Harry E. T. Thayer]] (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * [[B. Lynn Pascoe]] (1993–1996) * [[Darryl Norman Johnson]] (1996–1999) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (1999–2001) * [[Douglas H. Paal]] (2002–2006) * [[Stephen M. Young (diplomat)|Stephen Young]] (2006–2009) * [[William A. Stanton]] (2009–2012) * [[Christopher J. Marut]] (2012–2015) * [[Kin W. Moy]] (2015–2018) * [[Brent Christensen]] (2018–2021) * [[Sandra Oudkirk]] (2021–2024) * [[Raymond F. Greene]] (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * [[Natale H. Bellocchi]] (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * [[Richard C. Bush]] (1997–2002) * [[Therese Shaheen]] (2002–2004) * [[William Andreas Brown]] (2004–2006; acting) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (2006–2016) * [[James F. Moriarty]] (2016–2023) * [[Laura Rosenberger]] (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} [[Category:Taiwan–United States relations]] [[Category:Diplomatic missions of the United States]] 1phlkdnumgbkkhwm5hqdvldqulzn2as 10882361 10882360 2026-06-09T14:37:50Z أوس 1638979 /* */ 10882361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a ''de facto'' embassy to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the [[Taiwan Relations Act]]. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * [[Charles T. Cross]] (1979–1981) * [[James R. Lilley]] (1981–1984) * [[Harry E. T. Thayer]] (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * [[B. Lynn Pascoe]] (1993–1996) * [[Darryl Norman Johnson]] (1996–1999) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (1999–2001) * [[Douglas H. Paal]] (2002–2006) * [[Stephen M. Young (diplomat)|Stephen Young]] (2006–2009) * [[William A. Stanton]] (2009–2012) * [[Christopher J. Marut]] (2012–2015) * [[Kin W. Moy]] (2015–2018) * [[Brent Christensen]] (2018–2021) * [[Sandra Oudkirk]] (2021–2024) * [[Raymond F. Greene]] (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * [[Natale H. Bellocchi]] (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * [[Richard C. Bush]] (1997–2002) * [[Therese Shaheen]] (2002–2004) * [[William Andreas Brown]] (2004–2006; acting) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (2006–2016) * [[James F. Moriarty]] (2016–2023) * [[Laura Rosenberger]] (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} [[Category:Taiwan–United States relations]] [[Category:Diplomatic missions of the United States]] 0v85iwzkp6x2snacf9nfpjfyv6szsdk 10882362 10882361 2026-06-09T14:37:59Z أوس 1638979 /* Overview */ 10882362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a ''de facto'' embassy to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the Taiwan Relations Act. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * [[Charles T. Cross]] (1979–1981) * [[James R. Lilley]] (1981–1984) * [[Harry E. T. Thayer]] (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * [[B. Lynn Pascoe]] (1993–1996) * [[Darryl Norman Johnson]] (1996–1999) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (1999–2001) * [[Douglas H. Paal]] (2002–2006) * [[Stephen M. Young (diplomat)|Stephen Young]] (2006–2009) * [[William A. Stanton]] (2009–2012) * [[Christopher J. Marut]] (2012–2015) * [[Kin W. Moy]] (2015–2018) * [[Brent Christensen]] (2018–2021) * [[Sandra Oudkirk]] (2021–2024) * [[Raymond F. Greene]] (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * [[Natale H. Bellocchi]] (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * [[Richard C. Bush]] (1997–2002) * [[Therese Shaheen]] (2002–2004) * [[William Andreas Brown]] (2004–2006; acting) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (2006–2016) * [[James F. Moriarty]] (2016–2023) * [[Laura Rosenberger]] (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} [[Category:Taiwan–United States relations]] [[Category:Diplomatic missions of the United States]] o78o6s7qdz9xv537sv1rh1oek6vqswa 10882363 10882362 2026-06-09T14:38:21Z أوس 1638979 /* Principal Officers */ 10882363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a ''de facto'' embassy to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the Taiwan Relations Act. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * Charles T. Cross (1979–1981) * James R. Lilley (1981–1984) * Harry E. T. Thayer (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * B. Lynn Pascoe (1993–1996) * Darryl Norman Johnson (1996–1999) * Raymond Burghardt (1999–2001) * Douglas H. Paal (2002–2006) * Stephen Young (2006–2009) * [[William A. Stanton]] (2009–2012) * [[Christopher J. Marut]] (2012–2015) * [[Kin W. Moy]] (2015–2018) * [[Brent Christensen]] (2018–2021) * [[Sandra Oudkirk]] (2021–2024) * [[Raymond F. Greene]] (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * [[Natale H. Bellocchi]] (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * [[Richard C. Bush]] (1997–2002) * [[Therese Shaheen]] (2002–2004) * [[William Andreas Brown]] (2004–2006; acting) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (2006–2016) * [[James F. Moriarty]] (2016–2023) * [[Laura Rosenberger]] (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} [[Category:Taiwan–United States relations]] [[Category:Diplomatic missions of the United States]] nr9rxp6wipkz6z1kgnvhdmdb5dhi5zs 10882364 10882363 2026-06-09T14:38:39Z أوس 1638979 /* List of Directors */ 10882364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a ''de facto'' embassy to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the Taiwan Relations Act. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * Charles T. Cross (1979–1981) * James R. Lilley (1981–1984) * Harry E. T. Thayer (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * B. Lynn Pascoe (1993–1996) * Darryl Norman Johnson (1996–1999) * Raymond Burghardt (1999–2001) * Douglas H. Paal (2002–2006) * Stephen Young (2006–2009) * William A. Stanton (2009–2012) * Christopher J. Marut (2012–2015) * Kin W. Moy (2015–2018) * Brent Christensen (2018–2021) * Sandra Oudkirk (2021–2024) * Raymond F. Greene (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * [[Natale H. Bellocchi]] (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * [[Richard C. Bush]] (1997–2002) * [[Therese Shaheen]] (2002–2004) * [[William Andreas Brown]] (2004–2006; acting) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (2006–2016) * [[James F. Moriarty]] (2016–2023) * [[Laura Rosenberger]] (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} [[Category:Taiwan–United States relations]] [[Category:Diplomatic missions of the United States]] 4t7ouu8d4mqw0272od396qadoolefpg 10882365 10882364 2026-06-09T14:38:58Z أوس 1638979 10882365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a ''de facto'' embassy to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the Taiwan Relations Act. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * Charles T. Cross (1979–1981) * James R. Lilley (1981–1984) * Harry E. T. Thayer (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * B. Lynn Pascoe (1993–1996) * Darryl Norman Johnson (1996–1999) * Raymond Burghardt (1999–2001) * Douglas H. Paal (2002–2006) * Stephen Young (2006–2009) * William A. Stanton (2009–2012) * Christopher J. Marut (2012–2015) * Kin W. Moy (2015–2018) * Brent Christensen (2018–2021) * Sandra Oudkirk (2021–2024) * Raymond F. Greene (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * [[Natale H. Bellocchi]] (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * [[Richard C. Bush]] (1997–2002) * [[Therese Shaheen]] (2002–2004) * [[William Andreas Brown]] (2004–2006; acting) * [[Raymond Burghardt]] (2006–2016) * [[James F. Moriarty]] (2016–2023) * [[Laura Rosenberger]] (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} r2dze2un7m7wzw9j9x4t36xvso4l9c6 10882367 10882365 2026-06-09T14:39:25Z أوس 1638979 /* List of Chairpersons */ 10882367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = American Institute in Taiwan | type = U.S. Government-Sponsored Nonprofit, Private Corporation | services = [[De facto embassy|''De facto'' embassy]] functions | logo = American Institute in Taiwan Logo (cropped).svg | image = AIT NOC dedication ceremony - Flickr id 29162044008.jpg | caption = American Institute in Taipei, with the [[flag of the United States]] flown out front | location = 100 Jinhu Road, Neihu District, [[Taipei city]], 114017 | founded = [[Washington, D.C.]] (16 January 1979) | founder = [[Harvey J. Feldman]] (U.S. diplomat) | headquarters = [[Rosslyn, Virginia|Rosslyn]], [[Arlington, Virginia]] | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Vacant | leader_title2 = Director | leader_name2 = [[Raymond F. Greene]]<ref name="Raymond-2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/raymond-f-greene-assumes-position-as-ait-director/|title=Raymond F. Greene Assumes Position as AIT Director|date=9 July 2024|website=American Institute in Taiwan}}</ref> | region_served = Taiwan | website = [https://www.ait.org.tw ait.org.tw] }} The '''American Institute in Taiwan''' (AIT; {{zh|t=美國在台協會}}) is the unofficial mission of the [[United States of America]] in Taiwan. It is a private, nonprofit corporation backed by the United States government.<ref name="CRS">"The Quasi Government". Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.</ref> It serves as a ''de facto'' embassy to protect American interests in the region. AIT is staffed primarily by workers from the [[United States Department of State]]. It offers regular visa and consular services for American citizens, just like an official embassy. It also receives full protection from the [[United States Marine Corps]]. == Overview == The institute was created on 16 January 1979 under the Taiwan Relations Act. This happened after the United States established formal diplomatic relations with the [[China|People's Republic of China (PRC)]] and had to end official ties with Taiwan.<ref name="StateDept">"U.S. Relations With Taiwan". United States Department of State.</ref> This setup was based on the "Japanese Model," which Japan used to keep unofficial ties with Taiwan after 1972. While relations are technically informal, the United States government treats agreements made through AIT similarly to international agreements made with formal diplomatic allies. AIT has its main headquarters in [[Arlington County, Virginia]], and its largest operations office in [[Taipei]]. It also has a smaller branch office in the southern port city of [[Kaohsiung]]. == Taipei Compound == In June 2018, AIT unveiled a new 250 million dollar office complex in the [[Neihu District]] of Taipei.<ref>Horton, Chris (12 June 2018). "U.S. Unveils an Office in Taiwan, but Sends No Top Officials". ''The New York Times''.</ref> The modern compound officially opened in 2019, replacing the old site in the Daan District that had been used since 1979. To mark the opening, officials buried a time capsule on the grounds that is not to be opened for 50 years. == Principal Officers == === List of Directors === The director of the Taipei office holds the same operational rank as an ambassador. * Charles T. Cross (1979–1981) * James R. Lilley (1981–1984) * Harry E. T. Thayer (1984–1986) * David Dean (1987–1989) * Thomas S. Brooks (1990–1993) * B. Lynn Pascoe (1993–1996) * Darryl Norman Johnson (1996–1999) * Raymond Burghardt (1999–2001) * Douglas H. Paal (2002–2006) * Stephen Young (2006–2009) * William A. Stanton (2009–2012) * Christopher J. Marut (2012–2015) * Kin W. Moy (2015–2018) * Brent Christensen (2018–2021) * Sandra Oudkirk (2021–2024) * Raymond F. Greene (2024–present)<ref name="Raymond-2024" /> === List of Chairpersons === * David Dean (1979–1986) * David N. Laux (1986–1990) * Natale H. Bellocchi (1990–1995) * James C. Wood Jr. (1996–1997) * Richard C. Bush (1997–2002) * Therese Shaheen (2002–2004) * William Andreas Brown (2004–2006; acting) * Raymond Burghardt (2006–2016) * James F. Moriarty (2016–2023) * Laura Rosenberger (2023–2025) == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:American Institute In Taiwan}} hf1yzvlksk7dwoz211s3ulpo8sbtv63 0 1270788 10882372 2026-06-09T14:44:10Z أوس 1638979 Created page with "'''Earned Wage Access (EWA)''' (also known as instant pay, accrued wage access, or on-demand pay) is a financial service that allows employees to access a portion of their earned but unpaid wages before their regular payday.<ref name="CFPB_Developments">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Data Spotlight: Developments in the Paycheck Advance Market |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-spotlight-developments-in-the-paycheck-advance-mark..." 10882372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earned Wage Access (EWA)''' (also known as instant pay, accrued wage access, or on-demand pay) is a financial service that allows employees to access a portion of their earned but unpaid wages before their regular payday.<ref name="CFPB_Developments">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Data Spotlight: Developments in the Paycheck Advance Market |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-spotlight-developments-in-the-paycheck-advance-market/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau}}</ref> Unlike traditional loans, true EWA services integrate directly with an employer's payroll system. When a worker uses EWA, the amount they withdraw is automatically deducted from their next paycheck.<ref name="CFPB_Developments" /> The [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] (CFPB) has ruled that employer-integrated EWA products are not considered credit or lending products, meaning they are not subject to interest charges.<ref name="RegZ">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2025 |title=Truth in Lending (Regulation Z); Non-application to Earned Wage Access Products |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23735/truth-in-lending-regulation-z-non-application-to-earned-wage-access-products |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Federal Register}}</ref> == How it works == EWA systems connect directly to a company's time-tracking and payroll databases. This allows the EWA application to show employees how many hours they have worked and how much money they have earned in real time.<ref name="ADP">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=What is a Payroll Advance? |url=https://www.adp.com/resources/articles-and-insights/articles/p/payroll-advance.aspx |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=ADP}}</ref> Employees can choose to transfer a percentage of these accrued earnings to their bank account or a debit card for a small, flat transaction fee. Some employers choose to pay this fee as an employee benefit.<ref name="RegZ" /> Because the funds are backed by hours the recipient has already worked, the financial risk for providers is much lower than traditional unsecured personal loans. === Direct-to-consumer alternatives If an employer does not offer integrated EWA, some companies offer early payment apps directly to consumers. These services rely on bank account history and electronic timesheets to estimate earnings.<ref name="RegZ" /> The CFPB treats these direct-to-consumer apps as a form of credit because they function as short-term cash advances and can carry high hidden costs.<ref name="RegZ" /> == History == The concept of Earned Wage Access was created in 2012 when the company [[Payactiv]] launched the first employer-sponsored EWA program in the United States. The service grew quickly during the 2010s. In 2016, [[Uber]] partnered with Green Dot to allow drivers to cash out their earnings instantly after finishing a ride. A year later, [[Walmart]] introduced EWA for its 1.4 million U.S. workers through Payactiv. In 2021, the accounting software giant [[Sage Group]] integrated EWA directly into its business platform in the United Kingdom, where monthly pay cycles are common. By 2020, U.S. workers were making over 56 million early wage withdrawals a year, worth approximately $9.5 billion.<ref name="KC_Fed">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2020 |title=In the Nick of Time: The Rise of Earned Wage Access |url=https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/payments-system-research-briefings/rise-earned-wage-access/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City}}</ref> == Legal and regulatory status == === United States EWA regulations are regularly changing across different states. States like Nevada, Missouri, and South Carolina have created official registration laws that recognize EWA as a non-loan product. However, in 2024, Connecticut modified its banking laws to define EWA advances as loans, enforcing strict interest limits that caused most providers to stop operating in the state. In April 2025, New York Attorney General [[Letitia James]] sued two EWA companies, claiming their fees violated state laws against illegal payday loans. The companies moved to dismiss the lawsuit in January 2026, pointing to federal guidelines from the CFPB that separate true EWA from credit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bachman |first=Justin |date=27 January 2026 |title=DailyPay seeks to dismiss NY lawsuit |url=https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/dailypay-seeks-to-dismiss-ny-lawsuit/810556/ |access-date=7 April 2026 |website=Payments Dive}}</ref> === United Kingdom In the UK, the service is officially called the ''Employer Salary Advance Scheme''. The sector is regulated under a voluntary code of practice supported by the [[Financial Conduct Authority]] (FCA), which views the model as a safe alternative to high-interest payday lenders. == Benefits and risks == Academic and corporate studies show that EWA programs can improve employee retention and lower staff turnover rates. It helps hourly workers avoid late fees on bills or expensive payday loans by aligning their income with daily expenses. However, consumer groups warn that if an employee relies too heavily on daily withdrawals, they can face high total transaction fees and end up with very little money left in their final paycheck on payday.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siegel Bernard |first=Tara |date=2 October 2020 |title=Apps Will Get You Paid Early, for a Price |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/your-money/cash-advance-apps-paychecks.html |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Earned Wage Access}} [[Category:Financial technology]] [[Category:Wages and salaries]] grs1qxrwublawy7h0t25xlvg4jqlu93 10882373 10882372 2026-06-09T14:45:00Z أوس 1638979 10882373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earned Wage Access (EWA)''' (also known as instant pay, accrued wage access, or on-demand pay) is a financial service that allows employees to access a portion of their earned but unpaid wages before their regular payday.<ref name="CFPB_Developments">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Data Spotlight: Developments in the Paycheck Advance Market |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-spotlight-developments-in-the-paycheck-advance-market/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau}}</ref> Unlike traditional loans, true EWA services integrate directly with an employer's payroll system. When a worker uses EWA, the amount they withdraw is automatically deducted from their next paycheck.<ref name="CFPB_Developments" /> The [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] (CFPB) has ruled that employer-integrated EWA products are not considered credit or lending products, meaning they are not subject to interest charges.<ref name="RegZ">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2025 |title=Truth in Lending (Regulation Z); Non-application to Earned Wage Access Products |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23735/truth-in-lending-regulation-z-non-application-to-earned-wage-access-products |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Federal Register}}</ref> == How it works == EWA systems connect directly to a company's time-tracking and payroll databases. This allows the EWA application to show employees how many hours they have worked and how much money they have earned in real time.<ref name="ADP">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=What is a Payroll Advance? |url=https://www.adp.com/resources/articles-and-insights/articles/p/payroll-advance.aspx |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=ADP}}</ref> Employees can choose to transfer a percentage of these accrued earnings to their bank account or a debit card for a small, flat transaction fee. Some employers choose to pay this fee as an employee benefit.<ref name="RegZ" /> Because the funds are backed by hours the recipient has already worked, the financial risk for providers is much lower than traditional unsecured personal loans. === Direct-to-consumer alternatives If an employer does not offer integrated EWA, some companies offer early payment apps directly to consumers. These services rely on bank account history and electronic timesheets to estimate earnings.<ref name="RegZ" /> The CFPB treats these direct-to-consumer apps as a form of credit because they function as short-term cash advances and can carry high hidden costs.<ref name="RegZ" /> == History == The concept of Earned Wage Access was created in 2012 when the company [[Payactiv]] launched the first employer-sponsored EWA program in the United States. The service grew quickly during the 2010s. In 2016, [[Uber]] partnered with Green Dot to allow drivers to cash out their earnings instantly after finishing a ride. A year later, [[Walmart]] introduced EWA for its 1.4 million U.S. workers through Payactiv. In 2021, the accounting software giant [[Sage Group]] integrated EWA directly into its business platform in the United Kingdom, where monthly pay cycles are common. By 2020, U.S. workers were making over 56 million early wage withdrawals a year, worth approximately $9.5 billion.<ref name="KC_Fed">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2020 |title=In the Nick of Time: The Rise of Earned Wage Access |url=https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/payments-system-research-briefings/rise-earned-wage-access/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City}}</ref> == Legal and regulatory status == === United States EWA regulations are regularly changing across different states. States like Nevada, Missouri, and South Carolina have created official registration laws that recognize EWA as a non-loan product. However, in 2024, Connecticut modified its banking laws to define EWA advances as loans, enforcing strict interest limits that caused most providers to stop operating in the state. In April 2025, New York Attorney General [[Letitia James]] sued two EWA companies, claiming their fees violated state laws against illegal payday loans. The companies moved to dismiss the lawsuit in January 2026, pointing to federal guidelines from the CFPB that separate true EWA from credit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bachman |first=Justin |date=27 January 2026 |title=DailyPay seeks to dismiss NY lawsuit |url=https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/dailypay-seeks-to-dismiss-ny-lawsuit/810556/ |access-date=7 April 2026 |website=Payments Dive}}</ref> === United Kingdom In the UK, the service is officially called the ''Employer Salary Advance Scheme''. The sector is regulated under a voluntary code of practice supported by the [[Financial Conduct Authority]] (FCA), which views the model as a safe alternative to high-interest payday lenders. == Benefits and risks == Academic and corporate studies show that EWA programs can improve employee retention and lower staff turnover rates. It helps hourly workers avoid late fees on bills or expensive payday loans by aligning their income with daily expenses. However, consumer groups warn that if an employee relies too heavily on daily withdrawals, they can face high total transaction fees and end up with very little money left in their final paycheck on payday.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siegel Bernard |first=Tara |date=2 October 2020 |title=Apps Will Get You Paid Early, for a Price |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/your-money/cash-advance-apps-paychecks.html |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Earned Wage Access}} mqrv543zjj4o3vs2679go3nwhzo6gdi 10882374 10882373 2026-06-09T14:45:33Z أوس 1638979 /* How it works */ 10882374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earned Wage Access (EWA)''' (also known as instant pay, accrued wage access, or on-demand pay) is a financial service that allows employees to access a portion of their earned but unpaid wages before their regular payday.<ref name="CFPB_Developments">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Data Spotlight: Developments in the Paycheck Advance Market |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-spotlight-developments-in-the-paycheck-advance-market/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau}}</ref> Unlike traditional loans, true EWA services integrate directly with an employer's payroll system. When a worker uses EWA, the amount they withdraw is automatically deducted from their next paycheck.<ref name="CFPB_Developments" /> The [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] (CFPB) has ruled that employer-integrated EWA products are not considered credit or lending products, meaning they are not subject to interest charges.<ref name="RegZ">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2025 |title=Truth in Lending (Regulation Z); Non-application to Earned Wage Access Products |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23735/truth-in-lending-regulation-z-non-application-to-earned-wage-access-products |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Federal Register}}</ref> == How it works == EWA systems connect directly to a company's time-tracking and payroll databases. This allows the EWA application to show employees how many hours they have worked and how much money they have earned in real time.<ref name="ADP">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=What is a Payroll Advance? |url=https://www.adp.com/resources/articles-and-insights/articles/p/payroll-advance.aspx |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=ADP}}</ref> Employees can choose to transfer a percentage of these accrued earnings to their bank account or a debit card for a small, flat transaction fee. Some employers choose to pay this fee as an employee benefit.<ref name="RegZ" /> Because the funds are backed by hours the recipient has already worked, the financial risk for providers is much lower than traditional unsecured personal loans. === Direct-to-consumer alternatives === If an employer does not offer integrated EWA, some companies offer early payment apps directly to consumers. These services rely on bank account history and electronic timesheets to estimate earnings.<ref name="RegZ" /> The CFPB treats these direct-to-consumer apps as a form of credit because they function as short-term cash advances and can carry high hidden costs.<ref name="RegZ" /> == History == The concept of Earned Wage Access was created in 2012 when the company [[Payactiv]] launched the first employer-sponsored EWA program in the United States. The service grew quickly during the 2010s. In 2016, [[Uber]] partnered with Green Dot to allow drivers to cash out their earnings instantly after finishing a ride. A year later, [[Walmart]] introduced EWA for its 1.4 million U.S. workers through Payactiv. In 2021, the accounting software giant [[Sage Group]] integrated EWA directly into its business platform in the United Kingdom, where monthly pay cycles are common. By 2020, U.S. workers were making over 56 million early wage withdrawals a year, worth approximately $9.5 billion.<ref name="KC_Fed">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2020 |title=In the Nick of Time: The Rise of Earned Wage Access |url=https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/payments-system-research-briefings/rise-earned-wage-access/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City}}</ref> == Legal and regulatory status == === United States EWA regulations are regularly changing across different states. States like Nevada, Missouri, and South Carolina have created official registration laws that recognize EWA as a non-loan product. However, in 2024, Connecticut modified its banking laws to define EWA advances as loans, enforcing strict interest limits that caused most providers to stop operating in the state. In April 2025, New York Attorney General [[Letitia James]] sued two EWA companies, claiming their fees violated state laws against illegal payday loans. The companies moved to dismiss the lawsuit in January 2026, pointing to federal guidelines from the CFPB that separate true EWA from credit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bachman |first=Justin |date=27 January 2026 |title=DailyPay seeks to dismiss NY lawsuit |url=https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/dailypay-seeks-to-dismiss-ny-lawsuit/810556/ |access-date=7 April 2026 |website=Payments Dive}}</ref> === United Kingdom In the UK, the service is officially called the ''Employer Salary Advance Scheme''. The sector is regulated under a voluntary code of practice supported by the [[Financial Conduct Authority]] (FCA), which views the model as a safe alternative to high-interest payday lenders. == Benefits and risks == Academic and corporate studies show that EWA programs can improve employee retention and lower staff turnover rates. It helps hourly workers avoid late fees on bills or expensive payday loans by aligning their income with daily expenses. However, consumer groups warn that if an employee relies too heavily on daily withdrawals, they can face high total transaction fees and end up with very little money left in their final paycheck on payday.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siegel Bernard |first=Tara |date=2 October 2020 |title=Apps Will Get You Paid Early, for a Price |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/your-money/cash-advance-apps-paychecks.html |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Earned Wage Access}} tndmc0r4s82w73ucfzbzixkesgw0q4g 10882375 10882374 2026-06-09T14:45:44Z أوس 1638979 /* History */ 10882375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earned Wage Access (EWA)''' (also known as instant pay, accrued wage access, or on-demand pay) is a financial service that allows employees to access a portion of their earned but unpaid wages before their regular payday.<ref name="CFPB_Developments">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Data Spotlight: Developments in the Paycheck Advance Market |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-spotlight-developments-in-the-paycheck-advance-market/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau}}</ref> Unlike traditional loans, true EWA services integrate directly with an employer's payroll system. When a worker uses EWA, the amount they withdraw is automatically deducted from their next paycheck.<ref name="CFPB_Developments" /> The [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] (CFPB) has ruled that employer-integrated EWA products are not considered credit or lending products, meaning they are not subject to interest charges.<ref name="RegZ">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2025 |title=Truth in Lending (Regulation Z); Non-application to Earned Wage Access Products |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23735/truth-in-lending-regulation-z-non-application-to-earned-wage-access-products |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Federal Register}}</ref> == How it works == EWA systems connect directly to a company's time-tracking and payroll databases. This allows the EWA application to show employees how many hours they have worked and how much money they have earned in real time.<ref name="ADP">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=What is a Payroll Advance? |url=https://www.adp.com/resources/articles-and-insights/articles/p/payroll-advance.aspx |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=ADP}}</ref> Employees can choose to transfer a percentage of these accrued earnings to their bank account or a debit card for a small, flat transaction fee. Some employers choose to pay this fee as an employee benefit.<ref name="RegZ" /> Because the funds are backed by hours the recipient has already worked, the financial risk for providers is much lower than traditional unsecured personal loans. === Direct-to-consumer alternatives === If an employer does not offer integrated EWA, some companies offer early payment apps directly to consumers. These services rely on bank account history and electronic timesheets to estimate earnings.<ref name="RegZ" /> The CFPB treats these direct-to-consumer apps as a form of credit because they function as short-term cash advances and can carry high hidden costs.<ref name="RegZ" /> == History == The concept of Earned Wage Access was created in 2012 when the company Payactiv launched the first employer-sponsored EWA program in the United States. The service grew quickly during the 2010s. In 2016, [[Uber]] partnered with Green Dot to allow drivers to cash out their earnings instantly after finishing a ride. A year later, [[Walmart]] introduced EWA for its 1.4 million U.S. workers through Payactiv. In 2021, the accounting software giant Sage Group integrated EWA directly into its business platform in the United Kingdom, where monthly pay cycles are common. By 2020, U.S. workers were making over 56 million early wage withdrawals a year, worth approximately $9.5 billion.<ref name="KC_Fed">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2020 |title=In the Nick of Time: The Rise of Earned Wage Access |url=https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/payments-system-research-briefings/rise-earned-wage-access/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City}}</ref> == Legal and regulatory status == === United States EWA regulations are regularly changing across different states. States like Nevada, Missouri, and South Carolina have created official registration laws that recognize EWA as a non-loan product. However, in 2024, Connecticut modified its banking laws to define EWA advances as loans, enforcing strict interest limits that caused most providers to stop operating in the state. In April 2025, New York Attorney General [[Letitia James]] sued two EWA companies, claiming their fees violated state laws against illegal payday loans. The companies moved to dismiss the lawsuit in January 2026, pointing to federal guidelines from the CFPB that separate true EWA from credit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bachman |first=Justin |date=27 January 2026 |title=DailyPay seeks to dismiss NY lawsuit |url=https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/dailypay-seeks-to-dismiss-ny-lawsuit/810556/ |access-date=7 April 2026 |website=Payments Dive}}</ref> === United Kingdom In the UK, the service is officially called the ''Employer Salary Advance Scheme''. The sector is regulated under a voluntary code of practice supported by the [[Financial Conduct Authority]] (FCA), which views the model as a safe alternative to high-interest payday lenders. == Benefits and risks == Academic and corporate studies show that EWA programs can improve employee retention and lower staff turnover rates. It helps hourly workers avoid late fees on bills or expensive payday loans by aligning their income with daily expenses. However, consumer groups warn that if an employee relies too heavily on daily withdrawals, they can face high total transaction fees and end up with very little money left in their final paycheck on payday.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siegel Bernard |first=Tara |date=2 October 2020 |title=Apps Will Get You Paid Early, for a Price |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/your-money/cash-advance-apps-paychecks.html |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Earned Wage Access}} gu2wqd3torchuao2q8dyljk6q8kkdkz 10882376 10882375 2026-06-09T14:47:09Z أوس 1638979 /* Legal and regulatory status */ 10882376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earned Wage Access (EWA)''' (also known as instant pay, accrued wage access, or on-demand pay) is a financial service that allows employees to access a portion of their earned but unpaid wages before their regular payday.<ref name="CFPB_Developments">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Data Spotlight: Developments in the Paycheck Advance Market |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-spotlight-developments-in-the-paycheck-advance-market/ |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau}}</ref> Unlike traditional loans, true EWA services integrate directly with an employer's payroll system. When a worker uses EWA, the amount they withdraw is automatically deducted from their next paycheck.<ref name="CFPB_Developments" /> The [[Consumer Financial Protection Bureau]] (CFPB) has ruled that employer-integrated EWA products are not considered credit or lending products, meaning they are not subject to interest charges.<ref name="RegZ">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2025 |title=Truth in Lending (Regulation Z); Non-application to Earned Wage Access Products |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/23/2025-23735/truth-in-lending-regulation-z-non-application-to-earned-wage-access-products |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=Federal Register}}</ref> == How it works == EWA systems connect directly to a company's time-tracking and payroll databases. This allows the EWA application to show employees how many hours they have worked and how much money they have earned in real time.<ref name="ADP">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2025 |title=What is a Payroll Advance? |url=https://www.adp.com/resources/articles-and-insights/articles/p/payroll-advance.aspx |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=ADP}}</ref> Employees can choose to transfer a percentage of these accrued earnings to their bank account or a debit card for a small, flat transaction fee. Some employers choose to pay this fee as an employee benefit.<ref name="RegZ" /> Because the funds are backed by hours the recipient has already worked, the financial risk for providers is much lower than traditional unsecured personal loans. === Direct-to-consumer alternatives === If an employer does not offer integrated EWA, some companies offer early payment apps directly to consumers. These services rely on bank account history and electronic timesheets to estimate earnings.<ref name="RegZ" /> The CFPB treats these direct-to-consumer apps as a form of credit because they function as short-term cash advances and can carry high hidden costs.<ref name="RegZ" /> == History == The concept of Earned Wage Access was created in 2012 when the company Payactiv launched the first employer-sponsored EWA program in the United States. The service grew quickly during the 2010s. In 2016, [[Uber]] partnered with Green Dot to allow drivers to cash out their earnings instantly after finishing a ride. A year later, [[Walmart]] introduced EWA for its 1.4 million U.S. workers through Payactiv. In 2021, the accounting software giant Sage Group integrated EWA directly into its business platform in the United Kingdom, where monthly pay cycles are common. By 2020, U.S. workers were making over 56 million early wage withdrawals a year, worth approximately $9.5 billion.<ref name="KC_Fed">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2020 |title=In the Nick of Time: The Rise of Earned Wage Access |url=https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/payments-system-research-briefings/rise-earned-wage-access/ |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City}}</ref> == Legal and regulatory status == === United States === EWA regulations are regularly changing across different states. States like Nevada, Missouri, and South Carolina have created official registration laws that recognize EWA as a non-loan product. However, in 2024, Connecticut modified its banking laws to define EWA advances as loans, enforcing strict interest limits that caused most providers to stop operating in the state. In April 2025, New York Attorney General [[Letitia James]] sued two EWA companies, claiming their fees violated state laws against illegal payday loans. The companies moved to dismiss the lawsuit in January 2026, pointing to federal guidelines from the CFPB that separate true EWA from credit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bachman |first=Justin |date=27 January 2026 |title=DailyPay seeks to dismiss NY lawsuit |url=https://www.paymentsdive.com/news/dailypay-seeks-to-dismiss-ny-lawsuit/810556/ |access-date=7 April 2026 |website=Payments Dive}}</ref> === United Kingdom === In the UK, the service is officially called the ''Employer Salary Advance Scheme''. The sector is regulated under a voluntary code of practice supported by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which views the model as a safe alternative to high-interest payday lenders.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-29|title=FCA sets out views on Employer Salary Advance Schemes|url=https://www.fca.org.uk/news/statements/fca-sets-out-views-employer-salary-advance-schemes|access-date=2026-06-09|website=FCA|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Benefits and risks == Academic and corporate studies show that EWA programs can improve employee retention and lower staff turnover rates. It helps hourly workers avoid late fees on bills or expensive payday loans by aligning their income with daily expenses. However, consumer groups warn that if an employee relies too heavily on daily withdrawals, they can face high total transaction fees and end up with very little money left in their final paycheck on payday.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Siegel Bernard |first=Tara |date=2 October 2020 |title=Apps Will Get You Paid Early, for a Price |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/02/your-money/cash-advance-apps-paychecks.html |access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref> == References == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Earned Wage Access}} 6719ufjm5c383r7pc2lyjq2ufe6iwls 2 1270789 10882379 2026-06-09T14:55:03Z أوس 1638979 Created page with "mw.loader.load(['ext.gadget.Twinkle']);" 10882379 javascript text/javascript mw.loader.load(['ext.gadget.Twinkle']); h9kzivl8s21a83h85z7wucfubwh0dwh 3 1270790 10882384 2026-06-09T15:00:17Z Jolly1253 1150185 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Preet Bharara]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882384 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Preet Bharara]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Jolly1253|Jolly1253]] ([[User talk:Jolly1253|talk]]) 15:00, 9 June 2026 (UTC) sltn8d7fmbmqtn34nqoz2cedv59bxgf 0 1270791 10882390 2026-06-09T15:21:41Z ~2026-34052-01 1819129 Created page with "{{Infobox election | election_name = 1983 West German federal election | country = West Germany | type = parliamentary | previous_election = 1980 West German federal election | previous_year = 1980 | election_date = 6 March 1983 | next_election = 1987 West German federal election | next_year = 1987 | outgoing_members = List of members of the 9th Bundestag | elected_members = List of members of the 10th Bundestag | majority_seats = 250 | registered = 44,088,935 {{increas..." 10882390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 1983 West German federal election | country = West Germany | type = parliamentary | previous_election = 1980 West German federal election | previous_year = 1980 | election_date = 6 March 1983 | next_election = 1987 West German federal election | next_year = 1987 | outgoing_members = List of members of the 9th Bundestag | elected_members = List of members of the 10th Bundestag | majority_seats = 250 | registered = 44,088,935 {{increase}} 2.0% | turnout = 39,279,529 (89.1%) | image1 = KAS-Kohl, Helmut-Bild-14701-1.jpg | candidate1 = [[Helmut Kohl]] | party1 = Christian Democratic Union of Germany | last_election1 = 44.5%, 226 seats | seats1 = '''244''' | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 18 | popular_vote1 = '''18,998,545''' | percentage1 = '''48.8%''' | swing1 = {{increase}} 4.3 [[Percentage point|pp]] | image2 = Hans-Jochen Vogel im November 1972.jpg | candidate2 = [[Hans-Jochen Vogel]] | party2 = Social Democratic Party of Germany | last_election2 = 42.9%, 218 seats | seats2 = 193 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 25 | popular_vote2 = 14,865,807 | percentage2 = 6.9% | swing2 = {{decrease}} 3.7 [[Percentage point|pp]] | image3 = Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1989).jpg | candidate3 = [[Hans-Dietrich Genscher]] | party3 = Free Democratic Party (Germany) | last_election4 = 10.6%, 53 seats | seats3 = 34 | seat_change3 = {{increase}} 19 | popular_vote3 = 2,706,942 | percentage3 = 9.1% | swing3 = {{increase}} 2.2 [[Percentage point|pp]] | image4 = Petra Kelly.jpg | candidate4 = [[Petra Kelly]] | party4 = Alliance 90/The Greens | last_election4 = 1.5%, 0 seats | seats4 = 27 | seat_change4 = {{increase}} 27 | popular_vote4 = 2,167,431 | percentage4 = 5.6% | swing4 = {{increase}} 4.1 [[Percentage point|pp]] | map_image = 1983 West German federal election.svg | map_size = 325px | map_caption = | title = [[Cabinet of Germany|Government]] | before_election = [[First Kohl cabinet|Kohl I]] | before_party = [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] | posttitle = Government after election | after_election = [[Second Kohl cabinet|Kohl II]] | after_party = [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] }} The '''1983 West German federal election''' was place on 6 March 1983. to elect the members of the 10th [[Bundestag]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaase |first=Max |date=1983 |title=The West German general election of 6 March 1983 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0261379483900598 |journal=Electoral Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=158–166 |doi=10.1016/0261-3794(83)90059-8 |issn=0261-3794|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} 2j6u8vdvhsvghwtzuu808c9dldy95p2 10882391 10882390 2026-06-09T15:23:22Z ~2026-34052-01 1819129 /* */ 10882391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox election | election_name = 1983 West German federal election | country = West Germany | type = parliamentary | previous_election = 1980 West German federal election | previous_year = 1980 | election_date = 6 March 1983 | next_election = 1987 West German federal election | next_year = 1987 | outgoing_members = List of members of the 9th Bundestag | elected_members = List of members of the 10th Bundestag | majority_seats = 250 | registered = 44,088,935 {{increase}} 2.0% | turnout = 39,279,529 (89.1%) | image1 = KAS-Kohl, Helmut-Bild-14701-1.jpg | candidate1 = [[Helmut Kohl]] | party1 = Christian Democratic Union of Germany | last_election1 = 44.5%, 226 seats | seats1 = '''244''' | seat_change1 = {{increase}} 18 | popular_vote1 = '''18,998,545''' | percentage1 = '''48.8%''' | swing1 = {{increase}} 4.3 [[Percentage point|pp]] | image2 = Hans-Jochen Vogel im November 1972.jpg | candidate2 = [[Hans-Jochen Vogel]] | party2 = Social Democratic Party of Germany | last_election2 = 42.9%, 218 seats | seats2 = 193 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 25 | popular_vote2 = 14,865,807 | percentage2 = 6.9% | swing2 = {{decrease}} 3.7 [[Percentage point|pp]] | image3 = Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1989).jpg | candidate3 = [[Hans-Dietrich Genscher]] | party3 = Free Democratic Party (Germany) | last_election4 = 10.6%, 53 seats | seats3 = 34 | seat_change3 = {{increase}} 19 | popular_vote3 = 2,706,942 | percentage3 = 9.1% | swing3 = {{increase}} 2.2 [[Percentage point|pp]] | image4 = Petra Kelly.jpg | candidate4 = [[Petra Kelly]] | party4 = Alliance 90/The Greens | last_election4 = 1.5%, 0 seats | seats4 = 27 | seat_change4 = {{increase}} 27 | popular_vote4 = 2,167,431 | percentage4 = 5.6% | swing4 = {{increase}} 4.1 [[Percentage point|pp]] | map_image = 1983 West German federal election.svg | map_size = 325px | map_caption = | title = [[Cabinet of Germany|Government]] | before_election = [[First Kohl cabinet|Kohl I]] | before_party = [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] | posttitle = Government after election | after_election = [[Second Kohl cabinet|Kohl II]] | after_party = [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] }} The '''1983 West German federal election''' was place on 6 March 1983.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaase |first=Max |date=1983 |title=The West German general election of 6 March 1983 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0261379483900598 |journal=Electoral Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=158–166 |doi=10.1016/0261-3794(83)90059-8 |issn=0261-3794|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} 9bbrfbrcziv4s4byzdtger7dnnm2m5b 3 1270793 10882397 2026-06-09T15:35:08Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Unennunium]]. 10882397 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Unennunium== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Unennunium]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page is non-notable. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Unennunium}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#A4|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2026 (UTC) fwcmvtwwy6toazyivvy3dnynui60ls6 3 1270794 10882400 2026-06-09T15:35:38Z Der-Wir-Ing 404478 sending warning (warning 1) 10882400 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Robin]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 0rjcauh0ceiy5d9ati99w95ob46xf3t 10882407 10882400 2026-06-09T15:42:36Z ChenzwBot 16695 Adding level 2 warning about possible vandalism on [[Teen Titans (TV series)]] (BOT) 10882407 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Robin]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2026 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia, like you did to [[:Teen Titans (TV series)]]. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been '''[[Help:Revert a page|automatically reverted]]'''. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10882405|Edit]] (10882405) processed with score of 0.97899. *<small>As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again.</small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) qche3xhmdf4ohsswyrx0zqdzlpsdkw1 10882426 10882407 2026-06-09T16:03:03Z NDG 1452189 sending warning (warning 3) 10882426 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Robin]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]] ([[User talk:Der-Wir-Ing|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2026 (UTC) [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Please do not make unhelpful changes to Wikipedia, like you did to [[:Teen Titans (TV series)]]. The changes you made seem to be [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]] and have been '''[[Help:Revert a page|automatically reverted]]'''. If you want to try changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10882405|Edit]] (10882405) processed with score of 0.97899. *<small>As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again.</small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism2 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) [[Image:Nuvola apps important.svg|25px]]Your [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|recent changes]], like those to [[:Teen Titans (TV series)]], are vandalism and are not acceptable on Wikipedia. Please stop. If you continue to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalize]], you may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from changing pages on Wikipedia. <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism3 --> [[User:NDG|NDG]] ([[User talk:NDG|talk]]) 16:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) g0rg48bd73vzboquglq1j6vvctoul4y 0 1270795 10882412 2026-06-09T15:48:56Z ~2026-34193-67 1819153 Created page with "{{Infobox album | name = Ready or Not | type = studio | artist = [[Lou Gramm]] | released = January 29, 1987 | recorded = November 1986 | genre = [[Rock music|Rock]] | length = 40:39 | label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] | producer = Pat Moran, Lou Gramm | next_title = Long Hard Look | next_year = 1989 }} '''''Ready or Not''''' is the debut studio album by [[Lou Gramm]]. The album was released in Ja..." 10882412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | name = Ready or Not | type = studio | artist = [[Lou Gramm]] | released = January 29, 1987 | recorded = November 1986 | genre = [[Rock music|Rock]] | length = 40:39 | label = [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] | producer = Pat Moran, Lou Gramm | next_title = Long Hard Look | next_year = 1989 }} '''''Ready or Not''''' is the debut studio album by [[Lou Gramm]]. The album was released in January 29, 1987 through [[Atlantic Records]]. ==Track listing== {{Track listing | title1 = Ready or Not | length1 = 3:29 | title2 = Heartache | length2 = 4:29 | title3 = Midnight Blue | length3 = 3:58 | title4 = Time | length4 = 3:23 | title5 = If I Don't Have You | length5 = 4:39 | title6 = She's Got to Know | length6 = 4:02 | title7 = Arrow thru Your Heart | length7 = 3:47 | title8 = Until I Make You Mine | length8 = 3:31 | title9 = Chain of Love | length9 = 4:02 | title10 = Lover Come Back | length10 = 5:19 | total_length = 40:39 }} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1987 albums]] [[Category:Atlantic Records albums]] cmy24kkz3q7pw0hpn1t1q814u4zzyix 4 1270797 10882422 2026-06-09T16:00:26Z Ferien 1011873 Redirected page to [[Wikipedia:Requests for permissions/Temporary account IP viewer]] 10882422 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Requests for permissions/Temporary account IP viewer]] 9mzgdtnnn7mtbn0vgxvhxop19sllgwu 0 1270799 10882459 2026-06-09T16:55:02Z Werner100359 106408 Created page with "{{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2018-19 | dates = 11 August 2028 - 8 June 2019 | winners = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] 7th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 181 | league topscorer = Fanny Vágó (12 goals) | prevseason = [[2017-18 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2017-18]] | nextseason = Canceled because of Corona }} Th..." 10882459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2018-19 | dates = 11 August 2028 - 8 June 2019 | winners = [[SKN St. Pölten (women)|SKN St. Pölten ]] 7th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 181 | league topscorer = Fanny Vágó (12 goals) | prevseason = [[2017-18 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2017-18]] | nextseason = Canceled because of Corona }} The '''2018 -19 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 45th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. For the first time, a sponsor was secured for this competition, Sport.Land.NÖ. The official name was ''Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup''.The final took place at the Moser Medical Arena in Rohrendorf. SKN St. Pölten won the cup for the 7th time. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_frauen_cup__2018_19.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |ASK Eggendorf | '''First Vienna FC''' |0-8 |- | SU Schönbrunn | '''FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf''' |3-5 |- | SC Schwarzenbach | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |1-12 |- | SPG Matrei/Neustift | '''SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens''' |3-4 |- |USK Hof | '''FC Bergheim''' |0-6 |- |Carinthians Spittal/Drau | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-2 |- | DFC Heidenreichstein | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-8 |- | FFCM Traiskirchen | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |0-7 |- | LUV Graz | '''FC Südburgenland''' |1-2 |- |Ladies Preding | '''SVg Bleiburg''' |0-1 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FFC Vorderland |2-0 |- |SG Feldkirchen/Magdalensberg | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |2-2<br>a.e.t. 1-3 pen. |- |SV Angerberg | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |0-13 |- |Union Geretsberg | '''Wildcats Krottendorf''' |0-4 |- |Wiener Sport-Club | '''SV Horn''' |0-9 |- |FC Altera Porta | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |1-4 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SPG Rinn/Tulfes/Wattens |'''FC Bergheim''' |0-9 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |FC Südburgenland |2-0 |- | Wildcats Krottendorf |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |0-4 |- |FSG Stetteldorf/Großweikersdorf | '''USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' |0-8 |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | FC Wacker Innsbruck |2-0 <br>a.e.t. |- |SV Horn | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |2-12 |- | SVg Bleiburg | '''SK Sturm Graz''' |0-7 |- | First Vienna FC | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |2-3 |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |FC Bergheim | '''SKV Altenmarkt''' |1-3 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Rot-Weiß Rankweil''' | SV Neulengbach |2-1<br>a.e.t. |- |SK Sturm Graz | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-4 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | Union Kleinmünchen |6-0 |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |Rot-Weiß Rankweil | '''SKN St. Pölten''' |0-11 |- | ''' USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien''' | SKV Altenmarkt |4-0 |} ===Final=== <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/spiele/2019/20190608skn_unio0.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |'''SKN St. Pölten''' | USC Landhaus/FK Austria Wien |2-0 |} *'''Goals:'''Zver (59.) Zagor (93.) *'''Yellow card:'''Bell (40.); Wucher (64.) *'''Referee:'''Cindy Müller *'''Venue:'''Arena, Rohrendorf *'''Attendence:''' 620 *'''SKN St. Pölten:''' Hilde Gunn Olsen - Nicole Sauer - Gina Babicky - Alexandra Biroova - Julia Tabotta - Alexa Gabrielle Ben - Mateja Zver - Jasmin Eder (C) (94. Laura Krumböck) - Fanny Vago - Julia Hickelsberger-Füller (77. Jana Scharnböck) - Stefanie Enzinger (46. Bernadett Zagor) '''Coach:'''Fanny Vago *'''Union Landhaus/FK Austria Wien:'''Lucia El Dahaibiova - Nicole Sauer - Romina Bell - Cornelia Schneeweiss - Lena Stockhammer - Duygu Karkac - Martina Mädl (C) - Melanie Brunnthaler- Anna Eberhardt - Annalena Wucher - Besijana Kollinger-Pireci - Jelena Prvulovic '''Coach:'''Johannes Spilka {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:2018–19 in European football]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] pheoh4o9a5mkv498l2iobj3pu0k73td 2 1270800 10882473 2026-06-09T17:17:58Z Oddyddn2070 1495229 Created 10882473 wikitext text/x-wiki iOS 27 is operating system cqimvw6r0ak7rdnpabmqbx3fcmumvya 0 1270804 10882486 2026-06-09T17:31:20Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 Created page with "The Citroën C5 Aircross is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Citroën]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2025]], marked Citroën's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Peugeot 3008]], the [[Opel Grandland]], and the [[Jeep Compass]]. The car underwent a restyling in [[2022]], with a new grille and new headlights. Inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid IMG 5..." 10882486 wikitext text/x-wiki The Citroën C5 Aircross is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Citroën]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2025]], marked Citroën's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Peugeot 3008]], the [[Opel Grandland]], and the [[Jeep Compass]]. The car underwent a restyling in [[2022]], with a new grille and new headlights. Inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid IMG 5338.jpg|Front File:2017 Dongfeng-Citroën C5 Aircross (rear).jpg|Rear File:Citroen C5 Aircross, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0233.jpg|Interior File:2022 Citroën C5 Aircross Automesse Ludwigsburg 2024 IMG 1342.jpg|Restyling (front) File:2022 Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5953.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:Festival automobile international 2017 - Citroën Aircross Concept - 004.jpg|Concept car (front) File:Citroën Aircross Concept Back IAA 2015.jpg|Concept car (rear) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0193.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (front) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0207.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (rear) </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, produced from 2025 onwards, is completely new: the front and headlights are changed, with entirely new interiors and [[Plug-in hybrid|Plug-in Hybrid]] and electric [[Engine|engines]]. The C5 Aircross is available in 3 trims, including the top-of-the-line Max.<gallery> File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3486.jpg|Front ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 2992.jpg|Rear ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3484.jpg|Interior File:Citroën C5 Aircross Concept 2024 - 03.jpg|Concept car (front) File:MAP 2024 Citroën C5 Aircross Concept - 2.jpg|Concept car (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Citroën C5 Aircross}} r1tqx8044tzppdipz0cin3frxtwvl1t 10882489 10882486 2026-06-09T17:36:47Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 [[]] 10882489 wikitext text/x-wiki The Citroën C5 Aircross is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Citroën]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2025]], marked Citroën's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Peugeot 3008]], the [[Opel Grandland]], and the [[Jeep Compass]]. The car underwent a restyling in [[2022]], with a new grille and new headlights. Inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid IMG 5338.jpg|Front File:2017 Dongfeng-Citroën C5 Aircross (rear).jpg|Rear File:Citroen C5 Aircross, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0233.jpg|Interior File:2022 Citroën C5 Aircross Automesse Ludwigsburg 2024 IMG 1342.jpg|Restyling (front) File:2022 Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5953.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:Festival automobile international 2017 - Citroën Aircross Concept - 004.jpg|Concept car (front) File:Citroën Aircross Concept Back IAA 2015.jpg|Concept car (rear) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0193.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (front) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0207.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (rear) </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, produced from 2025 onwards, is completely new: the front and headlights are changed, with entirely new interiors and [[Plug-in hybrid|Plug-in Hybrid]] and [[Electric vehicle|electric]] [[Engine|engines]]. The C5 Aircross is available in 3 trims, including the top-of-the-line Max.<gallery> File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3486.jpg|Front ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 2992.jpg|Rear ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3484.jpg|Interior File:Citroën C5 Aircross Concept 2024 - 03.jpg|Concept car (front) File:MAP 2024 Citroën C5 Aircross Concept - 2.jpg|Concept car (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Citroën C5 Aircross}} 4ydd3kiu6cda9gp0wk46zohv5cmtduc 10882498 10882489 2026-06-09T17:50:24Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Second generation */ 10882498 wikitext text/x-wiki The Citroën C5 Aircross is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Citroën]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2025]], marked Citroën's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Peugeot 3008]], the [[Opel Grandland]], and the [[Jeep Compass]]. The car underwent a restyling in [[2022]], with a new grille and new headlights. Inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid IMG 5338.jpg|Front File:2017 Dongfeng-Citroën C5 Aircross (rear).jpg|Rear File:Citroen C5 Aircross, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0233.jpg|Interior File:2022 Citroën C5 Aircross Automesse Ludwigsburg 2024 IMG 1342.jpg|Restyling (front) File:2022 Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5953.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:Festival automobile international 2017 - Citroën Aircross Concept - 004.jpg|Concept car (front) File:Citroën Aircross Concept Back IAA 2015.jpg|Concept car (rear) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0193.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (front) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0207.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (rear) </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, is produced from 2025 onwards, it has a new design and interior, and [[Plug-in hybrid|Plug-in Hybrid]] and [[Electric vehicle|electric]] versions. <gallery> File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3486.jpg|Front ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 2992.jpg|Rear ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3484.jpg|Interior File:Citroën C5 Aircross Concept 2024 - 03.jpg|Concept car (front) File:MAP 2024 Citroën C5 Aircross Concept - 2.jpg|Concept car (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Citroën C5 Aircross}} mz0kmv0j291n91xsm8b3bcwe3zs95ny 10883056 10882498 2026-06-10T10:17:28Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 stesso collegamento 10883056 wikitext text/x-wiki The Citroën C5 Aircross is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Citroën]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2025]], marked Citroën's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Peugeot 3008]], the [[Opel Grandland#Firts generation|Opel Grandland]], and the [[Jeep Compass]]. The car underwent a restyling in [[2022]], with a new grille and new headlights. Inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid IMG 5338.jpg|Front File:2017 Dongfeng-Citroën C5 Aircross (rear).jpg|Rear File:Citroen C5 Aircross, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0233.jpg|Interior File:2022 Citroën C5 Aircross Automesse Ludwigsburg 2024 IMG 1342.jpg|Restyling (front) File:2022 Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5953.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:Festival automobile international 2017 - Citroën Aircross Concept - 004.jpg|Concept car (front) File:Citroën Aircross Concept Back IAA 2015.jpg|Concept car (rear) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0193.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (front) File:Citroen C5 Aircross Plug-in-Hybrid, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0207.jpg|Concept car Hybrid (rear) </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, is produced from 2025 onwards, it has a new design and interior, and [[Plug-in hybrid|Plug-in Hybrid]] and [[Electric vehicle|electric]] versions. <gallery> File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3486.jpg|Front ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 2992.jpg|Rear ("ë-C5 Aircross) File:Citroën ë-C5 Aircross Auto Zuerich 2025 DSC 3484.jpg|Interior File:Citroën C5 Aircross Concept 2024 - 03.jpg|Concept car (front) File:MAP 2024 Citroën C5 Aircross Concept - 2.jpg|Concept car (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Citroën C5 Aircross}} 8fdmrzibgo8dl8xiumnmkwxcl72xwqy 3 1270805 10882491 2026-06-09T17:37:56Z Barras 40117 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Skibidi Toilet]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882491 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Skibidi Toilet]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:37, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 7pv1sywylkku8l21sfphejx43xlwld8 3 1270806 10882493 2026-06-09T17:42:03Z Barras 40117 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882493 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 17:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ayht6q6u2zwp3j2l7q5syo5grimgq5y 2 1270808 10882497 2026-06-09T17:49:09Z Walteronthehill 1792314 Created page with "Hey! My name is Walteronthehill(username, I don't want to give out my real name). I usually edit [[English Wikipedia]] articles about living species, and I try to fill in the gaps in this encyclopedia. == Me on other Wikipedias == [[:en:User:Walteronthehill|English Wikipedia]]" 10882497 wikitext text/x-wiki Hey! My name is Walteronthehill(username, I don't want to give out my real name). I usually edit [[English Wikipedia]] articles about living species, and I try to fill in the gaps in this encyclopedia. == Me on other Wikipedias == [[:en:User:Walteronthehill|English Wikipedia]] 9s7v9a0pqdke2h6o8ic6a9el3nukdvb 0 1270810 10882503 2026-06-09T17:57:45Z Freelatta 1680583 Created page with "{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Use American English|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox television | genre = [[role-playing]] | presenter = WayneRadioTV | voices = {{Plainlist| * WayneRadioTV * Socpens * Baaulp * Hollowtones * MasterGir * Spaghoner * Logmore * Lauren }} | language = English | num_episodes = 11 | num_seasons = 2 | network = [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] | first_aired = {{St..." 10882503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Use American English|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox television | genre = [[role-playing]] | presenter = WayneRadioTV | voices = {{Plainlist| * WayneRadioTV * Socpens * Baaulp * Hollowtones * MasterGir * Spaghoner * Logmore * Lauren }} | language = English | num_episodes = 11 | num_seasons = 2 | network = [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2020|03|05}} | last_aired = }} Half-Life VR but the AI Is Self-Aware (abbreviated HLVRAI) is a 2020 [[YouTube]] series based on the 1998 video game [[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]], made by YouTuber WayneRadioTV. The series is a loose playthrough of the game, but instead featuring [[Non-player character|non-player characters]] being controlled by actors.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zwiezen |first1=Zack |title=How's It Going?: ''HL:VR But The AI Is Self-Aware'' Edition |url=https://kotaku.com/hows-it-going-hl-vr-but-the-ai-is-self-aware-edition-1842937799 |website=Kotaku |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> The series has many spinoffs, including [[Half-Life: Alyx]] but the Gnome Is Too Aware, and [[Half-Life 2]] but the AI is Self-Aware, which is still getting more episodes.<ref>{{cite web |author1=WayneRadioTV |title=Is it really that, time, again? (Half-Life 2 VR but the AI is Self-Aware Announcement) |url=ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAVJBqgxI4s |website=YouTube |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Cast and characters == *WayneRadioTV is playing a video game streamer, who acts as Gordon Freeman in the video. *Socpens is Benry, a security guard who asks for Gordon's [[passport]]. *Baaulp is Tommy, a childish scientist. *Hollowtones is Dr. Coomer, a scientist who experiences glitches. *MasterGir is Bubby, a grumpy scientist made in a [[Laboratory|lab]]. *Socpens is Forzen, a military member. *Logmore is Darnold, a scientist who makes potions. *Spaghoner is The G-Man, a mysterious goverment worker. *Lauren is Sunkist, Tommy's dog. 95p3d8drcym889c2ugu1u8sbdo5801z 10882504 10882503 2026-06-09T17:58:13Z Freelatta 1680583 10882504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}} {{Use American English|date=May 2021}} {{Infobox television | genre = [[role-playing]] | presenter = WayneRadioTV | voices = {{Plainlist| * WayneRadioTV * Socpens * Baaulp * Hollowtones * MasterGir * Spaghoner * Logmore * Lauren }} | language = English | num_episodes = 11 | num_seasons = 2 | network = [[Twitch (service)|Twitch]] | first_aired = {{Start date|2020|03|05}} | last_aired = }} Half-Life VR but the AI Is Self-Aware (abbreviated HLVRAI) is a 2020 [[YouTube]] series based on the 1998 video game [[Half-Life (video game)|Half-Life]], made by YouTuber WayneRadioTV. The series is a loose playthrough of the game, but instead featuring [[Non-player character|non-player characters]] being controlled by actors.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zwiezen |first1=Zack |title=How's It Going?: ''HL:VR But The AI Is Self-Aware'' Edition |url=https://kotaku.com/hows-it-going-hl-vr-but-the-ai-is-self-aware-edition-1842937799 |website=Kotaku |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> The series has many spinoffs, including [[Half-Life: Alyx]] but the Gnome Is Too Aware, and [[Half-Life 2]] but the AI is Self-Aware, which is still getting more episodes.<ref>{{cite web |author1=WayneRadioTV |title=Is it really that, time, again? (Half-Life 2 VR but the AI is Self-Aware Announcement) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAVJBqgxI4s |website=YouTube |access-date=9 June 2026}}</ref> == Cast and characters == *WayneRadioTV is playing a video game streamer, who acts as Gordon Freeman in the video. *Socpens is Benry, a security guard who asks for Gordon's [[passport]]. *Baaulp is Tommy, a childish scientist. *Hollowtones is Dr. Coomer, a scientist who experiences glitches. *MasterGir is Bubby, a grumpy scientist made in a [[Laboratory|lab]]. *Socpens is Forzen, a military member. *Logmore is Darnold, a scientist who makes potions. *Spaghoner is The G-Man, a mysterious goverment worker. *Lauren is Sunkist, Tommy's dog. rooqwsb1jl353q4af7woy9t0kj8h8iy 2 1270811 10882511 2026-06-09T18:32:37Z Waswafrancis1 1521276 Publish changes". Because the hyperlinks are safely tucked inside 10882511 wikitext text/x-wiki ​'''Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa''' (born November 11, 1978) is a Ugandan cultural leader, traditional healer, and musician.<ref name="RedPepper">"Biography of Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa," Red Pepper, 2026. https://redpepper.co.ug/biography-of-jjumba-lubowa-aligaweesa/142595/</ref> He serves as the Ssabakabona (Universal High Priest) of the Tondism Faith, a registered and legally recognized indigenous African spiritual movement in Uganda.<ref name="VoiceUgBio">"Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa: A Complete Biography," Voice Uganda, August 18, 2025. https://voiceuganda.com/amp/2025/08/18/jjumba-lubowa-aligaweesa-a-complete-biography/</ref><ref name="NewVisionLegacy">"The legacy of love, culture and purpose," New Vision, June 2026. https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/family/the-legacy-of-love-culture-and-purpose-the-bi-NV_210890_062026</ref> ​As a recording artist, Aligaweesa specializes in Kadongo Kamu, a traditional narrative musical genre native to Buganda. In September 2025, his single "Stress" won an award in the traditional/world music categories at the '''Hollywood Independent Music Awards''' (HIMA) held in Los Angeles, California.<ref name="PMLDaily">"Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa wins big at Hollywood Independent Music Awards with hit song Stress," PML Daily, September 2025. https://pmldaily.com/features/celebrity/2025/09/jjumba-lubowa-aligaweesa-wins-big-at-hollywood-independent-music-awards-with-hit-song-stress.html</ref><ref name="KampalaReport">"Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa wins big at Hollywood Independent Music Awards with hit song Stress," The Kampala Report, September 4, 2025. https://www.thekampalareport.com/society/entertainment/2025090454030/jjumba-lubowa-aligaweesa-wins-big-at-hollywood-independent-music-awards-with-hit-song-stress.html</ref> He was recognized for using traditional instruments to export Ugandan folk sounds to international audiences.<ref name="AnalystUg">"Hollywood Independent Music Awards: Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa crowned for the traditional Kadongokamu," Analyst Uganda, September 1, 2025. https://analystuganda.com/2025/09/01/hollywood-independent-music-awards-jjumba-lubowa-aligaweesa-crowned-for-the-traditional-kadongokamu/</ref><ref name="NewVisionMusic">"Musician Jjumba Lubowa lands Hollywood music," New Vision, June 2026. https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/entertainment/musician-jjumba-lubowa-lands-hollywood-music-NV_214550_062026</ref> Aligaweesa operates independently under his own music brand and released a 2026 studio project titled Super Power, which blends themes of cultural heritage and African spirituality.<ref name="VoiceUgAlbum">"Jjumba Lubowa Aligaweesa releases powerful new album 'Super Power'", Voice Uganda, March 15, 2026. https://voiceuganda.com/2026/03/15/jjumba-lubowa-aligaweesa-releases-powerful-new-album-super-power-a-cultural-and-spiritual-statement/</ref> He is married to cultural practitioner and traditional medicine advocate Nezia Nabakooza (Ssenga Kulanama).<ref name="NewVisionLegacy" /> ​References ​<references /> ks827pbksnbv9mx23ofpon85bfqa7lu 0 1270812 10882516 2026-06-09T18:51:07Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder | name = Andris Kulbergs | image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png | caption = Kulbergs in 2026 | order = 25th | office = Prime Minister of Latvia | status = | term_start = 28 May 2026 | term_end = | president = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | predecessor = [[Evika Siliņa]] | successor = | office1 = Saeima|Member of the..." 10882516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Andris Kulbergs | image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png | caption = Kulbergs in 2026 | order = 25th | office = Prime Minister of Latvia | status = | term_start = 28 May 2026 | term_end = | president = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | predecessor = [[Evika Siliņa]] | successor = | office1 = [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] | term_start1 = 1 November 2022 | term_end1 = 28 May 2026 | constituency1 = [[Riga (Saeima constituency)|Riga]] | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] | other_party = [[United List]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|26 May 1979|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Tallinn University of Technology]] (BA)<br/>[[Riga Technical University]] (MBA) | spouse = Anna Kulberga | children = 3 }} '''Andris Kulbergs''' (born 26 May 1979) is a Latvian businessman and politician who has been the [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] since 2026. Before being elected to the [[Saeima]] as a non-party member of the [[United List]] ticket in 2022,<ref name="Public Broadcasting of Latvia-2026">{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/16.05.2026-united-lists-andris-kulbergs-asked-to-form-a-new-latvian-government.a647432/|title=United List's Andris Kulbergs asked to form a new Latvian government|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]|date=16 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Delfi-2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lv/193/politics/120118647/rinkevics-dod-kulbergam-iespeju-izveidot-valdibu|title=Rinkēvičs dod Kulbergam iespēju izveidot valdību|work=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|date=16 May 2026|language=lv}}</ref> he was a businessman.<ref name="www.lsm.lv">{{Cite web |title=Bezpartejisks problēmu risinātājs. Kas ir premjera amatam nominētais Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/16.05.2026-bezpartejisks-problemu-risinatajs-kas-ir-premjera-amatam-nominetais-andris-kulbergs.a647427/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=www.lsm.lv |language=lv}}</ref> He also has been the president of the Latvian Authorised Automobile Dealers Association.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a">{{Cite web |date=16 May 2026 |title=Kas ir jaunais Ministru prezidents? Ieskats Andra Kulberga biogrāfijā |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8472295/kas-ir-jaunais-ministru-prezidents-ieskats-andra-kulberga-biografija |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==Early life== Kulbergs was born on 26 May 1979 in [[Riga]]. He studied at Riga Secondary School No. 50 and Rīgas Komercskola ('Riga School of Commerce'). He earned a bachelor's degree in international business from [[Concordia International University Estonia]] in 2002. He also earned an [[Master in Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[Riga Business School]] of the [[Riga Technical University]] in 2015.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a" /><ref name="tv3">{{cite news |last1=Gaujere |first1=Gundega |title=No auto biznesa līdz valdības vadītāja krēslam: kas ir jaunais premjers Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://tv3.lv/zinas/latvija/politika/no-auto-biznesa-lidz-valdibas-vaditaja-kreslam-kas-ir-jaunais-premjers-andris-kulbergs/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |publisher=TV3 Latvia |date=28 May 2026 |language=Latvian}}</ref> ==Prime minister== After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Evika Siliņa]] on 14 May 2026,<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026b">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2026 |title=Siliņa atkāpjas no premjeres amata |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8470697/silina-atkapjas-no-premjeres-amata |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> he was asked by Latvian President [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] to form a governing [[coalition]] for the five months before the [[2026 Latvian parliamentary election]]. He created a coalition of the United List, [[New Unity]], [[National Alliance (Latvia)|National Alliance]], and [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] parties. He was confirmed as prime minister on 28 May 2026 with 66 votes in parliament.<ref name="lvportals.lv">{{Cite web |last=lvportals.lv |title=Ar 66 balsīm Saeima izsaka uzticību Andra Kulberga valdībai. Fokusā drošība, budžeta stabilizēšana, vēlēšanu norise, cīņa pret karteļiem un korupciju - LV portāls |url=https://lvportals.lv/norises/390321-ar-66-balsim-saeima-izsaka-uzticibu-andra-kulberga-valdibai-fokusa-drosiba-budzeta-stabilizesana-velesanu-norise-cina-pret-karteliem-un-korupciju-2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=lvportals.lv |language=lv}}</ref> == Personal life == Kulbergs is married to Anna Kulberga. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulbergam mājās nobrucis viss, kas vien varējis nobrukt; sieva ārā vēl nedzenot |url=https://nra.lv/tautaruna/nebusanas/522023-andra-kulberga-gimenes-izaicinajumi-jaunas-valdibas-laika.htm |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=nra.lv |language=lv}}</ref> A car fan, Kulbergs said that he owns 11 [[automobile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=Deputāts Kulbergs deklarējis 11 transportlīdzekļus |url=https://www.apollo.lv/7678113/deputats-kulbergs-deklarejis-11-transportlidzeklus |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kulbergs, Andris}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Latvia]] {{bio-stub}} 0rsl8itsbkrkid0o66qy5j4iuzb910q 10882519 10882516 2026-06-09T18:52:42Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Business people]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Andris Kulbergs | image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png | caption = Kulbergs in 2026 | order = 25th | office = Prime Minister of Latvia | status = | term_start = 28 May 2026 | term_end = | president = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | predecessor = [[Evika Siliņa]] | successor = | office1 = [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] | term_start1 = 1 November 2022 | term_end1 = 28 May 2026 | constituency1 = [[Riga (Saeima constituency)|Riga]] | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] | other_party = [[United List]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|26 May 1979|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Tallinn University of Technology]] (BA)<br/>[[Riga Technical University]] (MBA) | spouse = Anna Kulberga | children = 3 }} '''Andris Kulbergs''' (born 26 May 1979) is a Latvian businessman and politician who has been the [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] since 2026. Before being elected to the [[Saeima]] as a non-party member of the [[United List]] ticket in 2022,<ref name="Public Broadcasting of Latvia-2026">{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/16.05.2026-united-lists-andris-kulbergs-asked-to-form-a-new-latvian-government.a647432/|title=United List's Andris Kulbergs asked to form a new Latvian government|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]|date=16 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Delfi-2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lv/193/politics/120118647/rinkevics-dod-kulbergam-iespeju-izveidot-valdibu|title=Rinkēvičs dod Kulbergam iespēju izveidot valdību|work=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|date=16 May 2026|language=lv}}</ref> he was a businessman.<ref name="www.lsm.lv">{{Cite web |title=Bezpartejisks problēmu risinātājs. Kas ir premjera amatam nominētais Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/16.05.2026-bezpartejisks-problemu-risinatajs-kas-ir-premjera-amatam-nominetais-andris-kulbergs.a647427/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=www.lsm.lv |language=lv}}</ref> He also has been the president of the Latvian Authorised Automobile Dealers Association.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a">{{Cite web |date=16 May 2026 |title=Kas ir jaunais Ministru prezidents? Ieskats Andra Kulberga biogrāfijā |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8472295/kas-ir-jaunais-ministru-prezidents-ieskats-andra-kulberga-biografija |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==Early life== Kulbergs was born on 26 May 1979 in [[Riga]]. He studied at Riga Secondary School No. 50 and Rīgas Komercskola ('Riga School of Commerce'). He earned a bachelor's degree in international business from [[Concordia International University Estonia]] in 2002. He also earned an [[Master in Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[Riga Business School]] of the [[Riga Technical University]] in 2015.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a" /><ref name="tv3">{{cite news |last1=Gaujere |first1=Gundega |title=No auto biznesa līdz valdības vadītāja krēslam: kas ir jaunais premjers Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://tv3.lv/zinas/latvija/politika/no-auto-biznesa-lidz-valdibas-vaditaja-kreslam-kas-ir-jaunais-premjers-andris-kulbergs/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |publisher=TV3 Latvia |date=28 May 2026 |language=Latvian}}</ref> ==Prime minister== After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Evika Siliņa]] on 14 May 2026,<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026b">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2026 |title=Siliņa atkāpjas no premjeres amata |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8470697/silina-atkapjas-no-premjeres-amata |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> he was asked by Latvian President [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] to form a governing [[coalition]] for the five months before the [[2026 Latvian parliamentary election]]. He created a coalition of the United List, [[New Unity]], [[National Alliance (Latvia)|National Alliance]], and [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] parties. He was confirmed as prime minister on 28 May 2026 with 66 votes in parliament.<ref name="lvportals.lv">{{Cite web |last=lvportals.lv |title=Ar 66 balsīm Saeima izsaka uzticību Andra Kulberga valdībai. Fokusā drošība, budžeta stabilizēšana, vēlēšanu norise, cīņa pret karteļiem un korupciju - LV portāls |url=https://lvportals.lv/norises/390321-ar-66-balsim-saeima-izsaka-uzticibu-andra-kulberga-valdibai-fokusa-drosiba-budzeta-stabilizesana-velesanu-norise-cina-pret-karteliem-un-korupciju-2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=lvportals.lv |language=lv}}</ref> == Personal life == Kulbergs is married to Anna Kulberga. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulbergam mājās nobrucis viss, kas vien varējis nobrukt; sieva ārā vēl nedzenot |url=https://nra.lv/tautaruna/nebusanas/522023-andra-kulberga-gimenes-izaicinajumi-jaunas-valdibas-laika.htm |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=nra.lv |language=lv}}</ref> A car fan, Kulbergs said that he owns 11 [[automobile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=Deputāts Kulbergs deklarējis 11 transportlīdzekļus |url=https://www.apollo.lv/7678113/deputats-kulbergs-deklarejis-11-transportlidzeklus |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kulbergs, Andris}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Latvia]] [[Category:Business people]] {{bio-stub}} 9c2o9vw052aw9us5y6xa0arigct9ti8 10882522 10882519 2026-06-09T18:54:28Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Andris Kulbergs | image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png | caption = Kulbergs in 2026 | order = 25th | office = Prime Minister of Latvia | status = | term_start = 28 May 2026 | term_end = | president = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | predecessor = [[Evika Siliņa]] | successor = | office1 = [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] | term_start1 = 1 November 2022 | term_end1 = 28 May 2026 | constituency1 = [[Riga (Saeima constituency)|Riga]] | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] | other_party = [[United List]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|26 May 1979|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Tallinn University of Technology]] (BA)<br/>[[Riga Technical University]] (MBA) | spouse = Anna Kulberga | children = 3 }} '''Andris Kulbergs''' (born 26 May 1979) is a Latvian businessman and politician who has been the [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] since 2026. He was a [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] from 2022 until 2026. Before being elected to the Saeima as a non-party member of the [[United List]] ticket in 2022,<ref name="Public Broadcasting of Latvia-2026">{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/16.05.2026-united-lists-andris-kulbergs-asked-to-form-a-new-latvian-government.a647432/|title=United List's Andris Kulbergs asked to form a new Latvian government|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]|date=16 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Delfi-2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lv/193/politics/120118647/rinkevics-dod-kulbergam-iespeju-izveidot-valdibu|title=Rinkēvičs dod Kulbergam iespēju izveidot valdību|work=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|date=16 May 2026|language=lv}}</ref> he was a businessman.<ref name="www.lsm.lv">{{Cite web |title=Bezpartejisks problēmu risinātājs. Kas ir premjera amatam nominētais Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/16.05.2026-bezpartejisks-problemu-risinatajs-kas-ir-premjera-amatam-nominetais-andris-kulbergs.a647427/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=www.lsm.lv |language=lv}}</ref> He also has been the president of the Latvian Authorised Automobile Dealers Association.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a">{{Cite web |date=16 May 2026 |title=Kas ir jaunais Ministru prezidents? Ieskats Andra Kulberga biogrāfijā |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8472295/kas-ir-jaunais-ministru-prezidents-ieskats-andra-kulberga-biografija |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==Early life== Kulbergs was born on 26 May 1979 in [[Riga]]. He studied at Riga Secondary School No. 50 and Rīgas Komercskola ('Riga School of Commerce'). He earned a bachelor's degree in international business from [[Concordia International University Estonia]] in 2002. He also earned an [[Master in Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[Riga Business School]] of the [[Riga Technical University]] in 2015.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a" /><ref name="tv3">{{cite news |last1=Gaujere |first1=Gundega |title=No auto biznesa līdz valdības vadītāja krēslam: kas ir jaunais premjers Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://tv3.lv/zinas/latvija/politika/no-auto-biznesa-lidz-valdibas-vaditaja-kreslam-kas-ir-jaunais-premjers-andris-kulbergs/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |publisher=TV3 Latvia |date=28 May 2026 |language=Latvian}}</ref> ==Prime minister== After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Evika Siliņa]] on 14 May 2026,<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026b">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2026 |title=Siliņa atkāpjas no premjeres amata |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8470697/silina-atkapjas-no-premjeres-amata |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> he was asked by Latvian President [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] to form a governing [[coalition]] for the five months before the [[2026 Latvian parliamentary election]]. He created a coalition of the United List, [[New Unity]], [[National Alliance (Latvia)|National Alliance]], and [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] parties. He was confirmed as prime minister on 28 May 2026 with 66 votes in parliament.<ref name="lvportals.lv">{{Cite web |last=lvportals.lv |title=Ar 66 balsīm Saeima izsaka uzticību Andra Kulberga valdībai. Fokusā drošība, budžeta stabilizēšana, vēlēšanu norise, cīņa pret karteļiem un korupciju - LV portāls |url=https://lvportals.lv/norises/390321-ar-66-balsim-saeima-izsaka-uzticibu-andra-kulberga-valdibai-fokusa-drosiba-budzeta-stabilizesana-velesanu-norise-cina-pret-karteliem-un-korupciju-2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=lvportals.lv |language=lv}}</ref> == Personal life == Kulbergs is married to Anna Kulberga. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulbergam mājās nobrucis viss, kas vien varējis nobrukt; sieva ārā vēl nedzenot |url=https://nra.lv/tautaruna/nebusanas/522023-andra-kulberga-gimenes-izaicinajumi-jaunas-valdibas-laika.htm |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=nra.lv |language=lv}}</ref> A car fan, Kulbergs said that he owns 11 [[automobile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=Deputāts Kulbergs deklarējis 11 transportlīdzekļus |url=https://www.apollo.lv/7678113/deputats-kulbergs-deklarejis-11-transportlidzeklus |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kulbergs, Andris}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Latvia]] [[Category:Business people]] {{bio-stub}} p37ftii4eh1ksth5s65d5sko5hu7ync 10882523 10882522 2026-06-09T18:54:48Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:People from Riga]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Andris Kulbergs | image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png | caption = Kulbergs in 2026 | order = 25th | office = Prime Minister of Latvia | status = | term_start = 28 May 2026 | term_end = | president = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | predecessor = [[Evika Siliņa]] | successor = | office1 = [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] | term_start1 = 1 November 2022 | term_end1 = 28 May 2026 | constituency1 = [[Riga (Saeima constituency)|Riga]] | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] | other_party = [[United List]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|26 May 1979|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Tallinn University of Technology]] (BA)<br/>[[Riga Technical University]] (MBA) | spouse = Anna Kulberga | children = 3 }} '''Andris Kulbergs''' (born 26 May 1979) is a Latvian businessman and politician who has been the [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] since 2026. He was a [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] from 2022 until 2026. Before being elected to the Saeima as a non-party member of the [[United List]] ticket in 2022,<ref name="Public Broadcasting of Latvia-2026">{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/16.05.2026-united-lists-andris-kulbergs-asked-to-form-a-new-latvian-government.a647432/|title=United List's Andris Kulbergs asked to form a new Latvian government|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]|date=16 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Delfi-2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lv/193/politics/120118647/rinkevics-dod-kulbergam-iespeju-izveidot-valdibu|title=Rinkēvičs dod Kulbergam iespēju izveidot valdību|work=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|date=16 May 2026|language=lv}}</ref> he was a businessman.<ref name="www.lsm.lv">{{Cite web |title=Bezpartejisks problēmu risinātājs. Kas ir premjera amatam nominētais Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/16.05.2026-bezpartejisks-problemu-risinatajs-kas-ir-premjera-amatam-nominetais-andris-kulbergs.a647427/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=www.lsm.lv |language=lv}}</ref> He also has been the president of the Latvian Authorised Automobile Dealers Association.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a">{{Cite web |date=16 May 2026 |title=Kas ir jaunais Ministru prezidents? Ieskats Andra Kulberga biogrāfijā |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8472295/kas-ir-jaunais-ministru-prezidents-ieskats-andra-kulberga-biografija |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==Early life== Kulbergs was born on 26 May 1979 in [[Riga]]. He studied at Riga Secondary School No. 50 and Rīgas Komercskola ('Riga School of Commerce'). He earned a bachelor's degree in international business from [[Concordia International University Estonia]] in 2002. He also earned an [[Master in Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[Riga Business School]] of the [[Riga Technical University]] in 2015.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a" /><ref name="tv3">{{cite news |last1=Gaujere |first1=Gundega |title=No auto biznesa līdz valdības vadītāja krēslam: kas ir jaunais premjers Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://tv3.lv/zinas/latvija/politika/no-auto-biznesa-lidz-valdibas-vaditaja-kreslam-kas-ir-jaunais-premjers-andris-kulbergs/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |publisher=TV3 Latvia |date=28 May 2026 |language=Latvian}}</ref> ==Prime minister== After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Evika Siliņa]] on 14 May 2026,<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026b">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2026 |title=Siliņa atkāpjas no premjeres amata |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8470697/silina-atkapjas-no-premjeres-amata |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> he was asked by Latvian President [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] to form a governing [[coalition]] for the five months before the [[2026 Latvian parliamentary election]]. He created a coalition of the United List, [[New Unity]], [[National Alliance (Latvia)|National Alliance]], and [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] parties. He was confirmed as prime minister on 28 May 2026 with 66 votes in parliament.<ref name="lvportals.lv">{{Cite web |last=lvportals.lv |title=Ar 66 balsīm Saeima izsaka uzticību Andra Kulberga valdībai. Fokusā drošība, budžeta stabilizēšana, vēlēšanu norise, cīņa pret karteļiem un korupciju - LV portāls |url=https://lvportals.lv/norises/390321-ar-66-balsim-saeima-izsaka-uzticibu-andra-kulberga-valdibai-fokusa-drosiba-budzeta-stabilizesana-velesanu-norise-cina-pret-karteliem-un-korupciju-2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=lvportals.lv |language=lv}}</ref> == Personal life == Kulbergs is married to Anna Kulberga. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulbergam mājās nobrucis viss, kas vien varējis nobrukt; sieva ārā vēl nedzenot |url=https://nra.lv/tautaruna/nebusanas/522023-andra-kulberga-gimenes-izaicinajumi-jaunas-valdibas-laika.htm |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=nra.lv |language=lv}}</ref> A car fan, Kulbergs said that he owns 11 [[automobile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=Deputāts Kulbergs deklarējis 11 transportlīdzekļus |url=https://www.apollo.lv/7678113/deputats-kulbergs-deklarejis-11-transportlidzeklus |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kulbergs, Andris}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Latvia]] [[Category:Business people]] [[Category:People from Riga]] {{bio-stub}} jtxhoq4wn5wqlthwzz1ca18dxbnrs9w 10882524 10882523 2026-06-09T18:55:01Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:People from Riga]]; added [[Category:Politicians from Riga]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Andris Kulbergs | image = Andris Kulbergs 2026 (cropped).png | caption = Kulbergs in 2026 | order = 25th | office = Prime Minister of Latvia | status = | term_start = 28 May 2026 | term_end = | president = [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] | predecessor = [[Evika Siliņa]] | successor = | office1 = [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] | term_start1 = 1 November 2022 | term_end1 = 28 May 2026 | constituency1 = [[Riga (Saeima constituency)|Riga]] | party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] | other_party = [[United List]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|26 May 1979|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]], Soviet Union | alma_mater = [[Tallinn University of Technology]] (BA)<br/>[[Riga Technical University]] (MBA) | spouse = Anna Kulberga | children = 3 }} '''Andris Kulbergs''' (born 26 May 1979) is a Latvian businessman and politician who has been the [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] since 2026. He was a [[Saeima|Member of the Saeima]] from 2022 until 2026. Before being elected to the Saeima as a non-party member of the [[United List]] ticket in 2022,<ref name="Public Broadcasting of Latvia-2026">{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/politics/16.05.2026-united-lists-andris-kulbergs-asked-to-form-a-new-latvian-government.a647432/|title=United List's Andris Kulbergs asked to form a new Latvian government|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]]|date=16 May 2026}}</ref><ref name="Delfi-2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.delfi.lv/193/politics/120118647/rinkevics-dod-kulbergam-iespeju-izveidot-valdibu|title=Rinkēvičs dod Kulbergam iespēju izveidot valdību|work=[[Delfi (web portal)|Delfi]]|date=16 May 2026|language=lv}}</ref> he was a businessman.<ref name="www.lsm.lv">{{Cite web |title=Bezpartejisks problēmu risinātājs. Kas ir premjera amatam nominētais Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/zinas/latvija/16.05.2026-bezpartejisks-problemu-risinatajs-kas-ir-premjera-amatam-nominetais-andris-kulbergs.a647427/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=www.lsm.lv |language=lv}}</ref> He also has been the president of the Latvian Authorised Automobile Dealers Association.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a">{{Cite web |date=16 May 2026 |title=Kas ir jaunais Ministru prezidents? Ieskats Andra Kulberga biogrāfijā |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8472295/kas-ir-jaunais-ministru-prezidents-ieskats-andra-kulberga-biografija |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==Early life== Kulbergs was born on 26 May 1979 in [[Riga]]. He studied at Riga Secondary School No. 50 and Rīgas Komercskola ('Riga School of Commerce'). He earned a bachelor's degree in international business from [[Concordia International University Estonia]] in 2002. He also earned an [[Master in Business Administration|MBA]] from the [[Riga Business School]] of the [[Riga Technical University]] in 2015.<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026a" /><ref name="tv3">{{cite news |last1=Gaujere |first1=Gundega |title=No auto biznesa līdz valdības vadītāja krēslam: kas ir jaunais premjers Andris Kulbergs? |url=https://tv3.lv/zinas/latvija/politika/no-auto-biznesa-lidz-valdibas-vaditaja-kreslam-kas-ir-jaunais-premjers-andris-kulbergs/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |publisher=TV3 Latvia |date=28 May 2026 |language=Latvian}}</ref> ==Prime minister== After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Evika Siliņa]] on 14 May 2026,<ref name="Sabiedrība un politika-2026b">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2026 |title=Siliņa atkāpjas no premjeres amata |url=https://www.apollo.lv/8470697/silina-atkapjas-no-premjeres-amata |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> he was asked by Latvian President [[Edgars Rinkēvičs]] to form a governing [[coalition]] for the five months before the [[2026 Latvian parliamentary election]]. He created a coalition of the United List, [[New Unity]], [[National Alliance (Latvia)|National Alliance]], and [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] parties. He was confirmed as prime minister on 28 May 2026 with 66 votes in parliament.<ref name="lvportals.lv">{{Cite web |last=lvportals.lv |title=Ar 66 balsīm Saeima izsaka uzticību Andra Kulberga valdībai. Fokusā drošība, budžeta stabilizēšana, vēlēšanu norise, cīņa pret karteļiem un korupciju - LV portāls |url=https://lvportals.lv/norises/390321-ar-66-balsim-saeima-izsaka-uzticibu-andra-kulberga-valdibai-fokusa-drosiba-budzeta-stabilizesana-velesanu-norise-cina-pret-karteliem-un-korupciju-2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=lvportals.lv |language=lv}}</ref> == Personal life == Kulbergs is married to Anna Kulberga. They have three children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kulbergam mājās nobrucis viss, kas vien varējis nobrukt; sieva ārā vēl nedzenot |url=https://nra.lv/tautaruna/nebusanas/522023-andra-kulberga-gimenes-izaicinajumi-jaunas-valdibas-laika.htm |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=nra.lv |language=lv}}</ref> A car fan, Kulbergs said that he owns 11 [[automobile]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2022 |title=Deputāts Kulbergs deklarējis 11 transportlīdzekļus |url=https://www.apollo.lv/7678113/deputats-kulbergs-deklarejis-11-transportlidzeklus |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Sabiedrība un politika |language=lv}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kulbergs, Andris}} [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Prime ministers of Latvia]] [[Category:Business people]] [[Category:Politicians from Riga]] {{bio-stub}} s6eoj2edbuiwyk7iotyr1hmujv1d1qb 1 1270813 10882520 2026-06-09T18:53:27Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Talk header}} {{blp}} {{Active politician}}" 10882520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{blp}} {{Active politician}} 0v7wk1xrkunrctmymll2q1voxyyl09t 10882521 10882520 2026-06-09T18:53:56Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{blp}} {{Active politician}} {{translated page|en|Andris Kulbergs|version=1358596408|insertversion=}} comnxycb59l3h2ik2w0li2ue24v2rgm 2 1270814 10882527 2026-06-09T19:00:11Z Mylesnick 1819252 /* */ I Added! 10882527 wikitext text/x-wiki Mylesnick's User Page l29uk7rhcxvydohtgaipapexelf1xqz 0 1270815 10882539 2026-06-09T19:09:49Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Redirected page to [[Laura Chinchilla]] 10882539 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Laura Chinchilla]] pnsfh2k069u0fzqizncw4qtnbafe3b6 0 1270816 10882540 2026-06-09T19:10:38Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Redirected page to [[Luis Guillermo Solís]] 10882540 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Luis Guillermo Solís]] je6d9uo4ckuyxajkmqhgo28hnlxexfb 0 1270817 10882541 2026-06-09T19:14:14Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder | name = Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay|MROU]] [[Order of Isabella the Catholic|OYC]]}} | image = Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png | caption = Calderón in 1993 | order = 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] | term_s..." 10882541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay|MROU]] [[Order of Isabella the Catholic|OYC]]}} | image = Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png | caption = Calderón in 1993 | order = 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] | term_start = 8 May 1990 | term_end = 8 May 1994 | vice_president = [[Germán Serrano Pinto]]<br/>[[Arnoldo López Echandi]] | deputy = | predecessor = [[Óscar Arias|Óscar Arias Sánchez]] | successor = [[José María Figueres|José María Figueres Olsen]] | office1 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Costa Rica)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | term_start1 = 8 May 1978 | term_end1 = 31 July 1980 | president1 = [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] | predecessor1 = [[Gonzalo Facio Segreda]] | successor1 = [[Bernd H. Niehaus Quesada]] | office2 = Deputy of the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica]] | term_start2 = 1 May 1974 | term_end2 = 30 April 1978 | predecessor2 = Longino Soto Pacheco | successor2 = Marta Chinchilla Orozco | constituency2 = [[San José (Legislative Assembly constituency)|San José]] (11th Office) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|03|14}} | birth_place = [[Diriamba]], Nicaragua | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Social Christian Republican Party|PRSC]] (since 2014) | other_party = [[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]] (1983–2014)<br/>[[Unity Coalition]] (1976–1983)<br/>[[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|UN]] (1965–1975) | parents = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]]<br/>María Rosario Fournier Mora | relatives = [[Francisco Calderón Guardia]] (uncle) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Gloria Bejarano Almada]]|1972}} | children = 4 | profession = Lawyer | education = [[University of Costa Rica]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician|businessman}} | signature = Firma Rafael Angel Calderon.jpg }} '''Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier''' (born 14 March 1949) is a Costa Rican lawyer and politician who has been the 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] from 1990 to 1994.<ref>[http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones: Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica]</ref> He was the presidential candidate of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] for the national elections held in February 2010, but ended his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for [[corruption]].<ref>[http://www.nacion.com/2012-04-13/ElPais/fiscalia-finlandesa-procesa-a-exdirectivos-de-firma-por-caso-caja-fischel.aspx Finland's attorney general presses charges against executives] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/costa_rica/rafael_angel_calderon_fournier Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} *A quick summary of Calderón's incarceration: [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2004/10/costa-rican-court-orders-former.php Jurist Legal News Brief] *News Update: Calderón's Release 19 October 2005: [http://www.teletica.com/archivo/tn7/nac/2005/10/19/quedo.htm Teletica Report] {{in lang|es}} *{{C-SPAN|13406}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon Fournier, Rafael}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Living people]] {{bio-stub}} m6t46jvn0kx5f2gpzaoy8ln5ehku1ud 10882542 10882541 2026-06-09T19:14:35Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay|MROU]] [[Order of Isabella the Catholic|OYC]]}} | image = Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png | caption = Calderón in 1993 | order = 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] | term_start = 8 May 1990 | term_end = 8 May 1994 | vice_president = [[Germán Serrano Pinto]]<br/>[[Arnoldo López Echandi]] | deputy = | predecessor = [[Óscar Arias|Óscar Arias Sánchez]] | successor = [[José María Figueres|José María Figueres Olsen]] | office1 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Costa Rica)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | term_start1 = 8 May 1978 | term_end1 = 31 July 1980 | president1 = [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] | predecessor1 = [[Gonzalo Facio Segreda]] | successor1 = [[Bernd H. Niehaus Quesada]] | office2 = Deputy of the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica]] | term_start2 = 1 May 1974 | term_end2 = 30 April 1978 | predecessor2 = Longino Soto Pacheco | successor2 = Marta Chinchilla Orozco | constituency2 = [[San José (Legislative Assembly constituency)|San José]] (11th Office) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|03|14}} | birth_place = [[Diriamba]], Nicaragua | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Social Christian Republican Party|PRSC]] (since 2014) | other_party = [[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]] (1983–2014)<br/>[[Unity Coalition]] (1976–1983)<br/>[[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|UN]] (1965–1975) | parents = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]]<br/>María Rosario Fournier Mora | relatives = [[Francisco Calderón Guardia]] (uncle) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Gloria Bejarano Almada]]|1972}} | children = 4 | profession = Lawyer | education = [[University of Costa Rica]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician|businessman}} | signature = Firma Rafael Angel Calderon.jpg }} '''Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier''' (born 14 March 1949) is a Costa Rican lawyer and politician who has been the 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] from 1990 to 1994.<ref>[http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones: Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica]</ref> He was the presidential candidate of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] for the national elections held in February 2010, but ended his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for [[corruption]].<ref>[http://www.nacion.com/2012-04-13/ElPais/fiscalia-finlandesa-procesa-a-exdirectivos-de-firma-por-caso-caja-fischel.aspx Finland's attorney general presses charges against executives] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/costa_rica/rafael_angel_calderon_fournier Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} *A quick summary of Calderón's incarceration: [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2004/10/costa-rican-court-orders-former.php Jurist Legal News Brief] *News Update: Calderón's Release 19 October 2005: [http://www.teletica.com/archivo/tn7/nac/2005/10/19/quedo.htm Teletica Report] {{in lang|es}} *{{C-SPAN|13406}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon Fournier, Rafael}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] {{bio-stub}} 9jajtagck9dtgxl7fv7rc6p9zct6h1z 10882543 10882542 2026-06-09T19:14:42Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Costa Rican businesspeople]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay|MROU]] [[Order of Isabella the Catholic|OYC]]}} | image = Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png | caption = Calderón in 1993 | order = 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] | term_start = 8 May 1990 | term_end = 8 May 1994 | vice_president = [[Germán Serrano Pinto]]<br/>[[Arnoldo López Echandi]] | deputy = | predecessor = [[Óscar Arias|Óscar Arias Sánchez]] | successor = [[José María Figueres|José María Figueres Olsen]] | office1 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Costa Rica)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | term_start1 = 8 May 1978 | term_end1 = 31 July 1980 | president1 = [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] | predecessor1 = [[Gonzalo Facio Segreda]] | successor1 = [[Bernd H. Niehaus Quesada]] | office2 = Deputy of the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica]] | term_start2 = 1 May 1974 | term_end2 = 30 April 1978 | predecessor2 = Longino Soto Pacheco | successor2 = Marta Chinchilla Orozco | constituency2 = [[San José (Legislative Assembly constituency)|San José]] (11th Office) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|03|14}} | birth_place = [[Diriamba]], Nicaragua | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Social Christian Republican Party|PRSC]] (since 2014) | other_party = [[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]] (1983–2014)<br/>[[Unity Coalition]] (1976–1983)<br/>[[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|UN]] (1965–1975) | parents = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]]<br/>María Rosario Fournier Mora | relatives = [[Francisco Calderón Guardia]] (uncle) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Gloria Bejarano Almada]]|1972}} | children = 4 | profession = Lawyer | education = [[University of Costa Rica]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician|businessman}} | signature = Firma Rafael Angel Calderon.jpg }} '''Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier''' (born 14 March 1949) is a Costa Rican lawyer and politician who has been the 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] from 1990 to 1994.<ref>[http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones: Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica]</ref> He was the presidential candidate of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] for the national elections held in February 2010, but ended his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for [[corruption]].<ref>[http://www.nacion.com/2012-04-13/ElPais/fiscalia-finlandesa-procesa-a-exdirectivos-de-firma-por-caso-caja-fischel.aspx Finland's attorney general presses charges against executives] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/costa_rica/rafael_angel_calderon_fournier Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} *A quick summary of Calderón's incarceration: [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2004/10/costa-rican-court-orders-former.php Jurist Legal News Brief] *News Update: Calderón's Release 19 October 2005: [http://www.teletica.com/archivo/tn7/nac/2005/10/19/quedo.htm Teletica Report] {{in lang|es}} *{{C-SPAN|13406}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon Fournier, Rafael}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rican businesspeople]] {{bio-stub}} 61yj1p0ybk6ueg7m3cb8gmt3gzfo91i 10882544 10882543 2026-06-09T19:14:52Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Costa Rican lawyers]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|list=[[Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay|MROU]] [[Order of Isabella the Catholic|OYC]]}} | image = Felipe González en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Costa Rica. Pool Moncloa. 27 de enero de 1993 (cropped).png | caption = Calderón in 1993 | order = 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] | term_start = 8 May 1990 | term_end = 8 May 1994 | vice_president = [[Germán Serrano Pinto]]<br/>[[Arnoldo López Echandi]] | deputy = | predecessor = [[Óscar Arias|Óscar Arias Sánchez]] | successor = [[José María Figueres|José María Figueres Olsen]] | office1 = [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Costa Rica)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] | term_start1 = 8 May 1978 | term_end1 = 31 July 1980 | president1 = [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] | predecessor1 = [[Gonzalo Facio Segreda]] | successor1 = [[Bernd H. Niehaus Quesada]] | office2 = Deputy of the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica]] | term_start2 = 1 May 1974 | term_end2 = 30 April 1978 | predecessor2 = Longino Soto Pacheco | successor2 = Marta Chinchilla Orozco | constituency2 = [[San José (Legislative Assembly constituency)|San José]] (11th Office) | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1949|03|14}} | birth_place = [[Diriamba]], Nicaragua | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Social Christian Republican Party|PRSC]] (since 2014) | other_party = [[Social Christian Unity Party|PUSC]] (1983–2014)<br/>[[Unity Coalition]] (1976–1983)<br/>[[National Unification Party (Costa Rica)|UN]] (1965–1975) | parents = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia]]<br/>María Rosario Fournier Mora | relatives = [[Francisco Calderón Guardia]] (uncle) | spouse = {{marriage|[[Gloria Bejarano Almada]]|1972}} | children = 4 | profession = Lawyer | education = [[University of Costa Rica]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician|businessman}} | signature = Firma Rafael Angel Calderon.jpg }} '''Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier''' (born 14 March 1949) is a Costa Rican lawyer and politician who has been the 41st [[President of Costa Rica]] from 1990 to 1994.<ref>[http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/ifed/PresidentesCR-Cuadros.pdf El Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones: Presidentes de la República de Costa Rica]</ref> He was the presidential candidate of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] for the national elections held in February 2010, but ended his candidacy on 5 October 2009, when he was sentenced to five years in prison for [[corruption]].<ref>[http://www.nacion.com/2012-04-13/ElPais/fiscalia-finlandesa-procesa-a-exdirectivos-de-firma-por-caso-caja-fischel.aspx Finland's attorney general presses charges against executives] {{in lang|es}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== *[http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/costa_rica/rafael_angel_calderon_fournier Biography by CIDOB] {{in lang|es}} *A quick summary of Calderón's incarceration: [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2004/10/costa-rican-court-orders-former.php Jurist Legal News Brief] *News Update: Calderón's Release 19 October 2005: [http://www.teletica.com/archivo/tn7/nac/2005/10/19/quedo.htm Teletica Report] {{in lang|es}} *{{C-SPAN|13406}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon Fournier, Rafael}} [[Category:1949 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Presidents of Costa Rica]] [[Category:Costa Rican businesspeople]] [[Category:Costa Rican lawyers]] {{bio-stub}} 2vwfbwip04bdgwni1s424fi1qjem6ao 3 1270818 10882552 2026-06-09T19:26:49Z Divinations 1530422 sending warning (warning 1) 10882552 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. 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Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-test1 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 19:56, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 0w8exm9m1kn0fqgeo1ujo4vpsi2nxhs 3 1270823 10882594 2026-06-09T20:03:18Z Divinations 1530422 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[-∞]]. 10882594 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of -∞== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:-∞]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]].&nbsp;This is because the page is a test page. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:-∞}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#G2|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 20:03, 9 June 2026 (UTC) ijpmaw73guywkcx5yi7qxq53yvh1u5y 14 1270825 10882598 2026-06-09T20:09:16Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "[[Category:Accidental deaths in the United States|*Illinois]] [[Category:Illinois]]" 10882598 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Accidental deaths in the United States|*Illinois]] [[Category:Illinois]] askui847759e7aagp07oc00c8s7qvic 0 1270826 10882600 2026-06-09T20:11:02Z ~2026-34051-13 1819286 Added first information 10882600 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''21 July 2005 London bombings''' were a series of four attempted suicide bomb attacks on London's public transport system on 21 July 2005, exactly two weeks after the successful 7 July London bombings. The attacks targeted three London Underground trains and one bus. Although the explosive devices failed to detonate properly, causing only minor explosions, the incidents prompted a major police investigation and manhunt across the United Kingdom. c1k8wcalqocqi50lzp0xw8yeomxam2g 0 1270827 10882602 2026-06-09T20:13:11Z CozyWinter 1747934 Created page with "{{Infobox book | image = | name = After the Spike | author = Dean Spears and Michael Geruso | language = English | publisher = [[Simon and Schuster]] | pub_date = July 8, 2025 | media_type = [[Hardcover]], [[Paperback]], [[ebook]] | pages = 320 | isbn = 9781668057339 | oclc = 1528475081 | website = {{URL|https://afterthespike.com/}} }} '''''After the Spike: Populati..." 10882602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | image = | name = After the Spike | author = Dean Spears and Michael Geruso | language = English | publisher = [[Simon and Schuster]] | pub_date = July 8, 2025 | media_type = [[Hardcover]], [[Paperback]], [[ebook]] | pages = 320 | isbn = 9781668057339 | oclc = 1528475081 | website = {{URL|https://afterthespike.com/}} }} '''''After the Spike: Population, Progress, and the Case for People''''' is a nonfiction book by economist Dean Spears and Michael Geruso published by [[Simon & Schuster|Simon and Schuster]] in 2025, that examines global demographic trends, particularly the decline in [[Total fertility rate|fertility rates]] and its effects on society, progress, and the environment. == Background == Global human [[population growth]] over the past two hundred years has been driven by fewer people dying, especially young children, even as fertility rates have steadily gone down. Spears and Geruso use the term "the spike" to describe this historical period of fast population growth that has taken humanity to a peak before it is expected to decline in the later part of the 21st century.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Why Population Stabilization Matters |url=https://afterthespike.com/articles/why-population-stabilization-matters/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=afterthespike.com}}</ref> == Themes == After the Spike argues against some common ideas about population and how it impacts society. Some of its main arguments are: * Worries about [[Population decline|population decline]]: Instead of arguing that population decline is good for the environment or economy the authors argue that population decline leads to less progress, innovation and opportunity.<ref name=":1" /> * Human progress and scale: The book suggests that innovation and progress are connected to how big or small the population is and that a smaller global population could bring down the ability for humanity to innovate and problem-solve.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Jarral |first=Farrah |date=2025-07-29 |title=After the Spike by Dean Spears and Michael Geruso review – the truth about population |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/29/after-the-spike-by-dean-spears-and-michael-geruso-review-the-truth-about-population |access-date=2026-01-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> * Policy proposals: To do something about the population decline, Spears and Geruso argue for policies that make parenting more supported socially and economically, emphasizing reproductive freedom, childcare, parental leave, and cultural changes that value caregiving roles.<ref name=":1"/> == Reception == The book has received attention from reviewers and commentators. * ''[[The Guardian]]'' described it as a "persuasive debunking of demographic myths" and noted its provocative reevaluation of population trends.<ref name=":0" /> * A review in the ''[[Independent Institute]]'' brought up the detailed demographic projections and economics reasoning behind the book's argument that declining fertility rates may lead to gradual depopulation with wide-ranging effects on society and the economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Review: After the Spike: Population, Progress, and the Case for People, Dean Spears and Michael Geruso |url=https://www.independent.org/tir/2025-fall/after-the-spike/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Independent Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> * Aidan Grogan writing for [[Liberty Fund|Law & Liberty]] described the book as a straightforward rejection of the myth that the world is overpopulated and brings attention to humans as a "net good—for innovation, for rising living standards, and yes, even for the planet."<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Malthusianism – Aidan Grogan |url=https://lawliberty.org/book-review/after-malthusianism/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Law & Liberty |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' described the book as bold and data-rich, emphasizing its challenge to the idea that the population decline solves global problems and its framing of people as driving progress rather than burdens to be reduced.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhowmick |first=Soumya |date=2025-09-14 |title=People, progress, and a world in decline |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2025/Sep/14/people-progress-and-a-world-in-decline |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> * Tom Calver’s review in [[The Times|''The'' ''Times'']] highlights the book’s exploration of declining global fertility rates below replacement level, its description of how population growth has historically lead to technological advancement and innovation, and its discussion of the increasing [[opportunity cost]]s of having children in a world with many alternative life paths. However, he also faults the authors for giving too little weight to humanity’s ability to confront and overcome these challenges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We need a baby boom — why falling birth rates are bad news for all of us|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/after-spike-risks-global-depopulation-case-people-dean-spears-michael-geruso-review-6cm02b6cx|website=www.thetimes.com|date=2025-07-03|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|first=Tom|last=Calver}}</ref> == See also == * [[Population decline]] * [[Population growth]] == References == {{Enwp based|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=After_the_Spike&oldid=1341975368}}<references/> {{Authority control}} [[Category:Non-fiction books]] 7w9nybgbls2yq0epysj0rh6zc0av1k2 10882604 10882602 2026-06-09T20:13:57Z CozyWinter 1747934 10882604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | image = | name = After the Spike | author = Dean Spears and Michael Geruso | language = English | publisher = [[Simon and Schuster]] | pub_date = July 8, 2025 | media_type = [[Hardcover]], [[Paperback]], [[ebook]] | pages = 320 | isbn = 9781668057339 | oclc = 1528475081 | website = {{URL|https://afterthespike.com/}} }} '''''After the Spike: Population, Progress, and the Case for People''''' is a nonfiction book by economist Dean Spears and Michael Geruso published by [[Simon & Schuster|Simon and Schuster]] in 2025, that examines global demographic trends, particularly the decline in [[Total fertility rate|fertility rates]] and its effects on society, progress, and the environment. == Background == Global human [[population growth]] over the past two hundred years has been driven by fewer people dying, especially young children, even as fertility rates have steadily gone down. Spears and Geruso use the term "the spike" to describe this historical period of fast population growth that has taken humanity to a peak before it is expected to decline in the later part of the 21st century.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-08 |title=Why Population Stabilization Matters |url=https://afterthespike.com/articles/why-population-stabilization-matters/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=afterthespike.com}}</ref> == Themes == After the Spike argues against some common ideas about population and how it impacts society. Some of its main arguments are: * Worries about [[Population decline|population decline]]: Instead of arguing that population decline is good for the environment or economy the authors argue that population decline leads to less progress, innovation and opportunity.<ref name=":1" /> * Human progress and scale: The book suggests that innovation and progress are connected to how big or small the population is and that a smaller global population could bring down the ability for humanity to innovate and problem-solve.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Jarral |first=Farrah |date=2025-07-29 |title=After the Spike by Dean Spears and Michael Geruso review – the truth about population |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/jul/29/after-the-spike-by-dean-spears-and-michael-geruso-review-the-truth-about-population |access-date=2026-01-17 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> * Policy proposals: To do something about the population decline, Spears and Geruso argue for policies that make parenting more supported socially and economically, emphasizing reproductive freedom, childcare, parental leave, and cultural changes that value caregiving roles.<ref name=":1"/> == Reception == The book has received attention from reviewers and commentators. * ''[[The Guardian]]'' described it as a "persuasive debunking of demographic myths" and noted its provocative reevaluation of population trends.<ref name=":0" /> * A review in the ''[[Independent Institute]]'' brought up the detailed demographic projections and economics reasoning behind the book's argument that declining fertility rates may lead to gradual depopulation with wide-ranging effects on society and the economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Review: After the Spike: Population, Progress, and the Case for People, Dean Spears and Michael Geruso |url=https://www.independent.org/tir/2025-fall/after-the-spike/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Independent Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> * Aidan Grogan writing for [[Liberty Fund|Law & Liberty]] described the book as a straightforward rejection of the myth that the world is overpopulated and brings attention to humans as a "net good—for innovation, for rising living standards, and yes, even for the planet."<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Malthusianism – Aidan Grogan |url=https://lawliberty.org/book-review/after-malthusianism/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Law & Liberty |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' described the book as bold and data-rich, emphasizing its challenge to the idea that the population decline solves global problems and its framing of people as driving progress rather than burdens to be reduced.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhowmick |first=Soumya |date=2025-09-14 |title=People, progress, and a world in decline |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2025/Sep/14/people-progress-and-a-world-in-decline |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> * Tom Calver’s review in [[The Times|''The'' ''Times'']] highlights the book’s exploration of declining global fertility rates below replacement level, its description of how population growth has historically lead to technological advancement and innovation, and its discussion of the increasing [[opportunity cost]]s of having children in a world with many alternative life paths. However, he also faults the authors for giving too little weight to humanity’s ability to confront and overcome these challenges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=We need a baby boom — why falling birth rates are bad news for all of us|url=https://www.thetimes.com/culture/books/article/after-spike-risks-global-depopulation-case-people-dean-spears-michael-geruso-review-6cm02b6cx|website=www.thetimes.com|date=2025-07-03|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|first=Tom|last=Calver}}</ref> == See also == * [[Population decline]] * [[Population growth]] == References == <references/>{{Enwp based|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=After_the_Spike&oldid=1341975368}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Non-fiction books]] iwa606zafjh08airr8oc1k02aub0rp7 14 1270828 10882613 2026-06-09T20:20:40Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "[[Category:2026 events by month| 06]] [[Category:June events|2026]]" 10882613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:2026 events by month| 06]] [[Category:June events|2026]] hifk4bq6nrp9ysyjbnfdiggfarrp5cx 3 1270829 10882628 2026-06-09T20:39:32Z NDG 1452189 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Lisa Crites]]. 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([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882705 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Wikipedia:How to copy-edit]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 22:17, 9 June 2026 (UTC) g1n6hhfrkyiltkh7xo1iltvaxev8ylj 0 1270839 10882709 2026-06-09T22:36:35Z ~2026-34109-47 1819352 Created page with "he is an Afghan Politician" 10882709 wikitext text/x-wiki he is an Afghan Politician 8g9ijw1xzoik2tjf78ekbwxksslid7f 3 1270840 10882714 2026-06-09T22:41:33Z ChenzwBot 16695 Adding level 1 warning about vandalism on [[Nut]] (BOT) 10882714 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make useful changes to Wikipedia. However, at least one of your changes, such as the one you made to "[[:Nut]]", did not seem to be helpful and has been '''automatically reverted''' by [[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]]. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10882712|Edit]] (10882712) processed with score of 0.98581. *<small>As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again.</small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 22:41, 9 June 2026 (UTC) qd0gh9ufdi3ib0676h1x1dw3gjseip7 3 1270842 10882728 2026-06-09T23:09:37Z Leonidlednev 1133011 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Vida the Vet]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882728 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Vida the Vet== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Vida the Vet]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Vida the Vet}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Leonidlednev|Leonidlednev]] ([[User talk:Leonidlednev|talk]]) 23:09, 9 June 2026 (UTC) qrzm34dwn7nny1pivrrkz9iwrjc4rjt 0 1270844 10882802 2026-06-10T01:05:45Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Redirected page to [[Office of the United States Trade Representative]] 10882802 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Office of the United States Trade Representative]] 1220q3pln8ymawlehqakxga64ybzlhn 1 1270845 10882816 2026-06-10T01:22:34Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Talk header}} {{blp}} {{Active politician}} {{translated page|en|Xavier Becerra|version=1358634578|insertversion=}}" 10882816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} {{blp}} {{Active politician}} {{translated page|en|Xavier Becerra|version=1358634578|insertversion=}} 9fmqk4ausstqokp6sk92k56yjgk0bt9 0 1270846 10882817 2026-06-10T01:23:09Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Redirected page to [[Edward R. Roybal]] 10882817 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Edward R. Roybal]] l5g80jev0f3w4my2terw2yzljmz6c7x 0 1270847 10882818 2026-06-10T01:26:06Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder |name = Ed Roybal |image = Edward R Roybal.jpg |office = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] |term_start = January 3, 1963 |term_end = January 3, 1993 |predecessor = [[Gordon L. McDonough]] (redistricted) |successor = [[Xavier Becerra]] (redistricted) |constituency = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1963–1975)<br>{{ushr|CA|25|C}} (1975–1993) |office1 = Member of the Los Angeles City..." 10882818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Ed Roybal |image = Edward R Roybal.jpg |office = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] |term_start = January 3, 1963 |term_end = January 3, 1993 |predecessor = [[Gordon L. McDonough]] (redistricted) |successor = [[Xavier Becerra]] (redistricted) |constituency = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1963–1975)<br>{{ushr|CA|25|C}} (1975–1993) |office1 = Member of the [[Los Angeles City Council]]<br>from the [[Los Angeles's 9th City Council district|9th]] district |term_start1 = July 1, 1949 |term_end1 = December 31, 1962 |predecessor1 = [[Parley P. Christensen]] |successor1 = [[Gilbert W. Lindsay|Gil Lindsay]] |birth_name = Edward Ross Roybal |birth_date = {{birth date|1916|2|10}} |birth_place = [[Pecos, New Mexico]], U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|2005|10|24|1916|2|10}} |death_place = [[Pasadena, California]], U.S. |party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |spouse = Lucille Beserra |children = 3, including [[Lucille Roybal-Allard|Lucille]] |education = [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (attended)<br>[[Southwestern University]] (attended) |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{army|United States}} |battles = [[World War II]] |module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. Edward R. Roybal on Amendments to the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.ogg |title=Roybal's voice |type=speech |description=Roybal on proposed amendments to the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]].<br>Recorded October 1, 1986}} }} '''Edward Ross Roybal''' (February 10, 1916 &ndash; October 24, 2005) was an American politician. He was a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. He was the first [[Latino]] American to be elected to the [[Los Angeles City Council]]. He was in the council from 1949 to 1962. He later served 15 terms in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from 1963 to 1993, representing parts of [[Downtown Los Angeles|Downtown]] and [[East Los Angeles, California|East Los Angeles]]. Roybal was born on February 10, 1916, into a [[Mexican]] family in [[Pecos, New Mexico]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=19 July 2025 |title=Roybal, Edward R. |url=https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/20684?current_search_qs=%3FTerm%3DSearch%26SearchIn%3DLastName%26ShowNon%26PreviousSearch%3DSearch%252cLastName%252c%252c%252c%252c%252cFalse%252cFalse%252cFalse%252c%252cCongress%26CurrentPage%3D783%26SortOrder%3DCongress%26ResultType%3DGrid%26Command%3D783 |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=history.house.gov |at=Extended biography, second paragraph}}</ref> On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the [[Presidential Citizens Medal]] by President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html|title=Clinton White House website|access-date=2011-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801215612/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html|archive-date=2012-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roybal died of [[respiratory failure]] caused by [[pneumonia]] on October 24, 2005 at a hospital in [[Pasadena, California]] at the age of 89.<ref name=SouthlandMourns>{{Cite web |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=3575816 |title="Southland Mourns Death of Edward Roybal," ABC-7 News |access-date=2019-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012031421/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=3575816 |archive-date=2012-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{CongBio|R000485}}| *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514193510/http://www.naleo.org/RoybalGala.html The Edward R. Roybal Legacy Gala NALEO] * {{C-SPAN|7224}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roybal, Edward}} [[Category:1916 births]] [[Category:2005 deaths]] {{US-bio-stub}} 6ab3amq9ko0yxx49l2r7kn97xqrp2vw 10882819 10882818 2026-06-10T01:27:27Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 + 7 categories using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Ed Roybal |image = Edward R Roybal.jpg |office = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[California]] |term_start = January 3, 1963 |term_end = January 3, 1993 |predecessor = [[Gordon L. McDonough]] (redistricted) |successor = [[Xavier Becerra]] (redistricted) |constituency = {{ushr|CA|30|C}} (1963–1975)<br>{{ushr|CA|25|C}} (1975–1993) |office1 = Member of the [[Los Angeles City Council]]<br>from the [[Los Angeles's 9th City Council district|9th]] district |term_start1 = July 1, 1949 |term_end1 = December 31, 1962 |predecessor1 = [[Parley P. Christensen]] |successor1 = [[Gilbert W. Lindsay|Gil Lindsay]] |birth_name = Edward Ross Roybal |birth_date = {{birth date|1916|2|10}} |birth_place = [[Pecos, New Mexico]], U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|2005|10|24|1916|2|10}} |death_place = [[Pasadena, California]], U.S. |party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |spouse = Lucille Beserra |children = 3, including [[Lucille Roybal-Allard|Lucille]] |education = [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (attended)<br>[[Southwestern University]] (attended) |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{army|United States}} |battles = [[World War II]] |module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. Edward R. Roybal on Amendments to the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.ogg |title=Roybal's voice |type=speech |description=Roybal on proposed amendments to the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]].<br>Recorded October 1, 1986}} }} '''Edward Ross Roybal''' (February 10, 1916 &ndash; October 24, 2005) was an American politician. He was a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. He was the first [[Latino]] American to be elected to the [[Los Angeles City Council]]. He was in the council from 1949 to 1962. He later served 15 terms in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from 1963 to 1993, representing parts of [[Downtown Los Angeles|Downtown]] and [[East Los Angeles, California|East Los Angeles]]. Roybal was born on February 10, 1916, into a [[Mexican]] family in [[Pecos, New Mexico]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=19 July 2025 |title=Roybal, Edward R. |url=https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/20684?current_search_qs=%3FTerm%3DSearch%26SearchIn%3DLastName%26ShowNon%26PreviousSearch%3DSearch%252cLastName%252c%252c%252c%252c%252cFalse%252cFalse%252cFalse%252c%252cCongress%26CurrentPage%3D783%26SortOrder%3DCongress%26ResultType%3DGrid%26Command%3D783 |access-date=19 July 2025 |website=history.house.gov |at=Extended biography, second paragraph}}</ref> On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the [[Presidential Citizens Medal]] by President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html|title=Clinton White House website|access-date=2011-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801215612/http://clinton5.nara.gov/WH/new/html/Mon_Jan_8_141714_2001.html|archive-date=2012-08-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> Roybal died of [[respiratory failure]] caused by [[pneumonia]] on October 24, 2005 at a hospital in [[Pasadena, California]] at the age of 89.<ref name=SouthlandMourns>{{Cite web |url=http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=3575816 |title="Southland Mourns Death of Edward Roybal," ABC-7 News |access-date=2019-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012031421/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news%2Flocal&id=3575816 |archive-date=2012-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{CongBio|R000485}}| *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514193510/http://www.naleo.org/RoybalGala.html The Edward R. Roybal Legacy Gala NALEO] * {{C-SPAN|7224}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roybal, Edward}} [[Category:1916 births]] [[Category:2005 deaths]] [[Category:Deaths from pneumonia]] [[Category:Deaths from respiratory failure]] [[Category:American military personnel of World War II]] [[Category:United States representatives from California]] [[Category:Politicians from Los Angeles]] [[Category:Politicians from New Mexico]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] {{US-bio-stub}} jd8tb16t58v096ncfljey5qage8feo3 0 1270848 10882820 2026-06-10T01:28:08Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Infobox settlement |official_name = Pecos, New Mexico |settlement_type = [[Village (United States)|Village]] |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Our Lady of Guadalupe Abbey in Pecos, NM.jpg |imagesize = 225px |image_caption = Our Lady of Guadalupe Benedictine Abbey near Pecos |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |image_map = San_Miguel_County..." 10882820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Pecos, New Mexico |settlement_type = [[Village (United States)|Village]] |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Our Lady of Guadalupe Abbey in Pecos, NM.jpg |imagesize = 225px |image_caption = Our Lady of Guadalupe Benedictine Abbey near Pecos |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |image_map = San_Miguel_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Pecos_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Pecos, New Mexico |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = USA#New Mexico |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[New Mexico]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 4.60 |area_land_km2 = 4.60 |area_water_km2 = 0.00 |area_total_sq_mi = 1.77 |area_land_sq_mi = 1.77 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] |population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/> |population_total = 1392 |population_density_km2 = 302.76 |population_density_sq_mi = 784.23 <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]] |utc_offset = -7 |timezone_DST = MDT |utc_offset_DST = -6 |elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> |elevation_ft = 6992 |coordinates = {{coord|35|34|33|N|105|40|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 87552 |area_code = [[Area code 505|505]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 35-55620 |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 2413576<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2413576}}</ref> |website = |footnotes = }} '''Pecos''' is a village in [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel County]], [[New Mexico]], United States. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], Pecos had a population of 1,392.<ref name="Census2020PLLede">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N&for=place%3A55620&in=state%3A35|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=March 6, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-geo-stub}} ozuhztlb8yuw9ipab4oj1vqw46qncpk 10882821 10882820 2026-06-10T01:28:24Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 10882821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Pecos, New Mexico |settlement_type = [[Village (United States)|Village]] |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Our Lady of Guadalupe Abbey in Pecos, NM.jpg |imagesize = 225px |image_caption = Our Lady of Guadalupe Benedictine Abbey near Pecos |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |image_map = San_Miguel_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Pecos_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Pecos, New Mexico |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = USA#New Mexico |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[New Mexico]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 4.60 |area_land_km2 = 4.60 |area_water_km2 = 0.00 |area_total_sq_mi = 1.77 |area_land_sq_mi = 1.77 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] |population_total = 1392 |population_density_km2 = 302.76 |population_density_sq_mi = 784.23 <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]] |utc_offset = -7 |timezone_DST = MDT |utc_offset_DST = -6 |elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> |elevation_ft = 6992 |coordinates = {{coord|35|34|33|N|105|40|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 87552 |area_code = [[Area code 505|505]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 35-55620 |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 2413576<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2413576}}</ref> |website = |footnotes = }} '''Pecos''' is a village in [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel County]], [[New Mexico]], United States. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], Pecos had a population of 1,392.<ref name="Census2020PLLede">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N&for=place%3A55620&in=state%3A35|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=March 6, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-geo-stub}} 8icocl01degmw7jkiri9m0tjkmj6ol6 10882822 10882821 2026-06-10T01:28:40Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Villages in New Mexico]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Pecos, New Mexico |settlement_type = [[Village (United States)|Village]] |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = Our Lady of Guadalupe Abbey in Pecos, NM.jpg |imagesize = 225px |image_caption = Our Lady of Guadalupe Benedictine Abbey near Pecos |image_flag = |image_seal = <!-- Maps --> |image_map = San_Miguel_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Pecos_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Pecos, New Mexico |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = USA#New Mexico |pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[New Mexico]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New Mexico|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='35'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 4.60 |area_land_km2 = 4.60 |area_water_km2 = 0.00 |area_total_sq_mi = 1.77 |area_land_sq_mi = 1.77 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] |population_total = 1392 |population_density_km2 = 302.76 |population_density_sq_mi = 784.23 <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]] |utc_offset = -7 |timezone_DST = MDT |utc_offset_DST = -6 |elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> |elevation_ft = 6992 |coordinates = {{coord|35|34|33|N|105|40|42|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]] |postal_code = 87552 |area_code = [[Area code 505|505]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 35-55620 |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 2413576<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2413576}}</ref> |website = |footnotes = }} '''Pecos''' is a village in [[San Miguel County, New Mexico|San Miguel County]], [[New Mexico]], United States. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], Pecos had a population of 1,392.<ref name="Census2020PLLede">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME%2CP1_001N&for=place%3A55620&in=state%3A35|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=March 6, 2026|df=mdy}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-geo-stub}} [[Category:Villages in New Mexico]] pgw2dtqo8iwjmp9hiswxxslxyi88pyo 0 1270849 10882823 2026-06-10T01:29:22Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Redirected page to [[John B. Larson]] 10882823 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[John B. Larson]] 73yzg6qjlay1d69npnhyhc6cwsho9ld 0 1270850 10882824 2026-06-10T01:31:04Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Infobox officeholder | name = John Larson | image = John B. Larson.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2018 | alt = Congressman John B. Larson from Connecticut's 1st Congressional District, in a photo taken in 2018. | state = [[Connecticut]] | district = {{ushr|CT|1|1st}} | term_start = January 3, 1999 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Barbara Kennelly]]<!-- | suc..." 10882824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Larson | image = John B. Larson.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2018 | alt = Congressman John B. Larson from Connecticut's 1st Congressional District, in a photo taken in 2018. | state = [[Connecticut]] | district = {{ushr|CT|1|1st}} | term_start = January 3, 1999 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Barbara Kennelly]]<!-- | successor = --> {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office2 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader2 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2009 | term_end2 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor2 = [[Rahm Emanuel]] | successor2 = [[Xavier Becerra]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start3 = January 17, 2006 | term_end3 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor3 = [[Jim Clyburn]] | successor3 = Xavier Becerra | office4 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on House Administration|House Administration Committee]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2003 | term_end4 = January 3, 2005 | predecessor4 = [[Steny Hoyer]] | successor4 = [[Juanita Millender-McDonald]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | office5 = [[Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate|President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate]] | term_start5 = January 7, 1987 | term_end5 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor5 = Philip Robertson | successor5 = [[M. Adela Eads]] | state_senate6 = Connecticut State | district6 = [[Connecticut's 3rd State Senate district|3rd]] | term_start6 = January 5, 1983 | term_end6 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor6 = Marcella Fahey | successor6 = Kevin Rennie | birth_name = John Barry Larson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|7|22}} | birth_place = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Leslie Best|1981}} | children = 3 | education = [[Central Connecticut State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | relatives = [[Tim Larson]] (brother) | website = {{url|larson.house.gov|House website}}<br>{{url|larsonforcongress.org|Campaign website}} | signature = Signature of John B. Larson.svg | module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. John B. Larson on the Shooting of Rep. Gabby Giffords.ogg |title=Larson's voice |type=speech |description=Larson honoring [[Gabby Giffords]] after the [[2011 Tucson shooting]]<br>Recorded January 12, 2011}} }} '''John Barry Larson''' (born July 22, 1948) is an American businessman and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician. He has been the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|CT|1}} since 1999. Larson chaired the [[House Democratic Caucus]] during the [[111th United States Congress|111th]] and [[112th United States Congress]]. In 2026, Larson is facing serious challengers in the Democratic primary for the first time since his 1998 election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=November 22, 2025 |title=As Democrats Look to a New Generation, John Larson Hangs On |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/22/us/politics/john-larson-connecticut-congress-election.html |access-date=November 22, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In May 2026, Larson lost the [[Democratic Party of Connecticut]] endorsement to former Hartford mayor [[Luke Bronin]]. Despite the loss, Larson has announced that he will continue his campaign for renomination in the August 11 primary election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagen |first=Mark Pazniokas, Lisa |date=2026-05-12 |title=Luke Bronin beats John Larson in convention upset, faces primary |url=https://ctmirror.org/2026/05/11/luke-bronin-beats-john-larson-in-convention-upset-faces-primary/ |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=CT Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} *[https://larson.house.gov/ Congressman John B. Larson] official U.S. House website *[http://www.larsonforcongress.org/ John B. Larson for Congress] {{CongLinks | congbio=l000557 | votesmart=17188 | fec=H8CT01046 | congress=john-larson/1583 }} *{{C-SPAN|36596}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larson, John}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] {{US-bio-stub}} r450a4jn063p9iex51gemb4ce11geu3 10882825 10882824 2026-06-10T01:31:30Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Members of the Connecticut General Assembly]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Larson | image = John B. Larson.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2018 | alt = Congressman John B. Larson from Connecticut's 1st Congressional District, in a photo taken in 2018. | state = [[Connecticut]] | district = {{ushr|CT|1|1st}} | term_start = January 3, 1999 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Barbara Kennelly]]<!-- | successor = --> {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office2 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader2 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2009 | term_end2 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor2 = [[Rahm Emanuel]] | successor2 = [[Xavier Becerra]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start3 = January 17, 2006 | term_end3 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor3 = [[Jim Clyburn]] | successor3 = Xavier Becerra | office4 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on House Administration|House Administration Committee]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2003 | term_end4 = January 3, 2005 | predecessor4 = [[Steny Hoyer]] | successor4 = [[Juanita Millender-McDonald]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | office5 = [[Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate|President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate]] | term_start5 = January 7, 1987 | term_end5 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor5 = Philip Robertson | successor5 = [[M. Adela Eads]] | state_senate6 = Connecticut State | district6 = [[Connecticut's 3rd State Senate district|3rd]] | term_start6 = January 5, 1983 | term_end6 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor6 = Marcella Fahey | successor6 = Kevin Rennie | birth_name = John Barry Larson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|7|22}} | birth_place = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Leslie Best|1981}} | children = 3 | education = [[Central Connecticut State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | relatives = [[Tim Larson]] (brother) | website = {{url|larson.house.gov|House website}}<br>{{url|larsonforcongress.org|Campaign website}} | signature = Signature of John B. Larson.svg | module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. John B. Larson on the Shooting of Rep. Gabby Giffords.ogg |title=Larson's voice |type=speech |description=Larson honoring [[Gabby Giffords]] after the [[2011 Tucson shooting]]<br>Recorded January 12, 2011}} }} '''John Barry Larson''' (born July 22, 1948) is an American businessman and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician. He has been the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|CT|1}} since 1999. Larson chaired the [[House Democratic Caucus]] during the [[111th United States Congress|111th]] and [[112th United States Congress]]. In 2026, Larson is facing serious challengers in the Democratic primary for the first time since his 1998 election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=November 22, 2025 |title=As Democrats Look to a New Generation, John Larson Hangs On |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/22/us/politics/john-larson-connecticut-congress-election.html |access-date=November 22, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In May 2026, Larson lost the [[Democratic Party of Connecticut]] endorsement to former Hartford mayor [[Luke Bronin]]. Despite the loss, Larson has announced that he will continue his campaign for renomination in the August 11 primary election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagen |first=Mark Pazniokas, Lisa |date=2026-05-12 |title=Luke Bronin beats John Larson in convention upset, faces primary |url=https://ctmirror.org/2026/05/11/luke-bronin-beats-john-larson-in-convention-upset-faces-primary/ |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=CT Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} *[https://larson.house.gov/ Congressman John B. Larson] official U.S. House website *[http://www.larsonforcongress.org/ John B. Larson for Congress] {{CongLinks | congbio=l000557 | votesmart=17188 | fec=H8CT01046 | congress=john-larson/1583 }} *{{C-SPAN|36596}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larson, John}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Members of the Connecticut General Assembly]] {{US-bio-stub}} 51tuzzdziivpvtmb09e4w0m01b9k52o 10882826 10882825 2026-06-10T01:31:41Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:United States representatives from Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Larson | image = John B. Larson.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2018 | alt = Congressman John B. Larson from Connecticut's 1st Congressional District, in a photo taken in 2018. | state = [[Connecticut]] | district = {{ushr|CT|1|1st}} | term_start = January 3, 1999 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Barbara Kennelly]]<!-- | successor = --> {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office2 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader2 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2009 | term_end2 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor2 = [[Rahm Emanuel]] | successor2 = [[Xavier Becerra]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start3 = January 17, 2006 | term_end3 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor3 = [[Jim Clyburn]] | successor3 = Xavier Becerra | office4 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on House Administration|House Administration Committee]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2003 | term_end4 = January 3, 2005 | predecessor4 = [[Steny Hoyer]] | successor4 = [[Juanita Millender-McDonald]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | office5 = [[Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate|President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate]] | term_start5 = January 7, 1987 | term_end5 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor5 = Philip Robertson | successor5 = [[M. Adela Eads]] | state_senate6 = Connecticut State | district6 = [[Connecticut's 3rd State Senate district|3rd]] | term_start6 = January 5, 1983 | term_end6 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor6 = Marcella Fahey | successor6 = Kevin Rennie | birth_name = John Barry Larson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|7|22}} | birth_place = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Leslie Best|1981}} | children = 3 | education = [[Central Connecticut State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | relatives = [[Tim Larson]] (brother) | website = {{url|larson.house.gov|House website}}<br>{{url|larsonforcongress.org|Campaign website}} | signature = Signature of John B. Larson.svg | module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. John B. Larson on the Shooting of Rep. Gabby Giffords.ogg |title=Larson's voice |type=speech |description=Larson honoring [[Gabby Giffords]] after the [[2011 Tucson shooting]]<br>Recorded January 12, 2011}} }} '''John Barry Larson''' (born July 22, 1948) is an American businessman and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician. He has been the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|CT|1}} since 1999. Larson chaired the [[House Democratic Caucus]] during the [[111th United States Congress|111th]] and [[112th United States Congress]]. In 2026, Larson is facing serious challengers in the Democratic primary for the first time since his 1998 election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=November 22, 2025 |title=As Democrats Look to a New Generation, John Larson Hangs On |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/22/us/politics/john-larson-connecticut-congress-election.html |access-date=November 22, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In May 2026, Larson lost the [[Democratic Party of Connecticut]] endorsement to former Hartford mayor [[Luke Bronin]]. Despite the loss, Larson has announced that he will continue his campaign for renomination in the August 11 primary election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagen |first=Mark Pazniokas, Lisa |date=2026-05-12 |title=Luke Bronin beats John Larson in convention upset, faces primary |url=https://ctmirror.org/2026/05/11/luke-bronin-beats-john-larson-in-convention-upset-faces-primary/ |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=CT Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} *[https://larson.house.gov/ Congressman John B. Larson] official U.S. House website *[http://www.larsonforcongress.org/ John B. Larson for Congress] {{CongLinks | congbio=l000557 | votesmart=17188 | fec=H8CT01046 | congress=john-larson/1583 }} *{{C-SPAN|36596}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larson, John}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Members of the Connecticut General Assembly]] [[Category:United States representatives from Connecticut]] {{US-bio-stub}} 8hw4c6n4icc5y7ilbeaslszdfmtrctz 10882827 10882826 2026-06-10T01:32:09Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 +[[Category:Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut]]; +[[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]]; +[[Category:Businesspeople from Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Larson | image = John B. Larson.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2018 | alt = Congressman John B. Larson from Connecticut's 1st Congressional District, in a photo taken in 2018. | state = [[Connecticut]] | district = {{ushr|CT|1|1st}} | term_start = January 3, 1999 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Barbara Kennelly]]<!-- | successor = --> {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office2 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader2 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2009 | term_end2 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor2 = [[Rahm Emanuel]] | successor2 = [[Xavier Becerra]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start3 = January 17, 2006 | term_end3 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor3 = [[Jim Clyburn]] | successor3 = Xavier Becerra | office4 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on House Administration|House Administration Committee]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2003 | term_end4 = January 3, 2005 | predecessor4 = [[Steny Hoyer]] | successor4 = [[Juanita Millender-McDonald]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | office5 = [[Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate|President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate]] | term_start5 = January 7, 1987 | term_end5 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor5 = Philip Robertson | successor5 = [[M. Adela Eads]] | state_senate6 = Connecticut State | district6 = [[Connecticut's 3rd State Senate district|3rd]] | term_start6 = January 5, 1983 | term_end6 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor6 = Marcella Fahey | successor6 = Kevin Rennie | birth_name = John Barry Larson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|7|22}} | birth_place = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Leslie Best|1981}} | children = 3 | education = [[Central Connecticut State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | relatives = [[Tim Larson]] (brother) | website = {{url|larson.house.gov|House website}}<br>{{url|larsonforcongress.org|Campaign website}} | signature = Signature of John B. Larson.svg | module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. John B. Larson on the Shooting of Rep. Gabby Giffords.ogg |title=Larson's voice |type=speech |description=Larson honoring [[Gabby Giffords]] after the [[2011 Tucson shooting]]<br>Recorded January 12, 2011}} }} '''John Barry Larson''' (born July 22, 1948) is an American businessman and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician. He has been the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|CT|1}} since 1999. Larson chaired the [[House Democratic Caucus]] during the [[111th United States Congress|111th]] and [[112th United States Congress]]. In 2026, Larson is facing serious challengers in the Democratic primary for the first time since his 1998 election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=November 22, 2025 |title=As Democrats Look to a New Generation, John Larson Hangs On |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/22/us/politics/john-larson-connecticut-congress-election.html |access-date=November 22, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In May 2026, Larson lost the [[Democratic Party of Connecticut]] endorsement to former Hartford mayor [[Luke Bronin]]. Despite the loss, Larson has announced that he will continue his campaign for renomination in the August 11 primary election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagen |first=Mark Pazniokas, Lisa |date=2026-05-12 |title=Luke Bronin beats John Larson in convention upset, faces primary |url=https://ctmirror.org/2026/05/11/luke-bronin-beats-john-larson-in-convention-upset-faces-primary/ |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=CT Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} *[https://larson.house.gov/ Congressman John B. Larson] official U.S. House website *[http://www.larsonforcongress.org/ John B. Larson for Congress] {{CongLinks | congbio=l000557 | votesmart=17188 | fec=H8CT01046 | congress=john-larson/1583 }} *{{C-SPAN|36596}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larson, John}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Members of the Connecticut General Assembly]] [[Category:United States representatives from Connecticut]] [[Category:Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Connecticut]] {{US-bio-stub}} rs8bx8qer8sky5rc2tuqnz1k2pscj3i 10882828 10882827 2026-06-10T01:32:24Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 removed [[Category:Businesspeople from Connecticut]]; added [[Category:Businesspeople from Hartford, Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = John Larson | image = John B. Larson.jpg | caption = Official portrait, 2018 | alt = Congressman John B. Larson from Connecticut's 1st Congressional District, in a photo taken in 2018. | state = [[Connecticut]] | district = {{ushr|CT|1|1st}} | term_start = January 3, 1999 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Barbara Kennelly]]<!-- | successor = --> {{Collapsed infobox section begin|House positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}} {{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes | office2 = [[Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader2 = [[Nancy Pelosi]] | term_start2 = January 3, 2009 | term_end2 = January 3, 2013 | predecessor2 = [[Rahm Emanuel]] | successor2 = [[Xavier Becerra]] | office3 = [[Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives|Vice Chair of the House Democratic Caucus]] | leader3 = Nancy Pelosi | term_start3 = January 17, 2006 | term_end3 = January 3, 2009 | predecessor3 = [[Jim Clyburn]] | successor3 = Xavier Becerra | office4 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on House Administration|House Administration Committee]] | term_start4 = January 3, 2003 | term_end4 = January 3, 2005 | predecessor4 = [[Steny Hoyer]] | successor4 = [[Juanita Millender-McDonald]] }} {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | office5 = [[Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate|President pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate]] | term_start5 = January 7, 1987 | term_end5 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor5 = Philip Robertson | successor5 = [[M. Adela Eads]] | state_senate6 = Connecticut State | district6 = [[Connecticut's 3rd State Senate district|3rd]] | term_start6 = January 5, 1983 | term_end6 = January 4, 1995 | predecessor6 = Marcella Fahey | successor6 = Kevin Rennie | birth_name = John Barry Larson | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|7|22}} | birth_place = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | spouse = {{marriage|Leslie Best|1981}} | children = 3 | education = [[Central Connecticut State University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) | relatives = [[Tim Larson]] (brother) | website = {{url|larson.house.gov|House website}}<br>{{url|larsonforcongress.org|Campaign website}} | signature = Signature of John B. Larson.svg | module = {{Listen |pos=center |embed=yes |filename=Rep. John B. Larson on the Shooting of Rep. Gabby Giffords.ogg |title=Larson's voice |type=speech |description=Larson honoring [[Gabby Giffords]] after the [[2011 Tucson shooting]]<br>Recorded January 12, 2011}} }} '''John Barry Larson''' (born July 22, 1948) is an American businessman and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] politician. He has been the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|CT|1}} since 1999. Larson chaired the [[House Democratic Caucus]] during the [[111th United States Congress|111th]] and [[112th United States Congress]]. In 2026, Larson is facing serious challengers in the Democratic primary for the first time since his 1998 election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karni |first=Annie |date=November 22, 2025 |title=As Democrats Look to a New Generation, John Larson Hangs On |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/22/us/politics/john-larson-connecticut-congress-election.html |access-date=November 22, 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In May 2026, Larson lost the [[Democratic Party of Connecticut]] endorsement to former Hartford mayor [[Luke Bronin]]. Despite the loss, Larson has announced that he will continue his campaign for renomination in the August 11 primary election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagen |first=Mark Pazniokas, Lisa |date=2026-05-12 |title=Luke Bronin beats John Larson in convention upset, faces primary |url=https://ctmirror.org/2026/05/11/luke-bronin-beats-john-larson-in-convention-upset-faces-primary/ |access-date=2026-05-16 |website=CT Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Other websites== {{commonscat-inline}} *[https://larson.house.gov/ Congressman John B. Larson] official U.S. House website *[http://www.larsonforcongress.org/ John B. Larson for Congress] {{CongLinks | congbio=l000557 | votesmart=17188 | fec=H8CT01046 | congress=john-larson/1583 }} *{{C-SPAN|36596}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Larson, John}} [[Category:1948 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Members of the Connecticut General Assembly]] [[Category:United States representatives from Connecticut]] [[Category:Politicians from Hartford, Connecticut]] [[Category:Democratic Party (United States) politicians]] [[Category:Businesspeople from Hartford, Connecticut]] {{US-bio-stub}} o73xlr1xpaxfrzssyvai301qxv0lv2n 0 1270851 10882831 2026-06-10T01:33:12Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 Created page with "{{Infobox U.S. congressional district | state = Connecticut | district number = 1 | image name = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|from=Connecticut's 1st congressional district (2023–2033).map|frame-height=300|frame-width=400|frame-latitude=41.77|frame-longitude=-72.75|zoom=9|overlay-horizontal-alignment=right|overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom|overlay=[[File:Connecticut's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg|120px]]}} | image width = | image caption = Interactive m..." 10882831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. congressional district | state = Connecticut | district number = 1 | image name = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|from=Connecticut's 1st congressional district (2023–2033).map|frame-height=300|frame-width=400|frame-latitude=41.77|frame-longitude=-72.75|zoom=9|overlay-horizontal-alignment=right|overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom|overlay=[[File:Connecticut's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg|120px]]}} | image width = | image caption = Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 | representative = [[John B. Larson]] | party = Democratic | residence = East Hartford | english area = 673 | metric area = | percent urban = 93.94 | percent rural = 6.06 | population = 734,950 | population year = 2024 | median income = $85,466<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=09&cd=01|title = My Congressional District}}</ref> | percent white = 57.0 | percent hispanic = 17.8 | percent black = 14.8 | percent asian = 5.9 | percent more than one race = 3.6 | percent other race = 0.8 | percent blue collar = | percent white collar = | percent gray collar = | cpvi = D+12<ref name=Cook>{{Cite web|title=2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/cook-pvi/2025-partisan-voting-index/district-map-and-list|access-date=2025-04-05|website=Cook Political Report|date=April 3, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Connecticut's 1st congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Connecticut]]. It is located in the north-central part of the state, near the state capital of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]. It is made up of central Connecticut and includes towns within [[Hartford County, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield]], and [[Middlesex County, Connecticut|Middlesex]] counties. ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-stub}} 9j9k24rodov1g88ah1z0bvudlfofchy 10882834 10882831 2026-06-10T01:33:34Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 added [[Category:Congressional districts of Connecticut]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. congressional district | state = Connecticut | district number = 1 | image name = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|from=Connecticut's 1st congressional district (2023–2033).map|frame-height=300|frame-width=400|frame-latitude=41.77|frame-longitude=-72.75|zoom=9|overlay-horizontal-alignment=right|overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom|overlay=[[File:Connecticut's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg|120px]]}} | image width = | image caption = Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 | representative = [[John B. Larson]] | party = Democratic | residence = East Hartford | english area = 673 | metric area = | percent urban = 93.94 | percent rural = 6.06 | population = 734,950 | population year = 2024 | median income = $85,466<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=09&cd=01|title = My Congressional District}}</ref> | percent white = 57.0 | percent hispanic = 17.8 | percent black = 14.8 | percent asian = 5.9 | percent more than one race = 3.6 | percent other race = 0.8 | percent blue collar = | percent white collar = | percent gray collar = | cpvi = D+12<ref name=Cook>{{Cite web|title=2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/cook-pvi/2025-partisan-voting-index/district-map-and-list|access-date=2025-04-05|website=Cook Political Report|date=April 3, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Connecticut's 1st congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Connecticut]]. It is located in the north-central part of the state, near the state capital of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]. It is made up of central Connecticut and includes towns within [[Hartford County, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield]], and [[Middlesex County, Connecticut|Middlesex]] counties. ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:Congressional districts of Connecticut]] tmj74q8kw9grx83ge9e8waq8gwc2mku 10882835 10882834 2026-06-10T01:33:38Z TDKR Chicago 101 248920 new key for [[Category:Congressional districts of Connecticut]]: "1" using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 10882835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox U.S. congressional district | state = Connecticut | district number = 1 | image name = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|from=Connecticut's 1st congressional district (2023–2033).map|frame-height=300|frame-width=400|frame-latitude=41.77|frame-longitude=-72.75|zoom=9|overlay-horizontal-alignment=right|overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom|overlay=[[File:Connecticut's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg|120px]]}} | image width = | image caption = Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 | representative = [[John B. Larson]] | party = Democratic | residence = East Hartford | english area = 673 | metric area = | percent urban = 93.94 | percent rural = 6.06 | population = 734,950 | population year = 2024 | median income = $85,466<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=09&cd=01|title = My Congressional District}}</ref> | percent white = 57.0 | percent hispanic = 17.8 | percent black = 14.8 | percent asian = 5.9 | percent more than one race = 3.6 | percent other race = 0.8 | percent blue collar = | percent white collar = | percent gray collar = | cpvi = D+12<ref name=Cook>{{Cite web|title=2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/cook-pvi/2025-partisan-voting-index/district-map-and-list|access-date=2025-04-05|website=Cook Political Report|date=April 3, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> }} '''Connecticut's 1st congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Connecticut]]. It is located in the north-central part of the state, near the state capital of [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]. It is made up of central Connecticut and includes towns within [[Hartford County, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Litchfield County, Connecticut|Litchfield]], and [[Middlesex County, Connecticut|Middlesex]] counties. ==References== {{reflist}} {{US-stub}} [[Category:Congressional districts of Connecticut|1]] hbu25ni8h2fplmj9meys7daohzr76xb 3 1270853 10882853 2026-06-10T02:23:04Z ChenzwBot 16695 Adding level 1 warning about vandalism on [[Aaron Copland]] (BOT) 10882853 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|left|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make useful changes to Wikipedia. However, at least one of your changes, such as the one you made to "[[:Aaron Copland]]", did not seem to be helpful and has been '''automatically reverted''' by [[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]]. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you. *Technical details: [[Special:Diff/10882851|Edit]] (10882851) processed with score of 0.99143. *<small>As an automated computer program, ChenzwBot makes few mistakes, but it may happen in rare cases. If you believe your change was not vandalism, remove this message from your talk page, and then make the change again.</small> <!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> --[[User:ChenzwBot|ChenzwBot]] ([[User talk:ChenzwBot|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChenzwBot|contribs]]) 02:23, 10 June 2026 (UTC) rls4pcht38pztyqs0daklsi58uqqb73 3 1270854 10882863 2026-06-10T02:53:10Z Garsh2 1475106 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Rolly Bundock]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882863 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Rolly Bundock== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Rolly Bundock]], has been selected for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]] for multiple reasons. '''Please see the page to see the specific reasons.''' If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Rolly Bundock}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was an error, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Requests for undeletion|undeleted]]. <!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 02:53, 10 June 2026 (UTC) nuojxaa71som202lmsvjtrm9tvdpp2q 1 1270855 10882870 2026-06-10T03:01:03Z Koqkpa 1203320 /* Attribution */ new section 10882870 wikitext text/x-wiki == Attribution == {{Translated page|en|Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory|version=1265080691}} <span style="text-shadow: 4px 4px 12px #0D47A1, -4px -4px 12px #0D47A1;">[[User:Koqkpa|Koqkpa]]&nbsp;[[User_talk:Koqkpa|^''chat'']]</span> 03:01, 10 June 2026 (UTC) f2hphre62hubas5989yiow00og4tivm 10882871 10882870 2026-06-10T03:02:28Z Koqkpa 1203320 /* Attribution */ 10882871 wikitext text/x-wiki == Attribution == {{Translated page|en|Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory|version=1303461636}} <span style="text-shadow: 4px 4px 12px #0D47A1, -4px -4px 12px #0D47A1;">[[User:Koqkpa|Koqkpa]]&nbsp;[[User_talk:Koqkpa|^''chat'']]</span> 03:01, 10 June 2026 (UTC) mpi8c6kjuz7hr4xyl1garjd2i2nm916 4 1270856 10882874 2026-06-10T03:06:09Z SpBot 17413 archiving 2 sections from [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser]] (after section [[Wikipedia:Requests for checkuser/Archives/2026-06#State-owned_military_company|State-owned_military_company]]) 10882874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talkarchive}} == [[State-owned military company]] == * {{checkuser|Hugoy678}} * {{checkuser|Coughing hydrogen}} [[WP:EVASION]]. [[User:Hugoy678]] created page [[State-owned military company]] ({{u|Fr33kman}} deleted page). User:Coughing hydrogen recreated the page. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|talk]]) 04:00, 6 June 2026 (UTC) :{{confirmed}} and blocked. No more socks found yet. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:40, 6 June 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:40, 6 June 2026 (UTC)</small> == KryptonSuperDog23 - 5 June 2026 == *{{checkuser|YahYahoo}} - new account *{{checkuser|BeReconciled BeReconciled Mary reconciles one to Jesus}} - previous account *{{checkuser|Pranav Elvish666}} - previous account Recreated [[Michael Ben-Ari]] which has been created several times previously by prior KSD socks [https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Michael+Ben-Ari]. [[User:Ravensfire|Ravensfire]] ([[User talk:Ravensfire|talk]]) 04:06, 6 June 2026 (UTC) :{{confirmed}}. Blocked and locked the accounts. I did some clean-up. -[[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:49, 6 June 2026 (UTC) :<small>This section was archived on a request by: [[User:Barras|<span style="color:blue; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''Barras'''</span>]] [[User Talk:Barras|<span style="color:red; font-family:Bookman Old Style">'''talk'''</span>]] 11:49, 6 June 2026 (UTC)</small> em0szd4eqr4fu9dmal2lnqy9j4v41kz 4 1270857 10882879 2026-06-10T03:18:36Z Garsh2 1475106 Creating deletion discussion page for [[Birba]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882879 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Birba === :{{lc|Birba}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba}} open RfD subpage]</span> Garsh2 ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to be a non-notable car manufacturer. The secondary sources in the article read like promotional pieces or press releases. I was unable to find any other sources that help this meet the [[WP:GNG]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:18, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''03:18, 17 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> pm5e3h3o0fgjtploap1os6e8j8qayvj 10882921 10882879 2026-06-10T04:19:53Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Birba */ Reply 10882921 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Birba === :{{lc|Birba}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba}} open RfD subpage]</span> Garsh2 ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to be a non-notable car manufacturer. The secondary sources in the article read like promotional pieces or press releases. I was unable to find any other sources that help this meet the [[WP:GNG]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:18, 10 June 2026 (UTC) :i kinda support this decision i think it should be redirected to [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] honestly it dosent even has page in other language wikipedias and yes i tried to find sources but i could'nt so i support the deletion. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 04:19, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''03:18, 17 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> h5go9xajn25mevh0k9bra0wq1xd13es 10882922 10882921 2026-06-10T04:20:37Z ~2026-31265-91 1810417 /* Birba */ 10882922 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- ATTENTION CLOSING ADMINISTRATOR --> <noinclude>{{in progress}}</noinclude> <!-- Please change it to either {{deleted|optional reason}} or {{kept|optional reason}}. The archival templates {{subst:archive top}} and {{subst:archive bottom}} are placed at the top and bottom respectively.--> === Birba === :{{lc|Birba}} &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba|action=edit}} close request]</span> &middot; <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2026/Birba}} open RfD subpage]</span> Garsh2 ''has nominated this page for deletion for the reason:'' Appears to be a non-notable car manufacturer. The secondary sources in the article read like promotional pieces or press releases. I was unable to find any other sources that help this meet the [[WP:GNG]] [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:18, 10 June 2026 (UTC) :i kinda support this decision i think it should be redirected to [[DR Automobiles Groupe]] honestly since it dosen't even has its own page in other language wikis and yes i tried to find sources but i couldnt so i support the deletion. [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31265-91|&#126;2026-31265-91]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-31265-91|talk]]) 04:19, 10 June 2026 (UTC) ''Please discuss this request below, but keep in mind that [[:m:Polls are evil|you shouldn't vote on everything]] and that there may be options other than "keep" or "delete", such as merging.'' ====Discussion==== <!--Please add any discussion above this comment.--> This request is due to close on '''03:18, 17 June 2026 (UTC)''', seven days after it was filed, although it may be closed earlier at the discretion of an administrator.<br /><br /> f8iqhnrm12zgtfpja7au17fzcn02xha 3 1270859 10882886 2026-06-10T03:22:49Z Garsh2 1475106 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[King von dead]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882886 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of King von dead== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:King von dead]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:King von dead}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:22, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 71mzwgc24imhutaspmfiozwa8bhxvnj 10883086 10882886 2026-06-10T11:09:06Z FusionSub 1248114 General note: Creating inappropriate pages on [[King von dead]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10883086 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of King von dead== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:King von dead]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:King von dead}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#a1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:22, 10 June 2026 (UTC) == June 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made, [[:King von dead]], did not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it has been [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> - [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 11:09, 10 June 2026 (UTC) j1xvnve1nfj8rzh5gkjb2s2blpfw4pb 0 1270860 10882889 2026-06-10T03:26:16Z Rioooooooo9 1684857 Created page with "{{Infobox station | name = Malvern | type = [[Public Transport Victoria|PTV]] [[commuter rail]] station | style = Melbourne | image = Malvern railway station Platform 3 (north-east view)(1 February 2025).jpg | image_caption = North-west bound view from Platform 3, February 2025 | address = Station Street, | borough = [[Malvern, Victoria]] 3144 [[City of Stonnington]] | country = A..." 10882889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = Malvern | type = [[Public Transport Victoria|PTV]] [[commuter rail]] station | style = Melbourne | image = Malvern railway station Platform 3 (north-east view)(1 February 2025).jpg | image_caption = North-west bound view from Platform 3, February 2025 | address = Station Street, | borough = [[Malvern, Victoria]] 3144 [[City of Stonnington]] | country = Australia | coordinates = {{coord|-37.8664|145.0290|format=dms|type:railwaystation_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}} | distance = 10.11 kilometres from<br />[[Southern Cross railway station|Southern Cross]] | line = {{plainlist| *{{rcb|Melbourne|Cranbourne|croute}} {{rcb|Melbourne|Pakenham|croute}} *{{rcb|Melbourne|Frankston|croute}} }} | other = {{rint|Melbourne|tram}} Tram | structure = Lowered | platform = 4 (2 [[side platform|side]], 1 [[island platform|island]]) | depth = | levels = | tracks = 4 | parking = | bicycle = | opened = {{start date and age|1879|5|7|df=y}} | closed = | rebuilt = 1914 | electrified = March 1922 (1500 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[Overhead line|overhead]]) | code = MAL | owned = [[VicTrack]] | operator = [[Metro Trains Melbourne|Metro Trains]] | zone = [[Myki]] Zone 1 | status = Operational, [[Railways in Melbourne#Host stations and premium stations|host station]] | former = | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_system = | mpassengers = {{Rail pass box|passengers = 953,261<ref name="patronage2021-2022">[https://discover.data.vic.gov.au/dataset/annual-metropolitan-train-station-patronage-station-entries Annual metropolitan train station patronage (station entries)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306190204/https://discover.data.vic.gov.au//dataset/annual-metropolitan-train-station-patronage-station-entries |date=6 March 2023 }} Data Vic</ref>|pass_year = 2017–2018}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 832,800<ref name="patronage2021-2022"/>|pass_year = 2018–2019|pass_percent = -12.63}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 586,650<ref name="patronage2021-2022"/>|pass_year = 2019–2020|pass_percent = -29.55}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 340,300<ref name="patronage2021-2022"/>|pass_year = 2020–2021|pass_percent = -41.99}} {{Rail pass box|passengers = 371,100<ref name="patronage2021-2022"/>|pass_year = 2021–2022|pass_percent = 9.05}} | services = {{Adjacent stations |system1=Melbourne |line2=Cranbourne|left2=Anzac|right2=Caulfield|to-right2=Cranbourne or East Pakenham |line3=Pakenham|left3=Anzac|right3=Caulfield|to-right3=Cranbourne or East Pakenham |line4=Frankston|left4=Armadale|right4=Caulfield|to-right4=Frankston |line5=Frankston|left5=South Yarra|note-left5=Citybound only|right5=Caulfield|oneway-right5=yes|type5=Express services }} | services_collapsible = no | route_map = {{Routemap |inline=1 |legend=track |map= STR!~MFADEg\STR!~MFADEg\STR!~MFADEg\STR!~MFADEg~~ ~~ ~~to {{stl|Melbourne|Armadale}} STRg\STRf\STRg\STRf PSTR(R)!~*1__align=l\PSTR(L)!~*2__align=r\PSTR(R)\PSTR(L)!~*4__align=r PSTR(R)\PSTR(L)\PSTR(R)!~*3__align=l\PSTR(L) STR\STR\STR\STR hSTRae(r)\STR\STR\hSTRae(l) STRg\STRf\STRg\STRf hSTRae(r)\STR\STR\hSTRae(l) STR!~MFADEf\STR!~MFADEf\STR!~MFADEf\STR!~MFADEf~~ ~~ ~~to {{stl|Melbourne|Caulfield}} }} | map_state = expanded }} '''Malvern''' is a train [[Train station|station]] on the [[Frankston railway line|Frankston]], [[Pakenham line|Pakenham]] and [[Cranbourne line|Cranbourne]] lines. This station and the three lines are part of the [[Railways in Melbourne|Melbourne rail network]]. It serves [[Malvern, Victoria|Malvern]]. Malvern is a suburb of [[Melbourne]] in [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], Australia. Malvern railway station is on Glenferrie Road and Dandenong Road. The station is near the Glenferrie Road shops and Malvern Central Shopping Centre. Malvern station is also near some apartments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Location & Parking – Malvern Central Shopping Centre Melbourne|url=https://www.malverncentralshopping.com.au/centre-info/location-parking|access-date=10 August 2023|website=www.malverncentralshopping.com.au|archive-date=10 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810074208/https://www.malverncentralshopping.com.au/centre-info/location-parking|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2020 |title=Malvern Collective – Kokoda Property |url=https://www.kokodaproperty.com.au/residence/malvern-collective/ |access-date=10 August 2023 |website=www.kokodaproperty.com.au |language=en-US |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302013344/https://www.kokodaproperty.com.au/residence/malvern-collective/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is controlled by [[Metro Trains Melbourne|Metro Trains]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Malvern |url=https://www.metrotrains.com.au/stations/malvern/ |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=www.metrotrains.com.au |language=en-US |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221114801/https://www.metrotrains.com.au/stations/malvern/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and the station design is almost the same as and [[Caulfield railway station|Caulfield station]] [[Down train|down]] towards the [[Dandenong railway station|Dandenong]] direction or [[Frankston railway station|Frankston]] direction.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> The journey from here to [[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street station]] is {{convert|8.5|km|abbr=on}} long. This journey is also 15 minutes.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Public Transport Victoria |title=Malvern Station |url=https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/stop/1118/malvern-station/0/train/#StopPage:::datetime=2023-08-04T03%3A14%3A43.380Z&directionId=-1&showAllDay=false&_auth=97824b4a9ca26d2b2a31efd6e069ae734862c78aa2b210c873624afb84d78afc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804031602/https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/stop/1118/malvern-station/0/train/#StopPage:::datetime=2023-08-04T03%3A14%3A43.380Z&directionId=-1&showAllDay=false&_auth=97824b4a9ca26d2b2a31efd6e069ae734862c78aa2b210c873624afb84d78afc |archive-date=4 August 2023 |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=Public Transport Victoria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Trains to Town Hall using the Metro Tunnel are faster, which takes about 12 minutes. ==History== Malvern station first opened on 7 May 1879.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 1879 |title=OPENING OF THE MELBOURNE TO OAKLEIGH RAILWAY. |work=Leader |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article198005050 |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811215913/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/198005050 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 April 1879 |title=OPENING OF THE MELBOURNE TO OAKLEIGH RAILWAY. |work=Illustrated Australian News |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60095828 |access-date=7 August 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811215922/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/60095828 |url-status=live }}</ref> The station and suburb's name came from an estate near here which was named after the [[Malvern Hills]] in [[Herefordshire]], England.<ref name="VictorianPlacesMalvern">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Malvern |url=https://www.victorianplaces.com.au/malvern |url-status=live |website=Victorian Places |access-date=30 January 2022 |archive-date=30 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130062231/https://www.victorianplaces.com.au/malvern }}</ref> The current station now was built in 1914.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Victorian Heritage Database |title=MALVERN RAILWAY STATION |url=https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/682 |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804110900/https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/682 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1922, the line was [[Railway electrification system|electrified]] with overhead wires. The station went through some upgrades with new canopies built on Platform 1 in 2010. High Capacity Metro Trains, the trains on the Pakenham and Cranbourne lines were allowed stop at platforms 3 and 4.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Office of Head Network Safety |date=21 September 2021 |title=Weekly Operational Notice No. 38/2021 |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a39887bb07869e39f6a45e0/t/614bdce578cb930a75162970/1632361709176/WON+38-2021.pdf |page=8 |access-date=18 April 2023 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418110317/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a39887bb07869e39f6a45e0/t/614bdce578cb930a75162970/1632361709176/WON+38-2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> == Platforms == This station has one [[island platform]] in the middle and two side platforms on the outside. The four platforms are 160 metres (524.93 ft) long. This is enough for a Metro Trains 7-car [[High Capacity Metro Trains|High Capacity Metro Train]] (HCMT). The station has a [[footbridge]]. The footbridge is entered from the centre of the platforms by a steep ramp.<ref name=":02" /> The station has two, very important, red brick station buildings. The Frankston line runs from [[Frankston railway station|Frankston]]. It joins the Cranbourne and Pakenham lines one stop ahead at Caulfield station before continuing to the [[City Loop]] using [[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street station]].<ref name=":7">{{cite PTV route|Frankston|mode=train}}</ref> The Pakenham and Cranbourne lines run to [[Cranbourne railway station|Cranbourne]] or [[East Pakenham railway station|East Pakenham]] using the [[Metro Tunnel]] before becoming the [[Sunbury line]] and going to [[Sunbury railway station, Melbourne|Sunbury]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Victoria’s Big Build |date=28 November 2022 |title=About the Metro Tunnel Project |url=https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/metro-tunnel/about |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=Victoria’s Big Build |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174018/https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/metro-tunnel/about |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left" ! colspan="7" style="background:#{{rcr|Melbourne}};background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #{{rcr|Melbourne|Pakenham}}, #{{rcr|Melbourne|Frankston}}); " |<span style="color:white;">Malvern platform arrangement</span> |- !Platform !Line !Where to? !Using !Service Type !Notes !Source |- |'''1''' |{{RouteBox|Frankston line|Frankston line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Frankston}}|white}} |[[Flinders Street railway station|Flinders Street]] |[[City Loop]] | colspan="2" |Trains stop at all stations. |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Frankston Line |url=https://transport.vic.gov.au/route/timetable/,-w-, |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Transport Victoria |language=en}}</ref> |- |'''2''' |{{RouteBox|Frankston line|Frankston line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Frankston}}|white}} | colspan="2" |[[Cheltenham railway station, Melbourne|Cheltenham]], [[Carrum railway station|Carrum]] ,[[Frankston railway station|Frankston]] | colspan="2" |Trains stop at all stations. Services to Cheltenham and Carrum only operate during weekday peaks. |<ref name=":0" /> |- |'''3''' |{{RouteBox|Cranbourne line|Cranbourne line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Cranbourne}}|white}}<br>{{RouteBox|Pakenham line|Pakenham line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Pakenham}}|white}} |[[Sunbury railway station, Melbourne|Sunbury]], [[Watergardens railway station|Watergardens]], [[West Footscray railway station|West Footscray]] |[[Town Hall railway station, Melbourne|Town Hall]] | colspan="2" |Limited express: The next 3 stations from Armadale to Hawksburn are skipped. |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Cranbourne Line |url=https://transport.vic.gov.au/route/timetable/,-w-, |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Transport Victoria |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Pakenham Line |url=https://transport.vic.gov.au/route/timetable/,-w-, |access-date=2026-05-20 |website=Transport Victoria |language=en}}</ref> |- |'''4''' |{{RouteBox|Cranbourne line|Cranbourne line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Cranbourne}}|white}}<br>{{RouteBox|Pakenham line|Pakenham line|#{{rcr|Melbourne|Pakenham}}|white}} | colspan="2" |[[East Pakenham railway station|East Pakenham]], [[Cranbourne railway station|Cranbourne]], [[Westall railway station|Westall]] | colspan="2" |All stations trains. |<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> |} ==Nearby Transport== Three tram routes that stop here: [[Melbourne tram route 5|Route 5]] goes to Melbourne University and Malvern. [[Melbourne tram route 16|Route 16]] tram services travels to Melbourne University and [[Down train|down]] towards Kew. [[Melbourne tram route 64|Route 64]] tram service goes towards Melbourne University and towards [[Brighton East, Victoria|East Brighton]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[https://www.ptv.vic.gov.au/stop/1118/malvern-station/0/train/#StopPage:::datetime=2022-12-21T11%3A12%3A36.113Z&directionId=-1&showAllDay=false&_auth=568691c624752ebb3a8b4bf9d51f1fa11fb59402dc144fde6a9412212751a37d Public Transport Victoria] *{{commons category-inline|Malvern railway station, Melbourne}} {{Public Transport Victoria railway stations|Cranbourne=y|Frankston=y|Pakenham=y|state=collapsed}} [[Category:Heritage-listed buildings in Melbourne]] [[Category:Listed railway stations in Australia]] [[Category:Railway stations in Australia opened in 1879]] [[Category:Railway stations in the City of Stonnington]] ibnfxu4m3jaav3gersi0li8bawnyecs 0 1270862 10882895 2026-06-10T03:33:05Z ~2026-33999-46 1819452 Created page with "'''Sir Muhammad Zafarulla Khan''' [[:en:Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India|KCSI]], born 6th of February 1893, was a Pakistani independence [[:en:List_of_Pakistan_Movement_activists|activist]], diplomat, first Minister for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan and jurist." 10882895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Muhammad Zafarulla Khan''' [[:en:Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_India|KCSI]], born 6th of February 1893, was a Pakistani independence [[:en:List_of_Pakistan_Movement_activists|activist]], diplomat, first Minister for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan and jurist. 4untruc1b9kir9jn7gz3bcj9qutm89j 3 1270863 10882897 2026-06-10T03:35:13Z Garsh2 1475106 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Marilyn Monroe]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882897 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Marilyn Monroe]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:35, 10 June 2026 (UTC) qvmvmklmerjefl2bt5hgx4a6hf01fn6 3 1270864 10882904 2026-06-10T03:43:04Z Garsh2 1475106 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Renmar 'Cañete]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882904 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Renmar 'Cañete== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Renmar 'Cañete]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Renmar 'Cañete}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g5|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Garsh2|Garsh ]] ([[User talk:Garsh2|talk]]) 03:43, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 2rinmikqbish4qlwhbyfxup0faeny2c 0 1270865 10882923 2026-06-10T04:24:12Z Garsh2 1475106 Created page, simplified from enwiki [[:en:Symphony No. 14 (Mozart)]] 10882923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical composition | name = Symphony No. 14 | composer = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|W. A. Mozart]] | image = Portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 13 in Verona, 1770.jpg | image_upright = | caption = 1770 Verona portrait of Mozart | key = [[A major]] | catalogue = [[Köchel catalogue|K]]. 114 | composed = Salzburg, 1771 | duration = {{circa}} 15 minutes | movements = 4 | scoring = Orchestra with continuo | misc = }} '''Symphony No. 14''' in [[A major]], [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 114, is a [[symphony]] written in 1771 by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]].<ref>[[Neal Zaslaw]] & William Cowdery, ''The Complete Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart''. New York: W. W. Norton (1990): 178</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mozart: The Early Years 1756–1781|last1=Sadie|first1=Stanley|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198165293|page=255|author-link=Stanley Sadie}}</ref> ==Music== The symphony is written for two [[Flute|flutes]], two [[oboe]]s, two [[Natural horn|horn]]s, [[string section|strings]], and [[basso continuo]]. The work is in four parts, also called [[movement (music)|movements]]:{{Ordered list|[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Allegro]] moderato, A major, {{music|time|2|2}}|Andante, [[D major]], {{music|time|3|4}}|[[Minuet|Menuetto]] – Trio, A major, {{music|time|3|4}} (Trio in [[A minor]])|Molto allegro, A major, {{music|time|2|4}}|type=upper-roman}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.13 in F major, K.112 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Symphony No. 13}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|14]] [[Category:1770s compositions]] [[Category:Compositions in A major]] o0ec7bxoiv50nfxmvt01m2kbuk6kl8b 10882925 10882923 2026-06-10T04:25:25Z Garsh2 1475106 IMSLP correction 10882925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical composition | name = Symphony No. 14 | composer = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|W. A. Mozart]] | image = Portrait of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 13 in Verona, 1770.jpg | image_upright = | caption = 1770 Verona portrait of Mozart | key = [[A major]] | catalogue = [[Köchel catalogue|K]]. 114 | composed = Salzburg, 1771 | duration = {{circa}} 15 minutes | movements = 4 | scoring = Orchestra with continuo | misc = }} '''Symphony No. 14''' in [[A major]], [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 114, is a [[symphony]] written in 1771 by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]].<ref>[[Neal Zaslaw]] & William Cowdery, ''The Complete Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart''. New York: W. W. Norton (1990): 178</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Mozart: The Early Years 1756–1781|last1=Sadie|first1=Stanley|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198165293|page=255|author-link=Stanley Sadie}}</ref> ==Music== The symphony is written for two [[Flute|flutes]], two [[oboe]]s, two [[Natural horn|horn]]s, [[string section|strings]], and [[basso continuo]]. The work is in four parts, also called [[movement (music)|movements]]:{{Ordered list|[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Allegro]] moderato, A major, {{music|time|2|2}}|Andante, [[D major]], {{music|time|3|4}}|[[Minuet|Menuetto]] – Trio, A major, {{music|time|3|4}} (Trio in [[A minor]])|Molto allegro, A major, {{music|time|2|4}}|type=upper-roman}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.14 in A major, K.114 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Symphony No. 14}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|14]] [[Category:1770s compositions]] [[Category:Compositions in A major]] 8niyd8vel1tkglw8du2ou1db83qmph7 0 1270866 10882930 2026-06-10T04:32:29Z Garsh2 1475106 Created page, simplified from enwiki [[:en:Symphony No. 15 (Mozart)]] 10882930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical composition | name = Symphony No. 15 | composer = [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|W. A. Mozart]] | image = Mozart by Martin Knoller 1773.jpg | image_upright = | caption = Mozart in 1773, painted by [[Martin Knoller]] | key = [[G major]] | catalogue = [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 124 | composed = Salzburg, January/February 1772 | dedication = | duration = {{circa}} 15 minutes | movements = 4 | scoring = Orchestra }} '''Symphony No. 15''' in [[G major]], [[Köchel catalogue|K.]] 124, is a [[symphony]] written in 1772 by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]].<ref name="Zaslaw219">[[:en:Neal_Zaslaw|Zaslaw, Neal]]:''Mozart's Symphonies: Context, Performance Practice, Reception'' Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991 {{ISBN|0-19-816286-3}}, p. 219–222</ref><ref>[[:en:Nicholas_Kenyon|Kenyon, Nicholas]]: ''The Pegasus Pocket Guide to Mozart'' Pegasus Books, New York 2006 {{ISBN|1-933648-23-6}} p. 156</ref> ==Music== The symphony is written for two [[oboe]]s, two [[Natural horn|horn]]s, and [[string section|strings]].<ref name="Zaslaw219" /> The work is in four parts, also called [[movement (music)|movements]]:{{Ordered list|[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Allegro]], {{music|time|3|4}}|[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Andante]], [[C major]], {{music|time|2|4}}|[[Minuet|Menuetto and Trio]], trio in [[D major]], {{music|time|3|4}}|[[Tempo#Italian tempo markings|Presto]], {{music|time|2|4}}|type=upper-roman}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Other websites== *{{IMSLP|work=Symphony No.15 in G major, K.124 (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)|cname=Symphony No. 15}} {{music-stub}} [[Category:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|15]] [[Category:1770s compositions]] [[Category:Compositions in G major]] 4z26iiq3p2ef52jhaxb6iwepnmklpki 3 1270867 10882939 2026-06-10T05:01:39Z Divinations 1530422 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Markiplier]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882939 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Markiplier]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. 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([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10883084 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g3|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 06:35, 10 June 2026 (UTC) == June 2026 == [[File:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to Wikipedia. A page you made, [[:2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami]], did not meet our [[Wikipedia:Rules|rules]] for new pages, so it has been [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy|removed]]. Please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]] for any tests. You may also want to read our [[Wikipedia:Introduction|introduction page]] to learn more about changing. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-create1 --> - [[User:FusionSub|<span style="color: #0C6508">FusionSub</span>]] ([[User_talk:FusionSub|Talk page]]) ([[Special:Contributions/FusionSub|Contributions]]) 11:08, 10 June 2026 (UTC) gfons3y8v07kzh6znkx0o9zx98fksfx 3 1270871 10882964 2026-06-10T06:37:37Z Divinations 1530422 Notification: quick deletion nomination of [[Talk:Kurama (Naruto)]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882964 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Quick deletion of Talk:Kurama (Naruto)== [[Image:Ambox warning pn.svg|left|25px]] The page you wrote, [[:Talk:Kurama (Naruto)]], has been marked for [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Quick deletion|quick deletion]]. If you think this page should be kept, please add {{tl|wait}} below the line {{tl|QD}} and say why on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME:Talk:Kurama (Naruto)}}|talk page]]. If the page is already gone, but you think this was a mistake, you can ask for it to be [[WP:Deletion review|undeleted]]. You can read more about the reason [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#g1|here]].<!--Template:QD-notice end--> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 06:37, 10 June 2026 (UTC) expovgyanx14xcdvfrsl4jb4wy6c2w8 3 1270872 10882965 2026-06-10T06:39:03Z Divinations 1530422 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Sámi]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882965 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Sámi]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 06:39, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 5pdbl7x1aiqbsqaus4e6f245bga3z1w 3 1270873 10882968 2026-06-10T06:45:06Z Divinations 1530422 General note: Unhelpful changes. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882968 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]] did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 06:45, 10 June 2026 (UTC) e8hfpq0m7j1sh3xbf2l08jxqwa8obob 3 1270874 10882969 2026-06-10T06:46:04Z Divinations 1530422 General note: Unhelpful changes on [[Talk:QR Code]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 10882969 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Talk:QR Code]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 06:46, 10 June 2026 (UTC) bdwna2gjeyu4ytgorlot2am2en535vs 10882970 10882969 2026-06-10T06:46:38Z Divinations 1530422 /* June 2026 */ 10882970 wikitext text/x-wiki == June 2026 == [[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Welcome to [[Wikipedia:About|Wikipedia]]. Everyone is welcome to make helpful changes to Wikipedia. However, some of [[Special:Contribs/{{ROOTPAGENAME}}|your changes]], like those to "[[:Talk:QR code]]", did not seem to be helpful and have been [[Help:Reverting|reverted]] or removed. If you want to try out changing Wikipedia to learn more about how it works, please use the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|sandbox]]. Thank you.<!-- Template:Uw-vandalism1 --> [[User:Divinations|Divinations]] ([[User talk:Divinations|talk]]) 06:46, 10 June 2026 (UTC) 0q3je9ioy7xjldefum7swiw1u09ygws 0 1270875 10882983 2026-06-10T07:10:53Z ~2026-34024-38 1819500 Created page with " = Giorgian de Arrascaeta = '''Giorgian Daniel de Arrascaeta Benedetti''' (born 1 June 1994) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Flamengo and the Uruguay national team. Widely regarded as one of the finest South American playmakers of his generation, he is known for his vision, creativity, dribbling, passing ability, and goalscoring contributions. He has spent the majority of his professional career in Brazil, where he has beco..." 10882983 wikitext text/x-wiki = Giorgian de Arrascaeta = '''Giorgian Daniel de Arrascaeta Benedetti''' (born 1 June 1994) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Flamengo and the Uruguay national team. Widely regarded as one of the finest South American playmakers of his generation, he is known for his vision, creativity, dribbling, passing ability, and goalscoring contributions. He has spent the majority of his professional career in Brazil, where he has become one of the most successful foreign players in the history of Brazilian football. == Early Life == Arrascaeta was born in Nuevo Berlín, Río Negro Department, Uruguay, on 1 June 1994. He is of Basque and Italian descent and developed his footballing abilities at a young age before joining the youth academy of Defensor Sporting in 2007. His technical ability and creativity quickly distinguished him from other prospects in Uruguay. == Club Career == === Defensor Sporting === Arrascaeta progressed through Defensor Sporting's youth system and made his professional debut in October 2012 at the age of 18. During his time at the club, he established himself as one of Uruguay's brightest young talents and helped Defensor Sporting win the 2013 Clausura championship. === Cruzeiro === In January 2015, Arrascaeta signed for Brazilian club Cruzeiro. The move marked the beginning of his rise to continental prominence. Over four seasons, he became one of the most influential attacking midfielders in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. At Cruzeiro, Arrascaeta won two consecutive Copa do Brasil titles in 2017 and 2018. He was regularly praised for his ability to create chances, score spectacular goals, and perform in decisive matches. By the end of 2018, he was regarded as one of the best players in Brazilian football. === Flamengo === On 12 January 2019, Arrascaeta completed a transfer to Flamengo for approximately €18 million, becoming one of the most expensive signings in Brazilian football history at the time. He made his debut later that month and scored his first goal for the club on 3 February 2019. ==== 2019: Historic Season ==== Arrascaeta played a vital role in Flamengo's historic 2019 campaign under coach Jorge Jesus. The club won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and the Copa Libertadores, completing one of the greatest seasons in its history. Arrascaeta contributed numerous goals and assists and became a key figure in Flamengo's attacking system. ==== Continued Success ==== Throughout the 2020s, Arrascaeta remained one of Flamengo's most important players. He helped the club win multiple Campeonato Carioca titles, Copa do Brasil trophies, and Copa Libertadores championships. In 2024 he was named the best player of the Campeonato Carioca after leading Flamengo to another state title. Later that year, Flamengo announced that he would inherit the club's iconic number 10 shirt beginning in 2025. In 2025, Arrascaeta enjoyed one of the finest seasons of his career and was awarded the prestigious Rei da América award, recognizing him as the best footballer playing in the Americas. == International Career == === Youth Level === Arrascaeta represented Uruguay at under-20 level between 2012 and 2013, earning 23 caps and scoring four goals. === Senior Team === He made his debut for the Uruguay national team on 8 September 2014 against South Korea. Since then, he has become a regular member of the national squad. Arrascaeta has represented Uruguay at the Copa América and FIFA World Cup on multiple occasions and has become one of the country's most important creative players of the modern era. == Style of Play == Arrascaeta is primarily an attacking midfielder but is also capable of playing as a winger or second striker. He is known for his vision, creativity, long-range shooting, set-piece delivery, dribbling ability, technical skill, and football intelligence. His playing style has often been compared to traditional South American number 10 playmakers due to his emphasis on creativity and flair. == Personal Life == Arrascaeta is married and is known for maintaining a relatively private life away from football. He has frequently expressed his appreciation for his family and his Uruguayan roots. == Honours == === Defensor Sporting === * Uruguayan Primera División Clausura: 2013 === Cruzeiro === * Copa do Brasil: 2017, 2018 * Campeonato Mineiro: 2018 === Flamengo === * Copa Libertadores: 2019, 2022, 2025 * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2019, 2020, 2025 * Copa do Brasil: 2022, 2024 * Recopa Sudamericana: 2020 * Supercopa do Brasil: 2020, 2021, 2025 * Campeonato Carioca: Multiple titles == Legacy == Arrascaeta is widely considered one of the greatest foreign players in Brazilian football history and one of Flamengo's greatest midfielders. His combination of creativity, consistency, and success has made him an icon for Flamengo supporters and one of the most influential Uruguayan footballers of the 21st century. 7yk8r0ct9bm051ld3dvmb2pers589hp 0 1270876 10883008 2026-06-10T09:17:42Z David J COWDERY 1801201 Created page with "In 1970 state of the art implantable cardiac pacemakers worldwide were powered by zinc/mercuric oxide batteries previously used in World War 2 for portable two way radios. To protect the batteries and electronic components from body fluids the devices were encapsulated in the recently developed wonder material from Dupont called epoxy resin. This resulted in an implant that usually survived 12-18 months in the body before failure due to body fluid ingress. Unfortunately..." 10883008 wikitext text/x-wiki In 1970 state of the art implantable cardiac pacemakers worldwide were powered by zinc/mercuric oxide batteries previously used in World War 2 for portable two way radios. To protect the batteries and electronic components from body fluids the devices were encapsulated in the recently developed wonder material from Dupont called epoxy resin. This resulted in an implant that usually survived 12-18 months in the body before failure due to body fluid ingress. Unfortunately the body fluid ingress caused unpredictable failure modes such as slowing the pacing rate or speeding up the pacing rate or cessation of output. Any of these failure modes were potentially harmful or even lethal. What was not understood at the time was that the adhesive bonds between the enclosing epoxy resin and the internal components of the devices were degraded by the surrounding body fluids. in 1970 David Cowdery was hired by a small pacemaker manufacturer in Sydney Australia. David had a Science Degree and a first class Honours Degree in Electrical Engineering from Sydney University. In 1970 there was no such speciality as Bio-Medical Engineering so conventional Engineers just had to cope with the new medical challenges without any real backup. David had several years of experience in the specialised field of welding research and development including experience at the British Welding Research Association in Cambridge England and the British Oxygen Company Laboratories in London. His employer (Telectronics Pty Ltd) set him the task on his own of solving the reliability problem. David chose a set of fully biocompatible materials comprising a welded titanium capsule and an alumina ceramic insulated signal feed through brazed with a high titanium active wetting alloy.This resulted in a non corroding hermetically sealed environment for the internal components which had four major benefits. 1/. The implantable pacemaker became free of unpredictable and dangerous failure modes for its total life. 2/. The lifetime of the implant was now extended and limited solely by the battery lifetime. 3/. The implant could now signal approaching end of life by a predicable slow reduction in pacing rate. 4/. The later invention of lithium batteries greatly extended implant lifetime which would not have been possible without the hermetic encapsulation. This was a world first and arguably the most significant advance in the history of implantable pacemakers.. This invention was for reasons unknown not patented by the company and over the next four years was copied by every other pacemaker manufacture on the planet. The same materials have been used by all other pacemakers up to the present day in a multi billion dollar industry. The expertise, materials and processes used to manufacture cardiac pacemakers also served to facilitate the creation of the first Cochlear implant in Australia in the mid eighties. The history and significance of this invention has been described in detail in the landmark book "Alumina Ceramics Biomedical and Clinical Applications" by Professor Andrew Ruys of Sydney University Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Pub Elsevier (ISBN 978-0-08-102442-3) print and (ISBN 978-0-08-102443-0) online. See also Innovative Bioceramics in Translational Medicine 1 Springer Vol 17 (ISBN 978-981-16-7434-1) print and (ISBN 978-981-16-7435-8)online ducjrwx0wvo856mcjrd7xmsgapuc8kr 10883014 10883008 2026-06-10T09:25:03Z David J COWDERY 1801201 corrected two spellin errors 10883014 wikitext text/x-wiki In 1970 state of the art implantable cardiac pacemakers worldwide were powered by zinc/mercuric oxide batteries previously used in World War 2 for portable two way radios. To protect the batteries and electronic components from body fluids the devices were encapsulated in the recently developed wonder material from Dupont called epoxy resin. This resulted in an implant that usually survived 12-18 months in the body before failure due to body fluid ingress. Unfortunately the body fluid ingress caused unpredictable failure modes such as slowing the pacing rate or speeding up the pacing rate or cessation of output. Any of these failure modes were potentially harmful or even lethal. What was not understood at the time was that the adhesive bonds between the enclosing epoxy resin and the internal components of the devices were degraded by the surrounding body fluids.In 1970 David Cowdery was hired by a small pacemaker manufacturer in Sydney Australia. David had a Science Degree and a first class Honours Degree in Electrical Engineering from Sydney University. In 1970 there was no such speciality as Bio-Medical Engineering so conventional Engineers just had to cope with the new medical challenges without any real backup. David had several years of experience in the specialised field of welding research and development including experience at the British Welding Research Association in Cambridge England and the British Oxygen Company Laboratories in London. His employer (Telectronics Pty Ltd) set him the task on his own of solving the reliability problem. David chose a set of fully biocompatible materials comprising a welded titanium capsule and an alumina ceramic insulated signal feed through brazed with a high titanium active wetting alloy.This resulted in a non corroding hermetically sealed environment for the internal components which had four major benefits. 1/. The implantable pacemaker became free of unpredictable and dangerous failure modes for its total life. 2/. The lifetime of the implant was now extended and limited solely by the battery lifetime. 3/. The implant could now signal approaching end of life by a predictable slow reduction in pacing rate. 4/. The later invention of lithium batteries greatly extended implant lifetime which would not have been possible without the hermetic encapsulation. This was a world first and arguably the most significant advance in the history of implantable pacemakers.. This invention was for reasons unknown not patented by the company and over the next four years was copied by every other pacemaker manufacture on the planet. The same materials have been used by all other pacemakers up to the present day in a multi billion dollar industry. The expertise, materials and processes used to manufacture cardiac pacemakers also served to facilitate the creation of the first Cochlear implant in Australia in the mid eighties. The history and significance of this invention has been described in detail in the landmark book "Alumina Ceramics Biomedical and Clinical Applications" by Professor Andrew Ruys of Sydney University Faculty of Biomedical Engineering. Pub Elsevier (ISBN 978-0-08-102442-3) print and (ISBN 978-0-08-102443-0) online. See also Innovative Bioceramics in Translational Medicine 1 Springer Vol 17 (ISBN 978-981-16-7434-1) print and (ISBN 978-981-16-7435-8)online jecr8yhkv2sk533nczkkgqnjsm7u7b5 0 1270878 10883049 2026-06-10T10:15:05Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 Created page with "Opel Grandland (or X in the first generation) is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Opel]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2024]], represents Opel's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Citroën C5 Aircross#Firts generation|Citroën C5 Aircross]] and the [[Peugeot 3008]]. In [[2021]] there was a major restyling: the name Grandland lost the X, the front, now more closed, has a sportier shape, inside, a new [..." 10883049 wikitext text/x-wiki Opel Grandland (or X in the first generation) is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Opel]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2024]], represents Opel's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Citroën C5 Aircross#Firts generation|Citroën C5 Aircross]] and the [[Peugeot 3008]]. In [[2021]] there was a major restyling: the name Grandland lost the X, the front, now more closed, has a sportier shape, inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Opel Grandland X IMG 0382.jpg|Front File:Opel Grandland X IMG 0383.jpg|Rear File:Opel Grandland X Cockpit.JPG|Interior File:Opel Grandland PHEV 1X7A0396.jpg|Restyling (front) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5913.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:2023 Vauxhall Grandland Ultimate Turbo facelift 1.2 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (front) File:2023 Vauxhall Grandland Ultimate Turbo facelift 1.2 Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (rear) File:2018 Vauxhall Grandland X Interior.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (interior) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0050.jpg|Grandland Hybrid (front) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0329.jpg|Grandland Hybrid (rear) </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, produced from 2024, introduced a sportier design and is derived from the same models.<gallery> File:Opel Grandland B DSC 8689.jpg|Front File:Opel Grandland B DSC 8322.jpg|Rear File:Opel Grandland B MHEV Auto Zuerich 2024 DSC 6705.jpg|Interior File:2024 Vauxhall Grandland GS EV - 73kWh (213PS) Electric - Impact Copper - 02-2025, Front.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (front) File:2024 Vauxhall Grandland GS EV - 73kWh (213PS) Electric - Impact Copper - 02-2025, Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Opel Grandland}} f06ze7o0bf3zfmdm3qdq50lawk9grhp 10883060 10883049 2026-06-10T10:23:39Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 Images 10883060 wikitext text/x-wiki Opel Grandland (or X in the first generation) is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Opel]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2024]], represents Opel's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Citroën C5 Aircross#Firts generation|Citroën C5 Aircross]] and the [[Peugeot 3008]]. In [[2021]] there was a major restyling: the name Grandland lost the X, the front, now more closed, has a sportier shape, inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Opel Grandland X IMG 0382.jpg|Front File:Opel Grandland X IMG 0383.jpg|Rear File:Opel Grandland X Cockpit.JPG|Interior File:Opel Grandland PHEV 1X7A0396.jpg|Restyling (front) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5913.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:2023 Vauxhall Grandland Ultimate Turbo facelift 1.2 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (restyling, front) File:2023 Vauxhall Grandland Ultimate Turbo facelift 1.2 Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (restyling, rear) File:2018 Vauxhall Grandland X Interior.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (pre-restyling, interior) File:Vauxhall Grandland registered December 2018 1199cc.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (pre-restyling, front) File:2019 Vauxhall Grandland X Sport NAV Turbo Diesel 1.5 Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (pre-restyling, rear) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0341.jpg|Grandland Hybrid (front) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0329.jpg|Grandland Hybrid (rear) File:Opel Grandland GSe Auto Zuerich 2023 1X7A0970.jpg|Grandland GSe (front) File:Opel Grandland GSe Auto Zuerich 2023 1X7A0969.jpg|Grandland GSe (rear) File:Opel Grandland X - Edition Bitter Retro Classics 2020 IMG 0211.jpg|Bitter Opel Grandland </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, produced from 2024, introduced a sportier design and is derived from the same models.<gallery> File:Opel Grandland B DSC 8689.jpg|Front File:Opel Grandland B DSC 8322.jpg|Rear File:Opel Grandland B MHEV Auto Zuerich 2024 DSC 6705.jpg|Interior File:2024 Vauxhall Grandland GS EV - 73kWh (213PS) Electric - Impact Copper - 02-2025, Front.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (front) File:2024 Vauxhall Grandland GS EV - 73kWh (213PS) Electric - Impact Copper - 02-2025, Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Opel Grandland}} bnnglykyfkze7bc1s3lzrsn15rwrs5u 10883061 10883060 2026-06-10T10:26:11Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 Images 10883061 wikitext text/x-wiki Opel Grandland (or X in the first generation) is an [[SUV]] produced by [[Opel]] since [[2017]]. == Firts generation == The first generation, produced from 2017 to [[2024]], represents Opel's largest SUV. The first generation was derived from the [[Citroën C5 Aircross#Firts generation|Citroën C5 Aircross]] and the [[Peugeot 3008]]. In [[2021]] there was a major restyling: the name Grandland lost the X, the front, now more closed, has a sportier shape, inside, a new [[Infotainment|display]].<gallery> File:Opel Grandland X IMG 0382.jpg|Front File:Opel Grandland X IMG 0383.jpg|Rear File:Opel Grandland X Cockpit.JPG|Interior File:Opel Grandland PHEV 1X7A0396.jpg|Restyling (front) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Automesse Ludwigsburg 2022 1X7A5913.jpg|Restyling (rear) File:2023 Vauxhall Grandland Ultimate Turbo facelift 1.2 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (restyling, front) File:2023 Vauxhall Grandland Ultimate Turbo facelift 1.2 Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (restyling, rear) File:2018 Vauxhall Grandland X Interior.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (pre-restyling, interior) File:Vauxhall Grandland registered December 2018 1199cc.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (pre-restyling, front) File:2019 Vauxhall Grandland X Sport NAV Turbo Diesel 1.5 Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (pre-restyling, rear) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0341.jpg|Grandland Hybrid (front) File:Opel Grandland Hybrid4 Auto Zuerich 2021 IMG 0329.jpg|Grandland Hybrid (rear) File:Opel Grandland GSe Auto Zuerich 2023 1X7A0970.jpg|Grandland GSe (front) File:Opel Grandland GSe Auto Zuerich 2023 1X7A0969.jpg|Grandland GSe (rear) File:Opel Grandland X - Edition Bitter Retro Classics 2020 IMG 0211.jpg|Bitter Opel Grandland </gallery> == Second generation == The second generation, produced from 2024, introduced a sportier design and is derived from the same models.<gallery> File:Opel Grandland B DSC 8689.jpg|Front File:Opel Grandland B DSC 8322.jpg|Rear File:Opel Grandland B MHEV Auto Zuerich 2024 DSC 6705.jpg|Interior File:2024 Vauxhall Grandland GS EV - 73kWh (213PS) Electric - Impact Copper - 02-2025, Front.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (front) File:2024 Vauxhall Grandland GS EV - 73kWh (213PS) Electric - Impact Copper - 02-2025, Rear.jpg|Vauxhall Grandland (rear) File:Opel Grandland Electric Classic-Gala 2025 DSC 0777.jpg|link=file:///Opel_Grandland_Electric_Classic-Gala_2025_DSC_0777.jpg|Grandland Electric (front) File:Opel Grandland Electric GS (B) – h 19072025.jpg|link=file:///Opel_Grandland_Electric_GS_(B)_–_h_19072025.jpg|Grandland Electric (rear) </gallery> == External links == {{Commons category-inline|Opel Grandland}} exlpa4e4z2exhjvjd1j9lit51ci5ht8 0 1270880 10883052 2026-06-10T10:16:47Z HarleyEditing 1251779 Officially created Madeons "Pop Culture" page, if anything needs done, feel free to help Wikipedia out by adding to it. 10883052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[Pop Culture]''' is a [[mash-up]] song created by Hugo Pierre Leclercq, better known by his stage name, [[Madeon]]. The song was recorded when he was seventeen years old, using samples from 39 popular songs, mixed using the software FL Studio controlled with a Novation Launchpad. The video went viral within a few days of release, and it has been seen more than 60 million times on [[YouTube]]. <ref>{{Citation|last=Madeon|title=Madeon - Pop Culture (live mashup)|date=2011-07-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTx3G6h2xyA|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> The video drew attention to Leclercq and would lead to him being signed by [[Columbia Records]] and launching his music career. == Composition == Madeon at the time was 17 years old and was living with his parents in Nantes, France, and was a rising star in the [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] genre, having recently won a remix competition for the song "The Island" by [[Pendulum (Australian band)|Pendulum]] in late 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=Isle Interactive|title=Pendulum - News - 'THE ISLAND' REMIX COMPETITION WINNERS!|url=http://www.pendulum.com/news,the-island-remix-competition-winners_146.htm|access-date=2026-06-10|website=www.pendulum.com}}</ref> [[Daft Punk]] was a major influence for Leclercq at the time, and had gone to their shows to see how they performed their music live, seeing that they were often just pressing buttons on their panels to make sound. <ref>{{Cite news|last=N|last2=P|last3=R|date=2019-12-07|title=French Entertainer Madeon On 'Good Faith'|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/07/785804884/french-dj-madeon-on-good-faith|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Leclercq saw an [[advertisment]] for the Launchpad, and purchased one, to toy around with, and pulled samples from his favorite albums and songs at the time. He created the video live as he performed the song, uploaded to [[YouTube]], and then left on vacation for about a week. When he returned, he found the video had millions of views, and he had a request to tour Australia. Due to the attention he received from "Pop Culture" and other singles, Leclercq was approached by various record labels to sign up as an artist. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-06|title=Madeon: "I don't see myself as a DJ"|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a626863/madeon-interview-i-dont-see-myself-as-a-dj-i-never-really-was/|access-date=2026-06-10|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == <references> $1 </references> [[Category:Songs]] so7rvx79n5uwymkob3pnebft80hdety 10883055 10883052 2026-06-10T10:17:11Z HarleyEditing 1251779 10883055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pop Culture''' is a [[mash-up]] song created by Hugo Pierre Leclercq, better known by his stage name, [[Madeon]]. The song was recorded when he was seventeen years old, using samples from 39 popular songs, mixed using the software FL Studio controlled with a Novation Launchpad. The video went viral within a few days of release, and it has been seen more than 60 million times on [[YouTube]]. <ref>{{Citation|last=Madeon|title=Madeon - Pop Culture (live mashup)|date=2011-07-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTx3G6h2xyA|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> The video drew attention to Leclercq and would lead to him being signed by [[Columbia Records]] and launching his music career. == Composition == Madeon at the time was 17 years old and was living with his parents in Nantes, France, and was a rising star in the [[Electronic dance music|EDM]] genre, having recently won a remix competition for the song "The Island" by [[Pendulum (Australian band)|Pendulum]] in late 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Ltd|first=Isle Interactive|title=Pendulum - News - 'THE ISLAND' REMIX COMPETITION WINNERS!|url=http://www.pendulum.com/news,the-island-remix-competition-winners_146.htm|access-date=2026-06-10|website=www.pendulum.com}}</ref> [[Daft Punk]] was a major influence for Leclercq at the time, and had gone to their shows to see how they performed their music live, seeing that they were often just pressing buttons on their panels to make sound. <ref>{{Cite news|last=N|last2=P|last3=R|date=2019-12-07|title=French Entertainer Madeon On 'Good Faith'|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/12/07/785804884/french-dj-madeon-on-good-faith|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Leclercq saw an [[advertisment]] for the Launchpad, and purchased one, to toy around with, and pulled samples from his favorite albums and songs at the time. He created the video live as he performed the song, uploaded to [[YouTube]], and then left on vacation for about a week. When he returned, he found the video had millions of views, and he had a request to tour Australia. Due to the attention he received from "Pop Culture" and other singles, Leclercq was approached by various record labels to sign up as an artist. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-02-06|title=Madeon: "I don't see myself as a DJ"|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a626863/madeon-interview-i-dont-see-myself-as-a-dj-i-never-really-was/|access-date=2026-06-10|website=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref> == References == <references> $1 </references> [[Category:Songs]] l7z8y2i1rlbcg3u52i5jxqtocc0rnzv 0 1270881 10883068 2026-06-10T10:49:55Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 Created page with "The EVO Cuatro is an [[SUV]] produced [[since]] 2026. == Engine == The EVO Cuatro is an SUV produced by [[Auto EVO]], and is available in a [[gasoline]] version, with a 1.5 117 HP and 86 [[Watt|KW]] [[engine]], paired with a 5-speed manual [[transmission]]. The [[Automobile|car]] has 136 NM of maximum torque and 18-inch [[Wheel|wheels]]. It is derived from the [[China|Chinese]] SUV [[Kaiyi Showjet]]." 10883068 wikitext text/x-wiki The EVO Cuatro is an [[SUV]] produced [[since]] 2026. == Engine == The EVO Cuatro is an SUV produced by [[Auto EVO]], and is available in a [[gasoline]] version, with a 1.5 117 HP and 86 [[Watt|KW]] [[engine]], paired with a 5-speed manual [[transmission]]. The [[Automobile|car]] has 136 NM of maximum torque and 18-inch [[Wheel|wheels]]. It is derived from the [[China|Chinese]] SUV [[Kaiyi Showjet]]. 9fmbr0w07jjxxcfxassq6mnttey4971 10883070 10883068 2026-06-10T10:51:07Z ~2026-29623-71 1805491 Da [[since]] a [[2026]] 10883070 wikitext text/x-wiki The EVO Cuatro is an [[SUV]] produced since [[2026]]. == Engine == The EVO Cuatro is an SUV produced by [[Auto EVO]], and is available in a [[gasoline]] version, with a 1.5 117 HP and 86 [[Watt|KW]] [[engine]], paired with a 5-speed manual [[transmission]]. The [[Automobile|car]] has 136 NM of maximum torque and 18-inch [[Wheel|wheels]]. It is derived from the [[China|Chinese]] SUV [[Kaiyi Showjet]]. 1na5gjsh5066h6helppokvhl3so3hnb 0 1270882 10883075 2026-06-10T10:57:01Z Werner100359 106408 Created page with "{{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2009-10 | dates = 26 September 2009 - 13 June 2010 | winners = [[SV Neulengbach ]] 8th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 160 | league topscorer = Edith Wurm (8 goals) | prevseason = [[2008-09 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2008-09]] | nextseason = [[2010-11 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2010-11]] }} T..." 10883075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football league season | competition = [[ÖFB Ladies Cup|Sport.Land.NÖ ÖFB Women's Cup]] | season = 2009-10 | dates = 26 September 2009 - 13 June 2010 | winners = [[SV Neulengbach ]] 8th title | relegated = |promoted = | matches = 31 | total goals = 160 | league topscorer = Edith Wurm (8 goals) | prevseason = [[2008-09 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2008-09]] | nextseason = [[2010-11 Austrian Women's Football Cup|2010-11]] }} The '''2009- 10 Austrian Women's Football Cup''' was the 36th season of the competition It was organized by the [[Austrian Football Association]]. The final took place at the ''Liese Prokop Sportanlage'' in Rohrbach an der Gölsen. [[SV Neulengbach]] won their 8th consecutive title. ==Matches == <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/nat/cup/cup__ofb_ladies_cup__2009_10.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> ===Round 1 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''ASKÖ Dionysen/Traun''' | Union Geretsberg |4-3<br>a.e.t. |- | ASKÖ Doppl/Hart | '''FC Wacker Innsbruck''' |1-7 |- | ESV Südost | '''ASV 13 Wien''' |0-2 |- | Heeres SV Wals | '''USK Hof''' |2-7 |- |JSV Mariatrost | '''SK Kärnten''' |2-5 |- |SKV Altenmarkt | '''ASK Erlaa''' |1-5 |- | UFC Atzgersdorf/Mauer | '''SV Horn''' |0-4 |- | 1. DFC Leoben | '''LUV Graz''' |0-3 <ref>1. DFC Leoben did not play.</ref> |- | '''ASV Spratzern''' | 1. SVg Guntramsdorf |5-0 |- |DFC Heidenreichstein | '''USG Ardagger/Neustadtl''' |1-4 |- | FC Lustenau 07 | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- |SC Groß Schweinbarth | '''USC Landhaus''' |0-3 |- | '''SC St. Ruprecht/Raab''' | ASV St. Margarethen/Lavanttal |3-1 |- |SC Unterpremstätten | '''FC Südburgenland''' |0-8 |- |SV Furth | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-15 |- |SV Gloggnitz | '''FC Stattegg''' |0-3 |} ===Round 2 === {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |SV Horn |'''FC Wacker Innsbruck ''' |1-6 |- |'''Union Kleinmünchen''' |SK Kärnten |2-0 |- | ASKÖ Dionysen/Traun |'''USC Landhaus''' |1-6 |- |ASV 13 Wien | '''FC Südburgenland''' |0-16 |- | ASV Spratzern | ''' ASK Erlaa''' |1-2 |- |FC Stattegg | '''SC St. Ruprecht/Raab''' |1-1 <br>a.e.t. 4-5 pen. |- | USG Ardagger/Neustadtl | '''USK Hof''' |3-7 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''SV Neulengbach''' | LUV Graz |3-0<ref>LUV did not play.</ref> |} ===Quarterfinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |USK Hof | '''USC Landhaus''' |1-2 <br>a.e.t. |- | '''Union Kleinmünchen''' | SC St. Ruprecht/Raab |4-1 |- |FC Wacker Innsbruck | '''SV Neulengbach''' |0-4 |- | '''ASK Erlaa''' | FC Südburgenland |3-2 <br>a.e.t. |} ===Semifinals=== {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- | '''ASK Erlaa''' | Union Kleinmünchen |2-0 |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' | USC Landhaus |5-0 |} ===Final=== <ref>[http://www.austriasoccer.at/damen/spiele/2019/20190608skn_unio0.htm Austria Soccer] </ref> {| class="wikitable" bgcolor=ccffcc |- ! Team 1 !Team 2 ! |- |'''SV Neulengbach''' |ASK Erlaa |4-0 |} *'''Goals:'''Burger (16.,82.) Rodrigues (35.,68.) *'''Yellow card: *'''Referee:'''Silke Hohenauer-Mitterl *'''Venue:'''Liese Prokop Sportanlage, Rohrbach/Gölsen *'''Attendence:''' 250 *'''SV Neulengbach:''' Jasmin Pfeiler-Dewein (85. Melissa Abiral)- Romina Bell - Monica Hickmann Alves - Ines Ruiss - Kathrin Entner (80. Alexandra Biroova) - Daniela Tasch - Celia Liese Brancao-Ribeiro - Maria Gstöttner - Fabiana Guedes Rodrigues - Nina Burger (C) - Nadine Novotny (56. Birgit Gumpenberger) ''Coach:'''Olga Hutter''' *'''ASK Erlaa:''' Beatrice Hackl - Katrin Obermann - Alexandra Baumann - Denise Feichtinger (46. Bernadette Witasek) - Claudia Rohsmann - Nina Rohsmann - Maria-Magdalena Schiefer (46. Nina Jandrisits) - Stefanie Koch-Lefevre - Erika Elias-Zillinger - Jennifer Kellner (80. Franziska Sottner)- Tanja Legenstein (C) - '''Coach:'''Rudolf Lehner {{ÖFB Ladies Cup seasons}} {{Association football in Austria}} ==References == [[Category:Football in Austria]] [[Category:Football seasons]] [[Category:2018–19 in European football]] [[Category:Austrian Cup]] oyt3ih4ea87vvi9litt8wsjkexg0g41 0 1270883 10883078 2026-06-10T10:59:32Z Surbhiagrawal3375 1814272 Adding biography of Indian entrepreneur Vivansh Vasishta with cited references 10883078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Vivansh Vasishta | image = Vivansh Vasishta - Founder, Chairman & Managing Director.jpg | caption = Vivansh Vasishta | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|2|22}} | birth_place = [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | nationality = Indian | alma_mater = [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]], Agra | occupation = Entrepreneur, Author | years_active = 2024–present | title = Founder, Chairman and Managing Director | parents = Rakesh Sharma (father)<br>Anita Sharma (mother) }} '''Vivansh Vasishta''' (born 22 February 2000) is an Indian entrepreneur and author. He is the founder, chairman, and managing director of the Vivansh Vasishta Group of Companies, a business group based in [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India.<ref name="hindustanmetro">{{cite web |url=https://hindustanmetro.com/from-mathura-to-the-world-vivansh-vasishtas-vision-of-building-a-conscious-conglomerate |title=From Mathura to the World: Vivansh Vasishta's Vision of Building a Conscious Conglomerate |publisher=Hindustan Metro |date=9 January 2026 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Early life and education == Vasishta was born on 22 February 2000 in [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. His father is Rakesh Sharma and his mother is Anita Sharma.<ref name="hindustanmetro"/> He studied at [[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University]] in [[Agra]], where he completed a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree.<ref name="hindustanmetro"/> == Career == Before starting his own company, Vasishta worked in the Indian banking and insurance sectors. He held positions at [[Kotak Mahindra Bank]], [[ICICI Prudential Life Insurance]], Shriram Life Insurance, and Axis Max Life Insurance.<ref name="hindustanmetro"/> In February 2024, he founded the Vivansh Vasishta Group of Companies, also referred to as ViVCOS. The company is headquartered in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. It operates across several sectors including software, e-commerce, retail, financial technology, cryptocurrency, media, and production.<ref name="hindustanmetro"/> == Books == Vasishta authored ''True Success by Soul Design'', available on [[Google Play Books]] and [[Amazon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Vivansh_Vasishta_True_Success_by_Soul_Design?id=tjWlEQAAQBAJ |title=True Success by Soul Design |publisher=Google Play Books |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Media coverage == In 2026, Vasishta was named in ''[[Mid-Day]]'''s list of "India's 15 Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Look Out for in 2026".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/amp/buzz/article/india-s-15-inspiring-entrepreneurs-to-look-out-for-in-2026-8874 |title=India's 15 Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Look Out for in 2026 |publisher=Mid-Day |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> He was interviewed by [[ABP News]] in a podcast segment published on YouTube.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD0RtBWM4Bk |title=Vivansh Vasishta Interview |publisher=[[ABP News]] |via=[[YouTube]] |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> His work has also been covered by [[ABP News]] and other Indian media outlets.<ref name="hindustanmetro"/> == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{official website|https://vivanshvasishta.com}} * [https://www.vivcos.com Vivansh Vasishta Group of Companies] * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17965809/ Vivansh Vasishta on IMDb] * [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140008330 Wikidata entry Q140008330] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD0RtBWM4Bk ABP News Interview on YouTube] {{DEFAULTSORT:Vasishta, Vivansh}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Indian entrepreneurs]] [[Category:Indian businesspeople]] [[Category:Indian male writers]] [[Category:People from Mathura]] [[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]] na7j24qpysr3hyma1befidgjfy0dulg 0 1270884 10883079 2026-06-10T10:59:56Z Greenock125 652309 Redirected page to [[Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest]] 10883079 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest]] ixaqpcdnhz7misoa22odwk0pptx3blf 10883080 10883079 2026-06-10T11:00:07Z Greenock125 652309 Removed redirect to [[Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest]] 10883080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Ben and Tan | image = File:Ben & Tan with their Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2020 trophy.jpg | caption = Ben and Tan at the Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2020. | origin = [[Denmark]] | genre = [[Pop music|Pop]] | years_active = 2020–present | label = The Arrangement | website = | current_members = * Benjamin Rosenbohm * Tanne Balcells | past_members = }} '''Ben and Tan''' are a [[Denmark|Danish]] music duo consisting of Benjamin Rosenbohm (born 3 June 2002) and Tanne Balcells (born 15 January 1998). In 2019, they both participated in the {{ill|X Factor (Danish season 12)|en|lt=twelfth season}} of the talent show ''{{ill|X Factor (Danish TV series)|en|lt=X Factor}}'' and became a duo after the show ended. They were due to represent {{ill|Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest|en|lt=Denmark}} in the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2020]] with the song "{{ill|Yes (Ben and Tan song)|en|lt=Yes}}", but the contest was cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. ==Discography== ===Singles=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Title ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Year ! scope="col" colspan="2"| Peak chart positions ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Denmark|DEN]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://danishcharts.dk/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Ben+%26+Tan|title=Discography Ben & Tan|publisher=Hung Medien|website=danishcharts.dk}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;"| [[Sverigetopplistan|SWE<br/>Heat.]]<br/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/215?dspy=2020&dspp=21|title=Veckolista Heatseeker, vecka 21|publisher=[[Sverigetopplistan]]|website=sverigetopplistan.se}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "{{ill|Yes (Ben and Tan song)|en|lt=Yes}}" | rowspan="3"| 2020 | 30 || 18 | rowspan="4" {{Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row"| "Summer Nights" | — || — |- ! scope="row"| "Hallelujah" | — || — |- ! scope="row"| "Iron Heart" | 2021 | — || — |- | colspan="20" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;"| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released. |} ==See also== * [[Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Eurovision Song Contest entrants]] pze38aajw986l0y1uklfapfnobu2c6e 0 1270885 10883087 2026-06-10T11:11:40Z ~2026-34061-58 1819562 Created page with " == Characters == Main article: List of Muppets === Main === * Kermit (voiced by Matt Danner) is a level-headed and friendly frog who enjoys acting out adventure and making music with his banjo. However, he can get flustered rather easily, usually by the antics of those around him. Kermit is also the official leader of the Muppet Babies, as he is typically the one who helps devise their plans. * Piggy (voiced by Melanie Harrison) is a temperamental and self-centered pi..." 10883087 wikitext text/x-wiki == Characters == Main article: List of Muppets === Main === * Kermit (voiced by Matt Danner) is a level-headed and friendly frog who enjoys acting out adventure and making music with his banjo. However, he can get flustered rather easily, usually by the antics of those around him. Kermit is also the official leader of the Muppet Babies, as he is typically the one who helps devise their plans. * Piggy (voiced by Melanie Harrison) is a temperamental and self-centered pig who considers herself a star and harbors a crush on Kermit. She mostly speaks in a high pitched voice but would at times greatly deepen when she gets passionate or angry. She is best friends with Skeeter and Summer. * Fozzie (voiced by Eric Bauza) is a cheerful and goofy bear who aspires to be a comedian, but also shows skills as a ventriloquist, magician, and a musician like his two best friends, Kermit and Rowlf. While adorable and good-hearted, Fozzie also has a mischievous streak, as he is fond of playing practical jokes on the other Muppets. He can also get frightened rather easily, not sharing Gonzo's love of the paranormal and grotesque. * Gonzo (voiced by Benjamin Diskin) is an eccentric and unpredictable alien who has a love for stunts and anything that can be considered strange. * Animal (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is an excitable frenzied monster who likes playing the drums. * Summer (voiced by Jessica DiCicco) is a good-hearted and sweet-natured penguin from the South Pole who loves to make art. She is best friends with Piggy. * Miss Nanny (voiced by Jenny Slate) is the human teacher of the Muppet Babies and proprietor of her school. She is only seen from the neck down. The pattern on her stockings changes to reflect relevant elements in the episode plot. She won a gold medal in a gymnastics discipline at the Sport-A-Thon. In "A Mitzvah for Mrs. Nanny", it is revealed that Miss Nanny is Jewish and actually the daughter of Nanny from the original series. === Other Muppets === * Camilla (vocal effects provided by Melanie Harrison) is a white chick and Gonzo's best friend who is involved with the Muppet Babies' activities. * Mr. Statler and Mr. Waldorf (voiced by Eric Bauza and Matt Danner) are the neighbors of Miss Nanny who often comment about the Muppet Babies' activities from the balcony of their home. * Rizzo (voiced by Benjamin Diskin) is a self-centered and sarcastic rat who lives in the mouse hole in the school. * Bunsen Honeydew (voiced by Eric Bauza) is a young aspiring scientist. * Beaker (voiced by Matt Danner) is Bunsen's assistant. * Dr. Teeth (performed by Bill Barretta) is the band leader of the Electric Mayhem. He appeared in a live-action transmission in "Muppet Rock" where he saw Animal perform backstage and is interested in having him join the Electric Mayhem. Animal turns him down for now as he needs to continue practicing. * Rowlf (voiced by Matt Danner) is a fun-loving and friendly dog who loves to sing and make music, typically with his piano. He is best friends with Kermit and Fozzie, often acting as the middleman between the two. * Sweetums (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) is an ogre who lives next door to the school. * Chef (voiced by Matt Danner) is a mock Swedish-speaking cooking prodigy. * Robin (voiced by Eric Bauza) is a small polliwog who is Kermit's nephew. He has a tail due to being in his tadpole state. * Scooter (voiced by Ogie Banks) is a young boy who wears a green and yellow track jacket. * Skeeter (voiced by Cree Summer) is Scooter's athletic twin sister who wears a sports-inspired purple jacket, a baseball-shaped watch, and pig tails. * Sam (voiced by Eric Bauza) is an eagle. In this show, Sam is shown to fly. * Jill (voiced by Ashley Spillers) is a female frog from across the street who occasionally visits the other Muppet Babies. * Janice (voiced by Ashley Spillers) is a guitarist from Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem who occasionally visits the other Muppet Babies. * Pepe (voiced by Benjamin Diskin) is a prawn that appeared in Scooter's video game. * The Newsman (voiced by Matt Danner) is a news anchor. === Other characters === * Priscilla (vocal effects provided by Dee Bradley Baker) is one of Camilla's fellow chicks who is yellow. * Beep is one of Camilla's fellow chicks who is brown and makes the sound of a car horn instead of clucking. * Carlos (voiced by Todrick Hall) is a blue frog that appears in "Frogs of a Feather". In "Frog Scouts", Carlos becomes part of the Frog Scouts alongside Kermit and Robin. * Mr. Manny (voiced by Dulé Hill) is a friend of Miss Nanny's and the substitute teacher of the kids when Miss Nanny is unavailable. Like Miss Nanny, his head is never shown. Mr. Manny is known for saying where he states that a certain thing "is groovy" which is always accompanied by Mr. Manny doing horizontal gestures with his hands, bending his knees, and doing a motion that has him wiggle his hips. He is also shown to be a volunteer at the local library and the scout troop leader of the Frog Scouts. * Orville H. Octopus (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker in "The Card Shark", Matt Danner in "Frog Scouts") is an animated purple octopus that appeared in the Muppet Babies' fantasies. * Rozzie (voiced by Charlie Townsend) is a young koala who is Fozzie's adopted younger sister. === Side characters === * Blerph by Matt Danner * Bombo by Maxwell Mitchell * Dot the Dragon by Rachel Bloom * Dust bunnies by Dee Bradley Baker * Hug-a-Saurus by Matt Danner * Meatball Monster by Dee Bradley Baker * Mega Super Ultra Robo Space Dinosaur by Ben Diskin * Phineas T. Cup by Dee Bradley Baker * Uncle Norman by Ben Diskin * Vinny Lingunie by John Deluca * Wacky Alpaca Pals by Dee Bradley Baker and Melanie Harrison nrzjw53qmt9lg5kwl2bdlowihxosycm