Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.9 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3650 276824 23191 2025-07-10T20:56:39Z 66.41.97.190 Spelling correction and some rifrances to the latigemence of Korshe clan. 276824 wikitext text/x-wiki korshe waa beel ka tirsan beelaha tanade oo ku abtirsada daarood waxayna si aad u degaan itoobiya waxyna ka badan yihiin ilaa hal milyan oo qof. In 1978 when the oromo started to invaded the somalis, and come help for the generals meeting in Hargaysa, somalia. Korshe, marrehan, gari konbe, and akishe. eftts9tw5jurszft8b0j5kl4i9fweur 0 6601 276842 274643 2025-07-11T10:26:10Z Ik hajji 7975 Fixed Typo 276842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abwaan Xasan Ganay''' abwaanku waxa uu ku dhashay duleedka magaalada [[bula xaar]] oo katirsan gobolka [[saaxiil]] ee [[somaliland]] == abwaanka faahfaahin abwanka oo kahadlaya taariikhdiisa == “Anigu waxaan ku dhashay duleedka Degmada Bullaxaar oo ka tirsan Gobolka Saaxil, waxaanan filayaa da’daydu inay tahay ilaa 6o Sano1, waayo, markii aan dhashay meel miyi ah ayaan ku dhashay laakiin isma yaraynayo in aan wax isku daro mooyee, aniga oo dhawr iyo toban jir ah oo kuray ah ayaan markaa ka imi miyiga Bullaxaar oo waxaan imid magaalada Berbera kadibna waxaan shaqo ka bilaabay Hudheelada sida Hudheelkii Cumar Isteeri, markii dambana waxaan u soo wareegay Hargaysa oo xilligii inqilaabkii Xasan Kayd ay wadeen. Waxaan ka shaqaynayay hudheelka Union-ka. Markii la odhan jiray Bakayle Qalad waxaan bilaabay Baayacmushtari ahaa inaan ka samaysto meherad yar aanan ku lahaa Xero Dhifta2, laakiin sannadkii 1966kii, ayaan hadana u wareegay dhinaca Geerash-yada oo waxaan ka shaqayn jiray Geerashkii Xaaji Dool iyo Cabdi Giirshe ay wada lahaayeen, 1967kii, ayaan ku biiray Ciidamadii Xoogga Dalka, markaas ilaa 1970kii waxaan ku jiray Ciidamadii Kamaandoosta ahaa oo aan ka soo wareegay xilligaas oo aan ku soo biiray kooxdii Baamboyda iyo Kooxdii Janan Daa’uud. ” == abwaanka iyo familkiisa == Abwaan Xasan Ganay wuxuu ka soo jeedaa reer Ilaahay tiro badiyey, oo wuxuu dhalasho la wadaagay sideed iskugu jira lix wiil iyo laba dumar ah oo kala ah: Cumar, Aadan, Yuusuf, Gaheyr, Ismaaciil, Qamar, Cawo iyo Cali. Dhamaantood way wada nool yihiin marka laga reebo Cali(IHUN) oo geeriyooday. Aabihii X. Cabdilaahi (IHUN) muu soo dhawaan oo ta Ilaahay waxay haleeshay mudo hore, inkastoo hooyadii Dhool Cute Warsame (IHUN) ay ku geeroyootay Magaalada Hargeysa gu’gii 1997kii, Ilaahayna isagaa xumaan ka hufanee uu nasiib u siiyey inuu gacantiisa abwaanku ku aaso. Abwaan Xasan Ganay waxaa u dhaxday marwo Cadar Axmed Kaahin ilaahayna iskaga calfay laba wiil Cabdilaahi iyo Guuleed oo kala jooga Maraykanka iyo Malaysia siday u kala horeeyaan. Ilaahay iskuma calfin inay Marwo Cadar sii wada joogaan, markii ay kala tageena wuxuu guursadey marwo Maryan Cali Axmed ilaa iminkana ay wada joogaan. == bilawgii samaynta heesaha == Hees uu sameeyo waxaa ugu horaysay, heesta la yidhaa “Caashaqu Shafkayga hawl yari shuq ma u yidhi oo ay qaaday Sacaada Alaale uu muusikadana saaray saygeedii Axmed Nuur Jaango. Waxaa wax la tilmaamo ah siday ay arinta halkan ka dhacday iskugu beegantay. Abwaan Xasan Xaaji C/laahi -Xasan Ganey- oo arintaa ka hadlayana wxuu yidhi “Axmed Nuur Jaango waxaa uu codka u sameeyay heestii ugu horaysay ee aan sameeyay iyo heeso badan oo aan leeyahay, iyadoo ay isagana taydaasi ugu horeysay hees uu muusikada u sameeyo”. Waxyaalaha aad loogu tilmaamo Abwaan Xasan waxaa ka mid ah dadka heesihiisa ama ruwaayadihiisa ka qayb qaata oo ku soo baxa magacooguna raago. Tanina waa ta keenta inay dadka qaarkii si geesinimo leh u yidhaahdaan xulashada erayada iyo tayadooda ayuu u heelan yahay abwaanku, xil wayna iska saaraa. Abwaanka waxaa u suurto gashay inuu dhawr heesood sameeyo, isagoo walibana fursad u helay inuu daawado ruwaayado dhawr ah ooy oo u ahaa baraaarujin iyo dhiirigelin in uu isku dayo sameynta ruwaayadaha. waxaanay noqotay ruwaayadiisii ugu horaysay mid uu sameeyey isagoo da’diisu ku dhawdahay 24 jir, uguna magac daray Dab Jaceyl kari waa, hase yeeshee may u suurtogalin in la soo bandhigo ka dib markii kacaankii keligii talisku u arkay inay tahay mid xumaantiisa daaha ka rogaysay. Abwaan Xasan oo arintan ka hadlayaana wuxuu yidhi: “Markii ruwaayadii kooxdii sir baadhistu (NSS) eegtay waxay yidhaahdeen ruwaayadu waa anti markaa waa lanaga joojiyey dhigisteedii, dayna waan galay oo dadkii dhigayey way igu lahaayeen lacagtii, markaa mudo ka dib ayaa Idiris Cigaal loo soo bedelay Hargeysa uuna codsadey inuu ruwaayad loo keeno ay hobolada waaberi dhigaan, nasiib wanaag Dab jaceyl kari waa ayaa tartankii heshay ”. Inkastoo aanu Abwaan Xasan ka mid aheyn kooxda Waaberi markan aqoon fiicana aanay dadku u laheyn ayuu aad ugu mahadnaqayaa Maxamed Cumar “Huuryo”(IHUN) iyo Maxamed Aadan Dacar oo ruwaayada sii wanaajiyey dhigisteeda si fiicana u gacan qabtay abwaanka. Hase yeeshee waxaa jirtay in abwaan Xasan, Maxamed Maxamuud Ismaaciil “Kaneeco”, Axmed Shire Cali “Baandey”, Axmed Xasan “Axmed Libaax “ ay wada sameeyeen 1970 dabayaaqadiisii ruwaayadii la odhan jiray “Laanta sare iyo laaca aragtayee Laagga ma ogayd”. Ruwaayadani may hanoqaadin sababo jira awgeed. Waxaa kaloo tilmaan mudan inmarkani ay aheyd xiligii ay aasaaseen kooxdii Janaraal Daa’uud, iyadoo uu magaca bixiyey Cabdi Cali Weyd (IHUN). Ruwaayadaha uu abwaanku alifay waa ruwaayado dhawr ah oo dhamaan ku salaysan dhaqanka toosan, kana turjumaya heer masraxeedka abwaanka oo aad u sareeya, waana kuwan ruwaayadah Heesaha kale ee uu sameeyey abwaanu waxa ka mida heesta Caashaqa ha Baayicin oo ay kuwada luuqeeyaan Xasan Adan Samtar iyo Xaliimo Cumar Khaliif Magoool, waana heesta loogu jecelyahay heesaha uu sameeyey Abwaan Xasan Ganey isagoo si farshaxanimo leh u soo bandhigaaya awoodaha Ilaaahay. == riwaayadihii uu abwaanku alifay == * Dab Jaceyl Kari waa — 1973-kii * jin iyo Jaceyl — 1975-kii * Dumistii Aqalkayga iyo Arooskii Inankayga — 1977-kii * Galbeed waa la xoreeye Waarsaa Gaagixisay — 1978-kii * Bidaari Sibiq bay kugu Gashaa — 1980-kii * Masiibadu Adduunyada iyadaa u Macalin ah — 1983-kii * Daajiyaaba ka maaal- 1988kii * Dhaqankeeniyo Dhaliisha casriga- 2000 Waxaa ugu dambeeysay riwaayad uu sameeyo Dhaqankeena iyo Dhalinta Casriga, taas oo aan lagu soo bandhigin masrax faneed ee uu hayo iyadoo cajalad ah, inkastooy jiraan weliba riwaayado kale oo ay magacyadoodii naga maqanyihiin. Intaas waxaa u sii dheer abwaanka heeso badan, iyo gabayo iskood u madax banana. Waxaanu ku caanyahay jilista ama hab masraxeedka riyaawadaha. Abwaan Xasan X. Cabdillaahi (Xasan Ganey) heesaha aad loogu xasuusto waxaa kamid ah heesta Sayla oo ka mid ah heesaha ugu dhumucda weyn ee Soomaalida, kuna sar go’an dhaqanka iyo hiddaha bulshada, heestaas oo ay codadkooda baxsan ku qaadaan fannaanka iyo fannaanada weyn ee caanka ah Xasan Aadan Samatar iyo Sahra Axmed Jaamac oo labadooduba ah shakhsiyaadka ugu haboonaa gudbinta heestaas marka loo eego dhinaca Masraxiyada. Heestaas oo beydkeeda hore uu yahay kan uu qaadayo Xasan Aadan ayuu hal-abuurku isaga oo isticmaalaya hodanimadiisa suugaaneed ku cabiray sawir muuqaal sax ah una noqon kara qof kasta oo aan aqoon u lahayn marxaladaha kala duwan ee nolosha degaanada xoolo dhaqatada, siiba Geel-jirka oo isagu ah kan ugu dhibta iyo dheeftaba badan xoolaheena inta badana aanu haweenku ka qayb qaadan dhaqaalayntiisa dhinaca (Jirista), halka baydka labaad oo ah kan ay qaadayso Sahra Axmed Jaamac oo ku bilaabmaysa, “Sange Subag idaadiyo sumal badhidii lagu shubay oo ay sabada ceelkiyo sohdu tahay agtiisee, ” uu ahaa mid ka tarjumaya meel ku siman halka uu gaadhsiisan yahay dareenka hawlkarnimo iyo aragti ku sarjaran waxqabad ee haweenku ka qaato dhinaca xoolihii aynu dhaqano, tusaale ahaan Geella, lo’da iyo Adhiga, waxaynu ognahay in aan inta badan haweenka loo dirin geella iyo xataa lo’da lafteeda. Waxaa ugu dambeeysay riwaayad uu sameeyo Dhaqankeena iyo Dhalinta Casriga, taas oo aan lagu soo bandhigin masrax faneed ee uu hayo iyadoo cajalad ah, inkastooy jiraan weliba riwaayado kale oo ay magacyadoodii naga maqanyihiin. Intaas waxaa u sii dheer abwaanka heeso badan, iyo gabayo iskood u madax banana. Waxaanu ku caanyahay jilista ama hab masraxeedka riyaawadaha. Abwaan Xasan X. Cabdillaahi (Xasan Ganey) heesaha aad loogu xasuusto waxaa kamid ah heesta Sayla oo ka mid ah heesaha ugu dhumucda weyn ee Soomaalida, kuna sar go’an dhaqanka iyo hiddaha bulshada, heestaas oo ay codadkooda baxsan ku qaadaan fannaanka iyo fannaanada weyn ee caanka ah Xasan Aadan Samatar iyo Sahra Axmed Jaamac oo labadooduba ah shakhsiyaadka ugu haboonaa gudbinta heestaas marka loo eego dhinaca Masraxiyada. Heestaas oo beydkeeda hore uu yahay kan uu qaadayo Xasan Aadan ayuu hal-abuurku isaga oo isticmaalaya hodanimadiisa suugaaneed ku cabiray sawir muuqaal sax ah una noqon kara qof kasta oo aan aqoon u lahayn marxaladaha kala duwan ee nolosha degaanada xoolo dhaqatada, siiba Geel-jirka oo isagu ah kan ugu dhibta iyo dheeftaba badan xoolaheena inta badana aanu haweenku ka qayb qaadan dhaqaalayntiisa dhinaca (Jirista), halka baydka labaad oo ah kan ay qaadayso Sahra Axmed Jaamac oo ku bilaabmaysa, “Sange Subag idaadiyo sumal badhidii lagu shubay oo ay sabada ceelkiyo sohdu tahay agtiisee, ” uu ahaa mid ka tarjumaya meel ku siman halka uu gaadhsiisan yahay dareenka hawlkarnimo iyo aragti ku sarjaran waxqabad ee haweenku ka qaato dhinaca xoolihii aynu dhaqano, tusaale ahaan Geella, lo’da iyo Adhiga, waxaynu ognahay in aan inta badan haweenka loo dirin geella iyo xataa lo’da lafteeda. == midkamida maansooyinkiisa == dhoomaha sanaagoo daali ay ku dhawdoo dhool bari ku jiifsaday iyo dhibic mahiigaan marna dirir dhirbaaxiyo miiraale dhaqa iyo gudgudaha dhabaandhabay dhildhilada u bixiyoo dhaan nageeye ku onkaday mayayna uu ku dhagagsaday mid kalena dhab ugu da’ay dharagtooy camuuduna kobta dhiica godan iyo calcalyadu dhijaamaha dhacadiid u jiiftoo raha doobi dhaaliyo shinbiraha dhawaaqee dhawr nooc u ciyayana dhagtii maqashay jeceshahay oo daro dhanaantoo dhaashaday korkeediyo xarfo rays ay dhaadhiday xididkeedi dhuunyaday ka dharqaday biyaha iyo ubaxoo dhamaysoo dhambalaha cadaystiyo maadhu isku dheeliday baldhooluhuna kala dhacay dareemaduna dhuuxiyo kala dhilin caleentii iyo dhuubki dixiduba oo geedo dhayla ah laga dhawro socodkoo marka aad dhaqaaqdaba cosob dhaaxa hawroo dhiidhida ku seexdiyo rays dhiiqo daaciyo dhac caleeni leedahay oo xagar dhamaysoo man uu cunin dhurduhu wali oogada ku dhiibshiyo dhuyuciyo maraagiyo dhiitacab magooliyo dhinbiliil galooliyo qudhac dhamasta leegoo dhaameel udgoonlihi dheega isa saartoo dhirta geedba dhalankii dheehiisu buuxsamay marankuna dhexda u galay saarkuna ku dherersaday oo gob iyo dheentiyo dhafaruur bislaatiyo gomorshaa is dhilay iyo himir sida hunguri dhubuq dhuunta kuu maraysiyo dhabigiyo madheedhkuna hoobaan dul dhididoo malab yar oo dhibqayaa kasoo dhibiqtif leeyoo midho dhiina bixiyeen oon ciidu dheged iyo dhoobo madaw ahaynoo dharka kaa halaynayn oon dhuug wareeniyo lagu arag dhibiiqoo jiilaalki lagu dhixin udubkuna ku dhicin wali mar habeenku dhaxan wadan dharaartiina kululayn dhex-dhexaad hawadu tahay oon dhac iyo duulaan dhawr bahal lahaynoo reeraha is dhinac yaal dhaabadoodu nabad tahay maalkiina ugu dhalay oo dhiilo waawayn dhanaan iyo dhitiyo ciir gooni loogu kala dhigay oo dhooraydii iyo daba dhoonki geeliyo dhaydiiday kuraygii oo dhaayin badisoo nirgo dhaylo soconloo yaanay dhiman daraadeed qaar loogu dhuufoo dheeraaday kuruskii edega u dhex jiiftoo ku dul dhaacatoo godod dhiiqeen danbeedadu oo dhaqasho doobloo ramadkiisa dhawrtoo dhididkii hablaha iyo ka fogaaday dhaantadu isagoo dhadhabid neceb dhaqso gorof u qaatoo ka soo buuxshay dhaameel oo ubad dhalaanoo dhanbarkii lafta u dhacay dhuxulaha ka daadshoo iyaguna dhadhamin li’I dhangad loogu qaatoo dhama waalidkood yidhi oo rimay dhawaysoo dhaystii la socon loo dheega xardhayoo faraw dhuumatadu qarsoontiyo dhaqayaha la kala garan oo baarqab dhibiloo malaa bil iyo dheeraad wali dhuuni cuninoo dhexdu qabasho leeg tahay koromada dhufaaniyo dhawr qaalin didiyoo ka dhexsaaray geelii oo micida dhaaliyo dhoolaha is mariyoo dhiilaabay galawgii oo doobta dhiifta ah dhawr goor garaacoo rakaadiina daba dhigay dhiriftiina roorsaday galoof xayl ku dhigayoo markii uu dhulka u riday afartiisa dhaadheer baalaha ka dhaafsoo dhinacyee markay tidhi ku dhirbaaxay jeeniga oo naylo dhaga jeex iyo galwo lagu dhigay dhacanta looga qaadoo mari doodi loo dhigay oo nugulka dhaadani waa dhiin lo’deenee dhasalaalaq reentoo intoo dhoobi sara kacay loo yeedhay xayn dhool oo waylo dhuudaan dhogortoodu noqotiyo dharag boodka waxaruhu qolqolka is dhexyaaceen oo dhawr gamaanoo koore ay ku dhididiyo dhangad lagu xanuunjiyo bir dhareer ka keentoo afka loogu dhaabiyo dhacsi iyo rogaal galin dhoodida ka muuqdaan oon dhaanto iyo sacab dhalin yaradu daynayn dhalatooy cadceeduna godka ay ku dhawdoo dharabkii arooryiyo intaan dheelku sara kicin is dhextaagtay mina subax dhugashada sideedaa dhaayaha ku eegaa adigana dhargi ogyiin dhudi kubab dhamaysleey dhexyar dhabano hoobaan dhabeel gaari dhaqasho leh adigaa dheg iyo qurux rabi kuu dhameeyoo intaad dumarka dheertahay dhulka aad ku ababtiyo dhaqan hooyo weeyaan Abwaan Xasan X.Abdullahi "Ganey" Ma aha sooyaalkiisa mid halkaan Lagu sookoobo karo waxey qaadaneysaa Waqti dheer Abwaanku Halyeeey U soo Halgamay DALKA ,DIINTA IYO DADKIISABA Rabi Haka Jasosiiyo Abaalkiisane Janatul-Firdowsa Haka yeelo [[Category:Abwaanada Soomaaliya]] s25e2yiioap582dfvkyropdjifkjx5b 0 9556 276835 234907 2025-07-11T03:34:54Z Cicihwahyuni6 35771 276835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|37.496609|127.026902|display=title}} [[File:Samsung headquarters.jpg|thumbnail|Xarunta shirkada [[Samsung]] ee [[Seoul]]]]. [[File:Samsung Logo.svg|220px|thumbnail|Astaanta loogada Samsung]]. '''Samsung Group''' ama '''Samsung''' waxaa shirkad soosaarta waxyaabaha elektarooniga ku sheqeeya xarunteedu waxa ay kutaalaa wadanka '''[[Koonfur Korea]]''' gaar ahaan magaalda caasimada ee [[Seoul]]. Shirkada waxaa u shaqeeya shaqaale kabadan ilaa 200,000 oo qof waa mid kamida shirkadaha ugu horreeya dhanka qalabka danabka korontada ku shaqeeya ( Electric). Shirkaddani waxa ay ka hawlgashaa dhammaan waddamada dunida iyada oo xifaaltan ba'ani kala dhexeeyo shirkadda reer Maraykan ee '''[[Apple Inc]]'''. * [[LG]] * [[Nokia]] * [[Casio]] * [[Citizen Holdings]] {{Flag|South Korea}} [[Category:Gumud]] [[Category:Elektaroonig]] [[Category:Teknooloji]] ewbamdjmjf9zpfun4tu15gttp4klfuj 0 17441 276827 213823 2025-07-10T22:23:34Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Nabadsuge]] 276827 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nabadsuge]] nwisn3t28olfc57pjbxasdwjw6zynpy 0 22960 276828 213825 2025-07-10T22:23:44Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Nabadsuge]] 276828 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nabadsuge]] nwisn3t28olfc57pjbxasdwjw6zynpy 1 22961 276833 213824 2025-07-10T22:24:34Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Talk:Nabadsuge]] 276833 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Talk:Nabadsuge]] qlp8sq3s8s6xs39pj0hdkwg6ulpbpeh 0 27218 276821 276323 2025-07-10T19:10:31Z 92.40.176.206 276821 wikitext text/x-wiki <Liska Salidka Mawduucyada [[File:CPC_Corporation,_Taiwan_Seal.svg|thumb|right |400px|]] [[File:MAP-OF-BLOCK-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Map-ka Somaliland Oil Map iyo Sawirka Shidaalka ee Shirkado Qodayaan , Shidaal laga helay G/Galbeed iyo Shidaalkii sl10s/sl13 saliid muhiim ah oo laga helay bahadhamal ]] [[File:Oil_well.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Borets , sanjack , schluberger shirkadka salidka ceelka ]] [[File:Orinoco_USGS.jpg|thumb|right|410px|]] [[File:Drilling_Roughnecks_(8744524276).jpg|thumb|right|400px| daadka salidka]] [[File:Flag_of_OPEC.svg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Somaliland_oil_explorations.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Sawirku waxa uu muujinayaa SL13 IYO SL10 Gobolada Somaliland sida [[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]] , [[Daggan Prospect SL13/SL10]] ,[[Xagar Prospect SL13/SL10]] , [[Saafi Prospect SL13/SL10]] ,[[Galool Prospect SL13/SL10]] iyo kuwo kale ayaa muujinaya gobolada shidaalka oo ku dhawaad ​​2-5 bilyan oo barrle oo saliid qaydhiin ah ku jiraan shiidaalka [[Somaliland]] , shirkadaha heshiisyada shiidaalka ayaa doonaya in ay isku xidhaan gaadiidka ku wajahan [[Berbera]]. magaalada]] [[File:Nomad_90_vibrating.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:Omera_Storage_Sphere.jpg|thumb|right|400px|LPG gaaska kaydinta]] [[File:Liquefied_petroleum_gas_cylinders.jpg|thumb|right|400px|LPG]] [[File:Crudes.PNG|thumb|right|400px|]] {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| *Nidaamka maaliyadeed ee batroolka *[[Genel Energy]] *[[Hayira Salidka Dulka]] *[[Salidka Seepka]] *[[Ceelaha Salidka Somaliland]] *[[Salidka Yurub]] *[[Ceelka Iibinta]] *[[Warka Salidka Somaliland/Somalia]] *[[Warka Maraykanka Salidka Somaliland]] *[[Galool Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Salidka Bahadhamal]] *[[Saafi Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Daggan Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[creosote]] *[[Birka Salidka Xakamaynta saliidda (Christmas Tree Valve)]] *[[Cosmo Oil]] *[[Shirkad-Trafigura]] *[[Shirkad Sterling Energy]] *[[Pitch - Resinka Salidka]] *[[Hass Petroleum]] *[[Repsol]] *[[Gaamur]] *[[Fogaanta Rakibaadda Saliidda somaliland]] *[[Ceelasha Daloolinka CPC Taiwan Somaliland]] *[[Shirkad salidka]] *[[Shaqaalaha Salidka Birka Salidka Ulus]] *[[Dhagah Shabel Salidka]] *[[SL13 Beeraha Salidka]] *[[Salidka Maraykanka]] *[[SL10 Beeraha Salidka]] *[[SL18 Beeraha Salidka]] *[[Waddanamha Opec Dunida]] *[[Shirkad OPIC Somaliland Corp]] *[[Dhuumaha Salidka]] *[[Amniga Ceelaha Salidka Somaliland]] *[[Waddnmaha OPEC Afrika]] *[[Daloolinka Salidka Dulka Hoose]] *[[Galool Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Salidka Bahadhamal]] *[[Shidaal Diesel Petrol Kaydinta Somaliland]] *[[Saafi Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Daggan Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Nogal 1 Salidka]] *[[Birka salidka Dulka Hoose]] *[[Waddanamaha Opec Maraykanka]] *[[Warka Salidka Waddanamaha]] *[[Qudhac prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[Xagar Prospect SL13/SL10]] *[[SL13/SL10 Prospects salidka]] *[[Salidka Ka Yar 2 bn Barrelka Dunida]] *[[TGS.com]] *[[CPC Taiwan]] *[[Hass Petroleum]] *[[APPO]] *[[Ceelka salidka Lacag]] *[[Salidka Asia]] *[[Barrleka]] *[[Waddanamaha Jaamacada Carabta iibka Salidka]] ==sido kale fiiri== * [[Toosan Prospect SL13/SL10]] * [[Salidka Bahadhamal]] *[[Shirkad Ammu industries]] *[[Crescent Petroleum]] *[[Asphaltka]] *[[Shirkad - Toyo Kanetsu]] *[[Tarka]] *[[Salidka Isticmaalka/Malinka Dunida]] }} * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20031108/Oil-How-Do-We-Get-It/ Oil​—How Do We Get It?] ldznjagkgfz45s8u35o8o71798gsm9f 0 30132 276831 259279 2025-07-10T22:24:14Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Tobaneeyad]] 276831 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tobaneeyad]] 9j67gd8rdmu3k13ry5mx56q4ivb0852 0 30561 276839 245698 2025-07-11T09:28:20Z 102.128.131.212 Degmo badhan weyan yubbe 276839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yubbe''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[sanaag]], ee Jamhuriyada [[Somaliland]] waxay dhanka bariga ka xigta qiyaas ahaan 90km magaalo madaxda gobalka [[cergaabo]]. Waa magaalo taarikhiya waxay leedahay dhul bilic ahan soo jiidasho heer sare ah leh. ==Taariikh== == Juquraafiga== Juquraafi ahaan Yubbe waxay ku taalaa goob istaraatiiji ah, Waxa ku yaala buuro iyo beero aad u waawayn. Deegaan ahaan waxaa hoos taga dhul aad u balaadhan oo ay ka midyihiin tuulooyinka iyo deeganadan hoos ku xusan. * tuulad ninku jooge * tuulada qaarar * tuulada jiingada * tuulada isrow Deegaanada hoosyimaada waxa ka mida * dooxad birxamar * dooxada damal jabay * dooxada qorilehe * dooxada wadaayin * dooxada caqa sudh * dooxada sadexgeed * dooxada dhudhub * dooxada ceelal higlo * dooxada karin * dooxada geed quraan * dooxada xundhurbeed * Ceel-kale sare/Hose * Wadaayin * Dhuudhuudh == Dhaqaalaha == * '''[https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission]''' (en) * '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/ Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh]''' ==Beelaha == {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Sanaag}} ojfs4xepgy2xnkd673nv3q7dp3cbdaf 276840 276839 2025-07-11T09:31:56Z 102.128.131.212 Yubbe Sanaag Somalia 276840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yubbe''' waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[sanaag]], ee Jamhuriyada [[Somaliland]] waxay dhanka bariga ka xigta qiyaas ahaan 90km magaalo madaxda gobalka [[cergaabo]]. Waa magaalo taarikhiya waxay leedahay dhul bilic ahan soo jiidasho heer sare ah leh. ==Taariikh== == Juquraafiga== Juquraafi ahaan Yubbe waxay ku taalaa goob istaraatiiji ah, Waxa ku yaala buuro iyo beero aad u waawayn. Deegaan ahaan waxaa hoos taga dhul aad u balaadhan oo ay ka midyihiin tuulooyinka iyo deeganadan hoos ku xusan. * tuulad ninku jooge * tuulada qaarar * tuulada jiingada * tuulada isrow Deegaanada hoosyimaada waxa ka mida * dooxad birxamar * dooxada damal jabay * dooxada qorilehe * dooxada wadaayin * dooxada caqa sudh * dooxada sadexgeed * dooxada dhudhub * dooxada ceelal higlo * dooxada karin * dooxada geed quraan * dooxada xundhurbeed * Ceel-kale sare/Hose * Wadaayin * Dhuudhuudh == Dhaqaalaha == * '''[https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/Mankinds-Search-for-God/Islām-The-Way-to-God-by-Submission/ Islām—The Way to God by Submission]''' (en) * '''[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/iimaan-run-ah/ Iimaan Run ah Waa Waddada Nolol Farxad Leh]''' ==Beelaha == beelaha Dega waa Warsangeli cumar, nuux cumar iyo hinjiye iyo dadkale o degaan la dega Hartiga kale Majeerteen,dhulbahante warsangeli kale . '''nuux omr''' 1 ali abdirixiin 2 jibriil axmed 3 abdirahmaan 4 abdokor madobe {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Sanaag}} qpy6niwjvd36omfnq80gijdvx3q2339 0 31684 276823 276755 2025-07-10T19:48:48Z A09 27259 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/105.112.106.131|105.112.106.131]] ([[User talk:105.112.106.131|talk]]) to last revision by A09 (TwinkleGlobal) 276823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dot-com company | name = Apple Music | logo = AppleMusic 2019.svg | logo_size = 200px | image =<!-- Do not change unless you have read "Wikipedia:Software_screenshots"! --> | image_size = 250px | caption = Apple Music on an [[iPhone]] running [[iOS 14]] in [[Light-on-dark color scheme|dark mode]]. | launched = {{Start date and age|2015|6|30}} | developer = [[Apple Inc.]] | key_people = Oliver Schusser (head of Apple Music worldwide)<br>Brian Bumbery (director, Apple Music Publicity)<br>[[Trent Reznor]] (Creative Officer) | pricing = US$9.99 / month for single license <br /> US$99.00 / year for single license <br /> US$14.99 / month for family license <br /> US$4.99 / month for student license | platform = [[macOS]], [[iOS]], [[iPadOS]], [[tvOS]], [[watchOS]], [[CarPlay]], [[HomePod]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Chrome OS]], [[Amazon Echo]], [[Sonos]], and [[World Wide Web|Web]] | availability = Widely in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania, and in parts of Africa and the Middle East | website = {{Unbulleted list | '''Home Page:''' {{URL|https://www.apple.com/music/|apple.com/music}} | '''Web Player:''' {{URL|https://music.apple.com}} }} | updated =1/10/2020 }} '''Apple Music''' waa adeeg muusig iyo muuqaal fiidiyoow ah oo ay soo saartay [[Apple Inc]] Users waxay doortaan muusig si ay ugu sii gudbiyaan qalabkooda dalabkooda, ama waxay dhagaysan karaan liiska jira ee jira, oo khibrad leh. Adeeggu wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay raadiyaha internetka ee Apple Music 1, Apple Music Hits, iyo Apple Music Country, oo si toos ah u tabiya in ka badan 200 oo dal 24 saacadood maalintii. Adeeggan waxaa lagu dhawaaqay June 8, 2015, waxaana la bilaabay Juun 30, 2015. Macaamiisha cusub waxay helayaan muddo lix bilood oo tijaabo ah oo lacag la’aan ah ka hor intaanay adeeggu u baahnayn rukhsad bille ah. Apple Music si dhakhso leh ayey u heshay caan ka dib markii la bilaabay, iyada oo la marayo marxaladda 10 milyan oo macaamiil lix bilood oo keliya. Adeeggu wuxuu leeyahay macaamiil 60 milyan adduunka oo dhan laga bilaabo Juun 2019.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8487726/apple-music-56-million-users-report "Apple Music Now Has 56 Million Users: Report"] ''[[Billboard]]''.</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibedda == * {{Official website|https://www.apple.com/music|Apple Music}} 01ijalt40vqnp0l5dk483ectn0v34j5 0 32041 276811 276768 2025-07-10T18:52:00Z 197.231.203.25 276811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Yemen}}|group=Habr Awal <br> هبر أول|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Yemen}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]],[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[Habar Yoonis]], [[Muhammad]] , [[Habar Jeclo]] , [[Ciidagale]] and other [[Isaaq]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} The '''Habr Awal''', also contemporarily known as the '''Subeer Awal''', and alternately romanized as the '''Zubeyr Awal''' (Somali: ''Habar Awal'', Arabic: هبر أول, Full Name: ''Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad)'' is the most populated clan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and abtirsintasheekhisaxaaqis further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Sa'ad Musa and Issa Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habr Magaadle confederation. The Habr Awal traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchantsand farmers .The Habr Awal are historically/politically and economically influential in present-day Somaliland, and reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands. == Taariikhda == [[File:Warsame_Yunis.png|right|thumb| Warsame Yunis oo ka tirsan Sacad Musa Haber Awal, oo uu sawiray Roland Bonaparte, 1890]] Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmeed wuxuu ka mid ahaa aqoonyahanadii Carbeed ee ka soo talaabay badda Carabiya ee Carabta una so gudbay Geeska Afrika si ay u faafiyaan diinta Islaamka qiyaastii qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Waxaa la sheegay inuu ku abtirsaday [[Nebi Maxamed c.s|Nabi Maxamed]] gabadhiisii [[Fatima bint Muxamed|Fatimah]] . Sidaa awgeed Sheekha wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Asharaaf|Ashraf]] ama Sada, ciwaano la siiyay faracii nebiga. Wuxuu guursaday laba dumar ah oo maxalli ah oo ka tagay [[Somaliland]] oo ay ka tageen siddeed wiil, oo mid ka mid ah ay tahay Cabdiraxmaan (Awal) Faraca sideedaas wiil waa waxa maanta loo yaqaan qabiilka Isaaq. Qabriga Zubeyr Awal, oo ah magaca awoowga ah ee beelweynta Haber Awal ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], wuxuu ku yaal Jiidali ee gobolka [[Sanaag]] oo qiyaastii ah 100&nbsp;Km dhanka bari ka xigta qabrigii awoowgiis Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed oo ahaa aabihii aasaasay qabiilka [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]], oo qabrigiisu ku yaal magaalo xeebeedka [[Maydh]] . === Muddadii Dhexe (Guul-u-helidda Abbysinia) === Taariikh Awal jeeday waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah [[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]] iyo lagu xusay caanka "Futuh Al-Habash" kaalintii ay waaweyn ee dagaalka boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia-Adal sida Magaadle jeeday ee ay la socdaan [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Garhajis]], Arap iyo qabaa'ilka Ayub ka dhanka ah boqortooyadiisa Itoobiya ee Abyssinia, Waxay Soo Magan galeen shaqsi taariikhi ah oo loo yaqaan Axmad Gurey kaas oo ahaa gacan-wadaha saxda ah ee [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] isla markaana ahaa amiir ka dhashay Beesha Samaroon Jufadda Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ) Ahaana Amiirkii ciidammada Boqortooyadii Adal xilligii dagaalkii Abyssinian-Adal. === Xilligii gumaysiga ka hor === [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]] iyo xulafadii Habr Awal]] Haber Awal waxay leedahay taariikh ganacsi oo hodan ah inta badana waxaa ugu wacan lahaanshaha dekedda weyn ee soomaalida ee [[berbera]], taas oo ahayd dekedda ugu weyn iyo degitaanka qabiilka Haber Awal xilligii hore ee casriga. Qabiilku wuxuu xiriir adag [[Harar|lalahaa imaarada Harar]] waxayna imaaradu ku hayeen ganacsatada Haber Awal maxkamadahooda si xushmad iyo qadarin leh [[Richard Francis Burton|Richard Burton]] isagoo xusaya saameynta ay ku leeyihiin maxkamada Amiir [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmed III bin Abu Bakr]] iyo wadahadal lala yeesho [[Vizier]] Mohammed. <blockquote>Haber Awal gebi ahaanba waa dad hodan ah, inta badanna waxay ku mahadsan tahay ganacsiga ka soo gudbaya dekedda Berbera ee ku taal dhulka Ciise Muuse. </blockquote><blockquote>Sidan oo kale qabiilooyinka ku hareeraysan marinka waddanka ee ay maraan gawaarida waaweyn ama jidadka ganacsiga ayaa soo urursaday hanti badan, halka kuwa Ayal Axmed oo kale ah, ay nasiib u yeesheen inay yeeshan deked ay doorbiday Dabeecadda sida Berbera, si daabiici ah ugu dhaqsaha badan waxay noqotay taaji . <ref>British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36</ref></blockquote> [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Wadooyinka ganacsiga ee aada magaalada Berbera iyagoo wata 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Axmed Nuux) oo ku yaal gudaha iyo hareeraha magaalada Berbera iyo qalcadda bari ee Siyara oo muuqata]] Ganacsatada Habr Awal waxay xiriir ganacsi oo aad u ballaadhan la lahaayeen ganacsato Carab iyo Hindi ah oo ka kala yimid [[Dhulbaxsinta Carabta|Carabiya]] iyo waddamada [[Hindiya]] sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Markay ganacsatadan ajanabiga ahi yimaaddeen [[Berbera]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] si ay ganacsi u fuliyaan, waxaa jiray is afgarad wax ku ool ah oo salka ku haya nidaamka abbaanka (ilaalinta) ee u dhexeeya iyaga iyo dadka deegaanka ah ee Reer Yuunis Nuux (Ayyal Yuunis) iyo Axmed Nuux (Ayyal Axmed) oo ku abtirsada Sacad Musa, Haber Awal:<blockquote>Tan ka hor, iyo ka hor degitaankii Ingriiska ee Cadan 1839, Ayyal Yuunis iyo Ayyal Ahmed abtirsiinyadooda Habr Awal waxay qabteen Berbera waxayna si wada jir ah u maareeyeen ganacsigooda, iyagoo la wadaagaya macaashka dhammaan macaamil ganacsi sida 'ilaaliyeyaal' (abans) ganacsato ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid [[Carabiya]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Markii lagu gudajiray dhiirrigelinta horumarka Cadan, barwaaqada dekedda ayaa si muuqata kor ugu kacday, Ayyal Yuunis oo tirad ahaan tiradooda ahayd ayaa eryay ehelladooda la tartamay oo ku dhawaaqay inay yihiin milkiileyaal ganacsi ee Berbera. Tani waxay horseeday isqabqabsi dhinac walba uu ka raadsado caawimaad dibadeed; Ayyal Axmed ee laga adkaaday wuxuu u jeestay Xaaji Shirmarke 'Cali iyo qabiilkiisa Haber Yuunis si ay u taageeraan. Taakulayntaan, waxay markaa awood u yeesheen inay dib isu taagaan oo ay cayriyaan Ayyal Yuunis oo u dhaqaaqay wadada yar ee waddada [[Bulaxaar]], oo dhawr mayl u jirta galbeedka Berbera. </blockquote> [[File:Berbera,_1884.png|thumb|300x300px| Sawirka Berbera, 1884]] Kaliya maahan in Haber Awal ganacsato ajaanib ah ay ku soo dhoweeyaan dekedahooda, waxay sidoo kale howlgalo ganacsi ka sameyeen maraakiibtooda ilaa dekadaha Carabta. Badi ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed ee tagi jirtay Cadan iyo dekedaha kale ee Koonfurta Carabtu waxay kasoo jeedaan qabiilka Habr Awal. Waxay Harar iyo gudaha ka soo iibsadeen badeecooyin kala duwan oo cayriin ah iyagoo ku beddelaya badeecado la soo saaray. Intii ay joogeen, Habr Awal waxay kireysteen guryo iyaga u gaar ah waxayna shaqaalaysiiyeen addoommadoodii, halka qabaa'illada kale ee Soomaaliyeed ay u janjeeraan inay la joogaan eheladoodii hore looga sii aasaasay guud ahaan Gacanka.<blockquote>Ganacsato. - Kuwani guud ahaan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qabiilka Haber Awal. Waxay ka keenaan Harrar iyo dalkii Galla, kafee, saffron (baastar), faan-maroodi (faan-maroodi), iyo baalal, iyagoo ka qaadaya zinc, naxaas, maro ballaadhan, iyo badeecado googoos ah. Waxay sii joogaan Cadan muddo ku dhow labaatan maalmood markiiba inta lagu jiro xilliga ganacsiga, oo soconaya illaa sagaal bilood, 'iyagoo afar safar gaaraya. Inta ay degan yihiin waxay kiraystaan guri, waxaana la socda qoysaskooda. </blockquote> [[File:Street_in_Bulhar.png|thumb|300x300px| Wadada [[Bulaxaar]]]] Gudaha, Haber Awal gawaarida ganacsiga (khafilada) waxay ahaayeen muuqaal soo noqnoqda marka loo eego koontooyinka casriga ee reer Yurub ee Jasiiradda Soomaaliya:<blockquote>Markii aan ka soo ambabaxnay magaalada Hargeysa waxaan soo safarnay maylal badan oo aan soo marnay dhul qurux u eg oo baarkinka ah, oo nool oo shimbiro leh iyo haad hawd ah. Waxaan la kulanay khafilaadaha caadiga ah ee Soomaalida [gawaarida gawaadhida ka ganacsada] ee ragga Habr-Awal, iyagoo sita maqaarkooda, xanjo, subag, iyo qaxwaha dekeddeenna Bulhar, oo ku taal inta u dhexeysa Berbera iyo Saylac. <ref>'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901</ref></blockquote>Soomaalida ka soo jeeda gudaha qoto dheer, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda [[Ogaadeen (beel)|Ogaadeenya]], sidoo kale waxay hantidooda inteeda badan ka heleen ganacsatada Habr Awal oo ay ugu yeedheen "iidoor", oo ah masayr xamaasad leh oo macnaheedu yahay baayacmushtar ama ganacsade, tixraacna u ah dabeecada baayacmushtariga Habr Awal. waqtigaas. <ref name="Info">Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115</ref> Xeebta Habr Awal (inta badan Reer Axmed Nuux) waxay si joogto ah ugu shaqeysay sidii dillaaliin / dhex dhexaadinta beelaha Soomaaliyeed ee gudaha ee doonaya inay alaabtooda u qaadaan dekedaha Berbera iyo Bulhar:<blockquote>Caadada ayaa ah Ayal Achmet (qabiilka Berbera) inuu u dhaqmo sidii dillaaliin, badiyaaana inta badan faa iidooyinka waxay ku dhagan yihiin gacmaha ninka dhexe. Ilaa iyo beryahan dambe Ogadayn waligeed ma aadin xeebta, laakiin waxay badeecada ku aamintay ganacsatada xeebaha. </blockquote> ==== Xannibaadda Berbera ==== Markii Markab Ingiriis ah oo la odhan jiray ''Mary Anne uu'' isku dayey inuu ku xidho dekedda Berbera 1825 waa la weeraray oo xubno badan oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa xasuuqay Habr Awal. Jawaab ahaan Ciidanka Badda ee Boqortooyada waxay hirgeliyeen xannibaadda iyo xisaabaadka qaarkood waxay ka sheekeeyaan duqeyn magaalada ka dhacday. Qasimiyiintu waxay aad ugu firfircoonaayeen xag militari ahaan iyo dhaqaale ahaanba [[Gacanka Maakhir|gacanka Cadmeed]] waxaana la siiyay inay dhacaan oo ay weeraraan maraakiibta ilaa galbeedka Mocha ee [[Baddacas|Badda Cas]] . Waxay xiriiryo badan oo ganacsi la lahaayeen [[Soomaalida]], iyagoo hogaaminayey maraakiibta Ras Al Khaimah iyo [[Gacanka Faarsiga|Gacanka Beershiya]] inay si joogto ah uga qayb galaan carwooyinka ganacsiga ee [[Berbera]] iyo [[Saylac]] . Marka la fiiriyo sumcadda reer Qaasim ee burcad-badeednimada caanka ah, [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] Suldaan Faarax iyo Xaaji Cali waxay qalinka u qoreen Suldaan bin Saqr Al Qasimi oo ay ku wargelinayaan xaaladda waxayna ka codsadeen inuu kala qayb galo dagaalka ay kula jiraan Ingiriiska. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Suldaanku wuu awoodi waayey inuu ka jawaabo ama gacan ka geysto yareynta xannibaadda maadaama ololihii Gacanka Beershiiya ee 1819 uu awood u waayey ciidankiisii. 1827 laba sano ka dib Ingriisku wuxuu kordhiyay yabooh si loo yareeyo xayiraada oo hakad galisay ganacsigii faa iidada badnaa ee Berbera iyada oo lagu badalayo heshiis ganacsi iyo 15,000 oo lacagta Isbaanishka ah oo ay bixinayaan hogaamiyeyaasha Habr Awal burburinta markabka iyo nolosha. === Xilligii Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska === Beesha Haber Awal waxay hoos tagtay [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] iyagoo saxiixay heshiis [[Ingiriiska|maxmiyadeed Boqortooyadii Ingiriiska]] markay ahayd 14 July 1884. Habr Awal wuxuu sii waday inuu heshiis ganacsi oo faa'iido leh la yeesho xiriirada shisheeye, inbadan oo kamid ah sidoo kale waxay kujireen xukunkii ingiriiska dalalkooda. Ingriisku wuxuu aasaasay caasimada [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda British Somaliland]] ee [[Berbera]], laakiin markii dambe wuxuu caasimada u raray [[Hargeysa]] 1941 === Garaadka iyo Salaadiinta Beesha Habr Awal === Habr Awal waxay leeyihiin dhaqan soo jireen ah oo hogaamineed waxaana hogaamiya Suldaan ka tirsan garabka Axmed Cabdalla - beel aad u tiro badan oo Sacad Muusa ah oo inta badan degan dalka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Itoobiya]] . Taariikh ahaan waxay doorbidaan inay adeegsadaan ereyga asalka ah ee ''Garaadka'' sida Warsangeli, labada qabiilba waxay tan iyo markaas bedeleen magaca cinwaanka oo loo bixiyay ''Suldaan'' in kastoo ''doorku'' isku mid yahay. Jeeday Awal Garaads urura lahaa nin ee xiliyada dagaalka iyo xallinayo murannada ka ballaaran leh beelaha kale buuxinta kaalinta sidii nabad kama dambaysta ah ''(nabadoon).'' Garaad Biniin kii ugu horreeyay waxaa loo caleemo saaray waqti la mid ah kii ugu horreeyay ee [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Habr Yunis]] Suldaan Diriiye Caynaasha, iyadoo labadan beelood ee waaweyn ay ka jabeen tababbarkii [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Ciidagale]] oo ah hoggaamiyeyaasha ballaadhan ee [[Isaaq|Isaaqa]] . Geeridiisa ka dib, Habr Awal ma uusan caleemo saarin Garaad cusub dhowr sano maadaama dadka dhaxalka u ah Biniin ay aad u yaraayeen, iyadoo Garaad Cabdalla la caleemo saaray markii uu qaangaaray. Dagaal ka dhaca xadka koonfureed ee dhulka Habr Awal si looga ilaaliyo qabiilka cadawgiisa iyo la dagaalanka weerarada. Hal dhacdo wuxuu si dirqi ah uga badbaaday weerar kadis ah oo [[Daarood|Jidwaaq]] ah iyadoo Axmed Cabdalla uu si dhaqso leh [[Daarood|isugu soo uruuriyay]] kuna qasbay duullaanka inay cararaan {| class="wikitable" ! ! Magaca ! Xukunka Ka soo ! Xukunka Ilaa |- | 1 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Biniin''' ( '''Garaadkii''' ''ugu horeeyey'' ) | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |2 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Cabdalla''' ''Garaad'' Biniin | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |3 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Askar''' ''Garaad'' Abdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- |4 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Garaad'' '''Diiriiye''' ''Garaad'' Cabdalla | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 5 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Abdulrahman''' ''Garaad'' Diriiye | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 6 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdillaahi''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdulraxman | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 7 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Cabdirisaaq''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |- | 8 | style="white-space:nowrap" | ''Suldaan'' '''Xasan''' ''Suldaan'' Cabdillaahi | style="white-space:nowrap" | | |} [[File:Garaad_Askar.png|thumb| Mustaqbalka ''Garaad'' Askar waxaa la sawiray sanadkii 1895]] Garaad Abdalla wuxuu shaqeynayey dhowr iyo toban sano, waxaana ku qaabilay saraakiil socdaal Ingriis ah oo ku dhoweyd xadka koonfureed ee [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|maxmiyadda]] sanadkii 1894-tii oo ku saabsan ballaarinta Jeneraal Ras Makonen oo wakiil ka ahaa Menelik II . Garaad Cabdalla oo ay weheliyaan hogaamiyeyaal kale oo badan oo ka tirsan British Somaliland sida Sultan Deria Hassan iyo Sheikh Madar waxay ka walwalsanaayeen duulaanka ba'an ee ciidamada Xabashidu ku bartilmaameedsadeen magaalada sii kordheysa ee [[Hargeysa]] iyo nawaaxigeeda. Garaadka waxaa la soo xiriiray Makonen labo sano un kadib isagoo ka codsaday isaga iyo Habr Awal inay ku biiraan Boqortooyada Itoobiya laakiin waa laga diiday. Garaad Cabdalla waxaa u yimid Suldaanka [[Saldanadii Garxajis|Beesha Habr Yunis]] markii ay abaaro soo food saareen, Habr Yunis wuxuu codsaday in la helo ceelasha Habr Awal si ay u waraabiyaan. Cabdala wuu ogolaaday codsigii laakiin qaar ka mid ah beeshiisa ayaa u haystay inuu yahay mid deeqsi badan isla markaana caawiya Habr Yunis iyadoo la tixgalinayo ladnaanta kaydkooda. Dadkaas waxaa ugu weynaa Askartiisa oo 15 jir ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah xisbiga Habr Yunis ay biyo yimaadeen, Askar ayaa soo dhex galay ceelka dhexdiisa raggiina waxay u diideen inay galaan. Waxaa lagu canaantay nacasnimadiisa waxaana loo sheegay inuu gees u leexdo oo uu adeeco rabitaanka aabihiis. Askar xanaaqsan ayaa toorey la dhacay ninka canaantay dagaalna wuxuu ku sigtay inuu ka bilowdo falkan. Baardheer Habr Awal oo caaqil ah kana yimid [[Bulaxaar|Bulhar oo]] lagu magacaabo Aami ayaa istaagay oo gabay ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|tiriyay]]'' : ''Erayada aad u tiro badan ayaa durba laga hadlay Yuunis ereyadiisa nacasnimada ah'' : ''Laakiin xukunka xaqa ahu wuxuu kuugu daahirsanaan doonaa sidii caadadii hore, oo nabad iyo sida buur oo kale u keenaysa'' : ''Dad aad kuugu dhow ayaa ku dhuunta dadka, cadaawayaashaada, laga soo bilaabo waqtiyadii hore ee xuska colaada'' : ''Haddii waqtigu yimaado markii aad ku indho beeshay khilaafku, ma ixtiraami lahayd'' : ''Si hagar la’aan ah, si kedis ah ayey kugu soo dul degeen'' : ''Dhamaan qabiilooyinka cadawga ah waxay maqleen warkaaga muranka ah'' : ''Sida gorgorrada oo kale, dhammaantood hunguriga ayey ka eegaan hilibkaaga!'' [[File:Habr_Awal_Warriors.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Dagaalyahanada beesha Habr Awal]] Dhinacyadiina waxaa taabtay hadalladiisii waxayna dhex-dhexaadiyeen khilaafkoodii. Garaad Cabdalla wuxuu gacantiisa siiyay mid ka mid ah gabdhihiisa gabyaaga si loogu abaalmariyo dadaalkiisa. Geeridii Cabdalla ka dib, wiilkiisii ugu weynaa ee Askar ayaa ka dambeeyay isaga oo noqday Garaad. Askar wuxuu ahaa nin fardooley ah oo xirfad leh wuxuuna la dagaalamay qaybaha koonfureed ee qabiilka kana soo horjeeday Dervishkii bilaabay duulaanka Habr Awal iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee gobolka. Sheekh Madar wuxuu isu keenay qaybaha waqooyi ee Habr Awal kuwaas oo ka duwan Ahmed Abdalla iyo in yar oo kale, oo inta badan deganaa xuduudaha [[Dhulka Biritishka ee Soomaaliya|British Somaliland]] . Geeridii Askaar kadib walaalkii ka yaraa ee Diriiye wuxuu qaatay garaadka Garaadka oo wuxuu kaga duwanaa walaalkiis iyo aabihiis inuu aad diirada u saaro tabashooyinka bulshada Habr Awal maadaama mudo nabada ay dhowdahay kadib guuldaradii Dervishes, hoos u dhigida baahida dagaalka. . Diriiye waxaa la soo dersay loolan is barbar socda oo kaalintiisa ah sida Garaad iyo Habr Awal oo gadaashiisa isugu soo ururay oo iska caabiyey ninka iska dhigaya. Markii ugu dambaysay dhimashadii Diriiye, wiilkiisa Cabdulraxman ayaa la caleemo saaray oo wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Habr Awal ee isu muujiya sida 'Suldaan' halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Garaadka. Abdulrahman wuxuu aad ula mid ahaa aabihiis hase yeeshe wuxuu aad ugu firfircoonaa arrimaha maxmiyada. Markii Ciidagale isku dayay inuu weeraro Ciise Muusa, wiil uu dhalay Habr Yunis Sultan ayaa ku soo biiray duulaanka markii la eryanayay ragii duulaanka ahaa waa la dilay. Suldaanka Beesha Habr Yunis wuxuu u yimid C / Raxmaan si uu u xaliyo khilaafka wuxuuna rabey inuu ku qasbo Issa Musa inuu bixiyo ''magta'' wiilka Suldaanka. Sida ku cad ''[[Xeer|xeer-]]'' dhaqameedka Soomaalida soo celinta lama bixiyo markii mid la dilo isdifaacid. Sidaa darteed Ciise Muusa wuu diiday oo gaashaan buufintooda ku sameeyay isagoo diidaya xukunka Abdulrahman. Cismaan Haariyey oo hayb aahan kasoo jeedey ciise muuse ‘ abokor ciise ayaa abwaanku istaagey oo tiriyey ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|geeraarka]]'' soo socda oo ''[[Suugaanta Soomaalida|uu ku cadeynayo]]'' ixtiraamkiisa laakiin uusan ku raacsaneyn Suldaan Abdulrahman. Intaa ka dib Ciise Muusa wuu bixi lahaa oo wuxuu sii ambaqaadi doonaa inuu caleemo saaro Suldaankoodii ugu horeeyay, Suldaan Kooshin sanadkii 1949 isagoo xusayay madaxbanaanidooda walaalahooda weyn ee Sacad Musa. {{Verse translation|Ninka Qaaliya joogee Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo Ninka geeri qodaayiyo Ka qasaalaya geela Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo Wax ma qaybsan karaan? Suldaanow kuma caayin Ku canaannana maayo Ceebna kuu gudi maayo Calafna kaa sugi maayo Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo Cadradii gabadhiinna Marnaba kaa celin maayo Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon Caleentii boqor saarray baa Cuurkii Muuse Subeer Aakhiro u celinaaya|The man who stands in wealth Who harvests the millet The man who’s digging for death And the ones looking after the camels Oh Suldaan think about it Can they agree? Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you And I am not reprimanding you I am not compensating you for shame I expect no wealth from you The respect we give you The beautiful young women We will never take back from you Men who were like you Who we put leaves on as king Are keeping back The Muuse Subeer people|lang=so-Latn|attr1=Cismaan Haayirey ''Suldaanow Kuma Caayin''<ref>''War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86''</ref>}} Sannadkii 1955-kii, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria wuxuu xubin ka ahaa 4 wafdi oo isugu jiray siyaasiyiin iyo salaadiin u tagay [[London]], [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] . Hadafkoodu wuxuu ahaa inay codsadaan oo ay cadaadis ku saaraan Dowladda Ingiriiska soo celinta dhulkii lumay ee loo yaqaanay 'Haud Reserve Area' oo la siiyay Boqortooyada Itoobiya intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Anglo Ethiopian ee 1954. [[File:Isaaq_Sultans_Abdillahi_Deria_and_Abdulrahman_Deria.png|thumb|350x350px| Salaadiinta Abdulrahman Deria iyo Cabdillaahi Deria oo ku sugnaa London, 1955]] ''Siyaasadaha Imperial iyo Nationalism ee Gobonimada Somaliland, 1954-1960'', Taariikhyahan Jaamac Maxamed ayaa qoray:<blockquote>NUF waxay u ololeysay soo celinta dhulalka Somaliland iyo dibeddaba. Tusaale ahaan, bishii Maarso 1955, wafdi ka kooban Michael Mariano, Abokor Xaaji Faarax iyo Cabdi Daahir ayaa aaday magaalada Muqdisho si ay ugu guuleystaan taageerada iyo wada shaqeynta kooxaha wadaniyiinta ah ee Soomaaliya. Iyo bishii Febraayo iyo May 1955 wefdi kale oo ka kooban laba Suldaan oo dhaqameed ah ( Suldaan Cabdillaahi Suldaan Deria, iyo Suldaan Abdulraxman Suldaan Deria), iyo laba siyaasi oo qunyar socod ah oo wax ku soo bartay Galbeedka (Michael Mariano, Cabdiraxmaan Cali Maxamed Dubeh) ayaa booqday London iyo New York. Intii ay ku guda jireen socdaalkooda London, waxay si rasmi ah ula kulmeen oo ay kala hadleen arinta Xoghayaha Arimaha Gumeysiga ee Alan Lennox-Boyd. Waxay u sheegeen Lennox-Boyd heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya ee 1885-kii. Heshiisyada dhexdooda, Michael Mariano wuxuu sheegay, Dowladda Ingiriiska 'ma aysan qaadin waligeed inay dhiibto, iibiso, amaahda ama haddii kale wax ku siiso shaqo, marka laga reebo Dowladda Ingiriiska, qayb kasta oo ka mid ah dhulka ay iyagu deggan yihiin ama ay iyagu gacanta ku hayaan'. Laakiin hadda dadka Soomaaliyeed 'waxay maqleen in dhulkooda la siinayo Itoobiya iyada oo loo marayo heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia ee 1897'. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heshiiskaas wuxuu 'khilaaf ka taagnaa' heshiisyadii Ingiriiska iyo Soomaaliya 'kaasoo mudnaanta laga siiyay' 1897-kii heshiiskii Anglo-Ethiopia [. ] Dawladda Ingiriisku 'way ka xoog badatay awoodeeda markay dhammeysay heshiiskii 1897 iyo ... heshiiska 1897 kuma xirna qabiilooyinka.' Suldaan Cabdillaahi waxa kale oo uu intaas ku daray in heshiiskii 1954 uu ahaa 'naxdin weyn oo ku dhacday dadka Soomaaliyeed' maadaama aan loo sheegin wadahadallada, iyo tan iyo markii ay dawladda Ingiriisku maamushay aagga ilaa 1941. Ergooyinku waxay codsadeen, sida uu yiri Suldaan Abdulrahman, dib u dhigista dhaqangelinta heshiiska si 'loo siiyo wafdiga waqti ay dacwaddooda ugu gudbiyaan' baarlamaanka iyo hay'adaha caalamiga ah. </blockquote> === Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed === Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Soomaaliyeed ee]] (SNM) wuxuu ahaa koox fallaago ah 1980- 1990kii. SNM markay ahayd 1981 aasaaskeedii [[London]] waxay u doorteen Axmed Maxamed Gulaid oo ka soo jeeda qabiilka Habr Awal inuu noqdo gudoomiyahoodii ugu horeeyey, kaasoo sheegay in ujeedada cad ee kooxdu ahayd inay afgembiyaan [[Siyaad Barre|taliskii]] militariga ee [[Siyaad Barre]] . <ref name="Metz">Helen Chapin Metz, ''Somalia: a country study'', Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.</ref> SNM waxay ka soo ururisay saldhigii ugu weynaa ee ay ka taageertay xubnaha beesha Isaaq, kuwaas oo aasaasay isla markaana taageeray dhaqdhaqaaqa iyagoo ka jawaabaya sanado faquuqa nidaamsan ee ay ku timid dawladii Siyaad Barre. Xubnaha Beesha Habr Awal waxay ka koobnaayeen qayb lixaad leh hogaamiyayaashii iyo askartii SNM. Taliyayaasha Habr Awal waxay fuliyeen howlgalo badan oo guuleystey oo horseeday guushii ugu weyneyd ee kooxda iyo burburkii taliskii Siyaad Barre. Galbeedka Somaliland, kooxdani waxay si mug leh uga dhex muuqatay qaybta 99 ee [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed]] oo lagu aasaasay magaalada [[Gabiley|Gabilay]] iyadoo inta badan qeybaha kala duwan ee ciidamada ay ka kooban yihiin maleeshiyooyin ka soo jeeda deegaanka Jibriil Abokor oo ka tirsan beesha Sacad Muuse. Habr Awal oo xukuma gobolka [[gabiley]] . Qaybta 99-aad waxaa taliye u ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) oo ka tirsan Jibriil Abokor oo si guul leh u qabsaday gobolka [[Awdal]] isla markaana gabi ahaanba tirtiray joogitaankii [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|ciidamadii Qaranka Soomaaliyeed]] ee ku sugnaa gudaha [[Gabiley]] iyo [[Awdal]] kuna qasbay dadka deegaanka [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuursi ee]] degen gobolka [[Awdal]] inay u ballanqaadaan daacadnimo [[Somaliland]] . Isaga oo ahaa taliyihii qaybta 99, General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi (Jidhif) waxa kale oo uu Saldhig Milatari ka sameeyey [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa]] Waddaniga [[SNM|Somaliyeed]] magaalada [[Saylac]] halkaas oo ay [[SNM]] qabsatay gobolka Awdal muddo 4 sano ah isla markaana ay si guul leh uga adkaadeen isku daygii maleeshiyooyinkii USF ee daacadda u ahaa [[Jabuuti]] oo isku dayey inay ka faa'iideystaan. ee dhicitaankii Dowladii Milatariga ee Siyaad Bare 1991 kuna darsatay magaalada [[Saylac]] . Badhtamaha Somaliland, [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] iyo qaybtiisa Xuseen Abokor ee ka tirsan Sacad Muuse oo ka mid ah beelweynta Habr Awal waxay si guul leh uga xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] maamulkii shuuciga ahaa ee naxariis darada ahaa waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen SNM halka ay ka xoreeyeen [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Faraweyne]] . Isla mar ahaantaana, Qaybta Ciise Muuse ee uu hoggaamiyo Korneyl Ibraahim Dhagaweyne waxay xoreeyeen dekedda istiraatiijiga ah ee [[Berbera]] iyo magaalada taariikhiga ah ee Sheekh . Kadib aasaaskii [[Somaliland]] 1991. Ganacsatada Habr Awal ayaa maalgeliyey lacagtii ugu badnayd halkaas oo ay ugu deeqeen malaayiin doollar si ay uga helaan halgamayaashii SNM raashin, agab iyo qalab darajooyin milatari ah. Magaalooyinka ganacsiga ee Habr Awal sida [[Berbera]] iyo [[Wajaale]] waa halka laga helo hubka ugu badan ee laga soo waariday iyada oo maalqabeenada Habr Awal ee ganacsatada ah ay ciidamadii SNM u suurto gashay inay helaan hub ku filan. Beesha Habr Awal waxay door laxaad leh la qaadatay SNM waxayna ka mid ahaayeen aasaasayaashii la qadarin jiray. Waxay sidoo kale dhisay [[Somaliland]] hay'adaha siyaasadeed 's dhulka hoostiisa xeerka aaya madaxweynaha 2aad Somaliland ee [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Cigaal]] . Muddadii 9-ka sano ahayd ee uu [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha ka ahaa Somaliland]], Cigaal wuxuu ku guuleystey inuu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo kooxaha kacdoonka maxalliga ah, dejiyey dhaqaalaha gobolka waqooyi-galbeed ee Somaliland, iyo inuu xiriir ganacsi oo aan rasmi ahayn la yeesho dalalka shisheeye. Waxa kale oo uu soo bandhigay [[Shillin Somaliland|shilinka Somaliland]], baasaboor iyo [[Calanka Somaliland|calan]] cusub oo dib loo [[Calanka Somaliland|naqshadeeyay]] . Intaa waxaa dheer, Cigaal abuuray [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Hubaysan Somaliland Ciidamada]], ugu waxtarka badan [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ciidamada qalabka sida tan lakal oo ka mid ah [[Ciidanka Xooga Soomaaliya|Ciidamada Qaranka Soomaaliya]] ee 1991 List of caan jeeday Awal SNM Taliyeyaasha ( Mujahids ). * Kornayl Cabdilaahi Askar Barkhad * Cabdikariim Xaashi Cilmi * Adan Dhamah * Aadan Shiine * Axmed Jaamac Sabban (Janan Oogo) * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid * Axmed Dhagax * Axmed Ibraahim (Raage Bidaar) * Axmed Golhaye * Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan) * Cali Gurey * General Cali Xuseen Cabdi * korneyl maxamud wadaad * Korneyl Xasan Yoonis Habane * Gen haybe Axmed Guure (Haybe Laambad) * Xaamud Ibraahim yaasin’sabanle’ * Professor Ibrahim Meygaag Samatar * Ibraahim Dhagaxweyne * Sheekh Ibraahim Madar * Maxamed Cilmi Samatar Galan * Jeneraal Maxamed Xasan C / laahi (Jidhif) * Maxamed Xaashi Cilmi * Maxamed Xasan (Gacmo Dheere) * Kornayl Cumar tooray * Mahdi Cali Faarax * Kornayl [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]] * Sheekh Yuusuf Cali Sheekh Madar * Yaxye Xaaji Ibraahim * korneyl cawil haad qadiye * Korneyl maxamed uraaga ‘ride’ * korneyl Talaata codle * cabdilaahi cuddo * muj Garwaaf * muj jaamac dhidaro * muj jaale diid * muj ciise curaagte == Geed Qabiil iyo Nasab == Beesha Isaaq-reeraha, qabaa'ilka ka kooban qaybaha waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba qaybood oo minka ah, sida ku cad abtirsiinta. Qeybta koowaad waxay u dhaxeysaa faracyadan ay ka dhasheen wiilasha Sheekh Isxaaq haweeney reer Harari ah - oo ah Habr Xabuusheed - iyo kuwa ku abtirsada wiilasha reer Sheekh Isxaaq oo ay dhashay haweeney [[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] ah oo ka soo jeeda Beesha Magaadle ee [[Dir]] - Habr Magaadle. Xaqiiqdii, inta badan qabiilooyinka ugu waaweyn ee reeraha-qoysku waa dhab ahaan isbahaysiyo ilmo-galeenka sidaa darteedna magaca "Habr" oo macno ahaan u leh [[Af Soomaali|Soomaaliga]] qadiimiga ah "hooyo". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey qaab-dhismeedka soo socda ee qabiilka. <ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> Falanqaynta DNA-da ee xubnaha Habr Awal ee degan Jabuuti waxay ogaadeen in dhamaan shakhsiyaadka ay ka tirsanyihiin bayaan-hoosaadka EV32 ee Y-DNA E1b1b aabbaha haplogroup. Geed qoys oo kooban oo ka mid ah qabiilooyinka waaweyn ee Habr Awal ayaa lagu soo bandhigay halkan hoose. <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307053718/https://isaaq.webs.com/habrawal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Habr_Awal_woman.png|right|thumb|298x298px| Naagtii Habr Awal ee reer Berbera, 1884]] * '''Sheekh Isxaaq Bin Axmed Al Haashimi (Sheekh Isxaaq)''' ** '''''Habr Jeclo''''' *** '''Axmed (Tol-Ja'lo)''' *** '''Muuse (Habr Jeclo)''' ****'''Maxamed Abokor''' ****'''Musa Abokor''' *** '''Ibrahiim (Sanbuur)''' *** '''Muxammad ('Ibraan)''' ** '''''Habr Magaadle''''' *** '''Ismaaciil (Garxajis)''' ****'''Habar Yonis''' ****'''Ciidagale''' *** '''Ayuub''' *** '''Muxammad (Arap)''' *** '''Cabdiraxmaan (Habar Awal )''' **** '''Afgaab Muuse''' ****'''Cabdalle Muuse''' ****'''Cumar Muuse''' ****'''Adaan Muuse''' ****'''Celli Muuse''' ****'''Cigalle Muuse''' ****'''Ciise Muuse''' **** '''Sacad Muuse''' ==Sacad Muuse== * Sacad Muse *****'''Abdirahman Sa'ad''' ******'''Aadan Cabdiraxman''' ******'''Xasan Cabdiraxman''' *****'''Abdalla Sa'ad''' ******'''Celi Cabdale''' ******'''Indhayare Cabdale''' *****'''Hassan Sa'ad''' ******'''Abdalla Hassan''' *****'''Isaaq Sa'ad''' ******'''Makahil Isaaq''' *******'''Nuh Makahil''' *******'''Abokor Makahil''' *******'''Cumar Makahil''' *******'''Mohammed Makahil''' *******'''Hassan Makahil''' ********'''Jibril Hassan''' ********'''Rooble Hassan''' ********'''Ali Hassan''' ********'''Osman Hassan''' ********* '''Yonis Osman''' ********* '''Mohamoud Osman''' ********* '''Sugaal Osman''' ********* '''Wacays Osman''' ********* '''Liibaan Osman''' ********* '''cabdalle Osman''' ********** '''Guuleed Cabdlle''' ********* '''Ahmed Osman''' ********** '''Cabanne Ahmed''' ********** '''Cabdalle Ahmed''' ********** '''Samakaab Ahmed''' *********** fvAden Samakaab *********** Cigaal Samakaab ********* '''Abokor Osman''' ********** '''Ali Obokor''' *********** Naleye Ali *********** Samater Ali *********** Mohamed Ali ******'''Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas)''' ******* '''Xasan Maxamed''' ******** '''Barre Xasan (Bare dalab)''' ******** '''Baale Xasan (Reer Baale)''' ******** '''Waceys Xasan''' ******* '''Rooble Maxamed''' ******** '''Alamagan Rooble (Reer Naaleeye)''' ******** '''Boqore Rooble (reer Geedi)''' ******** '''Ahmed Rooble (reer Foodcade)''' ******'''Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab)''' ******'''Musa (Ase) Isaaq''' ******'''Yeesif Isaaq''' *******'''Cabdale yaasif''' *******'''Idarays yaasif''' *******'''Muuse yaasif''' ******'''Abokor Isaaq''' *******'''Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan)''' *******'''Cabdalla Abokor''' ********'''Xasan Cabdalla''' ********'''Axmed Cabdalla''' ********'''Yusuf Cabdalla''' ******** '''Cigaal Cabdalla(Warancas)''' ********* '''Bare cigaal''' ********** Xasan bare ********** Xaashi bare ********** Ducaale bare ********** idirays bare ******** '''Maxamed cabdalla''' ********'''abokor cabdalla''' ********* '''Xuseen Abokor ( reer xuseen)''' *********'''Cadawe Abokor''' **********Reer Geedi Cadawe *********'''Xildiid Abokor(Reer Xildiid''') **********Cigaal xildiid **********Bare Xildiid **********Geedi Xildiid **********ISMAACIIL XILDIID ***********Cumar ismaaciil (reer Cumar) ***********Cali Ismaaciil ***********Guleed ismaaciil ***********Maax Ismaaciil ***********Samatar ismaaciil ************Xirsi Samatar ( reer caruur) ************Caafi Samatar ***********Geele Ismaaciil ************Shirwac Geele *************Faarax geele *************Samatar geele ***********Xoosh ismaaciil ************Nuur Xoosh ************Xildiid xoosh **********GALOOL XILDIID (reer Galool) ***********Maxamed Galool ***********Qolaab Galool ***********Guleed Galool ***********Alamagan Galool ***********Fataax Galool *******'''Hussein Aboko'''r ********'''Osman Hussein (Cismaannada)''' ********'''Reer Looge''' ********'''Reer Xaamud''' ********'''Yuusuf Cismaan (Reer Yuusuf)''' ********'''Hadhiye Cismaan (Reer Hadhiye)''' ********'''Jibril Hussein''' *********'''Ismail Jibril''' **********'''Nuh Ismail''' ***********Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh) ************Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon) ************Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh) ************Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid) ************Mohammed Yonis ***********Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh) **********'''Said Ismail''' ***********Abdalla Said ************Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar) ************Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane) ************Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) *************Benin Ahmed (Sultan Family) *************Sheikhton Ahmed *************Osman Ahmed *************Sahal Ahmed *************Burale Ahmed *************Kul Ahmed **********Abdalla Ismail **********Ali Ismail **********Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad) **********Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo) **********Yusuf Ismail *******'''Jibril Abokor''' ********'''Mohamed Jibril (Deriyahan)''' ********'''Adan Jibril (Bahaabar Adan)''' ********'''Hassan Jibril''' ********'''Makaahiil Jibriil''' ********'''Fiqi jibriil''' ********'''Omar Jibriil''' *********'''Gadiid Omar''' *********'''Cadaawe Omar''' **********Geedi Cadaawe **********Ismacil Cadaawe **********Dudub Cadaawe **********Cabdile Cadaawe ***********Xildiid Cabdile ***********Cigaal Cabdile . ********'''Ali Jibril''' *********'''Omar Ali''' **********Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar) **********Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar) **********Adan Omar **********Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar) **********Sahal Omar (Baha Omar) **********Yonis Omar (Dugeh) **********Ismail Omar ***********Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal) ***********Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar) ***********Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Higgis Ismail ***********Idris Ismail ***********Ollow Ismail ***********Samatar Ismail ***********Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar) ***********Barre Ismail ************Hareed Barre (reer Xareed) ********'''Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis)''' *********'''Muuse Yonis''' **********Cabdi Muse Yonis *********'''Caraale yonis''' *********'''Caynaashe Yonis''' *********'''Urkurag Yonis''' **********Adan Urkurag ***********Omar Adan ***********Ali Adan ***********Ahmed Adan == Ciise Muuse== ***** Aadan Ciise ****** Jibriil Aadan ******* Mohamoud Jibril ******* Xasan Jibriil ******* Ibraahim Jibriil ******* Ismaaciil Jibriil ***** Abokor Ciise ******Hasan Abokor *******Balle Hasan *******Muse Hasan ***** Idarys Ciise ****** cabdi waadhor ******* reer daahir ******* reer hayaan ****** Cali waadhor ***** Maxamed Ciise ****** Mukhtaar Maxamed ****** Xasan Maxamed ******* Jibriil Maxamed ******** Cumar Jibriil ******** Abokor Jibriil ******** Yoonis Jibriil ******** Muuse Jibril ********* Cali Muuse ********** Iidle Ali (Rer Iidle) ********** Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal) ********** Wacays Cali (Reer Wacays) ********** Abane Ali (Reer Abane) ********** Had Cali (Reer Had) ********** Xildid Cali (Reer Hildid) ******* Cabdiraxmaan Muuse ******* Abdulle Muuse ******** Cabdalle Cabdulle (Cabdalle Qoyan) ******** Xasan Cabdulle ********* Axmed Xasan (Dhogori) ********* Deriyahan Xasan == Tirooyin caan ah oo saameyn ku leh == * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska.]] * weriye-qoraa Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay Al Jazeera English sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh ITV News]] Beeshu waxay soo saartay qaar ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu caansan uguna saameynta badan taariikhda Soomaalida, kuwaas oo hoos ku taxan: * Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Cali Kooshin, oo ah suldaanka guud ee guud ee maanta beelaha Ciise Musse . * [[Cabdilahi Timocade|Cabdillaahi Suldaan Maxamed Timacade]], oo loo yaqaan "Timacade", oo ah gabyaa caan ah xilliyadii ka hor iyo ka dib gumeystihii * Abdulrahim Abby Farah, Kaaliyaha Xoghayaha-Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay 1979–1990 iyo Wakiilka Joogtada ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya u fadhiya Qaramada Midoobay 1965–1972. * Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid, Waa Duqa hada ee [[Hargeysa|Caasimada Hargeysa]], caasimada Jamhuuriyadda [[Somaliland]] . * Cabdishakuur Ciddin Waa Duqa hadda ee magaalo-madaxda [[Berbera]] ee [[Saaxil|Saaxil,]] Gobolka [[Saaxil|Somaliland]] . * [[Cabdulmajid Xuseen|Abdul Majid Hussein]], Dhaqaaleyahan, Wakiilkii hore ee Joogtada ahaa ee Ethiopia u fadhiyey Qaramada Midoobay, 2001-2004. Hogaamiyihii xisbiga Ethiopian Somali Democratic League (ESDL) ee deegaanka [[Soomaali Galbeed|Soomaalida]] [[Itoobiya]] intii u dhaxeysay 1995-2001. * Axmed Maxamed Gulaid, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Ururkii [[SNM|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed,]] wuxuuna ahaa qofkii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto guddoomiyaha ururka Oktoobar 1981. * Axmad Girri bin Xusain, lammaanaha midig ee Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Ahmed Guray]] ) iyo [[Imaam Axmed Guray|jeneraal]] sare oo reer [[Saldanadii Cadal|Adal ah]] oo hogaamiya ciidan fara badan oo ka dhan ah boqortooyadii Abasiiniya . * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawke]], Suugaanyahan Soomaaliyeed oo weriye ah oo idaacadda ka hadla. Wuxuu ahaa ruug-caddaa ka tirsanaa BBC World Service, Codka Mareykanka, TV-ga Qaranka Somaliland, [[Horn Cable TV|Telefishanka Horn Cable]], [[Radio Muqdisho]] iyo Universal TV sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa afhayeenkii madaxweynihii hore ee [[Siyaad Barre]] xilligii [[Siyaad Barre|dowladdii]] Milatariga ahayd . <ref name="Ahmed Hasan Awke">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216030219/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/somaliland-prominent-somali-journalist-ahmed-hasan-awke-passes-away-in-jigjiga/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Axmed Yasiin|Axmed Yuusuf Yaasiin]], wuxuu ahaa [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland|Madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka Somaliland]] intii u dhexaysay 2002 ilaa 2010. iyo Guddoomiyihii Labaad ee xisbiga UDUB. * Cali Cabdi Faarax, Wasiirkii hore ee Isgaarsiinta iyo Dhaqanka ee [[Jabuuti]] * Ali Feiruz, ayaa ku dabaaldegay fanaaninta [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee [[Jabuuti]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]] * Gaarriye (wuxuu dhashay Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac), abwaan caan ah oo curiyay mid ka mid ah gabayada ugu caansan af soomaaliga ee ku saabsan mowduuca dib u heshiisiinta, "Hagarlaawe". * [[Xuseen Bisad|Hussain Bisad]], waa mid ka mid ah ragga adduunka ugu dheer, waa 2.32 m (7&nbsp;ft 7 1⁄2 gudaha). Wuxuu leeyahay taako gacmeedka ugu weyn ee qof nool. * Ibraahim Dheere, Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay bilyaneerkii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed iyo qof [[Soomaalida|Soomaali ah oo]] adduunka ugu taajirsan oo hantidiisa lagu qiyaasay 1.8 bilyan oo Doollarka Mareykanka ah. <ref name="Ibrahim Dheere">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2018-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124005650/http://www.somalilandinformer.com/somaliland/breaking-ibrahim-dheere-tycoon-passes-away-in-djibouti/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * Ismaaciil Axmed, milkiilaha iyo agaasimaha guud ee WorldRemit oo ka mid ah shirkadaha xawaaladaha ugu xawliga badan adduunka, waxaana loo arkaa ninka 7aad ee ugu saameynta badan Britain. <ref name="Ismael Ahmed">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |access-date=2021-01-16 |archive-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102170310/https://www.worldremit.com/en/about-us/management-team |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Maxamed Cigaal|Muxammad Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal]], oo ah siyaasi halyeey [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] . Raiiselwasaarihi ugu horeeyey [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|ee Soomaaliya]] : 1960, 1967 - 1969. [[Madaxwaynaha Somaliland|Madaxweynaha Somaliland]], 1993–2002. * Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin 'Ogsadey', oo ah maalqabeen ganacsade Soomaaliyeed ah kuna nool dalka Itoobiya, halkaas oo uu ka aasaasay MAO Harar Horse, oo ah shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee Afrikaan ah ee dhoofisa kafeega isla markaana uruurisay hanti ku dhow $ 3 Billion oo Birta [[Birr (lacag)|Itoobiya ah]] . * Maxamed Cabdullaahi Oomaar, wasiirkii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Soomaaliya * Maxamed Xasan C / laahi, oo hore u ahaa Madaxa Shaqaalaha ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida]] ee [[Ciidamada Somaliland|Somaliland]] * British afar jeer ku guuleystay billadaha dahabka Olombikada iyo orodyahanka ugu quruxda badan taariikhda ciyaaraha fudud ee Ingiriiska. Waxaa sidoo kale loo tixgeliyaa inuu yahay orodyahanka adduunka ugu wanaagsan ee maaratoonka. * Cabdi Haybe Laampad Ruug-caddaa Majaajiliiste Soomaaliyeed oo ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee abid ugu wanaagsanaa. * Maxamed Cumar Carte, Raiisul Wasaare kuxigeenkii hore ee Soomaaliya. * Muxammad Xawaadle Madar, [[Ra'iisul wasaarayaashii Soomaaliya|Raiisul wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya]] intii u dhaxeysay 3-dii Sebtember 1990-kii illaa 24-kii Janaayo 1991 * [[Muuse Biixi|Muuse Biixi Cabdi]], sarkaal hore oo militari ah wuxuu soo qabtay Gaashaanle Sare ee Ciidanka Cirka Soomaaliya iyo tan iyo bishii Diseembar 2017. Madaxweynaha Hada Jira [[Somaliland]] . * Nuux Ismaaciil Taani, oo hadda ah Taliyaha Shaqaalaha ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Somaliland * Soomaali-British ah; Wariyihii hore ee [[BBC]] arrimaha adduunka; u raray qoraal cusub oo ku soo baxay [[Al Jazeera English]] sanadkii 2006; laga bilaabo sanadka 2017 waxaa leh [[Wararka ITV|ITV News]] * [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Umar Arteh Ghalib]], [[Cumar Carte Qaalib|Raiisel]] Wasaarihii hore ee Soomaaliya, 1991–1993; wuxuu keenay Soomaaliya [[Jaamacada Carabta|Jaamacadda Carabta]] 1974 xilligii uu ahaa Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee Soomaaliya, 1969-1977; madaxweynihii hore ee Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay; macalin iyo abwaan * [[Sheekh Madar|Sheekh Madar Axmed Shirwac]], oo lagu tiriyey koritaankii hore ee Hargeysa == Tixraacyo == [[Category:Somaliland]] [[Category:Isaaq]] [[Category:Taariikhda Somaliland]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 861l9xkmmrf0idp5iaeav7d1ycdt5c6 0 33019 276830 213822 2025-07-10T22:24:04Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Nabadsuge]] 276830 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nabadsuge]] nwisn3t28olfc57pjbxasdwjw6zynpy 0 33020 276829 213819 2025-07-10T22:23:54Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Nabadsuge]] 276829 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nabadsuge]] nwisn3t28olfc57pjbxasdwjw6zynpy 1 33021 276834 213821 2025-07-10T22:24:44Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Talk:Nabadsuge]] 276834 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Talk:Nabadsuge]] qlp8sq3s8s6xs39pj0hdkwg6ulpbpeh 0 33135 276836 215120 2025-07-11T06:15:37Z 197.231.201.200 276836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Maya Jama|image=Maya Jama 1.jpg|caption=Jama ee 2018|alt=|birth_name=Maya Indea Jama|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1994|08|14|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bristol]], Ingiriiska|nationality=|other_names=|occupation=Telefishan iyo soo -jeediyaha raadiyaha|years_active=2012–hada|known_for=|notable_works=}} '''Maya Indea Jama''' ([[Help:IPA/English|/ˈmaɪə ˈdʒɑːmə/]], [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|MEYE-ə JAM-ə]]; dhashay 14 Agoosto 1994) waa telefishan iyo soo -jeediyaha raadiyaha Ingiriiska, waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa Soomaaliya dhinaca aabbaheed, halka Iswiidhan ay ka soo jeeddo dhinaca hooyadeed. == Nolosha hore == Jama wuxuu ku dhashay kuna barbaaray Bristol, halkaas oo ay ku dhigatay Dugsiga Cotham.<ref>[https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/maya-jama-school-yearbook-stardom-1235020 "'She got detentions but you couldn't not like her' Maya Jama's schooldays"]. ''BristolLive''.</ref> Waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa Soomaaliya dhinaca aabbaheed, Iswiidhan waa hooyadeed.<ref>[https://extra.ie/2020/04/12/entertainment/movies-tv/all-round-to-mrs-browns-maya-jama "All Round to Mrs Brown's viewers ALL said the same thing about Maya Jama's mum"]. ''Extra.ie''.</ref> Hooyadeed, Sadie, waxay ahayd 19 jir markii ay umushay Jaamac, waxayna ugu magac dartay qoraa iyo gabayaa Maraykan ah Maya Angelou.{{cn|date=June 2021}} Waxay kaloo leedahay walaal Cumar.<ref name="theguardian-17">[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/sep/16/maya-jama-what-made-my-dad-a-bad-man "Maya Jama: What made my dad a 'bad' man?"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> Aabaha Jama wuxuu ku jiray xabsiga inta badan carruurnimadeeda, dambiyo la xiriira rabshado sida gacan ka hadal iyo dagaal. Da'da 12, waxay go'aansatay inay joojiso booqashada aabaheed ee xabsiga waxayna toban sano ka horjoogsatay fikirkeeda.<ref name="theguardian-17" /><ref name="theguardian-20">[https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jun/17/maya-jama-i-shouldnt-be-where-i-am-now "Maya Jama: 'I shouldn't be where I am now'"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> == Nolosha shaqsiyeed == Sannadkii 2018, faallo uu Jama sameeyey markii ay ahayd 17 jir ayaa soo baxay, taas oo si faahfaahsan uga qoslisay tweet-kii ay ku jeesjeesay dumarka madow ee madow. Ka dib markii lagu eedeeyay midab -kala -sooc, waxay raaligelin ka bixisay, iyadoo sheegtay inay ahayd "ilmo jaahiliin ah, oo doqon ah" markii la soo dhigay baraha bulshada 2012.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-44224309 "Maya Jama: I was 'ignorant' for mocking dark-skinned black women"]. ''BBC News''.</ref> waxayna ma tashaa filimanta anshax xumada == Tixraacyada == <references /> ilc4cefvknkzc7luaaqckl31fzafpx9 276837 276836 2025-07-11T06:17:24Z 197.231.201.200 276837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Maya Jama|image=Maya Jama 1.jpg|caption=Jama ee 2018|alt=|birth_name=Maya Indea Jama|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1994|08|14|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bristol]], Ingiriiska|nationality=|other_names=|occupation=Telefishan iyo soo -jeediyaha raadiyaha|years_active=2012–hada|known_for=|notable_works=}} '''Maya Indea Jama''' ([[Help:IPA/English|/ˈmaɪə ˈdʒɑːmə/]], [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|MEYE-ə JAM-ə]]; dhashay 14 Agoosto 1994) waa telefishan iyo soo -jeediyaha raadiyaha Ingiriiska, waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa Soomaaliya dhinaca aabbaheed, halka Iswiidhan ay ka soo jeeddo dhinaca hooyadeed. == Nolosha hore == Jama wuxuu ku dhashay kuna barbaaray Bristol, halkaas oo ay ku dhigatay Dugsiga Cotham.<ref>[https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/maya-jama-school-yearbook-stardom-1235020 "'She got detentions but you couldn't not like her' Maya Jama's schooldays"]. ''BristolLive''.</ref> Waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaa Soomaaliya dhinaca aabbaheed, Iswiidhan waa hooyadeed.<ref>[https://extra.ie/2020/04/12/entertainment/movies-tv/all-round-to-mrs-browns-maya-jama "All Round to Mrs Brown's viewers ALL said the same thing about Maya Jama's mum"]. ''Extra.ie''.</ref> Hooyadeed, Sadie, waxay ahayd 19 jir markii ay umushay Jaamac, waxayna ugu magac dartay qoraa iyo gabayaa Maraykan ah Maya Angelou.{{cn|date=June 2021}} Waxay kaloo leedahay walaal Cumar.<ref name="theguardian-17">[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/sep/16/maya-jama-what-made-my-dad-a-bad-man "Maya Jama: What made my dad a 'bad' man?"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> Aabaha Jama wuxuu ku jiray xabsiga inta badan carruurnimadeeda, dambiyo la xiriira rabshado sida gacan ka hadal iyo dagaal. Da'da 12, waxay go'aansatay inay joojiso booqashada aabaheed ee xabsiga waxayna toban sano ka horjoogsatay fikirkeeda.<ref name="theguardian-17" /><ref name="theguardian-20">[https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jun/17/maya-jama-i-shouldnt-be-where-i-am-now "Maya Jama: 'I shouldn't be where I am now'"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> == Nolosha shaqsiyeed == Sannadkii 2018, faallo uu Jama sameeyey markii ay ahayd 17 jir ayaa soo baxay, taas oo si faahfaahsan uga qoslisay tweet-kii ay ku jeesjeesay dumarka madow ee madow. Ka dib markii lagu eedeeyay midab -kala -sooc, waxay raaligelin ka bixisay, iyadoo sheegtay inay ahayd "ilmo jaahiliin ah, oo doqon ah" markii la soo dhigay baraha bulshada 2012.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-44224309 "Maya Jama: I was 'ignorant' for mocking dark-skinned black women"]. ''BBC News''.</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> m3oblnwvxx21relfn6aztr1v6vwx1iq 0 36203 276809 276409 2025-07-10T18:38:31Z Dabayl 12159 /* Dhulka ay degaan reeryoonis. */ 276809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sandalada habarjeclo reer yoonis.jpg]] {{Farac||group=REER YOONIS <br> رير يونس|flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region3={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]]|rels=[[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]])|related-c= [[biciide]], [[bahmajeelo]],[[buraale yoonis]], [[maxamed barre]], [[cali barre]], [[uduruxmiin muuse]], [[idarays muuse]] and other [[Muuse Abokor]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}}'''[[Reeryoonis]] yoonis''' ( [[Af-Ingiriisi]] '''REER YUNUS''' , [[Af-Carabi]] رير يونس , Magaca Oo Dhamaystiran: ''1-yoonis 2- yoonis 3- Cabdiraxmaan 4-muuse 5- abokor 6- jibrill 7- muuse 8- sh isxaaq'' ; sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''REER YOONIS''', ama '''Saldanada habar jeclo''' ) waa beel weyn oo Soomaaliyeed oo ka tirsan qoyska guud ee [[habarjeclo|beelweynta [[muuse abokor]], waxaana loo sii kala qaybiyay dhawr beelood oo ay ugu waaweyn yihiin [[maxamed yoonis]] iyo [[cismaan yoonis]]. <ref>Ciise Musse|Ciise Muuse</ref>.waxaana lagu qiyaasa ama ay ka kooban yihiin 120,000 oo qof waxayna ka tirsan yihiim beela weynta [[Muuse Abokor|muse abokor]]. [[Reeryoonis]] dhaqan ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay reer [[Reer guuraa|guuraa]] [[Xoolo|xoolaley]] , dadka [[Xeeb|xeebta]] deggan, [[Ganacsi|ganacsato]] iyo [[beeraley]] . Reer yoonis saameyn siyaasadeed iyo dhaqaale oo miisaan badan ayuu ku leeyahay [[Somaliland]], waxayna degan yihiin dhul xeebeed iyo dhul beereed ku fadhiya ilaa 18,000 KM square ah, Reer Yoonis waa midkamida beelaha [[Habar Jeclo|habarjeclo]] kuwa ugu balaadhan uguna saameynta badan waana [[Saldanadii Ajuuraan|saldanada]] habarjeclo beelaha reeryoonis oo dega dhul aad u kala fog sida nugaal saraar guban xeeb bariga ilaa howdka dushiisa beeshu waxay degtaa wadanka somaliland gaar ahaan gobolada Togdheer Saraar Sool saaxil iyo sanaag waxaana kasoojeeda rag badan oo magac iyo maamuusba kulaha taarikhda somalida waxana kamid suldaan cali muuse oo ahaa suldaanki ugu [[Reeryoonis|horeyay]] ee habarjeclo yeelato iyo wilkisa oo hada ah suldaanka habarjeclo suldaan cabdilahi suldaan cali waxa kalo kasoo jeeda kite fiqi oo aha abanduule inbadan tarikhdisa aad maqashen oo hogaminjiray colki soocane ee reeryonis , iyo abaanduule Caateeye Afkubo oo kamid ahaa raggii hogaamiyaasha ahaa ee talinayay waayo badan ilaa dabayaqadi qarnigi tagay. [[Ceelka caynaba]] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF2NGVJld2o [[Xaafada cuqubo ee magaalada burco]] ==qaybaha ay u kala baxaaan reeryoonis== *1- [[Reeryoonis]] *yoonis *yoonis *2- [[Cismaan yoonis]] *2- [[maxamed yoonis]] *2- [[maxamed yoonis]] *3- [[looge maxamed]] *3- [[allamagan maxamed]] *3- [[looge maxamed]] *4- Faahiye looge *4- maxamed looge *3- Liibaan maxamed *4- -Abtidoon liiban *4- Hagar liiban *4- Hagar liiban *5- Shire hagar (reer shire) *4- -Abtidoon liiban *5- Abokor abtidoon(reer abokor) *5- Muuuse abtidoon *5- Muuuse abtidoon *6- Faarax muuse(Faarax Jabane) *6- Samatar muuse(Rer Samatar) *6- Guuleed muuse *6- Reer Guutaale muuse *3- [[allamagan maxamed]] *4-[[Hayiile Allamagan]] *4-[[Siciid Allamagan(reer siciid)]] *4-[[Kaliil allamagan]] *4-[[Xildiid Allamagan]] '''''(reer siciid)''''' siciid alamagan 🕳️muuse siciid 🕳️xasan siciid 🕳️ iiman siciid **4-Xildiid Allamagan *5-Wacays xildiid *5-Gadiid Xildiid *5-Gadiid Xildiid *6-Cali Gadiid *6-Colow Gadiid *6-Geedi Gadiid *6-Geedi Gadiid *7-Reer Faarax Geedi *7-Reer Faarax Geedi *8-Reer yuusuf faarax *8-Qodax faarax *8-Cartan faarax *8-Girni faarax *8-Salebaan faarax *8-Alaale Faarax *8-Ismacil faarax *8-Muuse faarax *2- [[Cismaan yoonis]] *3-[[maxamed cismaan]] *3- [[Bare Cismaan (reer bare)]] *4- axmed barre *4- barkad bare *4- faahiye bare *3- [[maxamed cismaan]] **4- [[cali maxamed]] **4- [[wacays maxamed (baale yaal)]] *4- [[cali maxamed]] **5- ibraahim cali **5- siciid cali **5- sahal cali **5- cabdi cali *[[wacays maxamed (baale yaal)]] **5- cilmi baal **5- caafi baale **5- samatar baale **5- muuse baale == Dhulka ay degaan reeryoonis. == '''Gobolka Togdheer''' 1 [[Burco]] 2 [[Fiqi ayuub]] 3 [[Jablehe]] 4 [[Higlo]] 5 [[Warta xooga]] i 6 [[degmada madaxyaweyn]] 7 [[Bali buraale]] 8 [[kaam reer colow]] 9 [[bali hayiile]] 7 Xood 8 Xayira 9 [[wiriir]] 10 [[food cadde]] '''Gobolka Saaxil''' 1 [[Berbera]] 2 Laasciidle 3 Beeyo-macaan 4 Gaha 5 Eldarad 6 [[Karin]] 7 [[Raaribuul]] 8 [[Conqor]] 9 [[Ceelbaxay]] 9 Gambaxo '''Gobolka-Sool/Saraar''' 1.Degmada [[Caynaba]] 2 .[[Habariheshay|Habari Heshay]] 3.[[Ceeldhaab]] 4.[[Buqdharkayn]] 5.Deg.[[War Idaad|Waridaad]] 6 Ceeldhaab 7 Deg. [[Dhanaano]] 8 Tukub 9 [[Barkada cali xirsi]] 10 Dhudhub Dhiilo 11 Kurwadne 12 Ceelahelay 13 Ceegaaar 14. Dhadhin Wiyileed 15.Dhoobaweyne 16.Dhallaamacune 17.Ballaadhis 18.Bali Godcarmo 19.Wiriir 20.Kalabaydh 21.Bali Cilmi 22.Balli Cali 23.Berkedda Gosha 24.Karinka Cabdi Xasan 25.Barqomaal 26.Deg.Ceelal 27.Xundhurgaal 28.Caromadow 29.Mashruuca 30.Muguca 31.Qoridheere 32.Gumburo Xanaageeyo Gobolka sanaag 1 laasmuuse 2 Baylah male 3. Haadla' 4. [[Ballanbaal]] 5.Ceel Cadde 6. Soddonley == Mujaahidinta beelaha Reeryoonis == Mujaahidiintii beelaha Rer yoonis inta an ka hayo wa intan waxase jira mujaahidiin kale o an cidi magacooda xafidin alle how naxariisto indhii dhimatay inta noola alle cimriga how dheereye 1. Muj : Saleebaan Maxamed Salaad ( reer-yoonis Cali Maxamed) 2. Muj : Abwaan aadan tarabi ( ree-yoonis cali maxamed) 3. muj : Aw-Cumar Ahmed Diriiye ( reer-yoonis reer barre) 4.Muj: Maxamed haybe x.ismaciil ( Reer-yoonis baale waceys caafi baale ) 5. Muj : Xuseen Saleeban Tarabi Ogle (Ifiso) (reer-yoonis Muuse baale) 6.Muj : korneel Xasan maxamed siciid (halataa) ( reer-yoonis reer bare) 7. Muj : Iliga dhiiga (reer-yoonis Allamagan) 8. Muj : siigo cir ( reer-yoonis looge) 9. Muj : Yuusuf jamac dirac Caqar (reer-yoonis Reer bare) 10. Muj : ilma jaamac ducaale mataanaha (Reer-yoonis Alamagan hayiinle) 11. Muj : indha case ( reer-yoonis Allamagan reer siciid) 12. Muj : Suufi ( reer-yoonis allamagan) 13. Muj : Cawil Xaashi Cali geri ( reer-yoonis cali maxamed) 14. Muj : Maxamuud Ayaanle Cartan ( reer-yoonis cali maxamed) 15. Muj : Qaliif sandheere ( reer yoonis bale wacays Musa Baale) 16. Muj : salaad jaamac diiriye baraar reer yoonis baale wacays cilmi baale 17. Muj : Cali Dirir xirsi reer yoonis baale wacays cilmi baale 18. Muj : biiq jareeye reer yoonis cali maxamed 19. Muj: cabdi dheere reer yoonis cali maxamed 20. Muj: Cisaaman Cabdillahi Siciid ( cismaan dheere) ( Reeryonis muuse baale) 21. Muj: Hurre xirsi gaani reer yoonis Reer Bare 22. Muj: Kayse Bigeeye reeryoonis muuse baale 23. Muj: Barre gadhyare Cilmi baale 24. Muj: Bilibili reer yoonis reer bare 25. Muj: tagoogo ina guuleed reer yoonis cali maxamed 26. Muj: aadan maxamed gabal reer yoonis cali maxamed 27. Daahir bidaar Maxamed warsame reer yoonis cali maxamed 28. Muj: aadan gefershe reer yoonis cali maxamed 29. Muj: isgal dubad cismaan reer yoonis cali maxamed 30. Muj: Qaaqani reer yoonis Rer bare 31. Muj: camiraaye reer yoonis cali maxamed 32. Muj: Tarabi Ogle Faarax muuse baale 33. Muj: cabdulaahi bulaale khayre reer yoonis cali maxamed 34. Muj: axmed bile caateeye (sanburo) reer yoonis cali maxamed 35. Muj: gowre reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 36. Muj: Yuusuf cali madoobe reer yoonis allamagan 37. Muj: cali geedi reer yoonis Allamagan 38. Muj: Laba iyo luqun reer yoonis reer barre 39. Muj: iskoris reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 40. Muj: hure ciise reer yoonis baale wacays caafi baale 39. Muj: maxamuud wadhaf looge maxamed 40. muj. amare Siciid cawl reer yoonis Cilmi baale 41. muj.Amare Cabdilaahi Dirir reer yoonis C.maxamed 42.Muj. Maxamed Maxamoud Xasan (sakaaro) reer yoonis cali 43. Muj.saleebaan cirro Cali waqooyi reer yoonis reer barre 44.Muj. Daud Axmed Hankar Reer yoonis Reer barre 45. bisad Daahir Qodax Reer Yonis Reer Barre 46.Muj. Axmed Cali Saxar (Tx)reer yoonis Alla magan 47. Muj jama Cali Saxar Reer yoonis alla magan 48. Muj. cabdi Geele Cagoole reer Yoonis Reer barre 49.Muj.Salebaan Diiriye Jibriil Reer yoonis Reer barre 50. Muj. maxamed Cumar (Wadhaa) reer Yoonis cali maxamed 51. Muj.Cirguje cilmi Falan Reer yoonis samatar baale 52. Muj. max'ed Saleban Jama (afweyne) reer yoonis cali maxamed 53.Muj.yuusuf jama nuur (Xodha) reer yoonis Muuse baale 54.Muj.Xarbi samatar Daqare reer yoonis Alla magan 55. Muj. Bile Jama Geedi reer yoonis Looge max'ed 56. Muj.Cawale Galaal Reer yoonis Alla magan 57. Muj. Cali Dirir Cali Reer yoonis Cali Maxamed 58. Muj. Haybe obsiinye Dhunkaal Reer yoonis reer barre 59.Muj. Xaaji Jaamac siciid Rer yoonis muuse baale 60. Muj. Caqil Cismaan Caano-nuug Reer yoonis caafi baale 61.Muj. Caqil Cabdi Caano-nuug Reer yoonis Caafi baale 62. Muj. c/laahi Jama Siciid Baydari Reer yoonis Cilmi baale 63. Muj.Gacan Cabilaahi Tukub Reer yoonis Cilmi baale 64. Muj. ibraahim cawil dhegonaw Taransite reer yonis Cali Maxamed 65. Muj. biindhe reer yoonis cilmi baale 66. Muj. Mursal Xaji Warsame Reer yoonis Reer Barre 67. Muj. Max'ud Saleban Jamac Baago Reer yoonis cali Maxamed 68. Cabdi Jama Magan reer Yoonis Caafi Baale 69. Aadan Ismaaciil Jamac jeenicade Rer yoonis Cali maxamed 70. Muj. Siciid Maxamed Dawaare muuse Baale 71. Muj nuux jaamac maxamed (nuux bidaar) [[looge maxamed]] 72. Muj siciid diiriye looge maxamed 73. Muj axmed ismacil haburburin [[looge maxamed]] 74. Muj calanle muuse maxamed [[Looge maxamed]] 75. Mujaahid maxamud ibraahim cadaan weyne [[Looge maxamed]] Ragaaasi dhamaan waxay ahaayeen ragii halaa dagaaladii ad adka e snm gashay : hadaba ku darso hadad hayso mujaahidiin muhiimo an ka tegey ama ilaawey :...........................................................................● == culimada ugu caansan iyo siyaasi hiinta beelaha Reeryoonis == 1: SH [[Cali Warsame]] sheekhal baladki magalada burco, 2: SH SICIID DUCAALE (AW SALAWAAD), 3. Dr Sh. Xasan Sheikh Cali Warsame, 4. Sh cabdi wahaab xaashi sheekha daawenta diinta iskamka geeska afrika, Siyaasiyiinta Caanka ah Ee Reer Yoonis 1.wasiir hore Ali saeed raygal 2.Wasiir Cismaan Abdilahi Jama ( Saylici) 2. AHN 3.[[korneyl Xasan Cabdi Khayre]] 4. AHN Wasiir Hore Abdilaahi Cali Ibaahim 5. Wasiir/Xildhibaan Maxamed Cabdi Xayir (mareeye) 6. Wasiir Hore Hinda Jaamac Xirsi Gaani 7. wasiir Salebaan Warsame Guuleed 8. Abdalle Ali saeed U doodaha Xuquuqda aadanaha Xildhibaanada Reer Yoonis 1.Ex Xil:Ibraahim Axmed Raygal (2005-2021) 2. AHN Ex Xil: Aadan Tarabi Oogle (2005-2013) 3. AHN Ex Xil:Faarax Maxamoud Abdulle (2005-2022) 4.AHN Ex Xil: Foodcade Cali Xasar (1993-2005) 5. AHN Ex Xil. Cismaan Maxamoud Jama (dawiil) 1991-2008 6.Xil. Cawil Cismaan Maxamoud (ina Dawiil)(2008-....) 7.Xil:Mustafe Axmed Cabdilahi (khayreeye)(2021..) 8. Xil: Maxamuud Xayir Ducaale (2021......) 9. Xil:Axmed Muuse Jaamac (2021...) '''Halgamaasha Caanka Ah Ee Reer Yoonis ''' 1. ibraahim Fiqi Yuusuf (Kitte) 2:Xeerbeegti Barre Maxamud Maxed (Barre gadh-dheere) 4.Xeer-beegti Cabdi Xasan aadan (cabdi kidaar) 5. Jaamac Warsame aadan (abaar) 6. Abaan duule [[Caateeye (afkubo)|caateeye afkubo]] == Fanka iyo Reeryoonis == '''Fanaaniinta Reer Yoonis''' 1. [[Saafi Ducaale Dhagaxay]] 3.Cabdi jaamac Diiriye (raamboo) 4. Sabirine Muuse 5. Abdale bidixo 6. Khadar rambo 6. Hibaaq Maxamed Cabdirisaaq mahdi ducaale == Ganacsatada Caanka Ah Ee Beesha Reer Yoonis == 1.[[Cabdi Indhadeero|Cabdi Cawed Cali (Indhadeero )]] alle haw Naxariisto 2. biyayse Alle haw naxariisto 3. Calanle Muuse Maxamed alle haw naxariistee 4. Cabdi Aadan Cismaan 5. Cabdi Cabdilaahi Warsame SH. Abdulhanan Ibrahim Warsame 6. Cabdirashiid Salaad Rooble <references />7. Dr Maxamed SH Ali Warsame 8. Cadnan Maxamad Casaayr 9 . Saleeban Dheere 10. Shiine bushaaro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YF2NGVJld2o [[Muuse Abokor]] hsbyonk563vpnedezew7knq7gwq05ny 0 39935 276832 259274 2025-07-10T22:24:24Z EmausBot 2224 Hagaajin u rogid labalaaban ee [[Tobaneeyad]] 276832 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tobaneeyad]] 9j67gd8rdmu3k13ry5mx56q4ivb0852 0 40326 276822 276803 2025-07-10T19:44:42Z A09 27259 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii oo sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/154.115.251.92|154.115.251.92]] ([[User talk:154.115.251.92|talk]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 275788 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Deegaanka== Habaryoonis waa qabiilka ugu faraha badan qabiilyoonka Isaaqa (44%)uguna magaca muruqa weyn beelaha soomaaliyeed. Habaryoonis waxay degaan 5 gobol inta u dhaxatsa [[Hargeysa]] [[Burco]] [[Ceerigaabo]] [[Berbera]] sheekh [[Oodwayne]] [[ceelafweyn]] oog [[maydh]],iyo gabolka Shanaad xagga [[Ethiopia]] waxay degaan dhulka ugu ballaadhan ee ay soomaalidu ka degto, marka laga reebo dhulka Ogaadeenka ,waxay habaryoonis oo kala baxda qabiilada sida: [[Muuse Carre]] [[Muuse Ismaaciil]] [[Xirsi Cismaan ]] [[Isaxaaq]] [[Muuse Cabdalle ]] [[Sacadyoonis]] Cali Siciid Reer Xuseen Cilmi Adam(Reer Cilmi) Ugaadh Cumar Ba dhulbahante Gunbuur Idreys Baha Ismaaciil ==Tacliinta iyo Suugaanta== Habaryoonis waa qabiilka ugu gabyaaga badan qabiilooyinka soomaaliyeed. Sidoo kale hoobaladii caanka ahaa ee soomaalida intooda badani (near 50%) waxay ahaayeen Habaryoonis. Sidoo kale halabuurkii qaranka ee allifa heesaha iyo riwaayadaha soomaalida more than 40% waxay ka dhasheen qabiilooyinka Habaryoonis.waxaana ka dhashay nimankii ugu tacliinta sare ee soomaaliyeed sida: Aabihi taclinta [[Maxamuud axmed cali ]] [[Xaji yuusuf qabile ]] [[Cali sugule duncarbeed]] [[Qaasin]] [[Axmed Saleebaan Bidde]] Ismaaciil Cagaf [[Xaaji aadan afqalooc]] [[Ibrahim Gadhle]] ==Caafimaadka== beesha Habaryoonis waxa kaso jeeda dhakhaatirta ugu waxtarka badan dhulka somalida sida: Dr Gaboose Dr Shiine (manhal hospital ) Dr Maxamed xassan ( Dr waddnaha ) Dr Raamboo Dr: Tuke Dr Aw koombe ==Halgankii== beesha Habaryoonis waxa kaso jeeda ragi la kulmay ciidamadi Boqor [[Diiriye Guure]] ee halganka kula jiray gumaystihi ingiriska waxana kamid aha : Darwiish Cabdi dheere suldan nuur axmed amaan, goobtii ugu horeysa ay diyaaradii ingriiska duqayso waxay ahayd qalcadii midhisho ee ciidamada beesha muuse ismaaciil HY ku sugnayeen. Kadib jabkii ingriiska wuxuu ku warejiyay maamulida dhulka somaliland xaaji [[muuse faarax igarre]] (ina igarre) ahana ninki garaadtooyada Diiriye Guure jabiyay kadib. beesha Habaryoonis waa beeshi aasastay ururski hubaysna ee SNM ugu sarakisha badnayd sido kale waa beesha laba jeer gudoomiye ka noqotay SNM gudoomiye cabdiqaadir koosaar iyo gudoomiye [[abdirahman ahmed ali Tuur]] Ahaana madaxweynihi xoreyey [[Somaliland ]]1991. Ninki ugu horeyay ee asasay ururka SNM waa general maxamed cali 1980. ==Ganacsiga== Habaryoonis waxa kaso jeeda ganacsata ugu baladhan dhulka soomalida Sida aamina xirsi mooge oo kamida tujaarta qaarada afrika, Sido kale waxa kaso jeda ganacsadaha wayn ee xaaji aadan baradho oo ah nin xoolaha ugu badan ka dhoofiya geeska africa, shirkada diyaaradaha daallo iyo tujaar caan ahaa sida biregeye, dawaare ,miyateyn, cali warsame, isaxaaq suufi ,ina iimaan. ==Tixraac== https://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=1002{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} https://www.somalinet.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=403114 https://www.hoygasuugaanta.com/Taariikh.htm n788kr1mygssy0xkewnlg67j5t6rf0d 0 41778 276808 276707 2025-07-10T15:18:15Z EmausBot 2224 Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q17054345]] 276808 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Liiska madaxda gobolada Hindiya == === Dinasti Mamluk Delhi (1206–1290) === * Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206-1210) * Aram Shah (1210-1211) * Syams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236) * Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236) * Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240) * Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242) * Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246) * Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266) * Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286) * Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290) * Shamsuddin Kayumars (1290) === Dinasti Khalji (1290–1320) === * Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (1290–1296) * [[Alauddin Khalji]] (1296–1316) * Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316–1320) * Khusro Khan (1320) === Dinasti Tughlaq (1321–1414) === * Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq I (1321–1325) * Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I (1325–1351) * Muhammad Shah Tughuluq II (1351–1388) * Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389) * Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390) * Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394) * Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413) Setelah invasi [[Timur Lenk]] pada tahun 1398, gubernur [[Multan]], Khizr Khan menggantikan dinasti Tughlaq pada tahun 1414. === Dinasti Sayyid (1414–1451) === * Khizr Khan (1414–1421) * Mubarak Shah (1421–1434) * Muhammad Shah (1434–1445) * Alam Shah (1445–1451) === Dinasti Lodi (1451–1526) === * Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451–1489) * Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517) * Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526), dikalahkan oleh [[Babur]] (yang menggantikan Kesultanan Delhi dengan [[Kesultanan Mughal|Kesultanan Mugha]]<nowiki/>l ) === Daftar Kaisar Mughal === {| style="width:100%;" class="wikitable" ! style="background:#f0dc88; width:9%;"| Nama Tituler ! style="background:#f0dc88; width:15%;"| Nama Lahir ! style="background:#f0dc88; width:9%;"| [[Nama anumerta|Nama Anumerta]] ! style="background:#b0dc88; width:9%;"| Kelahiran ! style="background:#b0dc88; width:15%;"| Memerintah ! style="background:#b0dc88; width:13%;"| Wafat ! style="background:#b0dc28; width:20%;"| Catatan |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Bābur''<br />{{Nastaliq|بابر}} | style="text-align:center;"|[[Babur|Zahir-ud-din Muhammad]]<br />{{Nastaliq|ظہیر الدین محمد}} | style="text-align:center;"|Firdaus Makani<br />فردوس مکانی | style="text-align:center;"|23 Februari 1483 | style="text-align:center;"|30 April 1526 – 26 Desember 1530 | style="text-align:center;"|26 Desember 1530<br />(usia 47) | style="text-align:center;"|Pendiri Kekaisaran |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Humayun''<br />{{Nastaliq|ہمایوں}} | style="text-align:center;"|[[Humayun|Nasir-ud-din Muhammad]] <br />{{Nastaliq|نصیر الدین محمد ہمایوں}} | style="text-align:center;"|Jannat-Ashyani<br />جنت آشیانی | style="text-align:center;"|17 Maret 1508 | style="text-align:center;"|26 Desember 1530 – 17 Mei 1540 <small>(jabatan ke-1)</small> 22 Februari 1555 – 27 Januari 1556 <small>(jabatan ke-2)</small> | style="text-align:center;"|27 Januari 1556<br />(usia 48) | style="text-align:center;"| Humayun dilengserkan pada 1540 oleh [[Sher Shah Suri]] dari [[dinasti Suri]] namun kembali ke tahta pada tahun 1555 setelah kematian [[Islam Shah Suri]] (putra dan penerus Sher Shah Suri). |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Akbar-e-Azam ''<br />{{Nastaliq|اکبر اعظم}} | style="text-align:center;"|[[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad]]<br />{{Nastaliq|جلال الدین محمد اکبر}} | style="text-align:center;"|Arsy-Ashyani<br />ارش آشیانی | style="text-align:center;"|14 Oktober 1542 | style="text-align:center;"|27 Januari 1556 – 27 Oktober 1605 | style="text-align:center;"|27 Oktober 1605<br />(usia 63) | style="text-align:center;"| Ibunya adalah putri raja [[orang Persia|Persia]] [[Hamida Banu Begum]].<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Gulbadan Begum|Begum, Gulbadan]]|title=The History of Humayun (Humayun-Nama)|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society|year=1902|isbn=|pages=237-9}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Jahangir''<br />{{Nastaliq|جہانگیر}} | style="text-align:center;"|[[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim]]<br />{{Nastaliq| نور الدین محمد سلیم}} | style="text-align:center;"|Jannat Makani<br />جنت مکانی | style="text-align:center;"|20 September 1569 | style="text-align:center;"|15 Oktober 1605 – 8 November 1627 | style="text-align:center;"|8 November 1627<br />(usia 58) | style="text-align:center;"|Ibunya adalah putri raja [[Rajput]] [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]].<ref>{{cite book|title=South Asia in World History|author=Marc Jason Gilbert|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2017|page=79|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7OQWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Shah-Jahan-e-Azam''<br />{{Nastaliq|شاہ جہان اعظم}} | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shah Jahan|Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram]]<br />{{Nastaliq|شہاب الدین محمد خرم}} | style="text-align:center;"|Firdaus Ashiyani<br />فردوس آشیانی | style="text-align:center;"|5 Januari 1592 | style="text-align:center;"|8 November 1627 – 2 Agustus 1658 | style="text-align:center;"|22 Januari 1666<br />(usia 74) | style="text-align:center;"|Ibunya adalah putri raja Rajput [[Jagat Gosaini]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Emperor of Hindustan [[Jahangir]]|title=The [[Tuzk-e-Jahangiri|Tuzuk-I-Jahangiri]]; Or, Memoirs of Jahangir Translated by Alexander Rogers Edited by Henry Beveridge|publisher=General Books LLC|year=2010|isbn=978-1-152-49040-6|page=18}}</ref> Membangun [[Taj Mahal]]. |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Alamgir''<br />{{Nastaliq|عالمگیر}} | style="text-align:center;"|[[Aurangzeb|Muhy-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb]] <br />{{Nastaliq|محی الدین محمداورنگزیب }} | style="text-align:center;"|Khuld Makani<br />خلد مکانی | style="text-align:center;"|4 November 1618 | style="text-align:center;"|31 Juli 1658 – 3 Maret 1707 | style="text-align:center;"|3 Maret 1707<br />(usia 88) | style="text-align:center;"|Ibunya adalah putri raja Persia [[Mumtaz Mahal]]. Ia menikahi putri raja Rajput [[Nawab Bai]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Malika|last=Mohammada|title=The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India|publisher=Aakar Books|date=January 1, 2007|pages=300|isbn=978-8-189-83318-3}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Azam Shah'' | style="text-align:center;"|[[Muhammad Azam Shah|Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam]] قطب الدين محمد اعظم | | style="text-align:center;"|28 Juni 1653 | style="text-align:center;"|14 Maret 1707 – 8 Juni 1707 | style="text-align:center;"|8 Juni 1707<br />(usia 53) | style="text-align:center;"| |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Bahadur Shah '' | style="text-align:center;"|[[Bahadur Shah I|Qutb ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam]] قطب الدین محمد معزام | | style="text-align:center;"|14 Oktober 1643 | style="text-align:center;"|19 Juni 1707 – 27 Februari 1712 | style="text-align:center;"|27 Februari 1712<br />(usia 68) | style="text-align:center;"| Ia membuat kesepakatan dengan Maratha, mencairkan Rajput, dan berteman dengan Sikh di Punjab. |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Jahandar Shah'' | style="text-align:center;"|[[Jahandar Shah|Ma'az-ud-Din Jahandar Shah Bahadur]] معز الدین جہاندار شاہ بہادر | | style="text-align:center;"|9 Mei 1661 | style="text-align:center;"|27 Februari 1712 – 11 Februari 1713 | style="text-align:center;"|12 Februari 1713 (usia 51) | style="text-align:center;"|Sangat dipengaruhi oleh [[Wali Raja Besar]]-nya Zulfikar Khan. |- | style="text-align:center;"|''Farrukhsiyar'' | style="text-align:center;"|[[Farrukhsiyar|Muin ud-din Muhammad]] معید الدین محمد | | style="text-align:center;"|20 Agustus 1685 | style="text-align:center;"|11 Januari 1713 – 28 Februari 1719 | style="text-align:center;"|29 April 1719<br />(usia 33) | style="text-align:center;"|Mengeluarkan [[firman (dekrit)|firman]] kepada [[East India Company]] pada 1717 yang memberikan mereka hak dagang bea cukai untuk [[Bengal]], menguatkan pos-pos mereka di pantai timur. Firman atau dekrit tersebut membantu perusahaan British East India mengimpor barang-barang ke Bengal tanpa membayar bea cukai kepada pemerintah. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Rafi ud-Darajat | style="text-align:center;"|[[Rafi ud-Darajat]] رفیع الدرجات | | style="text-align:center;"|30 November 1699 | style="text-align:center;"|28 Februari – 6 Juni 1719 | style="text-align:center;"|9 Juni 1719<br />(usia 19) | style="text-align:center;"|Kebangkitan [[Syed Bersaudara]] sebagai broker kekuasaan. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Shah Jahan II | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shah Jahan II|Rafi ud-Daulah]] رفیع الدوله | | style="text-align:center;"|Juni 1696 | style="text-align:center;"|6 Juni 1719 – 19 September 1719 | style="text-align:center;"|19 September 1719 (usia 23) | style="text-align:center;"| |- | style="text-align:center;"|Muhammad Shah | style="text-align:center;"|[[Muhammad Shah|Roshan Akhtar Bahadur]] روشن اختر بہادر | | style="text-align:center;"|17 Agustus 1702 | style="text-align:center;"|27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 | style="text-align:center;"|26 April 1748<br />(usia 45) | style="text-align:center;"|Memajukan [[Syed Bersaudara]]. Menghadapi perang panjang dengan Maratha, kehilangan [[Deccan]] dan [[Malwa]] dalam prosesnya. Mengalami invasi [[Nader Shah]] dari Persia pada 1739. Ia merupakan kaisar terakhir yang memegang kontrol efektif atas kekaisaran tersebut. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Ahmad Shah Bahadur | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] احمد شاہ بہادر | | style="text-align:center;"|23 Desember 1725 | style="text-align:center;"|26 April 1748 – 2 Juni 1754 | style="text-align:center;"|1 Januari 1775<br />(usia 49) | style="text-align:center;"|Pasukan Mughal dikalahkan oleh Maratha di [[Pertempuran Sikandarabad]]. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Alamgir II | style="text-align:center;"|[[Alamgir II|Aziz-ud-din]] عزیز اُلدین | | style="text-align:center;"|6 Juni 1699 | style="text-align:center;"|2 Juni 1754 – 29 November 1759 | style="text-align:center;"|29 November 1759<br />(usia 60) | style="text-align:center;"|Dominasi [[Wali Raja]] [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|Imad-ul-Mulk]]. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Shah Jahan III | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shah Jahan III|Muhi-ul-millat]] محی اُلملت | | style="text-align:center;"|1711 | style="text-align:center;"|10 Desember 1759 – 10 Oktober 1760 | style="text-align:center;"|1772 (usia 60–61) | style="text-align:center;"|Konsolidasi Nizam dari Bengal, Bihar, dan Odisha, pada [[Pertempuran Buxar]]. [[Hyder Ali]] menjadi [[Sultan]] [[Mysore]] pada 1761. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Shah Alam II | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shah Alam II|Ali Gauhar]] علی گوہر | | style="text-align:center;"|25 Juni 1728 | style="text-align:center;"|24 Desember 1759 – 19 November 1806 | style="text-align:center;"|19 November 1806<br />(usia 78) | style="text-align:center;"|Kematian [[Tipu Sultan]] dari [[Mysore]] pada tahun 1799. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Akbar Shah II | style="text-align:center;"|[[Akbar Shah II|Mirza Akbar]] میرزا اکبر | | style="text-align:center;"|22 April 1760 | style="text-align:center;"|19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 | style="text-align:center;"|28 September 1837<br />(usia 77) | style="text-align:center;"|Kepala figur utama di bawah perlindungan Inggris. |- | style="text-align:center;"|Bahadur Shah II | style="text-align:center;"|[[Bahadur Shah II|Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar]] بو ظفر سراج اُلدین محمد بہادر شاہ ظفر | | style="text-align:center;"|24 Oktober 1775 | style="text-align:center;"|28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 | style="text-align:center;"|7 November 1862<br />(usia 87) | style="text-align:center;"|Kaisar Mughal terakhir. Digulingkan oleh Inggris dan diasingkan ke [[Myanmar|Burma]] setelah [[Pemberontakan India 1857]]. |} <small>Catatan:Para Kaisar Mughal menerapkan [[poligami]]. Disamping para istri mereka, mereka juga memiliki sejumlah selir di [[harem]] mereka, yang menghasilkan anak-anak. Ini menjadikannya sulit untuk mengidentitfikasi seluruh keturunan dari setiap kaisar.<ref>{{cite book | last = Dalrymple | first = William | title = The Last Mughal | url = https://archive.org/details/lastmughalfallof0000dalr | publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing Plc | location = London | year = 2006 | page = [https://archive.org/details/lastmughalfallof0000dalr/page/44 44] | isbn = 978-1-4088-0092-8 }}</ref></small> ==Boqor (1876-1947)== * [[Victoria|Victoria]] (1876–1901) * [[Edward VII]] (1901–1910) * [[George V]] (1910–1936) * [[Edward VIII]] (1936) * [[George VI]] (1936–1950) == List== === Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal (1773–1833) === The [[Regulating Act of 1773]] replaced the office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal with Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. The office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal was restored in 1833. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! width="130px" | Portrait ! width="300px" | Name ! width="200px" colspan="2" | Term ! width="150px" | Appointer |- | [[File:Warren Hastings greyscale.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Warren Hastings]]'''<ref group=nb>Originally joined on 28 April 1772</ref> | 20 October<br />1773 | 8 February<br />1785 | rowspan=13 | [[East India Company]]<br />[[File:Coat of arms of the East India Company.svg|90px]]<br />{{small|(1773–1858)}} |- align=center | [[File:Captain John Macpherson (1726 - 1792) by anonymous (circa 1772-1792).jpg|120px]] | '''[[Sir John Macpherson, 1st Baronet|John Macpherson]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 8 February<br />1785 | 12 September<br />1786 |- align=center | [[File:Lord Cornwallis.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Marquess Cornwallis]]'''<ref group=nb>Earl Cornwallis from 1762; created Marquess Cornwallis in 1792.</ref> | 12 September<br />1786 | 28 October<br />1793 |- align=center | [[File:JohnShore.jpg|120px]] | '''[[John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth|John Shore]]''' | 28 October<br />1793 | 18 March<br />1798 |- align=center | [[File:Field Marshal Sir Alured Clarke.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Alured Clarke]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 18 March<br />1798 | 18 May<br />1798 |- align=center | [[File:Richard Wellesley 2.JPG|120px]] | '''[[Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley|The Earl of Mornington]]'''<ref group="nb">Created Marquess Wellesley in 1799.</ref> | 18 May<br />1798 | 30 July<br />1805 |- align=center | [[File:Lord Cornwallis.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|The Marquess Cornwallis]]''' | 30 July<br />1805 | 5 October<br />1805 |- align=center | [[File:Sir George Barlow, 1st Bt from NPG crop.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet|Sir George Barlow, Bt]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 10 October<br />1805 | 31 July<br />1807 |- align=center | [[File:Gilbert Eliot, 1st Earl of Minto by James Atkinson.jpg|120px]] | '''[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto|The Lord Minto]]''' | 31 July<br />1807 | 4 October<br />1813 |- align=center | [[File:Francis, 1st Marquess of Hastings (Earl of Moira).jpg|120px]] | '''[[Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings|The Marquess of Hastings]]'''<ref group="nb">'''[[Earl of Moira]]''' prior to being created Marquess of Hastings in 1816</ref> | 4 October<br />1813 | 9 January<br />1823 |- align=center | [[File:John Adam governor general of India.jpg|120px]] | '''[[John Adam (administrator)|John Adam]]'''<br /> ''(acting)'' | 9 January<br />1823 | 1 August<br />1823 |- align=center | [[File:Sir Thomas Lawrence - Lord Amherst - Google Art Project.jpg|120px]] | '''[[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst|The Lord Amherst]]'''<ref group=nb>Created Earl Amherst in 1826.</ref> | 1 August<br />1823 | 13 March<br />1828 |- align=center | [[File:William Butterworth Bayley, governor general of India.png|120px]] | '''[[William Butterworth Bayley]]''' <br /> ''(acting)'' | 13 March<br />1828 | 4 July<br />1828 |} {{reflist|group=nb}} {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="6" |'''Governors of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal''' <small>'''''(ex-officio'' Governor-General of India, 1834-1854)'''</small> |- !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !Name <small>(birth–death)</small> ! width="100px" |Portrait !Took office !Left office !Appointer |- align="center" |1 |[[William Bentick|The Lord William Bentick]] <small>(1774–1839)</small> |[[File:Bentinck_william.png|100px]] |15 November 1834 <small>(1833)</small> |20 March 1835 | rowspan="7" |'''[[East India Company|East India<br />Company]]'''<br />[[File:Coat of arms of the East India Company.svg|65px]] |- align="center" |style="background:#e6e6aa;"| – |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe|Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt]], [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Raj Bhavan Kolkata|url=http://rajbhavankolkata.nic.in/writereaddata/PDF/CHAPTERVI.pdf}}</ref> <small>''(acting)''</small> <small>(1785–1846)</small> |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[File:Charles_Theophilus_Metcalfe,_1st_Baron_Metcalfe_by_George_Chinnery.jpg|100px]] |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|20 March 1835 |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|4 March 1836 |- align="center" |2 |[[George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland|The Lord Auckland]] <small>(1784–1849)</small> |[[File:George_Eden,_1st_Earl_of_Auckland.png|100px]] |4 March 1836 |28 February 1842 |- align="center" |3 |[[Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough|The Lord Ellenborough]] <small>(1790–1871)</small> |[[File:1stEarlOfEllenborough.jpg|100px]] |28 February 1842 |June 1844 |- align="center" |style="background:#e6e6aa;"| – |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[William Wilberforce Bird (governor)|William Wilberforce Bird]], [[Indian Civil Service|ICS]]<ref name=":1" /> <small>''(acting)''</small> <small>(1784–1857)</small> |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|[[File:William Wilberforce Bird.jpg|100px]] |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|June 1844 |style="background:#e6e6aa;"|23 July 1844 |- align="center" |4 |[[Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge|Sir Henry Hardinge]] <small>(1785–1856)</small> |[[File:Henryhardinge.jpg|100px]] |23 July 1844 |12 January 1848 |- align="center" |5 |[[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|The Earl of Dalhousie]] <small>(1812–1860)</small> |[[File:Dalhousie.jpg|100px]] |12 January 1848 |1 May 1854 <small>(28 February 1856)</small> |} {{reflist|group=nb}} === Governors-General and Viceroys of India and Governors-General of the [[Dominion of India]], 1858–1950 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Governor-General or Viceroy<br/>{{Small|(lifespan)}} ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Notable events ! '''[[Secretary of State for India]]''' ! Prime Minister |- ! colspan=6 | Governors-General and Viceroys of India, 1858–1947 |- ! colspan=6 | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[Queen Victoria]]''' {{Small|(1837–1901)}} |- | [[File:Lord Viscount Canning.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning|Charles Canning, Viscount Canning]]<ref name="auto" group="nb"/><br/>{{Small|(1812–1862)}} | {{Small|1 November}}<br/>1858 | {{Small|21 March}}<br/>1862 | class=small | * [[Queen Victoria]]'s Proclamation (1 November 1858) and '''[[Government of India Act 1858|The Government of India Act, 1858]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Government of India Act of 1858 |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Government-of-India-Act-of-1858 |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=22 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * Formation of [[Indian Civil Service (British India)|Imperial Civil Services]] (1858) * [[Indigo revolt|Indigo Revolt in Bengal]] (1859–1860) * [[White mutiny]] by the European troops (1859) * Enactment of [[Indian Penal Code]] (1860) * [[Indian High Courts Act 1861]] * [[Indian Councils Act 1861|Indian Councils Act, 1861]] * Indian Civil Service Act, 1861 * Police Act, 1861<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police Act. 1861 |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/police_act_1861.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> * Establishment of [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (1861) * [[Union budget of India|System of Budget]] was introduced * Introduced Portfolio System which gave foundation for Cabinet System | * [[Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby|Lord Stanley]] * [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] | * [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby]] * [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |- | [[File:Elgin.png|80px]]<br/>[[James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin]]<br/>{{Small|(1811–1863)}} | {{Small|21 March}}<br/>1862 | {{Small|20 November}}<br/>1863 | class=small | * Establishment of [[Calcutta High Court]] ({{Small|2 July}}), [[Bombay High Court]] ({{Small|14 August}}) and [[Madras High Court]] ({{Small|15 August}}) (1862) * Wahabi movement suppressed | rowspan=3 | [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] | rowspan=3 | [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] |- style="background:#e6e6aa" | [[File:Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala - Project Gutenberg eText 16528.png|80px]]<br/>[[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|Robert Napier]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1810–1890)}} | ''{{Small|21 November}}<br/>1863'' | ''{{Small|2 December}}<br/>1863'' | &nbsp; |- style="background:#e6e6aa" | [[File:William Denison 2.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[William Denison]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1804–1871)}} | ''{{Small|2 December}}<br/>1863'' | ''{{Small|12 January}}<br/>1864'' | &nbsp; |- | [[File:SirJohnLawrence 16246.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence|John Lawrence, Baronet]]<br/>{{Small|(1811–1879)}} | {{Small|12 January}}<br/>1864 | {{Small|12 January}}<br/>1869 | class=small | * [[Bhutan War|Bhutan War (1864–1865)]] (The [[British Empire|British]] defeated an undefended [[Bhutan]] and annexed [[Assam]] and [[Bengal]] [[Dooars|Duars]]) * Establishment of [[Shimla]] as India's summer capital (1864) * Establishment of [[Allahabad High Court]] (1866) * Famine Commission was constituted (1867) under Henry Campbell due to [[Orissa famine of 1866]] * Tenancy Act was passed in Punjab and Oudh (1868) | * [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax|Charles Wood]] * [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|George Robinson, Earl de Grey]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Viscount Cranborne]] * [[Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh|Stafford Northcote]] * [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]] | * [[Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston|Viscount Palmerston]] * [[John Russell, 1st Earl Russell]] * [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby]] * [[Benjamin Disraeli]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:6th Earl of Mayo.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo]]<br/>{{Small|(1822–1872)}} | {{Small|12 January}}<br/>1869 | {{Small|8 February}}<br/>1872 | class=small | * [[Keshub Chandra Sen]] establishes [[Indian Reform Association]] (1870) * Started Financial decentralization (1870)<ref name="Lord Mayo"/> * Enacted IPC amendment-Sedition Act 1870 to tackle Wahabi Movement * Assassinated by [[Sher Ali Afridi]] (1872)<ref>{{Cite news |title=How Viceroy Lord Mayo's Assassination Led To Creation Of India's First Intelligence Bureau |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/opinion-how-viceroy-lord-mayos-assassination-led-to-creation-of-indias-first-intelligence-bureau/352084 |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=Outlook India |date=14 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * Started the [[Census in British India|Census in India]] (1872) * Established the Department of Agriculture and Commerce (1872)<ref name="Lord Mayo">{{Cite book |last1=Reddy |first1=Krishna |title=Indian History |date=2017 |publisher=McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd |location=Chennai |isbn=9789352606627 |pages=C.55 |edition=2nd}}</ref> * Established Statistical Survey of India (1872)<ref name="Lord Mayo"/> * Opening of [[Rajkumar College, Rajkot|Rajkumar college in Rajkot]] and [[Mayo College|Mayo College at Ajmer]] for political training of Indian Princes | rowspan=3 | [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]] | rowspan=3 | [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- style="background:#e6e6aa" | [[File:John Strachey (civil servant) (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>[[John Strachey (civil servant)|John Strachey]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1823–1907)}} | ''{{Small|9 February}}<br/>1872'' | ''{{Small|23 February}}<br/>1872'' | &nbsp; |- style="background:#e6e6aa" | [[File:FrancisNapier10thLordNapier.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1819–1898)}} | ''{{Small|24 February}}<br/>1872'' | ''{{Small|3 May}}<br/>1872'' | &nbsp; |- | [[File:Arthur Stockdale Cope - Thomas George Baring, Earl of Northbrook.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook|Thomas Baring, Lord Northbrook]]<br/>{{Small|(1826–1904)}} | {{Small|3 May}}<br/>1872 | {{Small|12 April}}<br/>1876 | class=small | * He suppressed Kuka rebellion in Punjab led by Ram Singh (1872) * [[Jyotirao Phule|Jyotiba Phule]] launches the [[Satyashodhak Samaj]] in [[Maharashtra]] (1873) against the [[Caste system in India|caste system]] and the [[Untouchability]] practice * Trial of [[Gaekwad dynasty|Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda]] (1874) * [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] founded by [[Sir Syed Ahmed Khan]] (1875) * [[Prince of Wales]] [[Edward VII]] visited India (1875) * '''[[Dramatic Performances Act|Dramatic Performances Act, 1876]]''' * He resigned (1876), being asked by the British Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]] to make a treaty with the [[Emir of Afghanistan]] [[Sher Ali Khan]] | * [[George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] | * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Benjamin Disraeli]] |- | [[File:Robert Bulwer-Lytton by Nadar.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton]]<br/>{{Small|(1831–1891)}} | {{Small|12 April}}<br/>1876 | {{Small|8 June}}<br/>1880 | class=small | * Royal Titles Act, 1876 by which [[Queen Victoria]] assumed the title of '[[Empress of India]]' * '''[[Great Famine of 1876–1878]]''', a 'Famine Commission' was constituted under [[Richard Strachey]] (1878) * [[Delhi Durbar|First Delhi Durbar]] (of three) (1877) * '''[[Vernacular Press Act|Vernacular Press Act, 1878]]''' * Arms Act, 1878<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arms Act, 1878 |url=http://www.myanmar-law-library.org/IMG/pdf/the_indian_arms_act.pdf |website=myanmar-law-library.org |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> * [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]], (1878–1880) * [[Treaty of Gandamak]] signed (1879) * Decreased the maximum age of appearing in [[Indian Civil Services|civil services]] from 21 to 19 | * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook|Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, Viscount Cranbrook]] * [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Marquess of Hartington]] | * [[Benjamin Disraeli]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:George Robinson 1st Marquess of Ripon.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon]]<br/>{{Small|(1827–1909)}} | {{Small|8 June}}<br/>1880 | {{Small|13 December}}<br/>1884 | class=small | * First Factory Act (1881) * [[Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881]] * First complete [[Census of India prior to independence#1881 Census|Census in India]] (1881) * Repeal of the [[Vernacular Press Act]] (1882) * Establishment of [[Panjab University]] (1882) * Government resolution on [[Local government in India|local self-government]] (1882)<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lord Ripon: Father of Local Self Government in India |url=https://thenationaltv.com/News/lord-ripon-father-of-local-self-government-in-india#:~:text=Lord%20Ripon%20was%20known%20as,for%20them%20in%20their%20locality. |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=thenationaltv.com}}</ref> * Appointment of Education Commission under Sir [[William Wilson Hunter]] (1882)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hunter Commission - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Hunter_Commission |website=en.banglapedia.org |access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> * '''[[Ilbert Bill|Ilbert Bill (1883)]]''' * Passed [[Indian Famine Codes|Famine codes]] (1883) * Increased the maximum age of appearing in [[Indian Civil Services|civil services]] from 18 to 21 | * [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Marquess of Hartington]] * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] | * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] |- | [[File:Young Lord Dufferin.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Earl of Dufferin]]<br/>{{Small|(1826–1902)}} | {{Small|13 December}}<br/>1884 | {{Small|10 December}}<br/>1888 | class=small | * [[Indian National Congress|Formation of Indian National Congress]] (1885) * [[Bengal Tenancy Act (1885)]] * [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] (1885) * [[Burma]] was made a province of India, with [[Rangoon]] as its capital (1886)<ref>{{Cite news |title=A Short History of Burma |url=https://newint.org/features/2008/04/18/history#:~:text=The%20British%20made%20Burma%20a,resentment%20in%20many%20Burmese%20people. |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=New Internationalist |date=18 April 2008 |language=en}}</ref> | * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] * [[Lord Randolph Churchill]] * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] * [[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross]] | * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] |- | [[File:Marquess of Lansdowne crop.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne]]<br/>{{Small|(1845–1927)}} | {{Small|10 December}}<br/>1888 | {{Small|21 January}}<br/>1894 | class=small | * [[Age of Consent Act, 1891]] was passed to prohibit the marriages of girl child under the age of 12 * Second Factory Act 1891 * [[Indian Councils Act 1892]] * Setting up the [[Durand Line|Durand Commission]] (1893) (India-Afghanistan) | * [[R. A. Cross, 1st Viscount Cross]] * [[John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley]] * [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] | * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[William Ewart Gladstone]] * [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery]] |- | [[File:9thEarlOfElgin.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin]] {{Small|(1849–1917)}} | {{Small|21 January}}<br/>1894<ref>https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/33561/1/11010320.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=September 2022}}</ref> | {{Small|6 January}}<br/>1899 | class=small | * Spread of [[Bombay plague epidemic|Bubonic plague in Bombay]] (1896) * '''[[Indian famine of 1896–1897]]''' * Establishment of the [[Ramakrishna Mission]] by [[Swami Vivekananda]] at [[Belur Math]] (1897) * Assassination of two British officials ([[Walter Charles Rand]] and Ayerst) by the [[Chapekar brothers]] (1897) | * [[Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton|Henry Fowler]] * [[Lord George Hamilton]] | * [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery]] * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] |- | [[File:George Curzon2.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston]]<ref group="nb">[[Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill]] was acting Governor-General in 1904.</ref><br/>{{Small|(1859–1925)}} | {{Small|6 January}}<br/>1899 | {{Small|18 November}}<br/>1905 | class=small | * [[Indian famine of 1899–1900]] * Munda (Ulgulan) rebellion led by [[Birsa Munda]] (1899–1900) * Department of Agriculture was constituted (1901) * Creation of [[North-West Frontier Province]] (1901) * Appointment of Police Commission under [[Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser|Andrew Frazer]] (1902) * Appointment of [[Indian Universities Commission 1902|Raleigh University Commission (1902)]] (Indian Universities Act, 1904 was passed as per the recommendation of this commission) * [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1903|Second Delhi Durbar]] (of three) (1903) * [[British expedition to Tibet|Younghusband expedition to Tibet]] under [[Francis Younghusband]] (1903–1904) * [[Central Hindu Girls School|Benaras Hindu Girls School]] was established by [[Annie Besant]] (1904) * [[Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904]] * Official Secrets Act 1904 to curb free press * [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute|Agricultural Research Institute]] at [[Samastipur|Pusa]] in [[Bihar]] was established (1905) * '''[[Partition of Bengal (1905)]]''' * [[Swadeshi Movement]] (1905–1911) against [[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition of Bengal]] by [[Lal Bal Pal]]-[[Sri Aurobindo|Aurbindo Ghosh]] | * [[Lord George Hamilton]] * [[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|William St John Brodrick]] | * [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]] * [[Arthur Balfour]] |- ! colspan=6 | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King Edward VII]]''' {{Small|(1901–1910)}} |- | [[File:Earl Minto.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto]]<br/>{{Small|(1845–1914)}} | {{Small|18 November}}<br/>1905 | {{Small|23 November}}<br/>1910 | class=small | * Establishment of [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] by [[Aga Khan III]] and [[Khwaja Salimullah]] ([[Nawab of Dhaka]]) (1906) * Foundation of [[Jugantar]] revolutionary group in Bengal (1906) * Foundation stone of 'Victoria Memorial' laid (1906) * Split in Congress (1907) (in Surat session) * [[Satyendra Prasanna Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha|Satyendra Prasanna Sinha]] became first Indian member to be appointed in [[Viceroy's Executive Council]] * Seditious meetings (prohibition) Act 1907 to curb the extremist movement * [[Jamsetji Tata]] established [[Tata Steel|TISCO]] (1907) * Newspapers Act 1908 * '''[[Morley–Minto reforms|Morley–Minto reforms (1909)]]''' * [[Indian Press Act, 1910]] | * [[St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton|William St John Brodrick]] * [[John Morley]] * [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|Robert Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Crewe]] | * [[Arthur Balfour]] * [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]] * [[H. H. Asquith]] |- ! colspan=6 | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King George V]]''' {{Small|(1910–1936)}} |- | [[File:Charles Hardinge01 crop.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst]]<br/>{{Small|(1858–1944)}} | {{Small|23 November}}<br/>1910 | {{Small|4 April}}<br/>1916 | class=small | * [[1911 Delhi Durbar Honours|Third]] [[Delhi Durbar]] (1911) * Annulment of [[Partition of Bengal (1905)#Reunited Bengal (1911)|Partition of Bengal]] by [[King George V]] (1911) * Transfer of capital from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]] (1911) * Partition of Bengal to form Bihar and Orissa province (1912) * '''[[World War I|World War I (1914–1918)]]''' * [[Komagata Maru incident]] (1914) * [[McMahon Line|McMahon border line]] was created between India and China (1914) * [[Ghadar Mutiny]] (1915) * [[Mahatma Gandhi]] came back to India from South Africa (1915) * Foundation of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] by [[Madan Mohan Malviya]] (1915) * Foundation of [[Banaras Hindu University]] (1916) | * [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|Robert Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Crewe]] * [[John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn]] * [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe]] * [[Austen Chamberlain]] | * [[H. H. Asquith]] |- | [[File:Chelmsford Governor.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford]]<br/>{{Small|(1868–1933)}} | {{Small|4 April}}<br/>1916 | {{Small|2 April}}<br/>1921 | class=small | * Formation of [[Indian Home Rule movement]] by [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] and [[Annie Besant]] (1916) * First Women's University ([[SNDT Women's University]]) at [[Pune]] was founded by [[Dhondo Keshav Karve]] (1916) * [[Lucknow Pact]] (1916) (between [[Indian National Congress]] and [[All India Muslim League|Muslim League]]) * [[Champaran Satyagraha]] (1917), the first [[satyagraha]] movement led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in [[British India]] * August Declaration, 1917 * Saddler University Commission or Calcutta Commission (1917) * [[Kheda Satyagraha of 1918]] * [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms]] (1919) * [[Government of India Act 1919]] * [[Rowlatt Act]] (1919) * '''[[Jallianwala Bagh massacre|Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)]]''' * [[Khilafat Movement]] (1919–1920) (later merged with [[Non-cooperation movement]] in 1920) * Foundation of [[Aligarh Muslim University]] (1920) * '''[[Non-cooperation movement|Non-cooperation movement (1920–1922)]]''' * [[Imperial Bank of India]] (now [[State Bank of India]] established in 1921) | * [[Austen Chamberlain]] * [[Edwin Montagu]] | * [[H. H. Asquith]] * [[David Lloyd George]] |- | [[File:Rufus Isaacs.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading]]<br/>{{Small|(1860–1935)}} | {{Small|2 April}}<br/>1921 | {{Small|3 April}}<br/>1926 | class=small | * Annulment of Press Act of 1910 and [[Rowlatt Act]] of 1919 * [[Malabar rebellion]] (also known as ''Moplah Rebellion''), first Ethnic Rebellion (1921) * [[Rabindranath Tagore]] founded [[Visva-Bharati University]] (1921) * [[Chauri Chaura incident]] (1922) and withdrawal of [[Non-cooperation movement]] by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] * Formation of [[Swaraj Party]] (1923) * Appointment of Lee Commission (1923) on public services reforms<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lee Commission |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lee-Commission |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=23 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Railway budget of India|Railway budget]] was separated from [[Union budget of India|general budget]] since 1924 (this tradition continued till 2016) * [[Kakori conspiracy|Kakori train robbery]] (1925) * Foundation of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] by [[K. B. Hedgewar]] (1925) * Foundation of the [[Communist Party of India]] in [[Kanpur]] (1925) | * [[Edwin Montagu]] * [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, Viscount Peel]] * [[Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier]] * [[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead]] | * [[David Lloyd George]] * [[Bonar Law]] * [[Stanley Baldwin]] * [[Ramsay MacDonald]] * [[Stanley Baldwin]] |- | [[File:1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax|E. F. L. Wood, Lord Irwin]]<br/>{{Small|(1881–1959)}} | {{Small|3 April}}<br/>1926 | {{Small|1 July}}<br/>1929 | class=small | * [[Simon Commission]] (1928) * [[Nehru Report]] (1928) * Death of [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] (1928) * [[Fourteen Points of Jinnah]] (1929) * '''[[Purna Swaraj|Purna Swaraj declaration (1929)]]''' * [[Meerut Conspiracy Case]] (1929) * Bombing in [[Central Legislative Assembly]] by [[Bhagat Singh]] and [[Batukeshwar Dutt]] (8 April 1929) * "Deepavali Declaration" (31 October 1929, to grant India dominion status in due course) * Appointment of "Hartog Committee" (1929) to survey the growth of education in [[British India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2014 |title=Hartog Committee Report, 1929 |url=https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/law/acts/hartog-committee-report-1929/44829 |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=Your Article Library |archive-date=19 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119223245/https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/law/acts/hartog-committee-report-1929/44829 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Launching of [[Civil disobedience]] movement with [[Salt March]] (1930) * [[Dharasana Satyagraha]] (1930) * First [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]]s (1930) * [[Allahabad Address]] by [[Sir Muhammad Iqbal]] (1930) * [[Chittagong armoury raid]] (1930) * [[Gandhi–Irwin Pact]] (1931) * Execution of [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Shivaram Rajguru]], and [[Sukhdev Thapar]] (1931) | * [[F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead]] * [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, Viscount Peel]] | rowspan=2 | * [[Stanley Baldwin]] * [[Ramsay MacDonald]] |- style="background:#e6e6aa" | [[File:Viscount Goschen.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen]] {{Small|''(acting)''<br/>(1866–1952)}} | ''{{Small|1 July}}<br/>1929'' | ''{{Small|18 April}} 1931'' | &nbsp; | * [[William Peel, 1st Earl Peel|William Peel, Viscount Peel]], [[William Wedgwood Benn]] |- | [[File:Freeman Freeman-Thomas by Henry Walter Barnett.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Freeman Freeman-Thomas, Earl of Willingdon]]<br/>{{Small|(1866–1941)}} | {{Small|18 April}}<br/>1931 | {{Small|18 April}}<br/>1936 | class=small | * Second [[Round Table Conferences (India)#Second Round Table Conference (September 1931 – December 1931)|Round Table Conference]] (1931) * Announcement of [[Communal Award]] by [[Ramsay MacDonald]] (1932) * [[Poona Pact]] between [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[B. R. Ambedkar]] (1932) * Third [[Round Table Conferences (India)#Third Round Table Conference (November – December 1932)|Round Table Conference]] (1932) * [[Pakistan Declaration]] (1933) * Foundation of [[Congress Socialist Party]] (1934) * '''[[Reserve Bank of India]]''' established by passing [[Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934|The Reserve Bank of India Act 1934]] * '''[[Government of India Act 1935]]''' * Formation of [[All India Kisan Sabha]] (1936) | * [[William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate|William Wedgwood Benn]] * [[Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood|Samuel Hoare]] * [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland]] | * [[Ramsay MacDonald]] * [[Stanley Baldwin]] |- ! colspan=6 | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King Edward VIII]]''' {{Small|(1936)}} |- | [[File:Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow]]<br/>{{Small|(1887–1952)}} | {{Small|18 April}}<br/>1936 | {{Small|1 October}}<br/>1943 | class=small | * [[1937 Indian provincial elections|Indian provincial elections]] (1937) * [[India in World War II|Indian entry into World War II]] (1939) * [[Day of Deliverance (India)|Day of Deliverance]] (1939) * Formation of [[All India Forward Bloc]] (1939) * [[Lahore Resolution]] (1940) * [[August Offer]] (1940) * [[Cripps Mission]] (1942) * Formation of [[Indian Legion]] (1942) * '''[[Quit India Movement|Quit India Movement (1942)]]''' * Formation of '''[[Indian National Army]]''' (1942) * [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal famine]] (1943) | * [[Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland]] * [[Leo Amery]] | * [[Stanley Baldwin]] * [[Neville Chamberlain]] * [[Winston Churchill]] |- ! colspan=6 | [[File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg|30x30px]] Appointed by '''[[King George VI]]''' {{Small|(1936–1947) (as [[Emperor of India]])}} |- | [[File:Archibald Wavell2.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Archibald Wavell, Viscount Wavell]]<br/>{{Small|(1883–1950)}} | {{Small|1 October}}<br/>1943 | {{Small|21 February}}<br/>1947 | class=small | * [[C. R. formula]] (1944) * [[Simla Conference]] (1945) * [[World War II]] ended (1945) * [[Indian National Army trials#|Indian National Army (INA) trials]] (1945–1946) * [[1946 Cabinet Mission to India|Cabinet Mission]] (1946) * [[Direct Action Day]] (16 August 1946) * [[Interim Government of India|Interim Government]] was formed (1946) * [[Royal Indian Navy mutiny]] (1946) | * [[Leo Amery]] * [[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence]] | * [[Winston Churchill]] * [[Clement Attlee]] |- | [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma]]<br/>{{Small|(1900–1979)}} | {{Small|21 February}}<br/>1947 | {{Small|15 August}}<br/>1947 | class=small | * [[Indian Independence Act 1947]] (18 July 1947) * [[Radcliffe Line|Radclife Commission]] was appointed under the chairmanship of [[Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Viscount Radcliffe|Cyril Radcliffe]] to demarcate the border line of [[Bengal Presidency]] and [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] | * [[Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence]] * [[William Hare, 5th Earl of Listowel]] | * [[Clement Attlee]] |- ! Governor-General<br/>{{Small|(birth–death)}} ! colspan=2 | Term of office ! Notable events ! &nbsp; ! Prime Minister |- ! colspan=6 | Governors-General of the [[Dominion of India]], 1947–1950 |- ! colspan=6 | Appointed by '''[[King George VI]]''' {{Small|(1947–1950) (as [[List of heads of state of India#Monarch of India (1947–1950)|King of India]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-08-01|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|target_link=List of heads of state of India#Monarch of India (1947–1950)|reason= }})}} |- | [[File:Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, 1943. TR1230 (cropped).jpg|80px]]<br/>[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma]]<ref group="nb">Created Earl Mountbatten of Burma on 28 October 1947.</ref><br/>{{Small|(1900–1979)}} | {{Small|15 August}}<br/>1947 | {{Small|21 June}}<br/>1948 | * First Governor-General of the Union of India | rowspan=2 | | rowspan="2" | * [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] |- | [[File:Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari.jpg|80px]]<br/>[[C. Rajagopalachari|Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]<br/>{{Small|(1878–1972)}} | {{Small|21 June}}<br/>1948 | {{Small|26 January}}<br/>1950 | * Last Governor-General of India, before the office was permanently abolished (1950) * First and only Indian-born Governor-General of India |} {{reflist|group=nb}} ==Madaxweynaha Hindiya== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! # ! style="width:17em" |Magaca !Sawirka ! colspan="2" |Dhererka adeega ! style="width:8em" |la doortay !Xisbiyada siyaasadda ![[Liiska madaxweyne ku xigeenada India|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 1 ! [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1884–1963)}} | | {{nowrap|26 January}} 1950 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 |[[1950 Indian presidential election|1950]]<br>[[1952 Indian presidential election|1952]]<br>[[1955 Indian presidential election|1955]] <br>[[1957 Indian presidential election|1957]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan |- ! 2 ! [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1888–1975)}} | | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1962 | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | [[1962 Indian presidential election|1962]] <br>[[1965 Indian presidential election|1965]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]] |- ! 3 ! [[Zakir Husain (politician)|Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1897–1969)}} | | {{nowrap|13 May}} 1967 | {{nowrap|3 May}} 1969<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1967 Indian presidential election|1967]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | rowspan="3" |[[V. V. Giri]] |- ! 4 ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | | {{nowrap|3 May }} 1969 | {{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! 5 !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | |{{nowrap|20 July}} 1969 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 |[[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |- ! (4) ! [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1894–1980)}} | | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1969 | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 | [[1969 Indian presidential election|1969]] | [[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Gopal Swarup Pathak]] |- !– ![[Gopal Swarup Pathak]]<br>(1896–1982) | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !(4) ![[V. V. Giri]] {{small|(1894–1980)}} | |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1973 |{{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 6 ! [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1905–1977)}} | | {{nowrap|24 August}} 1974 | {{nowrap|11 February}} 1977<br>{{small|(''died in office.'')}} | [[1974 Indian presidential election|1974]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Gopal Swarup Pathak B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 7 ![[B. D. Jatti]]<br>{{small|(1912–2002)}} | |{{nowrap|11 February}} 1977 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1977<br> |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |B. D. Jatti |- !style="background:#1F75FE;" |&nbsp; 8 ![[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1913–1996)}} | | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1977 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 | [[1977 Indian presidential election|1977]] | [[Janata Party]] |B. D. Jatti Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;9 ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1982 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |[[1982 Indian presidential election|1982]] |[[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |Mohammad Hidayatullah |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1983 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (5) !'''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]'''<br>{{small|(1905–1992)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |— |[[Indian National Congress]] |- br > Gandhi !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; (9) ![[Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1916–1994)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1984 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 |<br>[[1984 Indian presidential election|1984]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |Ramaswamy Venkataraman |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 10 ! [[R. Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1910–2009)}} | | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1987 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | [[1987 Indian presidential election|1987]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |Shankar Dayal Sharma |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 11 ![[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}} | | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1992 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | [[1992 Indian presidential election|1992]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |K. R. Narayanan |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 12 ! [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1920–2005)}} | | {{nowrap|25 July}} 1997 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 | [[1997 Indian presidential election|1997]] | [[Indian National Congress]] |[[Krishan Kant]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Krishan Kant]]''' <small>(1927–2002)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(12) ![[K. R. Narayanan]] {{small|(1920–2005)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2000 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Krishan Kant |- ! 13 ! [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(1931–2015)}} | | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2002 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 | [[2002 Indian presidential election|2002]] |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |Krishan Kant [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !– !'''[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]''' <small>(1923–2010)</small> | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !(13) ![[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] {{small|(1931–2015)}} | |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2003 |{{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 |– |[[Independent politician|Independent]] |[[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 14 ! [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(1934–)}} | | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2007 | {{nowrap|25 July}} 2010 | [[2007 Indian presidential election|2007]] | [[Indian National Congress]] | rowspan="4" |[[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2010 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(14) ![[Pratibha Patil]] {{small|(1934–)}} | |25 July 2010 |25 July 2012 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |- ! style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp; 15 ![[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(1935–2020)}} | | 25 July 2012 | 25 July 2016 | [[2012 Indian presidential election|2012]] |[[Indian National Congress]] |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;– ![[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<small>(1937–)</small> | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2016 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- !style="background:#00BFFF;" |&nbsp;(15) ![[Pranab Mukherjee]] {{small|(1935–2020)}} | |25 July 2016 |25 July 2017 |– |[[Indian National Congress]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; 16 ! [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(1945–)}} | | 25 July 2017 | 25 July 2018 | [[2017 Indian presidential election|2017]] | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Mohammad Hamid Ansari [[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; _ !'''[[Venkaiah Naidu|M. Venkaiah Naidu]]''' <small>(1949–)</small> | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2018 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp; (16) ![[Ram Nath Kovind]] {{small|(1945–)}} | |25 July 2018 |25 July 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Venkaiah Naidu]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} | |25 July 2022 |11 August 2022 |[[2022 Indian presidential election|2022]] |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |Venkaiah Naidu [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;– !'''[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]''' <small>(1951–)</small> | |11 August 2022 |11 August 2022 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;17 ! [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(1958-)}} | |11 August 2022 |25 July 2025 |– |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- !style="background:#FF9933;" |&nbsp;18 ! [[Narendra Modi]]<small>(1950–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |Incumbent |— |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] |[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] |- ! colspan="8" |Xoogag hubeysan oo afgambi milateri kula kacay dowladda oo talada la wareegay. |- !align="center" style="background-color: #808000" |19 ![[Javed Khans]] <small>(1996–)</small> | |25 July 2025 |''Incumbent'' | |[[Indian Armed Forces|Military]] |Armed forces |- |} ==sido kale fiiri== *[[Luqadaha Hindika]] *[[India visa Dalalka]] * [[Howrah Bridge]] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} ==I== <references /> s6k90d8q16d1sjdm96w1jvaj9wqjs4o 0 41800 276810 2025-07-10T18:40:53Z Dabayl 12159 Bog cusub: wa deganka balanbal 276810 wikitext text/x-wiki Waa degmo ka tirsan gobolka [[sanaag]] gaar ahaan [[Gar adag|garadag]] waxa degan [[reeryoonis]] gaar ahaan [[cismaan yoonis]] eo4i95midh675c0kyjiv2morbrjmfrz 0 41802 276825 2025-07-10T21:25:31Z CigaalCabdi 41563 Bog cusub: Cryptocurrency waa lacago dadan (Crypto) kuwaasoo ku shaqeeya tignoolajiyad la yidhaahdo "Blockchain". Waa lacago aan lahayn maamul dhexe, oo laga maamulo, haday noqon lahayd bangi. hay'ad, urur dhaqaale iwm. Sidoo kale waa lacago aan dhexdhexaadiye lahayn, kaliya diraha iyo loo-diraha.<ref>https://ereyo.cryptoyahan.com/blockchain/</ref> Blockchain waa salka ay ku fadhiyaan lacagaha dadan, waana hanaan cusub oo lagu diiwaan galiyo xogta, oo daah-furan, oo daafaha dunida ku baahs... 276825 wikitext text/x-wiki Cryptocurrency waa lacago dadan (Crypto) kuwaasoo ku shaqeeya tignoolajiyad la yidhaahdo "Blockchain". Waa lacago aan lahayn maamul dhexe, oo laga maamulo, haday noqon lahayd bangi. hay'ad, urur dhaqaale iwm. Sidoo kale waa lacago aan dhexdhexaadiye lahayn, kaliya diraha iyo loo-diraha.<ref>https://ereyo.cryptoyahan.com/blockchain/</ref> Blockchain waa salka ay ku fadhiyaan lacagaha dadan, waana hanaan cusub oo lagu diiwaan galiyo xogta, oo daah-furan, oo daafaha dunida ku baahsan, oo aan lahayn wax saldhig ah.<ref>https://ereyo.cryptoyahan.com/blockchain/</ref> Si kale hadii aynu u dhigno, Blockchain waa diiwaan baahsan, oo daah-furan, oo ay cid kaste arki karto, markhaatina ka noqon karto xogta ku jirta, kaasoo leh nuqulo ('''Copy''' – '''نسخة''') badan, cid kastana ay awoodo inay hesho nuqul iyada u gaar ah, oo ka mid ah diiwaankaas. Si aynu u fahanno, ugu horrayn aynu xusno sida ay ururada caadiga ah u diiwaan galiyaan xogtooda gaarka ah. TS, hadii aad adeegsato adeegyada maaliyadeed ee ka shaqeeya dalkii, sida e-Dahab, Zaad, EVC, iwm, xogtaada shakhsiyeed, waa kuwo iyaga uun ku gaar ah, mana ahan xog daah-furan, oo ay cid kaste arki karto, sida hadhaagaaga, dhaq-dhaqaaqaaga, lacag diristaadii ugu danbaysay, iwm. Sidoo kale, xogtaada shakhsiyeed waa mid saldhig leh, ama xaruuun dhexe leh, oo laga maamulo. Sidaa si ka duwan, Blockchain xog kasta oo ku diiwaan gashan, waa xog furan, oo ay cid waliba arki karto, hasa yeeshee inta xasaasiga ah ay dadan tahay, waxaana la arki karaa hadhaaga qofka, dhaq-dhaqaaqyadiisii bilaw ilaa dhamaad, sida cidda uu wax u diray, iyo cidda u soo dirtayba. Waxa kaliya ee aan la ogaan karin, ama aan la aqoonsan karin, waa loo diraha, iyo diraha, cidda sida dhabta ah ay yihiin, waana halka ay ka magac baxday '''Crypto'''currency, lacago dadan ('''Crypto''' = '''Dadnaan'''). Blockchain waa buug-yare baahsan, oo diiwaangeliya dhammaan wax is-dhaafsiyada dhacaya, oo aan lahayn xaruun maamul dhexe. Mar hadii xog la diiwaan galiyo, iyadoo la adeegsanayo “'''BLOCKCHAIN'''” way adag tahay in dib loo faragaliyo xogtii, waxnana laga bedelo. Maxaa yeelay diiwaanka xogtu waa mid baahsan, oo nuqulo badan leh, hadii la damcana in wax laga bedelo, waxaa lagu khasbanaanayaa in nuqul kasta oo ka mid ah diiwaanka la bedelo, taasoo u muuqata mid aan sinnaba ku suuroobayn, gaar ahaan hadii ay shabakadu tahay shabakad aad u weyn oo baahsan, sida shabakadda Bitcoin. Xogtan badankeed waxaan ka soo xigtay website-kan isha furan (Open S) ee CryptoYahan. fcwahiuiapyxg4seg97vs48sam0oib2 276826 276825 2025-07-10T21:26:14Z CigaalCabdi 41563 276826 wikitext text/x-wiki Cryptocurrency waa lacago dadan (Crypto) kuwaasoo ku shaqeeya tignoolajiyad la yidhaahdo "Blockchain". Waa lacago aan lahayn maamul dhexe, oo laga maamulo, haday noqon lahayd bangi. hay'ad, urur dhaqaale iwm. Sidoo kale waa lacago aan dhexdhexaadiye lahayn, kaliya diraha iyo loo-diraha.<ref>https://ereyo.cryptoyahan.com/blockchain/</ref> Blockchain waa salka ay ku fadhiyaan lacagaha dadan, waana hanaan cusub oo lagu diiwaan galiyo xogta, oo daah-furan, oo daafaha dunida ku baahsan, oo aan lahayn wax saldhig ah.<ref>https://ereyo.cryptoyahan.com/blockchain/</ref> Si kale hadii aynu u dhigno, Blockchain waa diiwaan baahsan, oo daah-furan, oo ay cid kaste arki karto, markhaatina ka noqon karto xogta ku jirta, kaasoo leh nuqulo ('''Copy''' – '''نسخة''') badan, cid kastana ay awoodo inay hesho nuqul iyada u gaar ah, oo ka mid ah diiwaankaas. Si aynu u fahanno, ugu horrayn aynu xusno sida ay ururada caadiga ah u diiwaan galiyaan xogtooda gaarka ah. TS, hadii aad adeegsato adeegyada maaliyadeed ee ka shaqeeya dalkii, sida e-Dahab, Zaad, EVC, iwm, xogtaada shakhsiyeed, waa kuwo iyaga uun ku gaar ah, mana ahan xog daah-furan, oo ay cid kaste arki karto, sida hadhaagaaga, dhaq-dhaqaaqaaga, lacag diristaadii ugu danbaysay, iwm. Sidoo kale, xogtaada shakhsiyeed waa mid saldhig leh, ama xaruuun dhexe leh, oo laga maamulo. Sidaa si ka duwan, Blockchain xog kasta oo ku diiwaan gashan, waa xog furan, oo ay cid waliba arki karto, hasa yeeshee inta xasaasiga ah ay dadan tahay, waxaana la arki karaa hadhaaga qofka, dhaq-dhaqaaqyadiisii bilaw ilaa dhamaad, sida cidda uu wax u diray, iyo cidda u soo dirtayba. Waxa kaliya ee aan la ogaan karin, ama aan la aqoonsan karin, waa loo diraha, iyo diraha, cidda sida dhabta ah ay yihiin, waana halka ay ka magac baxday '''Crypto'''currency, lacago dadan ('''Crypto''' = '''Dadnaan'''). Blockchain waa buug-yare baahsan, oo diiwaangeliya dhammaan wax is-dhaafsiyada dhacaya, oo aan lahayn xaruun maamul dhexe. Mar hadii xog la diiwaan galiyo, iyadoo la adeegsanayo “'''BLOCKCHAIN'''” way adag tahay in dib loo faragaliyo xogtii, waxnana laga bedelo. Maxaa yeelay diiwaanka xogtu waa mid baahsan, oo nuqulo badan leh, hadii la damcana in wax laga bedelo, waxaa lagu khasbanaanayaa in nuqul kasta oo ka mid ah diiwaanka la bedelo, taasoo u muuqata mid aan sinnaba ku suuroobayn, gaar ahaan hadii ay shabakadu tahay shabakad aad u weyn oo baahsan, sida shabakadda Bitcoin. Xogtan badankeed waxaan ka soo xigtay website-kan isha furan (Open Source) ee CryptoYahan. i3qzl0zgo1g449c7exeum608ppid9c6 0 41803 276838 2025-07-11T07:24:13Z 92.40.177.186 Bog cusub: https://vallis-group.com/ shirkad vallis group Shirkad fadhigeedu yahay dalka Ingiriiska oo bixisa xalal caalami ah oo laga helo dekedaha, beeralayda cuntada iyo qaybo badan oo fadhigeedu yahay UK ee Yurub. 276838 wikitext text/x-wiki https://vallis-group.com/ shirkad vallis group Shirkad fadhigeedu yahay dalka Ingiriiska oo bixisa xalal caalami ah oo laga helo dekedaha, beeralayda cuntada iyo qaybo badan oo fadhigeedu yahay UK ee Yurub. 77p88m2h4390f18natuozhen54on6ca 1 41804 276841 2025-07-11T09:42:25Z Guriceel11 41315 /* Caalin axmed */ new section 276841 wikitext text/x-wiki == Caalin axmed == Caalin axmed [[User:Guriceel11|Guriceel11]] ([[User talk:Guriceel11|wadahadal]]) 09:42, 11 Luuliyo ama Luulyo 2025 (UTC) p94lv4jp9e0gu94nlqebte4oqlvnac6