Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4827 296067 296029 2026-03-31T00:26:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 296067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref>https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490</Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16".=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<S'!>[[Yemen]]<s'!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |22".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23"_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25_.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s'!> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |26"_.||[[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|191px]]<S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |12".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19."'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<!>[[Yemen]]<!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|191px]]<S>[[Bakistaan]]<s'>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Passport 2022.jpg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Republic-of-yemen-passport-non-biometric-01.JPG|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 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[[File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|60px]] | ethnicity = Somali | clan = Samaroon | parent_tribe = Gadabuursi (Dir) | subclan = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed | descended = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed Samarroon Siciid Daa'uud |rels=[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|19px]] [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni<Sup>100%</sup>]])|related-c=[[Maxad case]], [[Bahabar Aadan]] , [[Habarcafaan]] , [[Makaahiil]] ,[[Jibriil Yoonis]] and other [[Gadabuursi]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->|languages=[[Somali]], [[Carabi]], [[Oromo]], [[France|French]], [[English]], [[Amharic]]|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region3={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region4={{flagcountry|Saudi_Arabia}}|region5={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region6={{flagcountry|United States}}|region7={{flagcountry|Somalia}}|region8={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}}} '''Reer Moh'd''' ([[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]]: '''Reer Maxamed''', [[Af-Carabi]]: رير محمد, [[Af-Faransiis]]:'''La famille de Mohammed''') waa jilib ka tirsan beelaha Samaroon ([[Gadabuursi]]), gaar ahaan faraca '''Maxamed Muuse Maxamed ee Siciid Daa'uud'''. Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]<ref>"Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]"</ref>, [[Awdal]], [[Hargeysa]] ee [[Somaliland]] iyo Jamhuuriyadda [[Djibouti]], sidoo kale waxay ku nool yihiin qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya iyo qurbaha. [[File:Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7).png|thumb|300px|<Mark>Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7)</Mark>]] == Qaybinta iyo Deegaannada == *Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay ka mid tahay beelaha hoostaga '''Habar Muuse''', waxaana ay ka tirsan tahay faraca Maxamedcase Makadoor Siciid Daa'uud ee Gadabuursi. Beeshu waxay ka kooban tahay toddoba jilib.Waan qabiilka ugu badan Beelaha maxamed case,Reer Maxamed waa dadka ilbax ahaan ugu horeeya dadka Soomaalida taasi waxa kuu cadaynaysa: Marka la jooga qurbaha ama dalka dibadiisa in xifiisyada iyo meelaha shaqooyinka muhiimka ahi ka socdaan dadka kaliya ee aad ku arkaysaa ay yihiin dad ka soo jeeda Beesha Reer Maxamed, markaas taasi waxa ay ku tusinaysaa inay yihiin dad leh xadaarad iyo ilbaxnimo soo jireen ah. *Reer maxamed waa dad lagu yaqaano geesinimo iyo raganimo sido kale waa dad xadaariyiina. *Beesha Reer Maxamed waa Beelaha hogaanka siyaasadeed maamul majaraha u haya dawladaha Soomaalida.Beesha Reer Maxamed ayaa ilaa wakhtigan saamayn wayn kuleh ama u taliya siyaasada dawladaha Geeska ama dawladaha Soomaalida. Siyaasiyiinta Reer Maxamed waa kuwa badiyaa Beelaha Gadabuursi ama Maxamed Case u matala kuraasta saami siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]], [[Somalia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. <blockquote>Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay caan ku tahay nabada iyo horumarka. Tan iyo ilaa heshiisyadii lagu dhisay maamulka Soomaaliland ayay beeshu martigelin, taageero, dhexdhexaadin iyo tusaalayn ku wadan bulshada ku dhaqan deegaanadaasi. Waxaa intaas dheer oo [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|beesha Reer Maxamed]] lagu yaqaanaa horumarinta iyo dhiirigelinta waxbarashada, caafimaadka, aqoonta iyo cilmiga.</blockquote> '''Deegaannada ay beeshu degto waxaa ka mid ah:''' * Dooxada Dibirawayn * Degmada Baki * Abdulqaadir * Dooxada Biji * Tooraboore * Fardo-lagu-xidh * Budlalay * Qabri-bayax * Balcad * Janaale * Bu'aale * Aw-dheegle * Lawyacaddo * Heemaal * Kismaayo * Fiqi Aadan * Sheekh Awaare * Damasha * Saylac * Jaldessa * Diri * Xooray * Carawayne * Afcas * Xamarta * Hargeysa * Cali Xaydh * Bus * Caasha-cado * Bacado * Jidhi * Buurta Siimoodi * Dur-Dur Cad * Sitti * Abaarso * Kalabaydh * Hadh-wanaag * Arabsiyo * Harar * Gabiley * Sanaag * Sambabka Cas * Jowhar * Dilla * Magaalada Borama (Gobolka Awdal) * Qaybo ka mid ah Djibouti * Iyo Qurbaha == Dhaqaalaha == *Dhaqaalaha '''Beesha Reer Maxamed''' waa mid ku dhisan saddex tiir oo waaweyn: xoolo-dhaqasho, macdan, iyo beeraha. Beeshu waxay degtaa deegaano kala duwan, taas oo sahashay in ay yeeshaan dhaqaale ku tiirsan khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo ganacsi isku xidhan. === Xoolo-dhaqasho === [[File:Somali camel.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Geelaha dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] [[File:Somali Goats.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Adhiga dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] Xoolo-dhaqashadu waa laf-dhabarta dhaqaalaha beesha. Geela, lo’da, iyo ariga ayaa bixiya caano, hilib, iyo dakhli ganacsi oo laga helo suuqyada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa gobolka. === Macdan === [[File:Beryl South Africa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Beryl — Macdanta Beryllium ee Buuraha Simoodi waa mid laga yaqaan deegaanada beeshu ku nooshahay.]] Deegaannada qaarkood ee ay beeshu degto, gaar ahaan Buuraha '''Siimoodi''', waxaa laga helaa dahab iyo macdano kale. Soo saarista macdantani waxay qayb ka qaadataa dakhliga iyo ganacsiga deegaanka iyo qoysaska qaarkood. === Beeraha === [[File:Somalia, Awdal region, Baki District.png|thumb|right|250px|Map-ka Baki, Awdal - Sawir Muujinaya deeganka baki.]] [[File:Baki awdal1.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Beeraha Xabxabka ee baki]] [[File:Watermelon_from_Senegal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Xabxabka la soo goostay]] Beeruhu waa tiir kale oo muhiim ah. '''Beesha reer maxamed''' waxay si gaar ah ugu xeel dheer yihiin beerista xabxabka iyo dalagyo kale. Wax soo saarka qaar waxaa loo suuq geeyaa gudaha dalka, halka qaar kalena loo dhoofiyo dalalka dariska ah sida [[Ethiopia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. *Ganacsiga beesha kuma koobna wax-soo-saarka oo keliya, balse wuxuu isku xiraa miyiga, goobaha macdanta laga qodo, Goobaha wax-soo-saarka iyo suuqyada waaweyn, taas oo muujinaysa nidaam dhaqaale oo firfircoon. == Taariikhda == [[File:Zeila ruins.jpeg|thumb|middle|350px|Dhismayaal qadiimi ah oo ku yaal magaalada [[Saylac]], kuwaas oo ka mid ah guryihii dhagaxa ahaa ee taariikhiga ahaa ee magaalada ay ka dhistay [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Beesha reer maxamed]].]] <blockquote> Beesha reer maxamed waxay ka mid ahayd bulshooyinkii taariikhda dheer ku lahaa magaalo xeebeedka [[Saylac]] ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaalada Saylac waxay qarniyo badan ahayd xarun ganacsi, diin iyo ilbaxnimo oo muhiim u ahayd Geeska Afrika.</blockquote><br><blockquote>Guryaha qadiimiga ah ee dhagaxa ka samaysan ee ku yaal magaalada ayaa ka mid ah astaamaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, waxaana la sheegaa in dhismayaashaasi ay la xiriireen farsamooyin hore oo lagu farsamayn jiray sonkorta iyo ganacsiga badeecooyinka kale.</blockquote> [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Ruins of the Muslim [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate of Adal]] in Zeila, Somaliland]] Saylac waxay ahayd magaalo muhiim ah oo ku jirtay dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee Geeska Afrika sida [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]] iyo [[Saldanadii Cadal]]. Labadan saldanadood waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen taariikhda gobolka, gaar ahaan xilligii dagaalladii u dhexeeyay dawladaha Islaamka iyo boqortooyadii Abyssinia. [[File:The Sultanate of Ifat.png|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]].]] Saldanadii Ifat waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee hore uga jiray Geeska Afrika, waxayna maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah xeebaha iyo dhulka gudaha. Magaalada Saylac waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dekedihii muhiimka ahaa ee dawladan. [[File:Adal sultanate during the conquest of habesh.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadii Cadal]].]] Kadib burburkii Ifat, [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ayaa noqotay dawlad awood badan oo maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika. Xilligii [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Imaam Axmed Gurey]] (Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi)oo aha [[Gadabuursi|Beesha Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beelaha Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ), Cadal waxay noqotay quwad militari oo xooggan oo dagaallo waaweyn la gashay boqortooyadii Itoobiya. [[File:City Gate, Harar Jugol (14464345823).jpg|City_Gate,_Harar_Jugol_(14464345823)|thumb|right|280px|Derbiyada magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Harar]].]] Magaalada [[Harar]] ayaa sidoo kale xiriir dhow la lahayd Saylac iyo dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee gobolka. Harar waxay ahayd xarun diimeed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah qarniyo badan. === Kaalinta Beesha Gadabuursi ee Halganka Madax-bannaanida Jabuuti === Beesha [[Gadabuursi]] (Samaroon) waxay door aasaasi ah ka qaadatay halgankii madax-bannaanida dalka Jabuuti. Iyadoo ka kooban saddexda garab ee waaweyn ('''Habar Cafaan, Makaahiil, iyo Mahad-Asse'''), beeshu waxay horseed ka ahayd dhaqdhaqaaqyadii ugu horreeyay ee siyaasadda iyo kuwii dambe ee hubaysnaa. === Geesiyaasha Beesha ee Halganka Horkacay === ==== 1. Hoggaanka Siyaasadda iyo Bilowgii Halganka ==== * '''Djama Ali Moussa (Mahad-Asse= Bahabar celi)''': Wuxuu ahaa ninkii u horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto madaxa Golaha Dowladda (President of the Government Council) ee French Somaliland (1946–1957). Wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Jabuuti. * '''Sultan Mahamed Haji Dideh (Mahad-Asse=Bahabar celi)''': Ganacsade iyo oday dhaqameed dhisay kaabayaasha magaalada Jabuuti, dhisayna masaajidkii ugu horreeyay 1891,ahaana ninkii magaca '''French Somaliland''' (Côte Française des Somalis) u bixiyay dhulka Jabuuti, ninkaas waxa la sheegaa inuu ahaa halgamaagii weynaa ee jabuuti soo mara. Sidoo kale aha suldanki Saylac waqtigi British Somaliland horaantii qarnigii 20aad. * '''Haji Jibril Jilane Farah(Mahad-Asse=Rer Maxamed)''': Halgamaa weyn oo lagu yaqaanay aragtidiisa dheer iyo dhabar-adayga uu kala hor yimid gumeysiga Faransiiska, ahaana siyaasigii ugu muhiim sanaa ee Faransiisku ku dileen [[Jabuuti|Jabuuti.]] ==== 2. Aqoonyahannada iyo Garabka Hubaysan (FLCS) ==== * '''Dr. Omar Osman Rabeh (Makaahiil/Reer Yoonis)''': Aqoonyahan iyo mufakir weyn. Xabsigii uu ku jiray 1968–1975 wuxuu ahaa calaamad u ah iska caabinta Faransiiska. Isaga dartiis ayaa loo fuliyay afduubkii safiirka Faransiiska. * '''Mohamed Osman Huffaneh (Makaahiil)''': Mid ka mid ah saraakiishii ugu sarreeyay ee ururka [[Somali Coast Protectorate|FLCS]], ahaana ninkii horseeday hawlgalladii milatari ee gumeysiga lagu wiiqay. * '''Omar Sharidi Buuni (Habar Cafaan)''': Halgamaa caan ah oo ka mid ahaa dhallinyaradii ugu horreysay ee abaabusha kacdoonnada magaalooyinka, isagoo ka tirsanaa ururradii horyaalka u ahaa xornimada. * '''Mohamed Omar(Makaahiil: Bahabar Cabdale)(Halgamaa)''':Waxa uu ka mid ahaa dhalinyarti u soo dhabar adaygay cadaadiska gumeysiga ee lala beegsanayay halgamayaasha Jabuuti ==== 3. Haweenka Geesiyaasha ah ==== Dumarka Gadabuursi waxay ahaayeen kuwo si geesinnimo leh ugu dhex jiray mudaaharaadyada: * '''Dahabo Farah (Mahad-Asse=rer Mahamed)''': Waxay ahayd hoggaamiye bulsho oo caan ku ahayd abaabulka haweenka iyo dhiirigelinta dadka u taagan xornimada. * '''Xadiija (Khadra) Gadabuursi''': Waxay ka dhex muuqatay safafka hore ee kacdoonkii dadweynaha, iyadoo ka badbaaday xarigyo iyo cadaadis badan. <Mark>Iyo qaar kaloo badan oo la qariyey Taariikhdooda iyo halganka ay ka qaateen halganka madax-banaanida jabuuti.</Mark> === Kaalintii Ururka FLCS iyo Beesha Gadabuursi === <blockquote>Beesha Gadabuursi waxay saldhig weyn u ahayd ururkii [[Somali Coast Protectorate|Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS)]]. Inta badan dhalinyarada beesha waxay ka soo galeen halganka dhinaca xuduudka Somaliland (Saylac iyo Lughaya), iyagoo gumeysiga ka soo weerari jiray dhinaca koonfureed ee Jabuuti. Taariikh ahaana, [[Beesha Maxamed Case|beelaha Maxamed Case]] oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]], kuwaas oo dega Saylac iyo deegaanka ku xeeran, waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen dhacdooyin badan oo taariikhi ah oo ka dhacay Geeska Afrika. Qaar ka mid ah dadka beelahan ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay halgankii lagu xoreynayay [[Jabuuti]] xilligii [[Faransiiska|gumaysiga Faransiiska]], iyagoo ka mid ahaa kooxihii ugu badnaa ee ka soo horjeeday maamulka gumaysiga ee Faransiiska ee ka jiray dalkaas qarnigii 20aad.</blockquote> === Cadaadiskii Gumeysiga (Tarxiilkii) === <blockquote>Taariikhdu waxay xustaa in sanadkii 1967, gumeysigii Faransiisku uu [[Jabuuti]] ka tarxiilay dad ka badan <mark>25,000 oo qof qaarkana la diley kuwaas oo u badnaa [[Gadabuursi|beesha Gadabuursi]],</Mark> si uu u dhimo codadka doonayay madax-bannaanida iyo midnimada Soomaali-Weyn.</blockquote> === Heesaa Reer Saylac === Qarnigii 19aad, sahamiyihii reer Austria ee '''Philipp Paulitschke''' ayaa xusay hees qadiimi ah oo ka timid magaalada Saylac. Sida uu sheegay, sanadkii 1886 sarkaal Ingiriis ah oo lagu magacaabi jiray '''J. S. King''' ayaa duubay hees loo yaqaan '''"To My Beloved"''' oo uu tiriyey nin ka tirsan [[Gadabuursi]] gaar ahaan beesha reer Maxamed kuna socotay gabadh ay isku beel ahaayeen. Heestaas ayaa noqotay mid aad looga yaqaan Saylac inkasta oo Soomaalida kale ay ku adkayd inay si buuxda u fahmaan. === Heesta "To My Beloved" === Heesta qadiimiga ah ee laga duubay magaalada Saylac waxaa loo qoray sidan marka loo rogo far Soomaali: <poem><blockquote>"Inád dor santahâj wahân kagarân difta ku gutalah. Jidkagi dalajsna sidî dagal madobája. Bukur dora dûk lamâ hadto ê darafmadan ghaili. Dukad jo tawâschi âd g'amahā dibugu la fijûtu? Darhaga harábka o dakhal sides mughda. Darafjid harako ádigo dalaka lainâjā Dugagadaha wahan kagadigî dûbi l'agêda. Dunjada turkugû nûdugûja dâr-taijadda búhada. Jilal dirbigga Sâhil bâdūbī sarênkīja. Dara'dînă wahio kugudi doha Hirwwâ. Duhbán kagalên nimika dagâ dabâ nugâlīda. Meschád kádaiji kamâ aid'in dûgsin l'abája. Jntán maraddu d'a'is kagadimân dûbō gūguschâda" </blockquote></poem> === Abu Bakr Pasha === Abu Bakr Pasha wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyihii Saylac sanadkii 1877, wuxuuna ka tirsanaa maamulka {{lang|so|Cusmaaniyiinta}} ee gobolka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka soo jeeday [[Gadabuursi|qabiilka Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beesha Maxad case( [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Reer Maxamed]]) ee deggan Saylac iyo hareeraheeda. [[File:Abubakr.jpg|thumb|middle|250px|Abu Bakr Pasha oo ka tirsan Reer Maxamed Habar Muuse, ahaana guddoomiyihii Saylac dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, gaar ahaan sanadkii 1877.]] Sawirka Abu Bakr Pasha waxaa sameeyay safar-baarayaal ka socday {{lang|it|Società Geografica Italiana}} intii u dhaxeysay 1877–1878, markii ay sahaminayeen dhulka {{lang|so|Ethiopia}} iyo Geeska Afrika. Saylac xilligaa waxay ahayd deked ganacsi oo muhiim ah, isku xirta gudaha Ethiopia iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. === Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh === '''Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh''' wuxuu ahaa sarkaal boolis (Sub-Inspector of Police) oo ka shaqayn jiray magaalada [[Zeila]] xilligii maamulka [[British Somaliland]] horraantii qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii Soomaalida ee ka shaqayn jiray maamulka Ingiriiska ee xeebaha waqooyi ee Soomaalida. [[File:Burallehroble.jpg|thumb|280px|Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh oo ka tirsan beesha reer Maxamed ([[Maxad case|Maxamed case]]) ee beelweynta [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuurs]]<nowiki/>i, ahaana Sarkaal police ka hawl geli jiray Saylac, iyo General Gordon, Gudoomiyihi British Somaliland, Magaalada [[Saylac]] (1921).]] Buugga '''Sun, Sand and Somals''' (1921), oo uu qoray [[Major H. Rayne]], ayaa xusay Buralleh Robleh isaga oo ahaa sarkaal boolis oo muhiim ah oo ka hawlgeli jiray Zeila. Qoraagu wuxuu tilmaamay in Buralleh Robleh uu ka mid ahaa ragga deegaanka ee Ingiriisku ku tiirsanaa si ay u maamulaan amniga iyo nidaamka magaalada Saylac iyo deegaannada ku xeeran. Sannadkii 1921 ayaa sawir laga qaaday Buralleh Robleh isaga oo la socda guddoomiyihii [[British Somaliland]] '''General Gordon''' xilli uu booqasho ku joogay magaalada Zeila. Sawirkaas oo markii dambe lagu daabacay qoraallo iyo kayd taariikheed ayaa muujinaya kaalintii saraakiisha Soomaalida ee ka qayb qaadan jiray maamulka gumaysiga ee deegaanka. === Xiriirka Beesha Reer Maxamed === Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay qayb ka ahayd *hoggaanka bulshada iyo ganacsiga Saylac*, waxayna la xiriirtay '''beesha Habar Muuse (Abreyn)'''. Taariikh ahaan, xubno ka tirsan beeshan ayaa ka qayb qaatay: * Maamulka dekedaha Saylac * Ganacsiga xoolaha iyo badeecooyinka kale * Ilaalinta iyo difaaca bulshada deegaanka. === Ganacsiga Xeebaha === [[File:Zeila waterfront in 1877.jpg|thumb|Middle|350px|Sawirka Xeebaha dekeda Saylac,1877.]] <blockquote> Taariikh ahaan, beesha '''Reer Maxamed''' oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]] waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday xeebaha waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], iyo gudaha dhulka [[Harar]]. Ganacsatada beeshan waxay qayb ka ahaayeen shabakaddii ganacsi ee isku xidhi jirtay xeebaha Badda Cas iyo suuqyada gudaha Itoobiya.</blockquote><br><blockquote> Ganacsatada Reer Maxamed waxay ka keeni jireen [[Harar]] iyo dhulka Oromada badeecooyin ay ka mid ahaayeen '''kafee''', '''saffron (baastar)''', '''faan-maroodi''', iyo '''baalal shimbiro''','''Dahab'''. Badeecooyinkan waxaa lagu soo dejin jiray suuqyada xeebaha sida [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], halkaas oo markabyo ka iman jiray [[gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo xeebaha kale ee Badda Cas ay ka qaadi jireen.</blockquote> <blockquote>Dhanka kale, ganacsatadu waxay gudaha u qaadi jireen alaabo dibadda laga keenay sida '''zinc''', '''naxaasta''', '''maryo ballaadhan''', iyo '''badeecooyin kale oo warshadaysan'''. Ganacsigu wuxuu badanaa socon jiray xilliyo gaar ah oo sanadka ka mid ah, ganacsataduna waxay mararka qaar safarro badan ku tegi jireen dekedaha Carabta si ay u dhammeystiraan is-weydaarsiga ganacsiga.</blockquote> Ganacsigan ayaa ka dhigay [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] xarumo muhiim ah oo isku xidha ganacsiga badda iyo kan gudaha, iyadoo ganacsatada Reer Maxamed ay ka mid ahaayeen kooxihii ganacsi ee firfircoonaa ee ka shaqayn jiray isku xidhka suuqyada [[Harar]] iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. == Laamaha == * Reer Cabdille * Axmed Cigaal * Galaalweyn * Gadhadhweyn * Dhegood * Reer Aadan * Horkameer * Reer Rooble == Hoggaanka Dhaqanka == Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay leedahay cuqaal iyo odayaal dhaqameed. Waxaa ka mid ah: * Suldaan Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdi Riiraash * Suldaan Xaaji Daahir Awcilmi * Caaqil Cali Bile Suldaan * Caaqil Faarax Geedi Cali * Caaqil Cabdi Axmed Dhidar * Caaqil Mahdi Warsame Kaahin * Caaqil Faarax Ilka-case * Caaqil Cabdi Cilmi Camir == Siyaasadda == Qaar ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta laga soo jeedo beesha waxaa ka mid ah: * Cali Xaamud Jibriil (Ex-Wasiir iyo Xildhibaan) * Axmed Xaaji Daahir Aw Cilmi * Ahmed Adan Ahmed Buuhane (Wasiirka Qorshaynta Somaliland) * Mukhtaar Cige Aamin Guuleed * Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud (Afwayne) * Caasha Koos (Xildhibaan Golaha Shacabka) * Maxamed Cabdi Gaafane * Farah Ismail Sidci (Guddoomiyaha Komishanka Doorashooyinka Gobolka Awdal) == Ganacsato == Qaar ka mid ah ganacsatada: * Xaaji Muumin Jaamac Samaale * Xaaji Daauud Cali Samaale * Mustafe Mohamed Daahir * Ahmed Cabdirahman Colahaye * Xuseen Kaahiye Khaliif == Aqoonyahanno == * Prof. Xuseen Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Saleeban Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Maxamed Kaahiye Khaliif * Nuur Aadan Shirdoon == Saraakiil Ciidan == * S/Guuto Yuusuf Aw Iimaan Diiriye * S/Guuto Axmed Ciise Ruush * G/Sare Mako Jaamac Xuseen * G/Dhexe Cali Uurdoox * G/Le Axmed Kaahin == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii ifat]] * [[Taariikhda Jabuuti]] * [[Gadabuursi]] == Tixraac == <references> <ref>https://alchetron.com/Sultan-Mahomed-Haji-Dideh</ref> <ref>https://wardheernews.com/first-footsteps-into-the-horn-sir-richard-burton-and-the-tribes-of-the-somali-frontier/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-zeila-zayla</ref> <ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/646653318/he-Trade-of-the-Gulf-of-Aden-Ports-of-Africa</ref> <ref>https://markjosephjochim.com/2017/09/12/french-somali-coast-81-1915/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-harar-the-city</ref> <ref>https://sah.org/2015/02/11/harar-and-old-goa-architectural-hybridity-on-the-periphery/</ref> <ref>https://grokipedia.com/page/Abadir_Umar_ar-Rida</ref> <ref>https://www.academia.edu/50936381/The_Ethiopian_Adal_War_1529_1543</ref> <ref>https://panafrocore.com/2024/04/02/the-history-of-the-adal-sultanate-in-the-horn-of-africa/</ref> <ref>https://en.sewasew.com/p/gadabuursi-ethnography</ref> <ref>https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/gadabuursi.html</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314597073_Ifat_Sultanate_of</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-muslim-kingdom-in-the-ethiopian</ref> <ref>http://beeshadireed.blogspot.com/2012/04/reer-Maxamed-gadabursi-dir-clan.html</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Gadabuursi |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadabuursi |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Dir (clan) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_(clan) |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> </references> 2jgunvpryfo9vzuzv5f8nilmeod5855 296065 296064 2026-03-30T19:50:32Z شيخ عبد الرحمن 44350 Corrected 296065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Somali Clan}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Reer Maxamed<br> رير محمد <br> La famille de Mohammed | native_name = رير محمد | native_name_lang = ar | flag = [[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Qatar.svg|70px]] [[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Kuwait.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg|60px]] [[File:Flag_of_Italy.svg|60px]] | ethnicity = Somali | clan = Samaroon | parent_tribe = Gadabuursi (Dir) | subclan = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed | descended = Maxamed Muuse Maxamed Samarroon Siciid Daa'uud |rels=[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|19px]] [[Islam]] ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni<Sup>100%</sup>]])|related-c=[[Maxad case]], [[Bahabar Aadan]] , [[Habarcafaan]] , [[Makaahiil]] ,[[Jibriil Yoonis]] and other [[Gadabuursi]] groups <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->|languages=[[Somali]], [[Carabi]], [[Oromo]], [[France|French]], [[English]], [[Amharic]]|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Djibouti}}|region3={{flagcountry|Ethiopia}}|region4={{flagcountry|Saudi_Arabia}}|region5={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region6={{flagcountry|United States}}|region7={{flagcountry|Somalia}}|region8={{flagcountry|Eritrea}}}} '''Reer Moh'd''' ([[Af-Soomaali|Soomaali]]: '''Reer Maxamed''', [[Af-Carabi]]: رير محمد, [[Af-Faransiis]]:'''La famille de Mohammed''') waa jilib ka tirsan beelaha Samaroon ([[Gadabuursi]]), gaar ahaan faraca '''Maxamed Muuse Maxamed ee Siciid Daa'uud'''. Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]<ref>"Beeshu waxay inta badan degtaa gobolka [[Salal]]"</ref>, [[Awdal]], [[Hargeysa]] ee [[Somaliland]] iyo Jamhuuriyadda [[Djibouti]], sidoo kale waxay ku nool yihiin qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya iyo qurbaha. [[File:Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7).png|thumb|300px|<Mark>Calanka Beesha Reer Maxamed (RM7)</Mark>]] == Qaybinta iyo Deegaannada == *Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay ka mid tahay beelaha hoostaga '''Habar Muuse''', waxaana ay ka tirsan tahay faraca Maxamedcase Makadoor Siciid Daa'uud ee Gadabuursi. Beeshu waxay ka kooban tahay toddoba jilib.Waan qabiilka ugu badan Beelaha maxamed case,Reer Maxamed waa dadka ilbax ahaan ugu horeeya dadka Soomaalida taasi waxa kuu cadaynaysa: Marka la jooga qurbaha ama dalka dibadiisa in xifiisyada iyo meelaha shaqooyinka muhiimka ahi ka socdaan dadka kaliya ee aad ku arkaysaa ay yihiin dad ka soo jeeda Beesha Reer Maxamed, markaas taasi waxa ay ku tusinaysaa inay yihiin dad leh xadaarad iyo ilbaxnimo soo jireen ah. *Reer maxamed waa dad lagu yaqaano geesinimo iyo raganimo sido kale waa dad xadaariyiina. *Beesha Reer Maxamed waa Beelaha hogaanka siyaasadeed maamul majaraha u haya dawladaha Soomaalida.Beesha Reer Maxamed ayaa ilaa wakhtigan saamayn wayn kuleh ama u taliya siyaasada dawladaha Geeska ama dawladaha Soomaalida. Siyaasiyiinta Reer Maxamed waa kuwa badiyaa Beelaha Gadabuursi ama Maxamed Case u matala kuraasta saami siyaasadeed ee [[Somaliland]], [[Somalia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. <blockquote>Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay caan ku tahay nabada iyo horumarka. Tan iyo ilaa heshiisyadii lagu dhisay maamulka Soomaaliland ayay beeshu martigelin, taageero, dhexdhexaadin iyo tusaalayn ku wadan bulshada ku dhaqan deegaanadaasi. Waxaa intaas dheer oo [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|beesha Reer Maxamed]] lagu yaqaanaa horumarinta iyo dhiirigelinta waxbarashada, caafimaadka, aqoonta iyo cilmiga.</blockquote> '''Deegaannada ay beeshu degto waxaa ka mid ah:''' * Dooxada Dibirawayn * Degmada Baki * Abdulqaadir * Dooxada Biji * Tooraboore * Fardo-lagu-xidh * Budlalay * Qabri-bayax * Balcad * Janaale * Bu'aale * Aw-dheegle * Lawyacaddo * Heemaal * Kismaayo * Fiqi Aadan * Sheekh Awaare * Damasha * Saylac * Jaldessa * Diri * Xooray * Carawayne * Afcas * Xamarta * Hargeysa * Cali Xaydh * Bus * Caasha-cado * Bacado * Jidhi * Buurta Siimoodi * Dur-Dur Cad * Sitti * Abaarso * Kalabaydh * Hadh-wanaag * Arabsiyo * Harar * Gabiley * Sanaag * Sambabka Cas * Jowhar * Dilla * Magaalada Borama (Gobolka Awdal) * Qaybo ka mid ah Djibouti * Iyo Qurbaha == Dhaqaalaha == *Dhaqaalaha '''Beesha Reer Maxamed''' waa mid ku dhisan saddex tiir oo waaweyn: xoolo-dhaqasho, macdan, iyo beeraha. Beeshu waxay degtaa deegaano kala duwan, taas oo sahashay in ay yeeshaan dhaqaale ku tiirsan khayraadka dabiiciga ah iyo ganacsi isku xidhan. === Xoolo-dhaqasho === [[File:Somali camel.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Geelaha dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] [[File:Somali Goats.jpg|thumb|right|250px| Adhiga dhaqanka ah ee beesha reer Maxamed]] Xoolo-dhaqashadu waa laf-dhabarta dhaqaalaha beesha. Geela, lo’da, iyo ariga ayaa bixiya caano, hilib, iyo dakhli ganacsi oo laga helo suuqyada maxalliga ah iyo kuwa gobolka. === Macdan === [[File:Beryl South Africa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Beryl — Macdanta Beryllium ee Buuraha Simoodi waa mid laga yaqaan deegaanada beeshu ku nooshahay.]] Deegaannada qaarkood ee ay beeshu degto, gaar ahaan Buuraha '''Siimoodi''', waxaa laga helaa dahab iyo macdano kale. Soo saarista macdantani waxay qayb ka qaadataa dakhliga iyo ganacsiga deegaanka iyo qoysaska qaarkood. === Beeraha === [[File:Somalia, Awdal region, Baki District.png|thumb|right|250px|Map-ka Baki, Awdal - Sawir Muujinaya deeganka baki.]] [[File:Baki awdal1.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Beeraha Xabxabka ee baki]] [[File:Watermelon_from_Senegal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Xabxabka la soo goostay]] Beeruhu waa tiir kale oo muhiim ah. '''Beesha reer maxamed''' waxay si gaar ah ugu xeel dheer yihiin beerista xabxabka iyo dalagyo kale. Wax soo saarka qaar waxaa loo suuq geeyaa gudaha dalka, halka qaar kalena loo dhoofiyo dalalka dariska ah sida [[Ethiopia]] iyo [[Djibouti]]. *Ganacsiga beesha kuma koobna wax-soo-saarka oo keliya, balse wuxuu isku xiraa miyiga, goobaha macdanta laga qodo, Goobaha wax-soo-saarka iyo suuqyada waaweyn, taas oo muujinaysa nidaam dhaqaale oo firfircoon. == Taariikhda == [[File:Zeila ruins.jpeg|thumb|middle|350px|Dhismayaal qadiimi ah oo ku yaal magaalada [[Saylac]], kuwaas oo ka mid ah guryihii dhagaxa ahaa ee taariikhiga ahaa ee magaalada ay ka dhistay [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Beesha reer maxamed]].]] <blockquote> Beesha reer maxamed waxay ka mid ahayd bulshooyinkii taariikhda dheer ku lahaa magaalo xeebeedka [[Saylac]] ee gobolka [[Awdal]]. Magaalada Saylac waxay qarniyo badan ahayd xarun ganacsi, diin iyo ilbaxnimo oo muhiim u ahayd Geeska Afrika.</blockquote><br><blockquote>Guryaha qadiimiga ah ee dhagaxa ka samaysan ee ku yaal magaalada ayaa ka mid ah astaamaha taariikhiga ah ee magaalada, waxaana la sheegaa in dhismayaashaasi ay la xiriireen farsamooyin hore oo lagu farsamayn jiray sonkorta iyo ganacsiga badeecooyinka kale.</blockquote> [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Ruins of the Muslim [[Adal Sultanate|Sultanate of Adal]] in Zeila, Somaliland]] Saylac waxay ahayd magaalo muhiim ah oo ku jirtay dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee Geeska Afrika sida [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]] iyo [[Saldanadii Cadal]]. Labadan saldanadood waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen taariikhda gobolka, gaar ahaan xilligii dagaalladii u dhexeeyay dawladaha Islaamka iyo boqortooyadii Abyssinia. [[File:The Sultanate of Ifat.png|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii Ifat]].]] Saldanadii Ifat waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee hore uga jiray Geeska Afrika, waxayna maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah xeebaha iyo dhulka gudaha. Magaalada Saylac waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dekedihii muhiimka ahaa ee dawladan. [[File:Adal sultanate during the conquest of habesh.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Khariidad muujinaysa dhulkii ay ka talin jirtay [[Saldanadii Cadal]].]] Kadib burburkii Ifat, [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ayaa noqotay dawlad awood badan oo maamuli jirtay qaybo badan oo ka mid ah Geeska Afrika. Xilligii [[Imaam Axmed Guray|Imaam Axmed Gurey]] (Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi)oo aha [[Gadabuursi|Beesha Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beelaha Maxad case lafta Cismaan Muuse Maxamed Case (Abrayn ), Cadal waxay noqotay quwad militari oo xooggan oo dagaallo waaweyn la gashay boqortooyadii Itoobiya. [[File:City Gate, Harar Jugol (14464345823).jpg|City_Gate,_Harar_Jugol_(14464345823)|thumb|right|280px|Derbiyada magaalada taariikhiga ah ee [[Harar]].]] Magaalada [[Harar]] ayaa sidoo kale xiriir dhow la lahayd Saylac iyo dawladihii Islaamiga ahaa ee gobolka. Harar waxay ahayd xarun diimeed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo muhiim ah qarniyo badan. === Kaalinta Beesha Gadabuursi ee Halganka Madax-bannaanida Jabuuti === Beesha [[Gadabuursi]] (Samaroon) waxay door aasaasi ah ka qaadatay halgankii madax-bannaanida dalka Jabuuti. Iyadoo ka kooban saddexda garab ee waaweyn ('''Habar Cafaan, Makaahiil, iyo Mahad-Asse'''), beeshu waxay horseed ka ahayd dhaqdhaqaaqyadii ugu horreeyay ee siyaasadda iyo kuwii dambe ee hubaysnaa. === Geesiyaasha Beesha ee Halganka Horkacay === ==== 1. Hoggaanka Siyaasadda iyo Bilowgii Halganka ==== * '''Djama Ali Moussa (Mahad-Asse= Bahabar celi)''': Wuxuu ahaa ninkii u horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto madaxa Golaha Dowladda (President of the Government Council) ee French Somaliland (1946–1957). Wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Jabuuti. * '''Sultan Mahamed Haji Dideh (Mahad-Asse=Bahabar celi)''': Ganacsade iyo oday dhaqameed dhisay kaabayaasha magaalada Jabuuti, dhisayna masaajidkii ugu horreeyay 1891,ahaana ninkii magaca '''French Somaliland''' (Côte Française des Somalis) u bixiyay dhulka Jabuuti, ninkaas waxa la sheegaa inuu ahaa halgamaagii weynaa ee jabuuti soo mara. Sidoo kale aha suldanki Saylac waqtigi British Somaliland horaantii qarnigii 20aad. * '''Haji Jibril Jilane Farah(Mahad-Asse=Rer Maxamed)''': Halgamaa weyn oo lagu yaqaanay aragtidiisa dheer iyo dhabar-adayga uu kala hor yimid gumeysiga Faransiiska, ahaana siyaasigii ugu muhiim sanaa ee Faransiisku ku dileen [[Jabuuti|Jabuuti.]] ==== 2. Aqoonyahannada iyo Garabka Hubaysan (FLCS) ==== * '''Dr. Omar Osman Rabeh (Makaahiil/Reer Yoonis)''': Aqoonyahan iyo mufakir weyn. Xabsigii uu ku jiray 1968–1975 wuxuu ahaa calaamad u ah iska caabinta Faransiiska. Isaga dartiis ayaa loo fuliyay afduubkii safiirka Faransiiska. * '''Mohamed Osman Huffaneh (Makaahiil)''': Mid ka mid ah saraakiishii ugu sarreeyay ee ururka [[Somali Coast Protectorate|FLCS]], ahaana ninkii horseeday hawlgalladii milatari ee gumeysiga lagu wiiqay. * '''Omar Sharidi Buuni (Habar Cafaan)''': Halgamaa caan ah oo ka mid ahaa dhallinyaradii ugu horreysay ee abaabusha kacdoonnada magaalooyinka, isagoo ka tirsanaa ururradii horyaalka u ahaa xornimada. * '''Mohamed Omar(Makaahiil: Bahabar Cabdale)(Halgamaa)''':Waxa uu ka mid ahaa dhalinyarti u soo dhabar adaygay cadaadiska gumeysiga ee lala beegsanayay halgamayaasha Jabuuti ==== 3. Haweenka Geesiyaasha ah ==== Dumarka Gadabuursi waxay ahaayeen kuwo si geesinnimo leh ugu dhex jiray mudaaharaadyada: * '''Dahabo Farah (Mahad-Asse=rer Mahamed)''': Waxay ahayd hoggaamiye bulsho oo caan ku ahayd abaabulka haweenka iyo dhiirigelinta dadka u taagan xornimada. * '''Xadiija (Khadra) Gadabuursi''': Waxay ka dhex muuqatay safafka hore ee kacdoonkii dadweynaha, iyadoo ka badbaaday xarigyo iyo cadaadis badan. <Mark>Iyo qaar kaloo badan oo la qariyey Taariikhdooda iyo halganka ay ka qaateen halganka madax-banaanida jabuuti.</Mark> === Kaalintii Ururka FLCS iyo Beesha Gadabuursi === <blockquote>Beesha Gadabuursi waxay saldhig weyn u ahayd ururkii [[Somali Coast Protectorate|Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS)]]. Inta badan dhalinyarada beesha waxay ka soo galeen halganka dhinaca xuduudka Somaliland (Saylac iyo Lughaya), iyagoo gumeysiga ka soo weerari jiray dhinaca koonfureed ee Jabuuti. Taariikh ahaana, [[Beesha Maxamed Case|beelaha Maxamed Case]] oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]], kuwaas oo dega Saylac iyo deegaanka ku xeeran, waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen dhacdooyin badan oo taariikhi ah oo ka dhacay Geeska Afrika. Qaar ka mid ah dadka beelahan ayaa sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay halgankii lagu xoreynayay [[Jabuuti]] xilligii [[Faransiiska|gumaysiga Faransiiska]], iyagoo ka mid ahaa kooxihii ugu badnaa ee ka soo horjeeday maamulka gumaysiga ee Faransiiska ee ka jiray dalkaas qarnigii 20aad.</blockquote> === Cadaadiskii Gumeysiga (Tarxiilkii) === <blockquote>Taariikhdu waxay xustaa in sanadkii 1967, gumeysigii Faransiisku uu [[Jabuuti]] ka tarxiilay dad ka badan <mark>25,000 oo qof qaarkana la diley kuwaas oo u badnaa [[Gadabuursi|beesha Gadabuursi]],</Mark> si uu u dhimo codadka doonayay madax-bannaanida iyo midnimada Soomaali-Weyn.</blockquote> === Heesaa Reer Saylac === Qarnigii 19aad, sahamiyihii reer Austria ee '''Philipp Paulitschke''' ayaa xusay hees qadiimi ah oo ka timid magaalada Saylac. Sida uu sheegay, sanadkii 1886 sarkaal Ingiriis ah oo lagu magacaabi jiray '''J. S. King''' ayaa duubay hees loo yaqaan '''"To My Beloved"''' oo uu tiriyey nin ka tirsan [[Gadabuursi]] gaar ahaan beesha reer Maxamed kuna socotay gabadh ay isku beel ahaayeen. Heestaas ayaa noqotay mid aad looga yaqaan Saylac inkasta oo Soomaalida kale ay ku adkayd inay si buuxda u fahmaan. === Heesta "To My Beloved" === Heesta qadiimiga ah ee laga duubay magaalada Saylac waxaa loo qoray sidan marka loo rogo far Soomaali: <poem><blockquote>"Inád dor santahâj wahân kagarân difta ku gutalah. Jidkagi dalajsna sidî dagal madobája. Bukur dora dûk lamâ hadto ê darafmadan ghaili. Dukad jo tawâschi âd g'amahā dibugu la fijûtu? Darhaga harábka o dakhal sides mughda. Darafjid harako ádigo dalaka lainâjā Dugagadaha wahan kagadigî dûbi l'agêda. Dunjada turkugû nûdugûja dâr-taijadda búhada. Jilal dirbigga Sâhil bâdūbī sarênkīja. Dara'dînă wahio kugudi doha Hirwwâ. Duhbán kagalên nimika dagâ dabâ nugâlīda. Meschád kádaiji kamâ aid'in dûgsin l'abája. Jntán maraddu d'a'is kagadimân dûbō gūguschâda" </blockquote></poem> === Abu Bakr Pasha === Abu Bakr Pasha wuxuu ahaa guddoomiyihii Saylac sanadkii 1877, wuxuuna ka tirsanaa maamulka {{lang|so|Cusmaaniyiinta}} ee gobolka. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay inuu ka soo jeeday [[Gadabuursi|qabiilka Gadabuursi]] gaar ahan beesha Maxad case( [[Beesha reer maxamed Maxad case|Reer Maxamed]]) ee deggan Saylac iyo hareeraheeda. [[File:Abubakr.jpg|thumb|middle|250px|Abu Bakr Pasha oo ka tirsan Reer Maxamed Habar Muuse, ahaana guddoomiyihii Saylac dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, gaar ahaan sanadkii 1877.]] Sawirka Abu Bakr Pasha waxaa sameeyay safar-baarayaal ka socday {{lang|it|Società Geografica Italiana}} intii u dhaxeysay 1877–1878, markii ay sahaminayeen dhulka {{lang|so|Ethiopia}} iyo Geeska Afrika. Saylac xilligaa waxay ahayd deked ganacsi oo muhiim ah, isku xirta gudaha Ethiopia iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. === Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh === '''Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh''' wuxuu ahaa sarkaal boolis (Sub-Inspector of Police) oo ka shaqayn jiray magaalada [[Zeila]] xilligii maamulka [[British Somaliland]] horraantii qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saraakiishii Soomaalida ee ka shaqayn jiray maamulka Ingiriiska ee xeebaha waqooyi ee Soomaalida. [[File:Burallehroble.jpg|thumb|280px|Buralleh (Buralli) Robleh oo ka tirsan beesha reer Maxamed ([[Maxad case|Maxamed case]]) ee beelweynta [[Gadabuursi|Gadabuurs]]<nowiki/>i, ahaana Sarkaal police ka hawl geli jiray Saylac, iyo General Gordon, Gudoomiyihi British Somaliland, Magaalada [[Saylac]] (1921).]] Buugga '''Sun, Sand and Somals''' (1921), oo uu qoray [[Major H. Rayne]], ayaa xusay Buralleh Robleh isaga oo ahaa sarkaal boolis oo muhiim ah oo ka hawlgeli jiray Zeila. Qoraagu wuxuu tilmaamay in Buralleh Robleh uu ka mid ahaa ragga deegaanka ee Ingiriisku ku tiirsanaa si ay u maamulaan amniga iyo nidaamka magaalada Saylac iyo deegaannada ku xeeran. Sannadkii 1921 ayaa sawir laga qaaday Buralleh Robleh isaga oo la socda guddoomiyihii [[British Somaliland]] '''General Gordon''' xilli uu booqasho ku joogay magaalada Zeila. Sawirkaas oo markii dambe lagu daabacay qoraallo iyo kayd taariikheed ayaa muujinaya kaalintii saraakiisha Soomaalida ee ka qayb qaadan jiray maamulka gumaysiga ee deegaanka. === Xiriirka Beesha Reer Maxamed === Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay qayb ka ahayd *hoggaanka bulshada iyo ganacsiga Saylac*, waxayna la xiriirtay '''beesha Habar Muuse (Abreyn)'''. Taariikh ahaan, xubno ka tirsan beeshan ayaa ka qayb qaatay: * Maamulka dekedaha Saylac * Ganacsiga xoolaha iyo badeecooyinka kale * Ilaalinta iyo difaaca bulshada deegaanka. === Ganacsiga Xeebaha === [[File:Zeila waterfront in 1877.jpg|thumb|Middle|350px|Sawirka Xeebaha dekeda Saylac,1877.]] <blockquote> Taariikh ahaan, beesha '''Reer Maxamed''' oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Gadabuursi]] waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday xeebaha waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika, gaar ahaan magaalooyinka [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], iyo gudaha dhulka [[Harar]]. Ganacsatada beeshan waxay qayb ka ahaayeen shabakaddii ganacsi ee isku xidhi jirtay xeebaha Badda Cas iyo suuqyada gudaha Itoobiya.</blockquote><br><blockquote> Ganacsatada Reer Maxamed waxay ka keeni jireen [[Harar]] iyo dhulka Oromada badeecooyin ay ka mid ahaayeen '''kafee''', '''saffron (baastar)''', '''faan-maroodi''', iyo '''baalal shimbiro''','''Dahab'''. Badeecooyinkan waxaa lagu soo dejin jiray suuqyada xeebaha sida [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]], halkaas oo markabyo ka iman jiray [[gacanka Cadmeed]] iyo xeebaha kale ee Badda Cas ay ka qaadi jireen.</blockquote> <blockquote>Dhanka kale, ganacsatadu waxay gudaha u qaadi jireen alaabo dibadda laga keenay sida '''zinc''', '''naxaasta''', '''maryo ballaadhan''', iyo '''badeecooyin kale oo warshadaysan'''. Ganacsigu wuxuu badanaa socon jiray xilliyo gaar ah oo sanadka ka mid ah, ganacsataduna waxay mararka qaar safarro badan ku tegi jireen dekedaha Carabta si ay u dhammeystiraan is-weydaarsiga ganacsiga.</blockquote> Ganacsigan ayaa ka dhigay [[Zeila|Saylac]] iyo [[Bulaxaar]] xarumo muhiim ah oo isku xidha ganacsiga badda iyo kan gudaha, iyadoo ganacsatada Reer Maxamed ay ka mid ahaayeen kooxihii ganacsi ee firfircoonaa ee ka shaqayn jiray isku xidhka suuqyada [[Harar]] iyo xeebaha Badda Cas. == Laamaha == * Reer Cabdille * Axmed Cigaal * Galaalweyn * Gadhadhweyn * Dhegood * Reer Aadan * Horkameer == Hoggaanka Dhaqanka == Beesha Reer Maxamed waxay leedahay cuqaal iyo odayaal dhaqameed. Waxaa ka mid ah: * Suldaan Sheekh Ibraahim Cabdi Riiraash * Suldaan Xaaji Daahir Awcilmi * Caaqil Cali Bile Suldaan * Caaqil Faarax Geedi Cali * Caaqil Cabdi Axmed Dhidar * Caaqil Mahdi Warsame Kaahin * Caaqil Faarax Ilka-case * Caaqil Cabdi Cilmi Camir == Siyaasadda == Qaar ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta laga soo jeedo beesha waxaa ka mid ah: * Cali Xaamud Jibriil (Ex-Wasiir iyo Xildhibaan) * Axmed Xaaji Daahir Aw Cilmi * Ahmed Adan Ahmed Buuhane (Wasiirka Qorshaynta Somaliland) * Mukhtaar Cige Aamin Guuleed * Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud (Afwayne) * Caasha Koos (Xildhibaan Golaha Shacabka) * Maxamed Cabdi Gaafane * Farah Ismail Sidci (Guddoomiyaha Komishanka Doorashooyinka Gobolka Awdal) == Ganacsato == Qaar ka mid ah ganacsatada: * Xaaji Muumin Jaamac Samaale * Xaaji Daauud Cali Samaale * Mustafe Mohamed Daahir * Ahmed Cabdirahman Colahaye * Xuseen Kaahiye Khaliif == Aqoonyahanno == * Prof. Xuseen Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Saleeban Cige Aamin Guuleed * Prof. Maxamed Kaahiye Khaliif * Nuur Aadan Shirdoon == Saraakiil Ciidan == * S/Guuto Yuusuf Aw Iimaan Diiriye * S/Guuto Axmed Ciise Ruush * G/Sare Mako Jaamac Xuseen * G/Dhexe Cali Uurdoox * G/Le Axmed Kaahin == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Saldanadi Ifat|Saldanadii ifat]] * [[Taariikhda Jabuuti]] * [[Gadabuursi]] == Tixraac == <references> <ref>https://alchetron.com/Sultan-Mahomed-Haji-Dideh</ref> <ref>https://wardheernews.com/first-footsteps-into-the-horn-sir-richard-burton-and-the-tribes-of-the-somali-frontier/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-zeila-zayla</ref> <ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/646653318/he-Trade-of-the-Gulf-of-Aden-Ports-of-Africa</ref> <ref>https://markjosephjochim.com/2017/09/12/french-somali-coast-81-1915/</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-complete-history-of-harar-the-city</ref> <ref>https://sah.org/2015/02/11/harar-and-old-goa-architectural-hybridity-on-the-periphery/</ref> <ref>https://grokipedia.com/page/Abadir_Umar_ar-Rida</ref> <ref>https://www.academia.edu/50936381/The_Ethiopian_Adal_War_1529_1543</ref> <ref>https://panafrocore.com/2024/04/02/the-history-of-the-adal-sultanate-in-the-horn-of-africa/</ref> <ref>https://en.sewasew.com/p/gadabuursi-ethnography</ref> <ref>https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/gadabuursi.html</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314597073_Ifat_Sultanate_of</ref> <ref>https://www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/a-muslim-kingdom-in-the-ethiopian</ref> <ref>http://beeshadireed.blogspot.com/2012/04/reer-Maxamed-gadabursi-dir-clan.html</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Gadabuursi |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadabuursi |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Dir (clan) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_(clan) |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> </references> 44r4x21mklj8y1dadzme8fz9zx95stj 0 23613 296068 242375 2026-03-31T00:35:46Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 296068 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta''' waa barnaamij sanadlaha ah oo carruurta loogu talo galay oo ay fuliso shirkadda PJSC Gazprom. Ujeedada barnaamijku waa si loo kobciyo mabaadiida muhiimka ah looguna beero da' yarta xiise ay u qabaan hab nololeed caafimaad qab leh iyadoo la adeegsanayo kubadda cagta<ref><nowiki>https://www.sportindustry.biz/news/football-friendship-project-returns</nowiki></ref>. Qaabdhismeedka barnaamijka, ciyaartooda kubadda cagta ee da'da 12 sano jir ah oo kaka la socoda dal oo kala duwan<ref>inserbia.info/today/2014/04/gazproms-football-for-friendship-2014</ref> ayaa qayb galka Koobka Adduunka ee "Saaxiibtinimada KubaddaCagta", iyo Maalinta Caalamiga ah ee Kubadda Cagta iyo Saaxiibtinimada.<ref>www.newswire.ca/en/story/1505319/europe-and-asia-to-meet-within-football-for-friendship-international-children-s-social-project-of-gazprom</ref> Barnaamijka waxaa taageeray FIFA, UEFA, UN, Olympic iyo Guddiyada Paralympic, dowladaha iyo xiriirada kubada cagta ee wadamo kala duwan, samafalada qaranka, hay'adaha bulshada, hogaaminayo kooxyada kubada cagta ee dhulka<ref>https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/reviews/futbol-dlya-druzhby-2018-obyavleny-imena-uchastnikov-programmy-ot-rossii-1401229/</ref>. Barnaamika the global organizer waa Shirkadda Isgaarsiinta AGCT (Ruush).<ref>www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-meet-at-third-international-childrens-football-for-friendship-forum-506472841.html</ref> == Taariikhda == === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee 2013 === Kulankii ugu horreeyay ee caalamiga ahaa ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee loo qabto  670 oo carruur waxa uuka dhacay magaalada London 25-kii Maayo 2013. Waxana ka qayb galay carruur ka kala socotay 8 dal oo kala ah Bulgaria iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Hungary iyo Jarmalka iyo Giriiga iyo Ruushka iyo Serbia iyo Slovenia. Ruushka waxa matalayay 11 kooxood oo kubadda cagta ah oo ka kala socda 11 magaalo oo lagu qaban doono ciyaaraha Koobka Adduunka sannadka 2018. Sidoo kale waxa ka qayb galay naadiyada carruurta ee Zenit, Chelsea, Schalka 04, Crvena Zvezda oo ah naadiyada ku guulaystay maalinta ciyaaraha caruurta ee shirkadda Gazprom, sidoo kale waxa ka qayb galay Madashaas kooxihii ku guulaystay Dabaaldagga Fakel.<ref><nowiki>https://archive.is/20150515191023/http:/fcbusiness.co.uk/news/article/newsitem=2379/title=franz+beckenbauer+kicks+off+gazprom%92s+%91football+for+friendship%92+campaign</nowiki></ref> Kulanku intuu socday, caruurtu waxay la hadleen dhigooda ka socday dalalka kale iyo ciyaaryahannada caanka ah, waxaanay ka qayb galeen ciyaartii kama dambaysta ahayd ee Tartanka Horyaalka Kooxaha Yurub sannadkii 2012/2013 lagu qabtay garoonka Wembley.<ref>www.ntv.ru/sport/627113</ref> Madasha waxa lagu soo gunaanaday dhambaal furan oo ay carruurtu ku xuseen qiyam sideed ah oo barnaamijka u dejisan oo kala ah: saaxiibtinimo, sinnaan, caddaalad, nabadgalyo, daacadnimo, guul iyo dhaqan. Kadib dhambaalka waxa loo diray madaxda UEFA iyo FIFA iyo IOC. Bishii September ee 2013, intii lagu jiray kulankii lala qaatay Vladimir Putin iyo Vitaly Mutko, waxa uu xaqiijiyay Sepp Blatter in uu soo gaadhay dhambaalku, waxaanu sheegay in uu diyaar u yahay in uu taageero Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta.<ref><nowiki>https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/marketing/sponsorship/partners/gazprom.html</nowiki></ref> === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee 2014 === Xili ciyaareedkii labaad ee barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta waxa lagu qabtay magaalada Lisbon 23-25-kii May 2014 waxaana ka qayb galay in ka badan 450 dhalin ah oo ka kala socday 16 dal: Belarus, Bulgaria, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Hungary, Jarmalka, Talyaaniga, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, France iyo Croatia. Ciyaartoyda da'da yar waxay qayb galeen Madasha caalamiga ah eeSaaxiibtinimad Kubadda Cagta, tartanka kubadda cagtaee  wadooyinka, waxyna ka qayb galeen ciyaartii kama dambaysta ee Horyaalka Kooxaha Yurub ee sanadkii 2013/2014<ref name=":0">www.euronews.com/2014/05/27/football-for-friendship-teaching-values-through-football</ref> Kooxdii ku guulaysatay ciyaaraha dariiqyada sanadkii 2014 waxa ay ahayd kooxda Benfica junior (Portugal). Natiijooyinkii xili ciyaareedka labaad ee barnaamijka waxay aheyd doorashada hoggaanka dhaqdhaqaaqa Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta. Waxa loo doortay Felipe Suarez oo u dhashay Portugal. Bishii June 2014, isagoo ah hogaamiyaha dhaqdhaqaaqa, waxa uu booqday wareega sagaalaad ee kubadda cagta kacaanka oo ahayd xuskii Yuri Andreyevich Morozov.<ref>www.lazionews.eu/settore-giovanile/oltre-450-ragazzi-riuniti-da-gazprom-in-occasione-del-secondo-forum-internazionale-football-for-friendship/</ref> === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee 2015 === Xili ciyaareedka saddexaad ee barnaamijka caalamiga ah ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta  waxa lagu qabtay bishii June 2015 magaalada Berlin. Markii ugu horraysay waxa ka qayb galay barnaamijka caruur ka socota qaarada Aasiya, oo ka kala socday dalalk Japan iyo China iyo Kazakhstan. Guud ahaan, kooxo da'yar ah oo kala socday 24 naadi kubadda cagta ah oo ka socday 24 dal ayaa ka qayb galay xili ciyaareedkii sadexaad.<ref name=":1">www.noodls.com/viewNoodl/28582380/oao-gazprom/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-</ref> Ciyaaryahannada da'da yar waxay la sheekaysteen dhigoodii oo ka socday dalal kale iyo waliba xidigaha kubadda cagta oo uu ka mid yahay safiirka caalamiga ah ee barnaamijka Franz Beckenbauer, waxaanay sidoo kale ka qayb galeen horyaalka caalamiga ah ee kubadda cagta wadooyinka. Horyaalka Caalamiga ah ee Kubadda Cagta Wadooyinka waxa sannadkii 2015-ka ku guulaystay kooxda Rapid ee da'yarta (Austria).<ref name=":1" /> Xili ciyaareedkii saddexaad ee barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta waxa soo tabinayay wararkiisa ku dhawaad 200 oo wariye oo ka kala socotay wargaysyada ugu caansan caalamka, sidoo kale waxa ka qayb galay 24 wariye ugu da'yar oo ka kala socday Yurub iyo Aasiya, kuwaas oo ka mid ahaa Rugta Warbaahinta Carruurta ee Caalamiga Ah.<ref name=":1" /> Sannadkii 2015 waxa lagu soo gunaanaday xaflad lagu abaal marinayo Koobka qiyamka Sagaalka ah, kaasoo uu ku guulaystay naadiga Barcelona (Spain). Kooxda guushu raacday waxa soo doortay carruurtii ka qayb galay bilawgii Madasha codayn caalami ah oo ka dhacday 24 kii dal ee ka qayb galay Madasha.<ref name=":1" /> Dhammaadkii Madasha dhammaan kooxihii ka qayb galay waxay fuliyeen dhaqanka ah ka qayb galka ciyaarta kama dambaysta ah ee Horyaalka Kooxaha Yurub ee sannadkii 2014/2014kii dhacay Garoonka Olimbikada Berlin.<ref>www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-meet-at-third-international-childrens-football-for-friendship-forum-506472841.html</ref> === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee 2016 === Bilawgii Barnaamijka Caalamiga ah ee Carruurta ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee sannadkii 2016 waxa la qabtay shir jaraa'id oo loo adeegsaday barnaamijka Hangout ee internet-ka, waxaana lagu qabtay magaalada Munich 24-kii Maarso waxaana ka qaybgalay safiirka caalamiga ah ee barnaamjika Franz Beckenbauer.<ref>www.euronews.com/2016/03/25/football-for-friendship-ready-for-fourth-edition/</ref> Wareegii siddeedaad ee barnaamijka, 8 kooxood oo da'yar ah oo ka kala socday dalalka Azerbaijan, Algeria, Armenia, Argentina, Brazil, Vietnam, Kyrgyzstan, iyo Suuriya [20] ayaa ka qayb galay, taasoo ka dhigaysa wadarta guud ee dalalka ka qayb galay 32 dal.<ref>www.sgb-sports.com/index.php/fourth-gazprom-football-for-friendship-project-launches/</ref> 5-tii April 2016, waxa bilaabantay codayntii koobka gaarka ah ee loo yaqaano Koobka Sagaalka Qiyam<ref name=":2"><nowiki>https://rbth.com/sport/2016/03/31/gazprom-soccer-project-unites-worlds-children-for-4th-year_580729</nowiki></ref>. Taageerayaal ka kala socday daafaha aduunka oo dhan ayaa ka qayb galay doorashada kooxda guulaysatay, laakiin go'aankii kama dambaysta ahaa waxaa gaadhay ka qayb galayaashii barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta iyagoo codkooda dhiibanaya. Koobka waxa ku guulaystay kooxda Bayern ee kubadda cagta (Munich). Ka qayb galayaashii barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta waxay xuseen hawlaha uu naadigu fuliyo si uu u taageero caruurta leh baahida khaaska ah ee ku nool dalalka kala duwan iyo caawinta dadka baahan.<ref>rbth.com/sport/2016/06/01/gazprom-brings-soccer-crazy-kids-to-milan-for-uefa-champions-league-final_599353</ref> Kulankii afraad ee caalamiga ah ee carruurta ee barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagtaiyo ciyaartii kama dambaysta ahayd ee horyaalka carruurta ee caalamiga ah ee kubadda cagta waddooyinku wuxuu magaalada Milan ka qabsoomay 27-28 Maajo ee 2016.  Kooxdii ku guulaysatay horyaalku waxay ahayd kooxda Maribor ee dalka Slovenia. Dhammaadkii Madasha ka qaybgalayaashu waxay fuliyeen dhaqanka ah ka qayb galka ciyaarta kama dambaysta ah ee Horyaalka Kooxaha Yurub. Dhacdooyinkii Madasha waxa soo tabinayay wararkiisa in ka badan 200 oo wariye oo ka kala socday wargays yada ugu muhiimsan caalamka, sidoo kale waxa ka qayb galay Rugta Warbaahinta Caruurta ee Caalamiga Ah oo ay matalayeen wariyayaal da'yar oo ka kala socday dalalka ka qayb galay Madasha.<ref>www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/fourth-international-football-for-friendship-forum-brings-together-young-footballers-from-three-continents-581479171.html</ref> Ciyaaryahanno da'yar oo ka socda naadiga Suuriya ee Al-Waxda ayaa ka qayb galay xili ciyaareedkii afraad ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta, taas oo aan hore u dhicin. Ka qayb galinta kooxda reer Suuriya ee barnaamijka, iyo booqashada carruurta reer Suuriya ay ku tageen dhacdooyinka Milan, waxay ahayd tallaabo muhiim ah oo lagaga hortagayo go'doonka bini'aadam nimo ee saaran waddanka. Dhanka kale guddida tifaftirka ciyaaraha ee telefishanka caalamiga ah ee Russia Today, isagoo kaashanaya Xidhiidhka kubadda cagta ee Suuriya, ayaa soo duubay filim dokumenter ah oo lagu magacaabay "Saddex Cisho oo Bilaa Dagaal ah" oo ku saabsan carrurta ka qayb galay mashruuca. 14-kii September 2016-kii, in ka badan 7,000 oo qof ayaa booqday soo bandhigii ugu horreeyay ee filimka oo ka dhacay magaalada Dimishiq.<ref>www.euronews.com/2016/05/31/football-for-friendship-syrian-youth-team-make-tournament-debut-in-milan</ref> === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee 2017 === Goobta lagu qabtay mashruuca bulsheed ee carruurta ee caalamiga ah ee loogu talagalay Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee sannadkii 2017-kii waxa lagu qabtay magaalada St. Petersburg (Ruushka), ciyaarihii ugu dambeeyayna waxa lagu qabtaa magaaladaas intii u dhaxaysay 26-kii June ilaa 3-dii July.<ref>www.live5news.com/story/34934258/fifth-season-of-gazproms-football-for-friendship-international-childrens-project-launched</ref> Sannadkii 2017, tirada dalalka ka qayb galay barnaamijku waxay gaadhay 64 dal halkay ahayd 32 dal. Markii ugu horraysay waxa barnaamijka  Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ah ka qayb galay carruur ka kala socday dalalka Mexico] iyo Maraykanka. Sidaa awgeed, mashruucu waxa uu mideeyay ciyaar yahanno da'yar oo ka kala socday afar qaaradood oo kala — Afrika, Yuureeshiya, iyo Waqooiyga Ameerika iyo Koonfurta Ameerika.<ref>finance.dailyherald.com/dailyherald/news/read/33918303/Fifth_Season_of_Gazprom's_Football_for_Friendship_International_Children's_Project_Launched</ref> Xili ciyaareedkii shanaad barnaamijka waxa loo hirgaliyay hab cusub, halkaasoo ciyaartoy da'yar oo ka socda dal kasta ayaa loo doortay si uu u metelo dalkaas. Kadib waxay ciyaartoydu ku midoobeen sideed kooxood oo caalami ah oo saaxiibtinimo, kuwaas oo ka koobnaa wiilal iyo gabdho 12 jir ah oo ay ku jiraan carruur naafo ah.<ref><nowiki>https://www.merrilledge.com/research/story?stryKey=600-201703161740PR_NEWS_USPRX____enUK201703165338-1</nowiki></ref> Intii ay socotay isku aadka furan, waxa la go'aamiyay dalalka ay ka koobnaan doonaan kooxuhu, iyo doorka ay ciyaari doonaan ciyaar yahannada matalayay dalalka ka qayb galay tartanka. Isku aadka waxa lagu fuliyay habka shirarka shabakada internet-ka. Siddeeda kooxood ee ciyaartoyda da'da yar waxaa u madax ahaa tababarayaal da'yar: Rene Lampert (Slovenia), Stefan Maksimovich (Serbia), Brandon Shabani (Boqortooyada Ingiriiska), Charlie Sui (Shiinaha), Anatoly Chentuloyev (Ruushka), Bogdan Krolevetsky (Ruushka), Anton Ivanov (Ruushka), Emma Henschen (Holan). Sidoo kale Liliya Matsumoto (Jabaan) oo metelaysay rugta saxaafadda caalamiga ah ee barnaamijka Kubadda Cagta ee Saaxiibtinimada ayaa ka qayb gashay diyaarinta isku aadka.<ref name=":3">www.newswit.com/.gen/2017-03-17/bafb838790ea60129b53d1add5e4ee99/</ref> Kooxdii ku guulaysatay Koobka Adduunka ee Saaxiibtinimadu Kubadda Cagta waxay aheyd kooxda 2017 "orange" oo ay ka mid ahaa tababare da'yar iyo ciyaartoy da'yar oo ka kala socday sagaal dal oo kala ah: Rene Lampert (Slovenia), Hong Jun Marvin Tue (Singapore), Paul Puig I Montana (Spain), Gabriel Mendoza (Bolivia), Ravan Kazimov (Azerbaijan), Khrisimir Stanimirov Stanchev (Bulgaria), Ivan Agustin Casco (Argentina), Roman Horak (Czech Republic), Hamzah Yusuf Nuri Alhavvat (Libya).<ref name=":3" /> Madasha caalamiga ah ee carruurta ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta waxa ka qayb galay Viktor Zubkov (guddoomiyaha guddiga agaasimayaasha PJSC Gazprom), Fatma Samura (xoghayaha guud ee ururka FIFA), Philippe Le Flock (maareeyaha guud ee ganacsiga ee ururka FIFA), Giulio Baptista (ciyaartoy reer Brazil ah), Ivan Zamorano (Weeraryahan reer Chile ah), Alexander Kerzhakov (ciyaaroy Ruush ah) iyo marti kale, kuwaas oo ku baaqay kobcinta qiyamka doorka mudan ee bini'aadamnimo iyo in lagu dhex faafiyo jiilka da'da yar<ref>www.euronews.com/2017/07/06/football-brings-kids-together</ref>. 2017-kii, mashruucu waxa uu isu keenay in ka badan 600,000, halka in ka badan 1,000 carrur iyo dad waaweyn intaba leh oo ka kala socday 64 dal, ay ka qayb galeen ciyaarihii ugu dambeeyay ee ka dhacay magaalada St. Petersburg.<ref><nowiki>https://vk.com/audios12451846</nowiki></ref> === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee [[2018]] === Gudaha 2018, waxaa la go'aansaday in Xiliga Lixaad ee «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta»  waxaa la qabanayaa ka bilow Febraayo 15 illaa Juun 15. Xiritaanka dhacdooyinka waxay ka dhaceen Moscow markaas ka hor Koobka Caalamka ee 2018 FIFA. Ka qeybqaatayaasha barnaamijka waxaa ku jiro ciyaartoy dhalinyaro ah iyo joornaaliistayaal matalayo 211 wadan iyo gobolada caalamka world.<ref>www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/time-defender-bangladesh-1543027</ref> Bilowga rasmiga ah ee Barnaamijka 2018 waxaa lagu sameeyay tooska Furitaanka Sawirka «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta», natiijooyinka taas oo 32 kooxyo kubada cagta caalami ah – Kooxyo Saaxibtinimo – ayaa la aasaasay. Ku xirmida howlgalka deegaanka, 2018 Kooxyada «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» ee Caalamiga ah waxaa lagu magacaabay xayawaanada dhifka ah iyo xawayaanada halista ah: Maroodiga Afrikaanka Ah Komodo Varan Daayeerka Kipunji Diinka Wayn Cawsha Addra Haramacadka Wiyisha Libaax Badeedka Angel Dubaha Waqooyi Daayeerka Lemur Dubaha Cawlan Libaax Badeedka Nibiriga Butida Isloth Maska Boqorka Kobra Daayeerka Chimpanzee Yaxaaska Gavial ee Hindiya Goriillaha Galbeedka Shimbirta Imperial Woodpecker Biciidka Saiga Daayeerka Capuchin ee Wajiga Cad Butida Koala Shabeelka Saybeeria Dameer Farowga Grévy Xayawaanka Orangutan Panda Weynaha Shimbirta Magellanic Penguin Geriga Rothschild Nibiriga Tuurta Leh Eyga Ugaadhsiga ee Afrika Libaaxa Jeerta Libaaxa Badda Galápagos Sidoo kale, gudaha qaabdhismeedka howgalka deegaanka, Ololaha Caalamiga Maalinta Farxada oo ku dhiirogelinayo bulshada caalamka inay taageeraan xayawaanada halista ’ hay'adaha keydinta ayaa la bilaabay Maajo 30, 2018. Darjiimada qaranka iyo keydadka Raashiya, USA, Nepal iyo Ingiriiska<ref>www.chronicle.co.zw/russia-opportunity-for-zim-youngsters/</ref>. waxay ku biireen Ololaha. Waxaa intaas dheer, inta lagu jiray dhacdooyinka ugu dambeeyo ee «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» ee Moscow, ka qeybqaatayaasha waxay ku safreen basaska deegaanka saaxibka la ah oo gaaska dabiiciga ah.<ref>www.africanews.com/2018/02/17/football-for-friendship-draw-held-ahead-of-the-2018-world-cup//</ref> Wadamada iyo gobolada ka qeybqaadanayo 2018 «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta»: 1. Barwaaqo sooranka Australia 2. Jamhuuriyadda Austria 3. Jamhuuriyadda Azerbaijan 4. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Dadka ee Algerian 5. Jasiiradaha Virgin ee Maraykanka 6. Samoa-da Maraykanka 7. Anguilla 8. Antigua iyo Barbuda 9. Jamhuuriyadda Carabta ee Masar 10. Jamhuuriyadda Argentine 11. Aruba 12. Barbadoos 13. Beelize 14. Jasiiradaha Bermuda 15. Jamhuuriyadda Bolivarian ee Venezweela 16. Bosnia iyo Herzegovina 17. Jasiiradaha Virgin ee Ingiriiska 18. Burkina Faso 19. Imaarada Luxembourg 20. Hungary 21. Jamhuuriyadda Uruguay ee Bari 22. Jamhuuriyadda Gabon 23. Jamhuuriyadda Guinea 24. Gibraltar 25. Brunei Darussalam 26. Dowladda Israel 27. Dowladda Qatar 28. Dowladda Kuwait 29. Dowladda Liibiya 30. Dowladda Falastiin 31. Grenada 32. Jamhuuriyadda Hellenic 33. Joorjiya 34. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Timor-Leste 35. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo 36. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee São Tomé iyo Príncipe 37. Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Hantiwadaagga ee Sri Lanka 38. Jamhuuriyadda Dominican 39. Boqortooyada Haashimiga ee Urdun 40. Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Afghanistan 41. Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Iran 42. Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Mauritania 43. Jamhuuriyadda Talyaaniga 44. Jamhuuriyadda Yaman 45. Jasiiradaha Cayman 46. Kanada 47. Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Shiinaha 48. Shiinaha Taipei (Taiwan) 49. Imaaradda Andorra 50. Imaaradda Liechtenstein 51. Jamhuuriyadda Iskaashiga ee Guyana 52. Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Dimuqraadiga ah ee Korea 53. Boqortooyada Baxrayn 54. Boqortooyada Belgium 55. Boqortooyada Bhutan 56. Boqortooyada Denmark 57. Boqortooyada Spain 58. Boqortooyada Cambodia 59. Boqortooyada Lesotho 60. Boqortooyada Morocco 61. Boqortooyada Netherlands 62. Boqortooyada Norway 63. Boqortooyada Sucuudiga 64. Boqortooyada Swaziland 65. Boqortooyada Thailand 66. Boqortooyada Tonga 67. Boqortooyada Sweden 68. Jamhuuriyadda Kyrgyz 69. Kuracawo 70. Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Dimuqraadiga ah ee Lao 71. Jamhuuriyadda Latvia 72. Jamhuuriyadda Lubnaan 73. Jamhuuriyadda Lithuania 74. Maleeshiya 75. Jamhuuriyadda Maldives 76. Gobolada Midoobey ee Mexico 77. Dawladda Qoomiyadaha Badan ee Bolivia 78. Mongolia 79. Montserrat 80. Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Bangladesh 81. Dowladda Madaxa Bannaan ee Papua New Guinea 82. Gobolka Madaxa Bannaan ee Samoa 83. New Zealand 84. New Caledonia 85. Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Tanzania 86. Isutagga Imaaraadka Carabta 87. Jasiiradaha Cook 88. Jasiiradaha Turks iyo Caicos 89. Jamhuuriyadda Albania 90. Jamhuuriyadda Angola 91. Jamhuuriyadda Armenia 92. Jamhuuriyadda Belarus 93. Jamhuuriyadda Benin 94. Jamhuuriyadda Bulgaria 95. Jamhuuriyadda Botswana 96. Jamhuuriyadda Burundi 97. Jamhuuriyadda Vanuatu 98. Jamhuuriyadda Haiti 99. Jamhuuriyadda Gambia 100. Jamhuuriyadda Ghana 101. Jamhuuriyadda Guatemala 102. Jamhuuriyadda Guinea-Bissau 103. Jamhuuriyadda Honduras 104. Jamhuuriyadda Jabuuti 105. Jamhuuriyadda Zambia 106. Jamhuuriyadda Zimbabe 107. Jamhuuriyadda Hindiya 108. Jamhuuriyadda Indooniisiya 109. Jamhuuriyadda Ciraaq 110. Jamhuuriyadda Ireland 111. Jamhuuriyadda Iceland 112. Jamhuuriyadda Kazakhstan 113. Jamhuuriyadda Kenya 114. Jamhuuriyadda Qubrus 115. Jamhuuriyadda Colombia 116. Jamhuuriyadda Congo 117. Jamhuuriyadda Korea 118. Jamhuuriyadda Kosovo 119. Jamhuuriyadda Costa Rica 120. Jamhuuriyadda Ivory Coast 121. Jamhuuriyadda Kuba 122. Jamhuuriyadda Liberia 123. Jamhuuriyadda Mauritius 124. Jamhuuriyadda Madagascar 125. Jamhuuriyadda Macedonia 126. Jamhuuriyadda Malawi 127. Jamhuuriyadda Mali 128. Jamhuuriyadda Malta 129. Jamhuuriyadda Mozambique 130. Jamhuuriyadda Moldova 131. Jamhuuriyadda Namibia 132. Jamhuuriyadda Niger 133. Jamhuuriyadda Nicaragua 134. Jamhuuriyadda Cape Verde 135. Jamhuuriyadda Islaamiga ah ee Pakistan 136. Jamhuuriyadda Panama 137. Jamhuuriyadda Paraguay 138. Jamhuuriyadda Peru 139. Jamhuuriyadda Poland 140. Jamhuuriyadda Bortaqiiska 141. Jamhuuriyadda Rwanda 142. Jamhuuriyadda San Marino 143. Jamhuuriyadda Seychelles 144. Jamhuuriyadda Senegal 145. Jamhuuriyadda Serbia 146. Jamhuuriyadda Singapore 147. Jamhuuriyadda Slovenia 148. Jamhuuriyadda Midowga Myanmar 149. Jamhuuriyadda Sudan 150. Jamhuuriyadda Suriname 151. Jamhuuriyadda Sierra Leone 152. Jamhuuriyadda Tajikistan 153. Jamhuuriyadda Trinidad iyo Tobago 154. Jamhuuriyadda Turkmenistan 155. Jamhuuriyadda Uganda 156. Jamhuuriyadda Uzbekistan 157. Jamhuuriyadda Fiji 158. Jamhuuriyadda Philippines 159. Jamhuuriyadda Croatia 160. Jamhuuriyadda Chad 161. Jamhuuriyadda Montenegro 162. Jamhuuriyadda Chile 163. Jamhuuriyadda Ecuador 164. Jamhuuriyadda Equatorial Guinea 165. Jamhuuriyadda El Salvador 166. Jamhuuriyadda Koonfurta Sudan 167. Jamhuuriyadda Cameroon 168. Midowga Ruushka 169. Romania 170. Gobolka Maamulka Gaarka ah ee Hong Kong oo ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Shiinaha 171. Dawladda Xorta Ah ee Shuraakada ah Puerto Rico 172. Waqooyiga Ireland 173. Saint Vincent iyo Grenadines 174. Saint Lucia 175. Jamhuuriyadda Suuriya ee Carbeed 176. Jamhuuriyadda Slovakia 177. Dowladda Bahamas 178. Dowladda Dominica 179. Boqortooyada Midowda ee Ingiriiska iyo Waqooyiga Ireland 180. Gobolada Midoobay ee Maraykanka 181. Jasiiradaha Solomon 182. Jamhuuriyadda Hanti wadaaga ah ee Vietnam 183. Midowga Comoros 184. Gobolka Maamulka Gaarka ah ee Macao ee Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Shiinaha 185. Saldanada Cumaan 186. Tahiti 187. Gobolka Guam 188. Jamhuuriyadda Togo 189. Jamhuuriyadda Tunisia 190. Jamhuuriyadda Turkey 191. Ukraine 192. Wales 193. Jasiiradaha Faroe 194. Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Dimoqraadiga ah ee Nepal 195. Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Dimoqraadiga ah ee Ethiopia 196. Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Brazil 197. Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Germany 198. Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Nigeria 199. Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliyeed 200. Federaalka Saint Kitts iyo Nevis 201. Jamhuuriyadda Finland 202. Jamhuuriyadda Faransiiska 203. Jamhuuriyadda Badhtamaha Afrika 204. Jamhuuriyadda Czech 205. Midowga Switzerland 206. Scotland 207. Eritrea 208. Jamhuuriyadda Estonia 209. Jamhuuriyadda Koonfur Africa 210. Jamayka 211. Jaban 32 Kooxyada Caalamiga ah ee Saaxibtinimada ayaa ka qeybqaatay oo ka qeybqaatay Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta 2018 Horyaalka Caalamka. Markii koowaad taariiq ahaan Barnaamijka, ciyaarta ugu dambeyso waxaa bilaabay Faaliye Dhalinyaro ah oo ka yimid Siiriya, Yazan Taha<ref>https://www.sovsport.ru/others/lifestyle/articles/1059219-shikarnyj-futbol-krepkaja-druzhba</ref> oo waxaa xukumay Rafarii Dhalinyaro ee ka socdo Raashiya, Bogdan Batalin<ref>https://www.sovsport.ru/others/lifestyle/articles/1058343-ih-podruzhil-futbol</ref>. Guuleystaha «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» 2018 wuxuu ahaa kooxda “Chimpanzees” oo ka kooban Ciyaartoy Dhalinyaro ah ee ka socdo Dominika, St. Kitts iyo Nevis, Malawi, Kolombiya, Benin iyo Jamuuriyada Dimuqraadiga Koongo. Vladislav Poliakov<ref>https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/news/yunyy-trener-iz-rossii-stal-chempionom-mira-po-futbolu-dlya-druzhby-1420530/</ref>, Ka qeybqaate da' yar ee ka socdo Saransk, Raashiya, ayaa hagayay koox. Dhacdada ugu dambeyso ee Xiliga Lixaad ee Barnaamijka wuxuu noqday 2019 Kubada Carruurta Caalamiga ah oo Kulanka Saaxibtinimada, ee la qabtay Juun 13 lagu qabtay Xarunta Oceanography iyo Marine Biology "Moskvarium". Waxaa soo booqday Viktor Zubkov (Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Agaasimayaasha Shirkada Gazprom), Olga Golodets (Guddoomiye ku xigeenka Dowlada Raashiyaan Fadareeshin), Iker Casillas (Ciyaartoyga kubada cagta Isnaanishka, kabtan hore ee kooxda qaranka), Aleksandr Kerzhakov (Ciyaartoyga kubada cagta Raashiyaanka, tababaraha kooxda kubada cagta dhalinyaraha Raashiyaanka), sidoo kale sida wakiilada 54 safaaradood oo ka socdo dhammaan daafaha caalamka iyo marti kale<ref>https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/reviews/more-schastya-druzhby-i-futbola-1428124/</ref>. Inta lagu jiray Kulanka, Ciyaartoyda Dhalinyarada ugu wanaagsan ee Lix Siison ayaa la abaalmariyay: Deo Kalenga Mwenze oo ka socda Jamhuuriyada Dimuqraadiga Koongo (wuxuu horay ka ciyaaraha ugu wanaagsan), Yamiru Ouru ka socda Benin (dhax ka ciyaaraha ugu wanaagsan), Ivan Volynkin oo ka socda Wales (gool celiyaha ugu wanaagsan) iyo Gustavo Cintra Rocha oo ka socda Brazil (MVP)<ref>https://www.sovsport.ru/others/lifestyle/articles/1059219-shikarnyj-futbol-krepkaja-druzhba<br /></ref>. Sakali Ascension ka socda Aruba wuxuu noqday Joornaaliistaha Dhalinyarada ah ee ugu wanaagsan Barnaamijka «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» 2018, Waxay ka shaqeysaa bog ku dhiirogelinayo dhalinyarada Oceania inay noqdaan kuwa deegaan ahaan taxadarayo<ref>https://www.sovsport.ru/others/lifestyle/articles/1059219-shikarnyj-futbol-krepkaja-druzhba</ref>. Kulanka sidoo kale wuxuu martigeliyay bandhiga buuga iyo kulanka saxiixa ka qeybqaatayaasha Siisonkii hore, Ananya Kamboj<ref>https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/reviews/more-schastya-druzhby-i-futbola-1428124/</ref> oo ka socda Hindiya. Ananya ayaa qoray Buugga “Safarkeyga ka soo bilow Mohali illaa St. Petersburg” kadib Siisonka Shannaadka ee «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» 2017, oo sharaxayo waaya aragnimadeeda sida Joornaaliiste Dhalinyaro ah. Halkaas waxay ku qortay wax ku saabsan Sagaal Qiyam oo Barnaamij ah, kaas oo isbadelayo caalamka sida wanaagsan. Xiliga Juun 14, kadib 2018 Kulanka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta Carruurta Caalamiga ah, Ciyaartoyda Dhalinyarada iyo Joornaaliistayaal ayaa ka qeybqaatay xaflada furitaanka Koobka Aduunka 2018 ee Raashiya. Garoonka “Luzhniki”, carruurta waxay si wanaagsan u taageen calamada dhammaan 211 wadamo iyo gobolada ka qeybqaadanayo Barnaamijka sannadkaas<ref>https://rsport.ria.ru/russia2018_news/20180615/1138055010.html</ref>. Taasi kadib, Ka qeybqaatayaasha Dhalinyarada ee «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» waxay daawadeen ciyaarta furitaanka oo dhaxeysay kooxyada Raashiya iyo Sacuudiga. Madaxweynaha Raashiyada Federeeshinka Vladimir Putin ayaa ku casuumay Safiirka Dhalinyarada raashiyaanka ee «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» Albert Zinnatov fadhigiisa si ay wada daawadaan ciyaarta furitaanka. Halkaas dhalinyarada waxay heleen fursada looga sheekeysto Horyaalka Koobka Kubada Cagta ee Brazil Roberto Carlos iyo ciyaartoyga kubada cagta Isbaanishka Iker Casillas<ref>https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/news/yunyy-posol-futbola-dlya-druzhby-vstretilsya-s-prezidentom-rossii-na-chm-v-moskve-1424143/</ref>. In ka badan 1500 carruur iyo dhalinyaro ka socda 211 wadamo iyo gobolo ayaa noqday ka qeybqaatayaasha dhacdooyinka ugu dambeeyo ee lagu qabtay Moscow. Guud ahaan, in ka badan 180 dhacdooyin ayaa lagu qabanayaa in ka badan 240,000 ka qeybqaatayaal dhalinyaro ah<ref>https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/news/uchastniki-futbola-dlya-druzhby-iz-211-stran-i-regionov-pribyli-v-moskvu-1419265/</ref> ayaa la diyaariyay inta lagu jiray Siisonka Lixaad ee gobolo kala duwan oo caalamka ah. Gudaha 2018, wakiilada Maamulada ayaa taageeray mashruuca. Olga Golodets ayaa aqriyay qudbada soo dhaweynta oo ka socota Madaxweynaha Raashiya Vladimir Putin ee ku socota qeybqaatayaasha iyo martida Kulanka Carruurta Caalamiga ah. Guddoomiyaha Dowlada Raashiyada Fadareeshinka Dmitry Medvedev ayaa u soo diray fakis soo dhaweyn ah ka qeybqaatayaasha iyo martida ee Kubada cagta Carruurta Caalamiga ee Kulanka Saaxibtinimada sixaad<ref>http://government.ru/gov/persons/183/telegrams/32841/</ref>. Inta lagu jiray dulmarida Maajo 23, Wakiil Rasmi ah ee Raashiyaanka MIA Maria Zakharova ayaa sheegay in bulshada caalamka aqoonsantahay maalmahaan «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» sida qeyb bani'aadannimo muhiim ah ee xeerka bulshada caalamiga ah ee Raashiya<ref>http://www.mid.ru/ru/press_service/spokesman/briefings/-/asset_publisher/D2wHaWMCU6Od/content/id/3231268##23</ref>. FIFA dhaqan ahaan waxaa taageeray «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta». Hay'ada waxay ogaatay in tirada guud ee ka qeybqaatayaasha iyo martida dhacdooyinka ugu dambeeyay ee lagu qabtay Moscow gaareen 5000 oo dad<ref>https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/211-countries-and-regions-took-part-in-the-sixth-international-football-for-frie</ref>. === Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee 2019 === Xilligii toddobaad barnaamijka caalamiga ah bulshada ee carruurta “Kubbadda cagta ee saaxibtinimada” wuxuu dhacay 18 Maarso sannadka 2019. Tartanadii ugu dambeeyay waxay ka Dhaceen Madrid 28 Maajo ilaa 2 Juunyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.dailytimesleader.com/dailytimesleader/news/read/37931695/Football_for_Friendship_Launches_Its_Seventh_Season |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=2020-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219130508/http://business.dailytimesleader.com/dailytimesleader/news/read/37931695/Football_for_Friendship_Launches_Its_Seventh_Season |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maalinta caalamiga ah ee kubbadda cagta iyo saaxiibtinimada 25 Abriil waxaa laga xusay in ka badan 50 waddan oo ka tirsan Yurub, Aasiya, Afrika, Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika, waxaa sidoo kale ka qaybgalay xuska Ururka Kubbada cagta Ruushka.<ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/international-day-of-football-and-friendship-celebrated-in-schools-around-the-world-300837486.html#:~:text=Gazprom%20Football%20for%20Friendship&text=MOSCOW%2C%20April%2025%2C%202019%20%2F,Africa%2C%20North%20and%20South%20America </ref> 30 Maajo waxaa ka dhacay Madrid Madasha caalamiga ah ee barnaamika bulshada ee carruurta “Gazprom” “Kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada” 2019. Madasha waxaa isugu yimid khabiiro ka kala socda adduudnka oo dhan - Tababarayaal ciyaarta kubbada cagta, dhakhaatiirta kooxaha carruurta, dad caan ah, wariyayaal ka socda warbaahinta caalamiga ah iyo wakiilo ka kala socday kooxaha kubbadda cagta ee adduunka.<ref>https://sputniknews.com/agency_news/201905301075473427-forum-children-experts/</ref> 31 Maajo waxaa Madrid ka dhacay tababarkii ugu caalamisanaa adduunka. Tababarka kaddib “Kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada” waxay heshay shahaado rasmi ah GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS®.<ref>https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/547224-most-nationalities-in-a-football-soccer-training-session</ref> Intii uu socday xilli ciyaareedkii toddobaad, 32 weriyayaal da’yar ah oo ka kala socda Yurub, Afrika, Aasiya, Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika ayaa waxa ay u abuureen “Kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinmada”  xarun-warbaahin oo  caalami ah, xaruntaas oo soo tabisay tartamadii ugu dambeeyay, kana qaybqaadatay diyaarinta agabkii loo baahnaa iyadoo kaashanaysa warbaahinta heer gobol iyo heer caalami.<ref>https://tass.com/press-releases/1061492</ref> Ka qayb-galayaasha xilli ciyaareedka toddobaad waxaa la gudoonsiiyay koobka “Darajada sagaalaad” (Abaalmarinta caalamiga ah ee barnaamijka bulshada ee carruurta) “Kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada” naadiga kubbadda cagta ee Liverpool, kaas oo ahaa kooxdii ugu masuulsanayd.<ref>https://sputniknews.com/society/201906041075611076-football-friendship-madrid/</ref> 1 Juun UEFA Pich waxay Madrid ku qabteen gabagabadii xilli ciyaareedkii toddobaad – ciyaartii ugu dambaysay ee koobka kubbadda cagta saaxiibtinimada adduunka. Kooxda Antiguan Poloz ayaa la ciyaartay Tasmanian Devil, ciyaartaas oo ku soo dhammaatay barbardhac 1:1 wakhtigii loogu talagay, Antiguan Poloz ayaa ku guulaysatay gool-ku-laad ay labada kooxood ku kala baxeen, waxayna ku guulaysatay abaal-marintii weynayd.<ref>https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/06/football-for-friendship-international-programme-for-kids-breaks-records-and-teaches-sports</ref> === Футбол для Дружбы 2020 === 2020, munaasabadihii gabagabada ee xilli ciyaareedka siddeedaad ee kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada waxaa lagu qabtay qaab online ah 27-ka Nofeembar ilaa 9-ka Diseembar 2020. In ka badan 10,000 oo ka qayb-gale oo ka kala socda in ka badan 100 waddan ayaa ka qaybgalay munsaabadihii waaweynaa.<ref>https://footballforfriendship.com/</ref> Barnaamijka xilli ciyaardeedka siddeedaad waxaa loo habeeyay mashiin qaab si online ah loogu wada ciyaari karo kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada adduunka, kaas oo tartankii adduunka ee “kubbadda cagta saaxiibtinimada” 2020 lagu qabtay. Ciyaartaan waa la soo degsan karaa adduunka oo dhan laga billaabo 10-ka Diseembar 2020 – Maalinta kubbadda cagta adduunka. Dadka isticmaalayaasha ah waxay fursad u helayaan in ay ka qaybqaataan ciyaaraha iyagoo raacaya sharciyada “kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada”, waxayna ku biiri karaan kooxaha caalamka. Ciyaarta mashiinka lagu ciyaarayo waxay ku salaysan tahay mumiimada barnaamijka, sida saaxiibtinimada, nabadda iyo sinnaanta.<ref>https://sputniknews.com/sport/202011051081023614-new-football-simulator-football-for-friendship-to-be-released-on-world-football-day/</ref> 27-kii Nofeembar waxaa la qabtay bakhtiyaanasiibkii hor-yaalka adduunka ee “kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada” 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.gazprom-football.com/football-for-friendship/news/newsdetail/children-from-over-100-countries-to-take-part-in-football-for-friendship-eworld-championship/ |access-date=2020-12-24 |archive-date=2021-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018020211/https://www.gazprom-football.com/football-for-friendship/news/newsdetail/children-from-over-100-countries-to-take-part-in-football-for-friendship-eworld-championship/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> 28-kii Nofeembar ilaa 6-dii Diseembar, madal saaxiibtinimo calami oo online ah ayaa carruurta loogu qabtay barnaamijyo bini-aadnimo iyo kuwo ciyaareed.<ref>https://footballforfriendship.com/friendship-camp/</ref> 30-ka Nofeembar ilaa 4-tii Diseembar waxaa la qabtay kulamii madasha caalamiga ah ee online-ka “kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada”, halkaas oo lagu soo jeediyay qorsheyaal la xiriira horumarinta cayaaraha carruurta. Xeerbeegti ayaa qiimeeyay qorshayaashii la soo bandhigay ee u qalmay abaal-marinta caalamiga ah ee “Kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada”.<ref>https://footballforfriendship.com/experts-forum/live-broadcast/</ref> 7 – 8 Diseembar waxaa qaab online ah lagu qabtay hor-yaalka caalamiga ah “kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada”. Hor-yaalka sannadkaan waxaa loo qabtay qaab online ah iyo madal la iska arkayo, waana sababta khaaska ah ee loo hormariyay mashiinka lagu ciyaaro kubbadda cagta online-ka.<ref>https://footballforfriendship.com/world-championship/</ref> 9-ka Diseembar waxaa la qabtay Grand Final “kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada”<ref>https://footballforfriendship.com/live-broadcast-grand-final/</ref> Seminaaryo isku xig-xiga oo loogu talagalay carruur ka kala timid waddamo kala duwan ayaa la qabtay intii lagu guda jiray kulankii siddeedaad ee barnaamijka iyadoo lagu xusayay 75 guurada UN-ta. Intii lagu guda jiray kulankii siddeedaad ee barnaamijka, bandhig asbuucle ah oo la yiraahdo “Istaadiyam waa halka aan joogo” ayaa la billaabay, iyadoo la kaashanayo ciyaaryahano freestyle ah oo ka socda adduunka oo dhan. Dhacdo kasta, freestylers waxay barayeen ambasadoorada da’da yar ee barnaamijka in ay sameeyaan xeelado, dhacdo kasta dhammaadkeedana baratan baa loo qabanayay matalaada ugu wanaagsan xeeladaas. Dhammaadka bandhigga wuxuu ahaa online master class heer caalami ah, kaas oo barnaamijka “kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada” markii labaad uu u noqday Guinness darajo caalami ah oo ay haystaan qaar ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaashii ka qaybqaatay (Diseembar 6, 2020). Warka wanaagsan ee ra’yiga jaraa’idka – waa bandhig asbuucle ah oo ay billaabeen weriyayaal kubbadda cagta ee saaxiibtinimada, kaas oo ay carruurtu kula wadaageen daawadayaasha warar xaqiiq ah oo ku saabsan adduunka oo dhan. == Koobka Adduunka ee SaaxiibtinimadaKubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada == Tartanka adduunka ee kubadda cagta carruurta waxa loo agaasimaa si waafaqsan nidaamka barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada. Kooxaha ka qayb galaya koobka – Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta – waxa lagu sameeyaa Isku Aad Furan. Kooxaha samayntoodu waxay waafaqsan tahay mabda'a Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta, kaas oo ah in ciyaaryahanno ka kala socda qoomiyado iyo jinsiyo iyo awoodo jidheed oo kala duwan ay isugu yimaadaan koox kaliya.<ref>rbth.com/sport/2014/05/30/big_soccer_for_little_europeans_37075.html</ref> == Madasha Adduunka ee Carruurta ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta  == Madasha Adduunka ee Carruurta ee Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta ee sannadlaha ah, da'yarta ka qayb gala mashruuca iyo dadka waaweyn waxay kaga wada hadlaan horumarinta iyo kobcinta qiyamka barnaamijka iyo sidii loogu faafin lahaa dunida oo dhan. Madashu intay socoto, carruurtu waxay la kulmaan lana sheekaystaan caruurta dhiggooda ah ee ka kala socda dalalka kale, iyo ciyaaryahannada caanka iyo wariyayaasha iyo shakhsiyaadka caanka ah, waxaanay sidoo kale noqdaan safiiro mustaqbalka sii wadi doona faafinta qiyamka caalamiga ah.<ref>www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/y=2017/m=8/news=confed-cup-hosts-friendship-forum-2902692.html</ref> == Rugta Caalamiga ah ee Warbaahinta Carruurta == Rugta Caalamiga ah ee Warbaahinta Carruurtu waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta. Markii ugu horraysay ee la hirgaliyo waxay ahayd 2014-kii si ay qayb uga noqoto barnaamijka Kubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada<ref>www.crawleyobserver.co.uk/news/local/crawley-girl-13-who-dreams-to-play-football-for-england-meets-world-cup-legend-1-6112060</ref>. Wariyayaal da'yar oo ka tirsan rugta saxaafadda ayaa soo tabiya wararka dhacdooyinka barnaamijka ee ka dhaca dalalkooda, waxaanay soo diyaariyaan wararka lagu baahiyo warbaahinta maxaliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee ku saabsan ciyaaraha, waxaanay ka qayb qaataan diyaarinta barnaamijyo laga siidaayo Telefishanka iyo Wargayska iyo Idaacadda barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta. Rugta Caalamiga ah ee Warbaahinta Carruurtu waxay midaysaa dhalinta ku guulaysata tarnnada maxaliga ah ee abaalmarinta Wariyaha Da'da Yar ee Ugu Waca, iyo qoraayada mareegaha iyo sawir qaadayaasha iyo qoraayada. Wariyayaasha da'da yar ee rugta saxaafadu waxay soo bandhigaan.<ref>www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mission-xi-million-picks-chandigarh-girl-ananya-kamboj/689736/</ref> == Maalinta Adduunka ee Saaxiibtinimada iyo Kubadda Cagta == Xeerka barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada iyo Kubadda Cagta, Maalinta Adduunka ee Saaxiibtinimada iyo Kubadda Cagta waxaa loo dabaaldegay Abril 25. Maalintan waxa markii ugu horraysay 2014-kii looga dabbaal dagay 16 dal. Maalintan waxa la qabtay ciyaaro saaxiibtinimo, kulano, socodyada idaacada, bandhigyada TV-ga, tababaro furan, iwm. In ka badan 50,000 oo qof ayaa ka qayb galay dabbaal dagga.<ref><nowiki>https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/apr/26/said-and-done-blatter-putin-david-cameron</nowiki></ref> 2015-kii, Maalinta Saaxiibtinimada iyo Kubadda Cagta waxa looga dabbaal dagay 24 dal. Intii lagu jiray feestada, waxaa jiray ciyaaro saaxiintinomo iyo dabaaldegyo kale. Dalka Jarmalka, naadiga Schalke 04 ayaa ku qabtay tartanno furan, Serbia waxa lagu qabtay bandhig TV, Ukrain waxa lagu qabtay ciyaar u dhaxaysay kooxda da'yarta Volyn FC iyo carruurta ka diiwaan gashan xarunta badhtamaha magaalada ee Lutsk ee adeegyada bulshada ee qoysaska iyo carruurta iyo da'yarta.<ref>business-center.amchamchina.org/news/?dir=17&doc=201504262030PR_NEWS_ASPR_____EN90314&andorquestion=OR&&ok=1&passDir=0</ref> Ruushka, 11 magaalo ayaa looga dabbaal dagay Maalinta Kubadda Cagta iyo Saaxiibtinimada 25-kii April. Ciyaaro saaxiibtinimo ayaa lagu qabtay magaalooyinka Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul, St. Petersburg iyo Saransk si loo xusuusto qiyamka aasaasiga ah ee barnaamijka. Magaalooyinka Krasnoyarsk iyo Sochi iyo Rostov-on-Don waxa laga qabtay Socod Saaxiibtinimo oo ay ka qayb galeen dadka qaaday dabka socodkii olimbikada ee 2014-kii. Moscow, ayaa lagu qabtay Tartanka Fursadaha loo Simanyahay iyoadoo taageero laga helayo Xidhiidhka Ciyaaraha Dadka Indhaha la'. Maajo 5-teedii waxa Maalinta Saaxiibtinimada iyo Kubadda looga dabbaal dagay magaalooyinka Nizhny Novgorod iyo Kazan.<ref name=":0" /> 2016-kii, waxa maalinta Kubadda Cagta iyio Saaxiibtinimada looga dabbaal dagay 32 dal. Ruushka, waxa looga dabbaal dagay sagaal magaalooyinkan: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Birobidzhan, Irkutsk, Krasnodar, Nizhny Novgorod iyo Rostov-on-Don. Nizhny Novgorod waxa lagu qabtay ciyaar saaxiibtinimo oo ay ku kulmeen ciyaaryahanno da'yar oo ka socday naadiga Volga FC, halka ciyaaryahanno da' wayn oo ka socda naadigu ay fuliyeen jimicsiga diyaar garowga iyo tababarada carruurta. Ciyaar saaxiibtinimo oo ka dhacday magaalada Novosibirsk ayaa waxa ka qayb galay carruur naafo ah, oo ka socday kooxda gobolka Novosibirsk ee Yermak-Sibir.<ref name=":2" /> 2017-kii, Maalinta Kubadda Cagta iyo Saaxiibtinimada waxa looga dabbaal dagay 64 dal. Ciyaaryahanno caan ah oo ay ka mid yihiin ciyaaryahanka difaaca ee reer Serbia Branislav Ivanovich, iyo weeraryahanka reer Holland Dirk Kuyt, ayaa ka qayb galay ciyaaro kala duwan oo aduunka ka dhacay. Dalka Giriiga dabbaal daggii ka dhacay waxa ka qayb galay Theodoras Zagorakis, oo ku guulaystay Koobka Kubadda Cagta ee Yurub 2004-kii isagoo u ciyaaraya kooxda dalkiisa. Ruushka, naadiga Zenit FC waxa uu tababar gaar ah u qabtay Zakhar Badyuk, safiirka da'da yar ee barnaamijka Kubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada ee 2017-kii. Tartanku intuu socday, goolhayaha naadiga Zenit FC Yury Lodygin waxa uu darajo sare siiyay Zakhar markuu arkay awoodihiisa, waxaanuu u gudbiyay sirta goolhaynta.<ref name=":3" /> == Sagaal qiyam ee «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» == Inta lagu jiray Kulanka Koowaad ee Carruurta Caalamiga ah ee Maajo 25, 2013, Wakiilada Dhalinyarada ee ka socdo Ingiriiska, Jarmalka, Islofeeniya, Hangari, Serbiya, Bulgaariya, Gariiga iyo Raashiya ayaa ogaaday sideed qiyam ee ugu horeeyo ee Barnaamijka - saaxibtinimada, sinnaanta, cadaalada, caafimaadka, nabada, ixtiraamka, guusha, iyo dhaqamada – oo lagu bandhigay Warqad Furan. Warqada waxaa loo diray Madaxda Hay'adaha Ciyaaraha Caalamiga ah: Ururka Kubada Cagta Fadareeshinka Caalamiga (FIFA), Ururada Kubada cagta Midowga Yurub (UEFA) iyo Guddiga Olombiga Caalamiga ah. Gudaha Sebteembar 2013, Joseph Blatter inta lagu jiray la kulankiisa Vladimir Putin iyo Vitalii Mutko ayaa xaqiijiyay helitaanka Warqada oo ku dhawaaqay inuu diyaar u yahay inuu taageero «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta».<ref name=":1" /> Gudaha 2015, ka qeybqaatayaasha ka socda Shiinaha, Jabaanka iyo Kasakhastan ayaa ku biiray Barnaamijka «Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta» oo kadib soo jeediyay inuu ku daro sagaalka qiyam – sharafta<ref>http://www.joblenobl.ru/news/287-v-ramkakh-programmy-futbol-dlya-druzhby-uchrezhden-kubok-devyati-tsennostej</ref>. == Koobka Qiyamka Sagaalka Ah == Koobka Qiyamka Sagaalka Ah waa abaal marin uu bixiyo barnaamijka caalamiga ah ee carruurta ee Kubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada. Sannad kasta Koobka waxa la guddoonsiiyaa kooxda muujisa inay go'ansaday qiimaha mashruuca: saaxiibtinimo, sinnaan, caddaalad, caafimaad, nabadgalyo, daacadnimo, guul, dhaqan iyo sharaf. Taageerayaal ka kala socday dhamaan daafaha aduunka ayaa ka qay galay doorashada kooxda guulaysatay, laakiin go'aankii kama dambaysta ahaa waxaa gaadhay ka qayb galayaashii mashruuca Kubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada iyagoo codkooda dhiibanaya. Naadiyada kubadda ee ku guulaystay Koobka Qiyamka Sagaalka Koob: Barcelona (2015), Bayern Munich (2016), Al Wahda (Haddiyada Gaar ah), Real Madrid (2017).<ref>www.euronews.com/2017/07/17/f4f-nine-values-cup-2017-goes-to-real-madrid</ref> == Jijimaha Saaxiibtinimada == Dhammaan hawlaha barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta waxay ku bilaabmaan is waydaarisga Jijimaha Saaxiibtinimada, taas oo ah astaanta sinnaanta iyo qaab nololeed caafimaad leh. Jijimuhu waxay ka kooban yihiin laba dunood oo buluug iyo cagaar ah, waxaana xidhan kara qof kasta oo aaminsan qiyamka barnaamijka.<ref>www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2642473/Vitor-Baia-tips-Portugal-special-World-Cup-Cristiano-Ronaldo-shines-backs-old-boss-Jose-Mourinho-Chelsea.html</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Franz Beckenbauer "Astaanta dhaqdhaqaaqani waa jijin labo midab leh, waanay fududahay waana la fahmi karaa sida uu u fududyahay loona fahmi karo barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta. Dhalinta ka qaybgaay barnaamijku waxa gacmaha ugu xidheen Jijimaha Saaxiibtinimada ciyaaryahanno iyo shakhsiyaad caan ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin: Dick Advocaat, Anatoly Timoshchuk and Luis Netu, Franz Beckenbauer, Luis Fernandev, Didier Drogba, Max Meyer, Fatma Samura, Leon Gorecka, Domenico Krishito, Michel Salgado, Alexander Kerzhakov, Dimas Pirros, Miodrag Bozovic, Adelina Sotnikova, Yuri Kamenets.<ref>www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/11270319.Interview_sends_Megan_Mackey_to_Champions_League_final/</ref> == Hawlaha ka qayb galayaasha inta u dhaxaysa wareegyada == Ciyaaryahannada kubada cagta ee da'da yar ee loogu tagalay barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimadu Kubadda Cagta waxay ka qayb galeen dhacdooyin kala duwan oo baxsan wareega rasmiga ah. Bishii May ee 2013-kii, ciyaaryahanno ka socda naadiga Maribor ee kubadda da'yarta (Slovenia) ayaa qabtay ciyaar saaxiibtinimo oo samafal ah oo ay ka qayb galeen carruurta reer Cambodia. 14-kii September 2014-kii, waxa magaalada Sochi ay ka qayb galayaasha barnaamijka ee ka socday Ruushku la hadleen Vladimir Putin intii uu socday kulankii Madaxwaynaha Midowga Ruushka iyo Madaxwaynaha Ururka FIFA Sepp Blatter<ref>en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/19222</ref>. Bishii Juun ee 2014, Madaxwaynaha Faransiiska Francois Hollande ayaa kooxda Taverni oo xubin ka ah barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimada Kubadda Cagta  ku casuumay Qasriga Elysee si ay u daawadaan ciyaartii Koobka Adduunka FIFA 2014-kii ee u dhaxaysay Faransiiska iyo Nayjeeriya. Bishii Abriil ee 2016-kii, Yuri Vashchuk, safiirkii barnaamijka Kubadda Cagta Saaxiibtinimada ee 2015-kii, ayaa la kulmay ninka ugu xoogga wayn dalka Belarus Kirill Shimko, iyo ciyaaryahanno da'yar oo ka socday naadiga BATE FC si ay u wadaagaan khibradii ay ka heleen ka qayb galidda mashruuca. Yuri Vashchuk waxa uu guddoonsiiyay Kirill Shimko Jijimaha Saaxiibtinimada, halkaas oo uu guddoonsiiyay usha si uu u kobciyo qiyamka mashruuca ee ah saaxiibtinimada, caddaalada iyo qaab nololeedka caafimaadka leh.<ref>www.leparisien.fr/politique/mondial-2014-hollande-invite-deux-clubs-amateurs-a-l-elysee-pour-france-nigeria-28-06-2014-3960541.php</ref> == Abaalmarinaha iyo Hadiyaha == Barnaamijka Saaxiibtinimadu Kubadda Cagta waxa uu ku guulaystay tartanno kala duwan waxaanuu helay abaalmarino Ruushka iyo caalamkaba uu ka helay. Waxaa ka mid ah: “Mashaariicda Bulshada Ugu Wacan ee Ruushka” ee qaybta “Horumarinta Iskaashiga Caalamka”, iyo abaal marinta Ururka Xiriirrada Ganacsiga ee Caalamiga ah (IABC) ee Gold Quill Awards ee qaybta “Masuuliyadda Bulshada ee Shirkadaha” (2016), iyo abaal marinta Saber Awards ee qaybta “Mashruuca Adduunka Ugu Wanaagsan ee Bulshada” (2016), iyo abaal marinta Drum Social Buzz Awards ee qaybta “Istaraatiijiyada Caalamiga ee ugu Wacan” (2017)<ref>www.socialbuzzawards.com/social-buzz-awards-2017/best-international-strategy/how-to-make-kids-voices-to-be-heard-globally</ref> Abaal marinaha caalamiga ah ee adeegyada hal-abuurka leh ee suuqgaynta casriga ah, qaybta “Istaraatiijiyada Warbaahineed ee ugu Wacan” (2017), iyo abaal marinta “Silver Archer” qaybteeda “Mashruuca Bulsheed ee Ruushka ugu Wacan” (2018), iyo Tartanka Abaalmarinta Wayn ee “Silver Archer” (2018). nkbn0b7dedl2qfr0uzb1jalp3dah5xc 0 35099 296066 235417 2026-03-31T00:19:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 296066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Hanan Tarik|image=File:Hanan Tarik in 2019.png|caption=Hanan ee 2019|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1994|6|30|df=y}}|birth_place=Olympia, [[Addis Ababa]], Itoobiya|nationality=|education=|alma_mater=[[Jaamacadda Addis Ababa]]|occupation=Atariisho|years_active=2014–hada|height=|spouse={{marriage|Melake Brehan|2017}}|children=2|awards=|honours=|website={{url|https://hanantarq.com/}}}}'''Hanan Tarik''' ([[Amxaari]]: ሃናን ታሪክ; mararka qaarkood waxaa lagu tilmaamaa magacyo magacyo ah '''Tariq''' ama '''Tarq'''; 30 Juun 1994) waa atariisho u dhalatay dalka Itoobiya, horena u ahayd tartanka quruxda.  Hanan waxa ay caan noqotay 2015 markii ay wax ka jishay musalsalka telefishinka ''Wolafen'' oo Khamiis walba ka bixi jiray [[EBS TV]] ilaa 2017. == Nolosha gaarka ah == Hanan waxay guursatay saaxiibkeed waqtiga dheer, Melake Brehan gugii 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.diretube.com/|title=Ethiopian Actress Hanan Tarq says "Yes"|website=Dire Tube|access-date=2022-01-13|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110023736/https://diretube.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Meherku wuxuu dhacay 20kii Maajo 2017, iyadoo ay ka soo qayb galeen dad badan oo magac leh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopian Actress Hanan Tarik Sets to Marry on May 20|url=https://www.ethiogrio.com/news/54098-ethiopian-actress-hanan-tarik-sets-to-marry-on-may-20.html|last=Bel|first=Zenobia|last2=18/04/2017 08:01:00|date=2017-04-18|website=ethiogrio.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-08|last3=5272|last4=Comments|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2017-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223164033/http://www.ethiogrio.com/news/54098-ethiopian-actress-hanan-tarik-sets-to-marry-on-may-20.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waxay haysataa wiil, Christian (wuxuu dhashay Diseembar 2017) ee Iswiidhan iyo gabadh la yiraahdo Lillian. Waxaa la xusay in inta badan uurka ay ku qaadatay dalka Itoobiya balse ay go’aansatay in ay aado dalka Sweden oo ay ku leedahay qaraabo ay ku umusho sababo la xiriira qiimeyno caafimaad oo iska soo horjeeda oo ay ku sameysay intii ay ku sugneyd Itoobiya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.et/2017/12/03/actress-hanan-tariq/|title=ሃናን ታሪቅ በሃገሯ ለምን ልትወልድ እንዳልቻለች ለሰይፉ እያለቀሰች የነገረችው አሳዛኝ ምክንያት|last=Yemane|first=Fiyori|date=December 3, 2017|work=News.et|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Koobaad 13, 2022|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725060907/https://news.et/2017/12/03/actress-hanan-tariq/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Tix == ggqbf3r5foddj42bq1yw15gj0n7hmyb 0 40948 296069 285152 2026-03-31T07:36:28Z Farah26161 45119 taariikhda 296069 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reer Mahad''' ([[Af Soomaali|Af-Somali]]: Majeerteen: Cumar Maxamuud Reer Mahad) waa beel [[Soomaaliyeed]] oo ka tirsan laanta [[Cumar maxamuudd|Cumar Maxamuud]] ee Majeerteen. Beeshan badanaa waxaa laga helaa magaalooyinka [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Gaalkacyo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Kismaayo]]. Waa beel taariikhi ah oo mar noqotay beeshii ugu fulaysnayd beelaha soomaliyed. {{Infobox ethnic group | group = REE MAHAD | native_name = Carabi iyo Somali | native_name_lang =Qabilada la dhashay | regions = [[Mudug]] iyo [[nugaal]] | languages =Somali | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups =Ilma farax shirwac sida rer khalaf rer xirsi rer warsame farah }} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *Majeerteen *Saleebaan *Maxamuud *Cumar *Isaaq *Cabdulle *Jibriil *Cigalle *shirwac *Faarax *REE MAHAD ** Magan mahad ** Kooshin Mahad ** warfaa mahad ** Maxamuud Mahad ** Jama Mahad ** Guleed Mahad ** Xasan Mahad ** Axmed Mahad ** yuusuf mahad ** Maxamed mahad *** Faarax maxamed mahad *** Cumar Maxamed mahad *** Faqi Cismaan Maxamed mahad *** Xasan Maxamed mahad *** Maxamud maxamed mahad *** Cigaal Maxamed mahad ** Aadan mahad ***Hasan Aadan mahad *** Hirsi Aadan Mahad *** Omar Aadan Mahad *** Guleid Aadan mahad tr1twu1lzkflkplz69vxbs1318tioge 296070 296069 2026-03-31T07:37:27Z Farah26161 45119 taariikhda 296070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reer Mahad''' ([[Af Soomaali|Af-Somali]]: Majeerteen: Cumar Maxamuud Reer Mahad) waa beel [[Soomaaliyeed]] oo ka tirsan laanta [[Cumar maxamuudd|Cumar Maxamuud]] ee Majeerteen. Beeshan badanaa waxaa laga helaa magaalooyinka [[Mudug]] iyo [[Nugaal]], gaar ahaan magaalada [[Gaalkacyo]] iyo sidoo kale [[Kismaayo]]. Waa beel taariikhi ah oo noqotay beeshii ugu fulaysnayd beelaha soomaliyed. {{Infobox ethnic group | group = REE MAHAD | native_name = Carabi iyo Somali | native_name_lang =Qabilada la dhashay | regions = [[Mudug]] iyo [[nugaal]] | languages =Somali | religions = [[Islam]] | related_groups =Ilma farax shirwac sida rer khalaf rer xirsi rer warsame farah }} ==Sidoo kale eeg== *Majeerteen *Saleebaan *Maxamuud *Cumar *Isaaq *Cabdulle *Jibriil *Cigalle *shirwac *Faarax *REE MAHAD ** Magan mahad ** Kooshin Mahad ** warfaa mahad ** Maxamuud Mahad ** Jama Mahad ** Guleed Mahad ** Xasan Mahad ** Axmed Mahad ** yuusuf mahad ** Maxamed mahad *** Faarax maxamed mahad *** Cumar Maxamed mahad *** Faqi Cismaan Maxamed mahad *** Xasan Maxamed mahad *** Maxamud maxamed mahad *** Cigaal Maxamed mahad ** Aadan mahad ***Hasan Aadan mahad *** Hirsi Aadan Mahad *** Omar Aadan Mahad *** Guleid Aadan mahad 0g261lmljtlth6x958rkxbsfmld7jb2