Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2601 296819 281049 2026-04-29T00:45:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 296819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kanada''' waa waddan ku yaal [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]] . Tobankeeda gobol iyo saddex dhuleed waxay ka fidsan yihiin Badweynta Atlaantik ilaa Badweynta Baasifigga iyo woqooyiga ilaa Badweynta Arctic, taasoo ka dhigaysa waddanka labaad ee ugu weyn guud ahaan bedka , oo leh xeebta ugu dheer waddan kasta. Xuduudda ay la leedahay [[Maraykanka]] waa xuduudda dhulka ugu dheer ee caalamiga ah. Dalka waxa lagu gartaa tiro balaadhan oo ah gobolada saadaasha hawada iyo juqraafiga labadaba . Iyada oo ay ku nool yihiin dad ka badan 41 milyan, waxay leedahay cufnaan dadweyne oo aad u kala duwan, iyada oo inteeda badan ay deggan yihiin magaalooyinkeeda iyo degaannada waaweyn ee ay dadku ku yar yihiin. [[Caasimad]]a Kanada waa Ottawa sadexdeeda magaalo ee ugu waaweyn waa [[Toronto]] , Montreal , iyo Vancouver . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Canada<!--Magaca gobolka rasmiga ah ee Kanada waa ''Kanada''. Erayga "Dominion of Canada" waxaa si joogta ah loo isticmaalay in lagu qeexo dawlada Kanada ilaa laga gaadhayo [[Waddaninimada]] ee dastuurkii Kanada ee 1982. Eeg|Magaca Kanada--> | image_flag = Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg | alt_flag = Naqshad toosan oo triband ah (cas, caddaan, casaan) oo leh caleen maple cas oo dhexda ku taal. | image_coat = Royal Coat of Arms of Canada.svg | symbol_type = Astaanta Kanada|Coat of arms | alt_coat = | national_motto = ''A mari usque ad mare'' ([[Latin]])<br/>"Bad ilaa badda" | national_anthem = "[[O Canada]]"<div class="center" style="margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:"O Canada", performed by the United States Third Marine Aircraft Wing Band.oga]]</div> | image_map = CAN orthographic.svg | map_width = 220px | alt_map = Saadaasha Waqooyiga Ameerika ee Kanada ayaa lagu muujiyey cagaar | capital = [[Ottawa]] | coordinates = {{Coord|45|24|N|75|40|W|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Toronto]] | official_languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Ingiriis|ingiriis]]|[[Faransiis|Faransiis]]}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2017 |title=2016 Census of Population—Ethnic Origin, Catalog no. 98-400-X2016187 |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026161129/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110528&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=120&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |archive-date=October 26, 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = Liiska qowmiyadaha| 72.9% [[Reer Yurub Kanadiyaanka|Yurub]] | 17.7% [[Aasiyaanka Kanadiyaanka|Aasiyaan]] | 4.9% [[Dadka asaliga ah ee Kanada|Asal ahaan deggan]] | 3.1% [[Madow Kanada|Afrikaan]] | 1.3% [[Laatin Ameerikaanka Kanada|Laatiin Ameerika]] | 0.2% [[Oceania]]n}}<!-- Boqolkiiba wadarta in ka badan 100% sababtoo ah jawaabo badan--> | religion_year = 2011 | religion_ref = <ref name="statcan1">{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2013 |title=2011 National Household Survey |url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515212448/http://statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm |archive-date=May 15, 2013 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref> | religion = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; |title = List of religions|67.2% [[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] |23.9% [[Irreligion in Canada|No religion]]|3.2% [[Islam in Canada|Islam]]|1.5% [[Hinduism in Canada|Hinduism]] |1.4% [[Sikhism in Canada|Sikhism]] |1.1% [[Buddhism in Canada|Buddhism]] |1.0% [[History of the Jews in Canada|Judaism]] |0.6% [[Religion in Canada#Other religions|Other]]}} | demonym = [[Kanadiyaan]] | government_type = {{nowrap|[[Federaalka|Federaal]] [[Nidaamka baarlamaanka|baarlamaanka]]<br/>[[boqortooyo dastuuri ah]]<ref name="DowdingDumont2014">{{Cite book |last1=Dowding |first1=Keith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AClHBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT395 |title=The Selection of Ministers around the World |last2=Dumont |first2=Patrick |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-317-63444-7 |page=395}}</ref>}} | leader_title1 = [[Boqortooyada Kanada|Boqortooyo]] | leader_name1 = [[Charles III]] | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[Guddoomiyaha Guud ee Kanada|Gudoomiyaha Guud]]}} | leader_name2 = [[Mary Simon]] | leader_title3 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Canada|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name3 = [[Mark Carney]] | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Kanada|Baarlamaanka]] | upper_house = [[Senatka Kanada|Senatka]] | lower_house = [[Aqalka Baarlamaanka Kanada|Golaha Hoose ee Baarlamaanka ]] | sovereignty_type = [[Taariikhda Kanada|Madaxbanaanida]] | sovereignty_note = Ka ah [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] | established_event1 = [[Kanadiyaan Isbahaysi|Isbahaysi]] | established_date1 = July 1, 1867 | established_event2 = [[Sharciga Westminster 1931|Xeerka Westminster]] | established_date2 = December 11, 1931 | established_event3 = [[Waddaninimada]] | established_date3 = April 17, 1982 | area_km2 = 9,984,670 | area_label = Guud ahaan aagga | area_rank = 2aad | area_sq_mi = 3,854,085<!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = 11.76 (as of 2015)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#[[OECD|Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) |archive-date=March 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_label2 = Wadarta bedka dhulka | area_data2 = {{convert|9093507|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} | population_estimate = [[File:Increase Neutral.svg|12px|border]] 41,528,680 <ref>{{Cite web|last=Government of Canada|first=Statistics Canada |title=The "Qiyaasta dadka, saddexdii biloodba mar url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901, </ref> | population_census = 36,991,981<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2017 |title=""Profile Tirakoobka, Tirakoobka Dadweynaha 2021" |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada</ref> | population_estimate_year = Q1 2025 | population_census_year = 2021 | population_estimate_rank = 37aad | population_density_km2 = 3.92 | population_density_sq_mi = 10.15<!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = 185aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} {{nowrap|$2.730&nbsp;trillion<!--end nowrap:-->}}<ref name="IMFWEOCA">{{Cite web |title="Daabacaadda Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025 Edition. (Kanada) |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=156,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2023&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 15aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $65,707<ref name="IMFWEOCA" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 20aad | GDP_nominal = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]] $2.225{{nbsp}}<nowiki>trillion}}</nowiki><ref name="IMFWEOCA" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 9aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]] $53,558<ref name="IMFWEOCA" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 18aad | Gini = 30.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2024 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Income inequality |url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/income-inequality/indicator/english_459aa7f1-en |</ref> | HDI = 0.939 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |year=2020 |title="Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025" |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf </ref> | HDI_rank = 16aad | currency = [[Canadian dollar]] ($) | currency_code = CAD | utc_offset = −3.5 to −8 | utc_offset_DST = −2.5 to −7 | date_format = {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}}&nbsp;([[Anno Domini|AD]])<ref>The [[Government of Canada]] and [[Standards Council of Canada]] prescribe [[ISO 8601]] as the country's official all-numeric date format: {{Cite book |author=Public Works and Government Services Canada Translation Bureau |author-link=Public Services and Procurement Canada |url=https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/97 |title=The Canadian style: A guide to writing and editing |year=1997 |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=978-1-55002-276-6 |edition=Revised |page=[https://archive.org/details/canadianstylegui0000unse/page/97 97] |chapter=5.14: Dates |chapter-url=http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tcdnstyl-chap?lang=eng&lettr=chapsect5&info0=5.14}} The {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yy|year}} and {{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|yy|year}} formats also remain in common use; see [[Date and time notation in Canada]].</ref> | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = [[Nambarada telefoonada ee Kanada|+1]] | iso3166code = CA | cctld = [[.ca]] | royal_anthem = "[[Ilaahow Boqorka Badbaadi]]"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Anthem |date=August 11, 2017 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html |access-date=December 18, 2020 |publisher=Government of Canada |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206190257/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html |url-status=live }}</ref> <div class="center" style="margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</div> | today = }} Dadka asaliga ah waxay si joogto ah u degganaayeen waxa hadda loo yaqaan Kanada kumanaan sano. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 16aad, socdaalada Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska ayaa sahamiyey oo markii dambe degay xeebta Atlantic. Natiijo ka dhalatay iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo kala duwan , [[Faransiiska|Faransiisku]] waxay ku dhawaad ​​​​dhammaan gumeysigiisii ​​Waqooyiga [[Ameerika]] ku wareejiyeen 1763. 1867, oo ay la midoobeen saddex gobol oo Woqooyiga Ameerika ah oo [[British English|British]] ah iyada oo loo marayo Isbahaysi , Kanada waxaa loo sameeyay maamul [[federaal]] ah oo ka kooban afar gobol. Tani waxay bilawday kordhinta gobolada iyo dhulalka taasoo keentay barakaca dadka asaliga ah , iyo geedi socodka kordhinta madaxbanaanida [[Boqortooyada Midowday]]. Qaranimadan korodhay waxa iftiimiyay qaanuunka Westminster, 1931 , waxaanay ku dhammaatay sharciga Kanada 1982 , kaas oo gooyay ku tiirsanaanta sharciga ah ee Baarlamaanka [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]] Kanada waa [[dimuqraadiyad baarlamaani]] ah iyo boqortooyo dastuuri ah oo ku jirta dhaqanka Westminster . Madaxa xukuumadda ee dalka waa ra'iisul wasaaraha , kaas oo xilka u haya awood u leh inuu amar ku siiyo kalsoonida aqalka baarlamaanka ee la soo doortay , waxaana magacaabaya guddoomiyaha guud , oo matalaya boqorka Kanada , madaxa xafladaha . Wadanku waa dhul Barwaaqo-sooranka ah wuxuuna si rasmi ah ugu hadlaa laba luuqadood ([[Ingiriisi]] iyo [[Faransiis]]) oo ku yaal xukunka federaalka. Waxa ay aad ugu sareysaa marka la eego cabbirada caalamiga ah ee hufnaanta dowladda, tayada nolosha, tartanka dhaqaalaha, hal-abuurka, waxbarashada iyo xuquuqul insaanka. Waa mid ka mid ah qowmiyadaha adduunka ugu kala duwan iyo dhaqamada kala duwan , wax soo saarka socdaalka ballaaran . Xidhiidhka dheer ee kakan ee Kanada ay la leedahay [[Wadanka Maraykanka|Maraykanka]] ayaa saamayn wayn ku yeeshay taariikhdeeda , dhaqaalaheeda iyo dhaqankeeda . Waddan horumaray , Kanada waxa ay leedahay dakhli magac u yaal ah oo qofkiiba adduunka oo dhan iyo dhaqaalaheeda horumarsan waxa uu ka mid yahay kuwa ugu weyn adduunka marka loo eego GDP-ga magac ahaan , iyada oo inta badan ku tiirsan kheyraadkeeda dabiiciga ah ee badan iyo shabakadaha ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee horumarsan . Waxaa loo aqoonsaday in ay tahay quwad dhexe , taageerada kanada ee dhinacyada badan leh iyo caalimiga waxay xiriir dhow la leedahay siyaasaddeeda dibadda ee nabad ilaalinta iyo gargaarka wadamada soo koraya . Kanada waxay kor u qaaddaa qiyamka ay wadaagto gudaha iyada oo ka qaybqaadanaysa ururo iyo golayaal caalami ah oo badan . ==Asalka erayga== Iyadoo aragtiyo kala duwan lagu dhajiyay asalka asalka ah ee Kanada , magaca hadda waa la aqbalay inuu ka yimid ereyga St. Lawrence Iroquoian kanata , oo macneheedu yahay "tuulo" ama "dejin". Sannadkii 1535, dadka asaliga ah ee ku nool gobolka Quebec ee maanta waxay adeegsadeen ereyga si ay ugu toosiyaan sahamiyaha Faransiiska Jacques Cartier tuulada Stadacona . Cartier ayaa markii dambe isticmaalay ereyga Kanada si uu u tixraaco oo keliya tuuladaas gaarka ah, laakiin dhammaan aagga oo dhan oo hoos yimaada Donnacona (madaxda Stadacona); 1545kii, buugaagta Yurub iyo khariidadaha waxay bilaabeen inay tixraacaan gobolkan yar ee ku teedsan wabiga Saint Lawrence sida Kanada . Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 16aad ilaa horraantii qarnigii 18aad, Kanada waxay tixraacday qayb ka mid ah Faransiiska Cusub ee ku yaal hareeraha wabiga Saint Lawrence. Ka dib qabsashadii Ingiriiska ee New France , goobtan waxaa loo yaqaanay Gobolka Quebec ee Ingiriiska 1763 ilaa 1791 . Labadan gumeysi waxaa si wada jir ah loogu yeeri jiray Kanada ilaa midawgoodii sida Gobolka Kanada ee 1841. 1867-kii markii uu isbaheysiga la sameeyay , Canada waxaa loo qaatay in uu noqdo magaca sharciga ah ee dalka cusub ee shirkii London waxaana ereyga xukun loo dhiibay magaca dalka. Ilaa 1950-meeyadii, ereyga Dominion of Canada mar dambe ma isticmaalin Boqortooyada Midowday, taas oo u tixgelisay Kanada "roonaanta Barwaaqo-sooranka". Sharciga Kanada ee 1982 , kaas oo si buuxda u hoos keenay dastuurka Kanada , oo loo gudbiyay Kanada oo keliya . Kadib sanadkaas, magaca fasaxa qaranka waxaa laga bedelay Maalinta Dominion ilaa Maalinta Kanada . ==Taariikhda== ===Dadka asaliga ah=== Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee deggan Waqooyiga Ameerika waxaa guud ahaan la qiyaasayaa inay ka soo haajireen Siberiya iyagoo sii maray buundada dhulka Bering waxayna yimaadeen ugu yaraan 14,000 oo sano ka hor. Goobaha qadiimiga ah ee Paleo-Indian ee Old Crow Flats iyo Caves Bluefish waa laba ka mid ah goobaha ugu da'da weyn ee deegaanka aadanaha ee Kanada. Tilmaamaha bulshooyinka asaliga ah waxaa ka mid ah degsiimooyin joogto ah, beero, kala sareyn bulsho oo adag, iyo shabakadaha ganacsiga. Qaar ka mid ah dhaqamadan ayaa burburay markii sahamiyayaashii reer Yurub ay yimaadeen dabayaaqadii 15aad iyo horraantii qarniyadii 16aad waxaana lagu ogaaday kaliya baaritaannada qadiimiga ah. Dadka asaliga ah ee ku nool Kanada maanta waxaa ka mid ah Qaramada Koowaad , Inuit , iyo Métis ugu dambeyntii asal ahaan isku dhafan kuwaas oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda bartamihii qarnigii 17aad markii Qaramada ugu horeysay ay guursadeen dadka reer Yurub iyo faracooda ka dib waxay horumariyeen aqoonsigooda. [[File:Indigenous population by census division.svg|thumb|]] Dadka asaliga ah ee wakhtiga degsiimooyinka Yurub ee ugu horreeya waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ay ahaayeen inta u dhaxaysa 200,000 iyo laba milyan, iyada oo tiro dhan 500,000 ay aqbaleen Guddiga Boqortooyada Kanada ee Dadka Asaliga ah . Natiijada gumeysiga Yurub, dadka asaliga ah ayaa hoos u dhacay afartan ilaa siddeetan boqolkiiba. Hoos u dhaca waxaa loo aaneynayaa dhowr sababood, oo ay ku jiraan wareejinta cudurrada Yurub , kuwaas oo aan lahayn difaac dabiici ah, khilaafyada ganacsiga dhogorta, khilaafyada maamulka gumeysiga iyo degayaasha, iyo lumitaanka dhulalka asaliga ah ee degayaasha iyo burburkii xigay ee dhowr waddan oo isku-filaansho ah. In kasta oo aanay khilaaf la'aan ahayn, is-dhexgalka hore ee reer Kanada ee reer Yurub ee ay la lahaayeen Qaramada Koowaad iyo dadka Inuit waxay ahaayeen kuwo nabad ah. Qowmiyadda koowaad iyo dadka Métis waxay qayb muhiim ah ka ciyaareen horumarinta gumeysiga Yurub ee Kanada , gaar ahaan doorkooda ku aaddan caawinta coureurs des bois iyo socdaalayaasha Yurub ee sahaminta qaaradda intii lagu jiray ganacsiga dhogorta ee Waqooyiga Ameerika . Is dhexgalkan hore ee reer Yurub ee ay la yeesheen Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay ka bedeli doonaan saaxiibtinimada iyo heshiisyada nabadeed oo ay ku qabsanayaan dhulalka asaliga ah iyada oo loo marayo heshiisyo . Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18aad, Kanadiyaanka Yurub waxay ku qasbeen dadka asaliga ah inay ku milmaan bulshada galbeedka Kanadiyaanka. Gumaysiga deggeneyaasha waxa uu gaadhay heerkii ugu sarreeyey dabayaaqadii 19aad iyo horraantii qarniyadii 20aad. Muddo dib- u - habayn ah ayaa ka bilaabmay samaynta guddi dib - u - heshiisiineed oo ay samaysay dawladda Kanada 2008 ===Gumeysiga Yurub=== [[File:Nouvelle-France map-en.svg|thumb|]] Waxaa la fashiliyay in qofkii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee la hormuudka ahaa si uu u sahamiyo xeebta bari ee Kanada uu ahaa sahmiyaha Norse Leif Erikson . Qiyaastii 1000 AD, Norse waxay dhistay xero yar oo aad gaaban ah taas oo si teel-teel ah u degganayd laga yaabee 20 sano L'Anse aux Meadows oo ku taal cidhifka woqooyi ee Newfoundland . Ma jiran sahan kale oo reer Yurub ah oo dhacay ilaa 1497, markii badmareen John Cabot uu ku saxsanaa oo uu ku andacooday xeebta Atlantic ee Kanada magaca Henry VII ee England . 1534, sahamiye Faransiis Jacques Cartier ayaa sahamiyay Gacanka Saint Lawrence, halkaas oo, Luulyo 24, uu ku beeray iskutallaab 10-mitir (33 ft) ah oo xambaarsan ereyada, "Noolow Boqorka Faransiiska", markii la wareegey dhulkii New France ee magaca Boqor Francis I. Horraantii waxa ay 16-kii aasaaska u ahayd ka qaybqaadashada Safarka Yurub. kalluumeysiga xilliyeedka iyo kalluumeysiga ee Atlantic. Guud ahaan, degsiimooyinka hore ee da'da gaaban waxay u dhaleen, umuliimo, sababtuna tahay isku darka cimilada adag, dhibaatooyinka hababka suuqyada iyo tartanka ee Scandinavia. Sanadkii 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert ,oo ay leedahay awood ee Queen Elizabeth I , ayaa lagu dhisay St John's, Newfoundland , oo ah xero xilliyeedkii ugu horreeyay ee Waqooyiga Ameerika . calaamad 1600, Faransiisku waxay aasaaseen goob ganacsi xilliyeedkoodii ugu horreeyay ee Tadoussac oo weheliya Saint Lawrence. Sahamiyaha Faransiiska Samuel de Champlain wuxuu ahaa 1603 markii la aasaasay degsiimooyinkii Yurub ee sii jiray sanadka oo dhan ee Port Royal (1605) iyo Quebec City (1608). Ka mid ah gumaystayaashii New France, Canadiens waxay si ay u dejiyeen dooxada Saint Lawrence River, Acadians waxay dejiyeen badda maanta ,halka ganacsatada dhogorta iyo adeegayaasha Katooliga ay sahamiyeen harooyinka waaweyn , Hudson Bay , iyo biyaha Mississippi ilaa Louisiana . Dagaalkii Beaver wuxuu shaqada bartamihii tilmaame 17aad ee xakameynta ganacsiyada ee Waqooyiga Ameerika. Ingriisku waxa uu sameeyay degsiimooyin dheeri ah Newfoundland 1610 oo ay la degsiimooyinka Saddex iyo toban Gumeysi ee koonfurta. Afar dagaal oo xiriir ah ayaa ka socday Waqooyiga Ameerika ee gumeysiga intii u awooday 1689 iyo 1763; dagaalladii dambe ee xilligaa waxay ka koobnaayeen masraxa Waqooyiga Ameerika ee dagaalkii maanta. Mainland Nova Scotia waxay hoos u dhaceen xukunkii Ingiriiska ee 1713 Treaty of Utrecht iyo Canada iyo badi New France waxay hoos u dhigeen xukunkii Ingiriiska 1763 ka dib Dagaalkii Todobada Sano. ===Waqooyiga Ameerika ee Ingiriiska=== [[File:Benjamin West 005.jpg|thumb|Dhimashada Benjamin West ee General Wolfe (1771) ayaa riwaayad ka dhigaysa dhimashadii James Wolfe intii lagu jiray Battle of the Plains of Abraham ee Quebec City]] Ku dhawaaqida Boqortooyada ee 1763 ayaa dhidibada u taagtay xuquuqaha axdi qarameedka koowaad, waxa ay abuurtay Gobolka Quebec oo ka baxsan Faransiiska Cusub, waxa ayna ku dartay Jasiiradda Cape Breton ee Nova Scotia. Jasiiradda St John's (hadda Prince Edward Island ) waxay noqotay gumeysi gaar ah 1769. Si loo baajiyo colaadda Quebec , Baarlamaanka Ingiriiska wuxuu ansixiyay Xeerka Quebec 1774, dhul ballaarinta Quebec ilaa harooyinka waaweyn iyo dooxada Ohio . Waxaa ka sii muhiimsan, Xeerka Quebec wuxuu siiyay madax-bannaanida gaarka ah ee Quebec iyo xuquuqda is-maamulka waqti markii Saddex iyo tobankii Gumeysi ay sii kordhayaan kacdoonka ka dhanka ah xukunka Ingiriiska. Waxay dib u dhistay luqadda Faransiiska, caqiidada Catholic, iyo sharciga madaniga ah ee Faransiiska halkaas, iyada oo ka hortagaysa kobaca dhaqdhaqaaqa madaxbannaanida ee ka soo horjeeda saddex iyo toban Gumeysi. Ku dhawaaqida iyo Xeerka Quebec waxay ka cadhaysiiyeen dad badan oo degganaa Saddex iyo toban Gumeysi, taas oo sii kicisay dareenka British-ka ah sannadihii ka horreeyay Kacaanka Mareykanka .  Ka dib markii uu guulaystay dagaalkii Maraykanka ee madax-bannaanida, 1783-kii heshiiskii Paris waxa uu aqoonsaday madax-bannaanida Maraykanka cusub ee la sameeyay , wuxuuna dejiyay shuruudaha nabadda, isaga oo u gooyay dhulalkii Waqooyiga Ameerika ee koonfurta koonfurta harooyinka waaweyn iyo bariga wabiga Mississippi ee dalka cusub. Dagaalkii madax-bannaanida Maraykanku wuxuu sidoo kale sababay guuritaan ballaaran oo Loyalists ah ,degeyaashii la dagaalamay madax-bannaanida Maraykanka. Qaar badan ayaa u guuray Kanada, gaar ahaan Atlantic Canada, halkaas oo imaatinkoodu wax ka beddelay qaybinta tirada dadka ee dhulalka jira. New Brunswick ayaa markeeda kala qaybsantay Nova Scotia iyada oo qayb ka ah dib-u-habaynta degsiimooyinka daacadda ah ee Baddaha, taas oo horseeday in lagu daro Saint John, New Brunswick , oo ah magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Kanada. Si loo habeeyo qulqulka Ingiriisida daacadnimada ku hadla ee Bartamaha Kanada, Sharciga Dastuuriga ah ee 1791 wuxuu u qaybiyay gobolka Kanada ee ku hadla Faransiiska hoose ee Kanada (kadib Quebec ) iyo Ingiriisiga Sare ee Kanada (ka dib Ontario ), oo siinaya mid kasta oo ka mid ah golaha sharci-dejinta ee la doortay.  [[File:Laura Secord warns Fitzgibbons, 1813.jpg|thumb|Dagaalkii 1812 ee geesinimada Laura Secord ayaa uga digay taliyihii Ingiriiska James FitzGibbon weerar soo socda oo Mareykan ah oo ku wajahan Dambiyada Beaver]] Kanada waxay ahayd hormoodka ugu weyn dagaalkii 1812 ee u dhexeeyay Maraykanka iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska . Nabaddu waxay timid 1815; xuduud lama bedelin. Soogalootiga ayaa dib u bilaabay heer sare, iyada oo in ka badan 960,000 ay ka yimaadeen Britain intii u dhaxaysay 1815 iyo 1850 . Cudurrada faafa ayaa dilay inta u dhaxaysa 25 iyo 33 boqolkiiba Yurubiyaanka u soo haajiray Kanada ka hor 1891. Damaca dawladnimo ee mas'uulka ka ah waxay keentay kacdoonkii dhicisoobay ee 1837 . Warbixinta Durham ka dib waxay ku talisay dawlad mas'uul ah iyo in Kanadiyaanka Faransiiska lagu daro dhaqanka Ingiriisiga. Sharciga Midowga 1840 wuxuu ku midoobey Canadas oo ah gobol midaysan oo Kanada ah waxaana dawlad mas'uul ah loo dhisay dhammaan gobollada Waqooyiga Ameerika ee bari ee Lake Superior 1855 . Tani waxay u gogol xaaraysay gumaysigii Ingiriiska ee Jasiiradda Vancouver (1849) iyo British Columbia (1858) . Heshiiskii Anglo-Ruushka ee Saint Petersburg (1825) ayaa aasaasay xuduudka xeebta Baasifigga, laakiin, xitaa ka dib iibkii Alaska US ee 1867, khilaafyadu waxay sii socdeen calaamadaynta saxda ah ee xuduudka Alaska-Yukon iyo Alaska-British Columbia ===Isbahaysi iyo ballaarinta=== [[File:Canada provinces evolution 2.gif|thumb|Khariidad firfircooni ah oo muujinaysa kobaca iyo isbeddelka gobollada iyo dhulalka Kanada ilaa Confederation ee 1867]] Ka dib seddex shir oo dastuuri ah, Sharciga Waqooyiga Ameerika ee Ingiriiska, 1867 wuxuu si rasmi ah ugu dhawaaqay Isbaheysiga Kanada Luulyo 1, 1867, oo markii hore leh afar gobol: Ontario , Quebec, Nova Scotia, iyo New Brunswick. Kanada waxay la wareegtay gacan ku haynta Rupert's Land iyo Waqooyi-Galbeed Territory si ay u sameeyaan Waqooyi-galbeed Territories , halkaas oo cabashooyinka Métis ay kicisay kacdoonkii River Red River iyo abuurista gobolka Manitoba bishii Luulyo 1870. British Columbia iyo Vancouver Island (kaas oo lagu midoobey 186 confe). tareenada ka gudba qaaradaha ee ku fidsan Fiktooriya ee gobolka 10 sano gudahood, halka Prince Edward Island uu ku biiray 1873. 1898, intii lagu jiray Klondike Gold Rush ee Waqooyi Galbeed Territories, Baarlamaanku wuxuu abuuray Yukon Territory. Alberta iyo Saskatchewan waxay noqdeen gobolo 1905. Intii u dhaxaysay 1871 iyo 1896, ku dhawaad ​​rubuc ka mid ah dadka Kanadiyaanka ah waxay u haajireen koonfurta ilaa Maraykanka. Si loo furo Galbeedka oo loo dhiiri geliyo socdaalka Yurub, Dowladda Kanada waxay kafaala qaaday dhismaha saddex tareen oo transcontinental ah (oo ay ku jiraan Canadian Pacific Railway ), waxay meel mariyeen sharciga Dominion Lands si ay u nidaamiyaan dejinta waxayna dhiseen Booliska Waqooyi-Galbeed si ay u caddeeyaan awoodda dhulka. Muddadan ballaarinta galbeed iyo dhismaha qaranka waxay keentay in dad badan oo asaliga ah oo ku nool Prairies Canadian Prairies ay u barakacaan " Haydadka Hindida ", oo bannaynaya dariiqa loo maro degsiimooyinka qowmiyadaha Yurub . Tani waxay sababtay burburka Bison Plains ee galbeedka Kanada iyo hirgelinta beerihii lo'da ee Yurub iyo beerihii sarreenka ee dhulka xukumayay. Dadka asaliga ah waxay arkeen macaluul baahsan iyo cudurro ka dhashay luminta bisinka iyo dhulkii ugaarsiga dhaqameed. Dawladda federaalku waxay bixisay gargaar degdeg ah, iyada oo ku xidhan xaaladda dadka asaliga ah ee u guuraya kaydka. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, Kanada waxay soo bandhigtay Sharciga Hindida oo kordhinaya xakamaynta Qaramada Koowaad ee waxbarashada, dawladda iyo xuquuqda sharciga ===Horraantii qarnigii 20aad=== ===1918-kii Boodhadhka Dammaanadda Dagaalkii Kanada oo muujinaya saddex dumar ah oo Faransiis ah oo jiidaya maraq loo dhisay fardaha=== [[File:Canada WWI l'Emprunt de la Victoire2.jpg|thumb|Nooca Faransiiska - qiyaas ahaan waxaa loo tarjumaa "Waxay u adeegaan Faransiiska-Qof walba wuu adeegi karaa; Iibso curaarta guusha]] [[File:Canada WWI Victory Bonds2.jpg|thumb|Nooca Ingiriisiga - "Waxay u adeegaan Faransiiska-Sideen ugu adeegi karaa Kanada? Iibso Bonds Victory".]] Sababtoo ah Ingiriisku wali wuxuu sii waday xakamaynta arrimaha dibadda Kanada sida uu dhigayo Xeerka Waqooyiga Ameerika ee Ingiriiska, 1867, ku dhawaaqisteeda dagaalka 1914 waxay si toos ah u keentay Kanada Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka . Mutadawiciin loo diray Jabhadda Galbeedka ka dib waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah Ciidanka Kanada , kuwaas oo door la taaban karo ka qaatay Battle of Vimy Ridge iyo hawlgallada kale ee waaweyn ee dagaalka. Qalalaasaha askaraynta ee 1917 ayaa qarxay markii soo jeedinta Golaha Midawga ee lagu kordhinayo tirada sii yaraanaysa ee milatariga ee xubnaha firfircoon ee qoritaanka la kulmay diidmo adag oo ka yimid Quebecers ku hadla Faransiiska. Sannadkii 1919, Kanada waxay ku biirtay Ururka Qaramada Midoobay oo ka madax bannaan Britain, iyo Xeerka Westminster, 1931 , waxay xaqiijisay madaxbannaanida Kanada. Niyad -jabkii weynaa ee Kanada horraantii 1930-aadkii wuxuu arkay hoos u dhac dhaqaale, taasoo keentay dhibaato dalka oo dhan ah. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo hoos u dhaca, Xiriirka Iskaashatada Dawlada Dhexe (CCF) ee Saskatchewan waxay soo bandhigtay waxyaabo badan oo ka mid ah gobolka daryeelka (sida uu hormuudka ka yahay Tommy Douglas ) 1940s iyo 1950s. Talada Ra'iisul Wasaaraha William Lyon Mackenzie King , dagaalka Jarmalka waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu dhaqan galo Sebtembar 10, 1939, King George VI , todoba maalmood ka dib Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Dib u dhacaasi waxa uu hoosta ka xariiqay madaxbannaanida Kanada. Cutubyadii ugu horreeyay ee Ciidanka Kanadiyaanka ahi waxay yimaadeen Ingiriiska Diseembar 1939. Guud ahaan, in ka badan hal milyan oo Kanadiyaan ah ayaa ka mid ahaa ciidammada qalabka sida intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka . Ciidamada Kanada waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen dagaallo badan oo muhiim ah oo ay ku jiraan 1942 Dieppe Raid oo fashilmay , duulaankii xulafada ee Talyaaniga , soo degista Normandy , Battle of Normandy , iyo Battle of the Scheldt ee 1944 . ka xoraynta Nazi Germany . In kasta oo xiisad kale oo qorista ka dhacday Quebec 1944 , Kanada waxay dhammaysay dagaalkii ay la gashay ciidan badan iyo dhaqaale xooggan ===Xiliga casriga ah=== Dhibaatadii dhaqaale ee niyad jabka weyni waxay keentay in Dominion of Newfoundland ay ka tanaasusho dawladii masuulka ka ahayd 1934kii oo ay noqotay gumaysigii Crown ee uu xukumay gudoomiyihii Ingiriiska. Laba afti ka dib , Newfoundlanders waxay u codeeyeen inay ku biiraan Kanada 1949 gobol ahaan. Kobaca dhaqaalaha Kanada ee dagaalka ka dib, oo ay weheliso siyaasadihii dawladihii Liberal-ka ahaa ee isdaba-joogga ahaa, ayaa horseeday soo ifbaxa aqoonsiga Kanadiyaanka cusub , oo lagu calaamadeeyay qaadashada calan caleen maple ah 1965, hirgelinta laba-luqadlaha rasmiga ah (Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis) ee 1969, iyo hay'adda barnaamijyada dimoqraadiyadda rasmiga ah ee 79 ayaa sidoo kale lagu aasaasay 19 . sida Medicare , Qorshaha Hawlgabka Kanada , iyo Amaahda Ardayga Kanada ; in kastoo, dawladaha gobolka, gaar ahaan Quebec iyo Alberta, ay ka soo horjeesteen qaar badan oo ka mid ah kuwan soo gelitaanka xukunkooda [[File:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (English).jpg|thumb|Nuqul ka mid ah Axdiga Kanada ee Xuquuqda iyo Xoriyada]] Ugu dambayntii, shirar kale oo taxane ah oo dastuuri ah ayaa natiijadii ka soo baxday Xeerka Kanada ee 1982 , ka-guurinta dastuurka Kanada ee Boqortooyada Midowday, iyadoo la raacayo abuurista Axdiga Xuquuqda iyo Xoriyadda ee Kanada . Kanada waxay dhistay madax-bannaani buuxda oo ah waddan madax-bannaan oo hoos yimaada boqortooyadiisa . Sannadkii 1999-kii, Nunavut waxay noqotay dhulkii saddexaad ee Kanada ka dib wada-xaajoodyo xiriir ah oo lala yeeshay dawladda federaalka. Isla mar ahaantaana, Quebec waxa ku dhacay isbeddelo bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo qoto dheer iyada oo loo marayo Kacaankii Deggan ee 1960-kii, isaga oo dhashay dhaqdhaqaaq qaran oo cilmaani ah . Jabhadda xagjirka ah ee liberation du Québec (FLQ) waxay kicisay Dhibaatada Oktoobar iyada oo qaraxyo iyo afduubyo xiriir ah ay sameeyeen 1970, iyo madax-bannaanida Parti Québécois ayaa la doortay 1976, iyada oo qabanqaabinaysa afti guul-darro ah oo ku saabsan madax-bannaanida.80. habayn qarannimada Quebec dastuur ahaan iyada oo loo marayo Heshiiskii Meech Lake ayaa ku guuldareystay 1990. Tani waxay keentay samaynta Bloc Québécois ee Quebec iyo dhiirigelinta Xisbiga Dib-u-habeeynta ee Kanada ee Galbeedka. Afti labaad ayaa ku xigtay 1995, kaas oo madax-banaanida lagu diiday xad yar oo ah 50.6 ilaa 49.4 boqolkiiba. 1997-kii, Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay in gooni-u-goosadka hal-dhinac ee gobolku uu noqon doono mid aan dastuuri ahayn, waxaana sharciga caddaynaya baarlamaanka, oo qeexaya shuruudaha wada-xaajoodka ka bixitaanka Confederation. Marka laga soo tago arrimaha madax-banaanida Quebec, tiro xasarado ah ayaa ruxay bulshada Kanada dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii iyo horraantii 1990-meeyadii. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ahaa qaraxii Air India Flight 182 ee 1985, dil wadareedkii ugu weynaa ee taariikhda Kanada; xasuuqii École Polytechnique ee 1989, toogasho jaamacadeed oo lala beegsaday arday dumar ah; iyo Dhibaatada Oka ee 1990, kii ugu horreeyay ee tiro iskahorimaadyo rabshado wata oo u dhexeeya dawladaha gobolka iyo kooxaha asaliga ah. Kanada waxay ku biirtay dagaalkii khaliijka 1990 waxayna ka hawlgashay dhowr hawlgal nabad ilaalin ah sagaashamaadkii, oo ay ku jiraan hawlgalladii Balkans intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib dagaalkii Yugoslavia , iyo Soomaaliya , taas oo keentay dhacdo lagu tilmaamay " Waagii ugu madaw ee taariikhda ciidamada Kanada ". Kanada ayaa ciidamo u dirtay Afgaanistaan ​​2001dii , taasoo keentay in tirada ugu badan ee dhimashada Kanadiyaanka ah hal hawlgal oo milatari tan iyo Dagaalkii Kuuriya ee horaantii 1950-meeyadii. 2011, ciidamada Kanada waxay ka qaybqaateen faragelinta NATO ay hogaamiso ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Liibiya waxayna sidoo kale ku lug lahaayeen la dagaalanka kacdoonka Islaamiga ah ee Ciraaq bartamihii 2010-meeyadii. Faafida COVID-19 ee Kanada waxay bilaabatay Janaayo 27, 2020, taasoo keentay khalkhal bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo baahsan. Sannadkii 2021, xabaalaha suurtagalka ah ee carruurta asaliga ah ayaa laga helay meel u dhow dugsiyadii hore ee Kanada , taas oo muujinaysa xasuuqii dhaqameed ee ka dhanka ahaa dadka asaliga ah . Dagaal ganacsi oo ku lug leh Mareykanka ayaa billowday Febraayo 1, 2025, markii madaxweynaha Mareykanka Donald Trump uu saxiixay amarro lagu soo rogayo badeecadaha soo galaya Mareykanka ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Canada topo.jpg|thumb|Khariidad muuqaal ah oo Kanada ah, oo ku jirta saadaasha cirifka (90° W), oo tusinaya meel sare oo hadhkoodu yahay cagaar ilaa bunni (sare)]] Marka la eego bedka guud (oo ay ku jiraan biyaheeda), Kanada waa dalka labaad ee ugu weyn . Dhulka oo kaliya , Kanada ayaa ku jirta kaalinta afraad , sababtoo ah waxay leedahay meesha ugu weyn adduunka ee harooyinka biyaha macaan . Isagoo ka soo jeeda Badweynta Atlaantigga ee bari, oo ku teedsan Badweynta Arctic dhanka woqooyi, iyo Badweynta Baasifigga ee galbeedka, waddanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhul dhan 9,984,670 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (3,855,100 sq mi). Kanada sidoo kale waxay leedahay dhul badeed aad u ballaadhan, oo leh xeebta adduunka ugu dheer oo dhan 243,042 kiiloomitir (151,019 mi). Intaa waxaa dheer in la wadaago soohdinta dhulka ugu weyn adduunka ee Mareykanka - oo dhan 8,891 kiiloomitir (5,525 mi) —Canada waxay xuduud la wadaagtaa Greenland (oo markaa Boqortooyada Danmark ) waqooyi-bari, jasiiradda Hans , iyo xuduud badeed oo leh xuduud badeedka Faransiiska ee dibedda iyo Miquen . Kanada sidoo kale waxay hoy u tahay dejinta woqooyiga adduunka, Digniinta Saldhigga Ciidanka Kanadiyaanka , oo ku taal cidhifka woqooyi ee Jasiiradda Ellesmere — loolka 82.5°N—kaas oo 817 kiiloomitir (508 mi) u jira Cirifka Waqooyi. Latitude, dhulka ugu waqooyi ee Kanada waa Cape Columbia ee Nunavut at 83°6′41″N, iyada oo darafkeeda koonfureed ku taal Jasiiradda Dhexe ee harada Erie at 41°40′53″N. Longitude, dhulka Kanada wuxuu ku fidsan yahay Cape Spear , Newfoundland, 52°37'W, ilaa Mount St. Elias , Yukon Territory, at 141°W. Kanada waxa loo qaybin karaa todoba gobol oo jireed: gaashaanka Kanadiyaanka , bannaanka gudaha , harooyinka waaweyn–St. Lawrence Lowlands , gobolka Appalachian , Western Cordillera , Hudson Bay Lowlands , iyo Arctic Archipelago . Kaymaha boreal ayaa ku baahsan dalka oo dhan, barafku wuxuu caan ku yahay gobollada waqooyi ee Arctic iyo iyada oo loo sii marayo buuraha Rocky , iyo Prairies Kanadiyaanka ah oo siman oo ku yaal koonfur-galbeed waxay fududeeyaan beeraha wax soo saarka leh. Harooyinka waaweyn waxay quudiyaan wabiga St. Lawrence (koonfur-bari) halkaas oo dhul-hoosaadyadu ay martigeliyaan wax soo saarka dhaqaalaha Kanada. Kanada waxay leedahay in ka badan 2,000,000 harooyin - 563 ka mid ah waxay ka weyn yihiin 100 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (39 sq mi) - oo ka kooban inta badan biyaha nadiifka ah ee adduunka . Waxa kale oo jira barafka biyaha nadiifka ah ee Canadian Rockies , Buuraha Xeebta , iyo Arctic Cordillera . Kanada waa mid juquraafi ahaan firfircoon , oo leh dhulgariir badan iyo foolkaanooyin suurtagal ah ===Cimilada=== [[File:Canada Köppen.svg|thumb|Noocyada kala soocida cimilada Köppen ee Kanada]] Celceliska heerkulka sare ee jiilaalka iyo xagaaga ee Kanada oo dhan way kala duwan yihiin gobol ilaa gobol. Jiilaalku wuxuu noqon karaa mid adag qaybo badan oo dalka ah, gaar ahaan gudaha iyo gobollada Prairie, kuwaas oo la kulma cimilo-qaradeed , halkaas oo celceliska heerkulka maalinlaha ahi uu ku dhow yahay -15 °C (5 °F ), laakiin wuxuu hoos uga dhici karaa -40 °C (-40 °F) oo leh qabow dabayl daran . Gobollada aan xeebaha ahayn, barafku wuxuu dabooli karaa dhulka ku dhawaad ​​lix bilood sanadka, halka qaybo ka mid ah waqooyiga barafku uu sii jiri karo sanadka oo dhan. Xeebta British Columbia waxay leedahay cimilo dhexdhexaad ah, oo leh qabow qabow iyo roobaad. Xeebaha bari iyo galbeed, celceliska heerkulka sare ayaa guud ahaan ah 20s ° C (70s ° F), halka xeebaha u dhexeeya, celceliska heerkulka xagaaga sare wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 25 ilaa 30 ° C (77 ilaa 86 ° F), iyadoo heerkulku uu ka badan yahay 40 ° C (104 ° F). Inta badan Waqooyiga Kanada waxaa daboolay baraf iyo barmafrost . Mustaqbalka barmafrost-ka lama hubo sababtoo ah Arctic ayaa kuleylaysay saddex jeer celceliska caalamiga ah taas oo ka dhalatay isbeddelka cimilada Kanada . Celceliska heerkulka Kanada ee sannadlaha ah ee dhulka ayaa kor u kacay 1.7 °C (3.1 °F), isbeddellada u dhexeeya 1.1 ilaa 2.3 °C (2.0 ilaa 4.1 °F) gobollo kala duwan, tan iyo 1948 . Gobollada koonfurta ee Kanada, wasakhowga hawada ee Kanada iyo Maraykanka labadaba - oo ay sabab u tahay birta dhalaalaysa, gubista dhuxusha tamarta korontada, iyo qiiqa baabuurta - waxay keentay roobka aashitada , taas oo si weyn u saamaysay marin-biyoodka, koritaanka kaynta, iyo wax soo saarka beeraha. Kanada waa mid ka mid ah gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee ugu weyn caalamka , iyadoo qiiqa sii daaya uu kordhay 16.5 boqolkiiba intii u dhaxaysay 1990 iyo 2022. ===Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha=== [[File:Terrestrial ecozones and ecoprovinces of Canada, 2017.gif|thumb|Dhul-beereedka iyo deegaanka ee Kanada . Ecozones waxaa lagu aqoonsaday midab gaar ah. Deegaannada deegaanku waa qayb-hoosaadyada ecozones waxaana lagu aqoonsaday kood lambar oo gaar ah]] Kanada waxay u qaybsantaa 15 dhul iyo shan ecozone badeed . Ecozone-yadani waxay ka kooban yihiin in ka badan 80,000 nooc oo duurjoogta Kanada ah , oo leh tiro siman oo aan weli si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan ama loo helin. Inkasta oo Kanada ay leedahay boqolkiiba hoose ee noocyada endemic marka loo eego dalalka kale , sababtoo ah hawlaha aadanaha, noocyada soo galitaanka iyo arrimaha deegaanka ee dalka , hadda waxaa jira in ka badan 800 noocyada khatarta ah in la lumiyo . Qiyaastii 65 boqolkiiba noocyada dadka degan Kanada waxaa loo tixgeliyaa "Ammaan". In ka badan kala badh ka mid ah muuqaalka Kanada ayaa ah mid sax ah oo ka xor ah horumarka aadanaha. Kaynta boreal ee Kanada waxaa loo arkaa kaynta ugu weyn ee dhulka, iyada oo ku dhawaad ​​3,000,000 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (1,200,000 sq mi) aanay carqaladayn waddooyinka, magaalooyinka ama warshadaha. Tan iyo dhamaadkii xilligii glacial ee ugu dambeeyay , Kanada waxay ka koobnayd siddeed gobol oo kayn ah oo kala duwan . Ku dhawaad ​​12.1 boqolkiiba dhulka qaranka iyo biyaha saafiga ah waa aagagga ilaalinta , oo ay ku jiraan 11.4 boqolkiiba oo loo qoondeeyay meelo la ilaaliyo . Ku dhawaad ​​13.8 boqolkiiba dhul badeedkeeda waa la dhawray, oo ay ku jiraan 8.9 boqolkiiba oo loo qoondeeyay meelo la ilaaliyo. Beertii Qaranka ee ugu horeysay ee Kanada , Banff National Park waxaa la aasaasay 1885. Beerta gobolka ee ugu da'da weyn Kanada, Algonquin Provincial Park waxaa la aasaasay 1893. Waxaa la aasaasay 2015. Gobolka duurjoogta qaranka ee ugu weyn Kanada, oo la aasaasay 2018, waa Aagga Duur-joogta Qaranka ee Scott Islands badda . ==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda== [[File:Parliament Hill from a Hot Air Balloon, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Y2K (7173715788).jpg|thumb|Muuqaalka hawada ee dhismayaasha baarlamaanka Kanada iyo agagaarkooda]] Kanada waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay " dimuqraadiyad buuxda ", oo leh caado liberaaliga , iyo sinnaanta , aragti siyaasadeed oo dhexdhexaad ah . Xoogga saarista caddaaladda bulshada ayaa ahayd shay kala soocida dhaqanka siyaasadeed ee Kanada. Nabadda, kala dambaynta, iyo dawlad wanaagga , oo ay weheliso sharciga xuquuqda aadanaha , ayaa ah mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee federaalka Kanada . Heer federaal, Kanada waxaa gacanta ku haya laba xisbi oo dhexdhexaad ah oo ku dhaqmaya "siyaasad dillaalnimo": Xisbiga Liberal Party of Canada ee bidix dhexe u janjeera iyo xisbiga Conservative Party ee Kanada (ama kuwii ka horreeyay ). Libaraalka taariikh ahaan u badan ayaa isu dhigaya barta dhexe ee miisaanka siyaasadeed. Shan xisbi waxay lahaayeen wakiillo loo soo doortay baarlamaanka doorashada 2025 — Libaraalka, oo soo dhisay dawlad laga tirada badan yahay; Muxaafidka, oo noqday Mucaarad Rasmi ah ; Bloc Québécois ; Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Cusub (qabsashada bidixda ; iyo xisbiga Doogga . Siyaasadda midig-fog iyo siyaasadda bidix-fog weligood may ahayn xoog caan ka ah bulshada Kanada. Kanada waxay leedahay nidaam baarlamaani ah oo ku dhex jira macnaha boqortooyada dastuuriga ah - Boqortooyada Kanada waa aasaaska laamaha fulinta, sharci-dejinta , iyo garsoorka . Boqorka talada haya wuxuu sidoo kale boqor ka yahay 14 waddan oo kale oo madaxbannaan iyo 10-ka gobol ee Kanada . Boqorku wuxuu magacaabayaa wakiil, guddoomiyaha guud , isagoo raacaya talada ra'iisul wasaaraha , si uu u guto inta badan waajibaadkooda boqornimada. [[File:King Charles III (July 2023).jpg|thumb|Charles III Boqorka Kanada]] [[File:Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg|thumb|Mary Simon Guddoomiyaha Guud ee Kanada]] [[File:Mark Carney portrait February 2020.jpg|thumb|Mark Carney Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Kanada]] Boqortooyadu waa isha madax-banaanida iyo maamulka Kanada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo guddoomiyaha guud ama boqortooyadu ay awood u leeyihiin inay awoodaan iyaga oo aan la talin wasiirnimo xaalado dhif ah , isticmaalka awoodaha fulinta (ama awoodda boqortooyada ) waxaa si kale hagaya Golaha Wasiirada , guddi wasiirro ah oo ka tirsan Boqortooyada oo mas'uul ka ah Golaha Baarlamaanka ee la soo doortay oo ay doortaan oo uu hoggaamiyo ra'iisul wasaaraha , . Si loo xaqiijiyo xasilloonida dowladnimada, guddoomiyaha guud wuxuu inta badan u magacaabi doonaa ra'iisul wasaare qofka hadda ah hoggaamiyaha xisbi siyaasadeed oo heli kara kalsoonida aqlabiyadda xubnaha Golaha. Xafiiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha (PMO) waa mid ka mid ah hay'adaha ugu awoodda badan ee dawladda, oo bilaabaya inta badan sharciyada ansixinta baarlamaanka iyo xulashada magacaabista Dhaxalsugaha guud ee guddoomiyaha, ku-xigeennada , senetarada, garsoorayaasha maxkamadda federaalka, iyo madaxda shirkadaha Crown iyo hay'adaha dawladda. Hogaamiyaha xisbiga kuraasida labaad ee ugu badan waxa uu noqdaa hogaamiyaha mucaaradka rasmiga ah , waana qayb ka mid ah nidaamka baarlamaaniga ah ee iska soo horjeeda ee loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo dawladda. [[File:West Block Temp House of Commons, 2022.jpg|thumb|Guriga Baarlamaanka ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee ku-meel-gaarka ah, West Block]] Baarlamaanka Kanada wuxuu soo saaraa dhammaan sharciyada federaalka. Waxay ka kooban tahay Boqortooyada, Aqalka Baarlamaanka, iyo Guurtida . In kasta oo Kanada ay dhaxashay fikradda Ingiriiska ee sarraynta baarlamaanka , tani waxay ahayd markii dambe, iyada oo la ansixiyay Sharciga Dastuurka, 1982, dhammaan laakiin gabi ahaanba waxaa beddelay fikradda Mareykanka ee sarraynta sharciga . Mid kasta oo ka mid ah 343 xubnood ee Baarlamaanka ee Aqalka Baarlamaanka waxaa lagu soo doortaa tiro badan oo fudud degmada doorasho ama fuushan. Sharciga Dastuurka, 1982 , wuxuu u baahan yahay in aan wax ka badan shan sano u dhexeynin doorashooyinka, inkastoo sharciga doorashooyinka Kanada uu tan ku xaddiday afar sano oo leh "go'an" taariikhda doorashada ee Oktoobar; Doorashada guud waa in weli uu ku dhawaaqaa guddoomiyaha guud, waxaana keeni kara talada ra'iisul wasaaraha ama codka kalsoonida ee Golaha. Xubnaha 105 ee golaha guurtida, kuwaas oo kuraastooda loo qaybiyo qaab gobol, waxay u adeegaan ilaa da'da 75. Federaalka Kanada wuxuu u qaybiyaa mas'uuliyadda dawladda inta u dhaxaysa dawladda federaalka iyo 10-ka gobol. Sharci-dejinta gobolku waa kuwo aan sharci ahayn waxayna ku shaqeeyaan qaab baarlamaani ah oo la mid ah Aqalka Hoose. Saddexda dhul ee Kanada sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin sharci-dejin, laakiin kuwani maaha kuwo madaxbannaan, waxay leeyihiin mas'uuliyad dastuuri ah oo ka yar gobollada, waxayna ka duwan yihiin qaab dhismeedkooda gobolka ===Sharciga=== Dastuurka Kanada waa sharciga ugu sarreeya ee dalka, wuxuuna ka kooban yahay qoraal iyo heshiisyo aan qornayn. Sharciga Dastuurka, 1867 (oo loo yaqaan Xeerka Waqooyiga Ameerika ee Ingiriiska, 1867 ka hor 1982), wuxuu xaqiijiyay maamul ku saleysan horudhac baarlamaanka iyo awoodaha kala qeybsanaanta dowladda dhexe iyo dowlad goboleedyada. Xeerka Westminster, 1931 , oo si buuxda loo siiyay madax-bannaani buuxda, iyo Xeerka Dastuurka, 1982 , wuxuu soo afjaray dhammaan xiriirkii sharci-dejinta ee Ingiriiska, iyo sidoo kale in lagu daro qaacidada wax ka beddelka dastuurka iyo Axdiga Kanada ee Xuquuqda iyo Xoriyadda . Axdigu waxa uu dammaanad qaadayaa xuquuqda aasaasiga ah iyo xorriyadaha kuwaas oo inta badan aanay dawladi ka gudbi karin; Si kastaba ha ahaatee qodob ayaa u ogolaanaya Baarlamaanka iyo sharci-dejinta gobolka in ay baabi'iyaan qaybo ka mid ah Axdiga muddo shan sano ah. [[File:Supreme court of Canada in summer.jpg|thumb|Maxkamadda Sare ee Kanada oo ku taal Ottawa, galbeedka Baarlamaanka Hill]] Garsoorka Kanada ayaa tarjuma tarjuma, awood u leh inuu sharraxaadda barnaamijyada baarlamaanka ee ku sharxay dastuurka. Maxkamada Sare ee kanaalada waa Maxkamada ugu darajada ,Garsoorka kama dambeysta ah, sida tan iyo 2017 hogaaminayay Richard Wagner , Gudoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Kanada . Taliyaha guud wuxuu kormeeraa sagaasha ee maxkamadda marka uu la taliyo ra'iisul weerar iyo weerarrada . Golaha Maxkamada fedaraalku wuxuu sidoo kale magacaabayaa garsoorayaal maxkamadaha sare ee tubaakada. qolka guud ayaa meel walba ka jira marka laga reebo Quebec, halkaas oo maskaxda madaniga ah uu u badan yahay. albaabka dembigu waa mas' xaddidan oo keliya oo wanaagsan labiska Kanada oo dhan. Dhaqangelinta Injirta, oo ay ku jiraan maxkamadaha dembiyada, waa si rasmi ah mas' fur gobolka, oo ay xireen booliska gobolka iyo kuwa degmada. Badi miigga iyo qaar, mas'uuliyiinta bilayska waxaa lagu dhuftay la siiya booliiska Royal Canadian Mounted Police . Makhaayadaha Aborijiniska Kanada waxa uu xuquuqdii dastuuri ah oo la aqoonsan yahay dhulka iyo dhaqamada dhaqanka ee soo baxay asaliga ah ee Kanada. Heshiisyo iyo sharciyo kala duwan ayaa la aasaasay si loogu calaamadiyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya Yurubiyaanka iyo dadyoowga asaliga ah. Doorka Aborijiniska iyo xuquuqaha ayan waxaa lagu qoray qaybta 35 ee bogga Dastuurka, 1982 . Waxaa ku jiri kara, shaqada, sida caawinta, iyada oo loo marayo siyaasadda Wareejinta caafimaadka Hindiya , iyo ka dhaafida xuquuqdata ===Gobolada iyo dhulalka=== Kanada waa federaal ka kooban 10 gobol oo federaal ah , oo loo yaqaan, iyo saddex dhulal federaal ah . Kuwaas waxaa loo qaybin karaa afar gobol oo waaweyn : Western Canada , Central Canada , Atlantic Canada , iyo Northern Canada ( Bari Kanada waxaa loola jeedaa Bartamaha Kanada iyo Atlantic Canada wadajir). Calaamadda iyo dhulalka waxay leeyihiin mas' block bulshada sida, xarig , baahi , iyo muujinta bulshada, iyo sidoo kale maamulka maamulka (lakin maaha, dembiyada). In kasta oo gobolladu ay ka kooban yihiin noocyo kala duwan oo kala duwan, sinnaanta moodooyinka waxaa bixiya bixinaya si loo hubiyo in si macquul ah shaqada iyo canshuuraha loo fiiriyo tallaalka hodanka ah iyo kuwa saboolka ah. Farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya gobolka Kanadiyaanka iyo dhulalka ayaa ah in gobolladu ay ka helaan madax-banaanidooda waajibaadka iyo waajibaadka iyo qaybaha Dastuurka, 1867 , halka qodobka dhulalka ay leeyihiin awoodo ay u wakiisheen baarlamaanka Kanada iyo wakiilladu waxay matalaan Boqorka golihiisa boos , si toos ah. Awoodaha ka soo baxaya Xeerka Dastuurka, 1867 , waxa ay kala qaybsan yihiin dawladaha iyo qaybaha gobolka inay si gaar ah u caddayn iyo isbeddel kasta oo lagu sameeyo habraacaas wuxuu u baahan yahay wax ka beddelka dastuurka , isbeddelka doorarka iyo awoodaha dhulalka uu samayn karo hal dhinac oo keliya Baarlamaanka Kanada. ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:Canadian embassies map.png|thumb|Ergada Diplomaasiyadeed ee Kanada]] Kanada waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay awood dhexe ay ku leedahay mawduucyada ah iyada oo u janjeerta inay raadiso xalal dhinacyo badan leh iyo macallimiin caalami ah . Kanada waxay caan ku tahay sida ay uga go'an tahay nabadda iyo amniga ah, iyo sidoo kale ciidda colaadaha, iyo alka gargaar soo koraya . Kanada iyo Jaamacadda waxay leeyihiin xidhiidh dheer oo adag; taariikh ahaan xulafada dhow, waxay si joogto ah isaga kaashadaan ololaha militariga iyo dadaallada bani'aadamnimada. Kanada waxa ay sidoo kale ilaalisaa xidhiidhka taariikhi iyo dhaqameed oo ay la leedahay Ingiriiska iyo Faransiiska ,iyada oo ay weheliso labada waddan ee ay hore u gumaysan jireen iyada oo loo qaybnimadeeda Commonwealth of Nations iyo Ururka doorka ah ee de la Francophonie . Kanada waxaa lagu xusay inay xiriir togan la leedahay Nederland , iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay, qayb ahaan, gacantii ay ka xustay Nederland intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka . Kanada waxay xafiisyo walaaceeda iyo qunsuliyadeed ku leedahay in ka badan 270 goobood oo ku yaal dhegaha 180 waddan oo shisheeye ah. Kanada waxay kor u qaaddaa qiyamka ay wadaagto iyada oo ka qaybqaadanaysa ururo caalami ah oo badan . Kanada waxay xubin ka ahayd Qaramada Midoobay (UN) 1945 samaa bixiyey Ciidanka Difaaca Hawada Waqooyiga iyada oo ay weheliso Maraykanka 1958. Wadanku wuxuu xubin ka ahaa aasaasaha Madasha Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha ee Aasiya-Pacific ( APEC ) ee 1989 markii ku biiray Ururka Dawladaha Mareykanka (OAS) 1990 ===Ciidan iyo nabad ilaalin=== [[File:CAFDay-27 (cropped).jpg|thumb|A Canadian McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet ee "calaamadaynta gaarka ah" ee ay adeegsadeen kooxda CF-18 ee 2014]] Marka laga soo taago gooyo badan oo shaqsi ah, in ka badan 3,000 oo Ciidanka Qalabka Sida ee Kanada (CAF) ayaa la geeyay hawlgallo badan oo laga sameeyay badda . Ciidamada midaysan ee Kanadiyaanka waxay ka kooban yihiin Ciidanka Badda ee Royal Canadian Navy , Ciidanka Kanada , iyo Ciidanka Cirka ee Royal Canadian Air Force . Qaranku wuxuu shaqaaleeyaa shaqaalaysiinta leh, tabaruce ah oo ku dhow 68,000 oo shaqaale ah iyo 27,000 shaqaale kayd ah - kor u kaca ilaa 71,500 iyo 30,000 siday u kala adeegaan "Strong, Secure, Engaged" -oo leh qayb-hoosaad ah war 5.000 Canadian Rangers. calaamada 2022-kii, cuntooyinka Canada waxa uu gaadhay ku dhawaad ​​​​$26.9 bilyun, ama ku dhawaad ​​1.2 inch wax-soo-saarka guud ee dalka (GDP) – taas oo ka dhigaysa 14-AAD ARAGGANAAN . Doorkii Kanada ee ilaalinta ilaalinta ilaalinta iyo ka qaybqaadashada dadaallada nabad-ilaalinta ee 20aad ayaa door weyn ka ciyaartay muuqaalkeeda togan ee caalamka. Nabad-ilaalintu waxay si qoto dheer ugu dhex jirtaa dhaqanka Kanadiyaanka iyo muujinta kala soocida ee dadka Kanadiyaanka ahi ay dacwadan inay siyaasaddooda dibadda ka dhigayaan Maraykanka. Kanada ayaa Maktabad dheer ka soo jiidatay inay ka qaybgasho hawlgallada militari ee aan cunaqabatayn Qaramada Midoobay, sida Dagaalkii Vietnam ama duulaankii 2003 ee Ciraaq . Tan iyo iidellada 21aad, ka- warbixinada warbixinta ee Kanadiyaanka ee ilaalinta nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacday. Hoos u dhaca weyni waxay natiijada ka dhalatay Kanada oo hagaysay ka- mkpọsakeeda hawlgallada sababta ay Qaramada Midoobay oggolaatay iyada oo loo marayo Ururka Heshiiska Waqooyiga Atlanta , halkii ay si toos ah u soo marin lahayd UN. Isbeddelka ka-hortagga iyada oo loo marayo NATO waxay keentay in loo beddelo hawlgallo badan oo Millatari iyo dilaa ah halkii ay ka heli lahaayeen agabka ilaalinta ilaalinta dhaqanka. ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:Toronto from above at night.jpg|thumb|Degmada maaliyadeed ee Toronto waa xarunta labaad ee dhaqaalaha ugu weyn Waqooyiga Ameerika, waana tan toddobaad ee ugu weyn adduunka xagga shaqada iyo wadnaha warshadaha maaliyadda ee Kanada]] Dhaqaalaha isku-dhafka ah ee Kanada waa mid aad u horumarsan , oo lagu qiimeeyay kaalinta sagaalaad ee adduunka ugu weyn marka loo eego GDP-ga magac ahaan marka la eego 2023 , qiyaastii US$ 2.221 trillion . Wadanku waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu waaweyn ganacsiga adduunka , oo leh dhaqaale heer caalami ah . Sannadkii 2021, ganacsiga Kanada ee badeecadaha iyo adeegyadu wuxuu gaadhay $2.016 trillion.  Dhoofinta Kanada waxay dhammaatay in ka badan $637 bilyan, halka alaabteeda la soo dejisay ay qiimaheedu ka badnaayeen $631 bilyan, taas oo ku dhawaad ​​$391 bilyan ay ka timid Maraykanka.  2018, Kanada waxay lahayd hoos u dhac ganacsi oo alaab ah $ 22 bilyan iyo hoos u dhaca ganacsiga ee adeegyada $ 25 bilyan. Sarifka saamiyada Toronto waa sarifka saamiyada sagaalaad ee ugu wayn aduunka marka lasameeyo suuq geynta suuqa , iyada oo taxaysa in ka badan 1,500 shirkadood oo leh isku darka suuqa kala iibsiga ee ka badan US$2 trillion .  Bank of Canada waa bangiga dhexe ee dalka.  Wasiirka maaliyadda iyo wasiirka hal-abuurka, sayniska, iyo warshadaha waxay isticmaalaan xogta Statistics Canada si ay awood ugu yeeshaan qorsheynta maaliyadeed iyo horumarinta siyaasadda dhaqaalaha. Kanada waxay leedahay qayb bangi iskaashato oo xooggan , oo leh xubinnimada ugu sarreysa adduunka ee qof kasta ee ururada deymaha .  Waxay ku jirtaa heerka hoose ee Heerka Musuqmaasuqa (14th ee 2023)  iyo "waxaa si weyn loo tixgeliyaa inay ka mid yihiin wadamada ugu musuqmaasuqa yar adduunka". Waxay ku jirtaa heerka sare ee Warbixinta tartanka caalamiga ah (19th ee 2024).  Dhaqaalaha Kanada waxa uu ka sarreeyaa waddamada reer galbeedka intooda badan marka loo eego Tusmada Xoriyadda Dhaqaalaha ee Heritage Foundation  waxayna la kulmaan kala duwanaansho dakhli oo aad u hooseeya . Kanada waxa ay ka mid tahay dalalka ugu hooseeya ee ugu horumarsan xagga kiraynta guryaha  iyo maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye . Laga soo bilaabo horraantii qarnigii 20-aad, kobaca wax soo saarka Kanada , macdanta, iyo waaxyaha adeegga ayaa ka beddelay waddankii dhaqaalihii miyiga u badnaa una beddelay mid magaalo-magaaleed, mid warshadeed.  Dhaqaalaha Kanadiyaanka waxaa u badan warshadaha adeegga , kaas oo ka shaqeeya qiyaastii saddex-meelood meel shaqaalaha dalka. Kanada waxay leedahay qayb aasaasi ah oo aan caadi ahayn oo muhiim ah , kuwaas oo kaymaha iyo warshadaha batroolka ay yihiin qaybaha ugu caansan. Magaalooyin badan oo ku yaal waqooyiga Kanada, halkaas oo beeralaydu ku adag tahay, waxaa sii wata miinooyinka u dhow ama ilo alwaax ah. [[File:FTAs with Canada.svg|thumb|⬛Kanada 🟩Wadamada iyo dhulalka leh heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah]] Is dhexgalka dhaqaale ee Kanada iyo Maraykanka aad buu u kordhay ilaa dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka . Kanada - Heshiiska Ganacsiga Xorta ah ee Maraykanka (FTA) ee 1988 wuxuu baabi'iyay canshuuraha u dhexeeya labada waddan, halka Waqooyiga Ameerika Heshiiska Ganacsiga Xorta ah (NAFTA) uu ballaariyay aagga ganacsiga xorta ah si loogu daro Mexico 1994 (kadibna waxaa beddelay Canada-United States-Mexico ). Laga bilaabo 2023, Kanada waa saxeexa 15 heshiisyada ganacsiga xorta ah ee 51 waddan oo kala duwan. Kanada waa mid ka mid ah dhawrka waddan ee horumaray ee sida saafiga ah u dhoofiya tamarta. Atlantic Canada waxay haysataa kayd gaas dabiici ah oo aad u ballaadhan , iyo Alberta waxay martigelisaa kaydka saliidda afraad ee ugu weyn adduunka. Ciidda saliidda Athabasca ee ballaadhan iyo kaydka saliidda kale waxay Kanada siiyaan 13 boqolkiiba kaydka saliidda adduunka, taasoo ka dhigaysa saddexaad ama afraad ee ugu weyn adduunka . Kanada ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ah alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu weyn adduunka ee wax soo saarka beeraha ; Gobolka Canadian Prairies waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan caalamka ee soo saara sarreenka, canola , iyo miraha kale. Kanada dhoofinta ugu weyn waa zinc, uranium, dahab, nickel, platinoids , aluminium, steel, iron ore, coking coal, lead, copper, molybdenum , cobalt, iyo cadmium. Kanada waxay leedahay qayb wax soo saar oo baaxad leh oo xuddun u ah koonfurta Ontaariyo iyo Quebec, oo leh baabuur iyo aeronautics oo matalaya warshado muhiim ah gaar ahaan. Warshadaha kalluumeysiga ee dalka ayaa sidoo kale ah qayb muhiim ah oo ka qaybqaata dhaqaalaha. ===Sayniska iyo farsamada=== Sannadka 2020, Kanada waxay ku bixisay ku dhawaad ​​$41.9 bilyan cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo horumarinta , iyada oo qiyaasaha dheeriga ah ee 2022 ay ku kacayso $43.2 bilyan. Laga bilaabo 2023 , waddanku wuxuu soo saaray 15 Nobel abaalmarinta physics , chemistry iyo caafimaadka . Wadanku wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta toddobaad ee saamiga adduunka ee maqaallada lagu daabacay joornaalada sayniska , sida laga soo xigtay Nature Index , waxayna hoy u tahay xarumaha dhowr shirkadood oo tiknoolajiyada caalamiga ah. Kanada waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee helitaanka internetka adduunka , iyada oo qiyaastii 95 boqolkiiba dadkeeda ay da'doodu tahay 15 iyo wixii ka sareeya. [[File:STS-116 - P5 Truss hand-off to ISS (NASA S116-E-05765).jpg|thumb|Gacanta Robotka Hawada ee ay dhistay Kanadiyaanka (bidix), loona yaqaan Canadarm , ayaa qaybta truss ee P5 u wareejisay cudud robotic ah oo saldhigeedu yahay Canada , oo loo yaqaan Canadarm2]] Guulaha kanada ee kabaha iyo tignoolajiyada ka mid ah abuurista baytariga calaamadaha ee alkaline, calaamadaha insulinta , tallaalka dabaysha , iyo baaritaanno ku saabsan qaabka qofka ee nukleus atomiga . Waxyaalaha kale ee kabaha ee Canadian-ka ah waxaa ka mid ah garaaca wadnaha macmalka ah , khariidaynta kortexka muuqaalka , mooto mikroskoob elektaroonig ah , tectonics plate , barashada qoto dheer , tign tababara taabasho badan , iyo qalabka godka madow ee ugu ciyaari , Cygnus X-1 . Kanada waxay leedahay taariikh dheer oo lagu ogaanayo hidde-sideyaasha, oo ay ku jiraan unugyada asliga ah , mutagenesis-ku hagayo goobta , soo-dhoweynta T-cell , biyaha hidda-wadayaasha keena Fanconi anemia , cystic fibrosis , iyo bilawga hore ee cudurka Alzheimers , iyo cuduro kale oo badan. Wakaaladda Hawada Kanada waxay waddaa barnaamij meel bannaan oo adeeg ah oo kayd lagu saarayo-meel-dheer, meeraha, iyo cilmi-baaris duulista, oo ay weheliso gantaallo iyo dayax-gacmeedyo. Kanada waxay dirtay dayax-gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay, Alouette 1 , 1962. ka qaybqaata Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah ee caan ku tahay aaladaha robotka, sida Kanadarms badan . Kanada waxay bilawday mashruucyo badan oo mustaqbalka fog ah, oo ay ku jiraan taxanaha dayax-gacmeedka ee Radarsat iyo gantaallada Black Brant . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== [[File:STS-116 - P5 Truss hand-off to ISS (NASA S116-E-05765).jpg|thumb|Khariidadda cufnaanta dadweynaha Kanada (2014) Bidix sare: Waddada Quebec–Windsor Corridor waa gobolka ugu dadka badan ee la deggan yahay uguna warshadaysan]] Tirakoobka Kanada ee 2021 wuxuu tiriyay wadarta dadweynaha 36,991,981, oo ah koror ku dhawaad ​​5.2 boqolkiiba marka loo eego tirada 2016. Waxa lagu qiyaasaa in dadka Kanada ay kor u dhaafeen 40,000,000 sanadka 2023 . Kanada waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah heerarka socdaalka qof kasta ee ugu sarreeya adduunka, oo ay horseed u tahay siyaasadda dhaqaalaha iyo isu-keenidda qoyska . Rikoor 483,390 soo galooti ah ayaa la aqbalay 2024 .waxa ay dib u dajin u samaysay in ka badan 47,600 sanadii 2022 Cufnaanta dadweynaha Kanada, oo ku nool 4.2 deggane kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (11/sq mi), ayaa ka mid ah kuwa ugu hooseeya adduunka, iyada oo qiyaastii 95 boqolkiiba dadweynaha deggan koonfurta 55aad ee isbarbardhigga woqooyi. Qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba dadku waxay ku nool yihiin 150 kiiloomitir (93 mi) ee soohdinta Maraykanka. Kanada aad ayaa loo magaaleeyay, iyadoo in ka badan 80 boqolkiiba dadka ku nool ay ku nool yihiin xarumaha magaalooyinka. Inta badan dadka Kanadiyaanka ah (in ka badan 70 boqolkiiba) waxay ku nool yihiin in ka hooseysa 49-aad isbar-bar , iyadoo 50 boqolkiiba dadka Kanadiyaanka ah ay ku nool yihiin koonfurta 45°42′ (45.7 darajo) waqooyi. Qaybta ugu dadka badan dalka waa Waddada Quebec City–Windsor Corridor ee Koonfurta Quebec iyo Koonfurta Ontaariyo ee ku teedsan harooyinka waaweyn iyo wabiga St. Lawrence. Inta badan dadka Kanadiyaanka ah (boqolkiiba 81.1) waxay ku nool yihiin guryaha qoyska, 12.1 boqolkiiba waxay sheegeen inay keligood nool yihiin, iyo 6.8 boqolkiiba waxay la nool yihiin qaraabo kale ama dad aan qaraabo ahayn. Boqolkiiba kow iyo konton qoys waa lammaane leh ama aan lahayn carruur, 8.7 boqolkiiba waa qoysas hal waalid ah, 2.9 boqolkiiba waa qoysas jiilal badan, iyo 29.3 boqolkiiba waa qoysas hal qof ah ===Qowmiyad=== Jawaab bixiyaasha tirakoobka Kanada 2021 waxay iskood uga warbixiyeen in ka badan 450 " isir ama asal dhaqameed ". Kooxaha ugu waaweyn ee la doortay waxay ahaayeen: Yurub ( 52.5 boqolkiiba), Waqooyiga Ameerika ( 22.9 boqolkiiba), Asian ( 19.3 boqolkiiba), Waqooyiga Ameerika ( 6.1 boqolkiiba), Afrika ( 3.8 boqolkiiba), Latin, Bartamaha iyo Koonfurta Ameerika ( 2.5 boqolkiiba), Caribbean ( 2.1 boqolkiiba), Oceanian ( 0.3 boqolkiiba), iyo kuwa kale ( 0.3 boqolkiiba). In ka badan 60 boqolkiiba dadka Kanadiyaanka ah ayaa sheegay hal asal, iyo 36 boqolkiiba ayaa sheegay in ay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan qowmiyado badan, sidaas awgeed wadarta guud waxay ka weyn tahay 100 boqolkiiba [[File:Canadian_ethnocultural_diversity.png|thumb|168ka ugu sarreeya qowmiyad ama asal dhaqameed ayaa iskood uga warbixiyey Kanadiyaanka tirakoobka 2021]] Tobanka waddan ee ugu badan ee is-sheegga isir ama asal dhaqameed ee 2021 waxay ahaayeen Kanadiyaanka ( xisaabinta 15.6 boqolkiiba dadweynaha), oo ay ku xigto Ingiriisi (14.7 boqolkiiba), Irish (12.1 boqolkiiba), Scottish (12.1 boqolkiiba), Faransiis ( 11.0 boqolkiiba), Jarmal (8.1 boqolkiiba), Shiinaha (4.7 boqolkiiba ), Talyaani (3.3 boqolkiiba), Talyaani (3.3 boqolkiiba) . 36.3 milyan oo qof oo la tiriyey sanadka 2021, ku dhawaad ​​25.4 milyan ayaa sheegay inay yihiin " Caddaan ", oo ka dhigan 69.8 boqolkiiba dadweynaha. Dadka asaliga ah ee matalaya 5 boqolkiiba ama 1.8 milyan oo qof, ayaa kordhay 9.4 boqolkiiba marka la barbardhigo dadka aan asaliga ahayn, kuwaas oo koray 5.3 boqolkiiba 2016 ilaa 2021 . kuwa ugu badan ee 2021 waxay ahaayeen Koonfurta Aasiya (2.6 milyan oo qof; 7.1 boqolkiiba), Shiinaha (1.7 milyan; 4.7 boqolkiiba), Madow (1.5 milyan; 4.3 boqolkiiba), Filibiin (960,000 2.6 boqolkiiba), Carabta (690,000; 1.9 boqolkiiba sida Koonfur Ameerika), 0.0% Latin America . (390,000; 1.1 boqolkiiba), Galbeedka Aasiya (360,000; 1.0 boqolkiiba), Kuuriyaan (220,000; 0.6 boqolkiiba) iyo Jabbaan (99,000; 0.3 boqolkiiba). Intii u dhaxaysay 2011 iyo 2016, dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee muuqda ayaa kor u kacay 18.4 boqolkiiba. Sannadkii 1961, ilaa 300,000 oo qof, in ka yar boqolkiiba laba dadka Kanada, waxay ahaayeen xubno ka tirsan kooxaha laga tirada badan yahay ee muuqda. Tirakoobka 2021 wuxuu muujiyay in 8.3 milyan oo qof, ama ku dhawaad ​​rubuc (23.0 boqolkiiba) dadweynaha, ay isu sheegeen inay yihiin ama ay ahaayeen soo galooti la degay ama deganaanshaha rasmiga ah ee Kanada - oo ka sarreeya tirakoobkii 1921 ee rikoorkii hore ee 22.3 boqolkiiba. Sannadkii 2021, Hindiya, Shiinaha, iyo Filibiin ayaa ahaa saddexda waddan ee ugu sarreeya asal ahaan muhaajiriinta u soo guuraya Kanada [[File:English-French_bilingualism_rate_in_Canada.png|thumb|]] Luuqado badan ayaa ay adeegsadaan dadka reer Kanada, oo Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis ( luqadaha rasmiga ah ) ay yihiin afafka hooyo ee boqolkiiba 54 iyo 19 boqolkiiba dadka Kanadiyaanka ah, siday u kala horreeyaan. Siyaasadaha laba-luqadnimo ee Kanada ee rasmiga ah waxay siinayaan muwaadiniinta xaqa ay ku helaan adeegyada dawladda dhexe Ingiriisi ama Faransiis midkoodna luqadda rasmiga ah ee laga tirada badan yahay waxay dammaanad qaadeen dugsiyadooda dhammaan gobollada iyo dhulalka. Xeerka Luqadda Rasmiga ah ee Quebec ee 1974 ayaa Faransiiska u asaasay luqadda rasmiga ah ee gobolka. Inkasta oo in ka badan 82 boqolkiiba dadka Faransiiska ku hadla ee Kanada ay ku nool yihiin Quebec, waxaa jira dad fara badan oo ku hadla afka Faransiiska ee New Brunswick , Alberta , iyo Manitoba , iyada oo Ontario ay leedahay dadka ugu badan ee Faransiiska ku hadla ee ka baxsan Quebec. New Brunswick, gobolka kaliya ee rasmiga ah ee labada luuqad ku hadla, ayaa leh Acadian French laga tirada badan yahay oo ka kooban 33 boqolkiiba dadweynaha. Waxa kale oo jira kooxo Acadians ah oo ku yaala koonfur-galbeed ee Nova Scotia, ee Cape Breton Island, iyo bartamaha iyo galbeedka Prince Edward Island. Gobollada kale ma laha luqado rasmi ah sida, laakiin Faransiiska waxaa loo isticmaalaa luqad wax lagu baro, maxkamadaha, iyo adeegyada kale ee dawladda, marka lagu daro Ingiriisiga. Manitoba, Ontario, iyo Quebec waxay ogol yihiin in Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis labadaba lagaga hadlo sharci-dejinta gobolka iyo sharciyada ayaa lagu soo rogay labada luqadood. On Ontario, Faransiisku wuxuu leeyahay xoogaa sharci ah, laakiin si buuxda uma wada shaqayn. Waxaa jira 11 kooxo af asali ah , oo ka kooban in ka badan 65 luqadood iyo lahjado kala duwan. Dhowr luqadood oo asaliga ah ayaa maqaam rasmi ah ku leh Gobollada Waqooyi Galbeed. Inuktitut waa luqadda ugu badan ee Nunavut waana mid ka mid ah saddexda luqadood ee rasmiga ah ee dhulka. Marka la eego tirakoobka 2021, in ka badan 7.8 milyan oo Kanadiyaan ah ayaa ku qoray luqad aan rasmi ahayn luqaddooda koowaad . Qaar ka mid ah luqadaha koowaad ee caadiga ah ee aan rasmiga ahayn waxaa ka mid ah Mandarin (679,255 ku hadla luqadda koowaad), Punjabi (666,585), Cantonese (553,380), Isbaanish (538,870), Carabi (508,410), Tagalog (461,150), Talyaani (319,50), Talyaani (237,890). Dalka waxa kale oo uu hoy u yahay luqado badan oo dhegoolayaasha ah , kuwaas oo qaarkood ay yihiin kuwo asaliga ah. Luqadda Calaamadaha Ameerikaanka (ASL) ayaa laga isticmaalaa dalka oo dhan sababtoo ah badinta ASL ee dugsiyada hoose iyo sare. [ 317 ] Luqadda Calaamadaha Quebec (LSQ) ayaa ugu horrayn loogu isticmaalaa Quebec ===Diinta=== Kanada diin ahaan way kala duwan tahay, oo ka kooban caqiido iyo caadooyin kala duwan. Dastuurka Kanada wuxuu tilmaamayaa Ilaah; si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kanada ma laha kaniisad rasmi ah, dawladduna waxay si rasmi ah uga go'an tahay ku dhaqanka jamac diimeed . Xorriyadda diinta ee Kanada waa xuquuq dastuuri ah oo la ilaaliyo. Heerarka ku-dhaqanka diinta ayaa si joogto ah hoos ugu dhacay ilaa 1970-meeyadii. Iyadoo Masiixiyaddu ay hoos u dhacday ka dib markii ay hal mar udub dhexaad u tahay dhaqanka Kanadiyaanka iyo nolol maalmeedka, Kanada waxay noqotay waddan ka dambeeya Masiixi , dawlad cilmaani ah . Inkasta oo inta badan dadka Kanadiyaanka ah ay u arkaan diinta inay tahay mid aan muhiim ahayn nolol maalmeedkooda, waxay weli aaminsan yihiin Ilaah. Ku dhaqanka diinta waxaa guud ahaan loo arkaa arrin gaar ah. Marka loo eego tirakoobka 2021, Masiixiyaddu waa diinta ugu weyn Kanada, iyadoo Roman Catholics ay matalaan boqolkiiba 29.9 dadka ugu badan ee raacsan. Masiixiyiinta guud ahaan ka dhigan 53.3 boqolkiiba dadweynaha, waxaa ku xiga dadka ka warbixinaya diin la'aan ama aan diin lahayn 34.6 boqolkiiba. Diimaha kale waxaa ka mid ah Islaamka (4.9 boqolkiiba), Hinduism (2.3 boqolkiiba), Sikhism (2.1 boqolkiiba), Buddhism (1.0 boqolkiiba), Yuhuudda (0.9 boqolkiiba), iyo ruuxa asaliga ah (0.2 boqolkiiba). Kanada waxay leedahay dadka labaad ee ugu weyn qaranka Sikh , ka dambeeya Hindiya . ==Caafimaadka== Daryeelka caafimaadka Kanada waxaa lagu bixiyaa nidaamka gobolka iyo dhulalka ee daryeelka caafimaadka dadweynaha ay maalgeliyaan , si aan rasmi ahayn loogu yeero Medicare . Waxa haga qodobada Xeerka Caafimaadka Kanada ee 1984 waana mid caalami ah . Helitaanka caalamiga ah ee adeegyada caafimaad ee dawladdu maalgeliso "waxaa inta badan dadka Kanadiyaanka ah u tixgeliyaan qiimo aasaasi ah oo hubinaya caymiska daryeelka caafimaadka qaranka qof kasta meel kasta oo uu ku nool yahay dalka". Qiyaastii 30 boqolkiiba daryeelka caafimaadka Kanadiyaanka waxa laga bixiyaa qaybta gaarka loo leeyahay. Tani waxay inta badan bixisaa adeegyada aan daboolin ama qayb ahaan ay daboolin Medicare, sida daawooyinka la qoro , dhakhtarka ilkaha iyo indhaha . Qiyaastii 65 ilaa 75 boqolkiiba dadka Kanadiyaanka ah waxay leeyihiin nooc ka mid ah caymis caafimaad oo dheeri ah; Qaar badan oo ka mid ah waxay ka helaan loo-shaqeeyayaasha ama galaan barnaamijyada adeegga bulshada ee sare. [[File:OECD_health_expenditure_per_capita_by_country.svg|thumb|Kharashka caafimaadka iyo maalgelinta dalka . Wadarta kharashka caafimaadka qofkiiba dollarka Maraykanka (PPP)]] Si la mid ah waddamo kale oo badan oo horumaray, Kanada waxa la kulma korodhka kharashyada daryeelka caafimaadka taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isbeddelka tirakoobka ee dadka da'da ah, oo leh hawlgab badan iyo dad yar oo da'da shaqada ah. 2021, celceliska da'da Kanada waxay ahayd 41.9 sano. Cimriga nolosha waa 81.1 sano. Warbixin 2016 ah oo uu soo saaray madaxa caafimaadka dadweynaha ayaa lagu ogaaday in 88 boqolkiiba dadka Kanadiyaanka ah, oo ka mid ah tirada ugu badan ee dadka ku nool wadamada G7, ay muujiyeen inay "caafimaad wanaagsan leeyihiin ama aad u wanaagsan yihiin". Boqolkiiba 80 ka mid ah dadka qaangaarka ah ee Kanadiyaanka ah ayaa iskood u sheega in ay haystaan ​​​​ugu yaraan hal arrin oo khatar ah oo loogu talagalay cudurrada daba-dheeraada: sigaar-cabista, dhaqdhaqaaq la'aanta jireed, cunto aan caafimaad lahayn ama isticmaalka khamriga xad-dhaafka ah. Kanada waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee buurnaanta dadka waaweyn ee wadamada OECD , taas oo gacan ka geysata ku dhawaad ​​​​2.7 milyan oo xaaladood oo sonkorow ah . Afar cudur oo dabadheeraad ah - kansar (sababta ugu horreysa ee dhimashada), cudurrada wadnaha iyo xididdada dhiigga , cudurrada neef-mareenka , iyo sonkorowga - xisaabaadka 65 boqolkiiba dhimashada Kanada. Waxaa Kanada ku nool ku dhawaad ​​8 milyan oo qof oo da'doodu tahay 15 jir oo leh hal ama in ka badan oo naafo ah . 2024, Machadka Kanada ee Macluumaadka Caafimaadka wuxuu qiyaasay in kharashka daryeelka caafimaadku gaadhay $372 bilyan, ama 12.4 boqolkiiba GDP-ga Kanada sanadkaas. Sannadkii 2022, kharashka qof kasta ee Kanada ee kharashyada caafimaadka ayaa kaalinta 12aad ka galay nidaamyada daryeelka caafimaadka ee OECD . Kanada waxay samaysay ku dhawaad, ama ka sarreeya celceliska inta badan tilmaamayaasha caafimaadka OECD tan iyo horraantii 2000-meeyadii, oo ka sarreeya celceliska tilmaamayaasha OECD ee wakhtiyada sugitaanka iyo helitaanka daryeelka, celceliska dhibcaha tayada daryeelka iyo isticmaalka kheyraadka. Warbixinta Sanduuqa Dawlada Dhexe ee 2021 isbarbardhigga nidaamyada daryeelka caafimaadka ee 11ka waddan ee ugu horumarsan ayaa galay Kanada kaalinta labaad ilaa ugu dambeysa. Daciifnimada la aqoonsaday ayaa marka la barbardhigo sare u kacday heerka dhimashada dhallaanka, baahsanaanta xaaladaha daba-dheeraada, waqtiyada sugitaanka ee dheer, helitaanka liita ee daryeelka saacadaha ka dambeeya, iyo la'aanta daawooyinka dhakhtar qoro iyo caymiska ilkaha. Dhibaatada sii kordheysa ee nidaamka caafimaadka Kanada waa la'aanta xirfadlayaasha daryeelka caafimaadka, iyo awoodda isbitaalka ==Waxbarashada== [[File:Educationincanada-eng.png|thumb|Kanada gobol ahaan iyo territori ahaanba, taas oo muujinaysa boqolkiiba dadka da'doodu u dhaxayso 25 ilaa 64 ee haysta shahaadada koowaad ee jaamacadda ama ka sareeya, iyo boqolkiiba dhibicdu waxay isbeddelaysaa 2016 ilaa 2021]] Waxbarashada Kanada inta badan waxaa loo bixiyaa si guud , waxaa maalgeliya oo kormeera dawladaha federaalka , gobolka , iyo dawladaha hoose . Waxbarashadu waxay ku dhex jirtaa xukunka gobolka, manhajka gobolkana waxaa kormeera dawladeeda. Waxbarashada Kanada guud ahaan waxay u qaybsantaa waxbarashada aasaasiga ah , waxaana ku xiga waxbarashada sare iyo tan ka dambaysa . Waxbarasho Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis labadaba ah ayaa laga heli karaa meelo badan oo Kanada ah. Kanada waxay leedahay tiro badan oo jaamacado ah, ku dhawaad ​​dhamaantood si guud ayaa loo maalgeliyaa. Waxaa la aasaasay 1663, Université Laval waa machadka ugu da'da weyn ee ka dambeeya dugsiga sare ee Kanada. Saddexda jaamacadood ee ugu sarreeya qaranka waa Jaamacadda Toronto , McGill , iyo Jaamacadda British Columbia . Jaamacadda ugu weyn waa Jaamacadda Toronto , taas oo ay dhigtaan in ka badan 85,000 oo arday. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin 2022 ay soo saartay OECD, Kanada waa mid ka mid ah waddamada ugu aqoonta badan adduunka; waddanku wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta koowaad adduunka oo dhan boqolkiiba dadka qaangaarka ah ee haysta waxbarasho jaamacadeed, iyada oo in ka badan 56 boqolkiiba dadka waaweyn ee Kanada ay heleen ugu yaraan shahaadada jaamacadeed ama shahaado jaamacadeed. Kanada waxay ku bixisaa celcelis ahaan 5.3 boqolkiiba GDP-ga waxbarashada. Wadanku waxa uu si weyn u maalgeliyaa waxbarashada jaamacadeed (in ka badan US$20,000 ardaygiiba). Laga bilaabo 2022 , 89 boqolkiiba dadka qaangaarka ah ee da'doodu u dhaxayso 25 ilaa 64 waxay kasbadeen wax u dhigma shahaadada dugsiga sare, marka la barbardhigo celceliska OECD ee 75 boqolkiiba. ==Dhaqanka== [[File:WLM-CA-2018-Toronto-Union_Station-9296.jpg|thumb| Taallo Dhaqamada Kala Duwan ee uu qoray Francesco Pirelli, Toronto]] Taariikh ahaan, Kanada waxaa horyaaly Ingiriis, Faransiis , iyo dhaqamada iyo caadooyinka asalka ah. Intii lagu jiray dhacdooyinka 20aad, Kanadiyaanka haysta dhulaha Afrika, Kariibiyaanka, iyo Aasiya waxay ku dareen celiyeen Kanadiyaanka iyo dhaqankooda. Dhaqanka Kanada wuxuu saameyn ku yeeshaa qaababka kala duwan ee ay ka kooban tahay, siyaasadda kor u qaada bulshooyin ah waa la ilaaliyaa dastuur ahaan. Tan iyo 1960-meeyadii, Kanada waxay awood xuquuqul insaanka iyo ka- xannibaada dhammaan. Aqoonsiga Kanadiyaanka waxa uu ka soo wareegay asal ahaan British ku salaysan una guuray dhaqamo kala duwan intii u koobay 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii. Siyaasadda ah ee gobolka ee dhaqamada kala duwan waxaa inta badan lagu tilmaamaa mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha loo baahan yahay ee Kanada iyo qayb muhiim ah oo lagu kala saaro kabaha Kanadiyaanka. Quebec, luqada dhaqanku waa mid koonfurta waxaan jiray dhaqan Canadian Canadian ah oo ka duwan dhaqanka Kanada ee wadnaha. Guud ahaan, Kanada waxay ku jirtaa aragtida mosaic-dhaqameedka qaybaha hoose ee gobolka oo leh meelo kala duwan iyo qawmiyad qawmiyad . Habka maamulka kanada ee ruujinta saaraya dhaqamada badan, kaas oo ku salaysan diinta , isdhexgalka bulshada, iyo waxbarashada dugsiyada midigta fog, ayaa leh taageero dadweyne oo. Siyaasadaha Dowladda Sida Xalalka Walaalaha ah, canshuuraha sare loo qaado si loo qaybiyo xoolaha, sharci-dejinta ciqaabta dilka , dadaalada Kanadalada ee lagu ciribtirayo faqriga , ficilta adag , habdhaqan xornimo bulsheed oo ku dhaleeceeyay haweenka (sida uurka ) iyo mamnuucista LGBT , iyo sharciyeynta euthanasia iyo qaar xashiishka ayaa tilmaamaya dhaqanka. Kanadiyaanka sidoo kale waxay aqoonsadaan siyaasadda gargaarka gudaha dalka, ilaalinta ilaalinta ilaalinta, beerta nidaamka qaranka, iyo Axdiga Kanada ee Xuquuqda iyo Xoriyadda. ===Suugaanta=== [[File:Margaret_Atwood_(3x4_cropped).jpg|thumb|Qoraaga Margaret Atwood ayaa soo jeedisay in intii lagu jiray 1970-yadii suugaanta Kanadiyaanka ay wali raadinayeen aqoonsi qaran]]Suugaanta Kanada waxay inta badan u qaybsantaa suugaan Faransiis-iyo Ingiriisi, kuwaas oo ku qotoma dhaqanka suugaanta ee Faransiiska iyo Ingiriiska, siday u kala duwan yihiin. Sheekooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee Kanadiyaanka ahaa dalalka socdaal iyo saxinta. Tani waxay u bixisay mawduuc mawduuc oo waaweyn oo suugaanta Canadian taariikhiga ah: dabeecadda, nolosha xudduudaha, iyo booska Kanada ee caddaynta, kuwaas oo lagu xiray maskaxda garrison . Kobcinta suugaanta Kanadiyaanka waxay si qotodheer ugu xidhxidhan yihiin xaaladaha taariikheed iyo bulsho ee dalka, inta badan waxay muujinaysaa warbixinta iyo isbeddelada bulshada Kanada. Sida suugaanta Kanadiyaanka u sii gudubtay qarniyadii 20-aad iyo 21-aad, waxay wax ka qabanayaan maadooyin iyo mawduucyo kala duwan, sida haweenka, qaybaha LGBTQ, waayo-aragnimada soogalootiga, arrimaha, xiriirka dadka asaliga ah, iyo qiyamka Kanada iyo furo. Taageerada taageero ee hay'adaha dawliga ah, sida Golaha Fanka ee Kanada iyo muujinta deeqaha kala duwan ee gobolka, waxay fududaysaa abuurista, daabacadaha, iyo sawirada qorayaasha Kanada . Qorayaal badan oo Kanadiyaanka ah ayaa helay abaalmarinno suugaaneed caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan sheekooyinka Nobel ee suugaanta , buugaagta , iyo suugaan Pulitzer ee khayaaliga . Abaalmarinta suugaanta Kanada iyo abaalmarinnada waxaa ka mid ah Abaalmarinta Suugaanta Guud ee Guddoomiyaha , Abaalmarinta Giller , Abaalmarinta Gabayada Latner Griffin ee Trust , Abaalmarinta Burt ee Koowaad, Suugaanta Inuit iyo Métis iyo abaalmarinno suugaaneed loogu talagalay diyaarinta ===Muusiga=== [[File:O-Canada-1908.pdf|thumb|Daabacaaddii asalka ahayd ee " O Canada " oo Ingiriisi, 1908 (Faransiis, 1880) ]] Muusiga Kanada waxa uu ka tarjumayaa muuqaalo kala duwan oo heer gobol ah Kanada waxay samaysay kaabayaal muusiko oo aad u ballaadhan oo ay ku jiraan hoolalka kaniisadaha , hoolalka qolka , xarumaha ilaalinta akadeemiyada , xarumaha fanka , shirkadaha duubista , idaacadaha , iyo kanaalada muusiga ee telefishinka . Barnaamijyada taageerada dawladda, sida Sanduuqa Muusikada Kanada, waxay caawiyaan fannaaniin iyo ganacsato badan oo abuura, soo saara oo suuq geynaya muusikada Kanada ee asalka ah iyo kuwa kala duwan. Iyada oo ay sabab u tahay muhiimada dhaqameed, iyo sidoo kale hindisayaasha dawladda iyo xeerarka, warshadaha muusiga ee Kanada waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn adduunka, oo soo saara laxamiistayaal caalami ah oo caan ah fannaaniin , iyo isku xidh . Baahinta muusiga ee dalka waxaa maamula CRTC. Akademiyada Kanada ee Diiwaangelinta Farshaxanka iyo Sayniska waxay soo bandhigtaa abaalmarinnada warshadaha muusikada ee Kanada, Abaalmarinta Juno . Hall of Fame Music Canadian waxay sharfaan fannaaniinta Kanadiyaanka guulaha noloshooda. " God Save the King " waxaa laga isticmaali jiray Kanada ilaa dabayaaqadii 1700-meeyadii waana heesta boqortooyo ee dalka. Muusiga wadaniga ah ee Kanadiyaanka ayaa soo taxnaa in ka badan 200 sano, oo leh " The Bold Canadian ", oo la qoray 1812, caan ka ahaa qarnigii 19aad oo dhan. " The Maple Leaf Forever ", oo la qoray 1866, waxay ahayd mid caan ah oo u adeegay sidii heesta wadaniga ah ee aan rasmiga ahayn ee Ingiriisiga Kanada. " O Kanada ", oo asal ahaan ka kooban Faransiis 1880, sidoo kale waxay u adeegtay sidii heesta calanka aan rasmiga ahayn qarnigii 20aad waxaana loo qaatay heesta rasmiga ah ee dalka 1980 ===Warbaahinta=== [[File:CBC_Radio_Canada_Chevrolet_Express_02.jpg|thumb|Baabuurta dayax gacmeedka ee Hay'adda Warbaahinta Kanada (CBC), oo loo isticmaalo baahinta telefishinka tooska ah]] Warbaahinta Kanada waa madax-bannaan aan faafreeb lahayn , kala duwan , oo aad gobolaysan. Xeerka Baahinta waxa uu ku dhawaaqayaa "nidaamku waa inuu u akhriyo si loo ilaaliyo, tayeeyo, iyo dhaqanka, waxbarashada, bulshada, iyo dhaqaalaha Kanada". Kanada waxay leedahay qaybo warbaahineed oo si fiican u horumarsan, laakiin wax soo saarkeeda dhaqan - gaar ahaan filimada , bandhigyada telefishinka iyo joornaallada - badanaa waxaa hadheeyay alaabada laga keeno Maraykanka. Natiijo ahaan, ilaalinta dhaqanka Kanadiyaanka ah ee gaarka ah waxaa taageera shirkadaha, shirkadaha, hay'adaha sida Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), Guddiga Filimada Qaranka ee Kanada (NFB), iyo Canadian Radio-TV and Communication Commission (CRTC). Warbaahinta Kanada, daabac daabacadda iyo dhijitaalka ah , iyo labada luqadood ee muuqaal ah, waxaa inta badan gacanta ku haya " shirkad faro-ku-tiris ah ". Shirkadda ugu weyn ee shirkadaha waa warbaahinta guud ee qaranka ee Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, taas oo sidoo kale door weyn ka ciyaarta soo saarista alaabada dhaqanka guddaha, iyada oo ku ilaalin raadiyaha iyo shabakadaha TV-ga ee xorriyadda iyo France. Marka lagu daro CBC-da, qaar ka mid ah degmooyinka gobolka waxay ku deeqeen baahinta TV-ga waxbarasho sidoo kale, sida TVOntario iyo Télé-Québec . warbaahinta aan wararka ahayn ee kanada, oo ay ku jiraan filimada iyo qaybaha, waxaa laga sameeyey abuuraasha ah, sidoo kale kuwa laga keeno mareykaniga, England, Australia, iyo Faransiiska. Dadaal lagu dhimayo cadadka warbaahinta ajnabiga ah, faragelinta rabshada ee warbaahinta telefishinka waxaa ku jiri kara nidaaminta nuxurka iyo maal-gashiga . Sharciyada canshuuraha Kanada ayaa akhriyaya tartanka ajnabiga ah ee gaarka ah joornaalka ===Ciyaaraha=== [[File:Hockey_Hall_of_Fame_Statue_(9162222032).jpg|thumb|Farshaxanka ciyaarta ee Edie Parker oo ka baxsan Hoolka caanka ah ee Hockey ee Toronto]] Ciyaaraha qaranka kanada waa xegada barafka iyo lakrosse . Ciyaaraha kale eeleyda ah waxaa ka mid ah curling , basketball , baseball , soccer , iyo kubbadda cagta . Guulaha waaweyn ee ciyaaraha Kanada waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay "Halls of Fame" badan iyo madxafyo, sida Hall of Fame ee Kanada . Kanada waxa ay Maraykanka la wadaagtaa dhawr horyaal oo isborti oo waawayn. kooxaha Kanadiyaanka ee ku jira horyaalada oo ku jira todobo faransiis oo ka tirsan National Hockey League , , furka oo Kubadda Cagta ee Major League Soccer , iyo hal koox mid kasta oo ka mid ah Kubadda Koleyga ee Major League Baseball iyo Ururka Kubadda Koleyga Qaranka . Tartamada ciyaartoyda kale ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah kubada cagta Kanada , National Lacrosse League , kanada Kanada , iyo tartanka curling ee ay qabtaan Curling Canada . Kanadiyaanka waxay u aqoonsadeen xeego inay tahay cayaarta ay door bidayaan ee daawashada, waxaan ku xigay kubbadda cagta iyo kubbadda koleyga. Marka la eegu ka qaybgalka, dabaasha ayaa ahayd ciyaartii ugu badan ee la soo sheegay saddex-meelood meel (35 etejin) Kanadiyaanka 2023. Tani waxay si dhow ula socotay baaskiilka (33 roojin) iyo orodka (27 dhismaha). Caannimada ciyaaraha gaarka ah way kala duwan yihiin; guud ahaan, dadka Kanada ku dhashay waxay u badan tahay inay ka qaybqaataan ciyaaraha jiilaalka sida xeegada barafka (ciyaaraha kooxda da'yarta ee ugu), kaydka barafka , barafka iyo baraafka , marka la barbar dhigo, kuwaas oo u badan tahay inay ciyaaraan kubbadda cagta (ciyaaraha ugu ciyaartoyga dhalinyarada), ama kubbadda kolayga . Isboortiga sida golf-ka , kubbadda laliska , badminton , bowling-ka , iyo fanka dagaalka ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu bartay dhalinyarada iyo hiwaayadda. Kanada waxay ku guuldarreysatay guul Olombikada Jiilaalka iyo Olombikada Xagaaga -gaar ahaan Ciyaaraha Jiilaalka sida "wadamada ciyaaraha jiilaalka" - ciyaartoyda marti-qaadka dhaqanka isboorti oo heer sare ah oo caalami ah sida Olombikada Xagaaga 1976 , 1988 Olombikada Jiilaalka , 2010 Haweenka FIFA 2010 World Pan. Dalka ayaa loo wada wadajiray si uu u martigeliyo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 oo ay weheliyaan Mexico iyo Mareykanka. ==Xubin== *[[IMF]] *[[IADB]] *[[OECD]] *[[Midowga Yurub]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Kooxda Labaatanka]] *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] == Gobollada == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Gobollada !Aagga !Dadka |- |'''Kanada''' |'''9,093,507''' |'''35,151,728''' |- |[[Alberta]] |642,317 |4,067,175 |- |[[British Columbia]] |925,186 |4,648,055 |- |[[Manitoba]] |553,556 |1,278,365 |- |[[New Brunswick]] |71,450 |747,101 |- |[[Newfoundland and Labrador]] |373,872 |519,716 |- |[[Northwest Territories]] |1,183,085 |41,786 |- |[[Nova Scotia]] |53,338 |923,598 |- |[[Nunavut]] |1,936,113 |35,944 |- |[[Ontario]] |917,741 |13,448,494 |- |[[Prince Edward Island]] |5,660 |142,907 |- |[[Quebec]] |1,356,128 |8,164,361 |- |[[Saskatchewan]] |591,970 |1,098,352 |- |[[Yukon]] |474,391 |35,874 |} [[File:Google 2015 logo.svg|thumb|right|196px|Gold Coast]] ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[United Kingdom]] * [[United States]] * [[Australia]] ==Tixraac== [https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html "Heesta Boqortooyada"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html |date=20201206190257 }} [https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf "Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha 2025"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=aiUZMOypNB4C&pg=PA14 Magacaabidda Kanada: Sheekooyin ku saabsan Magacyada Goobta Kanada] [https://books.google.com/books?id=b9OLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT49 Da'da cusub ee Elizabethan: Dhaqanka, Bulshada iyo Aqoonsiga Qaranka kadib Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka] [https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/dv-vd/cpdv-vdpr/index-eng.cfm "Barnaamijka Tirakoobka Dashboardka Xogta Dashboard"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-9N6-6UCnoC&pg=PA43 Qoraalka Xiriirka: Bulshooyinka Deganayaasha Yurub iyo Hindida ee Xuduudaha Iroquoia, 1667-1783] [https://books.google.com/books?id=JVjZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 Dhirta, Dadka, iyo Goobaha: Doorarka Ethnobotany iyo Ethnoecology ee Xuquuqda Dhulka ee Dadka asaliga ah ee Kanada iyo Wixii ka dambeeya] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9Uae4mTTyYYC&pg=PA28 Xuquuqda Aasaaska iyo Heshiisyada Kanada: Qoraallada Sharciga, Sinnaanta, iyo Ixtiraamka Farqiga] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7gWQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 Dugsiyada Deganaanshaha Kanada: Taariikhda, Qaybta 1, Soo Bilaabantay 1939: Warbixinta Ugu Dambeysa ee Guddiga Runta iyo Dib-u-heshiisiinta ee Kanada, Cadadka] [https://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf "Horumarinta Runta, Dib-u-heshiisiinta Mustaqbalka: Kooban Warbixinta Ugu Dambeysa ee Guddiga Runta iyo Dib-u-heshiisiinta ee Kanada"] {{Wayback|url=https://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Executive_Summary_English_Web.pdf |date=20160706170855 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=hLoeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA258 Laga soo bilaabo Heshiisyada ilaa Kaydka: Dawladda Federaalka iyo Dadka Dhaladka ah ee ku nool Territorial Alberta, 1870-1905] [https://books.google.com/books?id=w2OeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 Dagaalkii Wayn ee Kanada, 1914–1918: Sida ay Kanada u caawisay Badbaadinta Boqortooyada Ingiriiska oo ay u noqotay Qaran Waqooyiga Ameerika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=JIuO9HmX_8QC&pg=PA112 Siyaasadda Luuqada: Khilaaf, Aqoonsi, iyo jamac dhaqameed marka la eego dhinaca isbarbardhigga: Khilaaf, Aqoonsi, iyo jamac dhaqameed marka la eego] [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/canada-residential-schools-unmarked-graves-indigenous-children-60-minutes-2023-02-12/ "Qabuuraha Kanada ee aan calaamadda lahayn: Sida dugsiyada la deggan yahay ay u fuliyeen "xasuuq dhaqameed" oo ka dhan ah carruurta asaliga ah"] [https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trump-trade-tariffs-timeline-1.7481280 "Trump wuxuu soo rogay tacriifooyin xaaqid ah. Halkan waxaa ah jadwalka sida aan halkan ku gaadhnay"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9g4Xd12rIGYC&pg=PT14 Haysashada jaakada cagajuglaynta: Kanada iyo Boqortooyada Mareykanka] [[doi:10.3390/socsci10120485|"Furitaanka Doorka Neoliberalism-ka ee Siyaasadda Siyaasadda Dhimista Saboolnimada ee Ontaariyo, Kanada: Daraasad Case oo Sharaxan iyo Falanqeyn Halis ah"]] [https://www.unhcr.ca/news/unhcr-calls-for-concerted-action-as-forced-displacement-hits-new-record-in-2022/ "UNHCR waxay ku baaqeysaa in tallaabo wadajir ah la qaado maadaama barakaca lagu qasbay uu gaaray rikoor cusub sanadka 2022"] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810035601 "Qowmiyad ama asal ahaan xagga jinsiga iyo da'da: Kanada, gobollada iyo dhulalka, goobaha tirakoobka ee magaalooyinka iyo tirakoobka tirakoobka oo leh qaybo"] [https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810032401 "Dadka laga tirada badan yahay iyo kooxda dadweynaha ee la arki karo heerka jiil: Kanada, gobollada iyo dhulalka, goobaha tirakoobka ee magaalooyinka iyo tirokoobka qaybo"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=l4XN6eyYqiUC The Economic Impact of the 2010 Vancouver, Canada, Winter Olympics on Oregon and the Pacific Northwest: hearing before the Subcommittee on Trade, Tourism, and Economic Development of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, August 5, 2005] [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada#cite_ref-451 Soo-dejinta Ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee Ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee Isticmaalka Koobka Adduunka Haweenka] [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/why-toronto-should-get-excited-about-the-pan-am-games/article19543736/ "Waa maxay sababta Toronto ay ugu faraxsan tahay Ciyaaraha Pan Am"] [https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44464913 "Koobka Adduunka 2026: Canada, US iyo Mexico waxay si wadajir ah ugu guuleysteen martigelinta tartanka"] * [https://brandirectory.com/rankings/canada/table] * [https://www.ranker.com/list/best-canadian-brands/ranker-shopping] * [https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/canadian-brand-top-40-ranking] {{Wayback|url=https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/canadian-brand-top-40-ranking |date=20220826013111 }} [[Category:Kanada]] {{Dalalka Yurub}} 0w5nrey155490a3thf9ujgtf080hkdr 0 4827 296818 296760 2026-04-29T00:41:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 296818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref>https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490</Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05".||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |09".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |16".=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<S'!>[[Yemen]]<s'!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |22".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23"_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25_.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s'!> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |26"_.||[[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|191px]]<S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |12".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |13".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |14".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.".||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|192px]]<S>[[Bangladesh]]<s'!> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19."'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |19.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |20."`.||[[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|193px]]<!>[[Yemen]]<!> ||69.98<REF name=p.189/>. |- |21.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|191px]]<S>[[Bakistaan]]<s'>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |22.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Marseilles]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2026 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|fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ir7uay6kupbct9zp4zpsxcge5pfla1f 0 33126 296817 230099 2026-04-29T00:13:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 296817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Disha Patani|image=Disha Patani snapped at the M.A.C Cosmetics event, 2019 (1).jpg|caption=Patani ee 2019|birth_date={{birth date and age|1992|06|13|df=y}} <ref name="republicWorld-1992">{{cite web|url=https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/disha-patanis-birthday-morning-has-a-dash-of-chocolate-sweetness.html|publisher=[[Republic World]]|access-date=2021-04-19|title=Disha Patani's Birthday Morning Has A Dash Of Chocolate Cake; See Pics}}</ref><ref name="TOI age dispute">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Is-Disha-Patani-lying-about-her-age/articleshow/53300643.cms|title=Is Disha Patani lying about her age?|website=[[The Times of India]]|agency=TNN|date=28 January 2017|access-date=9 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Mid-Day age dispute">{{cite news|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/is-tiger-shroffs-rumoured-girlfriend-disha-patani-faking-her-age/17445164|title=Is Tiger Shroff's rumoured girlfriend Disha Patani 'faking' her age?|website=[[Mid-Day]]|author=The Hitlist Team|date=19 July 2016|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-date=9 Bisha Shanaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509075650/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/is-tiger-shroffs-rumoured-girlfriend-disha-patani-faking-her-age/17445164|url-status=dead}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]|years_active=2015–hada|occupation=Atariisho}}'''Disha Patani''' (waxay dhalatay 13 Juun 1992) waa arariisho Hindi ah. == Nolosha shaqsiyeed == Patani waa Kumaoni oo ka soo jeeda Uttarakhand<ref>Republic World. [https://www.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/disha-patanis-brothers-birthday-wish-disha-patanis-family.html "Disha Patani Posts An Adorable Picture To Wish Her Brother On His Birthday"].</ref><ref>https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/baaghi-3-disha-patani-stuns-with-her-bold-moves-in-the-do-you-love-me-song-808347.html</ref> iyo Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, waa meeshii ay ku dhalatay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Iyer|first1=Sanyukta|title=Disha Patani: Tiger Shroff is a great role model|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/disha-patani-tiger-shroff-is-a-great-role-model/articleshow/64724939.cms|access-date=21 April 2021|work=Mumbai Mirror|date=25 June 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 January 2019|title=Disha Patani receives a heartfelt letter from her youngest fan from Bareilly|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-receives-a-heartfelt-letter-from-her-youngest-fan-from-bareilly/20283168|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Mid-Day|archive-date=3 Bisha Labaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203185738/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-receives-a-heartfelt-letter-from-her-youngest-fan-from-bareilly/20283168|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay ka soo jeedaa asal Rajput.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Madhureeta|date=28 January 2017|title=Disha Patani: The only time I'm not shy is when I'm facing the camera|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Disha-Patani-The-only-time-Im-not-shy-is-when-Im-facing-the-camera/articleshow/53569765.cms|access-date=6 August 2020|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Taariikhda dhalashadeeda ayaa si isdaba joog ah looga soo tabiyay warbaahinta, sida 13 Junn 1992 iyo 27 Luulyo 1995.<ref name="TOI age dispute" /><ref name="Mid-Day age dispute" /> Aabaheed, Jagadish Singh Patani waa sarkaal boolis hooyadeedna waa kormeere caafimaad. Walaasheeda ka weyn, Khushboo Patani waa sarreeye ka tirsan Ciidanka Hindiya.<ref>https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/photo-gallery-who-is-khushboo-patani-meet-disha-patani-beautiful-sister-who-works-for-indian-army-2874905</ref> Waxay kaloo leedahay walaal ka yar, Suryansh Patani.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tiwari|first1=Saumya|title=Exclusive: पुलिस अफसर पापा की जुबानी, बेटी दिशा पाटनी के स्टार बनने की कहानी|url=https://www.jansatta.com/entertainment/exclusive-disha-patani-father-jagdish-singh-patani-police-officer-know-how-he-made-daughter-a-bollywood-star/805067/|access-date=25 March 2020|work=Jansatta|date=13 June 2019|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Disha Patani Introduces Her Army Officer Sister Khushboo in Instagram Post|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/disha-patani-introduces-her-army-officer-sister-khushboo-in-instagram-post-2109265.html|access-date=25 March 2020|work=News18|date=19 April 2019}}</ref> Waxay baratay injineernimada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2018|title=Disha Patani opens up about her journey from a Bareilly girl to a successful actress|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-opens-up-about-her-journey-from-a-bareilly-girl-to-a-successful-actress/19555194|access-date=31 July 2020|website=Mid-Day|archive-date=26 Bisha Lixaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626134754/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/disha-patani-opens-up-about-her-journey-from-a-bareilly-girl-to-a-successful-actress/19555194|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay ku muujisay barnaamij raadiyaha in magaceeda dhabta ah uu ahaa Patni halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa Patani.<ref>https://m.suryaa.com/cinema-9724-.html</ref> Sanadkii 2020, Patani waxay ka mid ah dhowr atariisho oo Bollywood ah oo lagu dhaleeceeyay dhajinta farriimaha Instagram-ka oo muujinaya midnimada dhaqdhaqaaqa [[Nolosha Dadka Madow Waa Muhiim]] (''Black Lives Matter'') in kasta oo shaqadooda hore ay ku xayeysiinayaan alaabada iftiiminta maqaarka taas oo sii wadata midab-takoorka.<ref>[https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/life/bollywood-stars-called-out-double-standards-black-lives-matter/ "Bollywood Stars Called Out For Double Standards Over Black Lives Matter"]. ''Harper's Bazaar''.</ref><ref>[https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/peak-hypocrisy-bollywood-actors-protesting-racism-and-endorsing-fairness-creams-2655811.html "Peak Hypocrisy: Bollywood Actors Protesting Racism and Endorsing Fairness Creams"]. ''News18''.</ref> == Tixraacyo == domd3hvrhnhahpx7eh9vfx79xzxypp3 0 41275 296827 277422 2026-04-29T05:51:49Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Masaxay bogga 296827 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 296828 296827 2026-04-29T05:52:32Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub moved page [[Beesha Reer Muuse Gabiible Aaroow]] to [[Soomaaliweynta]]: Maka helin 296827 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 42553 296826 294426 2026-04-29T05:50:47Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 296826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Reer Geedoow<br> رير غيدو | image = | caption = | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = '''Geedoow Axmad''' | parent_tribe = [[Reer Shabeelle]] | branches = [[Caadiye]] Aaroow [[Watiin]] [[Beere]] [[Riikaay]] [[Cal]]i (Lixdaa oday ee kore, waxaa dhalay Geedoow Axmed). Balse, maanta [[Reer Geedoow]] waxa ay wax ku qeybsadaan, shan lafood oo kala ah: * [[Reer Caadiye]] * [[Reer Yaraaw]] * [[Reer Xumaan]] iyo [[Reer Buraaw]] (hal isku ah) * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Reer Magansade]] | population = 200,000 | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]] [[Sunni]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Af-Soomaali]],<br> lahjad ([[Af-Shabeelle]]) | type = [[Reer Geedoow]] – beel kamid ah [[Reer Shabeelle]] | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Ethiopia}}[[Itoobiya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}}[[Kenya]] }} [[Reer Geedoow]] waa beel katirsan [[Reer Shabeelle]], oo kunool [[gobolka Qallaafe]], guud ahaan [[dhulka]] [[Soomaaliweyn]] iyo qaar kamid ah wadamada [[geeska Afrika]]. == Taariikh == == Hogaanka == == Deegaanada == == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Qallaafe]] * [[Mustaxiil]] * [[Feerfeer]] [[Category:Qabiilo Soomaaliyeed]] [[Category:Taariikhda Soomaaliya]] == Xigashooyin == 8q4hkrl1evval3c19nrlrh3m9old0cj 0 42701 296825 293906 2026-04-29T05:40:04Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Masaxay bogga 296825 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 42704 296823 283801 2026-04-29T05:36:12Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Masaxay bogga 296823 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 44129 296824 290495 2026-04-29T05:38:01Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 296824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox tribe | name = Cabdulle<br> {{native_name|ar| عبدلي}} {{native_name|en|Abdulle}} | image = [[File:Astaanta Cabdulle.png|center|200px|Astaanta Cabdulle]] | caption = Astaanta Cabdulle | ethnicity = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaalida|Soomaali]] | descended = [[Cabdulle]] [[Abtoow]] '''Muuse''' | parent_tribe = [[Abtoow]] | branches = [[Subugle]] Cabdulle * Shiiqdoon * Docooy * Aw Raamey <br> [[Waceys]] Cabdulle * Cabuure * Hidoor * Yoonis <br> | population = | religion = [[File:Allah-green.svg|18px]] [[Islaam]] [[Sunni]] | language = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Af-Soomaali]], lahjada ([[Af-Shabeelle]]) | type = [[Cabdulle]] – farac katirsan [[Abtoow]] | location = {{flagicon|Somalia}}[[Soomaaliya]]<br> {{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Itoobiya]]<br> {{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Kiinya]]<br> | demonym = }} [[Cabdulle]] oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ('''Beesha Cabdulle''') ama si fudud ('''Reer Cabdulle'''), waa farac ka mid ah [[Abtoow]], oo ah jilib ka tirsan [[Reer Muuse]]. Oo ah beel-hoosaad ka tirsan beesha [[Reer Geedoow]], oo ah mid ka mid ah beelaha [[Reer Shabeelle]] ee dadka [[Soomaali]]da. [[File:Dhamme ka tirsan ciidanka xoogga dalka Soomaaliya.png|center|200px|thumb|Dhame ka tirsan ciidanka xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed. Gaar ahaan garyaqaanada maxkamada ciidamada qalabka sida. Dhame Yoonis Cabdullaahi Cumar Ciid. Xubin '''Cabdulle''' ah, oo '''Subugle''' ah]]. [[File:Gudoomiyihii hore ee waaxda Horseed, D. Waaberi ee G. Banaadir.png|center|200px|thumb|Gudoomiyihii hore ee Waaxda Horseed, D. Waaberi ee G. Banaadir. Marxuum Mahad Saalax Kunin A.U.N. Xubin '''Cabdulle''' ah, oo '''Waceys''' ah]]. == Taariikhda == '''Cabdulle''' waa dad [[Soomaali]]yeed oo galaangal iyo taariikh fac weyn ku leh [[gobolka Qallaafe]]. Qarnigii 18aad ayay hoggaanka u hayeen saldanooyin dhowr ah oo ka soo ifbaxay hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Xilligii dhexe ee qarnigii 18aad iyo 19aad, waxay caan ku ahaayeen hodantinimada dhanka [[beeraha]], xoolaha iyo ganacsiga gudaha [[gobolka Qallaafe]]. Waxay sidoo kale ahaayeen hormuudka dhaqaalaha iyo maamulka bulshada deegaankaas. Waxa ay aasaaseen tuulada qadiimiga ah ee [[Arjac]], taas oo noqotay xaruntooda ugu weyn, isla markaana ahayd meel lagu yaqaan diinta, cilmiga, barwaaqada iyo ganacsiga. == Nabaddoonada soo maray == 1. Nabadoon xaaji Cabdulle Dhiirsi Shiiqdoon Subugle Cabdulle. 2. Nabaddoon Cabdi Qaaris Aaroow Docooy Subugle Cabdulle. 3. Nabaddoon Maxamed Cabdi Qaaris Aaroow Docooy Subugle Cabdulle. 4. Nabaddoon Sharguul Nuurqeyr Xuseen Dhiirsi Shiiqdoon Subugle Cabdulle. 5. Nabaddoon Gacaloow Khaliif Cabdi Keenadiid Mareexaan Aw Aadan Dhiirsi Shiiqdoon Subugle Cabdulle (hadda xilka haya). Waa nabadoonka Cabdulle iyo guud ahaan beesha [[Reer Geedoow]] ee [[Itoobiya]]. 6. Nabaddoon Cabdullaahi Cumar Ciid Qaaris Aaroow Docooy Subugle Cabdulle. Waa nabadoonka ee Cabdulle iyo guud ahaan beesha [[Reer Geedoow]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] (hadda xilka haya). == Deegaanada == [[Cabdulle]] waxay ku badan yihiin [[gobolka Qallaafe]] iyo hareeraha [[Webiga Shabeelle]]. Deegaanada ugu waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Arjac]] — xarunta ugu weyn ee Reer Cabdulle * [[Kurtumaaleey]] * [[Buula Malis]] * [[Balada Aamin]] * [[Yaasiin Laawe]] * [[Dhuun-Gal]] * [[Isma Rabo]] * [[Maroodiley]] (Dabeyl-Yaaboow) * [[Dariiqo]] Sidoo kale waxa ay aad u deganyihiin gobolka [[Banaadir]], gaar ahaan degmada [[Waaberi]]. == Dhaqaalaha iyo nolosha == Dhaqaalaha ugu weyn ee [[Cabdulle]] wuxuu ka yimaadaa [[beeraha]] iyo ganacsiga. Waxay ku tiirsan yihiin [[Webiga Shabeelle]] oo ay ka helaan waraabka [[beeraha]] iyo nolosha maalinlaha ah. Sidoo kale, ganacsiga iyo xoolaha nool ayaa qayb weyn ka ah dhaqaalahooda. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Reer Shabeelle]] * [[Reer Geedoow]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * Reer [[Abtoow]] * [[Sheekhaar]] * [[Arjac]] == Xigashooyin == * Odiyaasha dhaqanka [[Cabdulle]] ee [[Qallaafe]]. * Taariikhyahannada [[Cabdulle]] ee [[Soomaaliya]]. * Wareysiyo lala yeeshay, xubnaha haya taariikhaha afka lagu kala qaato ee [[Cabdulle]] ee [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Soomaaliya]]. cxuwh65gjmrxww4yv47141t8i4zmrvn 0 44133 296820 288427 2026-04-29T05:34:28Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 296820 wikitext text/x-wiki == Taariikh == '''Reer Abtoow''' waa dad qadiimi ah oo ku nool [[gobolka Qallaafe]]. Waxay caan ku yihiin beeraha, xoolo-dhaqashada, ilaalinta dhaqanka iyo diinta [[Islaamka]]. Qarniyadii hore, Reer Abtoow waxay door muuqda ka ciyaareen horumarinta deegaanka, nabad ilaalinta iyo fidinta cilmiga, iyaga oo ka mid ahaa dadka ugu saameynta weyn deegaanka. == Deegaanada == Reer Abtoow waxa ay ku badanyihiin [[gobolka Qallaafe]] iyo hareeraha [[webiga Shabeelle]]. Tuulooyinka ugu caansan ee ay degaan, waxaa kamid ah: * [[Kurtumaaleey]] * [[Buula Malis]] * [[Balada Aamin]] * [[Yaasiin Laawe]] * [[Dhuun-Gal]] * [[Isma Rabo]] * [[Maroodiley]] (Dabeyl-Yaaboow) * [[Dariiqo]] * [[Arjac]] Oo dhammaantooda katirsan [[gobolka Qallaafe]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Reer Shabeelle]] * [[Reer Geedoow]] * [[Reer Muuse]] * [[Cabdulle]] * [[Arjac]] == Xigashooyin == * Odiyaasha dhaqanka Reer Abtoow. * Taariikhyahannada Reer Abtoow. * Wareysiyo (2023) lala yeeshay, xubnaha haya taariikhaha afka lagu kala qaato eer Reer Abtoow. mzfreemjujib13tcgc9fbzzvg7lrrg6 296821 296820 2026-04-29T05:34:50Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Masaxay bogga 296821 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 44150 296822 288376 2026-04-29T05:35:23Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Masaxay bogga 296822 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 47432 296813 296809 2026-04-28T16:16:39Z Cabdi1991 45021 Sixawle karanle waa qabiil somaliyeed 296813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Sixawle Karanle <br>سيحولي كرانلي | native_name = بنو كرانلي | image = [[File:Calanka karanle.jpg|thumb|center|Calanka Karanle]] | population = | region1 = {{flag|Somalia}} | region2 = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | region3 = {{flag|Kenya}} | languages = * {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Somalia}}Af-soomaali}} *{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Arab League}} Af-carabi}} | religions = Sunni Islam | related_groups = [[baad buraale]] [[murursade]] [[hawiye]] }} '''Sixawle''' ({{lang-ar|بنو سيحولي}}; {{lang-en|Sixawle}}) waa farac ka tirsan beesha '''[[Karanle]]''', oo iyaduna hoos timaada beel-weynta '''[[Hawiye]]''', mid ka mid ah lafaha ugu waaweyn ee bulshada [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa |year=2002 |publisher=Ohio University Press}}</ref> == Dulmar == Sixawle waxaa lagu tiriyaa faracyada Karanle, iyadoo xogta ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedkooda badanaa ku saleysan tahay dhaqanka iyo afka (oral tradition), maadaama ilo qoran oo gaar ah ay kooban yihiin. == Qaab-dhismeedka == Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka beesha, Sixawle waxay u kala baxaan: * '''[[Baad]]''' * '''Buraale (Sanbure)''' Laanta Baad waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mid ballaaran oo leh jilibyo badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin: * Ciye Baad * Shurbul Baad === [[Ciye Baad ]]=== Waxaa ka mid ah faracyo sida: * [[Wargube]] **Reer cabdi ***Reer cade boore **Reer xasan ** Reer Aadan *** Reer Nuur *** Reer Cabdi *** Reer Xasan ** Reer Roon *** Reer Fiqi muuse **** Reer Hiraab Fiqi **** Reer Yaxye Fiqi **** Reer Garaad (Caamir) **** Reer Sharmaake **** Reer Dhuubane **** Reer Xaabow Fiqi **** Reer Aw Nuur **** Reer Xuseen Fiqi **** Reer Maxamuud Fiqi **** Reer Jibriil Fiqi **** Reer Dhore Fiqi *** Reer Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan (Luuje) **** Reer Faatax **** Reer Bulaale * Faracyo kale === [[Shurbul Baad]] === * Talays ** Reer Faarax ** Reer Geedi ** Reer Cali ** Reer Cabdile Rooble * Iidfure ** Reer Cabdi ** Reer Xuseen ** Reer Alaale ** Reer Sore ** Reer Makaail === Buraale (Sanbure) === Waxaa ka mid ah: * Faarax Samatar * Xasan Faarax * Cabdille Faarax * Xaaji Faarax * Maxamuud Faarax == Asal iyo deegaan == Sixawle waxaa asal ahaan lagu xiraa dhulka Hawd iyo Ogaadeen somali abow bariga [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo sidoo kale laga helo qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Deegaannada lagu tilmaamo inay deegaan ku yihiin waxaa ka mid ah: [[File:Magalada dhandhame 20260421 161316 karanle.jpg|thumb|waa D/dhandhame ee Deegaanka somalida kililka shanaad sawir hore]] * [[Imi]] (Iimey) * [[Babille]] (Baabili) * [[Fafi]] (Faafi) * [[Dhan Dhame]] (Dhan-dhame) * [[Afder Zone|Afdheer]] {{Location map Ethiopia | width = 300 | float = right | label = Deegaannada Sixawle | lat = 5.0 | long = 42.5 | position = right | caption = Meelaha ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan Sixawle ee Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya }} == Dhaqan iyo dhaqaale == Dhaqanka bulshada Sixawle wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay xoolo-dhaqasho iyo beerasho, iyadoo dhaqaalaha ay umada somali kutiirsan tahay lagu tilmaamo xoolaha nuucyadiisa sida geel, lo’, iyo ari/ido.<ref>{{cite report |title=Somalia Human Development Report |year=2001 |publisher=UNDP}}</ref> == Nidaamka dhaqanka == Sida beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed, Sixawle waxay leeyihiin nidaam dhaqameed ku dhisan: * Xeer Soomaali * Hoggaan dhaqameed sida ugaasyo, garaadyo, iyo nabadoonno == Taariikh == === Xilligii hore === Ka hor gumeysiga, bulshada Soomaaliyeed waxay galeen dagaallo ku saabsan dhul, ceelal biyo, iyo xoolo, kuwaas oo badanaa lagu xallin jiray xeer dhaqameed aad u adag.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994}}</ref> === Xilligii gumeysiga === [[Qarnigii 19aad]] iyo 20aad, isbeddelada gumeysiga ayaa saameeyay noloshii reer guuraaga ee Geeska Afrika.waxaa isbadalay dhaqankii guurkii dharkii laga soo bilaabo min herer ilaa raaska ugu dabeeya ee kugu shubeysa bad weynta hindiya ee muqdisho isla markiiba waxaa la arkay umad magaalowday meelkastaa oo ay somali degto waxaa fududaaday isu socodka dadka Iyo war maqalkoodu intuba === Dagaalkii Ogaadeen ee somali Abow === Dagaalkii u dhexeeyay Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya (1977–1978) ayaa saameeyay deegaanada gobolka, waxaana ka dhashay barakac iyo khasaare dhaqaale meelaha uu sida weyn uga dhacay dagaalkaasi waxaa kamid ah jinicsani oo ah halka ugu dabeesa ee Afsomali lagaga hadlo sidaas daraadeedna dagaalkaas ku naaneesmay somali Abow markii dambana kaba aasaasantay jabhadii ugu horeysay ee kililka shanad magaceeduna ahaa jabhadii somali Abow.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tareke |first=Gebru |title=The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> === Dagaalladii sokeeye === Kadib burburkii dowladdii dhexe ee Soomaaliya 1991, waxaa dhacay isku dhacyo gudaha ah iyo loolan ku saabsan dhul iyo maamul bulshooyinkii ku abtirsanaayay reerkaanna dhankii koofureed uga baxeen itoobiya iyo kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Besteman |first1=Catherine |last2=Cassanelli |first2=Lee V. |title=The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia |year=2000 |publisher=Westview Press}}</ref> == Xaaladda casriga ah == Maanta, bulshadaan waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyin iyo baadiyo, waxayna ka qayb qaataan ganacsi, waxbarasho, iyo arrimaha bulshada. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Karanle]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanle English] * [[Hawiye]] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] * [[Hawiye]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawiye English] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis English] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Qabiilooyinka Soomaaliyeed]] [[Category:Hawiye]] [[Category:Qowmiyadaha ku nool Soomaaliya]] ndkfh99di90o1selz8wkq1b310vsr39 296814 296813 2026-04-28T16:21:38Z Cabdi1991 45021 Sixawle karanle waa qabiil somaliyeed 296814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Sixawle Karanle <br>سيحولي كرانلي | native_name = بنو كرانلي | image = [[File:Calanka karanle.jpg|thumb|center|Calanka Karanle]] | population = | region1 = {{flag|Somalia}} | region2 = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | region3 = {{flag|Kenya}} | languages = * {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Somalia}}Af-soomaali}} *{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Arab League}} Af-carabi}} | religions = Sunni Islam | related_groups = [[baad buraale]] [[murursade]] [[hawiye]] }} '''Sixawle''' ({{lang-ar|بنو سيحولي}}; {{lang-en|Sixawle}}) waa farac ka tirsan beesha '''[[Karanle]]''', oo iyaduna hoos timaada beel-weynta '''[[Hawiye]]''', mid ka mid ah lafaha ugu waaweyn ee bulshada [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa |year=2002 |publisher=Ohio University Press}}</ref> == Dulmar == Sixawle waxaa lagu tiriyaa faracyada Karanle, iyadoo xogta ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedkooda badanaa ku saleysan tahay dhaqanka iyo afka (oral tradition), maadaama ilo qoran oo gaar ah ay kooban yihiin. == Qaab-dhismeedka == Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka beesha, Sixawle waxay u kala baxaan: * '''[[Baad]]''' * '''Buraale (Sanbure)''' Laanta Baad waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mid ballaaran oo leh jilibyo badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin: * Ciye Baad * Shurbul Baad === [[Ciye Baad ]]=== Waxaa ka mid ah faracyo sida: * [[Wargube]] **Reer cabdi ***Reer cade boore **Reer xasan ** Reer Aadan *** Reer Nuur *** Reer Cabdi *** Reer Xasan ** Reer Roon *** Reer Fiqi muuse **** Reer Hiraab Fiqi **** Reer Yaxye Fiqi **** Reer Garaad (Caamir) **** Reer Sharmaake **** Reer Dhuubane **** Reer Xaabow Fiqi **** Reer Aw Nuur **** Reer Xuseen Fiqi **** Reer Maxamuud Fiqi **** Reer Jibriil Fiqi **** Reer Dhore Fiqi *** Reer Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan (Luuje) **** Reer Faatax **** Reer Bulaale * Faracyo kale === [[Shurbul Baad]] === * Talays ** Reer Faarax ** Reer Geedi ** Reer Cali ** Reer Cabdile Rooble * Iidfure ** Reer Cabdi ** Reer Xuseen ** Reer Alaale ** Reer Sore ** Reer Makaail === Buraale (Sanbure) === Waxaa ka mid ah: * Faarax Samatar * Xasan Faarax * Cabdille Faarax * Xaaji Faarax * Maxamuud Faarax == Asal iyo deegaan == Sixawle waxaa asal ahaan lagu xiraa dhulka Hawd iyo Ogaadeen somali abow bariga [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo sidoo kale laga helo qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Deegaannada lagu tilmaamo inay deegaan ku yihiin waxaa ka mid ah: [[File:Magalada dhandhame 20260421 161316 karanle.jpg|thumb|waa D/dhandhame ee Deegaanka somalida kililka shanaad sawir hore]] * [[Imi]] (Iimey) * [[Babille]] (Baabili) * [[Fafi]] (Faafi) * [[Dhan Dhame]] (Dhan-dhame) * [[Afder Zone|Afdheer]] {{Location map Ethiopia | width = 300 | float = right | label = Deegaannada Sixawle | lat = 5.0 | long = 42.5 | position = right | caption = Meelaha ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan Sixawle ee Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya }} == Dhaqan iyo dhaqaale == Dhaqanka bulshada Sixawle wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay xoolo-dhaqasho iyo beerasho, iyadoo dhaqaalaha ay umada somali kutiirsan tahay lagu tilmaamo xoolaha nuucyadiisa sida geel, lo’, iyo ari/ido.<ref>{{cite report |title=Somalia Human Development Report |year=2001 |publisher=UNDP}}</ref> == Nidaamka dhaqanka == Sida beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed, Sixawle waxay leeyihiin nidaam dhaqameed ku dhisan: * Xeer Soomaali * Hoggaan dhaqameed sida ugaasyo, garaadyo, iyo nabadoonno == Taariikh == === Xilligii hore === Ka hor gumeysiga, bulshada Soomaaliyeed waxay galeen dagaallo ku saabsan dhul, ceelal biyo, iyo xoolo, kuwaas oo badanaa lagu xallin jiray xeer dhaqameed aad u adag.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994}}</ref> === Xilligii gumeysiga === [[Qarnigii 19aad]] iyo 20aad, isbeddelada gumeysiga ayaa saameeyay noloshii reer guuraaga ee Geeska Afrika.waxaa isbadalay dhaqankii guurkii dharkii laga soo bilaabo min herer ilaa raaska ugu dabeeya ee kugu shubeysa bad weynta hindiya ee muqdisho isla markiiba waxaa la arkay umad magaalowday meelkastaa oo ay somali degto waxaa fududaaday isu socodka dadka Iyo war maqalkoodu intuba === Dagaalkii Ogaadeen ee somali Abow === Dagaalkii u dhexeeyay Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya (1977–1978) ayaa saameeyay deegaanada gobolka, waxaana ka dhashay barakac iyo khasaare dhaqaale meelaha uu sida weyn uga dhacay dagaalkaasi waxaa kamid ah jinicsani oo ah halka ugu dabeesa ee Afsomali lagaga hadlo sidaas daraadeedna dagaalkaas ku naaneesmay somali Abow markii dambana kaba aasaasantay jabhadii ugu horeysay ee kililka shanad magaceeduna ahaa jabhadii somali Abow.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tareke |first=Gebru |title=The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> === Dagaalladii sokeeye === Kadib burburkii dowladdii dhexe ee Soomaaliya 1991, waxaa dhacay isku dhacyo gudaha ah iyo loolan ku saabsan dhul iyo maamul bulshooyinkii ku abtirsanaayay reerkaanna dhankii koofureed uga baxeen itoobiya iyo kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Besteman |first1=Catherine |last2=Cassanelli |first2=Lee V. |title=The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia |year=2000 |publisher=Westview Press}}</ref> == Xaaladda casriga ah == Maanta, bulshadaan waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyin iyo baadiyo, waxayna ka qayb qaataan ganacsi, waxbarasho, iyo arrimaha bulshada. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Karanle]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanle English] * [[Hawiye]] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] * [[Hawiye]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawiye English] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis English] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hawiye]] [[Category:Dir]] [[Category:Daarod]] [[Category:Rahweyn]] 2kcyfw9r7wxfzxg5zuctdu6y86hdp6a 296815 296814 2026-04-28T16:28:17Z Cabdi1991 45021 Sixawle karanle waa qabiil somaliyeed 296815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Sixawle Karanle <br>سيحولي كرانلي | native_name = بنو كرانلي | image = [[File:Calanka karanle.jpg|thumb|center|Calanka Karanle]] | population = | region1 = {{flag|Somalia}} | region2 = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | region3 = {{flag|Kenya}} | languages = * {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Somalia}}Af-soomaali}} *{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Arab League}} Af-carabi}} | religions = Sunni Islam | related_groups = [[baad buraale]] [[murursade]] [[hawiye]] }} '''Sixawle''' ({{lang-ar|بنو سيحولي}}; {{lang-en|Sixawle}}) waa farac ka tirsan beesha '''[[Karanle]]''', oo iyaduna hoos timaada beel-weynta '''[[Hawiye]]''', mid ka mid ah lafaha ugu waaweyn ee bulshada [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa |year=2002 |publisher=Ohio University Press}}</ref> == Dulmar == Sixawle waxaa lagu tiriyaa faracyada Karanle, iyadoo xogta ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedkooda badanaa ku saleysan tahay dhaqanka iyo afka (oral tradition), maadaama ilo qoran oo gaar ah ay kooban yihiin. == Qaab-dhismeedka == Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka beesha, Sixawle waxay u kala baxaan: * '''[[Baad]]''' * '''Buraale (Sanbure)''' Laanta Baad waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mid ballaaran oo leh jilibyo badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin: * Ciye Baad * Shurbul Baad === [[Ciye Baad ]]=== Waxaa ka mid ah faracyo sida: * [[Wargube]] **Reer cabdi ***Reer cade boore **Reer xasan ** Reer Aadan *** Reer Nuur *** Reer Cabdi *** Reer Xasan ** Reer Roon *** Reer Fiqi muuse **** Reer Hiraab Fiqi **** Reer Yaxye Fiqi **** Reer Garaad (Caamir) **** Reer Sharmaake **** Reer Dhuubane **** Reer Xaabow Fiqi **** Reer Aw Nuur **** Reer Xuseen Fiqi **** Reer Maxamuud Fiqi **** Reer Jibriil Fiqi **** Reer Dhore Fiqi *** Reer Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan (Luuje) **** Reer Faatax **** Reer Bulaale * Faracyo kale === [[Shurbul Baad]] === * Talays ** Reer Faarax ** Reer Geedi ** Reer Cali ** Reer Cabdile Rooble * Iidfure ** Reer Cabdi ** Reer Xuseen ** Reer Alaale ** Reer Sore ** Reer Makaail === Buraale (Sanbure) === Waxaa ka mid ah: * Faarax Samatar * Xasan Faarax * Cabdille Faarax * Xaaji Faarax * Maxamuud Faarax == Asal iyo deegaan == Sixawle waxaa asal ahaan lagu xiraa dhulka Hawd iyo Ogaadeen somali abow bariga [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo sidoo kale laga helo qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Deegaannada lagu tilmaamo inay deegaan ku yihiin waxaa ka mid ah: [[File:Magalada dhandhame 20260421 161316 karanle.jpg|thumb|waa D/dhandhame ee Deegaanka somalida kililka shanaad sawir hore]] * [[Imi]] (Iimey) * [[Babille]] (Baabili) * [[Fafi]] (Faafi) * [[Dhan Dhame]] (Dhan-dhame) * [[Afder Zone|Afdheer]] {{Location map Ethiopia | width = 300 | float = right | label = Deegaannada Sixawle | lat = 5.0 | long = 42.5 | position = right | caption = Meelaha ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan Sixawle ee Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya }} == Dhaqan iyo dhaqaale == Dhaqanka bulshada Sixawle wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay xoolo-dhaqasho iyo beerasho, iyadoo dhaqaalaha ay umada somali kutiirsan tahay lagu tilmaamo xoolaha nuucyadiisa sida geel, lo’, iyo ari/ido.<ref>{{cite report |title=Somalia Human Development Report |year=2001 |publisher=UNDP}}</ref> == Nidaamka dhaqanka == Sida beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed, Sixawle waxay leeyihiin nidaam dhaqameed ku dhisan: * Xeer Soomaali * Hoggaan dhaqameed sida ugaasyo, garaadyo, iyo nabadoonno == Taariikh == === Xilligii hore === Ka hor gumeysiga, bulshada Soomaaliyeed waxay galeen dagaallo ku saabsan dhul, ceelal biyo, iyo xoolo, kuwaas oo badanaa lagu xallin jiray xeer dhaqameed aad u adag.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994}}</ref> === Xilligii gumeysiga === [[Qarnigii 19aad]] iyo 20aad, isbeddelada gumeysiga ayaa saameeyay noloshii reer guuraaga ee Geeska Afrika.waxaa isbadalay dhaqankii guurkii dharkii laga soo bilaabo min herer ilaa raaska ugu dabeeya ee kugu shubeysa bad weynta hindiya ee muqdisho isla markiiba waxaa la arkay umad magaalowday meelkastaa oo ay somali degto waxaa fududaaday isu socodka dadka Iyo war maqalkoodu intuba === Dagaalkii Ogaadeen ee somali Abow === Dagaalkii u dhexeeyay Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya (1977–1978) ayaa saameeyay deegaanada gobolka, waxaana ka dhashay barakac iyo khasaare dhaqaale meelaha uu sida weyn uga dhacay dagaalkaasi waxaa kamid ah jinicsani oo ah halka ugu dabeesa ee Afsomali lagaga hadlo sidaas daraadeedna dagaalkaas ku naaneesmay somali Abow markii dambana kaba aasaasantay jabhadii ugu horeysay ee kililka shanad magaceeduna ahaa jabhadii somali Abow.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tareke |first=Gebru |title=The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> === Dagaalladii sokeeye === Kadib burburkii dowladdii dhexe ee Soomaaliya 1991, waxaa dhacay isku dhacyo gudaha ah iyo loolan ku saabsan dhul iyo maamul bulshooyinkii ku abtirsanaayay reerkaanna dhankii koofureed uga baxeen itoobiya iyo kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Besteman |first1=Catherine |last2=Cassanelli |first2=Lee V. |title=The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia |year=2000 |publisher=Westview Press}}</ref> == Xaaladda casriga ah == Maanta, bulshadaan waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyin iyo baadiyo, waxayna ka qayb qaataan ganacsi, waxbarasho, iyo arrimaha bulshada. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Karanle]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanle English] * [[Hawiye]] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] * [[Hawiye]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawiye English] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis English] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hawiye]] [[Category:Dir]] [[Category:Daarood]] [[Category:Rahanweyn]] 01thp8ndxmnpmqtdejjgw0cwdjprivw 296816 296815 2026-04-28T16:33:36Z Cabdi1991 45021 Sixawle karanle waa qabiil somaliyeed 296816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Sixawle Karanle <br>سيحولي كرانلي | native_name = بنو كرانلي | image = [[File:Calanka karanle.jpg|thumb|center|Calanka Karanle]] | population = | region1 = {{flag|Somalia}} | region2 = {{flag|Ethiopia}} | region3 = {{flag|Kenya}} | languages = * {{nowrap|{{flagicon|Somalia}}Af-soomaali}} *{{nowrap|{{flagicon|Arab League}} Af-carabi}} | religions = Sunni Islam | related_groups = [[baad buraale]] [[murursade]] [[hawiye]] }} '''Sixawle''' ({{lang-ar|بنو سيحولي}}; {{lang-en|Sixawle}}) waa farac ka tirsan beesha '''[[Karanle]]''', oo iyaduna hoos timaada beel-weynta '''[[Hawiye]]''', mid ka mid ah lafaha ugu waaweyn ee bulshada [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa |year=2002 |publisher=Ohio University Press}}</ref> == Dulmar == Sixawle waxaa lagu tiriyaa faracyada Karanle, iyadoo xogta ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedkooda badanaa ku saleysan tahay dhaqanka iyo afka (oral tradition), maadaama ilo qoran oo gaar ah ay kooban yihiin. == Qaab-dhismeedka == Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka beesha, Sixawle waxay u kala baxaan: * '''[[Baad]]''' * '''Buraale (Sanbure)''' Laanta Baad waxaa lagu tilmaamaa mid ballaaran oo leh jilibyo badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin: * Ciye Baad * Shurbul Baad === [[Ciye Baad ]]=== Waxaa ka mid ah faracyo sida: * [[Wargube]] **Reer cabdi ***Reer cade boore **Reer xasan ** Reer Aadan *** Reer Nuur *** Reer Cabdi *** Reer Xasan ** Reer Roon *** Reer Fiqi muuse **** Reer Hiraab Fiqi **** Reer Yaxye Fiqi **** Reer Garaad (Caamir) **** Reer Sharmaake **** Reer Dhuubane **** Reer Xaabow Fiqi **** Reer Aw Nuur **** Reer Xuseen Fiqi **** Reer Maxamuud Fiqi **** Reer Jibriil Fiqi **** Reer Dhore Fiqi *** Reer Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan (Luuje) **** Reer Faatax **** Reer Bulaale * Faracyo kale === [[Shurbul Baad]] === * Talays ** Reer Faarax ** Reer Geedi ** Reer Cali ** Reer Cabdile Rooble * Iidfure ** Reer Cabdi ** Reer Xuseen ** Reer Alaale ** Reer Sore ** Reer Makaail === Buraale (Sanbure) === Waxaa ka mid ah: * Faarax Samatar * Xasan Faarax * Cabdille Faarax * Xaaji Faarax * Maxamuud Faarax == Asal iyo deegaan == Sixawle waxaa asal ahaan lagu xiraa dhulka Hawd iyo Ogaadeen somali abow bariga [[Itoobiya]], iyadoo sidoo kale laga helo qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta [[Soomaaliya]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Deegaannada lagu tilmaamo inay deegaan ku yihiin waxaa ka mid ah: [[File:Magalada dhandhame 20260421 161316 karanle.jpg|thumb|waa D/dhandhame ee Deegaanka somalida kililka shanaad sawir hore]] * Imi (Iimey) * Babille Baabili * Fafi Faafi * Dhan Dhame (Dhan-dhame) * Afder Zone|Afdheer {{Location map Ethiopia | width = 300 | float = right | label = Deegaannada Sixawle | lat = 5.0 | long = 42.5 | position = right | caption = Meelaha ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan Sixawle ee Deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya }} == Dhaqan iyo dhaqaale == Dhaqanka bulshada Sixawle wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay xoolo-dhaqasho iyo beerasho, iyadoo dhaqaalaha ay umada somali kutiirsan tahay lagu tilmaamo xoolaha nuucyadiisa sida geel, lo’, iyo ari/ido.<ref>{{cite report |title=Somalia Human Development Report |year=2001 |publisher=UNDP}}</ref> == Nidaamka dhaqanka == Sida beelaha kale ee Soomaaliyeed, Sixawle waxay leeyihiin nidaam dhaqameed ku dhisan: * Xeer Soomaali * Hoggaan dhaqameed sida ugaasyo, garaadyo, iyo nabadoonno == Taariikh == === Xilligii hore === Ka hor gumeysiga, bulshada Soomaaliyeed waxay galeen dagaallo ku saabsan dhul, ceelal biyo, iyo xoolo, kuwaas oo badanaa lagu xallin jiray xeer dhaqameed aad u adag.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lewis |first=I. M. |title=A Pastoral Democracy |year=1994}}</ref> === Xilligii gumeysiga === [[Qarnigii 19aad]] iyo 20aad, isbeddelada gumeysiga ayaa saameeyay noloshii reer guuraaga ee Geeska Afrika.waxaa isbadalay dhaqankii guurkii dharkii laga soo bilaabo min herer ilaa raaska ugu dabeeya ee kugu shubeysa bad weynta hindiya ee muqdisho isla markiiba waxaa la arkay umad magaalowday meelkastaa oo ay somali degto waxaa fududaaday isu socodka dadka Iyo war maqalkoodu intuba === Dagaalkii Ogaadeen ee somali Abow === Dagaalkii u dhexeeyay Soomaaliya iyo Itoobiya (1977–1978) ayaa saameeyay deegaanada gobolka, waxaana ka dhashay barakac iyo khasaare dhaqaale meelaha uu sida weyn uga dhacay dagaalkaasi waxaa kamid ah jinicsani oo ah halka ugu dabeesa ee Afsomali lagaga hadlo sidaas daraadeedna dagaalkaas ku naaneesmay somali Abow markii dambana kaba aasaasantay jabhadii ugu horeysay ee kililka shanad magaceeduna ahaa jabhadii somali Abow.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tareke |first=Gebru |title=The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |year=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref> === Dagaalladii sokeeye === Kadib burburkii dowladdii dhexe ee Soomaaliya 1991, waxaa dhacay isku dhacyo gudaha ah iyo loolan ku saabsan dhul iyo maamul bulshooyinkii ku abtirsanaayay reerkaanna dhankii koofureed uga baxeen itoobiya iyo kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Besteman |first1=Catherine |last2=Cassanelli |first2=Lee V. |title=The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia |year=2000 |publisher=Westview Press}}</ref> == Xaaladda casriga ah == Maanta, bulshadaan waxay ku nool yihiin magaalooyin iyo baadiyo, waxayna ka qayb qaataan ganacsi, waxbarasho, iyo arrimaha bulshada. == Eeg sidoo kale == * [[Karanle]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanle English] * [[Hawiye]] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] * [[Hawiye]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawiye English] * [[Dadka Soomaaliyeed]] — [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis English] == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Hawiye]] [[Category:Dir]] [[Category:Daarood]] [[Category:Rahanweyn]] chqdre2l8rcutmz1o4ebasn9z3ipzpb 0 47449 296829 2026-04-29T05:52:32Z Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub 42604 Cabdighanni Muuse Ayuub moved page [[Beesha Reer Muuse Gabiible Aaroow]] to [[Soomaaliweynta]]: Maka helin 296829 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Soomaaliweynta]] 8jaca10uwe1aaz59dwu3a4xot3bqc1y