Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4739 298820 297121 2026-06-19T04:35:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giinyada Dhulbareed''', ​​si rasmi ah '''Jamhuuriyadda Equatorial''' '''Guinea''' , waa waddan ku yaal xeebta galbeed ee Afrikada Dhexe . Waxay leedahay bed dhan 28,000 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (11,000 sq mi). Markii hore gumaystihii Guinia Isbaanishka , madax-bannaanideeda ka dib magaceeda waxaa loola jeedaa meesha ay ku taal meel u dhow Equator iyo gobolka [[Afrika]] ee Guinea . Laga soo bilaabo 2024 , waddanku wuxuu lahaa dad tiradoodu dhan tahay 1,795,834, in ka badan 85% kuwaas oo xubno ka ah dadka Fang , oo ah qowmiyadda ugu sareysa dalka. Dadka Bubi , asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Biyoko , waa kooxda labaad ee ugu badan qiyaastii 6.5% dadweynaha {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Giinyada Dhulbareed | common_name = Equatorial Guinea | native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|en|Republic of Equatorial Guinea}}|{{native name|ar|غينيا الاستوائية}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | national_motto = {{native name|so|Midnimo, Nabad, Cadaalad}}<br />"Midnimo, Nabad, Caddaalad" | national_anthem = {{native name|so|[[Aan ku soconno waddooyinka farxadeena baaxadda leh]]|nolink=yes}}<br />''Let Us Walk Treading the Paths of Our Immense Happiness''<br />{{center|[[File:Equatorial Guinea's national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]}} | image_map = GNQ orthographic.svg | map_caption = | capital = [[Malabo]] (''current'')<br /> {{Coord|3|45|N|8|47|E|type:city_region:GQ}}<br>[[Magaalada Nabadda]] (''oo la dhisayo''') | largest_city = [[Bata, Equatorial Guinea|Bata]] | official_languages = {{Plain list| * [[Isbaanish|Isbaanish]] * [[Faransiis|Faransiis]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/africa/equatorial-guinea/history-language-culture/|title=History, language and culture in Equatorial Guinea|access-date=13 September 2021|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913122636/https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/africa/equatorial-guinea/history-language-culture/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Bortaqiis|Bortaqiis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://appablog.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/equatorial-guinea-adds-portuguese-as-the-countrys-third-official-language/|title=Equatorial Guinea Adds Portuguese as the Country's Third Official Language|date=14 October 2011|access-date=26 September 2022|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926213007/https://appablog.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/equatorial-guinea-adds-portuguese-as-the-countrys-third-official-language/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | regional_languages = {{Collapsible list |framestyle=border:none; padding:0; |[[Luuqada fangka|fangka]] |[[Luuqada Buube|Buube]] |[[Kiriolka Annobon]] |[[Luuqada Kombe|Kombe]] |[[lluqadda Kwasio|Kwasio]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list| 85.7% [[lDad fang ah|Fangka]]| 6.5% [[Reer Bubi|Bubi]]| 3.6% [[Tirakoobka dadka Equatorial Guinea#Peoples considered as natives|Ndowe]]| 1.6% Annobon| 1.1% [[Kwasio people|Bujeba]]| 1.1% Kuwa kale}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2020<ref name=CIA>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea/ Equatorial Guinea] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea/ |date=20210109235259 }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235259/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea |date=9 January 2021 }}. Cia World Factbook.</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;|88.7% [[Christianity]]|5.0% [[Irreligious|no religion]]|4.0% [[Islam]]|1.7% [[African Traditional Religion|traditional faiths]]|0.6% [[Religion in Equatorial Guinea|other]]s}} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/equatorial-guinea#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All+Countries&restrictions_year=2016|title=Religions in Equatorial Guinea &#124; PEW-GRF|website=Global Religious Futures|access-date=19 April 2022|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409020658/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/equatorial-guinea#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All+Countries&restrictions_year=2016}}</ref> | demonym = {{unbulleted list|[[Tirakoobka dadka Equatorial Guinea|Equatoguinean]]|[[Tirakoobka dadka Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinean]]}} | government_type = Midaysan [[Jamhuuriyadda Madaxweyne|Jamhuuriyadda Madaxwayne]] ka amar-qaata [[Dynasty#Kalitalisnimo dhaxal gal ah|Kaligii talisnimo dhaxal gal ah]]<ref>{{Cite web|first=Paul|last=Melly|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57176712|title=Africa's political dynasties: How presidents groom their sons for power|date=2021-05-30|access-date=2025-04-20|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|title=Equatorial Guinea 2020 Human Rights Report|url=https://gq.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/194/EQUATORIAL-GUINEA-2020-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf|website=U.S. Embassy in Equatorial Guinea|access-date=8 August 2021|section=Section 3. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process|page=15|date=2020|archive-date=16 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716074830/https://gq.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/194/EQUATORIAL-GUINEA-2020-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Democracy Index 2020|url=https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2020/|access-date=17 December 2021|website=Economist Intelligence Unit|language=en-GB|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303040250/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Liiska Madaxweynayaasha Equatorial Guinea|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]] | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Equatorial Guinea|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]] | leader_name2 = [[Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue]] | leader_title3 = [[Liiska Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Equatorial Guinea|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name3 = [[Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua]] | leader_title4 = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name4 = Joaquín Asong Owono Mbang | legislature = [[Baarlamaanka Equatorial Guinea|Baarlamaanka]] | upper_house = [[Guurtida (Equatorial Guinea)|Guurtida]] | lower_house = [[Golaha Wakiilada (Equatorial Guinea)|Golaha wakiilada]] | sovereignty_type = Madaxbanaanida | sovereignty_note = ka [[Isbayn|Isbayn]] | established_event1 = Lagu dhawaaqay | established_date1 = 12 October 1968 | area_km2 = 28,050 | area_rank = 141st <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 10,830 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = dayacan | population_estimate = 1,795,834 <ref name="CIAWorldFactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Equatorial Guinea|access-date=2 September 2024|year=2024}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_estimate_rank = 154aad | population_density_km2 = 67 | population_density_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 147aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $33.001 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 149aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $20,017<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 92aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $12.680 billion<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 149aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $7,750<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 95aad | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.674 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR" /> | HDI_rank = 133aad | currency = [[Farankii Afrikada Dhexe ee CFA]] | currency_code = XAF | time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | calling_code = [[+240]] | cctld = [[.gq]] | footnote_a = Oo ay ku jiraan [[Equatoguinean Isbaanish]] ('Isbaanishka Equatorial Guinea). | today = }} Equatorial Guinea waxay ka kooban tahay laba qaybood. Gobolka dhul weynaha, Río Muni , waxaa xuduud la leh Cameroon dhanka waqooyi iyo Gabon ee koonfurta iyo bari. Waxay leedahay inta badan dadka waana meesha ay ku taal Bata , magaalada ugu weyn Equatorial Guinea, iyo Ciudad de la Paz , caasimadda mustaqbalka ee mustaqbalka ee dalka. Jasiiradaha yar yar ee Río Muni waxaa ka mid ah Corisco , Elobey Grande , iyo Elobey Chico . Gobolka insular wuxuu ka kooban yahay jasiiradaha Bioko (oo hore Fernando Po) ee Gacanka Guinea iyo Annobón . Jasiiradda Bioko waa qaybta waqooyi ee dalka Equatorial Guinea waana goobta ay ku taal caasimadda dalka ee Malabo . Jasiiradda São Tomé iyo Príncipe ee ku hadasha Boortaqiisku waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa Bioko iyo Annobón. Equatorial Guinea waxa ay xornimada ka qaadatay Spain 1968-kii, markaas oo uu maamuli jiray kaligii taliskii dhiigyacabka ahaa ee Madaxweyne Francisco Macías Nguema . Sannadkii 1972-kii ayuu ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay madaxweyne inta uu nool yahay , balse waxaa afgambi ku qabsaday 1979-kii wiil uu adeer u ahaa, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo , kaasoo tan iyo xilligaas ahaa madaxweynaha dalkaas. Taliskii Obiang waxa kale oo si weyn loogu sifeeyey kali talisnimo goobjoogayaal shisheeye. Tan iyo bartamihii 1990-meeyadii, Equatorial Guinea waxa ay noqotay mid ka mid ah dalalka Saxaraha ka hooseeya ee Afrika ugu badan ee soo saara saliidda. Kadib waxa ay noqotay dalka ugu qanisan Afrika qofkiiba; si kastaba ha ahaatee, hantida ayaa ah mid si aad ah loo qaybiyay, iyadoo dad yar ay ka faa'iideysanayaan hodantinimada saliidda. Wadanku wuxuu ku jiraa 133rd ee 2023 Tusmada Horumarinta Aadanaha , iyada oo in ka yar kala badh dadku ay helaan biyo nadiif ah oo la cabbo iyo 7.9% carruurta dhimanaysa ka hor intaanay shan sano gaarin. Maadaama Equatorial Guinea uu yahay gumeysi hore oo Isbaanish ah, Isbaanishku waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee ugu weyn. Faransiiska iyo (ilaa 2010 ) Bortuqiisku sidoo kale si rasmi ah ayaa loo dhigay. Waa dalka kaliya ee madax banaan ee Afrika halkaas oo Isbaanishku yahay luqad rasmi ah. Dawlada Equatorial Guinea waa kali talis iyo suldaane waxayna leedahay mid ka mid ah diiwaanada xuquuqul insaanka ee ugu xun aduunka , waxayna si joogta ah ugu jirtaa "kuwa ugu xun" sahan sanadeedka Freedom House ee xuquuqda siyaasadeed iyo madaniga . Saxafiyiinta aan xuduuda lahayn ayaa Obiang ku qiimeeyay mid ka mid ah "ugaadhayasha" xoriyada saxaafada. Ka ganacsiga dadka waa dhibaato weyn, iyadoo warbixinta ka ganacsiga dadka ee Mareykanka ay ku tilmaantay Equatorial Guinea inay tahay isha iyo dalka loo socdo shaqada qasabka ah iyo ka ganacsiga galmada. Dalku waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay , Midowga Afrika , Francophonie , OPEC , iyo CPLP ==Taariikhda== Doofaradu waxay u badan tahay inay mar ku noolaayeen gobolka qaarada ee hadda loo yaqaan Equatorial Guinea, laakiin maanta waxa laga helaa jeebab go'doonsan oo ku yaal koonfurta Río Muni. hijrada Bantu waxay u badan tahay inay bilaabmeen qiyaastii 2,000 BC oo ka yimid inta u dhaxaysa koonfur-bari Nigeria iyo waqooyi-galbeed Cameroon (Grassfields). Waa inay degeen qaaradaha Equatorial Guinea qiyaastii 500 BC ugu dambayn. Degsiimooyinka ugu horreeya ee Jasiiradda Bioko waxay ku taariikhaysan yihiin AD 530. Dadka Annobón , oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Angola , waxaa soo bandhigay Bortuqiisku iyagoo sii maraya jasiiradda Sao Tomé ===Xidhiidhkii ugu horeeyay ee Yurub iyo xeerka Boortaqiis (1472-1778)=== [[File:1729 West Africa map (Cameroon & Nigeria).jpg|thumb|Xukunka Portuguese-ka ee Equatorial Guinea wuxuu socday laga bilaabo imaatinka Fernão do Pó (Fernando Pó) 1472 ilaa 1778 Heshiiskii El Pardo]] Sahamiyaha Boortaqiiska ee Fernando Pó , oo raadinaya waddo Hindiya, ayaa loo tiriyaa inuu yahay Yurub ugu horeysay si uu u arko jasiiradda Bioko, 1472. Waxa uu ugu yeeray Formosa ("Quruxda"), laakiin si dhakhso ah ayay u qaadatay magaca sahankeeda Yurub. Fernando Pó iyo Annobón waxaa gumeystay Portugal 1474. Warshadihii ugu horreeyay waxaa laga dhisay jasiiradaha ku dhawaad ​​1500 iyadoo Bortuqiisku ay si degdeg ah u aqoonsadeen wanaagga jasiiradaha oo ay ku jiraan ciidda volcano iyo dhulalka sare ee u adkaysta cudurrada. Inkasta oo ay jiraan faa'iidooyin dabiici ah, dadaalladii ugu horreeyay ee Bortuqiisku 1507 si ay u abuuraan beero sonkor ah iyo magaalo u dhow waxa hadda loo yaqaan Concepción ee Fernando Pó ayaa ku guuldareystay Bubi cadaawad iyo qandho awgeed. ===Xukunkii hore ee Isbaanishka iyo kiraynta Ingiriiska (1778-1844)=== [[File:África Ecuatorial Española.svg|thumb|Kobcinta hantida Isbaanishka iyo sheegashooyinka Gacanka Guinea, 1778-1968 (Isbaanish)]] Sanadkii 1778, Boqorada Maria I ee Portugal iyo Boqor Charles III ee Spain waxay saxiixeen Heshiiskii El Pardo kaas oo ku wareejiyay Bioko , jasiiradaha ku xiga, iyo xuquuqda ganacsiga ee Bight of Biafra inta u dhaxaysa webiyada Niger iyo Ogoue ilaa Spain iyadoo lagu beddelayo meelo badan oo Koonfurta Ameerika ah oo hadda ah Galbeedka Brazil. Brigadier Felipe José, Count of Arjelejos ayaa si rasmi ah ula wareegay Bioko oo ka yimid Portugal 21kii Oktoobar 1778. Ka dib markii uu u dhoofay Annobón si uu u haysto, Count wuxuu u dhintay cudur uu qabtay Bioko iyo shaqaalihii qandho-xumada ayaa la gooyay. Shaqaalihii markabka waxay ku dageen São Tomé halkii ay ku xidheen maamulka Bortuqiisku ka dib markii ay 80% raggoodii ku waayeen xanuun. Natiijadii masiibadaas awgeed, Spain ayaa markaa ka walaacsanayd inay si weyn u maalgeliso hantideeda cusub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo dib u dhac ku yimid Isbaanishka ayaa bilaabay inay u isticmaalaan jasiiradda saldhig u ah ganacsiga addoonta ee dhul weynaha u dhow. Intii u dhaxaysay 1778 iyo 1810, dhulka waxa noqday Equatorial Guinea waxa maamulay ku xigeenka Río de la Plata , oo fadhigeedu ahaa Buenos Aires . Isaga oo aan doonayn in uu si weyn u maalgeliyo horumarinta Fernando Pó, laga bilaabo 1827 ilaa 1843, Isbaanishku waxa uu ka kiraystay saldhig ku yaal Malabo oo ku taal Bioko Boqortooyada Midowday ee Boqortooyada Midowday taas oo ay raadineysay qayb ka mid ah dadaalkeeda si loo xakameeyo ganacsiga addoonta ee transatlantic . Iyadoo aan la helin ogolaansho Isbaanish ah, Ingiriisku wuxuu u guuray xarunta dhexe ee Guddiga Isku-dhafka ah ee Xakamaynta Taraafikada Addoomaha Fernando Pó 1827, ka hor inta aan dib loogu celin Sierra Leone iyada oo la raacayo heshiis Spain 1843. Go'aanka Isbaanishka ee baabi'inta addoonsiga 1817 ee ku adkeysiga Ingiriiska ayaa waxyeello u geystay dakhliga gumeysiga iyo dakhliga la ogaaday in uu kasbaday qiimaha dakhliga hanti aan faa'iido lahayn. Heshiis ay Spain ku iibisay gumaysigeeda Afrikaanka ah ee Ingiriiska ayaa la joojiyay 1841 sababtoo ah ra'yiga dadweynaha ee magaalada iyo mucaaradka Isbaanishka. ===Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad (1844-1900)=== [[File:(1897) Golfo de Guinea.jpg|thumb|Khariidadda hantida Isbaanishka ee 1897, ka hor heshiiskii Paris (1900)]] Sannadkii 1844-kii, Ingiriisku wuxuu jasiiradda dib ugu soo celiyay gacanta Isbaanishka, aaggana waxaa loo yaqaan "Territorios Españoles del Golfo de Guinea". Sababo la xiriira cudurrada faafa, Spain wax badan ma gelin gumeysiga, iyo 1862, dillaaca qandhada jaalaha ah ayaa dilay qaar badan oo ka mid ah caddaanka oo degay jasiiradda. Iyadoo taasi jirto, beero beero ayaa sii waday in ay abuuraan muwaadiniin gaar ah ilaa nuskii dambe ee qarnigii 19-aad. Beeraha Fernando Pó waxaa inta badan maamuli jiray koox madow oo Creole ah , oo markii dambe loo yaqaan Fernandinos . Ingriisku waxa uu dejiyay ilaa 2,000 oo reer Sierraliyon ah, waxa uu halkaa ku sii daayay addoomo intii ay xukunka hayeen, waxaana sii socday tahriibka ka imanaya Galbeedka Afrika iyo Galbeedka Hindiya ka dib markii Ingiriisku ka baxay. Tiro ka mid ah addoommadii Angola ee la sii daayay, Bortuqiisku-Afrika crioles iyo muhaajiriin ka yimid Nigeria, iyo Liberia ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay in la dejiyo gumeysiga, halkaas oo ay si degdeg ah u bilaabeen inay ku biiraan kooxda cusub. Isku dhafka maxalliga ah waxaa lagu daray Cubans, Filibiin, Yuhuud iyo Isbaanish midabyo kala duwan leh, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah loo masaafuriyey Afrika dambiyo siyaasadeed ama kuwo kale, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah degayaasha oo ay taageerto dawladda. Sannadkii 1870-kii, saadaasha caddaanka ee ku noolaa jasiiradda ayaa aad loo hagaajiyay ka dib markii la soo jeediyay in ay ku nool yihiin buuraha sare, iyo 1884 in badan oo ka mid ah mishiinnada maamulka ugu yar iyo beeraha muhiimka ah waxay u guureen Basile boqolaal mitir oo ka sarreeya heerka badda. Henry Morton Stanley waxa uu Fernando Pó ku calaamadiyay "Jowhar aan Isbayn poliseyn" diidmada in la sameeyo siyaasad noocaas ah. Inkasta oo ay wanaajiyeen fursadaha badbaadada ee dadka reer Yurub ee ku nool jasiiradda, Mary Kingsley , oo ku sii jirtay jasiiradda, ayaa weli ku tilmaantay Fernando Pó "qaab aan raaxo lahayn oo dil ah" oo loogu talagalay Isbaanishka loo magacaabay halkaas. Waxa kale oo jiray qulqulka socdaalka ka imanayay jasiiradaha dariska ah ee Bortuqiisku, addoommadii baxsaday, iyo beeralayda mustaqbalka. Inkasta oo qaar ka mid ah Fernandinos ay ahaayeen kuwo Catholic iyo Isbaanish ku hadla, qiyaastii sagaal meelood meel ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen Protestant iyo Ingiriisi ku hadla habeenkii dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, iyo pidgin Ingiriisi wuxuu ahaa luqadda jasiiradda. Dadka reer Siiraliyoon ayaa si gaar ah loogu meeleeyay sidii beeralay iyadoo shaqaalaysiinta shaqaalaha ee xeebta Windward ay sii socotay. Fernandinos waxay noqdeen ganacsato iyo dhexdhexaadin u dhexeeya dadka u dhashay iyo Yurubiyaanka. Addoon xor ah oo ka soo jeeda Galbeedka Hindiya iyada oo loo marayo Sierra Leone oo lagu magacaabo William Pratt ayaa aasaasay dalagga kookaha ee Fernando Pó. ===Horraantii qarnigii 20aad (1900-1945)=== [[File:Eq_Guinea_1900_ES.PNG|thumb|Xuduudaha ka dib heshiiskii 1900 ee dhulkii noqon lahaa Isbaanishka Guinea , ilaa madax-bannaanida 1968]] Spain ma aysan qabsan dhul ballaaran oo ku yaalla Bight of Biafra oo ay xaq ugu lahayd heshiis , Faransiiskuna wuxuu balaadhiyey qabsashadiisa iyadoo kharashka ku baxaya dhulka ay Spain sheeganayso. Madrid kaliya waxay taageertay sahaminta ragga sida Manuel Iradier oo saxiixay heshiisyo gudaha ah ilaa Gabon iyo Cameroon, taasoo ka tagtay dhul badan oo ka baxsan "shaqsi wax ku ool ah" sida ay dalbadeen shuruudaha Shirkii Berlin 1885 . Taageerada ugu yar ee dawladeed ee ku darista dhul weynaha waxay ku timid natiijada ra'yiga dadweynaha iyo baahida shaqaale ee Fernando Pó. Heshiiskii Paris ee 1900kii wuxuu Spain uga tagay dhul-badeedka qaaradda ee Río Muni, kaliya 26,000 km 2 oo ka mid ah 300,000km 2 oo ku fidsan bari ilaa webiga Ubangi oo ay Isbaanishka markii hore sheegteen. Bahdilaadda wada xaajoodka Franco-Spanish, oo ay weheliso masiibada Cuba waxay keentay madaxa kooxda gorgortanka Isbaanishka, Pedro Gover y Tovar , oo is dilay isaga oo ku safraya guriga 21 Oktoobar 1901. Iradier qudhiisu wuxuu ku dhintay rajo-beel 1911; Tobannaan sano ka dib, dekedda Cogo waxaa loo beddelay Puerto Iradier sharaftiisa. Xeerarka dhulka ee la soo saaray 1904-1905 waxay doorbideen Isbaanishka, iyo badi beeralayda waaweyn ee dambe ayaa ka yimid Spain ka dib. Waxaa heshiis lala galay Liberia 1914 si loo soo dejiyo shaqaale jaban. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dawladda Liberia waxay soo afjartay heshiiska ka dib markii ay soo shaac baxday xaaladda shaqaalaha Liberian ee Fernando Pó ee Warbixinta Christy taas oo hoos u dhigtay madaxweynihii waddanka Charles DB King ee 1930. [[File:Corisco-Saliendo_de_misa-1910.jpg|thumb|Corisco 1910kii]] Dabayaaqadii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, Bubi waxaa laga ilaaliyay dalabaadka beeralayda adeegayaasha Isbaanishka Claretian , kuwaas oo aad u saameeyay gumeysiga ugu dambeyntiina waxay u abaabuleen Bubi kooxo yar oo hawlgallo ah oo xasuusinaya dhimista caanka ah ee Jesuit ee Paraguay . Galitaanka Katooliga waxa sii kordhiyey laba kacdoon oo yaryar sannadihii 1898 iyo 1910 iyaga oo ka mudaaharaadaya qoritaanka shaqada qasabka ah ee beeraha. Bubi ayaa hubka laga dhigay 1917, waxayna ka tageen iyagoo ku tiirsan adeegayaasha. Shaqala'aan aad u daran ayaa si ku meel gaar ah loo xaliyay qulqulka qaxootiga ee Jarmalka Kamerun , oo ay la socdaan kumanaan askar Jarmal ah oo caddaan ah oo joogay jasiiradda dhowr sano. Intii u dhaxaysay 1926 iyo 1959, Bioko iyo Río Muni waxay ku midoobeen gumaysigii Isbaanishka Guinea . Dhaqaaluhu waxa uu ku salaysnaa beero kacao iyo kafeega oo waaweyn iyo wax-is -goosad-jarida iyo shaqaaluhu waxay u badnaayeen shaqaale qandaraasle oo ka yimid Laybeeriya , Nigeria , iyo Cameroun . Intii u dhaxaysay 1914 iyo 1930 , qiyaastii 10,000 Liberian ah ayaa aaday Fernando Po iyada oo la raacayo heshiis shaqaale ah oo la joojiyay gebi ahaanba 1930 . Ololeyaal ayaa la qaaday si loo jabiyo dadka Fang sannadihii 1920-meeyadii, xilligaasi oo Laybeeriya ay billowday in ay dhimato shaqaalaysiinta. Waxaa jiray garisyo ka tirsan ilaalada gumeysiga oo dhan 1926-kii, gumeysiga oo dhanna waxaa loo tixgeliyey 'nabadiyay' 1929. [[File:Iberia-_vuelo_inaugural_a_Bata_(Guinea)_(1941)_(5811105541).jpg|thumb|Duulimaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Iberia oo ka yimid Madrid kuna socday Bata , 1941]] Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Isbaanishka ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeeshay gumeysiga. Koox ka kooban 150 caddaan ah oo Isbaanish ah, oo ay ku jiraan Guddoomiyaha Guud iyo Ku-Xigeenka Guud ee Río Muni, ayaa abuuray xisbi hantiwadaag ah oo lagu magacaabo Front Popular in the enclave kaas oo ka soo horjeeda danaha milkiilayaasha Fernando Pó. Markii dagaalku qarxay Francisco Franco wuxuu amar ku bixiyay ciidamada qaranka ee fadhigoodu yahay Canaries si ay u xaqiijiyaan xukunka Equatorial Guinea. Bishii Sebtembar 1936, ciidamada qaranka oo ay taageerayaan Falangists oo ka socda Fernando Pó ayaa la wareegay Río Muni, kaas oo hoos yimaada Guddoomiyaha Guud Luiz Sanchez Guerra Saez iyo ku xigeenkiisa Porcel ayaa taageeray dawladda Jamhuuriga. Bishii Nofembar, Jabhadda caanka ah iyo taageerayaasheeda waa la jebiyey waxaana Equatorial Guinea ay u xaqiijisay Franco. Taliyaha shaqada gacanta ku haya, Juan Fontan Lobé, waxaa loo magacaabay Guddoomiyaha Guud ee Franco wuxuuna bilaabay inuu si dheeraad ah u maamulo Isbaanishka gudaha gudaha. Río Muni wuxuu si rasmi ah u lahaa in ka yar 100,000 oo qof 1930-meeyadii; U baxsashada Cameroun ama Gabon way fududahay. Fernando Pó ayaa sidaas ku sii waday inay la ildaran tahay shaqo yaraan. Faransiisku wuxuu si kooban u oggolaaday shaqaaleysiinta Cameroun, isha ugu weyn ee shaqaduna waxay ahayd Igbo laga soo tahriibiyay doonyaha Calabar ee Nigeria . Qaraarkan ayaa horseeday in Fernando Pó uu noqdo mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu wax soo saarka badan Afrika ee wax soo saarka beeraha kadib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka . ===Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ee xukunka Isbaanishka (1945-1968)=== [[File:Naval_Infantry_in_Spanish_Guinea_1964.jpg|thumb|Guardia Civil and Marine Infantry ee Isbaanishka Guinea 1964kii]] [[File:Fraga_na_sinatura_da_independencia_de_Guinea_Ecuatorial.jpg|thumb|Saxiixa madax-banaanida Equatorial Guinea ee wasiirka Isbaanishka Manuel Fraga oo uu weheliyo madaxweynaha cusub ee Equatorial Guinea Macías Nguema 12 Oktoobar 1968]] Siyaasad ahaan, taariikhda gumeysiga ka dib waxay leedahay saddex weji oo si cadaalad ah u kala duwan: ilaa 1959, markii maqaamkeeda laga soo kiciyey "gumeysi" ilaa "gobol", iyadoo la raacayo habka Boqortooyada Boortaqiiska ; intii u dhaxaysay 1960 iyo 1968, markii Madrid ay isku dayday in qayb ka mid ah gumaystaha laga saaro oo looga golleeyahay in lagu ilaaliyo dhulka qayb ka mid ah nidaamka Isbaanishka; iyo laga bilaabo 1968-kii, ka dib markii uu dhulku noqday Jamhuuriyad madaxbannaan . Wajigii kowaad waxa uu ka koobnaa in yar oo aan ahayn sii socoshada siyaasadihii hore; kuwanu waxay si dhow u shabahaan siyaasadaha Portugal iyo France, gaar ahaan in loo qaybiyo dadka loo qaybiyo aqlabiyad aad u badan oo lagu xukumo 'dadka u dhashay' ama aan muwaadiniinta ahayn, iyo tiro aad u yar (oo ay weheliyaan caddaanka) waxay qirteen heerka madaniga ah sida emancipados , oo la mid ah dhaqanka magaalada oo ah habka kaliya ee la ogol yahay ee horumarinta. Marxaladdan "gobolka" waxay aragtay bilawga qarannimada , laakiin waxay u badan tahay kooxo yaryar oo ka magan-galay gacantii aabbaha ee Caudillo ee Cameroun iyo Gabon. Waxay samaysteen laba jidh: Movimiento Nacional de Liberación de la Guinea (MONALIGE), iyo Idea Popular de Guinea Ecuatorial (IPGE). Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, qaarada Afrika inteeda badan ayaa la siiyay xornimo. Isbaanishka oo og isbedelkan, ayaa bilaabay inuu kordhiyo dadaalka loogu diyaargaroobayo dalka madax-bannaanida. Wax -soo-saarka guud ee qaranka qofkiiba 1965kii wuxuu ahaa $466, taasoo ahayd tan ugu sarreysa Afrikada madow; Isbaanishku waxay garoon diyaaradeed caalami ah ka dhisteen Santa Isabel, xarun talefishin waxayna kordhiyeen heerka wax-akhrisnimada ilaa 89%. Sannadkii 1967-kii, tirada sariiraha cusbitaalka qofkiiba ee Equatorial Guinea ayaa ka sarreeyay Spain lafteeda, iyadoo 1637 sariirood ay ku yaalleen 16 isbitaal. Dhammaadkii taliskii gumeysiga, tirada Afrikaanka ee tacliinta sare waxay ahayd laba lambar oo keliya. Go'aan 9 Agoosto 1963, oo lagu ansixiyay afti 15 December 1963, ayaa siisay dhulka cabbirka madaxbannaanida iyo horumarinta maamulka koox 'dhexdhexaad' ah, Movimiento de Unión Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial (MUNGE). Tani waxay ahayd mid aan lagu guulaysan, iyo, iyada oo cadaadiska sii kordhaya ee isbeddelka ee UN-ka, Madrid ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu qasbay inay u oggolaato socodka qarannimada. Laba go'aan oo Golaha Guud ah ayaa la soo saaray 1965-kii oo lagu amrayay Spain inay madaxbannaanida siiso gumeysiga, 1966-kii, guddi Qaramada Midoobay ah ayaa socdaal ku tagay dalka ka hor intaysan ku talin wax la mid ah. Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya, Isbaanishku wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inay qabanayaan shir dastuuri ah 27 Oktoobar 1967 si ay uga wada xaajoodaan dastuur cusub oo loo sameeyo Equatorial Guinea oo madax-bannaan. Shirkan waxaa ka soo qayb galay 41 ergo oo maxali ah iyo 25 Isbaanish ah. Dadka Afrikaanka ah waxa ay u kala qaybsameen Fernandinos iyo Bubi oo dhinac ah, kuwaas oo ka baqay inay lumiyaan mudnaanta iyo 'daaqsanaanta' aqlabiyadda Fang, iyo waddaniyiinta Río Muni Fang dhinaca kale. Shirka, hogaamiyaha Fang, madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay Francisco Macías Nguema , ayaa jeediyay khudbad muran badan dhalisay oo uu ku sheegay in Adolf Hitler uu "badbaadiyay Afrika". Sagaal fadhi ka dib, shirku waa la hakiyay sababtoo ah ismari waa u dhexeeya "ururiyiinta" iyo " gooni-goosadka " kuwaas oo doonayay Fernando Pó gooni ah. Macías wuxuu go'aansaday inuu u safro Qaramada Midoobay si uu u xoojiyo wacyiga caalamiga ah ee arrinta, iyo khudbadihiisii ​​​​hore ee New York waxay gacan ka geysteen in Spain ay magacawdo taariikhda madaxbannaanida iyo doorashooyinka guud. Bishii Luulyo 1968-kii ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan hoggaamiyeyaasha Bubi waxay aadeen UN-ta New York si ay isugu dayaan oo ay kor ugu qaadaan wacyiga qaddiyaddooda, laakiin bulshada adduunku ma xiisaynaynin inay ka dhiidhiyaan waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee madaxbannaanida gumeysiga. 1960-meeyadii waxa ay ahaayeen xilli rajo weyn laga qabay mustaqbalka dalalkii Afrikaanka ahaa ee gumeysan jiray, kooxihii ka ag dhawaa madaxda Yurub, sida Bubi, si wanaagsan looma eegin. ===Madax-bannaanidii Macías (1968-1979)=== [[File:Don_Francisco_Macias.jpg|thumb|Francisco Macías Nguema , Madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee Equatorial Guinea 1968-dii, waxa uu noqday kaligii taliye ilaa uu afgambi ku qabsaday 1979-kii.]] Xornimada Spain waxay qaadatay 12 Oktoobar 1968, duhurnimadii caasimadda Malabo. Dalka cusub wuxuu noqday Jamhuuriyadda Equatorial Guinea (taariikhda waxaa loo dabaaldegaa maalinta madax-bannaanida dalka Macías waxa uu madaxweyne ka noqday doorashada kaliya ee xor iyo xalaal ah ee dalka ka dhacday ilaa maanta . Isbaanishka (oo uu xukumo Franco ) ayaa taageeray Macías doorashada; Ololihiisa intiisa badan waxa uu ku lug lahaa booqasho uu ku tagay dhulka miyiga ah ee Río Muni oo uu u ballan qaaday in ay heli doonaan guryaha iyo xaasaska Isbaanishka haddii ay isaga u codeeyaan. Waxa uu ku guuleystay wareegii labaad ee codbixinta. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye ee Nigeria , Fernando Pó waxaa ku noolaa shaqaale badan oo Biafra-taageeraya Ibo muhaajiriin ah, qaxooti badan oo ka yimid gobolka go'ay ayaa u qaxay jasiiradda. Guddiga Caalamiga ah ee Laanqeyrta Cas ayaa bilaabay in ay duulimaadyo gargaar ah ka wadaan Equatorial Guinea, laakiin Macías ayaa si deg deg ah u xiray duulimaadyadii, isaga oo diiday in ay u duuliyaan shidaalka naaftada ee baabuurtooda ama taangiyada Ogsajiinta ee hawlaha caafimaadka. Gooni-goosadka Biafra waxay gaajo u gaajoonayeen inay is dhiibaan iyaga oo aan taageero caalami ah helin. Ka dib markii uu Xeer Ilaaliyaha Guud ka cawday " xad-dhaaf ah iyo si xun ula dhaqanka" saraakiisha dawladda, Macías wuxuu lahaa 150 eedaysanayaal afgambi oo lagu toogtay habeenkii Christmas Eve 1969, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ahaa mucaarad siyaasadeed. Macias Nguema waxa uu sii xoojiyay awoodihiisa wadarta ah isaga oo mamnuucay xisbiyo siyaasadeed oo mucaarad ah July 1970 isaga oo naftiisa ka dhigay madaxwaynihii nolosha 1972. Waxa uu xidhiidhka u jaray Spain iyo Galbeedka. In kasta oo uu dhaleeceeyay Marxism , oo uu u arkayay " gumaysi cusub ", Equatorial Guinea waxa ay xidhiidh gaar ah la lahayd dawladaha shuuciga ah , gaar ahaan Shiinaha, Cuba, Jarmalka Bari iyo USSR . Macias Nguema waxa uu la saxeexday heshiis ganacsi oo door bideeya iyo heshiiska maraakiibta ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Soofiyeedka ayaa sidoo kale amaah ku siiyay Equatorial Guinea. Heshiiska maraakiibta ayaa siiyay Soofiyeedka ogolaanshaha mashruuca horumarinta kalluumeysiga ee tijaabada ah iyo sidoo kale saldhigga ciidamada badda ee Luba . Taa baddalkeeda, USSR waxay ahayd inay kalluun siiso Equatorial Guinea. Shiinaha iyo Kuuba waxay sidoo kale siiyeen noocyo kala duwan oo ah dhaqaale, ciidan, iyo kaalmo farsamo Equatorial Guinea, taas oo ka heshay cabbirka saamaynta halkaas. USSR, waxaa jirtay faa'iido ah in laga helo dagaalka Angola laga bilaabo marinka saldhigga Luba iyo markii dambe ee garoonka caalamiga ah ee Malabo . Sannadkii 1974-kii, Golaha Kaniisadaha Adduunka waxay caddeeyeen in dad aad u tiro badan lagu dilay tan iyo 1968-kii xukun argagaxiso oo socda . Rubuc ka mid ah dadka oo dhan ayaa u qaxay dalka dibadiisa, ayay yiraahdeen, halka "xabsiyada ay buux dhaafiyeen, si walbana ay u sameeyeen hal xero oo dadka lagu ciqaabo". Dadka 300,000 ka mid ah, waxaa lagu qiyaasay 80,000 oo la dilay. Marka laga reebo in lagu eedeeyay xasuuq ka dhan ah qowmiyadaha laga tirada badan yahay ee Bubi , Macias Nguema wuxuu amar ku bixiyay dhimashada kumanaan qof oo looga shakisan yahay inay ka soo horjeedaan, la xiray kaniisadaha wuxuuna madax ka ahaa burburka dhaqaalaha iyada oo muwaadiniin xirfad leh iyo ajaanib ay ka carareen dalka. ===Obiang (1979- hadda)=== [[File:Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo_with_Obamas_2014.jpg|thumb|Obiang iyo madaxweynaha Maraykanka Obama iyo xaasaskooda 2014kii]] Wiil uu adeer u yahay Macías Nguema, Teodoro Obiang ayaa adeerkii ka saaray 3 Agoosto 1979, afgambi dhiig badan ku daatay ; in ka badan laba toddobaad oo dagaal sokeeye ayaa socday ilaa Macías Nguema la qabsaday. Waxa la isku dayay oo la toogtay wax yar ka dib, iyada oo Obiang uu ku guuleystay isaga oo ah dhiig yar, laakiin weli madax-weyne awood leh. Sannadkii 1995-kii, shirkadda Mobil , oo ah shirkad shidaal oo Maraykan ah, ayaa shidaal ka heshay Equatorial Guinea. Intaa ka dib wadanku waxa uu soo maray horumar dhaqaale oo xawli ah, laakiin dakhliga ka soo gala hantida shidaalka ee dalka ma gaadhin dadka, dalkuna waxa uu ku hooseeyaa heerka qaramada midoobay ee horumarka bini’aadanka. 7.9% carruurtu waxay dhintaan ka hor da'da 5 sano jir, in ka badan 50% dadku ma helaan biyo nadiif ah oo ay cabbaan . Obiang ayaa si weyn loogu tuhunsan yahay inuu u isticmaalo hantida saliidda ee dalka si uu naftiisa [ 59 ] iyo saaxiibadiisa ugu taajiro. Sannadkii 2006, Forbes waxay ku qiyaastay hantidiisa gaarka ah $600 milyan. Sannadkii 2011, dawladdu waxay ku dhawaaqday inay qorshaynayso caasimad cusub oo uu dalku yeesho, oo lagu magacaabo Oyala . Magaalada waxaa loo bixiyay Ciudad de la Paz ("Magaalada Nabadda") 2017. Laga bilaabo Febraayo 2016 , Obiang wuxuu ahaa kaligii taliye labaad ee ugu muddada dheer Afrika. Equatorial Guinea waxaa loo doortay xubin aan joogto ahayn oo ka tirsan Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay 2018-2019. 7-dii Maarso 2021, waxaa jiray qaraxyo rasaas ah oo ka dhacay saldhig ciidan oo u dhow magaalada Bata , oo sababay dhimashada 107. Bishii Nofembar 2022, Obiang ayaa dib loo doortay doorashadii guud ee Equatorial Guinea ee 2022 isagoo helay 99.7% codadka iyada oo lagu eedeeyay musuqmaasuqa mucaaradka. 2024 waxaa la daabacay in calooshood u shaqeystayaal ka socda Kooxda Wagner (oo hadda loo yaqaan "Africa Corps") ay galeen Equatorial Guinea codsi ka yimid Teodoro Obiang . Marka loo eego kuwa ka soo horjeeda, ujeeddada calooshood u shaqeystayaasha waxay ahayd inay gacan ka geystaan ​​xoojinta isku xigxiga mala awaalka ah ee awoodda Obiang ee wiilkiisa " Teodorín ". Maajo 19, 2025 Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Caddaaladda (ICJ) waxay siisay Equatorial Guinea madaxbannaanida Jasiiradda Mbanie , Jasiiradda Cocoteros, iyo Jasiiradda Conga iyadoo ka jawaabaysa sheegashada dhuleed ee deriska la ah Gabon ay samaynaysay tan iyo 1972. ==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda== [[File:Autobahnbau_in_Oyala.JPG|thumb|Dhismaha Jidka Ciudad de la Paz ee 2010. Ciudad de la Paz waxay noqon doontaa caasimadda mustaqbalka ee Equatorial Guinea.]] [[File:Presidential_palace_in_malabo_equatorial_guinea.png|thumb|Madaxtooyada Teodoro Obiang ee Malabo]] Madaxweynaha hadda ee Equatorial Guinea waa Teodoro Obiang. Dastuurkii 1982-kii ee Equatorial Guinea waxa uu siiyay awoodo ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan magacaabista iyo xil ka qaadista xubnaha golaha wasiirada, sameynta sharciyo digreeto, kala diris Golaha Wakiilada, gorgortanka iyo ansixinta heshiisyada iyo inuu noqdo taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida. Dastuurku waxa uu qaranka ku qeexay in ay tahay dawlad midaysan. Sida laga soo xigtay Human Rights Watch , kaligii taliska ee Madaxweyne Obiang wuxuu u adeegsaday kobcinta saliidda si uu u sii taajiro oo uu naftiisa ugu hodmo kharashaadka dadka dalka. Laga soo bilaabo Agoosto 1979, qaar ka mid ah 12 ayaa la dareemay isku dayo afgambi oo aan guulaysan. Sida laga soo xigtay bogga BBC-da ee March 2004, siyaasadda dalka waxaa u badan xiisado kala dhexeeya wiilka Obiang, Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue [[File:Equatorial_Guinea_Map.png|thumb|Khariidadda Equatorial Guinea oo ay samaysay CIA- du 1992kii]] Sannadkii 2004-tii, diyaarad siday calooshood-u-shaqaystayaal ayaa lagu qabtay Zimbabwe xilli lagu eedeeyay inay u socdeen inay afgambiyaan Obiang. Warbixin November 2004 lagu magacaabay Mark Thatcher oo ah taageere dhaqaale isku daygii afgambi ee Equatorial Guinea 2004 ee uu abaabulay Simon Mann . Akoonno kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale lagu magacaabay MI6 ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska , CIA-da Mareykanka , iyo Spain inay yihiin taageerayaasha afgambiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, warbixinta Amnesty International ee la sii daayay Juun 2005 ee ku saabsan maxkamadaynta kuwa lagu eedeeyay in ay ku lug lahaayeen ayaa iftiimisay in xeer ilaalintu ku guuldareysatay in ay soo saarto caddayn dhamaystiran oo ah in iskuday afgambi uu dhab ahaantii dhacay. Simon Mann ayaa laga sii daayay xabsiga 3 Noofambar 2009 sababo bini'aadantinimo. Tan iyo 2005, Military Professional Resources Inc. , oo ah shirkad caalami ah oo gaar loo leeyahay oo fadhigeedu yahay Maraykanka , ayaa ka shaqaynaysay Equatorial Guinea si ay u tababarto ciidamada booliska dhaqamada ku haboon ee xuquuqul insaanka. Sannadkii 2006dii, Xoghayaha Arrimaha Dibedda ee Maraykanka Condoleezza Rice ayaa ku ammaantay Obiang inuu yahay "saaxiib wanaagsan" inkastoo si isdaba joog ah loo dhaleeceeyay diiwaankiisa xuquuqul insaanka iyo xorriyadda madaniga ah. Wakaaladda Horumarinta Caalamiga ah ee Maraykanku waxay heshiis is-afgarad ah (MOU) la gashay Obiang bishii Abriil 2006 si loo sameeyo sanduuqa horumarinta bulshada ee dalka, iyada oo fulinaysa mashaariicda dhinacyada caafimaadka, waxbarashada, arrimaha haweenka iyo deegaanka. Sannadkii 2006dii, Obiang waxa uu saxeexay go’aan ka dhan ah jidh-dilka oo mamnuucaya dhammaan noocyada xadgudubyada iyo daawaynta aan habboonayn ee Equatorial Guinea, waxaanu u wakiishay cusboonaysiinta iyo casriyaynta xabsiga Black Beach sannadkii 2007 si loo hubiyo in si bini'aadannimo ah loola dhaqmo maxaabiista Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xadgudubyada xuquuqul insaanka ayaa sii socday. Human Rights Watch iyo Amnesty International oo ka mid ah ururada kale ee aan dowliga ahayn ayaa diiwaangeliyay xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee ka dhaca xabsiyada, oo ay ku jiraan jirdil, garaacis, dhimasho aan sabab lahayn iyo xarig sharci darro ah. Obiang ayaa dib loo doortay si uu ugu adeego muddo dheer 2009 doorasho Midowga Afrika oo loo arko "in waafaqsan sharciga doorashada".Obiang wuxuu dib u magacaabay ra'iisul wasaare Ignacio Milam Tang 2010. [[File:Teodoro_Obiang_detail,_1650FRP051.jpg|thumb|Sida laga soo xigtay BBC-da, Madaxweyne Obiang Nguema "waxa ay hay'adaha xuquuqul insaanka ku tilmaameen mid ka mid ah keligii taliyeyaasha ugu naxariista daran Afrika]] Bishii Nofeembar 2011, dastuur cusub ayaa la ansixiyay. Codeynta dastuurka ayaa la qaaday, inkastoo aan qoraalka iyo nuxurka midna loo soo bandhigin dadweynaha ka hor codeynta. Sida uu dhigayo dastuurka cusub, madaxweynuhu wuxuu ku koobnaa ugu badnaan laba xilli oo toddoba sano ah, wuxuuna noqon lahaa madaxa dawladda iyo madaxa dawladda, sidaas darteed meesha ayuu ka saarayaa ra'iisul wasaaraha. Dastuurka cusub ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigay shaxda madaxweyne ku xigeenka, waxaana uu ku baaqay in la sameeyo golaha guurtida oo ka kooban 70 xubnood oo ka kooban 55 mudane oo ay shacabku soo doorteen, 15 ka kalena uu soo magacaabayo madaxweynaha. Isku shaandheyntan soo socota ee golaha wasiirada ayaa waxaa lagu shaaciyay in labo madaxweyne ku xigeen ay yeelan doonaan taasoo si cad u jebisay dastuurkii hadda dhaqan galay. Bishii Oktoobar 2012, inta lagu guda jiro wareysi lala yeeshay Christiane Amanpour CNN , Obiang ayaa la weydiiyay haddii uu ka tagayo dhamaadka muddada hadda (2009-2016) maadaama dastuurka cusub uu xaddiday tirada shuruudaha laba waxaana dib loo doortay ugu yaraan 4 jeer . Obiang waxa uu ku jawaabay in uu diiday in uu dhinac ka tago sababtoo ah dastuurka cusubi ma ahayn mid dib u laabanaya oo xadka labada wakhti waxa uu noqonayaa mid la dabaqi karo oo kaliya laga bilaabo 2016. Doorashadii dhacday 26kii May 2013 waxay isugu geysay tartankii guurtida, aqalka hoose iyo maayarrada hal xidhmo. Si la mid ah doorashooyinkii hore oo dhan, tan waxaa cambaareeyay mucaaradka, waxaana sidoo kale ku guuleystay Obiang's PDGE. Intii uu socday tartanka doorashada, xisbiga talada haya waxa uu qabtay doorashooyin gudaha ah, kuwaas oo markii dambe meesha laga saaray. Clara Nsegue Eyi iyo Natalia Angue Edjodjomo, isku duwayaasha Movimiento de Protesta Popular (Dhaqdhaqaaqa Mudaaharaadyada Dadka), ayaa la xiray. Waxa la xidhay 13kii May. Waxay ku baaqeen mudaaharaad nabadeed oo ka dhacay fagaaraha Plaza de la Mujer 15ka May. Isku duwaha Enrique Nsolo Nzo ayaa sidoo kale la xiray waxaana loo gudbiyay saldhiga dhexe ee booliska ee Malabo. Nsolo Nzo ayaa la sii daayay galinka dambe ee maalintaas iyadoo aan wax dacwad ah lagu soo oogin. Wax yar ka dib doorashadii, xisbiga mucaaradka ah ee Convergence for Social Democracy (CPDS) ayaa ku dhawaaqay inay u socdaan si nabad ah oo ay uga soo horjeedaan doorashada 26 May ee 25 June. Wasiirka arrimaha gudaha Clemente Engonga ayaa diiday in uu fasaxo mudaaharaadka sababo la xiriira in ay "qallafi karto" dalka iyo CPDS waxay go'aansatay in ay horay u socoto, iyada oo sheeganeysa xuquuq dastuuri ah. Habeenimadii 24-kii Juun, xarunta CPDS ee Malabo waxaa hareereeyey saraakiil bilays ah oo aad u hubaysan si kuwa gudaha ku jira aysan u bixin oo ay si wax ku ool ah u joojiyaan mudaaharaadka. Dhowr xubnood oo hormuud ka ah CPDS ayaa lagu xiray Malabo kuwa kalena Bata ayaa laga reebay inay raacaan dhowr duulimaad oo maxalli ah oo ku socday Malabo. [[File:Владимир Путин с Президентом Экваториальной Гвинеи.jpg|thumb|Obiang oo la jooga Madaxweynaha Ruushka Vladimir Putin Sebtember 26, 2024]] 2016, Obiang waxaa dib loogu doortay todobo sano oo dheeri ah doorasho taas oo, sida uu qabo Freedom House , ay ragaadiyeen rabshado bilays ah, xarig iyo jirdil ka dhan ah kooxaha mucaaradka. Ka dib doorashooyinkii guud ee 2022 , Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ee Equatorial Guinea ee Madaxweyne Obiang ayaa haysta dhammaan 100-ka kursi ee Rugta Ku Xigeennada iyo dhammaan kuwa ku jira Senetka. Mucaaradku waa mid aan ka jirin dalka oo laga soo abaabulo Isbaanishka inta badan gudaha Isbahaysiga dimuqraadiga ah ee Dimuqraadiyadda Bulshada. Inta badan warbaahinta waxaa gacanta ku haya dowladda; TV-yada gaarka loo leeyahay, kuwa kooxda Asonga, waxaa iska leh qoyska madaxweynaha. Daabacaada 2024, Transparency International waxay ku abaalmarisay Equatorial Guinea wadarta guud ee dhibcaha 13 marka loo eego tusmahooda musuqmaasuqa (CPI). CPI waxay ku qiimeysaa wadamada heerka musuqmaasuqa dadweynaha ee loo arko inay eber aad u musuqmaasuq badan tahay oo 100 aad u nadiif ah. Equatorial Guinea waxa ay gashay kaalinta 173aad marka la isku daro 180 wadan. Freedom House, oo ah urur u ololeeya dimoqraadiyadda iyo NGO-ga xuquuqal insaanka, ayaa ku tilmaamay Obiang inuu yahay mid ka mid ah " kaligii-talisyada ku nool adduunka ugu kleptocratic ", waxayna ka cawdeen dawladda Maraykanka oo soo dhawaysay maamulkiisa oo ay saliid ka iibsatay. Marka loo eego 2023 V-Dem Democracy tusmooyinka , Equatorial Guinea waa dalka 7-aad ee ugu dimuqraadiga yar Afrika ===Ciidamada qalabka sida=== [[File:Antonov_An-72P,_Equatorial_Guinea_-_Air_Force_AN1593110.jpg|thumb|Antonov An-72 P oo ka tirsan ciidamada qalabka sida ee Equatorial Guinea oo kor loo qaaday]] Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Equatorial Guinea waxa ay ka kooban yihiin ku dhawaad ​​2,500 oo xubnood oo adeeg ah. Ciidanku waxa uu leeyahay ku dhawaad ​​1,400 oo askari, booliiska 400 oo askari, ciidanka badda 200 oo askari, iyo ciidanka cirka ilaa 120 xubnood. Waxaa sidoo kale jira gendarmerie , laakiin tirada xubnaha lama oga. Marka loo eego Tusaha Nabadda Caalamiga ah ee 2024 , Equatorial Guinea waa dalka 94-aad ee ugu nabadda badan adduunka ==Juqraafiga== Equatorial Guinea waxay ku taal xeebta galbeed ee Afrikada Dhexe . Wadanku wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhul-weynaha, Río Muni , oo xuduud la leh Cameroon oo woqooyi ah iyo Gabon bari iyo koonfur, iyo shan jasiiradood oo yaryar, Bioko , Corisco , Annobón , Elobey Chico (Small Elobey), iyo Elobey Grande (Great Elobey). Biyoko, oo ah goobta caasimadda, Malabo , waxay ku taal qiyaastii 40 kiiloomitir (25 mi) xeebta Cameroon. Jasiiradda Annobón waxay qiyaastii 350 kiiloomitir (220 mi) galbeed-koonfur-galbeed ka xigtaa Cape Lopez ee Gabon. Corisco iyo labada jasiiradood ee Elobey waxay ku yaalliin Corisco Bay, oo ku taal soohdinta Río Muni iyo Gabon. Equatorial Guinea waxay u dhaxaysaa loolka 4°N iyo 2°S , iyo longitudes 5° iyo 12°E . In kasta oo magaceeda, ma jiro qayb ka mid ah dhulka waddanku ku yaal dhulbaraha - waxay ku taal waqooyiga hemisphere, marka laga reebo Gobolka Annobón , oo qiyaastii 155 km (96 mi) koonfur ka xigta dhulbaraha. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_GNQ_present.svg|thumb|Kala soocida cimilada Köppen ee Equatorial Guinea]] Equatorial Guinea waxay leedahay cimilo kuleyl ah oo leh xilliyo qoyan iyo kuwo qalalan. Laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Ogosto, Río Muni waa engegan yahay oo Biyoko qoyan; laga bilaabo Disembar ilaa Febraayo, dib u dhac ayaa dhaca. Inta u dhaxaysa, waxaa jira isbeddel tartiib tartiib ah. Roobka ama ceeryaamo ayaa maalin walba ku dhaca Annobón, halkaas oo maalin aan daruur lahayn aan waligood la diiwaan gelin. Heerkulka Malabo, Bioko, wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 16 °C (61 °F) ilaa 33 °C (91 °F), inkastoo koonfurta Moka Plateau, heerkulka sare ee caadiga ahi uu yahay 21 ° C (70 °F). Río Muni, celceliska heerkulka waa ilaa 27 °C (81 °F). Roobabka sannadlaha ahi waxay ku kala duwan yihiin 1,930 mm (76 in) ee Malabo ilaa 10,920 mm (430 in) ee Ureka , Bioko, laakiin Río Muni xoogaa wuu ka qallalay. ===“Deegaanka noolaha=== [[File:Share_Of_Forest_Area_In_Total_Land_Area,_Top_Countries_(2021).svg|thumb|Saamiga kaynta guud ahaan bedka dhulka, dalalka ugu sarreeya (2021). Equatorial Guinea waxay leedahay boqolkiiba toddobaad ee ugu sarreeya daboolka kaynta adduunka]] Equatorial Guinea waxa ay ka kooban tahay dhawr gobol Gobolka Río Muni wuxuu ku yaalaa gudaha kaymaha xeebta Atlantic Equatorial marka laga reebo balasyada mangroves ee Bartamaha Afrika ee xeebta, gaar ahaan agagaarka webiga Muni . Kaymaha xeebaha ee Cross-Sanaga-Bioko ayaa daboolaya inta badan Biyoko iyo qaybaha ku dhow ee Cameroon iyo Nigeria ee ku yaal dhul weynaha Afrika, iyo Buuraha Kameroon iyo Kaynta Montane ee Ecoregion waxay dabooshaa dhulka sare ee Bioko iyo Buurta Cameroon ee u dhow . São Tomé, Principe, iyo Annobón qoyan ee kaymaha hoose waxay daboolayaan dhammaan Annobón, iyo sidoo kale São Tomé iyo Principe. Wadanku waxa uu lahaa 2018 kaymaha tusmaynta hufnaanta dhuleed celcelis ahaan buundada 7.99/10, isaga oo ku qiimeeyay 30aad aduunka 172 wadan. ===Muqaalo=== [[File:Annobon_Island_Equatorial_Guinea.jpg|thumb|Annobon]] [[File:Islotes_Horacio_1.JPG|thumb|Islote Horacio]] [[File:Dschungel_bei_Oyala.JPG|thumb|Meel u dhow Ciudad de la Paz]] [[File:Nationalpark Monte Alén.jpg|thumb|Beerta Qaranka ee Monte Alén]] [[File:The_Great_Bioko_mountain.jpg|thumb|Pico Basilé]] ===Duurjoogta=== Equatorial Guinea waxaa ku nool daanyeero kala duwan, shabeel, baffalo , antelope , maroodi , hippopotamuses , yaxaaska iyo masaska kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan pythons '''Duurjoogta Equatorial Guinea''' [[File:Dissotis_sp_Bioko201310.jpg|thumb|Dissotis]] [[File:Soja_en_Mongomo.png|thumb|Soybean]] [[File:Rhampholeon_spectrum_63850438.jpg|thumb|Spectral pygmy chameleon]] [[File:Yellow-billed_Turacos_in_Equatorial_Guinea_2006.jpg|thumb|turaco-jaalle]] [[File:Gorilla_019.jpg|thumb|Gorilla galbeed]] ===Qaybaha maamulka=== Equatorial Guinea waxa ay u qaybsantaa sideed gobol . Gobolka ugu cusub waa Djibloho , oo la sameeyay 2017 oo xarunteedu tahay Ciudad de la Paz , caasimadda mustaqbalka ee dalka. Sideeda gobol waa sidan soo socota (lambaradu waxay u dhigmaan kuwa khariidada ku yaal; magaalo madax-goboleedyadu waxay ka muuqdaan jaantus): Annobón ( San Antonio de Palé ) Biyoko Norte ( Malabo ) Biyoko Sur ( Luba ) Centro Sur ( Eviyong ) Djibloho ( Ciudad de la Paz ) Kié-Ntem ( Ebebiyín ) Litoral ( Bata ) Wele-Nzas ( Mongomo ) Goboladu waxay u sii kala qaybsan yihiin 19 degmo iyo 37 degmo . ==Dhaqaalaha== Ka hor inta aan qaranku xornimada ka qaadan Isbayn, Equatorial Guinea waxa ay u dhoofisay kookaha , qaxwada iyo alwaaxa, inta badan waxa ay u dhoofin jirtay gumaystaha Spain, laakiin sidoo kale waxa ay u dhoofisay Jarmalka iyo UK. 1 Janaayo 1985, waddanku wuxuu noqday xubinta ugu horreysa ee Afrikaanka ah ee aan ku hadlin Faransiiska ee aagga Faransiiska , isagoo qaatay CFA franc lacagtiisa. Lacagta qaranka, ekwetale , ayaa hore loogu xidhay peseta Isbaanishka [[File:Gepetrol_HQ_Malabo_2013.jpg|thumb|Tower Gepetrol ee Malabo, 2013]] Helitaanka kayd weyn oo saliid ah 1996 iyo ka faa'iidaysigeeda ka dib waxay gacan ka geysatay korodhka dakhliga dawladda. Laga bilaabo 2004 , Equatorial Guinea waa dalka saddexaad ee ugu soo saarka badan saliidda ee ka hooseeya saxaraha Afrika . Wax-soo-saarkeeda saliidda ayaa kor u kacay ilaa 360,000 foosto maalintii (57,000 m 3 /d), marka loo eego 220,000 oo keliya laba sano ka hor. Shirkadaha shidaalka ee Equatorial Guinea waxaa ka mid ah ExxonMobil , Marathon Oil , Kosmos Energy iyo Chevron . Bishii Luulyo 2004, Senate-ka Mareykanka ayaa daabacay baaritaan lagu sameeyay Bankiga Riggs , oo ah bangi fadhigiisu yahay Washington kaas oo inta badan dakhliga saliidda Equatorial Guinea la bixiyo ilaa dhowaan, oo sidoo kale u banki u ahaa Chile 's Augusto Pinochet . Warbixinta Senetka ayaa muujisay ugu yaraan 35 milyan oo doolar oo ay ka baxeen Obiang, qoyskiisa iyo saraakiisha sarsare ee nidaamka. Madaxweynaha ayaa diiday inuu wax khalad ah sameeyay. Riggs Bank bishii Febraayo 2005 waxa uu bixiyay $9 milyan oo dib u celinta bangiga Pinochet, wax soo celin ah looma samaynin dhinaca Equatorial Guinea. Dhirta, beerashada, iyo kalluumeysiga ayaa sidoo kale ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka guud ee dalka (GDP). Beerashada maciishada ayaa u badan. Beeruhu waa isha ugu weyn ee shaqo ee dalka, iyadoo dakhliga soo gala 57% qoysaska miyiga ah iyo shaqo abuurka 52% shaqaalaha.Laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa 2010, Equatorial Guinea waxay lahayd celceliska celceliska sanadlaha korodhka GDP, 17%. Equatorial Guinea waa xubin ka tirsan Ururka Iswaafajinta Sharciga Ganacsiga Afrika (OHADA). Equatorial Guinea sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan Ururka Lacagta iyo Dhaqaalaha Afrikada Dhexe (CEMAC), oo ah qayb hoosaad ka kooban in ka badan 50 milyan oo qof. Equatorial Guinea waxay isku dayday in loo ansixiyo sidii Waddan u hoggaansamaya Hufnaanta Warshadaha Warshadaha (EITI). Dalku wuxuu helay darajada musharax 22kii Febraayo 2008; markii Equatorial Guinea ay codsatay in lagu kordhiyo wakhtiga lagu dhamaystirayo ansixinta EITI, gudida EITI ma ogola in la kordhiyo. Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Adduunka , Equatorial Guinea ayaa leh dakhliga ugu sarreeya ee wadarta guud (GNI) ee waddan kasta oo Afrikaan ah, 83 jeer ayaa ka weyn GNI qofkiiba Burundi , oo ah waddanka ugu saboolsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Equatorial Guinea waxa ay haysataa faqri ba'an oo ay keentay sinnaan la'aanta hantida . Marka loo eego Warbixinta Horumarinta Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee 2016, Equatorial Guinea waxay lahayd GDP qofkiiba $21,517, mid ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee hantida Afrika. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu sinnaanta badan adduunka marka loo eego Gini index , iyada oo boqolkiiba 70 dadku ku nool yihiin hal dollar maalintii. Wadanku wuxuu ku jiraa 145th ee 189 ee Tusaha Horumarinta Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee 2019. Hydrocarbons waxay ka yihiin 97% dhoofinta gobolka, waana xubin ka tirsan Ururka Soosaarayaasha Shidaalka Afrika . Sannadka 2020, waxa uu wajahayaa sannadkii siddeedaad ee hoos u dhaca dhaqaalaha, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay musuqmaasuqa baahsan . Dhaqaalaha Equatorial Guinea ayaa la filayey inuu kordho 2.6% sanadka 2021, saadaashaas oo ku salaysnayd in si guul leh loo dhammeeyo mashruuc gaas weyn ah iyo soo kabashada dhaqaalaha aduunka qaybta labaad ee sanadka. Laakiin dalka ayaa la filayaa inuu dib ugu soo laabto hoos u dhaca sanadka 2022, iyadoo hoos u dhaca GDP dhabta ah ee ku saabsan 4.4%. Sannadkii 2022, isugaynta Gini ee dalka waxa ay ahayd 58.8. == Gaadiidka == [[File:Aerial_view_of_Malabo_Airport.jpeg|thumb|Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Malabo ( Aeropuerto de Malabo ee Isbaanishka), ee Punta Europa , jasiiradda Bioko]] [[File:Malabo_a_13-oct-01.jpg|thumb| Dekedda Malabo]] Wershadaha batroolka ee ballaaran ee dalka ka jira awgeed, shirkado caalami ah oo la aqoonsan yahay ayaa u duulay garoonka caalamiga ah ee Malabo , kaasoo, bishii May 2014, uu xiriir toos ah la lahaa Yurub iyo Galbeedka Afrika . Waxaa jira saddex garoon diyaaradeed oo ku yaal Equatorial Guinea- Gegada Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Malabo , Gegida Diyaaradaha ee Bata iyo Gegida Diyaaradaha ee Annobón ee jasiiradda Annobón . Gegida caalamiga ah ee Malabo waa garoonka kaliya ee caalamiga ah. Diyaarad kasta oo ka diiwaan gashan Equatorial Guinea waxay ka soo muuqanaysaa liiska diyaaradaha xambaara ee laga mamnuucay Midowga Yurub (EU), taasoo ka dhigan in laga mamnuucay inay ka shaqeyso adeegyada nooc kasta oo ay tahay gudaha Midowga Yurub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xamuulka qaada waxay bixiyaan adeega magaalooyinka Yurub ilaa caasimada. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== [[File:Equatorial_Guinea_population.svg|thumb|Jadwalka wakhtiga ee dadka Equatoguinean inta u dhaxaysa 1960 iyo 2017. Dadka ku nool kumanaan qof.]] '''Dadka ku nool Equatorial Guinea''' Sannadka 1950kii 2000 0.6 2020 1.4 Inta badan dadka Equatorial Guinea waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan Bantu . Kooxda qowmiyadda ugu weyn, Fang , ayaa asal ahaan ka soo jeeda dhul weynaha, laakiin u haajiridda la taaban karo ee Jasiiradda Biyoko tan iyo qarnigii 20aad waxay ka dhigan tahay in dadka Fang ay ka badan yihiin kuwii hore ee Bubi degganaa. Fang wuxuu ka kooban yahay 80% dadweynaha wuxuuna ka kooban yahay ilaa 67 qabiil. Kuwa ku nool qaybta waqooyi ee Río Muni waxay ku hadlaan Fang-Ntumu, halka kuwa koonfurta ay ku hadlaan Fang-Okah; labada lahjadood way ku kala duwan yihiin laakiin waa kuwo la isku fahmi karo. Lahjadaha Fang ayaa sidoo kale looga hadlaa qaybo ka mid ah Cameroon (Bulu) iyo Gabon ee deriska la ah. Lahjadahani, in kasta oo weli la fahmi karo, ayaa aad u kala duwan. Bubi, oo ka kooban 15% dadweynaha, waxay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan Jasiiradda Biyoko. Khadka soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya kooxaha qowmiyadaha Fang iyo 'Beach' (gudaha) waxay ahayd tuulada Niefang (xadka Fang), bariga Bata. Kooxaha qowmiyadaha xeebaha, mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan Ndowe ama "Playeros" ( Dadka Xeebta ee Isbaanishka): Combes , Bujebas , Balengues , iyo Bengas oo ku yaal dhul weynaha iyo jasiiradaha yaryar, iyo Fernandinos , oo ah beesha Krio ee ku taal Jasiiradda Bioko waxay ka kooban yihiin 5% dadweynaha. Reer Yurub (badanaa ka soo jeeda Isbaanishka ama Bortuqiisku , qaar ka mid ah abtirsiinyada Afrikaanka ah) ayaa sidoo kale ku nool dalka, laakiin inta badan qowmiyadaha Isbaanishka ayaa ka tagay xorriyadda ka dib. [[File:Bubi children from Equatorial Guinea.jpg|thumb|Carruurta Equatorial Guinea ee ku abtirsada Bubi]] Tiro sii kordheysa oo ajaanib ah oo ka kala yimid dalalka deriska la ah Cameroon , Nigeria, iyo Gabon ayaa u soo haajiray dalka. Marka loo eego Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations (2002) 7% jasiiradaha Bioko waxay ahaayeen Igbo . Equatorial Guinea waxay heshay Aasiyaan iyo Afrikaan asal ah oo ka yimid waddamo kale si ay uga shaqeeyaan beeraha kookaha iyo kafeega. Afrikaan kale oo madow waxay ka yimaadeen Liberia , Angola, iyo Mozambique . Inta badan dadka Asia waa Shiinaha , oo ay ku nool yihiin tiro yar oo Hindi ah ===Luuqadaha=== [[File:Malabo_(16511251451).jpg|thumb|Qoraal ubaxeed oo leh magaca dalka oo ku qoran Isbaanishka Malabo]] Tan iyo markii ay xornimada qaadatay 1968, luqadda rasmiga ah ee Equatorial Guinea waxay ahayd Isbaanishka (kala duwanaanshaha maxalliga ah waa Equatoguinean Isbaanishka ), kaas oo u dhaqma sida luqadda franca ee kooxaha qowmiyadaha kala duwan. Sannadkii 1970kii, intii lagu jiray xukunkii Macías, Isbaanish waxa beddelay Fang , oo ah luqadda kooxda qowmiyadeeda ugu badan , oo uu Macías ka tirsan yahay. Go'aankaas waxaa dib loo celiyay 1979 ka dib dhicitaankii Macías. Isbaanishku wuxuu ahaan jiray luqadda rasmiga ah ee kali ah ilaa 1998, markii Faransiiska lagu daray kii labaad, maadaama ay hore ugu biirtay Bulshada Dhaqaalaha iyo Lacagta ee Bartamaha Afrika (CEMAC), kuwaas oo xubnahooda aasaasay ay yihiin quruumo ku hadla Faransiiska, laba ka mid ah (Cameroon iyo Gabon) oo ku wareegsan gobolkeeda qaaradaha. Boortaqiis waxaa loo qaatay luqadeeda rasmiga ah ee saddexaad ee 2010. Isbaanishku waa luqad rasmi ah tan iyo 1844. Wali waa luqadda waxbarashada iyo maamulka. 67.6% dadka Equatorial Guinea ayaa ku hadli kara, gaar ahaan kuwa ku nool caasimadda Malabo . Faransiiska waxa kaliya oo rasmi ah loo sameeyay si uu ugu biiro Francophonie , lagumana hadlo gudaha, marka laga reebo magaalooyinka xuduudka qaarkood; iyo Bortuqiisku waxa kaliya oo si rasmi ah loo dhigay si ay ugu biiraan Bulshada Wadamada Luuqada Boortaqiiska , sidaa awgeed sidoo kale laguma hadlo gudaha, inkasta oo Annobonese iyo Catholics maxaliga ahi ay xidhiidh la leeyihiin luqadda. Luqadaha Aborijiniska waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay yihiin qaybo ka mid ah "dhaqanka qaranka" (Sharciga Dastuuriga ah No. 1/1998, 21 January). Luqadaha asaliga ah (qaar ka mid ah creoles ) waxaa ka mid ah Fang , Bube , Benga , Ndowe , Balengue , Bujeba , Bissio, Gumu, Igbo , Pichinglis , Fa d'Ambô iyo Baseke oo ku dhow dabar go'an . Inta badan qawmiyadaha Afrika waxay ku hadlaan luqadaha Bantu [[File:Lenguas_de_Guinea_Ecuatorial.png|thumb|Afafka Afrika ee Equatorial Guinea iyo deegaankeeda]] Fa d'Ambô , oo ah Bortuqiisku, waxaa laga isticmaalaa Gobolka Annobón , Malabo, iyo dhul weynaha Equatorial Guinea. Dad badan oo deegaanka Bioko ah ayaa sidoo kale ku hadli kara Isbaanishka, gaar ahaan caasimadda, iyo luqadda ganacsiga maxalliga ah, Pichinglis , oo ah Ingiriis ku salaysan criole. Isbaanish in badan loogama hadlo Annobón. Dawlada iyo waxbarashada, Isbaanish ayaa loo isticmaalaa. Boortaqiis aan la dhisin waxa u adeegsada luuqad liturgical ah oo ay isticmaalaan Catholics maxalliga ah. Beesha qowmiyadeed ee Annobonese waxay isku dayday inay xubin ka noqoto Bulshada Waddamada Luuqadaha Boortaqiiska (CPLP). Dawladdu waxay maalgelisay Instituto Internacional da Língua Portuguesa (IILP) daraasad bulsho oo ku taal Annobón. Waxay diiwaangelisay xidhiidh xooggan oo lala yeesho dadyowgii reer Bortuqiisku ee ku nool São Tomé iyo Príncipe, Cape Verde iyo Guinea-Bissau. Xidhiidhka taariikhiga ah iyo dhaqanka awgeed, sannadkii 2010, sharci-dejintu waxay wax ka beddeleen qodobka 4 ee dastuurka Equatorial Guinea si ay u dhisaan Bortuqiisku luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda. Tani waxay ahayd dadaal ay dowladdu ku horumarinayso isgaarsiinteeda, ganacsigeeda, iyo xiriirkeeda laba geesoodka ah ee ay la leedahay waddamada ku hadla afka Boortaqiiska. Waxa kale oo ay aqoonsan tahay xidhiidhka dheer ee taariikhiga ah ee Portugal iyo dadka ku hadla Portuguese-ka ee Brazil, São Tomé iyo Principe, iyo Cape Verde. Qaar ka mid ah dhiirigelinta Equatorial Guinea ee raadinta xubinnimada Bulshada Waddamada Luuqadaha Boortaqiiska (CPLP) waxaa ka mid ah helitaanka dhowr barnaamijyo xirfadeed iyo isweydaarsi tacliimeed iyo fududaynta wareegga xuduudaha ee muwaadiniinta. Qaadashada Boortaqiisku sida luqadda rasmiga ah waxay ahayd shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee lagu codsanayo aqbalaadda CPLP. Intaa waxaa dheer, dalka ayaa loo sheegay in ay tahay in ay qaataan dib-u-habeyn siyaasadeed oo ogolaanaya dimoqraadiyad wax ku ool ah iyo ixtiraamka xuquuqda aadanaha. Baarlamaanka qaranka ayaa ka dooday sharcigan Oktoobar 2011. Bishii Febraayo 2012, wasiirka arrimaha dibadda ee Equatorial Guinea ayaa heshiis la saxiixday IILP oo ku saabsan horumarinta Bortuqiisku ee dalka. Bishii Luulyo 2012, CPLP waxay diiday Equatorial Guinea xubin buuxda, ugu horrayn sababta oo ah waxay sii socotaa xad-gudubyada halista ah ee xuquuqda aadanaha. Dawladdu waxay kaga jawaabtay sharciyaynta axsaabta siyaasadda, waxayna ku dhawaaqday joojinta ciqaabta dilka, waxayna bilawday wadahadal ay la yeelato dhammaan qaybaha siyaasadda. Intaa waxaa dheer, IILP waxay ka hubisay dhulka dawladda dhismaha xarumaha dhaqanka luqadda Boortaqiiska ee Bata iyo Malabo. Shirweynihii tobnaad ee Dili bishii Luulyo 2014, Equatorial Guinea waxaa loo aqbalay xubin CPLP ah. Baabi'inta ciqaabta dilka iyo horumarinta Boortaqiiska sida luqadda rasmiga ah waxay ahaayeen shuruudo oggolaansho ah ===Diinta=== [[File:Santa_Isabel_Malabo_20131224_140204.jpg|thumb|Santa Isabel Cathedral ee Malabo]] Diinta ugu weyn ee Equatorial Guinea waa diinta kiristaanka , caqiidada 93% ee dadweynaha. Roman Catholics ayaa ah aqlabiyadda (88%), halka kuwa laga tirada badan yahay ay yihiin Protestant (5%). Dadka, 2% waxay raacaan Islaamka (badanaa Sunni ). Inta soo hartay ee 5% waxay ku dhaqmaan Aniism , Baháʼí , iyo caqiidooyinka kale, iyo caqiidooyinka dhaqan-dhaqameedka ayaa inta badan lagu dhex daraa Catholicism. ===Caafimaadka=== Barnaamijyada duumada ee Equatorial Guinea horraantii qarnigii 21aad waxay ku guulaysteen dhimista caabuqa duumada iyo dhimashada . Barnaamijkoodu wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba jeer sannadkiiba buufin hadhaaga gudaha ah (IRS), soo bandhigida daaweynta isku-dhafka ah ee artemisinin (ACTs), isticmaalka daawaynta ka-hortagga ah ee haweenka uurka leh (IPTp), iyo soo bandhigida maro-kaneecada-la daweeyay muddo dheer (LLINs). Dadaalkoodu waxa uu keenay in la dhimo dhammaan sababaha dhimashada shanta sano ka yar 152 ilaa 55 dhimasho 1,000kii dhallaanka nool (hoos u dhacay 64%), hoos u dhac ku soo beegmay bilawga barnaamijka. Bishii Juun 2014, afar xaaladood oo dabaysha ah ayaa la soo sheegay, taasoo ka dhigaysa waddankii ugu horreeyay ee cudurkaas ka dillaaca. ===Waxbarashada=== [[File:Ministerio_de_Educaci%C3%B3n,_Ciencia_y_Deportes_(Malabo)_(6510104101).jpg|thumb|Wasaaradda Waxbarashada, Sayniska iyo Ciyaaraha ( Ministerio de Educación, Ciencia y Deportes ee Isbaanishka)]] Wadamada ka hooseeya Saxaraha Afrika, Equatorial Guinea waxay leedahay mid ka mid ah heerarka ugu sarreeya ee wax-akhris. Sida laga soo xigtay Buugga Xaqiiqada Adduunka ee Hay'adda Sirdoonka Dhexe, laga bilaabo 2015 , 95.3% dadka da'doodu tahay 15 iyo wixii ka weyn waxay awoodeen inay wax ku akhriyaan waxna ku qoraan dalka. [ 154 ] Intii uu joogay Francisco Macias , carruur yar ayaa helay nooc kasta oo waxbarasho ah. Xilligii Madaxweyne Obiang, heerka aqoon-la'aanta ayaa hoos uga dhacay 73% ilaa 13%, tirada ardayda dugsiyada hoose waxay kor uga kacday 65,000 1986 ilaa in ka badan 100,000 1994. Waxbarashadu waa lacag la'aan waana qasab carruurta da'doodu u dhaxayso 6 iyo 14. Dawladda Equatorial Guinea waxay la kaashatay shirkadda Hess Corporation iyo Akadeemiyada Horumarinta Waxbarashada (AED) si loo sameeyo barnaamij waxbarasho oo dhan $20 milyan oo loogu talagalay macallimiinta dugsiyada hoose si ay u baraan farsamooyinka horumarinta carruurta ee casriga ah. Hadda waxa jira 51 dugsiyo moodeel ah oo barbaarintooda firfircooni ay noqon doonto dib-u-habayn heer qaran ah. Wadanku wuxuu leeyahay hal jaamacad, Universidad Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial (UNGE), oo xarun ku leh Malabo iyo Kuliyadda Caafimaadka oo ku taal Bata ee dhul weynaha. Sannadkii 2009-kii waxay jaamacaddu soo saartay 110-kii dhakhtar ee ugu horreeyay ee heer qaran ah. Dugsiga caafimaadka ee Bata waxaa taageera dawlada Cuba oo ay ka shaqeeyaan barayaasha caafimaadka Cuba iyo dhakhaatiirta ==Dhaqanka== [[File:Centro_Cultural_de_Espa%C3%B1a_en_Malabo.jpg|thumb|Centro Cultural de España (Xarunta Dhaqanka ee Spain) ee Malabo]] Bishii Juun 1984, Shirweynihii Dhaqanka ee Isbaanishka-Afrika ee ugu horreeyay ayaa la qabtay si loo sahamiyo aqoonsiga dhaqameed ee Equatorial Guinea. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Sipopo_(16517963802).jpg|thumb|Hotel ku yaal Sipopo]] Laga bilaabo 2020 , Equatorial Guinea ma laha Xarunta Dhaxalka Adduunka ee UNESCO ama goobo ku habboon Liiska Dhaxalka Adduunka. Wadanku sidoo kale malaha wax dhaxal ah oo dukumeenti ah oo ku qoran Xusuusta Barnaamijka Adduunka ee UNESCO ama wax hidde dhaqameed ah oo aan la taaban karin oo ku qoran Liiska Dhaxalka Dhaqanka ee aan la taaban karin ee UNESCO . Soo jiidashada dalxiisku waa rubuci gumeysiga ee Malabo, qaybta koonfureed ee Bioko halkaas oo tamashleyaashu ay booqan karaan qulqulka Iladyi iyo xeebaha fog ee leh qoolleyda buul, Bata oo leh xeebteeda Paseo Maritimo iyo munaaradda xorriyadda, Mongomo oo leh basilica (kaniisadda labaad ee Catholic ee ugu weyn Afrika) iyo caasimadda cusub ee la qorsheeyay oo la dhisay Ciudad de la Paz . ===Warbaahinta iyo isgaarsiinta=== [[File:UNED-GQ_IMG_6269_(6510136445).jpg|thumb|Daabacaadda majaladda telefishanka Malabeando ee Xarunta Dhaqanka ee Spain ee Malabo]] Habka ugu muhiimsan ee isgaarsiinta Equatorial Guinea waa seddex idaacadood oo FM ah oo ay dowladdu maamusho : BBC World Service , Radio France Internationale iyo Gabon oo xarunteedu tahay Africa No 1 laga sii daayo FM ee Malabo. Waxa kale oo jira raadiye madax bannaan oo la yidhaahdo Radio Macuto; waa idaacad ku salaysan mareegaha iyo isha wararka oo caan ku ah daabacaadda wararka ka soo yeedha nidaamka Obiang. Waxa kale oo jira shan idaacadood oo mawjadaha gaaban . Televisión de Guinea Ecuatorial , shabakada telefishinka, waa mid ay dawladu maamusho. Barnaamijka TV-ga caalamiga ah ee RTVGE waxa laga heli karaa satalaytka Afrika, Yurub, iyo Ameerika iyo adduunka oo dhan iyada oo la adeegsanayo internetka. Waxaa jira laba wargeys iyo laba joornaal. Equatorial Guinea ayaa kaalinta 161-aad ka gashay 179-ka waddan ee 2012-ka ee tusmada xorriyadda saxaafadda ee suxufiyiinta aan xuduudda lahayn . Ilaalada ayaa sheegtay in warbaahinta qaranka ay u hogaansanto awaamiirta wasaaradda warfaafinta. Inta badan shirkadaha warbaahintu waxay ku dhaqmaan is- faafreeb , waxaana sharciga ka mamnuucaya inay dhaleeceeyaan dadka caanka ah. Warbaahinta ay dowladdu leedahay iyo idaacada gaarka loo leeyahay ee ugu weyn waxaa hoos yimaada agaasimaha wiilka madaxweynaha, Teodor Obiang . Soo gelida teleefanada dhulka waa yar yahay, iyadoo 100kii qofba laba khad oo keliya la heli karo. Waxa jira hal qof oo GSM-ka ah oo ka shaqeeya taleefoonka gacanta, kaasoo daboolaya Malabo , Bata , iyo magaalooyin badan oo dhul-weynaha ah. Laga bilaabo 2009 , ku dhawaad ​​40% dadku waxay iska diiwaan galiyeen adeegyada teleefoonka gacanta. Bixiyaha taleefanka kaliya ee Equatorial Guinea waa Orange . Sida laga soo xigtay Bangiga Adduunka, waxaa jiray in ka badan hal milyan oo isticmaalayaasha internetka ah 2022. ===Muusiga=== Hababka Pan-Afrika sida soukous iyo makossa waa caan, sida reggaeton , dabinka Latin , reggae iyo rock and roll ===Shineemo=== Sannadkii 2014-kii, filimka South African-Dutch-Equatorial Guinea ee riwaayadda halka waddadu ka baxdo ayaa lagu toogtay dalka. Waxa kale oo jira Documentary-ga Qoraaga ah ee ka soo jeeda waddan aan lahayn dukaamada buugaagta . Waxay si cad u naqdaysaa nidaamka Obiang ===Ciyaaraha=== Equatorial Guinea ayaa loo doortay inay si wadajir ah u martigeliso Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2012 iyadoo la kaashanaysa Gabon , waxayna martigelisay daabacaadda 2015 . Dalka ayaa sidoo kale loo doortay inuu martigeliyo Koobka Kubadda Cagta Haweenka Afrika ee 2008 , kaasoo ay ku guuleysteen. Xulka qaranka haweenka ayaa u soo baxay koobkii aduunka ee 2011 ee ka dhacay dalka Jarmalka. Bishii Juun 2016, Equatorial Guinea ayaa loo doortay inay martigeliso Koobka Kubadda Cagta Haweenka Afrika ee 2008 , kaasoo ay ku guuleysteen. Xulka qaranka haweenka ayaa u soo baxay koobkii aduunka ee 2011 ee ka dhacay dalka Jarmalka. Bishii Juun 2016, Equatorial Guinea ayaa loo doortay inay Guinea ayaa loo doortay inay martigeliso ciyaaraha 12-aad ee Afrika 2019. Equatorial Guinea waxay caan ku tahay dabaasha Eric Moussambani ,oo lagu naaneeso "Eric the Eel" iyo Paula Barila Bolopa , "Paula the Crawler", oo ka qayb galay ciyaaraha Olombikada xagaaga ee 2000[[File:Estadio_de_Bata_(15896733814).jpg|thumb|Estadio de Bata ee Bata]] ==Tixraac== [https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april "Database-ka Muuqaalka Dhaqaalaha Adduunka, Abriil 2025"] [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT?most_recent_value_desc=true "Heerka dhimashada, ka yar 5 (1,000kii dhallaanka nool) | Xog"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=YqeTEAAAQBAJ Isbarbardhigga Nidaamyada Siyaasadeed: Hordhac Mawduuc ah oo ku Saabsan Siyaasadda Isbarbardhigga,] [https://books.google.com/books?id=YqeTEAAAQBAJ Qormada] [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110131191445/http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/88.pdf Kuwa ugu Xun 2010. Bulshooyinka ugu Cadaadiska badan Adduunka] [http://www.opensourceguinea.org/2013/03/enrique-martino-clandestine-recruitment.html "Shabakadaha Qorista Qarsoon ee Biafra: Jawaabta Fernando Pó ee Su'aasha Shaqaalaha, 1926-1945"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071229043459/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2530772.ece "Qofkii afgambiga sameeyay ayaa nolosha ku wajahaya xabsiga ugu caansan Afrika"] [https://apnews.com/international-news-general-news-f44f66bb37c44cd7811f8230532b0bec "Equatorial Guinea ayaa ku guulaysatay kursiga Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay in kasta oo kooxaha xuquuqda ay walaac ka muujiyeen"] [https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20250519-%C3%AElots-disput%C3%A9s-la-cour-internationale-de-justice-donne-raison-%C3%A0-la-guin%C3%A9e-%C3%A9quatoriale-face-au-gabon https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20250519-%C3%AElots-disput%C3%A9s-la-cour-internationale-de-justice-donne-raison-%C3%A0-la-guin%C3%A9e-%Criaaubon-faceto] [https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/05/equatorial-guinea-targets-opposition-ahead-elections/ "Equatorial Guinea waxay beegsanaysaa mucaaradka ka hor doorashada"] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 "Beddelka anthropogenic ee kaymaha macneheedu waa 40% kaliya ee kaymaha soo hadhay waxay leeyihiin hufnaan deegaaneed sare - Qalabka Dheeriga ah"] [https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chevron-equatorial-guinea-sign-production-sharing-agreement-offshore-oil-block-2021-12-09/ "Chevron, Equatorial Guinea waxay saxiixday heshiis wax-soo-saar wadaag ah oo ku saabsan xannibaadda badda"] [https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx "Rajada Dadweynaha Adduunka 2022: Tusiyeyaasha tirakoobka ee gobol, degaan iyo waddan, sannad kasta 1950-2100"] {{Wayback|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx |date=20230306213755 }} [http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=134&lang=en Oficina de Información y Prensa de Guinea Ecuatorial, Ministerio de Información, Cultura y Turismo] [http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=703 "Bortigu waxay noqon doontaa luqadda saddexaad ee rasmiga ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Equatorial Guinea"] [https://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/80/6/882?ijkey=42e57e2ed496ad1cc91ad3c34a8636edd294d458&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha Kor u kaca badbaadada carruurta ka dib afar sano oo Xakamaynta Duumada degdega ah] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/80/6/882?ijkey=42e57e2ed496ad1cc91ad3c34a8636edd294d458&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha |date=20110510015151 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20050420123724/http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/archive/swimmings19o.html "London 2012 Olympics: sida Eric 'the Eel' Moussambani uu u dhiirigeliyay jiilka barkada dabaasha ee Ciyaaraha Sydney"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710234957/http://www.brazilnews.net/index.php/sid/223187509/scat/24437442923341f1/ht/Detection-of-poliovirus-in-Sao-Paulo-airport-sewage-WHO "Ogaanshaha cudurka dabaysha ee wasakhda madaarka São Paulo: WHO"] it7gflutumgldt5mgdr5fj8fdlqisem 0 4827 298827 298696 2026-06-19T05:40:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala [[Afrika]] iyo [[Aasiya]] xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|189px]]<S>[[Maldives]]<S'!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |18.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<s'?> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/> |- |21.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |24."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Romania]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |29._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- <S'!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. 190/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |16.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |18.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!'> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.'".||[[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|189px]]<S>[[Koonfur Suudaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24..".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |29.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet. 3mpire.!'!']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |30.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalie.!'?]]<s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |31."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Jabuuty.!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great Britain of N. Ireland;Ausies.!'& NZL; & Canadiens.!'!'(ex.Quebec.!'!'):Argentine ; Brazil;& Français; Mexico;& Italiano.!'!'; Espanayol.!'! & Portugalese.!'!'(United Arab Emirates.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Gamal Abdel Naser u Beogradu, 1962.jpg|thumb|central|The second President of [[Egyptians]] 1954–1971.jpg: "as" President of [[Greater Arab Republics]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 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wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republic of Armenia | common_name = Armenia | native_name = {{small|Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն<br />{{native name|hy|Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Armenia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Armenia.svg | national_motto = | national_anthem = <br />[[Mer Hayrenik|Մեր Հայրենիք]]<br />''Mer Hayrenik''<br />{{smaller|"Our Fatherland"}}<br />[[File:Mer Hayrenik |instrumental.ogg|center]] | image_map = Armenia (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Armenia - Location Map (2013) - ARM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[Yerevan]] | coordinates = {{Coord|40|11|N|44|31|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Armenian language|Armenian]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Armenia, Article |2=20 |url=http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/ |publisher=president.am |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-date=2017-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223102232/http://www.president.am/en/constitution-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | national_languages = | languages_type = | languages_sub = | languages = | languages2_type = | languages2_sub = | languages2 = | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |98.1% [[Armenians]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;1.2% [[Yazidis in Armenia|Yazidis]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;0.4% [[Russians in |Armenia|Russians]] |&nbsp;&nbsp;0.3% other<ref>Asatryan, Garnik; Arakelova, Victoria (Yerevan 2002). |[https://web.archive.org/web/20110511044234/http://www.hra.am/file/minorities_en.pdf The Ethnic Minorities in Armenia]. Part of the [[Organization for |Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. |at [[WebCite]] (16 April 2010).</ref><ref>Ministry of Culture of Armenia [http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc |"The ethnic minorities in Armenia. Brief information"] {{Wayback|url=http://mincult.am/datas/media/azg.poqr.%20ev%20xorhurd%20mshak.nax.%20(1).doc |date=20171010143439 }}. As per the most recent census in 2011. [http://mincult.am/national_minority.html "National minority"] {{Wayback|url=http://mincult.am/national_minority.html |date=20170216082403 }}.</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2011 | religion = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.am/parliament.php?id=constitution&lang=eng|title=National Assembly of |the Republic of Armenia - Official Web Site - parliament.am|website=www.parliament.am}}</ref> | religion_year = | demonym = [[Armenians|Armenian]] | government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]]}} [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Armenia|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Armen Sarkissian]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Armenia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Nikol Pashinyan]] | leader_title3 = [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia|President of the National Assembly]] | leader_name3 = [[Ara Babloyan]] | legislature = [[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]] | sovereignty_type = Formation and independence | established_event1 = Traditional date | established_date1 = 2492 BC | established_event2 = [[Hayasa-Azzi]] | established_date2 = 1500–1290 BC | established_event3 = [[Shupria|Arme-Shupria]]<ref>[[David Marshall Lang|Lang, David Marshall]]. ''Armenia: Cradle of Civilization''. London: Allen and |Unwin, 1970, p. 114. {{ISBN|0-04-956007-7}}.</ref><ref>Redgate, Anna Elizabeth. ''The Armenians''. Cornwall: Blackwell, 1998, pp. 16–19, 23, 25, 26 |||(map), 30–32, 38, 43 {{ISBN|0-631-22037-2}}.</ref> | established_date3 = 14th century–1190 BC | established_event4 = [[Urartu]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Redgate |first=A. E. |title=The Armenians |year=2000 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford |isbn=0-631-22037-2 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e3nef10a3UcC&dq |edition=Reprint |quote=However, the most easily identifiable ancestors |of the later Armenian nation are the Urartians.}}</ref> | established_date4 = 860–590 BC | established_event5 = [[Orontid dynasty]] | established_date5 = 6th century BC | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Greater<br />Armenia]] united under<br />the [[Artaxiad Dynasty]]<ref>{{cite |book |editor1-last=de Laet |editor1-first=Sigfried J. |editor2-last=Herrmann |editor2-first=Joachim |title=History of Humanity: From the seventh century |B.C. to the seventh century A.D. |date=1996 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-92-3-102812-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?|id=WGUz01yBumEC&pg=PA128 128] |edition=1st |quote=The ruler of the part known as Greater Armenia, Artaxias (Artashes), the founder of a new dynasty, |managed to unite the country...}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | established_date6 = 190 BC<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia Americana: Ankara to Azusa |date=2005 |publisher=[[Scholastic Library Publishing]] |page=393 |quote=It was named for Artaxias, a general of Antiochus the Great, who founded the kingdom of Armenia about 190 B.C.}}</ref> | established_event7 = [[Arsacid dynasty of Armenia|Arsacid dynasty]] | established_date7 = 52–428 | established_event8 = [[Bagratid Armenia]] | established_date8 = 885–1045 | established_event9 = [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Kingdom of Cilicia]] | established_date9 = 1198–1375 | established_event10 = [[First Republic of Armenia]] [[Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918)|declared]] | established_date10 = <br />28 May 1918 | established_event11 = [[Independence Day (Armenia)|Independence]] from the [[Soviet Union]] | established_date11 = 21 September 1991 | area_km2 = 29,743 | area_rank = 138th | area_sq_mi = 11,484 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 4.71<ref name="cia-fact">{{cite web|title=The World Fact Book – Armenia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-|factbook/geos/am.html |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |accessdate=17 July 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100719074837/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html |archivedate=19 July 2010 |deadurl=no |df=dmy}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Armenia}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = {{nowrap|{{decrease}} 3,018,854<ref name="Armenia information">{{cite web |url=http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99475033.pdf |title=Statistical Service of Armenia|publisher=Armstat |accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="News.am">{{cite news |title=Armenia Population |url=http://countrymeters.info/en/Armenia |agency=countrymeters.info}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_census_year = 2011 | population_census_rank = 134th | population_density_km2 = 101.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 262.9 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 99th | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$28,282 billion<ref name="IMF GDP">{{cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries and |Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?|sy=2017&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=43&pr1.y=12&c=911&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|work=[[World Economic Outlook]] |Database, April 2018|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|accessdate=17 January 2018|location=Washington, D.C.|date=4 October 2017}}</ref><!--end |nowrap:-->}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2017 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,456<ref name="IMF GDP"/> | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$11,548 billion<ref name="IMF GDP"/>}} | GDP_nominal_year = 2017 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,861<ref name="IMF GDP"/> | Gini = 31.5 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=WB1>{{cite web |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title= Gini index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate= 12 |May 2016}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.743 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |title=Human Development Report 2016 |year=2016 |publisher=United Nations |accessdate=28 September 2017 |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 84th | currency = [[Armenian dram|Dram]]&nbsp;([[Armenian dram sign|֏]]) | currency_code = AMD | time_zone = [[Armenia Time|AMT]] | utc_offset = +4 | drives_on = right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Armenia|+374]] | patron_saint = [[Gregory the Illuminator|St. Gregory]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list |[[.am]] |[[.հայ]]}} }} [[File:Flag_of_Armenia.svg|thumb|]] '''Armania''' waa wadan [[Dhul xiran]] oo ku yaalo, bariga [[Yurub]] iyo galbeedka [[Aasiya]]. Ermeniya: Հայաստան, translit. Hayastan, IPA: [hɑjɑstɑn]), si rasmi ah Jamhuuriyadda Armenia (Erman: ermen: Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, translation. Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun, IPA: [hɑjɑstɑni hɑnɾɑpɛtutʰjun]), waa waddan ku yaal gobolka Koofurta Caucasus ee Eurasia. Waxaa ku yaala galbeedka Aasiya ee ku yaala Jasiiradaha Erman, waxaa xuduud la leh Turkiga galbeedka, Georgia waqooyiga, xaqiiqda madaxbannaan ee Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah iyo Azerbaayadaha bari, iyo Iran iyo Azerbaijan oo ka baxsan Nakhchivan koonfurta. Ergayga Ergaygu waa mid madaxbannaan, badan oo xisbi qaran oo leh dhaqan dhaqameed. Urartu waxaa la aasaasay 860 BC iyo qarnigii 6aad ee BC waxa lagu beddelay Satrapy Armenia. Boqortooyada Armenia waxay gaartay heerkeedii Tigranes ee Weyn ee qarnigii 1aad ee qarnigii 21aadna waxay noqotay waddanka ugu horreeya ee dunida oo dhan lagu dhaqmo diinta rasmiga ah ee dabayaaqada 3aad ama horraantii 4aad AD. Taariikhda rasmiga ah ee aqbalaadda dawlad-goboleedku waa 301. Boqortooyada Ereyga ah ee qadiimka ah ayaa kala qaybisay Byzantine iyo Sasanian Empires wareeggii qarnigii 5aad. Sida ku xusan barxada Bagratuni, Boqortooyada Bagratid ee Armenia waxaa lagu soo celiyay qarnigii 9aad. Diidmada oo ay sababtay dagaallada ka dhanka ah Beniantiin, boqortooyadu waxay ku dhufteen 1045, Ereyga waxaa ugu dambeeyay markii ay soo weerareen Turjubaanka Turki. Ereyga Ereyga ah iyo Boqortooyada Ciliga Armenia waxay ku taallaa xeebta badda Mediterranean intii u dhaxaysay qarniyadii 11aad iyo 14aad. p8s809tjgmvlvm0vpi5tgvtwxpcuuiu 0 5829 298840 288548 2026-06-19T07:25:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Luuq | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Magaalo | motto = | image_skyline = Luuq.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Magaalada Luuq oo ku taal badhtamaha jasiiradda webiga Juba | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta uu ku yaallo gudaha Soomaaliya | pushpin_relief = 1 | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somalia }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Maamulgoboleedka Soomaaliya|Maamul goboleedka]] | subdivision_name2 ={{flag|Jubaland}} | subdivision_type3 = [[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Gedo]] | subdivision_type4 = Caasimada | subdivision_name4 = [[Garbaharey]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 134,000 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | coordinates = {{coord|3|41|53|N|42|35|50|E|region:SO-GE|display=it}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Luuq''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Luuq , [[Af Carabi|Carabi]]: لوق , [[Talyaani]]: Lugh ) waa magaalo ku taal Koonfurta ee gobolka [[Gedo]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]] Waa mid ka mid ah deegaanada qadiimiga ah ee deegaanka. Waa xarunta [[Degmada Luuq|degmada Luuq]] Magaaladu waxay ku taal leexsan wabiga Ganana , halkaas oo marin-biyoodku uu hoos uga soo qulqulo woqooyi ilaa koonfurta qaab kabo faras ah. Luuq waxaa kaloo loo yaqaanaa Luuq Ganaane . ==Dulmar== Magaca Luuq marka laga hadlayo af-soomaaliga waxa uu macnihiisu yahay “luuq” iyadoo loo eegayo halka ay magaalada ku taal deegaan ahaan. Wabiga ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh magaalada iyo agagaarkeeda. Albaabka laga soo galo magaalada ayaa ku yaal meel aan ka badneyn 100 mitir oo jiinka webiga ah ee labada dhinac ee bari iyo galbeed ee magaalada. Meel 4 km u jirta bartamaha magaalada iyo suuqa weyn ee Luuq, wabigu wuxuu mar kale xiray magaalada gabi ahaanba. ==Taariikhda== Markii uu ballaartay ganacsiga xeebaha iyo gudaha ee koonfurta, labadaba magaalo-xeebeedda Banaadir iyo walaasheeda gudaha "magaalada Luuq" ee ku taal Jubbada sare waxay noqdeen meel muhiim ah. Ganacsiga safarrada Bender-Luuq ayaa gobolka koonfureed ee Itoobiya u isticmaali jiray goob dhaqaale oo laga helo badeecadaha cusub iyo kuwa la qiimeeyo sida qaxwaha, dahabka, iyo adoomaha. Dooxooyinka Shabeelle iyo Jubba , soo ifbaxa awoodda siyaasadeed ee gasaargude saldante waxay ku soo beegantay xilli koonfurta uu ka socday ganacsiga safarrada gudaha taasoo kor u qaaday xarumaha magaalooyinka ee gobollada webiyada u dhexeeya. “Soomaalida Ajuuraan waxay dhisteen oo gacanta ku hayaan gobollada xeebta, waxayna dhisteen waddooyin isku xira magaalooyinka gudaha, taasoo sii kordhisay barwaaqada koonfurta Soomaaliya. Markii awoodda siyaasadeed ay korortay, sidaas darteed Ajuuraanku waxay kordhiyeen gacan ku haynta ganacsiga safarrada xeebaha iyo gudaha ee gaaray Itoobiya Magaalooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee suuqa berriga waxaa ka mid ahaa Luuq iyo Baardheere oo ku yaalla webiga Ganana . Dabadeed alaabtii gudaha laga dhoofin jiray ilaa Koonfur Bari Aasiya. ===Casriga hore=== Luuq waxa ay ka mid ahayd magaalooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee Saldanadii Geledi ee ay hogaaminaysay Boqortooyadii Gasaaragude ee ka tirsanayd Federal-ka Geledi ee ka arrimisa Gobolka Jubbada Sare . Luuq waxay ahayd magaalada ugu weyn webiga Jubba , waxayna ahayd xarunta militariga ee boqortooyada. Dhammaan maxaabiista ayaa lagu xiray xabsiga Luuq. Qofkii doonaya inuu ciidanka ka mid noqdo waxaa lagu soo tababaray Luuq. Hubkaas oo dhan waxaa lagu sameeyay Luuq Sida laga soo xigtay kabtan Thomas Smee warbixintiisii ​​1811 ee uu u gudbiyay maamulka British India wuxuu qoray in magaaladu ay ahayd mid aad loo adkeeyay oo waxay lahayd in ka badan 2 kun oo guri oo dhagax ah oo leh masaajido, wadooyin ay ku jiraan daaro, iyo qalcado ku yaal bartamaha Sida laga soo xigtay Scott Rees, muhiimadda ay leedahay maro suuf ah oo gudaha laga sameeyo Futa Benaadir "ayaa ku jirta beddelkeeda". Xarumo ganacsi oo berriga ah oo ku yaalla Jubbaland “oo hore u ahaa goob ganacsi oo aad u kobcaysa, isla markaana ah dad ganacsi iyo kuwo ganacsiba leh” iyo marinnada ganacsiga ee xeebaha gobolka Banaadir, gaar ahaan Baraawe , ayaa laga heli jiray badeecadaha suuqyada gudaha. Gaadiidleyda G/Banaadir ayaa ku hakaday Bale si ay u soo jiitaan badeecooyinka ganacsi ee ka imaanaya gobollada ku xeeran. Kala iibsashada lo'da "kuul qaali ah, naxaas, iyo alaabo tayo wanaagsan" ayaa caan ahaa. Ganacsatadii Luuq “waxa ay gaadheen heer aad u sarraysa oo waxa ay heleen hannaan miisaan iyo cabbir ah oo aad u horumarsan, waxa la heli karayey ammaan, waxaana heshiisyo qoraal ah kala saxeexday ganacsatadii safarkii alaabtooda gudaha u soo geli jiray”. Muhiimada Luuqadu waxay ahayd u ​​dhawaanshaha ay ka jirto gobolada Arsi iyo Boorana . Wax kala iibsiga suuqa ee u dhexeeyay ganacsatada Soomaalida ee ku nool Luuq iyo Oromada ayaa ahaa mid aad u adag marka la eego hababka loo isticmaalo sidii loo heli lahaa maroodi maroodi oo ah badeecada ugu qiimaha badan ee laga keeno gudaha dalka: “Ganacsatada Soomaaliyeed (qabiilka Raxaaweyn) marka hore waxay ahayd in ay maryo suuf ah ku beddelaan lo’da xoolaleyda Oromada. ===Xiliga Gumaysiga=== Luuq waxa ay si dadban gacanta ugu soo gashay talyaanigu 1907dii, danta Talyaanigu ka lahaa magaaladaa waxa ay ahayd mid aad u culus oo ku filnayd in ay xadeeyaan qaybta kaliya ee soohdinta Somaliya iyo Itoobiya si ay Luuq ugu daraan qayb ka mid ah Somaliland Talyaanigu . ===Casri ah=== Xornimadii ka dib 1960-kii, magaalada waxaa laga dhigay xarunta degmada Luuq ee rasmiga ah , waxayna u ahayd xarunta siyaasadda gobolka Gedo . Burburkii Jamhuuriyaddii Dimuqraadiga ahayd ee Soomaaliya 1991-kii ka dib, waxaa Luuq laga furay Maxkamad Shareecada Islaamka ku dhaqma , iyadoo degmada ku xeeran ay noqotay mid ka mid ah gobollada ugu nabdoon Soomaaliya xilligii dagaallada sokeeye Magaalada markii dambe waxaa maamuli jiray Al-Itixaad Al-Islaamiya ilaa ay maamulkeeda ka tuureen ciidamada Itoobiya 1996 - kii March 7, 2011, ciidamada dowladda ku meel gaarka ah iyo maleeshiyaadka huwanta ah ayaa magaalada Luuq ka qabsaday falaagada Al-Shabaab , lamana la kulmin wax iska caabin ah ama wax iska caabin ah Sanadkii 2013, Luuq iyo deegaano kale oo ka tirsan gobolka Gedo ayaa si rasmi ah loogu daray maamulka cusub ee Jubaland ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Luuq waxaa ku nool ilaa 41,000 oo qof Degmada ballaaran ee Luuq waxaa ku nool dad gaaraya 185,703 qof ==Cimilada== Luuq waxay leedahay cimilo saxare ah oo kulul ( Köppen weather classification BWh ). Waxay leedahay laba xilli-roobaad oo aad u gaaban , bilaha Abriil/May iyo Oktoobar/Noofambar, taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay marinnada Aagga Isku-xidhka Kulaylaha . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labadan xilli roobaadyadu waa kuwo aan la isku halayn karin xitaa marka loo eego gobollada kale ee kulul iyo qalalan ee adduunka oo dhan Celceliska heerkulka sare wuxuu dhaafaa 40 °C (104 °F) bisha Maarso, bisha ugu kulul sanadka. Celceliska heerkulka sare ayaa ka sarreeya 33 °C ama 91.4 °F inta lagu jiro Luulyo iyo Agoosto, bilaha ugu kulul sanadka. Celceliska heerkulka hooseeya ayaa had iyo jeer ka sarreeya 20 ° C ama 68 ° F sanadka oo dhan. Celceliska roobabka sannadlaha ahi waa 272 millimitir ama 10.71 inji, magaaladuna waxay heshaa roob sanadle ah oo aad u yar si loo gaaro kala soocida cimilada "semi-emane" . Luuq waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu kulul aduunka sanadka oo dhan iyadoo celceliska celceliska sanadku uu ka sareeyo 30 °C ama 86 °F. Cirku had iyo jeer waa nadiif sanadka oo dhan cimiladuna waa mid aad la isku halayn karo. {{Weather box|location = Luuq |metric first = Y |single line = Y |temperature colour = pastel |Jan high C = 38.6 |Feb high C = 39.6 |Mar high C = 40.5 |Apr high C = 38.3 |May high C = 36.0 |Jun high C = 35.0 |Jul high C = 33.5 |Aug high C = 33.8 |Sep high C = 36.0 |Oct high C = 37.1 |Nov high C = 37.5 |Dec high C = 37.8 |year high C = |Jan mean C = 31.5 |Feb mean C = 32.3 |Mar mean C = 33.2 |Apr mean C = 31.8 |May mean C = 30.3 |Jun mean C = 29.5 |Jul mean C = 28.2 |Aug mean C = 28.2 |Sep mean C = 29.6 |Oct mean C = 30.5 |Nov mean C = 30.5 |Dec mean C = 30.5 |Jan low C = 23.8 |Feb low C = 24.5 |Mar low C = 25.3 |Apr low C = 25.0 |May low C = 24.8 |Jun low C = 23.8 |Jul low C = 23.1 |Aug low C = 22.6 |Sep low C = 23.5 |Oct low C = 23.7 |Nov low C = 23.7 |Dec low C = 23.0 |year low C = |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 1.0 |Feb rain mm = 1.0 |Mar rain mm = 18.0 |Apr rain mm = 82.0 |May rain mm = 52.0 |Jun rain mm = 2.0 |Jul rain mm = 2.0 |Aug rain mm = 1.0 |Sep rain mm = 3.0 |Oct rain mm = 48.0 |Nov rain mm = 50.0 |Dec rain mm = 12.0 |source 1 = Luuq Climate<ref name = CMA >{{cite web |url= http://www.faoswalim.org/subsites/River_Atlas_Files/River_Atlas_Documents/atlas/River_Atlas_Som_Luug_146-157.pdf |title= Luuq Climate |publisher= River Atlas Files |accessdate= 4 November 2011 |archive-date= 5 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141105211521/http://www.faoswalim.org/subsites/River_Atlas_Files/River_Atlas_Documents/atlas/River_Atlas_Som_Luug_146-157.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> |date=November 2011 }} ==Dad xusid mudan== *Maxamed Cumar Saalixi (1952-2021) - Saynis yahan iyo Injineer *Suud Olat waa jilaa Soomaali Mareykan ah, u dhaqdhaqaaqa qaxootiga iyo sheeko-yaqaan. Markii uu lix bilood uun jiray, Sucuud iyo qoyskiisu waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay noloshooda oo dhan ka tagaan oo ay u qaxaan dalka deriska la ah ee Kenya, ka dib markii ay dagaallo sokeeye ka qarxeen waddankiisii ​​Soomaaliya. ==Xusuusin== [https://books.google.com/books?id=fvAABAAAQBAJ&q=Climate+Change+Adaptation+in+Africa%3A+An+Historical+Ecology La qabsiga Isbeddelka Cimilada ee Afrika] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/181253 "Muqdisho Qarnigii Sagaalaad: Aragti Goboleed", Joornaalka Taariikhda Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=rZebQAAACAAJ Fahamka is-burburka Soomaaliya: Aqoonsiga, Islaamka Siyaasadeed iyo Nabadaynta] [https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1149&context=bildhaan "Xasilinta iyo aqoonsiga guud: ka-fiirsashada Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamka iyo Al-Itixaad"] [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2014424654_apafsomalia.html "Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya oo guulo ka sheegtay dagaal uu la galay jabhado"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120830013304/http://af.reuters.com/article/ethiopiaNews/idAFLDE72604720110307?sp=true Ciidamada Soomaaliya iyo Maleeshiyada ayaa laba magaalo ka qabsaday jabhado"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043444/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Jubaland_gains_recognition_after_intense_bilateral_talks_in_Ethiopia_printer.shtml Soomaaliya: Jubaland oo aqoonsi heshay ka dib wadahadalo laba geesood ah oo ka dhacay Itoobiya"] [https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"]{{Reflist}} ==Tixraac== [http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4570300&fid=5775&c=somalia Luuq, Soomaaliya] ttajcr6zgdmhon5ceihuc7scmkgr00f 0 6111 298853 296780 2026-06-19T09:34:41Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Reer Darwiish tree.png|thumb|Abtirsiga reer-Darawiish]] '''Si'iid Harti''' ama '''Reer Khatumo''' ama '''Dhulbahante''' ama '''reer Darawiish''' waa qabiil Soomaaliyeed oo ku xeeran [[SSC-Khatumo state]], iyo ka mid ah [[Harti]] ee beelwaynta [[Daarood]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa |date=1999 |publisher=James Currey Publishers |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=i+m+lewis+daarood+1,000,000#v=onepage |accessdate=18 September 2019|isbn=9780852552803 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |title=Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |date=July 1959 |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=274–293 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis |accessdate=18 September 2019|doi=10.2307/1157617 |jstor=1157617 }}</ref>. Reer-Darawiish wuxuu degaa saddexda gobol ee u dhexeya [[Puntland]] iyo Somaliland [[Sool]] , [[Sanaag]] , iyo [[Cayn]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus V. |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision |date=2015 |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |page=57}}</ref> Dalka Soomaaliya waxay ka degaan jubooyinka, gaar ahaan magaalada [[Kismaayo]].<ref name="PART IV KISMAYO: PEACE-MAKING">{{cite web |last1=Bradbury |first1=M |title=PART IV KISMAYO: PEACE-MAKING |url=https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/122751/bk-somali-conflict-part4-010194-en.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |publisher=Oxfam Library |accessdate=21 September 2019 |archive-date=22 Bisha Saddexaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322143126/https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/122751/bk-somali-conflict-part4-010194-en.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="International Crisis Group">{{cite web |last1=Elder |first1=Claire |last2=Yusuf |first2=Zakaria |title=Jubaland in Jeopardy: The Uneasy Path to State-Building in Somalia |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/somalia/jubaland-jeopardy-uneasy-path-state-building-somalia |publisher=International Crisis Group |accessdate=21 September 2019|date=2013-05-21 }}</ref> Dalka [[Itoobiya]] waxay ka degaan [[Doolow|Soonaha Doolow]] gaar ahaan xaafadaha [[Bookh]], [[Danot (woreda)|Danot]] iyo [[Wardheer]].<ref name="africa.upenn.edu">{{cite web |last1=Bryden |first1=Matt |title=Report on Mission to Haud Area (REGION 5) |url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/eue_web/Haud_gen.htm |publisher=UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME |accessdate=17 September 2019}}</ref> Farcanka beesha reer darawiish wuxuu kuu aasan yahay Badwein.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.faoswalim.org/resources/Land/General_Survey_Somaliland_Protectorate_1944-1950.pdf |access-date=2022-03-23 |archive-date=2019-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921000306/http://www.faoswalim.org/resources/Land/General_Survey_Somaliland_Protectorate_1944-1950.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beeshu waxay caan ku tahay boqortooyada [[Diiriye Guure]] iyo halgankii uu la galey Boqortooyadii Ingriiska iyo dowrkii taariikhiga ahaa ay ka qaadatay taageerida Dhaqdhaqaaqa Darawiishta oo dagaal dhiig badan ku daatay ay la galeen quwadihii gumaysiga [[1899]] ilaa [[1920]].<ref name="Springer">{{cite book |last1=De Vries |first1=Lotje |last2=Englebert |first2=Pierre |last3=Schomerus |first3=Schomerus |title=Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment |date=21 September 2018 |publisher=Springer |page=96}}</ref> Dhaxalkaas awgood, ayaa magaca Daraawiish wuxuu ku dhowaaday in oo la mid noqdo magaca qabiilkan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus V. |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision |date=2015 |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |pages=78–79 |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf}}</ref> ==Qoraal kooban== Magaca beesha Reer-Darawiish oo dhameestiran waa [[Harti|Saciid Saalax Cabdi]] [[Daarood|Maxamed Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil al-Jabarti]] . Dhulka aasaasiga beesha ayaa ah gobolka [[Haud]] iyo [[Dooxada Nugaal]], <ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus V. |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision |date=2015 |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |page=38 |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf}}</ref> qaybaha qabiillada ee kala dega goboladaas ayaa la isugu yeeraa Reer Hawd iyo Reer Nugaal. Xilligan, beeshu waxay leedahay 13 Garaad (ugaasyada beesha). <ref name="declaration">{{Cite web|url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Features_34/Somalia_The_Bo_ame_Declaration_of_Dhulbahante_Clan_Elders.shtml|work=GaroweOnline.com|title=Somalia: The Bo'ame Declaration of Dhulbahante Clan Elders|date=2007-11-22|accessdate=2010-11-24|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219090824/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Features_34/Somalia_The_Bo_ame_Declaration_of_Dhulbahante_Clan_Elders.shtml|archivedate=2011-12-19}}</ref>Garaadka ugu sareeya ee madaxdhaqameedka ayaa ah Garaad [[Jaamac Garaad Cali]] oo ka dhaxlay adeerkiis Garaad [[Cabdiqani Garaad Jaamac]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Connaughton |first1=Stacey L. |last2=Berns |first2=Jessica |title=Locally Led Peacebuilding: Global Case Studies |date=2019 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46elDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=Garaad+Abdulqani+Garaad+Jama,#v=onepage |accessdate=20 September 2019|isbn=9781538114117 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ingiriis |first1=Mohamed H. |title=The Suicidal State in Somalia: The Rise and Fall of the Siad Barre Regime, 1969–1991 |date=2016 |publisher=UPA |page=238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vzi6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=Garaad+Abdulqani+Garaad+Jama,#v=onepage |accessdate=20 September 2019|isbn=9780761867203 }}</ref> Adeegsiga ciwaanka Garaad (ayaa aad ugu baahsan Dhulbahante),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Buur |first1=L |last2=Kyed |first2=K |title=State Recognition and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Dawn for Traditional Authorities? |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vMeHDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176&lpg=PA176&dq=dhulbahante+i+m+lewis#v=onepage |accessdate=21 September 2019|isbn=9780230609716 }}</ref> waxaa markii ugu horaysay daah furay awowgii weynaa ee Garaad Shirshore oo horey ugaas ahaan ugu soo shaqeeyay.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus V. |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland - Contested Borderlands |date=2015 |page=83 |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> ==Siyaasada == Sannadkii 1998, waxay beelaha kale ee Harti la aasaaseen Dawlad goboleedka [[Puntland]] sababo qaraabo wadaag awgood.<ref name="Lund">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDLNDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT301&dq=dhulbahante+sool|title=Rule and Rupture: State Formation Through the Production of Property and Citizenship|last1=Lund|first1=Christian|last2=Eilenberg|first2=Michael|date=2017-05-04|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781119384809|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Höhne |first1=Markus V. |title=Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: Transformation of positions and powers |journal=Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology |page=16 |url=https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0082.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mesfin |first1=Berouk |title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland |journal=Institute for Security Studies |date=September 2009 |page=10 |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111689/P200.pdf}}</ref> Si ku saleysan isir ahaan, xiriirka qabaailada Puntland iyo midnimada soomaaliyeed, ayaa codbixiyaasha Sanaag iyo gaar ahaan reer Sool waxay go’aansadeen inay aad uga yaraayeen aftidii madaxbanaanida iyo dastuurka [[Somaliland]] ee 2001.<ref name="Lund"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Höhne |first1=Markus V. |title=Traditional Authorities in Northern Somalia: Transformation of positions and powers |journal=Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology |page=16 |url=https://www.eth.mpg.de/pubs/wps/pdf/mpi-eth-working-paper-0082.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mesfin |first1=Berouk |title=The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland |journal=Institute for Security Studies |date=September 2009 |page=10 |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/111689/P200.pdf}}</ref> In kasta oo beesha Reer-Darawiish ay ku kala jabtay khilaafkii 2007, iyada oo qaarna la safteen Somaliland iyo ciidamadeeda ee agagaarka Laascaanood , Baaqii Boocame ee 2007 ayaa dhammaan salaadiinta beelaha Reer-Darawiish diiday Ajendaha goosashada Somaliland ayna dalbadeen in laga saaro maleeshiyooyinkeeda dhulka dhaqanka u ah beesha. <ref name="markacadey.net">{{cite press release |title = The Declaration of Clan Elders from Sool, Sanaag and Cayn Regions (North Somalia). |publisher = Declaration of Dulbahante Traditional clan chiefs |date = November 23, 2007 |url = http://www.markacadey.net/main/news.php?readmore=2405 |accessdate = 2007-11-23 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071128023309/http://www.markacadey.net/main/news.php?readmore=2405 |archivedate = November 28, 2007 }}</ref><ref name="jstor.org"/> Qabsashadii Laascaanood ka dib 2007, waxaa soo ifbaxay dhaqdhaqaaq midow oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in Somaliland laga saaro dhulalka Reer-Darawiish. Dhaqdhaqaaqa loogu magac daray Maamulka Midnimada iyo Badbaadinta ee Gobollada [[SSC]] ee Soomaaliya ( Hogaanka Badbaadada iyo midaynta SSC (HBM-SSC )) waxaa hormood ka ahaa [[Saleebaan Ciise Ahxmed]] waxaana la aasaasey 2009.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus V. |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland - Contested Borderlands |date=2015 |pages=81–2 |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Between%20Somaliland%20and%20Puntland%20by%20Markus%20Hoehne%20-%20RVI%20Contested%20Borderlands%20%282015%29%20%281%29.pdf |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> Madax dhaqameedyada ugu muhiimsan ee taageeray Dhaqdhaqaaqa SSC waxaa ka mid ahaa Garaad Jaamac Garaad Cali, Garaad Jaamac Garaad Ismaaciil, iyo Garaad Cali Buraale Xasan<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus V. |title=Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision |date=2015 |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |page=83|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277325164 |accessdate=21 September 2019}}</ref> ==Meelaha ee ku badantahay beesha== Beesha Reer-Darawiish waxay degtaa [[Taleex]] , waxay ku badantahay [[Xuddun]] iyo degmooyinka Laascaanood .<ref>{{cite web|title=EASO Country of Origin Information Report Somalia Security Situation|url=https://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1457606427_easo-somalia-security-feb-2016.pdf|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2020-09-01|archive-date=2016-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615215650/http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1457606427_easo-somalia-security-feb-2016.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Xog ururin laga sameeyay degmada Laascaanood 2011 jawaab bixiyaasha ayaa loo aqoonsaday Reer-Darawiish 92.5% halka 2.5%, 1.5% iyo 1.3% loo aqoonsaday Hawiye , Bantu iyo Isaaq siday u kala horreeyaan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Somali Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention |title=Safety and security District baseline report: Las Anod |date=2011 |pages=15–16 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313854057 |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> Gobolka Sanaag beeshu waxay ka degtaa degmada [[Ceerigaabo]] ayada iyo beesha [[Habar Yoonis]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gebrewold|first1=Belachew|title=Anatomy of Violence: Understanding the systems of conflict and violence in Africa|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Ltd|pages=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLPW6RBUshQC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=sanaag+region+clans#v=onepage|accessdate=14 November 2017|isbn=9781409499213|date=2013-03-28}}</ref> sidoo kale [[Togdheer]], beeshaan ayaa ku badan [[Buuhoodle]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hoehne|first1=Markus V.|title=Borders & Borderlands as resources in the Horn of Africa|pages=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZiSxrTGHMkC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113&dq=buuhoodle+district#v=onepage|accessdate=14 November 2017|isbn=9781847010186|year=2010}}</ref> Degmada Buuhoodle waxaa laga dhigay gobol ka mid ah maamul goboleedka Puntland magaceedana waxaa loo beddelay Cayn sanadkii 2004.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Feyissa |first1=Dereje |last2=Hoehne |first2=Markus V. |title=Borders & Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |page=113 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZiSxrTGHMkC&pg=PA114&lpg=PA114&dq=buuhoodle+district+dhulbahante#v=onepage|isbn=9781847010186 }}</ref> . Sidoo kale ganacsatada Reer-Darawiish waxee degaan Jubaland, magaalada Kismaayo iyo hareeraheeda.<ref name="PART IV KISMAYO: PEACE-MAKING"/><ref name="International Crisis Group"/> Dalka Itoobiya , beesha Reer-Darawiish waxay Gobolka Soomaali galbeed ka degaan aagga Doollow , gaar ahaan xaafadaha [[Bookh]], [[Danot (woreda)|Danot]] iyo [[Wardheer]] . Dalka [[Kenya]] gaar ahaan Gobolka Waqooyi Bari waxaa ku nool beel ku abtirsata Reer-Darawiish.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Raeymaekers |first1=Timothy |title=Violence on the Margins: States, Conflict, and Borderlands |date=27 Aug 2013 |publisher=Springer |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYCYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=dhulbahante+in+kenya#v=onepage |accessdate=20 September 2019|isbn=9781137333995 }}</ref> Reer-Darawiish wuxuu si gaar ah u degay magaalooyinka waqooyiga Soomaaliya ee Laascaanood iyo Buuhoodle .<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoehne |first1=Markus Virgil |title=Diasporic engagement in the educational sector in post-conflict Somaliland: A contribution to peacebuilding? |journal=Diaspeace |page=42 |url=https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/36879/1/DIASPEACE_WP5.pdf |accessdate=20 September 2019}}</ref> Waxaa intaa dheer inay si fiican uga muuqdaan magaalooyinka [[Ceerigaabo]] iyo [[Garoowe]] . ==Tirada beelaha reer darawiish== Tirada beelaha reer darawiish waxaa ah<ref>Xogta haggaanka Khaatumo 2022</ref>: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 align=center style="border:1px solid grey; border-collapse:collapse" |- ! bgcolor=lightgrey | gaashaanbuur ! bgcolor=lightgrey | jiffo ! bgcolor=lightgrey | tirada | bgcolor=white rowspan="14" | [[image: Qabiilka darawiish map.png|380 px]] |- | Ararsame | Reer Hagar, Wacays Adan | 100,000 |- | Bah Ali Gheri | Cigaal Naleeye, Farax Adan, Arale Mahad, Odala | 120,000 |- | Baharsame | | 20,000 |- | Barkad | n/a | 60,000 |- | Jama Siyaad | n/a | 80,000 |- | Naleeye Ahmed | n/a | 120,000 |- | Galool Oriye | Nur Axmed, Wacays Abdullah, Omar Wacays | 120,000 |- | Ugaasyo | Xassan Ugaas, Xamud Ugaas, Hussein Ugaas | 150,000 |- | Reer Aymeed | Ebirar, Mohamed Muse | 60,000 |- | Reer Oodeed | Ahmed Siciid, Abokor | 30,000 |- | Qayaad | n/a | 70,000 |- | Hayaag | n/a | 60,000 |- | Khalid | n/a | 50,000 |- | Yaxye | n/a | 40,000 |- | Reer Xadeed | Hinjiile, Higis, Yonis, Barre | 30,000 |- | Cigaal Naleeye | n/a | 20,000 |- | Odala Samakab | n/a | 20,000 |- | Arale Mahad | n/a | 20,000 |- | Farah Adan Axmed | n/a | 20,000 |- | Helaawe Ali Gheri | n/a | 20,000 |- | Helaan Ali Gheri | n/a | 20,000 |- |} ==Geedka qabiilka== *[[Cabdiraxmaan bin Ismaaciil al-Jabarti]] (Daarood) ** Maxamed Cabdiraxmaan (Kabaalalaah) *** Cbdi Maxamed (Kombe) ****Saalax Cabdi (Harti) *****Saciid Cabdi ('''Reer-Darawiish''') ******Axmed Saciid (Turyar) ******Yoonis Saciid ******Maxamed Saciid ******Xusseen Saciid (Hayaag) ******Muuse Saciid *******Barre Muse *******Cussman Muse (Ebirrar) *******Maxamed Muse *******Abokor Muse *******Cabdale Muse ********Yaxye Cabdale ********Adan Cabdale (Hinjile) ********Habarwa Cabdale *********Khalid Habarwa *********Shirshore Habarwa **********Hamud 'Ugaas' Shirshore **********Xusseen 'Ugaas' Shirshore **********Maxamuud 'Ugaas' Shirshore **********Xassan 'Ugaas' Shirshore ***********Cali Xassan ***********Faarax Xassan ***********Samakab Xassan ***********Khayre Xassan ***********Saalex Xassan ***********Samatar Xassan ***********Geedi Xassan ***********Haaruun Xassan ******Cabdi 'Garad' Shirshore (Qayaad) *******Cumar Cabdi *******Khayr Cabdi ********Ibrahim Khayre ********Cali Khayre ********Cusmaan Khayre ********Waceys Khayre ******Maxamuud 'Garad' Shirshore *******Waceys Maxamuud (Cumar Waceys) *******Saciid Maxauud ********Jamac Saciid *********Samakab Jamac *********Axmed Jamac *********Maxamuud Jamac *********Warfa Jamac ********Maxamed Saciid (Ugadhyahan) *********Aadan Maxamed *********Maxamuud Maxamed *********Samakab Maxamed **********Cabdulle Samakab ***********Waceys Cabdulle ***********Abokor Cabdulle ***********Axmed Cabdulle ************Shirwa Axmed ************Cusmaan Axmed ************Nur Axmed *************Seed Nur *************Samatar Nur *************Yusuf Nur *************Musa Nur *************Samakab Nur (Bihina Cali) *************Ismail Nur (Bihina Cali) *************Hersi Nur *************Mohamed Nur *************Cali Nur ************Naleya Axmed *************Adan Naleya *************Cabdulle Naleya *************Samaad Naleya *************Shirwa Naleya (Bah ina Farax) *************Liban Naleya (Bah ina Farax) *************Yusuf Naleya (Bah ina Farax) *************Cilmi Naleya *************Jibril Naleya ************* Cali Naleya **************Farax Cali (Bah Rikhaaye) **************Maxamed Cali (Bah Rikhaaye) **************Samatar Cali (Bah Rikhaaye) **************Igal Cali (Bah ina Araale) **************Abdi Cali (Bah ina Araale) **************Fahiye Cali (Bah ina Araale) **************Axmed Cali (Bah ina Araale) **************Xuseen Cali (Bah Ina Samatar) **************Yacquub Cali (Bah Ina Samatar) **************Yusuf Cali (Bah Abdulle) **************Cilmi Cali (Bah Abdulle) **************Cumar Cali (Bah Idris) **************Maxamuud Cali (Bah Idris) **************Waceys Cali (Bah Idris) ******Faarax 'Garaad' Shirshore *******Yasin 'Garad' Farax *******Cabdulleh Garad Farax ********Cali 'Garad' Cabdulle ********Maxamed 'Garad' Cabdulle (Bah'ararsame) *********Maxamuud 'Garad' Maxamed (Jabane) **********Maxamed Maxamuud **********Warsame Maxamuud **********Liban Maxamuud **********Sharmarke Maxamuud ********Guleed 'Garaad' Cabdulle (Barkad) *********Cli Gulled *********Amir Gulled *********Maxamuud Gulled ********Bah Ali Gheri *********Samakab Axmed (Odala) *********Egal Axmed *********Warfa Axmed *********Hassan Axmed *********Naleye Ahmed (Egal Naleya) *********Cali'Geri Axmed **********Ismaciil Cali’Geri **********Hersi Ali’Geri **********Shawe Ali’Geri **********Burale Ali’Geri **********Gulled Ali’Geri **********Subaan Ali’Geri *********Adan Axmed **********Farax Adan **********Mahad Adan ********Ararsame **********Waceys Adan **********Hagar Adan ***********Gedi Hagar (Bah Ogaden) ***********Addaad Hagar (Bah Ogaden) ***********Warsame Hagar (Bah Ogaden) ***********Cilmi Hagar (Bah Ogaden) ***********Amir Hagar (Bah Ogaden) ***********Gulled Hagar (Bah Ogaden) ***********Ayaar Hagar (Bah Warsengali) ***********Fatah Hagar (Bah Warsengali) ***********Adan Hagar (Bah Warsengali) ***********Adan Hagar (Bah Warsengali) ***********Farax Hagar (Bah Warsengali) ==Tixraac== {{Template:Beelaha Soomaalida}} 72lv58fz6jb5irsbt94u9d8in3ndqf9 0 7319 298782 298308 2026-06-18T13:37:57Z Robertjamal12 45175 298782 wikitext text/x-wiki Urur goboleedka IGAD Waa midaw ay ku bahoobeen waddamo dhaca [[Geeska Afrika]] ururkaan waxa la aasaasay bishii January ee sanadkii 1986 waxaa xarun u ah oo oo lagu aasaasay, magaalo madaxda [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]], aasaaska ururkan waxa kadanbeeyay madaxweynihii hore ee waddanka Jabuuti [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]]. Waddamada IGAD Ka tirsan waxa lka mid ah [[File:Addis_in_night.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:HargeisaDrone.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Hargeisa Bartamaha magaalada hargaysa oo leh dukaamo ganacsi iyo warshado noocyo badan leh iyo wado wayn oo isku xidha magaalada berbera waxaa la qorsheeyay jid tareen oo isku xidha magaalooyinka hargaysa iyo berbera iyo itoobiya addisa baba]] [[File:DP_World_Berbera_new_Port.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Berbera Somaliland Gobolada dekeda berbera oo leh konteenarada 500,000 oo konteenar sanadkii , aagga dhaqaalaha berbera iyo aagga xeebta berbera iyo warshadaynta som gas]] [[File:Fancy_a_cupper.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Bunka Itobiya 1.3 Bn 2024]] wadamadani waxa ay iska kaashadaan waxyaabo kala duwan sida horumarinta deegaanka , nabadgalyada Isdhexgalka wadamada, badanaa waddamada kubahoobay magaca IGAD waxaa saameeya abaaro iyo dagaallo sokeeye. == Samaynta == Hay'adda Horumarinta ee Dowladaha Hoose waxaa la aasaasay 1996. Waxay ku guuleysatay '''Hay'addii hore ee Dowlad Goboleedyada ee Abaaraha iyo Horumarinta''' (IGADD), [ note 2 ] oo ah hay'ad caalami ah oo ay aasaaseen 1986 Jabuuti, Itoobiya, Soomaaliya, Suudaan, Uganda iyo Kenya, iyadoo diiradda saareysa horumarinta iyo xakamaynta deegaanka. Xarunta dhexe ee IGADD ayaa markii dambe loo raray Jabuuti, ka dib heshiis ay saxiixeen bishii Janaayo 1986 dowladaha xubnaha ka ah. Eritrea waxay ku biirtay ururka 1993, markii ay xorowday. <ref name="Igadau">https://www.iom.int/intergovernmental-authority-development-regional-consultative-process-migration-igad-rcp</ref> Bishii Abriil 1995, Golaha Madaxda Dowladda ayaa ku kulmay [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]], halkaas oo ay ku heshiiyeen in la xoojiyo iskaashiga iyada oo loo marayo ururka. Tan waxaa ku xigay saxiixa Warqadda Wax-ka-beddelka Axdiga/Heshiiska IGADD 21-kii Maarso 1996. IGAD-da Dib-u-soo-nooleysay, oo ah qaab-dhismeed cusub, ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga bilaabay Jabuuti 25-kii Nofembar 1996. <ref name="Igadau2">https://igad.int/the-igad-es-page/</ref> == Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah == === Geeska Afrika === * {{Flag|Djibouti}} (founding member, since 1986) * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} (founding member, since 1986) * {{Flag|Somalia}} (founding member, since 1986) === Dooxada Niil === * {{Flag|South Sudan}} (admitted 2011,<ref>http://www.igad.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=124</ref> suspended December 2021)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120505123658/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE7AO0A820111125</ref> * {{Flag|Sudan}} (founding member since 1986, suspended participation in 2024,<ref>https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/regional-bloc-suspends-south-sudans-membership-over-failure-to-pay-fees-3585922</ref> rejoined 2026)<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/world/sudan-suspends-ties-east-african-bloc-paramilitary-leaders-summit-invitation.amp</ref> === Harooyinka Weyn ee Afrika === * {{Flag|Kenya}} (founding member, since 1986) * {{Flag|Uganda}} (founding member, since 1986) === Dowladaha iskaashiga la leh === IGAD waxay leedahay dowlado la shaqeeya oo ka baxsan Geeska Afrika, Dooxada Niil iyo Harooyinka Weyn ee Afrika si ay uga qayb qaataan shirarka IGAD-RCP si ''aan rasmi ahayn'' . ==Warka== * https://thetaiwantimes.com/fmr-somaliland-ambassador-speaks-with-ttt-summarising-2020-looking-forward-to-2021/ {{Wayback|url=https://thetaiwantimes.com/fmr-somaliland-ambassador-speaks-with-ttt-summarising-2020-looking-forward-to-2021/ |date=20210228134140 }} * htts://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/igad-s-sh250m-mobile-lab-fight-on-covid-3284206 * https://allafrica.com/stories/202102090038.html * https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/5/3/south-sudan-rivals-agree-to-delay-forming-government * https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/japan-extends-34-million-assistance-support-south-sudanese * https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/13/japans-foreign-minister-visits-ethiopia/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/13/japans-foreign-minister-visits-ethiopia/ |date=20201223175847 }} {{Gumud}} [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Afrika]] 4t4nx7pwqa5gkigch6sm5mbmag9ugtv 298783 298782 2026-06-18T13:39:10Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* Warka */ 298783 wikitext text/x-wiki Urur goboleedka IGAD Waa midaw ay ku bahoobeen waddamo dhaca [[Geeska Afrika]] ururkaan waxa la aasaasay bishii January ee sanadkii 1986 waxaa xarun u ah oo oo lagu aasaasay, magaalo madaxda [[Jabuuti (magaalo)|Jabuuti]], aasaaska ururkan waxa kadanbeeyay madaxweynihii hore ee waddanka Jabuuti [[Xasan Guuleed Abtidoon]]. Waddamada IGAD Ka tirsan waxa lka mid ah [[File:Addis_in_night.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:HargeisaDrone.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Hargeisa Bartamaha magaalada hargaysa oo leh dukaamo ganacsi iyo warshado noocyo badan leh iyo wado wayn oo isku xidha magaalada berbera waxaa la qorsheeyay jid tareen oo isku xidha magaalooyinka hargaysa iyo berbera iyo itoobiya addisa baba]] [[File:DP_World_Berbera_new_Port.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Berbera Somaliland Gobolada dekeda berbera oo leh konteenarada 500,000 oo konteenar sanadkii , aagga dhaqaalaha berbera iyo aagga xeebta berbera iyo warshadaynta som gas]] [[File:Fancy_a_cupper.jpg|thumb|right|400px| Bunka Itobiya 1.3 Bn 2024]] wadamadani waxa ay iska kaashadaan waxyaabo kala duwan sida horumarinta deegaanka , nabadgalyada Isdhexgalka wadamada, badanaa waddamada kubahoobay magaca IGAD waxaa saameeya abaaro iyo dagaallo sokeeye. == Samaynta == Hay'adda Horumarinta ee Dowladaha Hoose waxaa la aasaasay 1996. Waxay ku guuleysatay '''Hay'addii hore ee Dowlad Goboleedyada ee Abaaraha iyo Horumarinta''' (IGADD), [ note 2 ] oo ah hay'ad caalami ah oo ay aasaaseen 1986 Jabuuti, Itoobiya, Soomaaliya, Suudaan, Uganda iyo Kenya, iyadoo diiradda saareysa horumarinta iyo xakamaynta deegaanka. Xarunta dhexe ee IGADD ayaa markii dambe loo raray Jabuuti, ka dib heshiis ay saxiixeen bishii Janaayo 1986 dowladaha xubnaha ka ah. Eritrea waxay ku biirtay ururka 1993, markii ay xorowday. <ref name="Igadau">https://www.iom.int/intergovernmental-authority-development-regional-consultative-process-migration-igad-rcp</ref> Bishii Abriil 1995, Golaha Madaxda Dowladda ayaa ku kulmay [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]], halkaas oo ay ku heshiiyeen in la xoojiyo iskaashiga iyada oo loo marayo ururka. Tan waxaa ku xigay saxiixa Warqadda Wax-ka-beddelka Axdiga/Heshiiska IGADD 21-kii Maarso 1996. IGAD-da Dib-u-soo-nooleysay, oo ah qaab-dhismeed cusub, ayaa ugu dambeyntii laga bilaabay Jabuuti 25-kii Nofembar 1996. <ref name="Igadau2">https://igad.int/the-igad-es-page/</ref> == Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah == === Geeska Afrika === * {{Flag|Djibouti}} (founding member, since 1986) * {{Flag|Ethiopia}} (founding member, since 1986) * {{Flag|Somalia}} (founding member, since 1986) === Dooxada Niil === * {{Flag|South Sudan}} (admitted 2011,<ref>http://www.igad.int/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=124</ref> suspended December 2021)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120505123658/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE7AO0A820111125</ref> * {{Flag|Sudan}} (founding member since 1986, suspended participation in 2024,<ref>https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/regional-bloc-suspends-south-sudans-membership-over-failure-to-pay-fees-3585922</ref> rejoined 2026)<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/world/sudan-suspends-ties-east-african-bloc-paramilitary-leaders-summit-invitation.amp</ref> === Harooyinka Weyn ee Afrika === * {{Flag|Kenya}} (founding member, since 1986) * {{Flag|Uganda}} (founding member, since 1986) === Dowladaha iskaashiga la leh === IGAD waxay leedahay dowlado la shaqeeya oo ka baxsan Geeska Afrika, Dooxada Niil iyo Harooyinka Weyn ee Afrika si ay uga qayb qaataan shirarka IGAD-RCP si ''aan rasmi ahayn'' . ==Warka== * https://thetaiwantimes.com/fmr-somaliland-ambassador-speaks-with-ttt-summarising-2020-looking-forward-to-2021/ {{Wayback|url=https://thetaiwantimes.com/fmr-somaliland-ambassador-speaks-with-ttt-summarising-2020-looking-forward-to-2021/ |date=20210228134140 }} * htts://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/igad-s-sh250m-mobile-lab-fight-on-covid-3284206 * https://allafrica.com/stories/202102090038.html * https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/5/3/south-sudan-rivals-agree-to-delay-forming-government * https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/japan-extends-34-million-assistance-support-south-sudanese * https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/13/japans-foreign-minister-visits-ethiopia/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/13/japans-foreign-minister-visits-ethiopia/ |date=20201223175847 }} {{Gumud}} == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Ururada caalamiga ah]] [[Category:Afrika]] gk0dm5t8k0avg8xamremgvgfxwxofh0 0 11715 298781 264712 2026-06-18T12:08:27Z Zafer 10671 Updated + Manager [[İsmail Kartal]] https://t24.com.tr/spor/fenerbahcenin-teknik-direktoru-belli-oldu,1329645?_t=1781777828487 298781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|40|59|16|N|29|02|12|E|display=it|display=title}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Fenerbahçe | image = | upright = 0.8 | fullname = {{lang|tr|Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü}} <br />(Fenerbahçe Sports Club) | short name = {{bulleted list|FB|Fener}} | nickname = ''Sarı Kanaryalar'' (The Yellow Canaries) <br /> ''Sarı Lacivertliler'' (The Yellow-Navy Blues)<br />''Efsane'' (The Legend)<br />''Fener'' (The Beacon of Light) | founded = {{start date and years ago|1907|05|03|df=yes}}<ref>[https://www.fenerbahce.org/kulup/tarihce History of Fenerbahçe]</ref><ref>[https://www.fenerbahce.org/kulup/ataturk-fenerbahce Atatürk ve Fenerbahçe]</ref> | ground = [[Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium]] | capacity = 47,834<ref>[https://www.fenerbahce.org/kulup/tesislerimiz/ulker-stadyumu-fenerbahce-sukru-saracoglu-spor-kompleksi Ülker Stadyumu]</ref> | chairman = [[Aziz Yıldırım]] | chrtitle = President | manager = [[İsmail Kartal]] | mgrtitle = Head coach | league = Super Lig | season = 2023/24 | position = 2nd | | website = https://www.fenerbahce.org/ | pattern_la1 = _fb2223h | pattern_b1 = _fb2223h | pattern_ra1 = _fb2223h | pattern_sh1 = _fb2223h | pattern_so1 = _fb2223h | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = | pattern_la2 = _fb2223a | pattern_b2 = _fb2223a | pattern_ra2 = _fb2223a | pattern_sh2 = _fb2223a | pattern_so2 = _fb2223a | leftarm2 = | body2 = | rightarm2 = | shorts2 = | socks2 = | pattern_la3 = _fb2223t | pattern_b3 = _fb2223t | pattern_ra3 = _fbsk2223t | pattern_sh3 = _fb2223t | pattern_so3 = _fb2223t | leftarm3 = | body3 = | rightarm3 = | shorts3 = | socks3 = }} [[File:FB-GS Seramoni.jpg|thumb|'''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''']] '''Fenerbahce SK''' waa koox-banooni oo ka dhisan magaalada [[Istanbuul]] ee dalka [[Turki]]ga. Fenerbahce waxaa la aasaasay sanadku markuu ahaa 1907kii, waxaa ka ciyaartaa garoonkooda Kadikoy Stadium (sidoo kale waxaa lagu magacaaba garoonka ''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium'') waxa uuna qaadaa in ka badan 51000 oo daawadoyaal ah. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [https://www.fenerbahce.org/ fenerbahce.org/] * [https://us.soccerway.com/teams/turkey/fenerbahce-spor-kulubu/2212/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://www.sofascore.com/team/football/fenerbahce/3052 SOFASCORE] * [https://www.flashscore.com/team/fenerbahce/MsbmracL/ FLASHSCORE] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] [[Category:Turki]] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] fes8d5ikg55q07k75kc48qjy33oqhub 0 17357 298837 232332 2026-06-19T06:56:07Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298837 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan magaalada Kolumbus, Ohio, Maraykanka. Qoraal ku saabsan sahamiyihii reer Yurub fiiri [[Kristoffer Kolombus]]'' {{Infobox settlement |name = Kolumbus, Ohio |official_name = Caasimada Kolumbus |settlement_type = [[Caasimad]] |nickname = Caasimadii la helay,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osln.org/regional/h-b-119-schools-programs/columbus.php |title=Ohio STEM Learning Network / Columbus |accessdate=June 21, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044357/http://www.osln.org/regional/h-b-119-schools-programs/columbus.php |archivedate=29 November 2014 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive }}</ref> Caasimad Weyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisweeknews.com/live/content/bexley/stories/2009/06/17/0618belentz_ln.html|title=A century ago, Columbus was the nation's 'Arch City'|accessdate=June 21, 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718164914/http://www.thisweeknews.com/live/content/bexley/stories/2009/06/17/0618belentz_ln.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbusunderground.com/columbus-was-once-known-as-arch-city/comment-page-1|title=Columbus was once known as 'Arch City'|accessdate=June 21, 2010|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=January 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107034949/https://www.columbusunderground.com/columbus-was-once-known-as-arch-city/comment-page-1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Caasimada Quruxda,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.columbusunderground.com/indie-art-capital-it-s-official | title = Indie Art Capital = It's Official | accessdate = June 21, 2010 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = Bisha Shanaad 14, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110514072921/http://www.columbusunderground.com/indie-art-capital-it-s-official | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Caasimada Lo'da,<ref>Sources for the nickname "Cowtown" include: National Geographic Magazine, March 1998, America's First Highway, pp. 82–99 (By William R. Newcott – ''National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic'' Senior Staff); The Cincinnati Enquirer, February 19, 2008: "Columbus Strives To Build A Big City Reputation" pp. B2 (By Julie Carr Smyth – The Associated Press); The Columbus Dispatch, November 21, 2010: "Despite its attributes, Columbus lacks a catchy moniker" pp. E1-2 (By Joe Blundo); The Columbus Dispatch, August 23, 2011: "She's no longer in Cowtown" People in the News pp. D6 (By Colleen Wright); The Columbus Dispatch, June 1, 1997: "Simply Bovine! Here's a moo-vable feast of cowtown facts and fancies" pp. J1,2 (By Joe Blundo); The Columbus Dispatch, May 11, 1997: "Many feel moved to boo, moo after arena issue loses" pp. 3F (By George Strode); The Columbus Dispatch, September 5, 1998: "So To Speak – Civic self-esteem? We'll let you know after football season" pp. D1 (By Joe Blundo); The Columbus Dispatch, June 30, 1988: "City sleeps, Ocean rocks" (By Steve Wright – Dispatch Popular Music Critic); Columbus Alive, February 2, 2012: "City: Cow-town image lives on at airport" (By John Ross); Columbus Dispatch, February 14, 2012: "People, places make for one great city" pp. A1,7 (By Jeb Phillips); Vinyl Ecstasy – The Second Q-FM-96 Hometown Album – LP Liner Notes 1980 (By Steve Runner – Program Director Q-FM-96); The Columbus Dispatch, April 16, 2006: "Some don't like OSU's new jerseys; others just don't like those who don't" pp. E3 (By Ray Stein); The Columbus Dispatch, June 9, 1989: "Lowly image doesn't seem to bother us" pp. F1 (By Mike Harden); The Columbus Dispatch, March 25, 1994: "Amphitheater without alcohol will draw drugs" pp. A8 (By Jack McEowen); The Columbus Dispatch, March 12, 1994: "Columbus could support sports arena, NHL team" pp. A7 (By Randy Campbell);The Columbus Dispatch, April 7, 2013: "Elite Eight appearance not enough for some Matta critics" pp. C3 (By Ray Stein/J.T. Fermenti);The Columbus Dispatch, July 25, 1989: "Use of cowbells at stadium promotes the cowtown image" pp. 8A (By Lawrence S. O'Connor);The Columbus Dispatch, December 22, 2013: "Checking In - olumbus should have a cow for new year" pp. G1,6 (By Cindy Decker) and The Columbus Dispatc, April 6, 2014: "Blue Jackets' big win warranted bigger presence" pp.C3 (By Ray Stein)</ref> Caasimada ugu Weyn Maraykanka,<ref>{{cite news |last=Gapp |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Gapp |work=Chicago Tribune |date=March 29, 1980 |title=The American City – Challenge of The '80s |pages=1, 10–11}}</ref><ref>The Columbus Dispatch, May 11, 1986: "Progress, growth are not in 'Hicksville' dictionary" pp.B2 (By Bob Young)</ref><ref>The Columbus Dispatch, April 26, 1986: "Bigger is not always better, growth not always progress" pp. 10A (By Brenda Petruzzella)</ref> Cbus<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2014/02/28/like-it-or-not-cbus-now-citys-nickname.html | title = Like it or not, Cbus now city's nickname | accessdate = February 28, 2014 | ciwaan = Nuqul Archive | archive-date = Bisha Saddexaad 5, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140305131132/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2014/02/28/like-it-or-not-cbus-now-citys-nickname.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> |image_skyline = Montage Columbus 1.jpg |imagesize = 200 |image_caption = <small>Kor ilaa midig iyo bidix: [[Columbus, Ohio|Farasmagaalka Kolumbus]], Barxada Caasimada, Haalka Jaamacada (Ohio State University), Waqooyiga Magaalada, Badhtanyare, xarunta Santa Maria</small> |image_flag = Flag of Columbus, Ohio.svg |image_seal = Seal of Columbus, Ohio.svg |image_map = Map of Franklin County, Ohio highlighting Columbus.svg |mapsize = 234px |map_caption = Meesha kaga taalo [[Degmo|Franklin County]] |image_map1 = OHMap-doton-Columbus.svg |mapsize1 = 234px |map_caption1 = Meesha kaga taalo [[Ohio]], Maraykanka |pushpin_map = USA |pushpin_map_caption = Maabka wadanka Maraykanka |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = US-OH |subdivision_type = Wadanka |subdivision_type1 = [[Gobol]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Degmo]]oyinka |subdivision_name = {{flag|USA}} |subdivision_name1 = [[Ohio]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Deegaan|Delaware]], [[Columbus, Ohio|Fairfield]], [[Ohio|Franklin]] |government_type = |leader_title = Duqa-magaalada |leader_name = Michael B. Coleman (Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga) |leader_title1 = Golaha Degmada Kolumbus |leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title = Xubnaha<ref>[http://council.columbus.gov/ "City Council"] {{Wayback|url=http://council.columbus.gov/ |date=20140129162359 }}, City of Columbus.{{Retrieved|accessdate=February 24, 2012}}</ref> |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = <!-- (optional) --> |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 = Andrew Ginther (Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga) |2 = A. Troy Miller (D) |3 = Hearcel F. Craig (D) |4 = Zachary M. Klein (D) |5 = Michelle M. Mills (D) |6 = Eileen Y. Paley (D) |7 = Priscilla R. Tyson (D)}} |established_date = February 14, 1812 <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = <ref name="Gazetteer files"/> |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 577.85 |area_land_km2 = 562.47 |area_water_km2 = 15.38 |area_total_sq_mi = 223.11 |area_land_sq_mi = 217.17 |area_water_sq_mi = 5.94 |area_water_percent = <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[Maraykanka|2010]] |population_est = 835,957 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="2014 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014-3.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=May 21, 2015}}</ref> |population_footnotes = <ref name="FactFinder"/> |population_total = 787033 |population_rank = US: [[Tiro|15aad]] |population_density_km2 = 1399.2 |population_density_sq_mi = 3624.0 |population_urban = 1,368,035 (US: [[36]]aad) |population_metro = 1,967,066 (US: [[32]]aad) |population_blank1_title = [[Tiro|CSA]] |population_blank1 = 2,370,839 (US: [[25]]aad) |population_demonym = Columbusite<ref name="things-youll-never-hear-a-columbusite-say">[http://www.610wtvn.com/onair/must-see-tvn-50480/things-youll-never-hear-a-columbusite-12289848] 610 WTVN</ref> |postal_code_type = ZIP kodh |postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = Zip codes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp|publisher=USPS|title=Zip Code Lookup|accessdate=November 15, 2014}}</ref> |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |43085, 43201-43207, 43209-43224, 43226-43232, 43234-43236, 43240, 43251, 43260, 43266, 43268, 43270-43272, 43279, 43287, 43291}} |area_code = Area code 614 |timezone = [[Wakhti|EST]] |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = [[Wakhti|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -4 |latd= 39 |latm= 59 |latNS=N |longd= 82 |longm= 59 |longEW=W |elevation_m = 275 |elevation_ft = 902 |blank_name = [[Maraykanka|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 39-18000 |blank1_name = [[Juquraafi|Astaanta GNIS]] |blank1_info = 1080996<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref> |website = [http://www.columbus.gov/ City of Columbus] |footnotes = }} '''Kolumbus''', '''Columbus''' ({{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|l|ʌ|m|b|ə|s}}; {{respell|kə|LUM|bəs}}) waa [[caasimad]]a iyo magaalo-madaxda [[gobol]]ka [[Ohio]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Magaaladani waa tan [[15]]aad ee ugu weyn magaalooyinka wadanka Maraykanka,<ref name="columbus-population-keeps-rising">[http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2014/05/22/columbus-population-keeps-rising.html "columbus-population-keeps-rising"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2014/05/22/columbus-population-keeps-rising.html |date=20170730144424 }} Columbus Dispatch. 2014.</ref> taasi oo leh bulsho dhan 835,957 (tirokoob la sameeyay 2014).<ref name="Tiro-koob 2014" /> Kolumbus waa xuddunta deegaanada "Kolumbus metropolitan" taasi oo isku xidha ilaa toban degmo;<ref>[http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2013/04/15/2-counties-added-to-columbus-metro-area.html "2 counties added to Columbus metro area"] Columbus Dispatch. 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2014.</ref><ref name="PopEstCSA">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2013/index.html|title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas|work=2014 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=November 15, 2014|accessdate=November 15, 2014}}</ref> waxaana ku dhaqan dad tiradoodu gaadhayso 2,370,839 taasi oo ka dhigeysa Kolumbus deegaanka labaad ee ugu dadka badan gobolka Ohio,<ref name="PopEstCSA"/> iyo mida afaraad ee ugu shacabka badan wadanka Maraykanka.<ref name="2014 Pop Estimate"/><ref name=MSA>Population in Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Ranked by 2000 Population for the United States and Puerto Rico: 1990 and 2000 (pdf). U.S. Census Bureau. December 30, 2003. Retrieved on 2007-11-20 from http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t29/tab03a.pdf.</ref> [[File:Ohio Country en.png|thumb|left|Maabka deegaanka Kolumbus]] Kolumbus waa fadhiga dowlada [[degmo|degmada Franklin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/county.cfm&id=39049|title=Places in Franklin County, OH|work=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|accessdate=April 13, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616120530/http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=%2Fcffiles%2Fcounties%2Fcounty.cfm&id=39049|archivedate=June 16, 2008|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Magaalada Kolumbus waxay leedahay dhaqaale aad u sareeya kaasi oo ku tiirsan waxbarashada, [[banki]]yada, dalxiiska, soo saarka cuntada, [[wershad]]aha fudud, sameyska [[dhar]]ka, caymiska, teknoolojiyada sida [[internet]]ka, xayaysiiska iyo iidhehda, fayshanka, soo saarida [[bir]]ta iyo laxaamada, [[cilmi]]baadhista [[caafimaad]]ka, dhakhtarada iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan. Sidoo kale magaaladan waxay saldhig u tahay mahcadka Battelle Memorial oo ah midka ugu weyn dunida ee sameeya iyo soo saara iskudarka kimikada aduunka, xarunta NetJets oo iyadna ah [[shirkad]]a ugu weyn aduunyada ee samaysa qeybaha iyo xubnaha [[diyaarad]]aha dheereeya ee lo yaqaano "Jets"ka. Waxaa intaas dheer, Kolumbus Ohio waa xarunta sare ee shirkadaha waaweyn ee "Fortune500" taasi ooy hoosgalaan Shirkada Caymiska ee Mutual, Amerikan Electric Power, L-Brands, Big Lots, Cardinal Health iyo kuwo kale.<ref name="Fortune 500">[http://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/morning_call/2013/05/5-central-ohio-companies-make-fortune.html "Fortune 500 features 5 Central Ohio companies, down from 6 last year"], Columbus Business First. 2013. Retrieved June 25, 2013.</ref> [[File:Old Columbus City Hall.jpg|thumb|left|Dhismayasha qadiimiga ah ee magaalada Kolumbus]] Sidoo kale, Kolumbus Ohio waxay xarun sare u tahay shirkada cuntada degdega ah ee Wendy's, White Castle iyo kuwo kale. Sanadkii 2012ka, waxaa Kolumbus lagu magacaabay ineey ka mid tahay 50-ka magaalo ee ugu wanaagsan wadanka Maraykanka, marka laga hadlayo dhaqaalaha, amaanka, adeega dowlada, shaqooyinka iyo wixii la hal maala.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2012-09-26/americas-50-best-cities#slide32 |title=America's 50 Best Cities – The Best Places to Live – Business Week |publisher=Images.businessweek.com |accessdate=March 15, 2013 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127085710/http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2012-09-26/americas-50-best-cities#slide32 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sidoo kale, sanadkii 2013ka waxaa Kolumbus loo aqoonsaday inay ka mid tahay 10ka magaalo ee ugu ganacsiga fiican wadanka ayadoo la sheegay in qorshaha dowlad degmadaasi taageerto koritaanka iyo hanaqaadka ganacsiga yaryar iyo kan kaleba.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/pictures/lml45eelld/columbus-ohio/ "Columbus, Ohio"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.forbes.com/pictures/lml45eelld/columbus-ohio/ |date=20170914082239 }}, Forbes. Accessed June 25, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Best Places For Business and Careers - Forbes|url=http://www.forbes.com/best-places-for-business/|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=16 January 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120828003825/http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/10/columbus-milwaukee-houston-ent-tech-cx_wp_0310smallbizoutlooktechcity.html "Top 10 Up-And-Coming Tech Cities"], William Pentland. ''Forbes Magazine''. March 10, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2010.</ref><ref name=MM /><ref name=CBJ /><ref name=OHEQ />.<ref name=TG /> =Taariikh= [[File:Columbus-ohio-skyline.jpg|thumb|left|Xarunta dowlada magaalada Kolumbus]] Deegaanka maanta loo yaqaano Kolumbus waxaa wakhtiyada qaar loo yaqaanay Degmada Ohio (Ohio County),<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=eIJtFPirzr8C&dq "The testing grounds of modern empire: the making of colonial racial order in the American Ohio country and the South African Eastern Cape, 1770s–1850s"], Christoph Strobel. Peter Lang, 2008. ISBN 1-4331-0123-8, ISBN 978-1-4331-0123-6. p. 22</ref> midaasi ooy maamuli jireen [[Faransiiska|maamulkii Faransiiska]] ee [[Ameerika]] ee lagu magacaabi jirey "Faransiiska Cusub" (New France). Wakhti ka dib, waxaa deegaankaasi ku soo jabay ganacsatadii reer [[Yurub]] ee ku sugnaa [[Waqooyiga Ameerika]], kuwaasi oo inta badan daneeynayay [[dhogor]]ta iyo [[cudbi]]ga deegaankasi qaniga ku ahaa.<ref>[http://explorepahistory.com/story.php?storyId=6&chapter=1 "Chapter One: The Anglo-French Contest for the Ohio Country"], Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Retrieved September 10, 2010.</ref> [[File:Waterford Tower in front of Miranova Condominiums.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Dhismayaasha magaalada Kolumbus]] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, deegaanka Kolumbus waxaa la bilaabmey dagaalo adag oo dhexmaraayay dadkii deegaanka asal ahaan u degnaa ee [[Hindida Cas]] iyo gumaystihii reer Yurub ee dhulkaas ku soo fidayay. Waxaa sidoo kale xurguf ka dhexaysay cidii ka talin lahayd deegaanka taasi oo ciidamada Faransiiska gacanta ugu jirtey.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=jfxdH5pslt4C&pg "The ambiguous Iroquois empire: the Covenant Chain confederation of Indian tribes with English colonies from its beginnings to the Lancaster Treaty of 1744"] - Francis Jennings. W. W. Norton & Company, 1990. ISBN 0-393-30302-0, ISBN 978-0-393-30302-5. p. 351.</ref> =Muuqaalka Magaalada= <gallery> File:Arena District Columbus11.jpg|Xaafada Arena File:House in Brewery District, Columbus, Ohio.jpg|Xaafada Brewery File:Walhalla-Ravine.jpg|Xaafada Clintonville File:Columbus-ohio-skyline.jpg|[[Columbus, Ohio|Farasmagaalka Kolumbus (Downtown)]] File:East Broad Street Historic District.jpg|Bariga Kolumbus File:AMCEaston.JPG|Xaafada Easton File:ForestParkEntrance ColumbusOhio.jpg|Beerta Forest Park File:Ftonplaque.jpg|Xaafada Franklinton File:German Village-2005-07-02-IMG 4527.jpg|Xaafada German Village File:HWnew.jpg|[[Harrison Galbeed File:Columbus Italian Village1.jpg|Italian Village File:Ltheatre.jpg|Xaafada King-Lincoln Bronzeville File:MVsign.jpg|Merion Village File:Columbus Near East Side Historic District-Parsons A NRHP 78002063.jpg|Xaafada Near East Side File:Alrosa Villa Columbus Ohio USA.jpg|Northland File:OOchurch.jpg|Xaafada Old Oaks File:OTEhome.jpg|Xaafada Olde Towne East File:The Short North-2005-07-03-IMG 4557.jpg|Xaafada Short North File:University Hall OSU March.JPG|[[Jaamacad|Degmada Jaamacada]] File:Columbus-ohio-high-street-night.jpg|Uptown File:Frick.jpg|Xaafada Victorian Village </gallery> [[File:Columbus-ohio-skyline-panorama.jpg|1100px|thumb|Muuqaalka guud ee magaalada Kolumbus]] =Magaalooyinka Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] pz6lo2jhss4gmjc5wy4qqz7pqwelgol 0 17359 298845 298313 2026-06-19T08:10:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Mayami, Florida | official_name = Caasimada Mayami | settlement_type = [[Caasimad]] | image_skyline = Miami collage 20110330.jpg | image_alt = A collage of images of Miami. | image_caption = Ka so biloow kor, bidix ilaa midig: Dhismaha dheer [[Mayami|Farasmagaalka Mayami (Downtown)]], Freedom Tower, Villa Vizcaya, Miami Tower, [[Xeeb|Xeebta Virginia Key]], Xarunta hidaha iyo dhaqank Adrienne, [[Diyaarad|AmericanAirlines Arena]], [[Dekad|Dekada Miami]], Dayaxa ka muuqda Miami | image_flag = Flag of Miami, Florida.svg | image_seal = Seal of Miami, Florida.svg | nickname = "Caasimada Sirta," "Albaabka America," "Caasimada Latin America"<ref name="time.com"/> | image_map = Miami-Dade County Florida Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Miami Highlighted.svg | map_caption = Meesha ku taalo [[Miyami|Miami-Dade County]] iyo gobolka Florida | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_label = Miami | pushpin_map_caption = Meesha kaga taalo Maraykanka | latd = 25 | latm = 46| lats = 31| latNS = N | longd = 80 | longm = 12| longs = 32| longEW = W | coordinates_display = d | coordinates_region = US-FL | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = [[Maraykanka]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobol]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Florida]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Degmo]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Miyami|Miami-Dade]] | established_title = La degay | established_date = 1825 | established_title2 = [[Dowlad]]a-hoose | established_date2 = Luuliyo 28, 1896 | named_for = Mayaimi | government_type = Duqa-magaalada | leader_party = [[Jamhuuriya]] | leader_title = Duqa-magaalada | leader_name = Tomás Regalado | leader_title2 = Xoghayaha Caasimada | leader_name2 = Daniel J. Alfonso | unit_pref = US | area_footnotes = <ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> | area_total_sq_mi = 55.27 | area_land_sq_mi = 35.68 | area_water_sq_mi = 19.59 | area_urban_sq_mi = 1,116.1 | area_metro_sq_mi = 6137 | elevation_ft = 6 | elevation_max_ft = 42<!--Miami-Dade County metro--> | population_footnotes = <ref name=censuspop>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1&prodType=table|title=American Factfinder, Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010|publisher=US Census Bureau|accessdate=October 21, 2011}}</ref><ref name="American Community Survey">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111028193609/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=40000US56602&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=3308&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format= American Community Survey] Miami Urbanized Area (2008 estimate)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/2000s/vintage_2009/city.html|title=Population Estimates|publisher=|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2009/tables/SUB-EST2009-01.csv "2009 City Estimates"], US Census Bureau. (CSV format)</ref> | population_total = 399,457 | population_as_of = [[Maraykanka|2010]] | population_rank = [[Tiro|44aad, U.S.]] | population_est = 417,650 | pop_est_as_of = 2013 | population_density_sq_mi = 11,135.9 | population_urban = 5,502,379 ([[4]]aad U.S) | population_metro = 5,564,635 ([[8]]aad U.S) | population_demonym = Miamian | timezone1 = [[Wakhti|Wakhtiga Bari (EST)]] | utc_offset1 = -5 | timezone1_DST = [[UTC|EDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = -4 | postal_code_type = ZIP Kodh | postal_code = 33010–33299 | area_code = Area code 305, Area code 786 | website = {{URL|miamigov.com}} | footnotes = }} '''[[Mayami]]''', '''Miami''' ({{IPAc-en|m|aɪ|ˈ|æ|m|i}}; ([[Isbayn|Af-Isbaanish]]: ''maiˈami'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcastellano.org/consultas.php?Op=ver&Id=28169|title=Miami|accessdate=March 12, 2014}}</ref>) waa [[magaalo]] ku taala [[Badweynta Atlaantik]] ee [[xeeb]]aha koonfurbari [[gobol]]ka [[Florida]] wadanka [[Maraykanka]]. Magaalada Miami waa fadhiga dowlada [[degmo|degmada Mayami-Dale]] ee maamusha deegaano badan oo ka tirsan gobolka Foloriida. Marka la xisaabinayo dadka iyo shacabka, magaalada Mayaami waa mida [[44]]aad ee ugu dadka badan wadanka Maraykanaka, waxayna leedahay shacab dhan 417,650 (tiro-koobtii 2013ka0.<ref>edr.state.fl.us/Content/population-demographics/data/FLmupops_2013.xls</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv|title = http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv|format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]]|work = 2009 Population Estimates|publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]]|date = July 1, 2009|accessdate = 5 September 2015|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|archive-date = 26 Bisha Saddexaad 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100326160039/http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/files/2009/CBSA-EST2009-alldata.csv|dead-url = unfit}}</ref> Marka lagu daro deegaanada nawaaxiga ee hoosyimaada dowlad hoose ee Mayaami Metropolitan waa mida [[8]]aad ee ugu dadka badan liiska dalka Maraykanaka, taasi oo leh dad gaadhaya 5.5 milyan bulsho ah.<ref name=PopEstCBSA>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2012/tables/CBSA-EST2012-01.csv|title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]]|work=2012 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=March 2013|accessdate=March 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas]. (PDF).</ref> [[File:Miami Freedom Tower by Tom Schaefer 3.jpg|thumb|left|Dhismaha Freedom Tower ee la dhisay 1925kii ee badhtamaha Mayaami.]] Mayaami waa xarun iyo hogaanka dhaqaalaha, [[ganacsi]]ga, dhaqanka, madadaalada, farshaxanka, waxbarashada iyo ganacsiga caalamiga ah.<ref name=GAWC>{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2008|publisher=Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network, [[Loughborough University]]|accessdate=March 3, 2009|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811203314/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html|title=Inventory of World Cities|publisher=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network|accessdate=December 1, 2007|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Tobnaad 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sanadkii 2012ka waxaa la isla afgartey in magaalada Miyaami tahay Caasimad Aduunka ah (Alpha World City).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html|title=GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2012|publisher=|accessdate=August 10, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320212149/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2012t.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Xaga dhaqaalaha magaalada Miyaami waxaa lagu sheegay ineey tahay magaalada [[7]]aad ee ugu dhaqaalaha badan magaalooyinka wadanka Maraykanka, sidoo kale waa magaalada [[33]]aad ee caalamka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401|title=The Global Cities Index 2010|accessdate=5 September 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=19 Bisha Sideedaad 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819193903/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/node/373401|dead-url=unfit}}</ref> [[File:Mouth of Miami River 20100211.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaalka dhismayasha magaalada Mayami]] Magaalada Mayaami waxay caan ku tahay [[xeeb]]aha quruxda badan iyo [[cimilo|cimilada]] [[kul]]ul sanadka oo dhan, taasi oo noqotey mid aad u soo jiidata dalxiisayaasha wadanka dhexdiisa iyo dibadiisaba.<ref name="Van Riper">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/business/2008/03/17/miami-seattle-orlando-biz-logistics-cx_tvr_0317cleanest.html|title=America's cleanest cities|last=Van Riper|first=Tom|date=March 17, 2008|work=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=February 23, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529143525/http://www.forbes.com/2008/03/17/miami-seattle-orlando-biz-logistics-cx_tvr_0317cleanest.html|archivedate=May 29, 2010}}</ref> Magaalada Mayaami waxaa ku dhaqan dad aad u badan oo leh dhaqano kala duwan oo matala meelo badan oo dunida ah. Waxaanay magaaladani ku caan tahay madadaalada iyo dalxiiska.<ref name="City Mayors">{{cite web|url=http://www.citymayors.com/economics/usb-purchasing-power.html|title=City Mayors: World's richest cities by purchasing power|publisher=[[City Mayors]]|accessdate=September 19, 2009}}</ref> Sidoo kale, Mayaami waxaa lagu magacaaba "Caasimada Latin Ameerika" sababtoo ah waxaa ku dhaqan tiro aad u badan oo dad ka soo jeeda wadanada [[Ameerika|Laatiin Ameerika]],<ref name="time.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html|work=Time|title=Miami: the Capital of Latin America|date=December 2, 1993|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 6, 2015|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813065922/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979733,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> waxaana loo aqoonsan yahay magaalada labaad ee ugu badan dadka ku hadla [[Isbayn|Isbaanishka]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Language Use in the United States: 2011|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf|publisher=American Community Survey Reports|accessdate=February 19, 2015}}</ref> sidoo kale waa magaalada ugu badan eey ku dhaqan yihiin dadka ka soo jeeda wadanka [[Kuuba]].<ref name="autogenerated1">U.S. Census, 2010 (Ethnicity) and Census American Community Survey 2008 (language).</ref> [[File:Miamihighpoint.jpg|thumb|left|Muuqaal magaalada]] Farasmagaalka magaalada Mayaami waxay xarun u tahay qaar ka mid ah [[shirkad]]aha ugu waaweyn wadankan Maraykanka; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[banki]]yo caalami ah, xarumo [[cilmi]]baadhis, [[caafimaad]], biotechnology, teknoolojiyad, goobo madaalo, iyo shirkadaha dalxiiska [[xeeb]]aha iyo [[bad]]aha<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090701071938/http://www.nestseekers.com/Neighborhood/3059/Brickell/Sales Nest Seekers International]. Nestseekers.com. Retrieved on 5 September 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.madduxco.com/brickell.htm Brickell – Downtown Miami, Florida] {{Wayback|url=http://www.madduxco.com/brickell.htm |date=20160113152721 }}. Madduxco.com. Retrieved on October 8, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/ Miami-Dade.gov Port of Miami]. Miamidade.gov. Retrieved on October 8, 2012. {{wayback|url=http://www.miamidade.gov/portofmiami/ |date=20150809225613 }}</ref><ref name="Port of Miami">[http://gomiami.about.com/od/cruisingportofmiami/a/cruiselines.htm Cruise lines departing from the Port of Miami] {{Wayback|url=http://gomiami.about.com/od/cruisingportofmiami/a/cruiselines.htm |date=20150628233320 }}. Gomiami.about.com (April 10, 2012). Retrieved on October 8, 2012.</ref> [[File:Microsoft logo.svg|thump|right|135px|MS Wnds.|Dn’tRmvpl. {{Flag|France}}]] =Muuqaalka Miyami= <gallery> File:Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse (Miami, Florida).jpg|Farasmagaalka magaalada Mayami File:Biscayne Boulevard night 20101202.jpg|Dhismayaasha ugu caansan magaalada File:Miamisummershower.png|muuqaal magaalada oo roob da'ayo File:Plymouth Congregational Church in Miami.jpg|Meelaha ugu qadiimsan magaalada File:Brickell1.JPG|Meheradaha ugu waaweyn magaalda degan File:Miamimanhattanizationdowntown.jpg|Fiditaanka iyo dib u cusboonaysiinta Mayami File:Port_of_Miami_20071208.jpg|Dalxiiska iyo maraakiibta quruxda badan File:Miami_Civic_Center_20100619.jpg|Xaafada bari File:Knightconcerthall.jpg|Xarunta hidaha iyo dhaqanka File:Ultra Music Fest 2010.jpg|Mayaami iyo habeenkii [[File:Microsoft logo.svg|thump|right|135px|MS Wnds.|Dn’tRmvpl. {{Flag|France}}]] </gallery> [[File:Moon over Miami.png|830px|thumb|center|]] [[File:Downtown Miami Panorama from the Rusty Pelican photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|830px|thumb|center|]] [[File:Miamiskyline20080113.png|860px|thumb|center|]] [[File:DowntownMiamiPanorama.jpg|1030px|center|]] =Magaalooyinka Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] 3faa87wtp8mmp98nltyfdayz8jv5nf2 0 17366 298794 295177 2026-06-18T16:02:50Z Jmabel 46123 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Pier 5 and the Power Plant Building in SE Baltimore by D Ramey Logan.jpg]] → [[File:Pier 5 and the Power Plant Building in SE Baltimore by Don Ramey Logan.jpg]] [[c:Special:PermanentLink/1232765674#Mass_rename_requested]] 298794 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan magaalada Baltimore, Maryland, Maraykanka. {{Infobox settlement |name = Baltimore, [[Maryland]] |official_name = Caasimada Baltimore |settlement_type = [[Caasimad|Caasimada Madaxbanaan]] |nickname = Caasimada Degan,<ref name=nicknames>{{cite web |url=http://www.redorbit.com/news/business/511672/baltimores_new_bait_the_city_is_about_to_unveil_a/index.html |title=Baltimore's New Bait: The City is About to Unveil a New Slogan, 'Get In On It,' Meant to Intrigue Visitors |accessdate=November 28, 2008 |last=Donovan |first=Doug |date=May 20, 2006|work=The Baltimore Sun}}</ref> Mobtown,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypaper.com/arts/story.asp?id=9176|title=Mob Rules|last=Smith|first=Van|date=October 6, 2004|work=Baltimore City Paper|accessdate=January 24, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090112080752/http://www.citypaper.com/arts/story.asp?id=9176| archivedate= January 12, 2009 | deadurl= no}}</ref> B'more,<ref>{{Cite news | last=Kane | first=Gregory | url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columns/gregory-kane/Dispatch-from-Bodymore-Murderland-48061142.html | work=Washington Examiner | title=Dispatch from Bodymore, Murderland | date=June 15, 2009 | ciwaan=Nuqul Archive | access-date=September 7, 2015 | archive-date=January 17, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117090911/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columns/gregory-kane/Dispatch-from-Bodymore-Murderland-48061142.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref> Dhulkii Nolosha Raaxada Leh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypaper.com/search/bcp-cms-1-1212892-migrated-story-cp-20111005-featu-20111005,0,7897129.story |publisher=City Paper |title=Hugh Sisson brought the brewpub to Baltimore. Then he really learned about the beer business |date=October 5, 2011 |author=Jenn Ladd }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Caasimada ugu Horaysa,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mht.maryland.gov/heritageareas_baltimore.html |title=Baltimore Heritage Area|accessdate=March 30, 2011 |publisher=Maryland Historical Trust |date=February 11, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimore.org/about-baltimore/baltimore-firsts/|title=Baltimore: A City of Firsts|work=Visit Baltimore|accessdate=March 30, 2011|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=March 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316030004/http://baltimore.org/about-baltimore/baltimore-firsts|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Caasimada Taarikhiga,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypaper.com/bob/story.asp?id=10574 |title=Best Monument |accessdate=September 19, 2007 |date=September 21, 2005 |work=2005 Baltimore Living Winners |publisher=Baltimore City Paper | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012081217/http://citypaper.com/bob/story.asp?id=10574| archivedate= October 12, 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Ravenstown,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://preview.baltimoreravens.com/Ravenstown/Ravenstown.aspx |title=Ravenstown |accessdate=June 7, 2008 |publisher=Baltimore Ravens |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=July 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723122211/http://preview.baltimoreravens.com/Ravenstown/Ravenstown.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref>Caasimada Jirta<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baltimorecitypolicehistory.com/citypolice/baltimore-fun-facts.html|title=Baltimore Fun Facts: Historical Trivia|accessdate=January 4, 2013|publisher=Baltimore City Police|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324082504/https://baltimorecitypolicehistory.com/citypolice/baltimore-fun-facts.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |motto = "Caasimada ugu wacan Ameerika",<ref name=nicknames /> "Kaalay oo hel.",<ref name=nicknames /> "Caasimada wax akhrida",<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maestretti|first1=Danielle|title=Baltimore: The City That Reads|url=http://www.utne.com/media/baltimore-the-city-that-reads.aspx#axzz35wXaAdIu|publisher=UTNE Reader|accessdate=June 28, 2014}}</ref> "Aamin"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/02/us/in-baltimore-slogan-collides-with-reality.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=In Baltimore, Slogan Collides with Reality|work=The New York Times|date=September 2, 2003|author=Jeffrey Gettleman}}</ref> |image_skyline = BaltimoreC12.png |imagesize = |image_caption = Farasmagaalka Baltimore, Emerson Bromo-Seltzer Tower, Pennsylvania Station, M&T Bank Stadium, (Ravens Stadium), [[Dekad|Gudaha Dekada]] iyo [[biyo|Xarunta Biyo ku noosha Baltimore]], Haalka caasimada Baltimore, [[George Washington|Taalada Washington]] |image_map = Map of Maryland highlighting Baltimore City.svg |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = Meesha ka dhacdo Baltimore [[Maryland|gobolka Maryland]] |image_flag = Flag of Baltimore City.svg |image_seal = Seal of Baltimore, Maryland.svg |pushpin_map = USA |pushpin_label = Baltimore |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_mapsize = 550 |pushpin_map_caption = Meesha kaga taalo [[Maraykanka]] |coordinates_region = USA |subdivision_type = Wadanka |subdivision_type1 = [[Gobol]]ka |subdivision_type2 = [[Caasimad]] |subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States|name=United States of America|size=23px}}}} |subdivision_name1 = Maryland |subdivision_name2 = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Baltimore, Maryland.svg|size=23px}} Baltimore |established_title = La aasaasay |established_date = 1729 |established_title2 = Dowlad-hoose |established_date2 = 1796–1797 |established_title3 = [[Caasimad|Caasimad Madaxbanaan]] |established_date3 = 1851 |named_for = Sesilius Kalvert, (1605–1675) |government_type = Golaha Duqa-magaalada |governing_body = Golaha Dowlada Hoose Baltimore |leader_title = [[Baltimore, Maryland|Duqa-magaalada]] |leader_name = Stephanie C. Rawlings-Blake (D) |leader_title1 = [[Degmo|Goalaha Degmada Caasimada]] |leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title = Xubnaha Golaha |bullets=yes |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style= text-align:left;display:yes; |1= Bernard C. Young (Madaxweyne) |2= James B. Kraft (1) |3= Brandon M. Scott (2) |4= Robert W. Curran (3) |5= Bill Henry (4) |6= Rochelle "Rikki" Spector (5) |7= Sharon Green Middleton (6) |8= Nick Mosby (7) |9= Helen L. Holton (8) |10 = William "Pete" Welch (9) |11 = Edward L. Reisinger (10) |12 = William H. Cole IV (11) |13 = Carl Stokes (12) |14 = Warren Branch (13) |15 = Mary Pat Clarke (14) }} |leader_title2 = [[Baltimore, Maryland|Aqalka Wakiilada]] |leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = Delegates|bullets=yes |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:left;display:yes; |1 = Frank M. Conaway, Jr. (40) |2 = Antonio Hayes (40) |3 = Barbara A. Robinson (40) |4 = Jill P. Carter (41) |5 = Nathaniel T. Oaks (41) |6 = Samuel I. Rosenberg (41) |7 = Curt Anderson (43) |8 = Maggie McIntosh (43) |9 = Mary L. Washington (43) |10 = Keith E. Haynes (44A) |11 = Talmadge Branch (45) |12 = Cheryl Glenn (45) |13 = Cory V. McCray (45) |14 = Luke Clippinger (46) |15 = Peter A. Hammen (46) |16 = Brooke Lierman (46) }} |leader_title3 = [[Maraykanka|Xubnaha Guurtida]] |leader_name3 = {{Collapsible list |title = State senators|bullets=yes |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style= text-align:left;display:yes; |1 = Catherine E. Pugh (40) |2 = Lisa A. Gladden (41) |3 = Joan Carter Conway (43) |4 = Shirley Nathan-Pulliam (44) |5 = Nathaniel J. McFadden (45) |6 = Bill Ferguson (46) }} |leader_title4 = [[Baarlamaan|Aqalka Baarlamaanka]] |leader_name4 = {{Collapsible list |title = Representatives|bullets=yes |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:left;display:yes; |1 = Dutch Ruppersberger (2) |2 = John Sarbanes (3) |3 = Elijah Cummings (7) }} |unit_pref = Imperial |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = 92.1 |area_land_sq_mi = 80.9 |area_water_sq_mi = 11.1 |area_water_percent = 12.1 |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_footnotes = <ref name="gazetteer" /> |elevation_footnotes = <ref name=elevation>{{cite web |url={{Gnis3|0597040}} |title=USGS detail on Baltimore |accessdate=October 23, 2008}}</ref> |elevation_ft = 33 |elevation_m = 10 |population_as_of = [[Baltimore, Maryland|2010]] |population_est = 622793 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="2014 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014-3.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 24, 2015}}</ref> |population_footnotes = <ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 13, 2014}}</ref> |population_total = 620961 |population_rank = US: [[26]]aad |population_urban = 2,203,663 (US: [[19]]aad) |population_metro = 2,785,874 (US: [[20]]aad) |population_blank1_title = [[Maraykanka|CSA]] |population_blank1 = 9,443,180 (US: [[4]]aad) |population_density_sq_mi = 7,671.5 |population_density_km2 = 2,962.6 |population_blank2_title = Shacabka |population_blank2 = Baltimorean |timezone = [[Wakhti|EST]] |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = [[UTC|EDT]] |utc_offset_DST = -4 |latd= 39 | latm= 17 | latNS=N |longd= 76 | longm= 37 | longEW=W |coordinates_type = type:city(650000)_region:US |coordinates_display = inline,title |postal_code_type = ZIP Kodh |postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = Zip codes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp|publisher=USPS|title=Zip Code Lookup|accessdate=October 13, 2014}}</ref> |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |21201–21231, 21233–21237, 21239–21241, 21244, 21250–21252, 21263–21265, 21268, 21270, 21273–21275, 21278–21290, 21297–21298}} |area_code = Area code 410, Area code 443, Area code 667 |blank_name = [[Baltimore, [[Maryland]]|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 24-04000 |blank1_name = [[Juquraafi|Astaanta GNIS]] |blank1_info = 0597040 |website = [http://www.baltimorecity.gov/ City of Baltimore] |footnotes = }} '''Baltimore''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɔː|l|t|ɨ|ˌ|m|ɔr}}) waa [[magaalo|magaalada]] ugu weyn [[gobol]]ka [[Maryland]] ee wadanka [[Maraykanka]], waa magaalada [[26]]aad ee ugu [[dad|shacabka]] badan leh, iyo [[caasimad]] ugu weyn ee madaxbanaan. Caasimada Baltimore waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1729kii, waana [[dekad]]a labaad ee ugu weyn [[gobol]]ada xiga [[Badweynta Atlaantik]].<ref name=Hughes>{{cite web|last=Hughes|first=Joseph R.|title=Inland port gives Baltimore strategic shipping advantages|url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/inland-port-gives-baltimore-strategic-shipping-advantages|work=Washington Examiner|accessdate=June 23, 2011}}</ref> Sidoo kale dekeda magaalda Baltimore waxay waayo ahaan jirtey mida labaad ee ugu soo dejinta iyo dhoofinta badan wadanka Maraykanka, taasi ooy ku xidhnaayeen waxsoo saar faro badan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Baltimore Heritage Area|url=http://mht.maryland.gov/heritageareas_baltimore.html|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust|accessdate=December 30, 2011|date=February 11, 2011}}</ref> Ka dib markii ay soo waajahde dib udhac xaga wax soo saarka ah iyo [[wershad]]aha ayaa magaalada Baltimore waxay culeska saartey dhaqaalaha, caafimaadka iyo waxbarashada, kuwaasi oo maanta ah midhaha ugu wacan ee caasimadu ka hesho dhaqaalaha iyo lacagta. Waxaa magaaladan ku yaala cusbitaalo waaweyn oo tayo heersar ah leh, iyo machadyo caalami ah oo ku takhasusay kuliyado kala duwan oo waxbarashad iyo [[cilmi]]baadhista ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimoredevelopment.com/major-employers |title=Major Employers &#124; Baltimore Development Corporation |publisher=Baltimoredevelopment.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725000755/http://www.baltimoredevelopment.com/major-employers |archivedate=July 25, 2010 |accessdate=July 8, 2013}}</ref> [[File:Baltimore in 1752.png|thumb|left|Magaalada Baltimore sanadkii 1752]] Magaalada Baltimore waxaa ku dhaqan dad gaadhaya ilaa 622,104 (tirokoob la sameeyay 2013kii), halka marka lagu daro nawaaxigeeda ama Baltimore metropolitan ay leedahay shacab bulsho dhan 2.7 milyan, taasi oo ka dhigaysa magaaldan mida [[20]]aad ee ugu shacabka badan wadanka Maraykanka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Metro Area Factsheet: Baltimore, Maryland PMSA|url=http://www.fairus.org/site/PageNavigator/facts/local_data_md_baltimore|publisher=FAIR US|accessdate=December 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/metro/totals/2013/index.html|title=Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=October 13, 2014}}</ref> Dadka caanka ah ee ku dhaqan Baltimore waxaa ka mid ah [[hees]]ayaal badan oo qaada heesaha jazzka, rockyga iyo rapka. Sidoo kale waxaa degan magaaldan tiro [[atoore]]yaal iyo [[jilaa]] ah oo soo saara [[filim]]aan iyo music videos. Dadka la taaban karo waxaa ka mid ah ninkii sameeyay "Heesta Calanka Maraykanka" oo lagu magacaabo Fransis Skot Key.<ref name="baltimore.org">{{cite web |url=http://baltimore.org/about-baltimore |title=About Baltimore |publisher=Baltimore.org |deadurl=yes |accessdate=July 8, 2013 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=July 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725215715/http://baltimore.org/about-baltimore }}</ref> [[File:Downtown Baltimore from World Trade Center.jpg|thumb|left|Farasmagaalka Baltimore 2011]] Guud ahaan, ilaa rubuc bulshada magaalada Baltimore waa [[saynis]]yahano, injineero, [[xisaab]]yahano, teknoolijiyiin, [[macalim]]iin, khubaro, [[aqoon]]yano, profosseero iyo [[arday]] qalin-jebin rabta.<ref name="baltimore.org"/> Taasi waxay cadayn u tahay sida bulshada Baltimore u daneeyso aqoonta iyo waxbarashada, heer sarena uga gaadheen. =Bulshada Baltimore= Tirokoobtii sanadka 2010, waxaa lagu ogaaday in shacabka Baltimore yahay 620,961, taasi oo ah 4.6% hoos u dhac ah marka la barbar-dhigo tirokoobtii 2000; taasi oo laga wewel qabo in sanadaha soo socda hoos u sii socdo. Tirada is-dhintey waxay saamayn ku yeelatay 23% hoos u dhac [[ilmo|ilmaha]] da'doodu u dhaxayso [[5|5 jir]] ilaa [[17|17 sano jir]].<ref name=sherman2015>{{cite news |author=Sherman, Natalie |title=City hopes to get more families to stay |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/business/real-estate/wonk/bs-bz-schools-leaving-20150417-story.html#page=1 |work=[[Baltim. Sun|The Baltimore Sun]] |date=April 17, 2015 |accessdate=April 19, 2015 }}</ref> Dadaal badan oo xaga dhaqaalaha iyo waxbarashada ooy dowlada Baltimore gashay ka dib, sanadkii 2012ka tirokoob la sameeyay waxaa lagu ogaaday in tirada bulshada Baltimore kor u soo kacday, waxaa la helay 621,342; taasi oo ah 1,100 qof korodh. Waana markii ugu horeeysay ee tiro intaas le'eg ku soo korodha magaalada tan iyo ilaa 1950kii.<ref name=kilar2013>{{cite news |date=March 14, 2013 |author=Kilar, Steve |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-03-14/news/bs-bz-baltimore-population-grows-20130314_1_decades-of-population-decline-mayor-stephanie-rawlings-blake-seema-d-iyer |title=Baltimore's population up, following decades of loss |work=[[Baltim. Sun|The Baltimore Sun]] |deadurl=yes |accessdate=July 8, 2013 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105162816/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-03-14/news/bs-bz-baltimore-population-grows-20130314_1_decades-of-population-decline-mayor-stephanie-rawlings-blake-seema-d-iyer }}</ref><ref name=litten2015>{{cite news |author=Litten, Kevin |title=This map shows the gentrification of Baltimore's neighborhoods over 20 years |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/blog/real-estate/2015/03/this-map-shows-the-gentrification-of-baltimores.html |accessdate=April 19, 2015 |work=[[Baltim. Bus. J.|Baltimore Business Journal]] |date=March 9, 2015 }}</ref> Sida lagu xusay tirokoob kale ooy dowlada Maraykanku samaysay sanadkii 2010ka, 63.7% bulshada Baltimore waa [[Dadka Madoow]], 29.6% [[Dadka Cad]], 0.4% [[Hindida Cas]], 2.3% [[Aasiya]]n, 1.8% dadka kale iyo xoogaa yar oo ka soo jeeda [[gasiirad]]aha ka baxsan Maraykanka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24/2404000.html |title=Baltimore (city), Maryland |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=April 23, 2012 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=May 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515122423/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/24/2404000.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |colspan="3"| <center>'''Qoloyinka Bulshada Baltimore Maryland (2010)</center>''' |- ! Qolo !! Shacabka !! % Wadarta |- | Wadar || 620,961 || 100 |- | [[Afrikan Ameerikan]] || 395,781 || 63 |- | [[Dadka Cad|Cadan]] || 183,830 || 29 |- | [[Aasiya|Aasiyan]] || 14,548 || 2 |- | [[Maraykan|Labo qolo iskugu jira]] || 12,955 || 2 |- | [[Ameerika|Inta kale]] || 11,303 || 1 |- | [[Hindida Cas]] || 2,270 || < 1% |- | [[Maraykanka|Dhowr nooc iskugu jira]] || 1,402 || < 1% |- | [[Hawaii|U dhashay Hawaii]] [[gasiirad|Gasiiradaha Basifik]] || 274 || < 1% |- |colspan="3"|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://suburbanstats.org/area/maryland/baltimore| title=Baltimore Maryland Population Statistics | publisher=US Census Bureau | accessdate=March 15, 2013}}</ref> |} =Muuqaalka Baltimore= <gallery> File:BaltimoreNationalAquarium.JPG|Xarunta dalxiiska iyo damaashaadka Baltimore File:Parkside1.jpg|Xaafada Belair-Edison, Baltimore |Farasmagaalka Baltimore File:Woodberry07.JPG|Woodberry, Baltimore File:Pier 5 and the Power Plant Building in SE Baltimore by Don Ramey Logan.jpg|Deegaanada soo jiidashada leh File:Res Hill HD Baltimore.JPG|Xaafada Reservoir Hill, Baltimore File:Station North Arts District Baltimore Chas St.jpg|Xaafada Station North File:Fells Point A.JPG|Deegaanka Fells Point, Baltimore File:GoodwoodGardens.jpg|Beerta Roland Park, Baltimore |Waverly, Baltimore </gallery> [[File:Downtown Baltimore from World Trade Center.jpg|thumb|Farasmagaalka Baltimore iyo xarunta ganacsiga (2011)]] =Magaalooyinka Maraykanka= {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] 6q7bj7p8sd36j1ywbp7nimsatcmk2kv 0 19803 298800 298321 2026-06-19T00:18:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Af-bantuu''' ({{lang-en|Bantu languages}}, {{lang-ar|البانتو}}) waa farac ka mida afafka loo yaqaan Mayjar-koongo,  qiyaasta la sameeyay ayaa ah in 522 farac uu leeyahay afka baantuuga iyagoo waliba si hoose u sii kala qaybsama, afka baantuuga waxaa looga hadlaa si balaaran bariga iyo koofurta kaamiruun, waxaa kaloo aad looga hadlaa afrika dhexe, afrikad koonfureed iyo bariga afrika,  Tirada ugu badan dadka ku hadla afkaan waa sawaaxiliga looga hadlo geeska afrika, dhexda afrika iyo afrikada koonfureed. afka shoona ayaa ku xiga waxaana  ku hadla 10.8 milyan, waxaa ku soo xiga afka Zulu 10.3 milyan ayaa ku hadasha. Afka baantuuga ayaa asal ahaan ka soo jeeda nayjeeriya iyo kaamiruun ka dib wuxuu u faafay bari iyo koonfur. ereyga baantuu ayaa macnihiisu yahay Dad ama bulsho. inkastoo ay luuqad ahaan kala fogtahay hadan ereyada kulmiya ayaa aad u badan waxaa ka mida Mtu ama Mntu oo loola jeedo Qof. ==Afafka ugu caansan Baantuuga== Liiskaan soo socda waxaa ku qoran afafka ugu waaweyn afka baanntuuga io xaga badnaanta dadka. {{Col-begin}} {{col-2}} '''[[Lingua franca]]''' *[[Swahili language|Swahili]] (Kiswahili) (350,000; tens of millions as L2) '''Angola''' *[[Umbundu|South Mbundu]] (Umbundu) (4 million) *[[Kimbundu|North Mbundu]] (Kimbundu) (3 million) *[[Ovambo language|Ovambo (Ambo)]] (Oshiwambo) (500,000) *[[Luvale language|Luvale]] (Chiluvale) (500,000) *[[Chokwe language|Chokwe]] (Chichokwe) (500,000) '''Botswana''' *[[Tswana language|Tswana]] (Setswana) (1 million) *[[Kalanga language|Kalanga]] (Ikalanga) (150,000) '''Burundi''' *[[Kirundi]] (8.5 - 10.5 million) '''Cameroon''' *[[Beti language|Beti]] (1.7 million: 900,000 [[Bulu language|Bulu]], 600,000 [[Ewondo language|Ewondo]], 120,000 [[Fang language|Fang]], 60,000 [[Eton language|Eton]], 30,000 Bebele) *[[Basaa language|Basaa]] (230,000) *[[Duala language|Duala]] (350,000) '''Central African Republic''' *[[Mbati language|Mbati]] (60,000) '''Democratic Republic of the Congo''' *[[Lingala|Lingala (Ngala)]] (2 million; 7 million with L2 speakers) *[[Luba-Kasai language|Luba-Kasai]] (Tshiluba) (6.5 million) *[[Kituba language|Kituba]] (4.5 million), a Bantu creole *[[Kongo language|Kongo]] (Kikongo) (3.5 million) *[[Luba-Katanga language|Luba-Katanga]] (Kiluba) (1.5+ million) *[[Songe language|Songe]] (Lusonge) (1+ million) *[[Nande language|Nande]] (Orundandi) (1 million) *[[Tetela language|Tetela]] (Otetela) (800,000) *[[Yaka language (Congo–Angola)|Yaka]] (Iyaka) (700,000+) *[[Shi language|Shi]] (700,000) *[[Kongo language|Yombe]] (Kiyombe) (670,000) '''Equatorial Guinea''' *[[Beti language|Beti]] ([[Fang language|Fang]]) (300,000) *[[Bube language|Bube]] (40,000) '''Gabon''' *[[Baka language|Baka]] *[[Barama language|Barama]] *[[Bekwel language|Bekwel]] *[[Benga language|Benga]] *[[Bubi language|Bubi]] *[[Bwisi language|Bwisi]] *[[Duma language|Duma]] *[[Fang language|Fang]] (500,000) *[[Kande language|Kendell]] *[[Kaningi language|Kanin]] *[[Sake language|Sake]] *[[Sangu language (Gabon)|Sangu]] *[[Seki language|Seki]] *[[Sighu language|Sighu]] *[[Simba language|Simba]] *[[Sira language|Sira]] *[[Northern Teke language|Northern Teke]] *[[Western Teke language|Western Teke]] *[[Tsaangi language|Tsaangi]] *[[Tsogo language|Tsogo]] *[[Vili language|Vili]] (3,600) *[[Vumbu language|Vumbu]] *[[Wandji language|Wandji]] *[[Wumbvu language|Wumbvu]] *[[Yangho language|Yangho]] *[[Yasa language|Yasa]] '''Kenya''' :''Swahili and English are national languages'' *[[Gikuyu language|Gikuyu]] (7 million) *[[Luhya language|Luhya]] (5.4 million) *[[Kamba language|Kamba]] (4 million) *[[Meru language|Meru]] (Kimeru) (2.7 million) *[[Gusii language|Gusii]] (2 million) '''Lesotho''' *[[Sotho language|Sotho]] (Sesotho) (1.8 million) *[[Zulu language|Zulu]] (Isizulu) (300,000) '''Malawi''' *[[Chewa language|Chewa (Nyanja)]] (Chichewa) (7 million) *[[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]] (1 million) *[[Yao language|Yao]] (1 million) '''Mozambique''' *[[Makhuwa language|Makhuwa]] (3 million; 5.5 million all [[Makua languages|Makua]]) *[[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] (Xitsonga) (1.7 million) *[[Ndau language|Shona (Ndau)]] (1.6 million) *[[Lomwe language|Lomwe]] (1.5 million) *[[Sena language|Sena]] (1.3 million) *[[Tswa language|Tswa]] (1.2 million) *[[Chuwabu language|Chuwabu]] (1.0 million) *[[Chopi language|Chopi]] (800,000) *[[Ronga language|Ronga]] (700,000) *[[Chewa language|Chewa (Nyanja)]] (Chichewa) (600,000) *[[Yao language|Yao]] (Chiyao) (500,000) *[[Nyungwe language|Nyungwe]] (Cinyungwe/Nhungue)(400,000) *[[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]] (400,000) *[[Makonde language|Makonde]] (400,000) '''Nigeria''' *[[Bakassi language|Batiu]] (300,000: [[Efiat language|Efiat]], 600,000 [[Efut Ibonda language|Efut Ibonda]], 900,000 [[Ejagham language|Ejagham]],1,900,000, 60,000 [[Ikoneto language|Ikoneto]], 900,000 *[[Ibibio language|Ibibio]] 50,000,230,000) *[[Efik language|Efik]] (30,000,350,000) *[[Tiv language|Tiv]] (13,200,000) '''Namibia''' *[[Ovambo language|Ovambo (Ambo, Oshiwambo)]] (1 500,000) *[[Herero language|Herero]] (200,000) {{col-2}} '''Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)''' *[[Kituba language|Kituba]] (1.2+ million) [a Bantu creole] *[[Kongo language|Kongo]] (Kikongo) (1.0 million) *[[Teke languages]] (500,000) *[[Kongo language|Yombe]] (350,000) *[[Suundi language|Suundi]] (120,000) *[[Mboshi language|Mbosi]] (110,000) *[[Lingala]] (100,000; ? L2 speakers) '''Rwanda''' *[[Kinyarwanda]] (Kinyarwanda) (10 - 12 million) '''South Africa''' *[[Zulu language|Zulu]] (Isizulu) (10 million) *[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] (Isixhosa) (8 million) *[[Sotho language|Sotho]] (Sesotho) (4 million) *[[Northern Sotho language|Pedi]] (Sepedi) (4 million) *[[Tswana language|Tswana]] (Setswana) (3.5 million) *[[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] (Xitsonga) (2 million) *[[Swazi language|Swazi]] (Siswati) (1 million) *[[Venda language|Venda]] (Tshivenda) (1 million) *[[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] (Isindebele) '''Swaziland''' *[[Swati language|Swazi]] (Siswati) (1 million) '''Tanzania''' :''Swahili is the national language'' *[[Sukuma language|Sukuma]] (5.5 million) *[[Gogo language|Gogo]] (1.5 million) *[[Haya language|Haya]] (Kihaya) (1.3 million) *[[Chaga languages|Chaga]] (Kichaga) (1.2+ million : 600,000 Mochi, 300,000+ Machame, 300,000+ Vunjo) *[[Nyamwezi language|Nyamwezi]] (1.0 million) *[[Makonde language|Makonde]] (1.0 million) *[[Ha language|Ha]] (1.0 million) *[[Nyakyusa language|Nyakyusa]] (800,000) *[[Hehe language|Hehe]] (800,000) *[[Luguru language|Luguru]] (700,000) *[[Bena language|Bena]] (600,000) *[[Shambala language|Shambala]] (650,000) *[[Turu language|Nyaturu]] (600,000) '''Uganda''' *[[Luganda|Ganda]] (Luganda) (7.5 million) *[[Nkore language|Nkore-Kiga]] (3.5 million : 2.3 million [[Nkore-Kiga language|Nyankore]], 1.2 million [[Kiga language|Kiga]] (Chiga)) *[[Soga language|Soga]] (Lusoga) (2 million) *[[Masaba language|Masaba]] (Lumasaba) (1.1 million) *[[Nyoro language|Nyoro]]-[[Tooro language|Tooro]] (1.1 million) *[[Kinyarwanda]] (Kinyarwanda) (750,000) *[[Konjo language (Bantu)|Konjo]] (600,000) *[[Gwere language|Gwere]] (400,000) '''Zambia''' *[[Bemba language|Bemba]] (3.3 million) *[[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]] (1.0 million) *[[Chewa language|Chewa (Nyanja)]] (Chichewa) (800,000) *[[Lozi language|Lozi]] (Silozi) (600,000) *[[Lala-Bisa language|Lala-Bisa]] (600,000) *[[Nsenga language|Nsenga]] (550,000) *[[Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]] (Chitumbuka) (500,000) *[[Lunda language|Lunda]] (450,000) *[[Nyiha language|Nyiha]] (400,000+) *[[Mambwe-Lungu language|Mambwe-Lungu]] (400,000) '''Zimbabwe''' *[[Shona language]]s (15.4 million incl. Karanga, Zezuru, Korekore, Ndau, Manyika) *[[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] (2 million) *[[Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]] *[[Venda language|Venda]] *[[Kalanga language|Kalanga]] {{Col-end}} Liiskaan ma dhamaystirna, isku day lagu sameeyay in la kulmiyo luuqadaha baantuuga waxaa laga helay gudaha ''The Bantu Languages of Africa'', 1959 .<ref>Bryan, M.A. (compiled by), ''The Bantu Languages of Africa''. Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford University Press, 1959.</ref> ==Eeriyada afka oo juqraafi ah== {{multiple image|align=none |image1=Niger-Congo map.png |width1=300 |image2=Nigeria Benin Cameroon languages.png |width2=310 |footer=Localization of the Niger–Congo languages }} ==Ereyo Baantuu ah oo galbeedka laga adeegsado== Qaar ka mida ereyada baantuuga ayaa amaah ahaaan looga adeegsada wadama reer galbeedka waxaana ka mida : * Bomba *Bongos *[[wikt:bwana|Bwana]] *Candombe *Chimpanzee *Conga *Goobers *Gumbo *Hakuna matata *Impala *Indaba *Jenga *Jumbo *Kalimba *Kwanzaa *Mamba *[[wikt:mambo|Mambo]] *Mbira *Marimba *Rumba *Safari *Samba *Simba *Ubuntu \<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vass|first1=Winifred Kellersberger|title=The Bantu Speaking Heritage of the United States|date=1979|publisher=Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California|page=73|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Sbp1AAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Here+we|accessdate=7 September 2014|quote="“Here we go looby-loo; here we go looby-la (or looby-light) / Here we go looby-loo; all on a Saturday night!” Both of these Luba words, ''lubilu'' (quickly, in a hurry), and ''lubila'' (a shout) are words still in common usage in the Republic of Zaïre."}}</ref> ==Qaab qoraalka== Sida badan waxaa loo qoraa afafka baantuuga qaabka laatiinka iyo qaabka carabiga, qaar kaloo waxaa jira adeegsada qaabab u gaar asii aan badanayn. Along with the [[Latin script]] and [[Arabic script]] orthographies, there are also some modern indigenous writing systems used for Bantu languages:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miami2015.designmiami.com/design-galleries/view/southern-guild4 |title=Isibheqe cabinets |publisher=Design Miami |date= |accessdate=2015-11-23 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2015-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124050557/http://miami2015.designmiami.com/design-galleries/view/southern-guild4 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriiriye dibadeed== *[http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/ Comparative Bantu Online Dictionary] – includes a comprehensive bibliography. *[http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf Maho 2009] {{Wayback|url=http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf |date=20180203191542 }}. Guthrie 1948 in detail, with subsequent corrections and corresponding ISO codes *[http://www.bantu-languages.com/en/ Bantu online resources by Jacky Maniacky], including **[http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/classes.html List of Bantu noun classes with reconstructed Proto-Bantu prefixes (in French)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/classes.html |date=20171101213948 }} *[http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/ehret/kinship/BantuClassification%204-09.pdf Ehret's compilation of classifications by Klieman, Bastin, himself, and others] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/ehret/kinship/BantuClassification%204-09.pdf |date=20120624221430 }} *Contini-Morava, Ellen. ''[http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/swahili/ Noun Classification in Swahili] {{Wayback|url=http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/swahili/ |date=20201026011841 }}''. 1994. *[http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Lgs/LgsbyGN.html List of Bantu language names with synonyms ordered by Guthrie number]. *[http://salanguages.com Introduction to the languages of South Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://salanguages.com/ |date=20060829152336 }} *[http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/NarrowBantu.aspx Journal of West African Languages: Narrow Bantu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/NarrowBantu.aspx |date=20110726212602 }} *[http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/bantu-people.html Bantu Languages of Uganda] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/bantu-people.html |date=20160401105207 }} *[https://ia600405.us.archive.org/20/items/artedalinguadean00dias/artedalinguadean00dias.pdf The art of the language of Angola, author Father Pedro Dias, published in 1697] {{Gumud}} [[Category:Gumud]] [[Category:Afafka]] 158of5rporquaj9yko872vbmg9kl2gw 0 20935 298832 293075 2026-06-19T06:18:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Johannesburg | official_name = Magaalada Johannesburg | settlement_type = [[Magaalo]] | native_name = {{Unbulleted list |{{small|{{langx|ts|Joni}}}} |{{small|{{langx|zu|eGoli}}}} |{{small|{{langx|naq|!Huni ǁhÄb}}}} }} | image_skyline = {{multiple image |perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 |border = infobox |total_width = 290 |caption_align = center |image1 = Johannesburg_skyline_2017.jpg |caption1 = [[Bartamaha Ganacsiga Johannesburg]] |image2 = 9 2 228 0069-Art Gallery2-Johannesburg-s.jpg |caption2 = [[Madxafka Farshaxanka Johannesburg]] |image3 = Johannesburg_Skyline.jpg |caption3 = [[Tower-ka Hillbrow]] iyo [[Ponte Magaalo]] |image4 = Mandela_Bridge,_Johannesburg,_Gauteng,_South_Africa.jpg |caption4 = [[Buundada Nelson Mandela]] |image5 = FIFA World Cup 2010 Uruguay Ghana.jpg |caption5 = [[Garoonka FNB]] |image6 = The_Wits_University_East_Campus_(archived).jpg |caption6 = [[Jaamacadda Witwatersrand]] |image7 = SouthAfrica_Johannesburg-Brixton_SentechTower.jpg |caption7 = [[Tower-ka Brixton]] |color = white }} | image_flag = Flag of Johannesburg, South Africa.svg | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Johannesburg.svg | nicknames = Jo'burg; Jozi; {{lang|ts|Joni|italics=no}}; {{lang|ve|Muḓi Mulila Ngoma|italics=no}}; {{lang|bho|Jobhag|italics=no}}; eGoli ("Meesha Dahabka") | motto = "Adeeg leh Sharaf" | pushpin_map = South Africa Gauteng | coordinates = {{Coord|26|12|16|S|28|2|44|E|region:ZA-GT|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Dalka | subdivision_name = {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} [[Koonfur Afrika]] | subdivision_type1 = Gobol | subdivision_name1 = [[Gauteng]] | subdivision_type2 = Degmo | subdivision_type3 = [[Degmo-weyn]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Magaalo-weynta Johannesburg]] | subdivision_type4 = Goob Weyn | established_title = La aasaasay | established_date = {{Start date and age|1886}} | government_type = [[Maamul Magaalo-weyn]] | leader_party = [[ANC]] | leader_title = Duqa Magaalo | leader_name = [[Dada Morero]] | area_total_km2 = 334.81 | area_urban_km2 = 3357 | area_metro_km2 = 1642.6 | elevation_m = 1753 | population_total = 4803262 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 6198000 | population_urban = 7860781 | demographics_type1 = Isir-dhisme (2019) | demographics1_title1 = Madow Afrikaan | demographics1_info1 = 76.4% | demographics1_title2 = Caddaan | demographics1_info2 = 12.3% | demographics1_title3 = Isir-isku-dhar | demographics1_info3 = 5.6% | demographics1_title4 = Hindi/Asiyaan | demographics1_info4 = 4.9% | demographics1_title5 = Kale | demographics1_info5 = 0.8% | demographics_type2 = Afafka koowaad (2011) | demographics2_title1 = [[Af-Zulu|Af Zulu]] | demographics2_info1 = 23.41% | demographics2_title2 = [[Af Ingiriis|Ingiriisi]] | demographics2_info2 = 20.10% | demographics2_title3 = [[Sesotho]] | demographics2_info3 = 9.61% | demographics2_title4 = [[Setswana]] | demographics2_info4 = 7.68% | demographics2_title5 = [[Af Afrikaans|Afrikaans]] | demographics2_info5 = 7.28% | demographics2_title6 = Kale | demographics2_info6 = 18.10% | blank_name_sec1 = Tusmada Horumarka Aadanaha (HDI) | blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.75 '''Sare''' | blank_name_sec2 = GDP | blank_info_sec2 = 131&nbsp;bilyan doolar (2020) | blank1_name_sec2 = GDP qofkiiba (PPP) | blank1_info_sec2 = 16&nbsp;370 doolar (2014) | timezone1 = [[SAST]] | utc_offset1 = +2 | postal_code_type = Koodhka boostada (jid) | postal_code = 2001 | postal2_code_type = Sanduuqa boostada | postal2_code = 2000 | area_code_type = Koodhka taleefoonka | area_code = 010 iyo 011 | website = {{URL|http://www.joburg.org.za}} | mapframe = yes | population_rank = 8-aad Afrika <br /> 1-aad Koonfur Afrika }} '''Johannesburg''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|oʊ|ˈ|h|æ|n|ᵻ|s|b|ɜːr|ɡ}}; {{IPA-ar|joˈɦɐnəsbœrχ|lang}}; oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ''Jozi''', ''Joburg'''', ''eGoli''', iyo loo soo gaabiyo ''JHB''') waa magaalada ugu dadka badan Koonfur Afrika . Magaalada Johannesburg lafteedu waxay leedahay dad gaaraya 5,538,596, halka isku-darka magaalooyinka ee waaweyn uu ka badan yahay 14.8 milyan, taasoo ka dhigaysa magaalo weyn iyo mid ka mid ah 100ka degmo ee ugu waaweyn adduunka Johannesburg waa caasimadda gobolka Gauteng , gobolka ugu qanisan Koonfur Afrika, waana xarunta maxkamadda ugu sarreysa dalka, Maxkamadda Dastuurka Magaalada oo ku taal buuraha Witwatersrand ee hodanka ku ah macdanta , waxay muddo dheer ahayd xuddunta ganacsiga macdanta iyo dahabka ee caalamiga ah. Magaalada ugu qanisan Afrika marka loo eego GDP iyo hantida gaarka loo leeyahay, Johannesburg waxay u shaqaysaa caasimadda dhaqaalaha ee Koonfur Afrika waxayna hoy u tahay suuqa saamiyada ugu weyn qaaradda , Suuqa Saamiyada Johannesburg . Johannesburg waxaa la aasaasay 1886, ka dib markii la helay dahab, oo mar ahaan jirtay dhul beereed. Toban sano gudahood, dadku waxay gaareen in ka badan 100,000, oo ay horseedeen kaydadka dahabka ee waaweyn ee laga helay hareeraha Witwatersrand.Johannesburg casriga ah waa isku-darka magaalooyinkii hore u kala go'naa, magaalooyin iyo degsiimooyin, taasoo ka tarjumaysa siyaasadaha kala-soocidda booska ee xiligii midab-takoorka . Soweto ("Magaalooyinka Koonfur-Galbeed"), oo loo aqoonsaday magaalo "madow oo keliya" ilaa 1994, waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu taariikhda badan ee Koonfur Afrika casriga ah. Hoyga hoggaamiyeyaasha muhiimka ah ee ka hortagga midab-takoorka, oo ay ku jiraan Nelson Mandela iyo Desmond Tutu , waxay noqotay xuddunta Kacdoonkii Soweto ee 1976 , halkaas oo dibadbaxyada ardayda ee nabdoon lagu arkay xoog arxan darro ah Taas bedelkeeda, Lenasia waxaa inta badan ku nool Indo-Koonfur Afrikaanka ku hadla Ingiriisiga (dadka ka soo jeeda Hindiya iyo Koonfurta Aasiya ). Deegaannada hore "cad-ka oo keliya" waxaa ka mid ah Sandton , oo loo yaqaan "mayl laba jibaaran ee ugu taajirsan Afrika", Randburg iyo Roodeport . ==Taariikh== Gobolka ku hareeraysan Johannesburg waxaa asal ahaan degganaa ugaarsatada San kuwaas oo isticmaalay qalab dhagax ah. Waxaa jira caddayn muujinaysa inay halkaas ku noolaayeen ilaa toban qarni ka hor Burbur dhagax ah oo ka dhashay magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka Sotho-Tswana ayaa ku kala firirsan qaybaha Transvaal- kii hore ee Johannesburg ku yaal Qarnigii 18-aad bartamihiisii, gobolka ballaaran waxaa inta badan degganaa bulshooyin kala duwan oo Sotho-Tswana ah (hal laan oo luqadeed oo ay ku hadlaan dadka ku hadla Bantu), kuwaas oo tuulooyinkooda, magaalooyinkooda, madaxdooda iyo boqortooyooyinkoodu ay ka soo bilaabmeen Beerta Dhulka ee Bechuanaland Protectorate (oo hadda ah Botswana ) galbeedka, ilaa Lesotho-da maanta oo koonfurta ah, ilaa aagagga Pedi ee hadda ee Gobolka Limpopo . Si gaar ah, burburka dhagaxa ah ee magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka Sotho-Tswana waxay ku kala firirsan yihiin qaybaha gobolkii hore ee Transvaal oo Johannesburg ku taal. Magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan oo Sotho-Tswana ah oo ku yaal agagaarka Johannesburg ayaa la burburiyay dadkoodiina waa la eryay intii lagu jiray dagaalladii ka soo baxayay Zululand dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18aad iyo horraantii qarnigii 19aad ( dagaalladii mfecane ama difaqane), taasoo keentay in la helo boqortooyo ka tirsan boqortooyada Zulu, Ndebele (oo inta badan loogu yeero Matabele, magaca ay bixiyeen dadka Sotho-Tswana ee deegaanka), waxay ka aasaaseen boqortooyo waqooyi-galbeed ee Johannesburg agagaarka Rustenburg-ka casriga ah. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20231109175412/https://humanities.uct.ac.za/apc/place-names-pre-colonial-origin-and-their-use-today "Dhig Magacyada Asalka Gumeysiga Kahor iyo Isticmaalkooda Maanta"] [https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/26503 Injineerada Boqortooyada iyo qorsheynta dejinta ee Cape Colony 1806–1872: Habka, habka iyo saameynta] [https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/Provinces_at_a_Glance.pdf : Gobollada oo si kooban loo eego] [http://www.citypopulation.de/SouthAfrica-UA.html "Koonfur Afrika: Gobollada iyo Meelaha Magaalooyinka ee ugu Muhiimsan"] [https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/ "Isku-darka ugu Muhiimsan ee Adduunka - Tirakoobka Dadweynaha iyo Khariidadaha"] [https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa "Johannesburg | Magaalada, Taariikhda, Khariidadda, & Meelaha Xiisaha Leh | Britannica"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20131111105718/http://joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=295:rissik-street-post-office&catid=38:heritage&Itemid=51 "Magaalada Johannesburg - Xafiiska Boostada ee Wadada Rissik"] [https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/southern-africa-above-aerial-photography-historical-overview "Koonfurta Afrika laga bilaabo kor: Sawir-qaadista Hawada - Dulmar taariikhi ah | Bogga Dhaxalka"] [https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/focus/20250214-in-south-africa-poor-governance-leads-to-collapse-of-johannesburg-s-infrastructure "Diiradda - Koonfur Afrika, maamul xumada waxay horseedaa burbur ku yimaada kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee Johannesburg"] [https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-opening-remarks-meeting-between-national-executive-and "Madaxweyne Cyril Ramaphosa: Khudbado furitaan ah oo ka jeediyay kulanka u dhexeeya Golaha Fulinta Qaranka iyo Golaha Fulinta ee Johannesburg | Dowladda Koonfur Afrika"] [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/9013168/Nelson-Mandela-dies-aged-95.html "Nelson Mandela, oo ahaa halyeeygii Koonfur Afrika ee ka soo horjeeday midab-takoorka, ayaa geeriyooday isagoo 95 jir ah"] 462sdn3nb5jbhol4sz45jbqkbpksioh 0 23638 298851 262678 2026-06-19T09:05:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 19 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|40.5331|72.7967|type:landmark|display=inline}} {{Infobox university | name = Osh Muyuusiga iyo Masraxa Drama</br>{{lang-ru|Ошский Государственный академический узбекский музыкально-драматический театр имени Бабура}} | native_name = Бобур номли Ўш Давлат академик ўзбек мусиқали драма театри | image_name = Ош өзбек театры.jpg | image_size = 300px | image_alt = Dhismaha masraxa | caption = Logo | latin_name = History Theatrum Osh Musica et in eius nomine nuncupetur Babur | motto = ''Semper deinceps'' | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | established = [[1914]] | closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} --> | type = Rei publicae organization | affiliation = Ministerio Culturae: Information quod Tornacense de Republica Lingua Kirgistana | endowment = | budget = | officer_in_charge = | conditor = Rahmonberdi Madazimov | chancellor = | president = | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = Nabizhon Mamajonov | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = 144 | facultatem = 500 | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | city = [[Osh]] | state = [[Osh oblast]] | province = | country = [[Kirgistan]] | coor = | campus = | former_names = Osh Muyuusiga iyo Masraxa Drama | free_label = | free = | colors = | colours = | athletics = | sports = | nickname = KG | mascot = | affiliations = | website = | logo = | footnotes = }} '''Osh Muyuusiga iyo Masraxa Drama''' - tiyaatarka ugu da'da weyn ee ku yaala [[Kirgistan]], tiyaatarka labaad ee ugu da'da weyn badhtamaha Aasiya. ==Taariikhda== Sanadkii [[1914]]-dii, hogaamiyihii Rakhmonberdi Madazimov, oo ay la socdeen macalinka Dugsiga Ruushka ee Osh, Baltykhodzhoy Sultanov wuxuu aasaasay koox tiyaatar. Agaasimihii ugu horeeyay ee farshaxanka tiyaatarka Madazimov Rakhmonberdi wuxuu ahaa aasaasihii ugu horeeyay ee abaabulay majaajilada heesaha ee [[Kirgistan]]. Tiyaatarka Babur ee Osh waa tiyaatarka ugu da'da weyn badhtamaha Aasiya, ka dib markii Tiyaatarka Qaranka ee Ruushka ee Isbahaysiga Isbahaysiga ee Hamza oo ku yaal [[Tashkent]] (aasaasay [[1913]]-[[1927]] Febraayo [[1914]]). ==Tixraaca Masraxa== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Год ! Название ! Оригинальное название {{lang-uz}} ! Автор |- | 1919 || Отцеубийца || Падаркуш || [[Бехбуди, Махмуд Ходжа|М. Бехбудий]] |- | 1919 || Лекарь из Туркестана || Туркистонлик табиб || [[Уйгур-Маджидов, Маннон|Маннон Уйгур]] |- | 1920 || Отравленная жизнь || Заҳарли ҳаёт || [[Ниязи, Хамза Хакимзаде|Хамза]] |- | 1921 || Сирота || Етим || [https://web.archive.org/web/20190823130559/https://ziyouz.uz/ozbek-ziyolilari/gulom-zafariy/ Гулом Зафарий]|- | 1922 || Наказание клеветников || Туҳматчилар жазоси || [[Ниязи, Хамза Хакимзаде|Хамза]] |- | 1923 || Лолахон || Лолахон || [[Яшен, Камиль|Комил Яшин]] |- | 1924 || Рапорт с юга || Жанубдан рапорт || Махмуд Рахмон |- | 1925 || Гулсара || Гулсара || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] и М.Музаффаров |- | 1926 || Два коммуниста || Икки коммунист || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1927 || Друзья || Ўртоқлар || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1928 || Внутри || Ичкарида || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1929 || Халима || Ҳалима || |- | 1929 || Ажи-ажи || Ажи-ажи || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1930 || Истории на хлопковом поле || Пахта шумғиялари || Умаржон Исмоилов |- | 1931 || [[Женитьба (пьеса)|Женитьба]] || Уйланиш || [[Гоголь, Николай Васильевич|Н.В. Гоголь]] |- | 1932 || Переводчик || Тилмоч || [[Уйгур-Маджидов, Маннон|Маннон Уйгур]] |- | 1933 || [[Аршин мал алан]] || Аршин мол олон || [[Гаджибеков, Узеир Абдул-Гусейн оглы|Гаджибеков]] |- | 1934 || [[Ревизор (комедия)|Ревизор]] || Ревизор || [[Гоголь, Николай Васильевич|Н.В. Гоголь]] |- | 1935 || История заговорила || Тарих тилга кирди || [[Сафаров, Назир Сафарович|Назир Сафаров]], Зиё Саид |- | 1935 || Сожжём || Ёндирамиз || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1936 || Вместо смерти || Ўлим ўрнига || [[:ky:Жусуп Турусбеков|Ж. Турусбеков]] |- | 1936 || [[Любовь Яровая (спектакль, 1951)|Любовь Яровая]] || Любов Яровая || [[Тренёв, Константин Андреевич|К. Тренёв]] |- | 1936 || Комсомольский взвод || Комсомол взводи || Тожизода |- | 1937 || Обман и любовь || Макр ва муҳаббат || [[Шиллер, Фридрих|Шиллер]] |- | 1937 || [[Любовь моя, печаль моя|Фархад и Ширин]] || Фарҳод ва Ширин || Ш. Хуршид |- | 1938 || [[Слуга двух господ]] || Икки хўжайинга бир қул || [[Гольдони, Карло|К.Гольдони]] |- | 1938 || Сабля Узбекистана || Ўзбекистон қиличи || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1939 || Пограничники || Чегарачилар || [[Билль-Белоцерковский, Владимир Наумович|Билль-Белоцерковский]] |- | 1939 || Бай и батрак || Бой ила хизматчи || [[Ниязи, Хамза Хакимзаде|Хамза]] |- | 1939 || [[Тахир и Зухра|Тахир и Зухра]] || Тоҳир ва Зуҳра || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1940 || Холисхон || Холисхон || [[Ниязи, Хамза Хакимзаде|Хамза]] |- | 1940 || Буран || Бўрон || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1941 || Гулсара || Гулсара || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] и [http://people.ziyonet.uz/ru/person/view/muhamedov_muzaffar_ М.Мухамедов] {{Wayback|url=http://people.ziyonet.uz/ru/person/view/muhamedov_muzaffar_ |date=20180826214822 }} |- | 1941 || [[Лейли и Маджнун|Лейла и Маджнун]] || Лайли ва Мажнун || Хуршид |- | 1941 || Курбан Умаров || Қурбон Умаров || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1942 || Смерть захватчикам! || Ўлим босқинчиларга! || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1942 || Проделки Майсары || Майсаранинг иши || [[Ниязи, Хамза Хакимзаде|Хамза]] |- | 1942 || [[Фронт (пьеса)|Фронт]] || Фронт || [[Корнейчук, Александр Евдокимович|Корнейчук]] |- | 1943 || Даврон ата || Даврон ота || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1943 || Зафар || Зафар || Умаржон Исмоилов |- | 1944 || Нурхон || Нурхон || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1944 || Невеста за 5 сом || Беш сўмлик келин || [[Ордубади, Мамед Саид|М. Ордубади]] |- | 1945 || Песня жизни || Ҳаёт қўшиғи || [[Уйгун]] |- | 1946 || Честь женщины || Аёл номуси || Мухтаров |- | 1947 || Весна || Навбаҳор || [[Уйгун]] |- | 1947 || [[Любовь моя, печаль моя|Фархад и Ширин]] || Фарҳод ва Ширин || Хуршид |- | 1948 || Красный галстук || Қизил галстук || [[Тренёв, Константин Андреевич|К. Тренёв]] |- | 1948 || Песня жизни || Ҳаёт қўшиғи || [[Уйгун]] |- | 1948 || Алтынкуль || Олтинкўл || [[Уйгун]] |- | 1949 || Лепестки || Ғунчалар || [[Фатхуллин, Зиннат Равилович|З. Фатхуллин]] |- | 1949 || [[Симург|Семург]] || Семурғ || [[Хамид Алимджан]] |- | 1950 || Адолат || Адолат || Исмоил Акрам |- | 1950 || [[Алпамыш]] || Алпомиш || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1951 || [[Сатылганов, Токтогул|Токтогул]] || Тўқтағул || [[:ky:Бөкөнбаев, Жоомарт|Ж. Боконбаев]] |- | 1951 || [[Лейли и Меджнун]] || Лайли ва Мажнун || Хуршид |- | 1952 || Ёрилтош || Ёрилтош || [https://archive.today/20180306123216/http://ijod.uz/?p=5306 Шукур Саъдулла] |- | 1952 || Радость || Шодлик || Махмуд Рахмон |- | 1952 || Шёлковое сюзане || Шоҳи сўзана || [[Каххар, Абдулла|Абдулла Каххар]] |- | 1953 || [[Алишер Навои (фильм)|Алишер Навои]] || Алишер Навоий || [[Султанов, Иззат Атаханович|Иззат Султан]] |- | 1953 || [[Наталка Полтавка|Наталка Полтавка]] || Наталка Полтавка || [[Лысенко, Николай Витальевич|Н. Лысенко]] |- | 1953 || Нурхон || Нурхон || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1954 || Праздник на поле || Далада байрам || [https://archive.today/20180306123216/http://ijod.uz/?p=5306 Шукур Саъдулла] |- | 1954 || Сердечные секреты || Юрак сирлари || Бахром Рахмонов |- | 1955 || Офтобхон || Офтобхон || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1955 || Девушка реки Ганг || Ганг дарёсининг қизи || [[Тагор, Рабиндранат|Рабиндранат Тагор]] |- | 1956 || Равшан и Зулхумор || Равшан ва Зулҳумор || [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1956 || Любовь к Родине || Ватан ишқи || [[Фатхуллин, Зиннат Равилович|З. Фатхуллин]] |- | 1956 || Сундук секретов || Сирли сандиқ || И. Ахмедов |- | 1957 || [[Алпамыш]] || Алпомиш || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1957 || Юлдуз || Юлдуз || [[Вургун, Самед|Самад Вургун]] |- | 1958 || Ойгул и Бахтияр || Ойгул ва Бахтиёр || [[Хамид Алимджан]] |- | 1958 || [[Именем революции|Именем революции]] || Революция номи билан || [[Шатров, Михаил Филиппович|М. Шатров]] |- | 1959 || Орзигул || Орзигул || Турсун Собиров |- | 1959 || [[Ашик-Гариб|Ашик Гариб]] и Шахсанам||Ошиқ Ғариб ва Шоҳсанам|| Ахмад Бобожон |- | 1959 || Тайфун || Тайфун || Ахмад Бобожон |- | 1959 || Секреты паранджи || Паранжи сирлари || [[Ниязи, Хамза Хакимзаде|Хамза]] |- | 1960 || На высокой земле || Баланд ерда || [[Маликов, Кубанычбек Иманалиевич|Кубанычбек Маликов]] |- | 1960 || Ташбалта влюблён ||Тошболта ошиқ || [[Хамид Гулям]] |- | 1960 || [[Принцесса Турандот]] ||Малика Турандот || [[Гоцци, Карло|Карло Гоцци]] |- | 1961 || Если твоя голова кривая || Башаранг қийшиқ бўлса || Рихси Орифжонов |- | 1961 || Дилором|| Дилором || [[Яшен Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1962 || Два браслета || Икки билакузук || [https://archive.li/gDgg2 Шукур Саъдулла] |- | 1962 || Судьба отца || Отанинг тақдири || [[:ky:Жакиев Бексултан|Бексултан Жакиев]] |- | 1963 || Дитя || Фарзанд || Мухаммаджон Хайруллаев |- | 1963 || Голос из гроба || Тобутдан товуш || [[Каххар, Абдулла|Абдулла Каххар]] |- | 1963 || Мели хоббон, Наби товон || Мели ҳаббону Наби товон || Яхёхон Маматхонов |- | 1964 || Трагедия поэмы || Ғазал фожиаси || Ахмад Бобожон |- | 1964 || Дорогие девушки || Жон қизлар || Байсеитов, Шангитбоев |- | 1964 || [[Отелло|Отелло]] || Отелло || [[Шекспир, Уильям|У. Шекспир]] |- | 1964 || Чертова девушка || Шайтон қиз || [[Джантошев, Касымалы|Касымали Джантошев]] |- | 1964 || Нимми ||Нимми || [[Шривастав, Дханпатрай|Прем Чанд]] |- | 1965 || Гули сиёх || Гули сиёҳ || Сахиб Жамал |- | 1965 || Любовь в молодости || Ёшликда берган кўнгил || [[Фатхуллин, Зиннат Равилович|З. Фатхуллин]] |- | 1965 || Горный беркут || Тоғ бургути || [[Джантошев, Касымалы|Касымали Джантошев]] |- | 1965 || Полёт беркута || Бургутнинг парвози || [[Иззат Султан]] |- | 1966 || Неизвестный человек || Номаълум киши || [[Иззат Султан]] |- | 1966 || Гул и Навруз ||Гул ва Наврўз || [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1966 || Материнское поле ||Момо ер|| [[Айтматов, Чингиз Торекулович|Чингиз Айтматов]] |- | 1966 || Парвона || Парвона|| [[Уйгун]] |- | 1967 || Дилором || Дилором || [[Алишер Навои]] |- | 1967 || Абдулла Набиев || Абдулла Набиев|| [https://www.centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1095202218 Адхам Рахмат] |- | 1967 || Сваты ||Қудалар || [https://web.archive.org/web/20190221064815/http://taqvim.uz/uzc/event/view/2167 Уткир Рашид] |- | 1967 || Девушка с усами || Мўйловли қиз || [[Джантошев, Касымалы|Касымали Джантошев]] |- | 1968 || Скорпион из алтаря || Меҳробдан чаён|| [[Кадыри, Абдулла|Абдулла Кадыри]] |- | 1968 || [[Стряпуха (фильм)|Стряпуха замужем]] || Пазанда куёвга чиқди || [[Софронов, Анатолий Владимирович|Анатолий Софронов]] |- | 1968 || Новая невеста || Янги келин|| [[:ky:Тойбаев, Мырзабек Раевич|Мирзабек Тойбаев]] |- | 1968 || Меж двух огней || Икки ўт орасида|| Бекниёзов, Исмаилов |- | 1968 || Сожаление || Пушаймон|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|Абдугани Абдугафуров]] |- | 1969 || [[Женитьба (пьеса)|Женитьба]] || Уйланиш|| [[Гоголь, Николай Васильевич|Н. В. Гоголь]] |- | 1969 || Странные вещи || Ажаб савдолар|| [[Хамид Гулям]] |- | 1969 || Могучая волна || Қудратли тўлқин|| [[Рашидов, Шараф Рашидович|Шараф Рашидов]] |- | 1969 || Когда заря взойдёт над Ферганой || Фарғонада тонг отгунча|| [[:kk:Исмаили Мирзакалон|Мирзакалон Исмоилий]] |- | 1970 || Кто смеётся последним || Йиқилган тойганга кулар|| [[Абдумомунов, Токтоболот|Т. Абдумомунов]] |- | 1970 || Невеста за 5 сом || Беш сўмлик келин|| [[Ордубади, Мамед Саид|М. Ордубади]] |- | 1970 || Дешёвый жених || Арзон куёв|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180317092810/http://e-adabiyot.uz/kitoblar/malumot/515-antologiya.html Шухрат] |- | 1970 || Требуется лжец || Ёлғончи даркор|| [[Псатас, Димитрис|Димитрас Псафас]] |- | 1971 || Приключения Чанду || Чандунинг саргузаштлари|| А.Д. Иловайский |- | 1971 || Обман по шариату || Ҳийлаи шаръий|| [[Гюнтекин, Решат Нури|Гунтекин]] |- | 1971 || Рустам || Рустам|| Умаржон Исмаилов |- | 1971 || Перед рассветом || Тонг олдидан|| [[Сивцев, Дмитрий Кононович|Суорун Омоллоон]] |- | 1972 || Чертовое поколение || Шайтон авлод|| Мухтаров |- | 1972 || Девушка Атабека || Отабекнинг қизи|| [[Абдумомунов, Токтоболот|Токтоболот Абдумомунов]] |- | 1972 || Зло от аппетита || Балойи нафс || [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1973 || Начало жизни || Ҳаётнинг бошланиши|| Абдукаххор Маннонов |- | 1973 || [[Гроза (пьеса)|Гроза]] || Момақалдироқ|| [[Островский, Александр Николаевич|Александр Островский]] |- | 1973 || Ташбалта влюблён || Тошболта ошиқ|| [[Хамид Гулям]] |- | 1973 || Горная красавица || Тоғ гўзали|| Саидмуродов |- | 1974 || Куйдирмаган кундош || Куйдирмаган кундош|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1974 || Красавица || Соҳибжамол|| Жура Махмудов |- | 1974 || Аширбой || Аширбой|| [[Токомбаев, Аалы|Аалы Токомбаев]] |- | 1974 || Преступление без наказания || Жазосиз жиноят|| Рихси Орифжонов |- | 1974 || [[Бунт невесток (фильм)|Бунт невесток]] || Келинлар қўзғолони|| [[Хусанходжаев, Саид Ахмад|Саид Ахмад]] |- | 1975 || Орзигул || Орзигул|| Турсун Собиров |- | 1975 || [[Ревизор (комедия)|Ревизор]] || Ревизор|| [[Гоголь, Николай Васильевич|Н.В. Гоголь]] |- | 1975 || Человек издалека || Узоқдаги одам|| Умарахунов |- | 1975 || Старики с молодыми душами || Кўнгли ёш қариялар|| Хутаев |- | 1975 || Адолат || Адолат|| Исмаил Акрам |- | 1976 || Рука друга || Дўстим қўли|| Мехрибон Назаров |- | 1976 || Никому не говори || Ҳеч кимга айтма|| [[Абдумомунов, Токтоболот|Т. Абдумомунов]] |- | 1976 || Шутник Али || Масхарабоз Али|| Бабаханов |- | 1976 || Сундук секретов || Сирли сандиқ|| Ахмедов |- | 1977 || Переполох перед свадьбой || Тўй олдидан тўполон|| Папаян |- | 1977 || Уркуя || Урқуя|| [[Байтемиров, Насирдин|Насридин Байтемиров]] |- | 1977 || Наследство отцов || Оталар мероси|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1977 || Жалость к животному || Армонли жонивор|| [[Токомбаев, Аалы|Аалы Токомбаев]] |- | 1978 || Легендарная личность || Афсонавий шахс|| Сахиб Джамал |- | 1978 || Разбойник и гончар || Қароқчи билан кулол|| [https://www.centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1013880940 Мехмон Бахти] |- | 1978 || [[Симург|Семург]] || Семурғ|| [[Зульфия (поэтесса)|Зульфия]] |- | 1978 || Святой город || Муқаддас шаҳар|| [[Арбузов, Алексей Николаевич|А.Н. Арбузов]] |- | 1978 || Любовь к Родине || Ватан ишқи|| [[Фатхуллин, Зиннат Равилович|З. Фатхуллин]] |- | 1979 || Старый холостяк || Қари бўйдоқ|| [[:ky:Тойбаев, Мырзабек Раевич|Мирзабек Тойбаев]] |- | 1979 || Гул и Навруз || Гул ва Наврўз|| [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1979 || [[Васса Железнова]] || Васса Железнова|| [[Максим Горький]] |- | 1979 || Весна || Баҳор|| [[Тахмасиб, Мамедгусейн Абасгули оглы|М. Тахмасиб]] |- | 1979 || [[Бунт невесток (фильм)|Бунт невесток]] || Келинлар қўзғолони|| [[Хусанходжаев, Саид Ахмад|Саид Ахмад]] |- | 1980 || Два браслета || Икки билакузук|| [https://archive.today/20180306123216/http://ijod.uz/?p=5306 Шукур Саъдулла] |- | 1980 || Гипноз-2 || Гипноз-2|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1980 || Неркес || Неркес|| [[Кербабаев, Берды Мурадович|Берди Кербабаев]] |- | 1980 || [[Мещанин во дворянстве]] || Сохта оқсуяк|| [[Мольер]] |- | 1981 || Белый жеребец || Оқ тулпор|| [[Садыбакасов, Шатман|Шатман Садыбакасов]] |- | 1981 || Посмертный долг || Қиёмат қарз|| [[Умарбеков, Ульмас Рахимбекович|Улмас Умарбеков]] |- | 1981 || Дорога в Чаткал || Чотқолга йўл|| Максим Каримов |- | 1981 || Дешёвый зять || Арзон куёв|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180317092810/http://e-adabiyot.uz/kitoblar/malumot/515-antologiya.html Шухрат] |- | 1982 || Приглашаем на свадьбу || Тўйлар муборак|| [[Хашимов, Уткир|Уткир Хашимов]] |- | 1982 || [[Медея]] || Медея|| [[Эврипид]] |- | 1982 || [[Омар Хайям]] || Умар Хайём|| [[Гюнтекин, Решат Нури|Гунтекин]] |- | 1982 || Не зная наступил колючку || Билмайин босдим тиконни|| [[Иззат Султан]] |- | 1983 || Изобретательный Талмас || Топқир Толмас|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1983 || Кровавый мираж || Қонли сароб|| [[Азимов, Сарвар Алимджанович|Сарвар Азимов]] |- | 1983 || [[Тахир и Зухра]] || Тоҳир ва Зуҳра|| [[Абдулла, Сабир|Сабир Абдулла]] |- | 1983 || [[Первый учитель]] || Биринчи ўқитувчи|| [[Айтматов, Чингиз Торекулович|Чингиз Айтматов]] |- | 1983 || [[В ночь лунного затмения (пьеса)|В ночь лунного затмения]] || Ой тутилган кунда|| [[Мустай Карим]] |- | 1984 || Конец традиций || Одат ҳалокати|| Мехрибон Назаров |- | 1984 || Дорогие девушки || Жон қизлар|| Байсеитов, Шангитбаев |- | 1985 || [[Похождения Насреддина]] || Хўжа Насриддин|| [[Виткович, Виктор Станиславович|В. Виткович]] |- | 1985 || Путешествие в мир тайн || Сирлар дунёсига саёҳат|| Умаржон Алимжанов |- | 1985 || Зебунисо || Зебунисо|| [[Уйгун]] |- | 1985 || [[Мещанин во дворянстве]] || Сохта оқсуяк|| [[Мольер]] |- | 1985 || Наследство || Мерос|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1986 || Если не я, то кто? || Мен бўлмасам ким?|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1986 || Полёт || Парвоз|| [[Уйгун]] |- | 1986 || Проделки Майсары || Майсаранинг иши|| [[Хамза Хакимзаде Ниязи|Хамза]] |- | 1987 || Кровавый мираж || Қонли сароб|| [[Азимов, Сарвар Алимджанович|Сарвар Азимов]] |- | 1987 || Конфета дружбы || Дўстлик конфети|| Умаржон Алимжанов |- | 1987 || Семетей сын [[Манас]]а || Манаснинг ўғли Семетей|| [[Садыков, Жалил|Жалил Садиков]] |- | 1987 || Весна двадцать первого || 21-йил баҳори|| [[Штейн, Александр Петрович|Штейн]] |- | 1988 || Врата судьбы || Тақдир эшиги|| [[:uz:Sharof Boshbekov|Шараф Башбеков]] |- | 1989 || Прекрасная принцесса Ташкента || Тошкентнинг нозанин маликаси|| Хайдар Мухаммад |- | 1989 || Зять || Куёв|| [[Хусанходжаев, Саид Ахмад|Саид Ахмад]] |- | 1989 || Ёрилтош || Ёрилтош|| [https://archive.today/20180306123216/http://ijod.uz/?p=5306 Шукур Саъдулла] |- | 1989 || Адолат || Адолат|| Исмаил Акрам |- | 1990 || Враг народа || Халқ душмани|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1990 || Согдиана || Суғдиёна|| Умаржон Алимжанов |- | 1990 || Равшан и Зулхумор || Равшан ва Зулхумор|| [[Яшен, Камиль|К.Яшин]] |- | 1991 || Упрямый зять || Қайсар куёв|| [https://www.centrasia.org/person2.php?st=1013880940 Мехмон Бахти] |- | 1991 || [[Курманжан Датка]] || Қурвонжон Додхо|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1992 || 5 жён [[Ходжа Насреддин|Афанди]] || Афандининг беш хотини|| Иброхим Содиков |- | 1992 || Соляная степь || Шўр макон|| [[:ky:Гапаров Мурза|Мурза Гапаров]] |- | 1992 || Нодира || Нодира|| Хошимжон Раззоков |- | 1993 || Путь в рай || Жаннатга йўл|| [[Арипов, Абдулла|Абдулла Орипов]] |- | 1993 || Кто смеётся последним || Йиқилган тойга кулар|| [[Абдумомунов, Токтоболот|Токтоболот Абдумомунов]] |- | 1993 || Таинственный колос || Сирли бошоқ|| Равшан Ёриев |- | 1993 || Когда земля горит || Ер ёнганда|| [[Умарбеков, Ульмас Рахимбекович|Улмас Умарбеков]] |- | 1994 || Современные зятья || Замонавий куёвлар|| Камилжан Нишанов |- | 1994 || Хасан-Хусан разборщики || Ҳасан-Ҳусан разборчилар|| Умаржон Алимжанов |- | 1995 || Ташбалта влюблён || Тошболта ошиқ|| [[Хамид Гулям]] |- | 1995 || Семетей сын [[Манас]]а || Манаснинг ўғли Семетей|| [[Садыков, Жалил|Жалил Садиков]] |- | 1995 || Могучая волна || Қудратли тўлқин|| [[Рашидов, Шараф Рашидович|Шараф Рашидов]] |- | 1996 || Сохибкирон (Венценосец) || Соҳибқирон|| [[Арипов, Абдулла|Абдулла Орипов]] |- | 1996 || Хочу умереть, нужен спонсор || Ўлмоқчиман, ҳомий керак|| [[:ky:Гапаров Мурза|Мурза Гапаров]] |- | 1996 || [[Симург|Семург]] || Семурғ|| [[Зульфия (поэтесса)|Зульфия]] |- | 1997 || [[Чулпан, Абдулхамид Сулейман угли|Чулпан]] || Чўлпон|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20141106221003/http://ijod.uz/?p=1933 Тулан Низам] |- | 1998 || Когда выйдет получше || Зўрдан зўр чиқса|| [[:uz:Sharof Boshbekov|Шараф Башбеков]] |- | 1998 || Камчибек || Қамчибек|| [[:ky:Жетимишов, Суранчы|Суранчи Жетимишев]] |- | 1998 || Золотой кувшин || Олтин кўза|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180115032801/http://www.nlkg.kg/ru/projects/little-kirghizstan/vsya-nasha-zhizn-%E2%80%93-teatr Эркин Байназаров] |- | 1999 || Процентщик Ланкабай || Процентчи Ланкабой|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 1999 || [[Макбет (пьеса)|Макбет]] || Макбет|| У.[[Шекспир]] |- | 2000 || Песня о [[Бабур]]е || Бобур ҳақида қўшиқ|| [[Садыков, Жалил|Жалил Садиков]] |- | 2001 || Ёрилтош || Ёрилтош|| [https://archive.today/20180306123216/http://ijod.uz/?p=5306 Шукур Саъдулла] |- | 2001 || Одолжи супруга || Эрингни бериб тур|| Сайлавбай Джумагулов |- | 2002 || Тайна, унесённая [[Чингизхан]]ом || Чингизхон олиб кетган сир|| [[Мухтар Шаханов]] |- | 2002 || Жизнь || Оби ҳаёт|| Джамал Акматалиев |- | 2003 || Когда выйдет получше || Зўрдан зўр чиқса|| [[:uz:Sharof Boshbekov|Шараф Башбеков]] |- | 2003 || [[Чулпан, Абдулхамид Сулейман угли|Чулпан]] || Чўлпон|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20141106221003/http://ijod.uz/?p=1933 Тулан Низам] |- | 2004 || Соляная степь || Шўр макон|| [[:ky:Гапаров Мурза|Мурза Гапаров]] |- | 2004 || [[Улугбек|“Любовь Улугбека”]] || Улуғбек муҳаббати||[[Шейхзаде, Максуд|Максуд Шайхзада]] |- | 2005 || Песня о [[Бабур]]е || Бобур ҳақида қўшиқ|| [[Садыков, Жалил|Жалил Садиков]] |- | 2005 || Золотая девушка || Олтин қиз|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20190824063626/https://saviya.uz/hayot/tarjimai-hol/hayitmat-rasul-1937/ Хайитмат Расул] |- | 2006 || Слёзы царицы || Маликанинг кўз ёши|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2006 || Эгривой и Тўгривой || Эгривой ва Тўғривой|| Айбек Юлдашев |- | 2007 || Лес чудес || Ғаройиботлар ўрмони|| Иномжон Турсунов |- | 2007 || Исповедь || Муножот|| [[Зульфикаров, Тимур Касимович|Тимур Зулфикаров]] |- | 2008 || [[Лейла и Меджнун]] || Лайли ва Мажнун|| Хуршид |- | 2008 || Друзья петушатники || Хўрозбоз жўралар|| [https://web.archive.org/web/20180115032801/http://www.nlkg.kg/ru/projects/little-kirghizstan/vsya-nasha-zhizn-%E2%80%93-teatr Эркин Байназаров] |- | 2008 || Вечные судороги || Мангу талваса|| У. [[Шекспир]], А.С. [[Пушкин]] |- | 2009 || Далёкий путь в Мекку || Макка сари олис йўл|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2009 || Старики озорники || Бу чоллар ёмон чоллар|| [http://people.ziyonet.uz/ru/person/view/hakimov_oxunjon Охунжон Хакимов] {{Wayback|url=http://people.ziyonet.uz/ru/person/view/hakimov_oxunjon |date=20180821160549 }} |- | 2009 || Неблагодарные || Ношукурлар|| Насрулла Кабул |- | 2009 || Волшебный мешок || Сеҳрли қоп|| [[:uz:Olimjon Salimov|Олимжон Салимов]] |- | 2010 || [[Плаха (роман)|Плаха]] || Қиёмат|| [[Айтматов, Чингиз Торекулович|Чингиз Айтматов]] |- | 2010 || Слёзы царицы || Маликанинг кўз ёши|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2010 || Ловушка || Фитна|| Насрулла Кабул |- | 2010 || Жаркынай || Ёрқинойим|| [[:ky:Иманалиев, Кайрат|Кайрат Иманалиев]] |- | 2011 || Далёкий путь в Мекку || Макка сари олис йўл|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2011 || Слёзы царицы || Маликанинг кўз ёши|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2011 || [[Лейла и Меджнун]] || Лайли ва Мажнун|| Хуршид |- | 2011 || Старики озорники || Бу чоллар ёмон чоллар|| [http://people.ziyonet.uz/ru/person/view/hakimov_oxunjon Охунжон Хакимов] {{Wayback|url=http://people.ziyonet.uz/ru/person/view/hakimov_oxunjon |date=20180821160549 }} |- | 2012 || Царица змей || Илонлар маликаси|| Ином Турсунов |- | 2012 || Боль болью не лечат || Қалбга озор етмасин|| [[:ky:Жакиев Бексултан|Б. Жакиев]] |- | 2012 || Разум и Алчность || Ақл ва Очкўзлик|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 2012 || Путешествие в империю Лжи || Ёлғон империясига саёҳат|| [[:ky:Абдугани Абдугафуров|А. Абдугафуров]] |- | 2013 || Слёзы царицы || Маликанинг кўз ёши|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2013 || Далёкий путь в Мекку || Макка сари олис йўл|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2013 || [[Лейла и Меджнун]] || Лайли ва Мажнун|| Хуршид |- | 2013 || Боль болью не лечат || Қалбга озор етмасин|| [[:ky:Жакиев Бексултан|Б. Жакиев]] |- | 2013 || Исповедь || Муножот|| [[Зульфикаров, Тимур Касимович|Тимур Зулфикаров]] |- | 2014 || Семетей сын [[Манас]]а || Манаснинг ўғли Семетей|| [[Садыков, Жалил|Жалил Садиков]] |- | 2014 || [[Слуга двух господ]] || Икки хўжайинга бир қул|| [[Гольдони, Карло|К.Гольдони]] |- | 2014 || [[Плаха (роман)|Плаха]] (Плач волчицы) || Қиёмат|| [[Айтматов, Чингиз Торекулович|Чингиз Айтматов]] |- | 2014 || Часы времени || Вақт соати|| |- | 2014 || Прости меня || Кечир мени|| Гуласал Алиева |- | 2015 || Барсбек [[каган]] || Барсбек хоқон|| [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2015 || 5 жён [[Ходжа Насреддин|Афанди]] || Афандининг беш хотини|| Иброхим Содиков |- | 2015 || Боль болью не лечат || Қалбга озор етмасин|| [[:ky:Жакиев Бексултан|Б. Жакиев]] |- | 2015 || Шесть жён на одного вдовца || Бир бевага олти хотин|| |- | 2015 || [[Маугли (персонаж)|Маугли]] || Маугли|| [[Киплинг, Редьярд|Д.Р.Киплинг]] |- | 2016 || Барсбек || Барсбек || [[Раев, Султан Акимович|Султан Раев]] |- | 2016 || Сердце матери || Она юраги || М. Камилжанов |- | 2016 || Шесть жён на одного вдовца || Бир бевага олти хотин|| |- | 2016 || [[Манас]] Великодушный || Саҳоватли Манас|| [[Садыков, Жалил|Жалил Садиков]] |- | 2017 || Душевные смятения Бабура || Бобур туғёни|| [[Кадыров, Пиримкул|П. Кодиров]] |- | 2017 || Тайны зеркала || Кўзгу сири|| [[:kk:Рахымжан Отарбаев|Р. Отарбаев]] |- | 2017 || [[Ричард III (пьеса)|Ричард III]] || Ричард III || [[Шекспир, Уильям|Уильям Шекспир]] |- | 2017 || Зумрад и Киммат || Зумрад ва Қиммат|| Узбекская народная сказка |- | 2018 || "Звезда надежды" ([[Пегий пёс, бегущий краем моря (повесть)|Пегий пёс, бегущий краем моря]]) || Умид юлдузи|| [[Айтматов, Чингиз Торекулович|Чингиз Айтматов]] |- | 2018 || Небеса полны милосердия || Осмоннинг бағри кенг || Сирожиддин Салохиддинов |- | 2018 || Дураки || Жиннилар || Иранская народная сказка |- |} ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Tixraacyada== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160310012811/http://ru.sputnik.kg/culture/20160117/1021630041.html Спектакль "Барсбек" будет представлять Кыргызстан на международном фестивале в Турции] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150202215028/http://www.echoosha.narod.ru/March07/deti.htm <small>Актёрская династия</small>] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150202205819/http://www.echoosha.narod.ru/December08/teatr.htm <small>Они стояли у истоков</small>] * [http://www.alliance-press.kg/ru/news/view/717 <small>27 марта – Всемирный день театра</small>] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180606231549/http://rus.kg/news_rus/interesno_rus/50898-k-100-letiyu-stareyshego-teatra-kyrgyzstana.html <small>К 100 летию старейшего театра Кыргызстана</small>] * [http://slovo.kg/?p=96889 <small>Старейшему театру Кыргызстана — 100 лет</small>] {{Wayback|url=http://slovo.kg/?p=96889 |date=20180426064100 }} * [https://daryo.uz/k/2018/03/30/markaziy-osiyodagi-eng-keksa-professional-teatr-100-yoshga-toldi/ <small>Марказий Осиёдаги энг кекса профессионал театр 100 ёшга тўлди</small>] * [https://24.kg/obschestvo/60162_segodnya_vbishkeke_informatsionnaya_karta/ Люди, которые меняли мир] * [https://24.kg/obschestvo/77551_segodnya_vbishkeke_informatsionnaya_karta/ <small>Люди, которые меняли мир</small>] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190403110620/https://www.peoplelife.ru/174413 Биографии известных людей] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091305/http://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ky-kg/39812?cl=ru-ru <small>Указ Президента Кыргызстана №354 от 14.10.2004 года</small>] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151001122051/http://www.knews.kg/culture/39275_osh_stareyshiy_teatr_respubliki_otmetil_svoe_95-letie/ <small>Ош старейший театр республики отметил своё 95-летие</small>] * [http://www.24kg.org/kultura/2757/ <small>В Кыргызстане Ошскому узбекскому театру музыкальной драмы 95 лет</small>] {{Wayback|url=http://www.24kg.org/kultura/2757/ |date=20160425211706 }} * [http://www.osh.turmush.kg/ru/news:93883 <small>Ошский академический узбекский музыкально-драматический театр имени Бабура 29 ноября отметит своё 95-летие</small>] * [http://www.for.kg/news-298789-ru.html <small>В Ошском театре имени Бабура за 95-летний период работы поставлено около 600 спектаклей</small>] {{Wayback|url=http://www.for.kg/news-298789-ru.html |date=20180826150333 }} * 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[https://24.kg/obschestvo/60162_segodnya_vbishkeke_informatsionnaya_karta/ Люди, которые меняли мир] * [http://www.bbc.com/uzbek/uzbekistan-40191001 "Жайдари келин" чегара оша томоша кўрсатди] * [https://centre1.com/kyrgyzstan/v-oshe-postavili-dushevnye-smyateniya-babura-s-pomoshhyu-uzbekistana/ <small>В Оше поставили «Душевные смятения Бабура» с помощью Узбекистана</small>] {{Wayback|url=https://centre1.com/kyrgyzstan/v-oshe-postavili-dushevnye-smyateniya-babura-s-pomoshhyu-uzbekistana/ |date=20180828203242 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180210202307/http://www.alliance-press.kg/ru/news/view/614 <small>Пред юбилейный сезон театра имени Бабура</small>] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171028185017/http://vlast.kg/art/teatr-imeni-babura-100-let-na-sluzhbe-u-mul-tikul-turalizma-i-polie-tnichnosti/ <small>Театр имени Бабура: 100 лет на службе у мультикультурализма и полиэтничности</small>] * [https://newspaperarchive.com/frunze-sovetnik-kyrgyzstan-aug-29-1972-p-4/ <small>Газета "Советтик Киргизстан" №203 29.08.1972 г. стр.4</small>] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=264L-aepbFQ <small>Документальный фильм студия "Кыргызтелефильм" "Ошский государственный узбекский музыкально-драматический театр имени Бабура"</small>] [[Category:Aasiya]] [[Category:Kirgistan]] 3oco43lno7s79j690b18h54oa8uoec1 0 24826 298841 293924 2026-06-19T07:38:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298841 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Algeria== *'''[[Algiers]]''' :{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Amsterdam]], [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]] :{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] :{{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[China]] (1989) :{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Berlin]], [[Germany]] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Bordeaux]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]] :{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]] :{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] :{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] :{{flagicon|Western Sahara}} [[El Aaiun]], [[Western Sahara]] :{{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] :{{flagicon|UK}} [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] :{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] :{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Russia]] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|North Korea}} [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908195204/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2000/200002/news02/10.htm#13|archive-date=8 September 2017|url=http://kcna.co.jp/item/2000/200001/news01/06.htm#3|date=6 January 2000|accessdate=3 December 2017|publisher=KCNA|title=Anniversary of sister-city relations}}</ref> :{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rome]], [[Italy]] :{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Santiago]], [[Chile]] :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] :{{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], [[China]] :{{flagicon|Libya}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]] :{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] *'''[[Béjaïa]]''' :{{flagicon|France}} [[Brest, France|Brest]], [[France]] (1995) *[[Constantine, Algeria|'''Constantine''']] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Grenoble]], [[France]]<ref name="Grenoble">{{cite web|author=Jérôme Steffenino, Marguerite Masson |url=http://www.grenoble.fr/103-jumelages-et-cooperations.htm |title=Ville de Grenoble – Coopérations et villes jumelles |publisher=Grenoble.fr |date= |accessdate=9 August 2011}}</ref> :{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] :{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Sousse]], [[Tunisia]] *[[Mascara, Algeria|'''Mascara''']] :{{flagicon|Western Sahara}} [[Tifariti]], [[Western Sahara]] *[[Oran|'''Wahrān''']] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Bordeaux]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] :{{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Durban]], [[South Africa]]<ref name="Durban">{{cite web|url=http://www.durban.gov.za/durban/government/igr/idr/sister |title=Sister Cities Home Page |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810060743/http://www.durban.gov.za/durban/government/igr/idr/sister |archivedate=10 August 2011 |df= }} eThekwini Online: The Official Site of the City of Durban</ref> :{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Elche]], [[Spain]] :{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]], [[Poland]] :{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] :{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Oujda]], [[Morocco]] :{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Sfax]], [[Tunisia]] :{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Zarqa]], [[Jordan]] ==Angola== *'''[[Luanda]]''' : {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] : {{flagicon|USA}} [[Houston]], [[United States]] (2003) : {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto]], [[Portugal]]<ref name="Porto">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf |title=International Relations of the City of Porto |publisher=[[copyright|]] 2006–2009 Municipal Directorateofthe PresidencyServices InternationalRelationsOffice |accessdate=10 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113054303/http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf |archivedate=13 January 2012 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=C.M. Porto |url=http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?sid=cmp.sections%2F521 |access-date=2021-08-09 |archive-date=2011-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515093608/http://www.cm-porto.pt/gen.pl?sid=cmp.sections%2F521 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], [[Brazil]] :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]<ref name="São Paulo">[http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 Prefeitura.Sp – Descentralized Cooperation] {{Wayback|url=http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 |date=20081224222805 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222805/http://www2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/ingles/descentralized_cooperation/sister_cities/0001 |date=24 December 2008 }}</ref><ref name="São Paulo2">[http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 International Relations – São Paulo City Hall – Official Sister Cities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100521024206/http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/relacoes_internacionais/cidadesirmas/index.php?p=1066 |date=21 May 2010 }}</ref> :{{flagicon|Niger}} [[Tahoua]], [[Niger]] ==Benin== *'''[[Cotonou]]''' : {{flagicon|USA}} [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], USA : {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] ==Botswana== *'''[[Gaborone]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Burbank, California|Burbank]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Burbank's Sister Cities |url=http://www.burbanksistercity.org/burbank_sister_cities.html |publisher=Burbank Sister City Organization |accessdate=22 July 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68hX04xJk?url=http://www.burbanksistercity.org/burbank_sister_cities.html |archivedate=26 June 2012 |df= }}</ref> :{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Västerås]], [[Sweden]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20111027&i=Gaborone_Västerås_city_councils_twin |title=Gaborone, Västerås city councils twin |date=27 October 2011 |publisher=Daily News |location=Gaborone |accessdate=23 June 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68dnphB7L?url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20111027&i=Gaborone_Vasteras_city_councils_twin |archivedate=23 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> :{{flagicon|China}} [[Zhejiang|Zhejiang Province]], [[China]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=10&dir=2009/April/Wednesday1 |title=Chinese firms to build massive industrial park |last=Mooketsi |first=Lekopanye |date=1 April 2009 |publisher=Mmegi |quote=The last event was the signing ceremony for a twinning arrangement between Zhejiang Province and the Gaborone City Council. |accessdate=3 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162758/http://mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&aid=10&dir=2009%2FApril%2FWednesday1 |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> ==Burkina Faso== * '''[[Fada N'gourma]]''' :{{flagicon|Ghana}} [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], [[Ghana]] (2003)<ref name="Fada-Tamale">{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=49121|title=Tamale establishes links with sister city in Burkina-Faso|work=Ghanaweb/Ghana News Agency|date=31 December 2003}}</ref> : {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] ==Cameroon== *'''[[Bamenda]]''' {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dordrecht]], [[Kingdom of the Netherlands|Netherlands]] *'''[[Douala]]''' :{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], [[United States]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]], [[United States]] (1986) *[[Limbe, Cameroon|'''Limbe''']] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Brieuc]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|Saint John's]], [[Antigua and Barbuda]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Seattle]], [[United States]] ==Cape Verde== {{main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Cape Verde}} *[[Vila do Maio|'''Maio''']] :{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Loures]], [[Portugal]] (1993) *'''[[Praia]]''' :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Fortaleza]], [[Brazil]] :{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Funchal]], [[Portugal]] ==Djibouti== *[[Djibouti (city)|'''Djibouti''']] :{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[La Paz]] - [[Mexico]] :{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rimini]], [[Talyaaniga]] ==Egypt== {{Main|List of sister cities in Egypt}} ==Equatorial Guinea== *[[Cogo, Equatorial Guinea|'''Cogo''']] :{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]], [[Spain]] *'''[[Malabo]]''' :{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Guadalajara]], [[Mexico]] ==Ethiopia== *'''[[Addis Ababa]]''' :{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Lyon]], [[France]] *'''[[Axum]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Denver]], [[United States]] (1995) *'''[[Bahir Dar]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Cleveland]], [[United States]] (2004) *'''[[Dire Dawa]]''' :{{flagicon|China}} [[Gongyi]], [[China]] :{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Villeurbanne]], [[France]] *'''[[Gondar]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]], [[United States]] ==Gambia== *'''[[Banjul]]''' : {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] ==Ghana== *'''[[Accra]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], [[United States]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]], [[United States]]<ref>[http://www.columbiawac.org/sister_cities.html Columbia's Sister Cities] {{Wayback|url=http://www.columbiawac.org/sister_cities.html |date=20130908223320 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908223320/http://columbiawac.org/sister_cities.html |date=8 September 2013 }}</ref> :{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], [[United States]] :[[Cheyenne, Wyoming]], [[United States]] *[[Tamale, Ghana|'''Tamale''']] :{{flagicon|BFA}} [[Fada N'gourma]], [[Burkina Faso]] (2003)<ref name="Fada-Tamale" /> :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[United States]] (1979)<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sister Cities of Louisville |url=http://www.sclou.org/ |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-date=2019-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128235415/https://www.sclou.org/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> :{{flagicon|NER}} [[Commune II (Niamey)|Niamey Commune II]], [[Niger]] (2008)<ref name="Niamey II-Tamale">{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/155193/1/tamale-signs-mou-with-niamey-commune-ii.htm|title=Tamale signs MOU with Niamey Commune II|work=Modern Ghana/Ghana News Agency|date=23 January 2008}}</ref> * '''[[Tema]]''' :{{flagicon|UK}} [[Greenwich]], [[United Kingdom]] ==Kenya== *[[Bura, Taita-Taveta District, Kenya|'''Bura''']] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Newburyport, Massachusetts|Newburyport]], [[United States]] *'''[[Esabalu]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Amesbury, Massachusetts|Amesbury]], [[United States]] *'''[[Kisumu]]''' :{{flagicon|UK}} [[Cheltenham]], [[United Kingdom]] *'''[[Mombasa]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}}[[Seattle]], [[United States]] *'''[[Nairobi]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Denver]], [[United States]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], [[United States]] *'''[[Nakuru]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[East Orange, New Jersey|East Orange,]] [[United States]] *'''[[Nyeri]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Amherst, Massachusetts|Amherst]], [[United States]] ==Lesotho== *'''[[Maseru]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[United States]] ==Liberia== *'''[[Monrovia]]''' : {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] : {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], [[Ohio]], USA ==Libya== *'''[[Tripoli]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Baltimore]], [[United States]] :{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]] (2003) :{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] :{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (1976) ==Madagascar== *'''[[Antananarivo]]''' :{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], [[Canada]] :{{flagicon|China}} [[Suzhou]], [[China]] :{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Vorkuta]], [[Russia]] :{{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]] *'''[[Antsirabe]]''' :{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Levallois-Perret]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Montluçon]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|Mauritius}} [[Vacoas-Phoenix]], [[Mauritius]] *'''[[Ambalavao]]''' :{{flagicon|Mauritius}} [[Quatre Bornes]], [[Mauritius]] :{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Benoît, Réunion|Saint-Benoît]], [[La Réunion|Réunion]] *'''[[Moramanga]]''' :{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion|Sainte-Suzanne]], [[La Réunion|Réunion]] *'''[[Nosy Be]]''' :{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Naples]], [[Italy]] ==Malawi== *'''[[Lilongwe]]''' : {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] ==Mali== *'''[[Bamako]]''' :{{flagicon|France}} [[Angers]], [[France]] (since MQ 1974) :{{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[Bobo-Dioulasso|Bobo Dioulasso]], [[Burkina Faso]] :{{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] :{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Leipzig]], [[Germany]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Rochester, New York|Rochester,]] [[United States]] (since 1975) :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]] *'''[[Gao]]''' :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley,]] [[United States]] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Thionville]], [[France]] *'''[[Mopti]]''' :{{flagicon|France}} [[Mortagne-au-Perche]], [[France]] *'''[[Segou]]''' :{{flagicon|France}} [[Angoulême]], [[France]] (since 1984) :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond,]] [[United States]] *'''[[Timbuktu]]''' :{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Chemnitz]], [[Germany]] :{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Hay-on-Wye]], [[United Kingdom]] :{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] :{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Kairouan]], [[Tunisia]] :{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Marrakesh|Marrakech]], [[Morocco]] :{{flagicon|France}} [[Saintes, Charente-Maritime|Saintes]], [[France]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tempe, Arizona|Tempe,]] [[United States]] :{{flagicon|Western Sahara}} [[Tifariti]], [[Western Sahara]] ==Mauritius== *[[Port Louis]] {{col-begin}} : {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad]], India : {{flagicon|QAT}} [[Doha]], Qatar : {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Foshan]], [[Guangdong]], China : {{flagicon|GAB}} [[Franceville]], Gabon : {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jaipur]], India : {{flagicon|PAK}} [[Karachi]], Pakistan : {{flagicon|FRA}} [[La Possession]], Réunion : {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Le Port, Réunion|Le Port]], Réunion : {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Quebec City]], Canada : {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Saint-Malo]], France : {{flagicon|IND}} [[Surat]], [[Gujarat]], India {{col-end}} *[[Beau-Bassin Rose-Hill]] : {{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Pierre, Réunion]] : {{flagicon|Mauritius}} [[Quartier Militaire]], Mauritius *[[Curepipe]] : {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Castel Gandolfo]], Italy *[[Vacoas-Phoenix]] : {{flagicon|India}} [[Pune]], India : {{flagicon|MDG}} [[Antsirabé]], Madagascar : {{flagicon|France}} [[Sainte-Suzanne, Réunion]] *[[Quatre Bornes]] : {{flagicon|France}} [[Saint-Benoît, Réunion]] : {{flagicon|MDG}} [[Ambalavao]], Madagascar ==Morocco== *[[Asilah]] :[[Sintra]], Portugal *[[Casablanca]] :[[Algiers]], Algeria :[[Bordeaux]], France :Chicago, United States :Shanghai, China *[[El Jadida]] :[[Vierzon]], France *[[Essaouira]] :[[La Rochelle]], France <small>''(since 1999)''</small><ref name="La Rochelle">{{cite web |url=http://www.ville-larochelle.fr/en/decouvrir-la-ville/villes-jumelles.html |title=La Rochelle: Twin towns |publisher=www.ville-larochelle.fr |accessdate=7 November 2009 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=20 Bisha Tobnaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020095103/http://www.ville-larochelle.fr/en/decouvrir-la-ville/villes-jumelles.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Fes]] :[[Montpellier]], France, since 1961 :[[Strasbourg]], France, since 1961 :[[Florence]], Italy, (since 1961)'' :[[Kairouan]], Tunisia, since 1965 :[[Saint-Louis, Senegal|Saint Louis]], Senegal, since 1979 :[[Coimbra]], Portugal<ref name="Coimbra Twinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=128|title=Acordos de Geminação|publisher=2009 [http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/ Câmara Municipal de Coimbra]&nbsp;– Praça 8 de Maio&nbsp;– 3000-300 Coimbra|language=Portuguese|accessdate=25 June 2009|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=23 Bisha Todobaad 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723230333/http://www.cm-coimbra.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=128|dead-url=yes}}</ref> :[[Bobo-Dioulasso|Bobo Dioulasso]], Burkina Faso, since 2003 :[[Lahore]], Pakistan :[[Suwon]], South Korea, since 2003 :[[İzmir]], Turkey, since 1995<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.İzmir-yerelgundem21.org.tr/kardes.htm| title = Sister cities of İzmir (1/7)| publisher = | accessdate = 1 November 2008| language = Turkish}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> :[[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], Mexico :[[Jerusalem]], Palestine(Israel) since 1981 *[[Marrakech]] :[[Timbuktu]], Mali :[[Mashhad]], Iran, since October 2011 *[[Meknes]] :[[Cenon]], France :[[Reims]], France, since 2011 :[[Nîmes]], France, since 2005 :[[Almaty]], Kazakhstan *[[Mohammedia]] :[[Ghent]], Belgium *[[Oujda]] :{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Trowbridge]], England, UK (2006) :[[Jouy le Moutier]], France *[[Rabat]] :[[Cairo]], Egypt *[[Tangier]] :[[Faro, Portugal]] (1954) *[[Tetouan]] :[[Granada]], Spain :[[Píñar]], Spain :[[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]], Argentina :[[Terrassa]], Spain, since June 19th, 2002 ==Mozambique== *[[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] :{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bristol]], England, UK (1990) *[[Maputo]] :[[Lisbon]], Portugal *[[Matola]] :[[Loures]], Portugal (1996) :[[Johannesburg]], South Africa ==Namibia== *[[Tsumeb]] :{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]], England, UK :[[Elverum]], Norway *[[Windhoek]] :[[Johannesburg]], South Africa :[[San Antonio]], [[Texas]] U.S.A.,<ref>http://www.sanantonio.gov/Clerk/News-Releases-Events/ArtMID/13292/ArticleID/8990/Windhoek-becomes-first-San-Antonio-Sister-City-in-Africa-10th-total</ref> ==Niger== *[[Commune II (Niamey)|Niamey Commune II]] :[[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Ghana (2008)<ref name="Niamey II-Tamale"/> ==Nigeria== {{Refimprove section|date=September 2015}} *[[Abuja]] :[[Brasília]], Brazil. :[[Detroit]], United States. :[[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada. *[[Lagos]]<ref name=SC>{{cite web |url=http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Lagos,%20Nigeria |publisher=SisterCities International |title=Lagos, Nigeria |location=Washington DC, USA |accessdate=2015-03-28 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171311/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Lagos,%20Nigeria |dead-url=yes }}</ref> :[[Atlanta, Georgia]], USA :[[Gary, Indiana]], USA *[[Ibadan]] :[[Cleveland, Ohio]], USA *[[Onitsha]] :[[Compton, Ca]]lifornia, United States (2010)<ref name=Sistercities>{{cite web|url=http://www.comptonsistercities.org/ |title=Sister Cities of Compton |publisher=comptonsistercities.org |accessdate=2 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123040049/http://www.comptonsistercities.org/ |archivedate=23 January 2016 |df= }}</ref> *[[Orlu, Nigeria|Old Orlu]] :[[Austin, Texas|Austin]], USA *[[Owerri, Nigeria|Owerri]] :[[Gresham, Oregon|Gresham]], USA ==Republic of the Congo== *[[Brazzaville]]<ref>http://en.db-city.com/Congo--Brazzaville</ref> :[[Dresden]], Germany (1975)<ref name=jumelage>{{cite web |url=http://www.brazzaville.cg/fr/coop%C3%A9ration |title=Coopération |language=fr |work=Brazzaville.cg |publisher=Commune de Brazzaville, Congo |accessdate=12 September 2017 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=5 Bisha Sagaalaad 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905140926/http://brazzaville.cg/fr/coop%C3%A9ration |dead-url=yes }}</ref> :[[Windhoek]], Namibia :[[Kinshasa]], Democratic Republic of the Congo :[[Dakar]], Senegal :[[Rheims]], France ==Democratic Republic of the Congo== *[[Kinshasa]] :[[Brazzaville]], Republic of the Congo :[[Brussels]], Belgium ''(since 2002)'' :[[Johannesburg]], South Africa ==Rwanda== *[[Kigali]] :[[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]], USA ==Senegal== *[[Dakar]] :{{flagicon|ALG}} [[Algiers]], Algeria *[[Saint-Louis, Senegal|Saint-Louis]] :{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Fortaleza]], Brazil : {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]], [[Republic of China]] ==São Tomé and Principe== *[[São Tomé]] :[[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]<ref name=TwinsAndCoop>{{cite web |url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |title=Geminações de Cidades e Vilas: Lisbon |publisher=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities] |language=Portuguese |location=Lisbon, Portugal |trans-title=Twinning Cities and Towns: Lisbon |accessdate=2015-03-12 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175323/http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=TwinsAndFriendships>{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |title=Acordos de geminação, de cooperação e de amizade |publisher=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=Portuguese |trans-title=Twinning agreements, cooperation and friendship |location=Lisbon, Portugal |accessdate=2015-03-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archivedate=31 October 2013 |df= }}</ref> :[[Kingstown]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} ==Sierra Leone== *[[Freetown]] :{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], England, UK :[[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], United States :[[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], United States *[[Makeni]] :[[Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania|Wilkinsburg]], United States ==Somalia== *[[Borama]] :{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Henley-on-Thames]],[[UK]] *[[Bosaso]] :[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] :[[Minneapolis]], [[USA]] *[[Galdogob]] :[[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]] :[[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]] *[[Mogadishu]] :[[almaty]], [[Kasakhstan]]<ref name="Uatwvt">{{cite book|title=USSR and Third World, Volume 3|date=1973|publisher=Central Asian Research Centre|page=209|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=K3fiAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> :[[Ankara]], Turkey<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Twin Cities of Ankara |url=http://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara?mobile=1 |access-date=2018-07-29 |archive-date=2018-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116113534/https://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara?mobile=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> :[[Istanbul]], [[Turkiga]]<ref name="Smrgmnug">{{cite news|last=Jibril|first=Dahir|title=Mogadishu roads get much needed upgrades|url=http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/features/2013/10/03/feature-02|accessdate=24 January 2014|newspaper=Sabahi|date=3 October 2013}}</ref> ==South Africa== {{main|List of twin towns and sister cities in South Africa}} ==Sudan== *[[Gedaref]] :[[Eindhoven]], Netherlands *[[Khartoum]] :[[Cairo]], Egypt :[[Istanbul]], Turkey :[[St. Petersburg]], Russia :[[Wuhan]], China ==Swaziland== *[[Mbabane]] :[[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], United States (2004) ==Tanzania== *[[Arusha]] :[[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], United States :[[Kansas City, Missouri]], United States *[[Bagamoyo]] :[[Vallejo, California]], United States *[[Dar es Salaam]] :[[Samsun]], Turkey :[[Hamburg]], Germany *[[Morogoro]] :[[Linköping]], Sweden :[[Kitchener, Canada]] *[[Mwanza]] :[[Tampere]], Finland :[[Tifariti]], Western Sahara :[[Wuerzburg]], Germany *[[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]] :[[Tifariti]], Western Sahara :[[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], United States (2001) :[[Eckernfoerde]], Germany ==Togo== *[[Lomé]] :[[Shenzhen]], China, since 1993<ref>[http://www.szfao.gov.cn/zwgk/wsz/201103/t20110322_1645217.htm 友好城市 (Friendly cities)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.szfao.gov.cn/zwgk/wsz/201103/t20110322_1645217.htm |date=20140719025116 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719025116/http://www.szfao.gov.cn/zwgk/wsz/201103/t20110322_1645217.htm |date=19 July 2014 }}, 市外办 (Foreign Affairs Office), 22 March 2008. (Translation by [[Google Translate]].)</ref><ref>[http://www.szfao.gov.cn/ygwl/yxyc/ycgy/201101/t20110120_1631663.htm 国际友好城市一览表 (International Friendship Cities List)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.szfao.gov.cn/ygwl/yxyc/ycgy/201101/t20110120_1631663.htm |date=20131113092638 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113092638/http://www.szfao.gov.cn/ygwl/yxyc/ycgy/201101/t20110120_1631663.htm |date=13 November 2013 }}, 20 January 2011. (Translation by [[Google Translate]].)</ref><ref>[http://www.szfao.gov.cn/ygwl/yxyc/yhjl/ 友好交流 (Friendly exchanges)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.szfao.gov.cn/ygwl/yxyc/yhjl/ |date=20141112101846 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112101846/http://www.szfao.gov.cn/ygwl/yxyc/yhjl/ |date=12 November 2014 }}, 13 September 2011. (Translation by [[Google Translate]].)</ref> ==Tunisia== *[[El Kef]] :[[Delft]], Netherlands *[[Menzel Bourguiba]] :[[Stuttgart]], Germany *[[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]] :[[Münster]], Germany :[[Saint-Étienne]], France *[[Nabeul]] :[[Seto, Aichi|Seto]], Japan *[[Sfax]] :[[Grenoble]], France<ref name="Grenoble"/> :[[Makhachkala]], Russia :[[Marburg]], Germany<ref name="Marburg">{{cite web|url=http://www.marburg.de/detail/11753 |title=Universitätsstadt Marburg Partnerstädte |publisher=marburg.de |date= |accessdate=20 March 2011}}</ref> *[[Sousse]] :[[Serpukhovsky District]], Russia *[[Tunis]]<ref>{{fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140422184403/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/publish/content/article.asp?id=771 Coopération internationale (Municipalité de Tunis)]</ref> :[[Cologne]], Germany :[[Prague]], Czech Republic :[[Kuwait City]], Kuwait :[[Doha]], Qatar :[[Muscat, Oman]] :[[Amman]], Jordan :[[Beirut]], Lebanon :[[Rabat]], Morocco :[[Istanbul]], Turkey ==Uganda== *[[Pallisa]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Hudson, New York|Hudson]], United States * [[Entebbe]] :{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ashkelon]], Israel * [[Mbarara]] :{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Sanya]], China * [[Mubende]] :{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tumwater]], United States ==Western Sahara== *[[Agounit]] :[[Motril]], [[Granada]], [[Andalucía]], Spain :[[Puçol]], [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], Spain (''since 1 September 2002'') :[[Quarrata]], [[Pistoia]], [[Toscana]], Italy *[[Bir Lehlou]] :[[Batna City|Batna]], [[Batna Province]], Algeria :[[Benalúa de las Villas]], [[Granada]], [[Andalucía]], Spain :[[Capraia e Limite]], [[Firenze]], [[Toscana]], Italy :[[Campi Bisenzio]], Firenze, Toscana, Italy :[[Pozuelo de Alarcón]], Madrid, Spain :[[Prato]], Prato, Toscana, Italy :[[La Rinconada]], [[Sevilla]], Andalucía, Spain :[[Montemurlo]], Prato, Toscana, Italy :[[Monteroni d'Arbia]], [[Siena]], Toscana, Italy :[[Montevarchi]], [[Arezzo]], Toscana, Italy :[[Novelda]], [[Alicante]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], Spain :[[San Piero a Sieve]], Firenze, Toscana, Italy :[[Sagunto]], [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]], Comunidad Valenciana, Spain :[[Tolosa, Spain|Tolosa]], [[Guipúzcoa]], [[País Vasco]], Spain *[[Haouza]] :[[Le Mans]], Sarthe, France (''since 10 January 1982'') *[[Mijek]] :[[Coslada]], Madrid, Spain :[[Llanera, Asturias]], Spain :[[Peligros]], [[Granada]], [[Andalucía]], Spain :[[Ponte Buggianese]], [[Pistoia]], [[Toscana]], Italy *[[Tifariti]] :[[Agliana]], [[Pistoia]], [[Toscana]], Italy :[[Aldaia]], [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]], [[Comunidad Valenciana]], Spain :[[Arusha]], [[Arusha Region]], Tanzania (''since 21 December 2009'') :[[Caroní Municipality|Caroní]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]], Venezuela (''since 25 July 2011'') :[[Istán]], [[Málaga]], [[Andalucía]], Spain :[[Libertador Bolivarian Municipality|Libertador]], [[Venezuelan Capital District|Capital District]], Venezuela :[[Loro Ciuffenna]], [[Arezzo]], Toscana, Italy :[[Mascara, Algeria|Mascara]], [[Mascara Province]], Algeria (''since 9 June 2008'') :[[Mbeya]], [[Mbeya Region]], Tanzania (''since 21 December 2009'') :[[Mwanza]], [[Mwanza Region]], Tanzania (''since 21 December 2009'') :[[Los Palacios y Villafranca]], [[Sevilla (province)|Sevilla]], Spain :[[Pontassieve]], [[Firenze]], [[Toscana]], Italy :[[Signa]], Firenze, Toscana, Italy :[[Sumbawanga]], [[Rukwa Region]], Tanzania (''since 21 December 2009'') :[[Tanga, Tanzania|Tanga]], [[Tanga Region]], Tanzania (''since 21 December 2009'') :[[Balmaseda]], [[Biscay|Vizcaya]], [[País Vasco]], Spain :[[Venta de Baños]], [[Palencia]], [[Castilla y León]], Spain :[[Sevilla]], Sevilla, Spain ==Zambia== * [[Kitwe]] :[[Sheffield]], [[South Yorkshire]], England, United Kingdom :[[Baia Mare]], Romania :[[Bor, Serbia]] :Detroit, Michigan, United States * [[Livingstone, Zambia|Livingstone]] :[[Funchal]], Portugal * [[Lusaka]] :[[Cork City]], Republic of Ireland :[[Izhevsk]], Russia :[[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan :Los Angeles, United States * [[Ndola]] :[[Harbin]], China :[[Lubumbashi]], Democratic Republic of the Congo :[[Bentol]], Liberia :[[Blantyre, Malawi]] :[[Walvis Bay]], Namibia :[[Porto]], Portugal :[[Makhachkala]], Russia :[[Aldershot]], United Kingdom ==Zimbabwe== *[[Bulawayo]] :{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Aberdeen]], Scotland, UK (1986)<ref>http://www.aboutaberdeen.com/Twin-City-Aberdeen-Stavanger-Norway Retrieved 29 Dec 2016</ref> :[[Durban]], South Africa :[[Polokwane]], South Africa *[[Harare]] :{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Nottingham]], England, UK (1986) *[[Mutare]] :[[Haarlem]], Netherlands (1992) :[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], United States (1991) Masvingo and Kernen, Germany, since 1990. ==Albania== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Albania}} <!-- To edit this list go to [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Albania]] --> {{:List of twin towns and sister cities in Albania}} ==Austria== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria}} <!-- To edit this list go to [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria]] --> {{:List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria}} ==Belarus== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus}} <!-- To edit this list go to [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus]] --> {{:List of twin towns and sister cities in Belarus}} ==Belgium== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium}} <!-- To edit this list go to [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium]] --> {{:List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium}} ==Bosnia and Herzegovina== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina}} <!-- To edit this list go to [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] --> {{:List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ==Bulgaria== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria}} <!-- To edit this list go to [[List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria]] --> {{:List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria}} ==Croatia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia}} ==Czech Republic== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic}} ==Denmark== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Denmark}} ==Estonia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Estonia}} ==Faroe Islands== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Faroe Islands}} ==Finland== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Finland}} ==France== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}} == Georgia == {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Georgia (country)}} ===[[Akhaltsikhe]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Yerevan]], Armenia {{col-3}} * [[Artvin]], Turkey {{col-3}} * [[Ardahan]], Turkey {{col-end}} ===[[Batumi]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]], Azerbaijan * [[Vanadzor]], Armenia (2006) * [[Piraeus]], Greece (1996) * [[Blagoevgrad]], Bulgaria {{col-3}} * [[Bari]], Italy (1987) * [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], United States * [[Donostia-San Sebastian]], Spain (1987) * [[Alexandria]], Egypt (2012) {{col-3}} * [[Artvin]], Turkey (1999) * [[Trabzon]], Turkey (2000) * [[Cartagena de Indias]], Colombia (1987) {{col-end}} ===[[Chiatura]]=== * [[Keila]], Estonia * [[Sigulda]], Latvia ===[[Gori, Georgia|Gori]]=== * [[Lutsk]], Ukraine * [[Braunau am Inn]], Austria ===[[Kutaisi]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Columbia, Missouri]], United States * [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], Azerbaijan * [[Newport, Wales|Newport]], Wales, United Kingdom * [[Vitoria-Gasteiz]], Spain * [[Nikaia, Attica|Nikaia]], Greece * [[Gyumri]], Armenia * [[Lviv]], Ukraine {{col-3}} * [[Poznań]], Poland * [[Plovdiv]], Bulgaria * [[Ashqelon]], Israel * [[Rasht]], Iran * [[Samsun]], Turkey * [[Donetsk]], Ukraine * [[Dnipro]], Ukraine {{col-3}} * [[Kars]], Turkey * [[Tianjin]], China * [[Xinhua]], China * [[Lyon]], France * [[Bayonne]], France * [[Kharkiv]], Ukraine {{col-end}} ===[[Lanchkhuti]]=== * [[Cody, Wyoming]], USA ===[[Mtskheta]]=== * [[Leuville-sur-Orge]], France ===[[Oni, Georgia|Oni]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * '''[[Beersheba]]''', Israel. {{col-3}} * '''[[Kazlų Rūda]]''', Lithuania {{col-3}} * '''[[Fitchburg, Massachusetts|Fitchburg]]''', Massachusetts, USA {{col-end}} ===[[Poti]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[LaGrange, Georgia]], USA * [[Burgas]], Bulgaria {{col-3}} * [[Larnaca]], Cyprus * [[Aktau]], Kazakhstan (2005) {{col-3}} * [[Nafplio]], Greece {{col-end}} ===[[Rustavi]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Sumqayit]], Azerbaijan {{col-3}} * [[Ganja (city)|Ganja]], Azerbaijan {{col-3}} * [[Łódź]], Poland {{col-3}} {{col-end}} ===[[Sukhumi|Sokhumi]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Tiraspol]], Moldova {{col-3}} * [[Arkhangelsk]], Russia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arhcity.ru/?page=232/0|title=Архангельск • Городская Администрация|author=|date=|work=arhcity.ru}}</ref> {{col-3}} {{col-end}} ===[[Tbilisi]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Saarbrücken]], Germany (since 1975) * [[Nantes]], France (since 1979) * [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia (since 1979) * [[Innsbruck]], Austria (since 1982) * [[Yerevan]], Armenia (since 1996) * [[Atlanta]], United States (since 1987) * [[Palermo]], Italy (since 1987) {{col-3}} * [[Bristol]], United Kingdom (since 1988) * [[Bilbao]], Spain (since 1989) * [[Ankara]], Turkey(since 1998) * [[Kiev]], Ukraine (since 1999) * [[Astana]], Kazakhstan (since 2005) * [[Vilnius]], Lithuania * [[Warsaw]], Poland {{col-3}} {{col-end}} ===[[Tskhinvali]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Arkhangelsk]], Russia {{col-3}} * [[Tiraspol]], Moldova {{col-3}} {{col-end}} ===[[Vani]]=== {{col-start}} {{col-3}} * [[Fallon, Nevada]], USA {{col-3}} * [[Ashkelon]], Israel {{col-3}} {{col-end}} ==Germany== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}} ==Gibraltar== *[[Funchal]], Portugal ==Greece== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}} ==Greenland== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in North America#Greenland}} ==Hungary== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary}} ==Iceland== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Iceland}} ==Ireland== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland}} ==Italy== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}} ==Jersey== *[[Funchal]], Portugal ==Kazakhstan== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Kazakhstan}} ==Kosovo== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Kosovo}} ==Latvia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia}} ==Lithuania== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania}} ==Luxembourg== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Luxembourg}} ==Macedonia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Macedonia}} ==Malta== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Malta}} ==Moldova== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Moldova}} ==Montenegro== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Montenegro}} ==Netherlands== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands}} ==Northern Cyprus== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in North Cyprus}} ==Norway== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway}} ==Poland== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}} ==Portugal== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Portugal}} ==Romania== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania}} ==Russia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}} ==San Marino== ===Acquaviva=== *[[Froges]], France (1984) ===Borgo Maggiore=== *[[Zurrico]], Malta (2007) *[[Chiusi della Verna]], Italy (2010) ===City of San Marino=== *[[Arbe]], Croatia (1948) *[[Rønne]], Denmark *[[San Leo]], Italy ===Serravalle=== *[[Chiusi della Verna]], Italy ==Serbia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia}} ==Slovakia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia}} ==Slovenia== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia}} ==Spain== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain}} ==Sweden== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden}} ==Switzerland == {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland}} ==Turkey== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey}} ==Ukraine== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}} ==United Kingdom== {{main article|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom}} eb4qhjhpyyy9xukgu9zg4qab6aoaf4u 0 28416 298844 287907 2026-06-19T08:06:20Z ~2026-35630-30 46136 298844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Somalia]] {{Soomaaliya|Soomaaliya=Gobalka jubada hoose|Gobalka jubada hoose=|Somalia map=}} Gobalka [[Jubbada dhexe|Jubbada Dhexe]] Degmada [[Xagar|Naasiriya]] Nasiriya[[Kuko jubbada hoose somalia 🇸🇴|(Kuko jubbada dhexe somalia)]] [[Naasiriya]] waxaay udhaxeysaa magaaloyinka sida [[Bu'aale]] ilaa [[Afmadow]] iyo [[Xagar]] sidokale waxaa udhow [[Wabiga Jubba]]. [[Naasiriya]](Kuko) waxaa la dagay 2000. Sidokale waa dhul carro San ah oo ku beerashada dagala iyo dhaqashada xoolaha aad ugu wanaagsan sidokale nolasha dadkana ufiican. waxaa dega beelweynta [[Abasguul]] [[Jidwaaq]] [[Absame]]. <br /> fu8q544dkvkkmeoyyfxujkqntd61bsu 0 31673 298867 295250 2026-06-19T11:07:50Z ~2026-35681-50 46141 Abtirsi 298867 wikitext text/x-wiki Beel weynta Cumar Jibriil ee Habar jeclo darbiga isaaq waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Somaliland oo taarikh soo jireen leh waa beel gob ah xaga marka laga eeggo sidoo kale waa beel lagu tilmaamo in ay geesiyayaal yihiin waa beel xagga sugaantii hore marka lagu tilmaamo ragga Abwaanadooda Gabya aan laga Daba gabyi Jirin oo gabayadoodu waxay ahaayeen gabayo meel halis ah taabta o dee xigmadaysan oo xigmada aan laga daba hadlina leeyahay, sidoo kale waa reer Ay ku dheer tahay Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland oo Aqoon haday iyo naf iyo maal ba u huray waa reer Jecel Duriyadda waxa ladhaho, oo aad u dhiiri geliya ilaalinta Dalka Jamhuuriyada Somaliland sidoo kale waa reer Xagga Siyaasada aad ugu wanagsan oo aan Qabyaaladda aqoon unna dhinta magac duriyada haday gabay tahay iyo haday Dee Dhaqaalo tahay iyo haday Aqoon tahay, annigoo aan soo koobi karin Taarikhdooda. waxay caan ku ahaayeen Colkii Soocane, Kasheegnaa Gobolada Barri, laguna tilmaamo Geesiyaal oo Rag badan oo Gabyi jiray, Waxay lahaan jireen oo ka dhashay Abaan duulihii Wadan jiray Colkii socane..Waxaa ka dhashay Maxamed Yusuf . Lahaa taariikhda Khayr weyd. Abaan Duule Samatar Cali oo wadan jiray Colkii soocane oo ahaa Col ka sheegana gobolada bari oo dhan oo aad looga baqi jiray kana koobnaan jiray beelaha Cumar Jibriil' iyo rag kale oo caan ahaa , Xirsi Quusane, Nuur Goodaad, iyo ragkale oo aan la soo koobi karin Sayidku waakii lahaa marku kayaabay ninkaa ba’naantiisa dhanka dagaalka isago dhinacna ka calaalcalaya dhinacna ka sheegaya inuu ahaa dagaalyahayn aan nixin ( sayid maxamed cabdile xasan ayaa laga hayey ( Dadba cumarku wuu ugu xun Yahay dunjiga somaal’e , Waa waxaan diirka Somaliyeed dir ugu laabnayn’e, dadba samater cali baan u necebahay iyo dulufka idoor. waa beel lagu sheego inay yihiin geesiyiin Adeerkood Cumar Jibriil oo aan cabsida aqoon waa odhaah caanbaxday marka laga hadlayo Muuse sh. Isaaq Habar Jeclo. sidoo kale Abwaankii Salaan carabay waakii lahaa (Gawraarka Cumarkaa Xukuma Galaxyadii buurta, gol iyo garadag reeraha looga kala guuray, mar haddaan gundhawrka u tuntumo guuldarra dhicin’e, Abwaan caadleef baa Isna yidhi (Hadaymurugto Cumar baa metela maalin Dirireeed ) abwaan Walad baas wakii lahaa (adyad ulama tago Cumar jibriil Awrkiraaluhuye), Abwaan Gamuute na waa kii lahaa Balan baalna Cumar aan buurnay baa sii fadhiya. waa Reer kii Gabayga Geenyada ku siiyey Sayid ku markaa beer la isugu yimmi ee Dhamaan Abwaanadii Soomaalida isugu timmi ay Halkaas uu gabay dheer ka tiriyay Abwaan Xasan Dabaare, uu Sayid maxamed Cabdile Xasan Gabaygii Inna Dabaare ku siiyay Geenyo markii uu gabaygiisii Kaalinta Koobaad galay Sayidku yidhi ( Gabay waa Shanta Xasan ina Dabaare iyo maalin ba nin ba intuu ku daro ) Gabayga Geenyada lagu siiyay qaar ka mid ah ayaan idin la wadaagayaa, Xasan Dabaare Waa ninkii sayidku gabayga geenyada ku siiyey Sayidoow baladkeena ninkasta ha ku beermee bilidkiisu ku raac Sadex raari buulka iyo betelaha nu nahay, sadexna iyo buurta sinteeda iyo ban cawl baynu nahay laguu waa balasta oo bastayoyey noqotay , sayidoow beledkeena nin kastaa ha ku beermee bilidkiisu ku raac, sidaas baa geenyadda xamaro lagu siiyey Xasan Dabaare. Waxaa ka dhashay sida Nin kii Afduubay 1984 diyaaradii Somali-Airlines ee Ethiopia ka dajiyey Baashe diig, Taajirkii weeyna ee loo dilay Somaliland darteed Shahiid (Qaasin Qodax) waxaa kalo ka dhashay xagga Sportska Orodyahankii hore ee Somaaliyeed Coach [Jaamac Aadan Karaaciin|Jaamac Karaaciin]], waxa ka dhashay Abwaanka, fanaanka, Majaaajilaystaha, Jilaaga weeyn ee Faarax murtiile, Sidoo kale waxaa kaloo ka dhashay ninkii u horeeyay ee Soomaali ah ee ( Muhandiska ) ah oo Ahaa Kornayl, Eng: Maxamed Axmed Guutaale ( Injinneer Guutaale ) Injineerka ka ahaa oo Madaxii Warshadii Kabista Hargeysa haystay wuxuu ahaa Engineer keliya ee dhinaca Hubka iyo Gaadiidka soo bartay oo soomaaliya haysatey ee soo saarray Hubkii Gantaalaha BM. yada ku kala bedelay Gaadiida kala duwan oo Dawlado kala gaar ahi lahayeen sida Talyaani Iyo Romaaniya iyo Gantaallaha Oo (Russian) Ahaa sidoo kale ahanna Injiineer ka kaliya ee Aqoontaas soo bartay xilligii Dawladii Soomaaliya. Wuxuu ahaa xidig ama Cadceed sida saaxiibadiii oo wadamo kala duwan jooga Xogta nagu siiyeen. Engineer Guutaale. Isla haddana Kornayl Guutaale, wuxuu ahaa Aas aasayaashii SNM, Somali National Movement, haddana Talaabay markii uu isagga iyo Saraakiil dhowr ahi la baxeen Inna Askar, 1983, Guutaale wuxuu leeyahay sheekooyin cajiib ah oo ah waxa ladhaho (FANTASTIC) Ee aadka loo falanqeeyo. Markii dambe na uu SNM, u talabaay ee Halganki debeda ugu baxay SNM, ugu soo saaray Hubkii qaab ka duwan qaabkii uu ugu soo saaray Dawladii soomaaliya oo qaab ka duwan oo Casri ah Waanna Qaabka Ladhaho (Rocket) ka Waqtigaas buu haddanna Gaadhi caadi ah oo dheeraynaaya intuu kurta ka jaray oo si cajiib ah oo warshadaysan Haddana dib u ordaaya haddana dheeraynaaya isagoo qorigu dhacaaya wuxu ahaa ninka Sancadaas, oo muddo badan ay fahmi waayeen Dawladii Soomaaliya hubkani wuxuu yahay laakin ay ku war heleen inuu Eng: Guutaale, soo saarray Hubkaas ay muddo dheer ay fahmi wayeen, Dawladii Soomaaliya markii labaad keenay gaadhi qori saara Baabuur dheerayna u bedeala tiknikona u badala Shahiid Mujahid (Engineer, Maxamed Axmed Guutaale [Eng,Guutaale Tekniko] Caalamkuna qaatay nashqadaas Guutaale oo ahaana Halbowlaha SNM,oo SNM guulo badan ka soo hooyey dagaalo badan galay SNM, ah, Somali National Movement. Sidoo kale Reerk Cumar Jibriil ee Habar jeclo Waa reerkii Aas Aasay Saldhigii u horeeyey ee Gobolada Bariga laga sameeyo Oo SNM yeelato saldhigaas oo ahaa Balaadhis' Taliskii Guud barriga laga sameeyo Mujaahidiinta Aas aastay Saldhigaas, Mujaahid Maxamuud Cali Tima Dhaqe,Yacquub , Mujaahid Jaamac Guute wate.Mujaajid Siciid tima weyne. iyo rag kale. Mujaahidiinta Kale mujaahid Sahal Lebi Hoon'. Mujaahid Faarax Dhaansay, ninkii geliyay Ciidamadii u horeeyay Mujaahid Yacquub Gobolka Sanaag siiba u diray Ceerigaabo dagaalkii u horeeyay ka bilaabay ciidankaas na uu watay Mujaahid Faarax Dhaansay ayaa watay. Xagga Golihii Dhexe Somali National Movement. Eng: Maxamed Axmed Guutaale, Bilowgii SNM, la Aas aasay ilaa 1984, ayuu ahaa Golaha Dhexe SNM. Wasiir Cismaan Qaasin Qodax ayaa isna ahaa intii dambe SNM, ilaa intii Dalka la qabtay Halka Mujaahid Guutaale, ahaa Sarkaalkii mar walba soo saaraayey Gaadiidka Dagaalak iyo Isku Rakibidooda iyo Hogaamintii Ciidankii SNM, Sidoo kale Wasiir Cismaan Qaasin Qodax isna Wuxuu ka mid ahaa Gudidii loo xilsaaray Magac Bixinta Somaliland ayuu ka mid ahaa Gudid loo doortay magac bixinta Somaliland, markii dambe na Xilal badan ka soo qabtay dawladdii Riyaale wasaaradaha badan ka qabtay muj Cismaan Qaasin Qodax, Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Wasaaradda Hawlaha Guud, Wasaaradda Ganacsiga. SNM,Golaha sare kuwii ka sii hooseeay iyana Saraakiil ciidan ee Hoose waxaa ka mid ahaa Mujaahid Yacquub ( Sandheere ) Mujaahid Jaamac Guute Wate Mujaahid Sahal Lebi hoon iyo rag kale oo badan. waxaa ka dhashay Wasiirkii Mutacalinka ahaa [Eng yuusuf caynab muuse] oo Wasaaraddo badan ka soo qabtay Dawladii Cigaal iyo tii Riyaale, ay ka mid ahayeen Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Wasaaradda Gaashan Dhiga Wasaaradda Hawlaha Guud,kana mid ahaa Mutacalimiintii sida Qaaska ah uu tla tashan jirey Ina Cigaal. waxaa kaloo ka dhashay Wasiir Maxamed Xaaji Aadan oo soo qabtay Dawladii Siilaanyo iyo Dawlada Muuse Biixi, Wasiiro ku ixgeen, Wasiir ku xigeen Kaluumaysiga Wasiir Dawlaha Waxbarashadda Sidoo kale wasiir buuxa Wasaaradda Xidhiidhka iyo Golayaasha Wasaaradda Diinta iyo Awqaafta oo hadda ah. Beesha Cumar Jibriil waxaa ka dhashay Abwaano badan ( Abwaan Xasan Dabaarre ) [Abwaan'Cismaan Daado]] Abwaan Cateeye Jugux. [[abwan cadayaale] [Abwaan Maxamed Bulshaale] iyo rag kaloo badan oo aynaan soo koobi karin waa beelihii Dalkan Somaliland xoraynteeda qaybt Koobaad ee laxaadka leh ka qaatay, degaanada ay degaan waxa weeye Gobolka Saraar oo ay degaan 50% boqolkiba 50% waxay sidoo kale degaan gobolada Saaxil, Togdheer, [Sool], Qabiilada Cumar Jibriil u kala baxo oo kala dega Sool Saraar Saaxil iyo Toggdheer. '''Cumar Jibriil waxa uu u kala baxaa''' 1 siciid (biciide) cumar 2 isixaaq cumar *'''Biciide cumar''' Waa 2ba Reer 1.nuux biciide 2.yoonis biciide '''Yoonis biciide''' waa 2ba Reer a) idirays yoonis b) dudub yoonis )faatax gadiid )faarax gadiid )xassan gadiid '''Isixaaq Cumar''': Waa sadex Reer 1.Urursugge) 2. ayuun 3.Cali Afweyne '''1.Urursugge''' A. 1.cali urursuge 2. Adan urursuge .Reer Cali maxamed xirsi Adan .Reer cali Adan .Reer Xasan B)Maxamed Urusugge 1)Reer maxamed dheere 2)Axmed cabdile 3)Abokor cabdile 4)Cali cabdile :)Galan : . )Cigaal : : )Gadiid C) cali urursuge 1) Abokor cali 2) Guuleed cali 3) Xasan cali .) Samakaab '''2.Ayuun''' A) Wacays Khayr 1)Faahiye wacays .)Guuled faahiye ( Reer maxamed Guuled ) :)Saalax faahiye (Reer caraale Rooble ) :.)Faarax Faahiye B)cabdi khayr C) Samatar Khayr '''3'''.'''Cali afweyne''' '''A) Maxamed cali''' '''B.Maxamud Cali''' .) '''Reer Yuusuf Maxamed''' 1:Reer Samatar Diiriye A:Guuleed Samatar 1:Gorod Guuleed 2:Ismaciil Guuleed 3:Iidle Guuleed B:Ileeye Samatar .)'''Reer Xasan Maxamed''' 1:Cabdi Xasan 2:Liibaan Xasan B)Maxamuud cali 1:Faarax Maxamud 2:Cabdi Maxamud 2,Xirsi Quusane,, waa ninkii yidhi ninbaa diga gura hadana guba misna gala, Maansadini waxay baxday xili saga iyo nuur fadal geel ka qadayeen dhulbahante ,Ragu laaca horayto indhaa way iga lushaan, hadiise aan looxa fadhisto ilaah baa ku lib leh,, waxbaa laygu lagu ladhaa. prgnaulzbf35xlai5oamxuzci7j9rqt 0 32484 298861 274755 2026-06-19T10:42:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sunny Leone|birth_name=Karenjit Kaur Vohra|other names=Karen Malhotra|years active=2001–2013, 2012–hada|spouse=Daniel Weber (g. 2011)|children=3|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|05|13|}}|birth_place=Sarnia, [[Kanada]]|citizenship=Kanada<br> Mareykanka|image=Sunny Leone in Juhu with 'Sunny Ka New Year Call' campaign winner.jpg|image caption=Leone 2020}} '''Karenjit Kaur Vohra''' (waxay dhalatay Maajo 13, 1981), oo lagu yaqaan magaceeda masraxa '''Sunny Leone''' (/ liˈoʊni /), waa atariisho Hindi ah oo jilaa filimada qaangaarka ahayd.<ref>[http://www.sunnyleone.com/en Sunny Leone — Desi Porn] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sunnyleone.com/en |date=20181225170019 }} ''SunnyLeone.com.''</ref><ref>[http://www.avn.com/porn-stars/Sunny-Leone-274888.html Sunny Leone profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.avn.com/porn-stars/Sunny-Leone-274888.html |date=20181225165959 }} ''AVN''</ref> Waxay haysataa dhalashada Kanada iyo Mareykanka.  Waxay sidoo kale isticmaashay magaca masraxa '''Karen Malhotra'''.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/a-sunny-day-in-sarnia/article4098311/ A sunny day in sarnia]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/51052/how-karen-malhotra-turned-into-a-world-famous-porn-star-sunny-leone/ |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170031/http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/51052/how-karen-malhotra-turned-into-a-world-famous-porn-star-sunny-leone/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref>Waxaa loo magacaabay ''[[Penthouse]]'' Pet of the Year 2003, waxay ahayd qandaraasle qandaraasle ah '[[Vivid Entertainment]]', waxaana u magacaabay ''[[Maxim]]'' mid ka mid ah 12-ka jilaa ee ugu sareeya sanadka 2010. Waxay door ka ciyaartay dhacdooyinka caadiga ah ee madaxbannaan, filimada, iyo taxanaha telefishanka. Muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay ee guud wuxuu ahaa 2005, markii ay u shaqeysay sidii weriye rooga casaanka ee MTV Video Music Awards ee MTV India. Sanadkii 2011, waxay kaqeybqaadatay taxanaha xaqiiqda dhabta ah ee telefishanka Indian ''Bigg Boss''. Waxay sidoo kale martigelisay barnaamijka xaqiiqada Hindiya ee ''Splitsvilla''. Sannadkii 2012, waxay markii ugu horreysay Bollywood-ka ka sameysay filimka Pooja Bhatt ee filimka xiisaha leh ee ''[[Jism 2]]'' (2012) waxayna diiradeeda u weecisay jilitaanka guud ee ay la socotay ''Jackpot'' (2013), ''[[Ragini MMS 2]]'' (2014), ''[[Ek Paheli Leela]]'' (2015), ''[[Tera Intezaar]]'' (2017), iyo filimka Malayalam ''[[Madhura Raja]]'' ee 2019. Marka laga reebo xirfadeeda jilitaanka waxay qayb ka ahayd ololeyaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa oo ay ku jiraan Rock 'n' Roll Los Angeles Half-Marathon si ay lacag ugu ururiso Bulshada Kansarka ee Mareykanka waxayna sidoo kale u soo bandhigtay Dad loogu talagalay daaweynta anshaxa ee xayawaanka (PETA)  ey leh badbaadiyey, kuna dhiirrigelinaya milkiileyaasha xayawaanka inay bisadooda iyo eeyahoodu xanaaneeyaan oo ay khafiifiyaan. == Nolosha == Karenjit Kaur Vohra wuxuu ku dhashay Maajo 13, 1981, Sarnia, Ontario, waalidiinta [[Siikhismi|Sikh]] [[Hindiya|Indian Punjabi]] .<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-s-real-name-revealed/article1-847131.aspx Sunny Leone's real name revealed!] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-s-real-name-revealed/article1-847131.aspx |date=20141020043146 }} ''Hindustan Times''</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/People-in-India-are-conservative-Sunny-Leone/articleshow/23691999.cms? People in India are conservative: Sunny-Leone]</ref><ref name="eyeweek">[http://eyeweekly.com/blog/post/32910 Sunny Leone's America] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20081119075403/http://eyeweekly.com/blog/post/32910 the original]</ref> Sida gabar yar, waxay ahayd qof is-sharaxday oo u eg "[[wiil]]",<ref name="LATimes2016">[http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-c1-india-porn-sunny-leone-snap-story.html india porn Sunny Leone snap story]</ref> cayaar aad u fudud isla markaana la ciyaaray xeegada waddooyinka wiilasha .<ref name="avn">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone Becomes Vivid-Girl |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Becomes-Vivid-Girl-43494.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134432/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Becomes-Vivid-Girl-43494.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> In kasta oo qoysku ahaa Sikh, waalidkeed waxay ku qoreen dugsiga Katooliga<ref name="eyeweek" /><ref name="Ambush">http://www.ambushinterview.com/97/interview97.html</ref><ref name="Alff">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://cltampa.com/dailyloaf/archives/2010/08/23/pornstar-sunny-leone-on-thriving-in-the-wild-wild-west-of-the-adult-industry-nsfw |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225170022/https://www.cltampa.com/dailyloaf/archives/2010/08/23/pornstar-sunny-leone-on-thriving-in-the-wild-wild-west-of-the-adult-industry-nsfw%20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Markii ay ahayd 13, qoyskeeda waxay u guureen Fort Gratiot, Michigan, ka dibna Lake Lake, California, sanad kadib,<ref name="Ambush" />iyadoo fulinaysa riyadeed ayeeyadeed iyo ayeeyadeed ee ahaa in qoysku hal meel kuwada wada noolaado .<ref name="eyeweek" /> Waxay dhunkashadeedii ugu horreysay ku qaadatay 11 ,<ref name="brazzers">[https://www.brazzers.com/profile/view/id/1213/sunny-leone/ Sunny Leone profile]</ref> waxayna bikradeeda ku wayday 16 jir iyada oo ciyaartoy kubbadda koleyga ah.<ref name="brazzers" /> == Xirfadiisii ​​hore == Kahor intaanay ka shaqeyn filimada dadka waaweyn, waxay ka shaqeynaysay rootiga Jarmalka,<ref name="xrent">[http://www.xrentdvd.com/Porn_Star_Interviews/Sunny_Leone.html Inside Sunny Leone]</ref> Iyo waxay sidoo kale baraneysay inay noqoto kalkaaliye caafimaad.<ref name="freeones.com">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Exclusive Interview With Sunny Leone |url=http://blog.freeones.com/2007/08/06/exclusive-interview-with-sunny-leone |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2007-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013013244/http://blog.freeones.com/2007/08/06/exclusive-interview-with-sunny-leone/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_r140014.png|alt=A black-haired woman wearing a yellow top and jeans sitting behind a table looking up at the camera.|left|thumb|Leone 2002]] Markii ay magaca u xulaneysey shaqadeeda qaangaarnimada, waxay tiri Sunny waa magaceeda dhabta ah waxaana Leone u xushay Bob Guccione, milkiilihii hore ee majaladda ''Penthouse''. Waxay u garaacdaa sawirro majaladda Penthouse, waxaana loogu magac daray Penthouse Pet ee Bishii 2001 ,<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/20011231-sunny-leone-makes-history-by-becoming-first-indian-model-to-become-a-penthouse-pet-776379-2001-12-31 Sunny Leone makes history by becoming first Indian model to become a Penthouse Pet]</ref> oo ay ku xigto muuqaal ku jira daabacaadda Fasaxa 2001 ee Hustler magazine oo ah Hustler Honey.  Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay joornaalada kale oo ay ku jiraan ''Cheri'',<ref name="Cheri">[http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Featured-in-i-Cheri-i-27277.html Sunny Leone Featured in Cheri] {{Wayback|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Featured-in-i-Cheri-i-27277.html |date=20120415134528 }} AVN</ref> ''Mystique Magazine'',<ref name="mystique">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071011052900/http://mystique-magazine.com/bio/Sunny-Leone.html Sunny Leone Jpg Pic Image & Video Gallery] Archived from [http://www.mystique-magazine.com/bio/Sunny-Leone.html the original]</ref> ''[[High Society (magazine)|High Society]]'', ''[[Swank (magazine)|Swank]]'', ''[[AVN (magazine)|AVN Online]]'', ''Leg World'', ''[[Club International]]'' iyo ''[[Lowrider Magazine|Lowrider]]'',<ref name="lowrider1">[http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0306_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html Lowrider Model&amp;nbsp;— Sunny Leone&amp;nbsp;— June 2003 enter fold] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070608210420/http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0306_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html the original]</ref><ref name="lowrider2">[http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0311_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html Lowrider Model&amp;nbsp;— Sunny Leone&amp;nbsp;— November 2003 Center Fold] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20070525043822/http://www.lowridermagazine.com/models/0311_sunny_leone_lowrider_girl/index.html the original]</ref> halka dhibcaheeda internetka ay kujirto ModFX Models ,<ref name="modfxmodels">[http://www.modfxmodels.com/FeaturedModels/fm-SunnyLeone.html SUNNY LEONE MODFX COVER MODEL&amp;nbsp;— JULY 2003] Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20030704023206/http://www.modfxmodels.com/FeaturedModels/fm-SunnyLeone.html the original]</ref> [[Suze Randall]],<ref name="suze.net">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://free.suze.net/modelbios/sunnyleone/index.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2012-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320095613/http://free.suze.net/modelbios/sunnyleone/index.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Ken Marcus]]<ref>http://www.kenmarcus.com/promos/sunny_leone/index.html</ref> iyo Mac & Bumble.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.macandbumble.com/models_list/sunny_leone/ |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2006-05-18 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20060518032349/http://www.macandbumble.com/models_list/sunny_leone/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sanadkii 2003, waxaa loogu magac daray "Penthouse Pet of the Year" waxaana ay ka soo muuqatay filimka ''Penthouse Pets in Paradise'' oo ay weheliso Tera Patrick iyo Kyla Cole. Sannadkii 2005tii [[Adam & Eve]] waxay u magacaabeen inay noqdaan Wakiilka Iibka Internetka ee Xeebta Galbeed.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Joins-Adam-Eve-Sales-Team-42354.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2010-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526161851/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Joins-Adam-Eve-Sales-Team-42354.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_AVN_Awards_2006_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Leone, AVN Awards 2006]] Isla sanadkaas, Leone waxay qandaraas seddex sano ah la saxiixatay Vivid Entertainment.<ref name="avn" /> Filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ay soo saarto waxaa loogu magac daray Sunny<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-to-Ship-i-Sunny-i-46475.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2010-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116160852/http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-to-Ship-i-Sunny-i-46475.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> waxaana la sii daayay bishii Diseembar 2005. Filimkeedii xigay wuxuu ahaa, ''Virtual Vivid Girl Sunny Leone'',<ref name="xrent" /> filimku wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarintiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee AVN (DVD Interactive Best). Waxay raacday tan ''Sunny Loves Cher'' iyo ''The Female Gardner'' oo ay wada jilayaan Mikayla Mendez iyo Daisy Marie. Labadii filim ee ugu dambeysay ee ay qandaraaska la gasho Vivid waxaa ka mid ahaa Waa ''It’s Sunny In Brazil'', kaas oo lagu duubay [[Barasiil]],<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-Releases-i-It-s-Sunny-in-Brazil-i-25431.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2010-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526163329/http://business.avn.com/articles/Vivid-Releases-i-It-s-Sunny-in-Brazil-i-25431.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo ''The Sunny Experiment'' sidoo kale waxaa jilay Monique Alexander iyo Brea Lynn.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/28879.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2012-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415134456/http://business.avn.com/articles/Sunny-Leone-Performs-i-The-Sunny-Experiment-i-51415.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Filimadan ayaa waxaa la soo saaray bilaha October iyo December 2007. Bishii Meey 2007, markii ay dib u saxiixday qandaraaskeedii ay la gashay Vivid ee lix filim oo kale, Leone waxay ogolaatay inay markii ugu horreysay la sameyso rag kaamirada ah, laakiin si gaar ah u la leh ninka ay is doonan yihiin, Matt Erikson.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090622101812/http://business.avn.com/articles/4035.html</ref> waxay ku duubtay filimkeedii ugu horeeyay qandaraaska cusub ee loogu magac daray Sunny Loves Matt. Filimku wuxuu horseeday iyada in loo sharaxo seddex (lix) lixdii abaalmarin ee AVN ee sanadii 2009 marka lagu daro Sunny oo ah xulashada gabadha sanadka.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081203003734/http://www.avnawards.com/pdf/2009_AVN_NOMINATIONS_11_25_08.pdf</ref> Waxay raacday cinwaankeedii ugu horreeyay ee gabar-wiil ah oo ay la socoto ''The Side Side of Sunny'' bishii Oktoobar 2008, oo noqon doonta markii ugu dambeysay ee ay la soo bandhigto Erikson. Bishii Janaayo 2008, Leone waxay shaaca ka qaadday in aysan kali ku ahayn Erikson, isla markaana ay filim la keentay jilaayaal kale, oo ay ugu weyn tahay Tommy Gunn, Charles Dera, James Deen<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040441/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=97782</ref> iyo Voodoo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091224115725/http://www.hotvideo.fr/component/video-star-du-x/2008_06_26/interview-de-sunny-leone-de-los-angeles-2008</ref> Sannadkii 2009, Vivid waxay soo saartay filimkeeda oo ay la jileyso rag kale oo jilaayaal ah oo cinwaan looga dhigay "''Sunny B / G Adventure''".<ref>[http://www.xcritic.com/review/34909/sunny-leone-sunnys-bg-adventure/ sunny leone sunnys bg adventure]</ref> Markii ugu dambeysay ee la sii daayo qandaraaska ay kula jirto Vivid - "''Undress Me''", ayaa mar kale ka dhigtay iyada mid gaar u ah inay la jileyso hal jilaa oo keliya, Daniel Weber (waxaa lagu sameeyay magaca masraxa Ariel King), oo markii dambe noqday ninkeeda.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Sunny-Leone-Says-Undress-Me-342026.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401112240/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Sunny-Leone-Says-Undress-Me-342026.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_at_Exxxotica_2009_Miami_Friday_2_adjusted.jpg|thumb|Leone 2009]] Bishii Ogosto 2009, waxay ku dhawaaqday in la bilaabay istuudiyaheeda u gaarka ah, Sunlust Pictures, oo ay weheliso Daniel Weber.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040445/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=98989&mi=all&q=sunny+leone</ref> Iyada oo shirkadeeda cusub ee Leone ku dhawaaqday qorshayaasheeda qorista, toosinta iyo sameynta astaan ​​u gaar ah oo filimada qaangaarka ah lehna Vivid Entertainment oo ah qeybiyaha.<ref name="sunlust">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040441/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=97782 Sunny Leone Forms Her Own Studio, SunLust Pictures]</ref> Wax soo saarkeedii ugu horreeyay ee madax-bannaan, ''The Dark Side of the Sun'', waxaa la sii daayay Maarso 2009.<ref name="darksun">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone Shows Her 'Dark Side' in Sin City |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/34405.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2009-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228095332/http://business.avn.com/articles/34405.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Markii dambe kuma xirna Vivid, Leone waxay billowday inay la shaqeyso istuudiyaha kale iyo jilayaasha tan iyo sanadkii 2009. Waxay ku dallacday caannimadeeda internetka iyadoo heshiisyo la gashay shirkadaha sida PPPcard,<ref name="PPPcard">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone Signs with PPPcard |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/26324.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2009-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909165939/http://business.avn.com/articles/26324.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> AdultPokerParty.com,<ref name="pokerparty">{{Cite web |ciwaan=AdultPokerParty.com Teams with Sunny Leone |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/27310.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2020-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328232137/https://avn.com/business/articles/video/ramone-to-shoot-fem-domme-strap-on-title-for-robert-hill-27310.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Brickhouse,<ref name="brickhouse">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100308000543/http://business.avn.com/articles/428.html Sunny Leone, Brickhouse Mobile Partner]</ref> Flirt4Free,<ref name="flirt">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Flirt4Free Presents Sunny Leone and Stefani Morgan Live |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/28364.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2020-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328232140/https://avn.com/business/articles/gay/On-the-Set-Beyond-Malibu-28364.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Totemcash<ref name="totem">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090601040435/http://www.xbiz.com/news/news_piece.php?id=97224&mi=all&q=sunny+leone Flash Ads Boost TotemCash Sales]</ref> iyo Imlive<ref name="imlive">[https://archive.today/20121208164203/http://business.avn.com/articles/5747.html ImLive Signs Celebrity Porn Star Guests]</ref> inay iibiso oo u qaybiso waxyaabaha ay ka koobantahay internetka iyo warbaahinta kale. Waxay ku guuleysatay "Web Babe of the Year" abaalmarintii Xbiz ee 2008.<ref name="xbizaward">[http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php XBIZ Awards&amp;nbsp;— Recognizing Excellence in Adult Entertainment] XBIZ</ref> Websaydhadeeda iyo danaheeda ganacsi waxaa ku hoos shaqeeya shirkaddeeda calanka ee Leon L.L.C.  Waxay ku muujisay wareysi ay bixisay Abriil 2012 in 80 boqolkiiba taraafikada degelkeeda, iyo boqolkiiba 60 dakhliga soo gala ay ka timaaddo Hindiya.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/why-this-canadian-porn-stars-past-isnt-holding-her-back-in-bollywood/article4098382/ Why this Canadian porn star's past isn't holding her back in Bollywood]</ref> Xirfadeeda filimada ka sokow, Leone waxay qeyb ka ahayd Vivid Comedy Tour,<ref name="comedynite">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Vivid to Present Comedy Night Next Wednesday |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/27264.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827004828/https://avn.com/business/articles/video/fsc-announces-red-white-blue-fundraiser-27264.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>. Leone sidoo kale waxay kaqeyb qaadatay dhacdooyinka sida Vivid / ClubJenna Lingerie Bowl<ref name="clubjenna">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Vivid/Club Jenna Bowl to Feature Coquette Lingerie Show |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/24961.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2021-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827004914/https://avn.com/business/articles/technology/wantedlist-and-fleshbot-launch-contest-24961.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> iyo Vivid's Hot Rod Night.<ref name="hotrodnight">[https://archive.today/20130102005214/http://business.avn.com/articles/21349.html Bike & Hot Rod Night]</ref> Sanadkii 2013, waxay ku dhawaaqday inay ka fariisatay sameynta filimada qaangaarka ah waxayna tiri "Nasiib ayaan u leeyahay in dhagaystayaashu i aqbalayaan. Waxaan ka imid halkaas (filimada galmada). Ma lihi wax qorshe ah oo aan hadda ugu laabanayo halkaas."<ref name="retire">[http://www.mtvindia.com/blogs/parent/urban-cupid/leone-announces-retirement-from-adult-films-50244810.html Leone Announces Retirement From Adult Films!]</ref> Sanadkii 2016, waxaa loo doortay inay ka mid noqoto 100ka haween ee [[BBC]]-da.<ref name="list2016">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048 BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?]</ref> == Xirfada filimada Hindiga == [[File:Sunny_Leone_at_Bigg_Boss_series,_India_(2).jpg|right|thumb|Leone oo martigalineysa Sanjay Dutt kadib markii laga saaray guriga ''Bigg Boss'']] 2011, waxay kaqeybqaadatay taxanaha xaqiiqada Indian ''Bigg Boss 5'', oo galaya guriga maalinta 49 .<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=ndo-Canadian porn star to spice up 'Bigg Boss 5 |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/249362/indocanadian-porn-star-to-spice-up-bigg-boss-5/ |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-01-03 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130103145653/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/249362/indocanadian-porn-star-to-spice-up-bigg-boss-5/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111121070207/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/television/sunny-leone-enters-bigg-boss-in-a-lehenga/article1-771671.aspx Sunny Leone enters Bigg Boss in a lehenga]</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, way diidday inay ka hadasho shaqadeeda qaawan, waxayna u sheegtay Pooja Bedi inay iyadu ahayd moodel iyo TV marti ku ah Ameerika tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ama wax la mid ah.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Bigg Boss: Sunny Leone hides her porn star status |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-hides-her-porn-star-status_100679.htm |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604060231/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-hides-her-porn-star-status_100679.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Waxaa la soo wariyay in ay kicisay buuq ka dhex dhacay dad weynaha<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111128192130/http://www.theprovince.com/news/Canadian%2Bporn%2Bstar%2BSunny%2BLeone%2Bcauses%2Bstir%2BIndia/5760537/story.html Canadian porn star Sunny Leone causes stir in India]</ref> iyada oo barteeda [[Twitter]]-ka ku kasbatay 8,000 oo taageerayaal cusub 2 maalmood gudahood<ref>[https://archive.today/20120707134721/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-22/tv/30428111_1_contract-star-twitter-users-penthouse-pet Adult star Sunny Leone is trending in India]</ref> iyo [[Google]] oo leh waxay raadineysaa khibradeeda "guul".<ref>{{Cite web |title=For a few days the growth in search queries related to Sunny Leone was what Google describes 'breakout'. |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/tv/30444716_1_sunny-deol-google-trends-search-data |access-date=2012-07-07 |archive-date=2013-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726161326/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-27/tv/30444716_1_sunny-deol-google-trends-search-data |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waxa kale oo jiray cabashooyin loo gudbiyay Wasaaradda Warfaafinta iyo Baahinta ee Hindiya iyaga oo ku andacoonaya in kanaalka TV-yada ee Colors uu kor u qaadayo filimada qaawan iyadoo Leone ay ka soo muuqanayso barnaamijka;  kuwa xareystay waxaa ka mid ah Hindida Farshaxanada iyo Jilayaasha.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111203070208/http://www.mediamughals.com/News/1/1/Article/8593/IAAF_files_complaint_against_Colors_for_Sunny_Leone_entry.htm IAAF files complaint against Colors for Sunny Leone entry]</ref> Waxaa laga saaray guriga maalintii 91 .<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/porn-star-sunny-leone-to-enter-bigg-boss-146090-2011-11-17 Porn star Sunny Leone to enter 'Bigg Boss' house]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/photogallery/tv/sunny-leones-bigg-boss-journey-ends-819259.html|title=Bigg Boss 5: Sunny Leone evicted from the house|date=1 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-sunny-leone-on-her-stint-in-bigg-boss-house/20120102.htm#5|title=Juhi is the backbone of the house who keeps everyone together|date=2 January 2012}}</ref> [[File:Sunny_-_Jism_2_01.jpg|left|thumb|Leone filimkii ''[[Jism 2]]'' ee 2012]] Intii ay ku jirtay guriga Bigg Boss, Leone waxaa u yimid filim sameeyaha Bollywood Mahesh Bhatt oo guriga soo galay si kooban si uu ugu siiyo doorka hogaaminta ee ''Jism 2'' (qeybtii labaad ee filimkii ''[[Jism]]'' ee 2003). Leone ayaa Bollywood-ka soo gashay sanadkii 2012 iyadoo la keentay filimka Jism 2 si ay u daciifiso soo dhaweynta xasaasiga ah laakiin ganacsi ahaan wuu ku guuleystay.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/i-haven-t-made-jism-2-for-100-crore-club-pooja-bhatt/article1-909714.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808134027/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/I-haven-t-made-Jism-2-for-100-crore-club-Pooja-Bhatt/Article1-909714.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 8, 2012|title=I haven't made Jism 2 for 100 crore club: Pooja Bhatt|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=7 August 2012}}</ref> Sunny Leone waxay saxiixday filimkeedii labaad ee Bollywood ah, ''Ragini MMS 2'', waxaa xigay filimkii Ekta Kapoor ee argagaxa lahaa ee ''Ragini MMS''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.invectura.com/sunny-leone-in-ragini-mms-2/|title=Sunny Leone in Ragini MMS 2|work=invectura.com|date=2012-04-22|access-date=2012-04-22|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2012-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601030517/http://www.invectura.com/sunny-leone-in-ragini-mms-2/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sunny Leone ayaa ka soo muuqatay hees ku jirta filimkii 2013 ''Shootout at Wadala''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sunny Leone goes desi for first item song in Bollywood|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Sunny-Leone-goes-desi-for-first-item-song-in-Bollywood/Article1-1021993.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307060259/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Sunny-Leone-goes-desi-for-first-item-song-in-Bollywood/Article1-1021993.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2013|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Check Out: Sunny Leone in Shootout At Wadala|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/4647|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=6 March 2013}}</ref> Waxay sii bilawday duubista filimka ''Jackpot''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kaizad Gustad hits the Jackpot|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/more/news/view/id/1855079|publisher=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=2 July 2013|date=2013-06-25}}</ref> ''Jackpot'' waxaa la sii daayay 13-kii Diseembar 2013 mana aysan soo dhaweynin dadka naqdiya .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/598013|title=Jackpot|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> === ''Ragini MMS 2'' (2014–hada) === [[File:Sunny_Leone_snapped_in_Mumbai.jpg|left|thumb|Leone 2018]] Filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ay bixiso sanadkii 2014 wuxuu ahaa filim cabsi badan laga wada qabay ''Ragini MMS 2'', kaasoo noqday filim guuleystay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014#.U-AH7fl_ssZ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508150134/http://boxofficeindia.com/Details/art_detail/toptenworldwidegrossers2014|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 8, 2014|title=Boxoffice|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ragini_mms_2#.U-AH5vl_ssY|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401024315/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/ragini_mms_2|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 1, 2014|title=Boxoffice|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Waxqabadka Leone ayaa helay amaan iyo cambaareyn Mohar Basu oo ugu yeeray jilisteeda "muujinta".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koimoi.com/movie/ragini-mms-2/?type=review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006223634/http://www.koimoi.com/movie/ragini-mms-2/?type=review|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 6, 2014|title=Movie Review:Ragini Mms 2|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Bishii Nofeembar 2013, waxay xaqiijisay inay sameyn doonto filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee Tamil ah ee Vadacurry kaas oo soo baxay bishii Maajo 2014 waxayna ku soo bandhigtay muuqaal gaar ah.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/news-interviews/Sunny-Leone-excited-about-her-Tamil-film/articleshow/26402212.cms|title=Sunny Leone excited about her Tamil film|work=The Times Of India|date=2013-11-26|access-date=2013-12-05}}</ref> Waxay markan ku soo baxday heesta "Pink Lips" ee filimka ''Hate Story 2'' ,<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone's Pink Lips gets 10 lakhs fans|url=http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-pink-lips-gets-10-lakhs-fans/47503|access-date=8 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|date=7 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713011726/http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-pink-lips-gets-10-lakhs-fans/47503|archive-date=July 13, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref>Guusha "Pink Lips" kadib, waxay mar kale kasoo muuqatay "Shake That Booty" filimka ''Balwinder Singh Famous Ho Gaya''. Waxay markii ugu horeysay jilis ku sameysay shirkada filimada ee Telugu iyadoo ka soo muuqatay door yar oo ka mid ah filimka ''Current Theega'', halkaasoo ay ku soo ciyaartay macalin iskuul.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/First-look-Sunny-Leone-stuns-in-a-sari-in-Current-Theega/articleshow/37393994.cms|title=First look : Sunny Leone stuns in a sari in Current Theega|work=The Times of India|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_snapped_post_shoot_at_Mehboob_Studio_2.jpg|thumb|Leone 2016]] Leone ayaa markaa ka soo muuqatay heesta "Sesamma Bagilu Tegi Amma" ee filimka Kannada ee ''DK'', taas oo marki ugu horreysay ka soo muuqatay shirkadda filimada Kannada.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone to do item number for DK|url=http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leone-to-do-item-number-for-dk/48255|access-date=5 August 2014|work=Patrika Group|issue=5 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808022021/http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leone-to-do-item-number-for-dk/48255|archive-date=August 8, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2015, Leone waxay ka soo muuqatay filimka muusikada xiisaha leh ee ''Ek Paheli Leela'', halkaas oo ay ku muujisay laba door sida Leela, tuulo beelle, iyo Meera, oo ah moodel ka yimid [[Milan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone's hot and desi look in Leela|url=http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-hot-and-desi-look-in-leela/48131|access-date=31 July 2014|work=Patrika Group|issue=31 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802135019/http://www.patrika.com/article/sunny-leones-hot-and-desi-look-in-leela/48131|archive-date=August 2, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-review/Ek-Paheli-Leela/movie-review/46877692.cms|title=Ek Paheli Leela Movie Review|work=The Times of India}}</ref> Filimku wuxuu la kulmay iskudhafro dib u eegis diidmo ah laakiin wuxuu ahaa guul ganacsi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ek Paheli Leela : 1st Wednesday (Day 6) Box Office Collections|url=http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/ek-paheli-leela-1st-wedneday-day-6-box-office-collections|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418124845/http://www.koimoi.com/box-office/ek-paheli-leela-1st-wedneday-day-6-box-office-collections/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 18, 2015|access-date=17 April 2015|work=Koimoi.com|issue=17 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Box Office Capsule "Ek Paheli Leela"|url=http://www.boxofficecapsule.com/analysis/Lifetime-Business--Economics-Of-EK-PAHELI-LEELA-3555|access-date=May 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329155314/http://www.boxofficecapsule.com/analysis/Lifetime-Business--Economics-Of-EK-PAHELI-LEELA-3555|archive-date=March 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> ka dib waxay ka soo muuqatay filimkii shactirada ahaa ee Kuch Kuch Locha Hai oo la sii daayay 8-dii May, 2015. Filimka ayaa u muuqday mid dhaliil iyo ganacsi ahaanba ku fashilmay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny gives another sex comedy|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sunny-Leone-Ram-Kapoor-display-their-comic-side-in-Kuch-Kuch-Locha-Hai/articleshow/45317764.cms}}</ref> Waxay sameysay heesteedii labaad ee Kannada "Kamakshi" ee filimka ''Luv U Alia''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone in her second Kannada film|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-leone-in-special-cameo-in-luv-u-alia/}}</ref> waxay ka soo muuqatay door yar Akshay Kumar filimkiisa ''Singh is Bling.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone shoots for a cameo in Singh is Bling|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/15001442/Sunny-Leone-does-a-cameo-in-Akshay-Kumars-Singh-Is-Bliing}}</ref>'' Bishii Janaayo 2016, waxay ka soo muuqatay filimkii ''Mastizaade'', oo la sii daayay Janaayo 29, 2016, halkaasoo ay ku muujisay mataano ah, Laila iyo Lily Lele oo ay wehliyaan Tusshar Kapoor iyo Vir Das.  Filimka waxaa loo sii daayay dib u eegis isku dhafan wuxuuna ahaa mid celcelis ahaan soo xareeyay .<ref name="indiatoday.intoday.in">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/sunny-leone--sex-comedy-mastizaade-milap-zaveri/1/358490.html|title=First poster of Sunny Leone's sex-comedy Mastizaade out|access-date=September 22, 2014}}</ref> Filimkeedii xigay wuxuu ahaa ''One Night Stand'' oo la sii daayay 6-dii May, 2016. Filimka waxaa loo sii daayay dib-u-eegis isku dhafan laakiin wuxuu ahaa flop ganacsi ahaan.<ref>{{cite news|title=One Night Stand commences shoot|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Sunny-Leones-One-Night-Stand-in-Thailand/photostory/46128243.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|date=February 5, 2015}}</ref> Filimkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee ay soosaarto sanadkii 2016 wuxuu ahaa ''Beiimaan Love'' oo soo baxay 14kii Oktoobar 2016. Bandhigeeda si weyn ayaa loo amaanay laakiin filimku wuxuu la kulmay dib u eegisyo taban wuuna fashilmay.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beiimaan Love kickstarts with cake cutting|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Rajneesh-Duggal-excited-to-team-up-with-Sunny-Leone-again-in-Tera-Beimaan-Love/articleshow/46930829.cms}}{{Dead link|date=June 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=no}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay heesta "Tu Zaroorat Nahi Tu Zaroori Hai" oo ay la wado Sharman Joshi iyo heesta "Choli Blockbuster" ee filimka ''Dongri Ka Raja''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny gets a new voice for item number|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mamta-sharma-to-sing-an-item-number-for-sunny-leone-2260735|work=[[Dna India]]|publisher=[[Diligent Media Corporation]]|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny and Sharman to steamup the song|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/sunny-leone-sizzles-ranbir-kapoor-sharman-joshi-song-video-teaser-released-693982|work=[[IB Times]] India|date=September 16, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Diseembar 2016, heesteeda "Laila Main Laila" oo filimka ''Raees'' oo ay la wado [[Shahrukh Khan|Shah Rukh Khan]] ayaa la sii daayay .<ref>{{cite news|title='Raees' rail ride: Sunny Leone shocked by the fan frenzy at Vadodara station|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/raees-rail-ride-sunny-leone-shocked-by-the-fan-frenzy-at-vadodara-station/articleshow/56742559.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|date=January 25, 2017}}</ref> [[File:Sunny_Leone_promotes_Raees-2.jpg|left|thumb|Leone at an event promotion of ''[[Raees (film)|Raees]]'' in 2017]] Bishii Abriil 2017, waxay ka soo muuqatay door yar filimka ''Noor'' ee Sonakshi Sinha''.''{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Kadib waxay kasoo muuqatay heesta "Piya More" oo ay la wado Emraan Hashmi filimka ''Baadshaho''.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Sunny-Leone-to-groove-with-Ajay-Devgn-in-Baadshaho/articleshow/53633130.cms"Sunny|title=Leone to groove with Ajay Devgn in 'Baadshaho'|work=[[The Times of India]]|publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]]|date=January 28, 2017|access-date=October 14, 2017}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ka soo muuqatay heesta "Trippy Trippy" ee filimka, ''Bhoomi'' ayaa la sii daayay Sebtember 22, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone to do a song in Sanjay Dutt's comeback film|url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/after-shah-rukh-khan-and-emraan-hashmi-sunny-leone-to-shoot-a-special-song-for-sanjay-dutts-comeback-film-bhoomi/|work=[[BollywoodLife.com]]|date=July 25, 2017|last=Chauhan|first=Gaurang}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale sameysay filimkeedii ugu horeeyay ee Marathi iyo Bengali isla bishaas iyadoo heeso "Kuth Kuth Jayacha Honeymoon La" iyo "Chaap Nishna".<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny makes Marathi debut with an item song|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kuth-kuth-jayacha-honeymoon-la-sunny-leone-boyz-marathi-movie.html|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2021-04-26|archive-date=2018-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103004853/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/videos/kuth-kuth-jayacha-honeymoon-la-sunny-leone-boyz-marathi-movie.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny in Sera Bangali|url=http://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/in-pics-sunny-leone-makes-bengali-debut-with-rajpal-yadav-in-sera-bengali/story-iB3ekeeUQwX9KZZ6rrz4uO.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|publisher=[[HT Media]]|date=July 26, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Afraad 26, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827004910/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/in-pics-sunny-leone-makes-bengali-debut-with-rajpal-yadav-in-sera-bengali/story-iB3ekeeUQwX9KZZ6rrz4uO.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kadib waxay kasoo muuqatay heesta "Deo Deo" ee filimka Telugu ee ''PSV Garuda Vega''<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone signs secong Telugu film|url=http://www.news18.com/news/movies/sunny-leone-was-my-first-choice-for-special-number-in-psv-garuda-vega-praveen-sattaru-1358065.html|work=[[News18 India]]|publisher=[[Network18 Group]]|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> Waxay sameysay filimkeedii caadiga ahaa ee ''Tera Intezaar'' oo ay la waday Arbaaz Khan. Filimku wuxuu soo baxay 1 Diseembar 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunny Leone excited to work with Arbaaz Khan|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/sunny-leone-new-film-arbaaz-khan-malaika-arora-divorce/1/680882.html|work=[[India Today]]|publisher=[[Living Media]]|date=May 30, 2016}}</ref> Sunny Leone waxaa u codeeyay xeerbeegtida Shabakadda 'Network 7 Media Group' inay tahay "Atariishada Arimaha Hindiya ee sanadka 2018" oo ay aasaaseen Satya Brahma xafladii taariikhiga ahayd ee 9aad ee Hoggaaminta Hindida Hindiya & Abaalmarinta Hoggaaminta Ganacsiga Hindida ee 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indialeadershipconclave.info/sunny-leone-honored-as-indian-affairs-actress-of-the-year-2018-at-india-leadership-conclave-2018/|title=Sunny Leone honored as 'Indian Affairs Actress of the year 2018' at India Leadership Conclave 2018|date=2018-07-26|work=India Leadership Conclave 2018|access-date=2018-08-04|language=en-US|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2018-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804170140/http://indialeadershipconclave.info/sunny-leone-honored-as-indian-affairs-actress-of-the-year-2018-at-india-leadership-conclave-2018/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sunny Leone taxaneheeda taariikh nololeedkiisa ''Karenjit Kaur - The Untold Story of Sunny Leone'', taxane asal ah oo ay daabacday ZEE5,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5originals/details/karenjit-kaur-the-untold-story-of-sunny-leone/0-6-tvshow_984782182|title='Karenjit Kaur – the untold story of Sunny Leone|publisher=zee5.com|access-date=2018-06-29}}</ref> waxaa la sii daayay 16kii Luulyo 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watch: Sunny Leone unveils the 38-second motion poster of her biopic Karenjit Kaur & it breaks the Internet in 24 hours|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-watch-sunny-leone-unveils-the-38-second-motion-poster-of-her-biopic-karenjit-kaur-it-breaks-the-internet-in-24-hours-2632441}}</ref> Tixdu waxay ka warramaysaa safarkii ay ka soo gashay gabadh dabaqadda dhexe ah oo ku nool Kanada si ay u noqoto qof caan ka ah googled-ka Hindiya. == Nolosha shaqsiga == Bishii Juun 2006, Leone waxay noqotay muwaadin Mareykan ah, laakiin waxay sheegtay inay qorsheyneyso inay sii ahaato labo dhalasho oo Kanada ah.<ref name="sapna">[http://www.sapnamagazine.com/fall05/articles/culture/fa-sunny.html Sex and Stardom: Inside the World of a Desi Adult Entertainer] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sapnamagazine.com/fall05/articles/culture/fa-sunny.html |date=20070818140644 }} Sapna magazine</ref> 14kii Abriil 2012, Leone waxay ku dhawaaqday inay hadda deggan tahay Hindiya,<ref>[https://twitter.com/SunnyLeone/status/191135558796451841 Twitter / SunnyLeone: I have the greatest news today]</ref><ref name="in.movies.yahoo.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20131105050026/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/sunny-leone-now-indian-citizen-183000530.html Sunny Leone Now An Indian Citizen – Yahoo Movies India]</ref> iyada oo sharraxaysa wareysi ay siisay ''The New Indian Express'' in ay ahayd Muwaadin Dibedda ka ah Hindiya isla markaana ay xaq u leedahay dhalashada dibadda sababta oo ah waalidkeed waxay ku noolaayeen Hindiya. Way codsatay kahor duubista filimka ''Jism 2''.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone, about Indian fans |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article585734.ece |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106093759/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/article585734.ece |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone: Ragini MMS 2 later, house in Mumbai first |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-MUM-sunny-leone-ragini-mms-2-later-house-in-mumbai-first-3669421.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103105549/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-MUM-sunny-leone-ragini-mms-2-later-house-in-mumbai-first-3669421.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-triple-treat-sunny-leone-will-have-three-releases-within-the-next-six-months-1917049 Triple treat! Sunny Leone will have three releases within the next six months – Entertainment – DNA]</ref><ref name="rta2">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone RTA PSA to Debut at AVN Awards |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/33070.html |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2009-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924025944/http://business.avn.com/articles/33070.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Leone waxay si xoog leh u daneyneysaa caafimaadka iyo jir dhiska waxaana lagu soo bandhigay dhowr waxyaalood oo ku saabsan jirdhiska. Leone waxay qaabeeysay dharka jirdhiska ee loogu talagalay astaanta isboortiga Fantasy Fitness<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090721115016/http://www.fantasyfitness.com/models/sunny-leone.php FantasyFitness.com]</ref> Waxayna la wadaagtay inay jirkeeda ku ilaalineyso qaab iyada oo ka shaqeysa inta ay kari karto inkasta oo ay mashquul badan tahay sida lagu soo xigtay joornaalka ''Man’s Fitness'', "Waxaan isku dayaa inaan cuno caafimaad aad u badan - khudaar fara badan, oo aan caano cabbo maalin kasta."<ref>[http://www.mensfitness.com/advice/hot-women/meet-girl-sunny-leone Adult star Sunny Leone loves playing the field]</ref> In kasta oo ay aad u soo jiidanayso ragga iyo dumar, haddana waxa ay sheegtay in ay ragga ka doorbid badan tahay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigg Boss' Sunny Leone is bisexual, but prefers men |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/lifestyle/252006/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-is-bisexual-but-prefers-men/ |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114054558/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/lifestyle/252006/bigg-boss-sunny-leone-is-bisexual-but-prefers-men |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sunny Leone waxay xiriir la laheyd majaajiliiste Hindi-Canadian ah oo is-taagay Russell Peters ilaa ay kala tageen 2007.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGXWYomn_6s Comedian Russell Peters Goes Off on Trevor Noah + Names His Top 5 Comedians] YouTube</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone is a real sweetheart: Russell Peters |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-is-a-real-sweetheart-russell-peters/article1-1140756.aspx |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131028051006/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tabloid/sunny-leone-is-a-real-sweetheart-russell-peters/article1-1140756.aspx |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Sunny-Leone-dated-comedian-Russell-Peters/articleshow/24928353.cms Sunny Leone dated comedian Russell Peters?]</ref> Leon wuxuu markaa xiriir la lahaa Matt Erikson, oo ah madaxweyne-ku-xigeenka suuq-geynta shirkadda Playboy Enterprises. Ka dib markii ay is qabteen Erikson, waxay kala tageen 2008.<ref name="torostar">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071012213649/http://www.thestar.com/DesiLife/article/265411 Sunny Leone on life as a desi adult star]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny Leone's ex making moolah off her |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-24/tv/30551502_1_sunny-bigg-boss-house-movies |access-date=2013-10-31 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102051316/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-24/tv/30551502_1_sunny-bigg-boss-house-movies |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/daniel-weber-sunny-leone-bigg-boss-matt-erikson/1/166987.html I want to marry Daniel Weber over and over again: Sunny Leone]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111224103536/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Tabloid/Sunny-Leone-s-ex-cashes-in-on-her-fame/Article1-786520.aspx Sunny Leone's ex cashes in on her fame]</ref> Waxay ku sheegtay wareysiga bilowgii 2011 inay guursatay Daniel Weber, oo ah jilaa Mareykan ah, soo saare, iyo ganacsade.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=EXCLUSIVE: Sunny Leone Talks The Virginity Hit |url=http://www.movieweb.com/news/exclusive-sunny-leone-talks-the-virginity-hit |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2013-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122200815/http://www.movieweb.com/news/exclusive-sunny-leone-talks-the-virginity-hit |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-sunny-leone-s-husband-daniel-weber-also-a-porn-star-will-now-make-his-bollywood-debut-in-wife-s-jackpot-1874643 Sunny Leone's husband Daniel Weber, will now make his Bollywood debut in wife's 'Jackpot']</ref> Intii ay joogtay guriga ''Bigg Boss'' dabayaaqadii isla sanadkaas, Leone waxay muujisay inay guursatay; Leone waxay sheegtay inay si ula kac ah u soo daahday cashadoodii ugu horeysay ee ay wada qaataan maadaama aysan la dhicin, laakiin wuxuu badalay fikirkeeda kadib markii uu 24 ubax u diray qolkeeda hoteelka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny Leone breaks hearts by getting 'married' in Bigg Boss house |url=http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/254769/sunny-leone-breaks-hearts-by-getting-married-in-bigg-boss-house/ |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192757/http://www.indiavision.com/news/article/entertainment/254769/sunny-leone-breaks-hearts-by-getting-married-in-bigg-boss-house |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://businessofcinema.com/news/sunny-leones-husband-proud-bollywood-debut/ Sunny Leone's Husband: Proud Of Her Bollywood Debut]</ref> Maqaal 2008 todobaadle ah oo lagu magacaabo ''Eye Weekly'' 2008 ayaa lagu sheegay in "Leone ay ku dadaaleyso sidii ay u ilaalin lahayd isku xirnaanshaha dhaqamada Sikh, xitaa haddii aragti ahaan ay ka badato ficil ahaan. Laakiin uma badna inay diidi doonto waddadeeda shaqadeeda diin darteed" iyo in Leone ay tiri "Gabdhaha way ka tegi doonaan  warshadaha oo sheeganaya inay heleen Ilaah, waa hagaag, xaqiiqda ayaa ah in Ilaah had iyo jeer la joogo iyaga waqtiga oo dhan. "<ref name="EyeWeekly">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110710213113/http://www.eyeweekly.com/scrollingeye/article/32910 Sunny Leone's America]</ref> Wareysi ay bixisay 2010 ayay ku tiri:<blockquote>Waa diin ku saleysan bulshada. Waxaad ku dhex socotaa macbud waxaana lagugu salaamayaa si xushmad leh ... Laakiin, sida diin kasta oo kale ma rabto inaad toogato waxyaabaha qaangaarka ah.  Waxaan ula jeedaa, waxaan ku soo koray tagitaanka macbudka Axad walba.  Markii ay waalidkay ogaadeen waxay garanayeen shakhsiyaddayda oo ahayd mid aad u madax bannaan. Xitaa haddii ay isku dayaan inay i joojiyaan ama ay isku dayaan inay wadada saxda ah ii wadaan waxay luminayaan gabadhooda.  Aad baan u madax adag ahay.  Mana ahayn qorshe. Waxay uun dhacday oo xirfadayda iyo wax walbana way sii weynaanayeen.</blockquote> === Guurka iyo qoyska === [[File:Sunny_Leone_&_Daniel_Weber_graces_Vogue_Beauty_Awards_2017.jpg|right|thumb|Leone iyo ninkeeda Daniel Weber oo ku sugnaa [[Vogue]] Beauty Awards ee 2017]] Bishii Luulyo 2017, Leone iyo ninkeeda Daniel Weber waxay ilmahoodii ugu horreeyay ka korsadeen Latur, tuulo ku taal Maharashtra. Gabadha yar ee ay u bixisay Nisha Kaur Weber, waxay jirtay 21 bilood markii la korsanayay.  Aktarada Sherlyn Chopra ayaa markii ugu horeysay xaqiijisay warkan iyada oo ku qortay fariin hambalyo ah baraha bulshada 20kii July 2017. "Waligey nolosheyda kuma aanan fikirin inaan doonayo inaan korsado cunug. Dadka howlahan cajiibka ah ka qabanaya xarunta agoonta ayaa maskaxdayda badalay," Daniel  Weber ayaa u sheegay ''Hindustan Times''.<ref name="NDTV">[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sunny-leone-and-husband-daniel-weber-adopt-baby-girl-1727387 Sunny Leone And Husband Daniel Weber Adopt Baby Girl]</ref><ref name="The Indian Express">[http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-adopt-daughter-nisha-confirmed-see-photos-4761395/ Sunny Leone and Daniel Weber adopt baby girl, see first photos of Nisha Kaur Weber]</ref><ref name="TOI">[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sunny-leone-adopts-baby-girl-nisha/articleshow/59692469.cms Sunny Leone and husband Daniel Weber adopts baby girl Nisha]</ref><ref name="Firstpost">[http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/sunny-leone-daniel-weber-adopt-baby-girl-from-latur-name-her-nisha-kaur-weber-3839393.html Sunny Leone, Daniel Weber adopt baby girl from Latur, name her Nisha Kaur Weber]</ref> Bishii Maarso 4, 2018, Sunny Leone iyo ninkeeda ayaa ku dhawaaqay dhalashada wiilashooda mataanaha ah, oo ku dhashay qaan-gaar.  Waxay u bixiyeen wiilasha Asher Singh Weber iyo Noah Singh Weber.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone announces birth of twins, tweets about it |url=http://bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151923/http://www.bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Sunny Leone and Daniel Weber become parents for the second time |url=http://bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |access-date=2021-04-26 |archive-date=2018-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307151923/http://www.bombaytimes.com/celebs/sunny-leone-and-daniel-weber-become-parents-for-the-second-time/articleshow/63167458.cms |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Leone waxay ku nooshahay Mumbai, Maharashtra.  Waxay u guurtay gurigooda cusub iyada iyo ninkeeda Weber iyo caruurteeda Ganesh Chaturthi oo dhacday Sebtember 13, 2018.<ref name="NDTVGaneshChaturthi">[https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ganesh-chaturthi-2018-sunny-leone-and-husband-daniel-weber-celebrate-by-moving-into-new-home-1915997 Ganesh Chaturthi 2018: Sunny Leone And Husband Daniel Weber Celebrate By Moving Into New Home]</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Atariisho Hindida filimada galmada]] [[Category:Dad nool]] 7kk7hzlw9kkslu2bbwp2akveia622yg 0 32510 298834 275806 2026-06-19T06:30:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Jun Ji-hyun|birth_name=Wang Ji-hyun|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|10|30|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Seoul]], Kuuriyada Koonfureed|other names=Gianna Jun|education=Dongguk University|years active=1997–hada|spouse={{marriage|Choi Joon-hyuk|2012}}|children=2|image=191112 전지현 (1).jpg|image caption=Jun 2019}} '''Jun Ji-hyun''' (waxay dhashay Wang Ji-hyun markay ahayd 30 Oktoobar 1981), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan magaceeda Ingiriisiga ah '''Gianna Jun''', waa jilaa Kuuriyada Koonfureed. Waxay heshay abaalmarino badan, oo ay ku jiraan laba abaalmarin Grand Bell oo loogu talagalay Jilaa-ka ugu wanaagsan iyo Daesang (Grand Prize) oo loogu talagalay Telefishanka Abaalmarinta Farshaxanka ee Baeksang. Jun waxay caan ku noqotay doorkeeda ah "Gabadha " ku jirta [[Majaajilo-jaceyl|majaajillada jaceylka]] ah ee ''[[My Sassy Girl]]'' (2001), mid ka mid ah majaajiliistayaasha ugu lacagta badan Kuuriya waqtiga oo dhan. Filimada kale ee xusida mudan waxaa ka mid ah ''[[Il Mare]]'' (2000), ''[[Windstruck]]'' (2004), ''[[The Thieves]]'' (2012), ''[[The Berlin File]]'' (2013) iyo ''[[Assassination]]'' (2015). Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay taxanaha telefishanka ''[[My Love from the Star]]'' (2013–2014) iyo ''[[Legend of the Blue Sea]]'' (2016–2017). Waqtigaan la joogo, waxay u jilaysaa sida Ashin taxanaha Netflix ee ''[[Kingdom]]'' (2020-hada). Jun Ji-hyun guusha ay ka gaadhay filimada iyo telefishanka ayaa u asaastay inay noqoto atariisho heer sare ah oo reer Kuuriya ah. == Nolosha == Jun wuxuu ku dhashay Seoul. Waxay leedahay hal walaal oo ka weyn.  Hooyadeed iyo hooyadeed saaxiibadeed waxay dhammaantood ku dhiirrigeliyeen inay noqoto qof ku dayasho ama jilis ah dhererkeeda iyo muuqaalkeeda caato darteed  Riyadeedii caruurnimo waxay ahayd inay noqoto shaqaale duulimaad, laakiin way ka quusatay riyadan kadib khibrad duulimaad diyaaradeed.  Markii ay jirtay 16 sano, saaxiibkeed dugsiga sare oo moodel ahaa ayaa ku baray sawir qaade. Iyada oo adeegsaneysa magaca masraxa Jun Ji-hyun, waxay bilawday shaqadeeda iyadoo tusaale u ah Ecole Magazine sanadkii 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=020&aid=0000198633|script-title=ko:[씨네피플]"엽기녀? 요조숙녀에요" 영화'4인용식탁' 전지현|date=27 July 2003|website=The Dong Ilbo|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> == Shaqo == === 1997–2005 === Jun markii ugu horreysay wuxuu caan ku noqday moodel ganacsi iyo jilista TV-ga. In kasta oo ay filimkeedii ugu horreeyey ka soo muuqatay filimkii yaraa ee loo yaqaan ''[[White Valentine]]'' sanadkii 1999-kii, haddana ma ahayn illaa dabayaaqadii sannadka markii ay ka soo muuqatay xayeysiiska shirkadda [[Samsung]] inay noqotay mid caan noqotay. Qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo dabeecadda lagu muujiyey xayeysiiska ayaa ka dhigtay iyada astaan ​​loogu talagalay Kuuriya da 'yarta dhammaadka iyo labaataneeyada.<ref name="paquet">{{cite web|last=Paquet|first=Darcy|title=Actors and Actresses of Korean Cinema: Jeon Ji-hyun|url=http://koreanfilm.org/actors.html#jeonjh|website=Koreanfilm.org|access-date=18 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/15026|title=10LINE – 전지현|date=26 July 2012|website=10Asia|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=22 Bisha Todobaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722125457/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/15026|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=005&aid=0000244397|title=전지현 삼성전자 CF모델에|date=8 May 2006|website=KMIB|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Sannadkii ku xigay, Jun waxay samaysay filimkeedii ugu horreeyay ee si fiican loo soo bandhigo dhammaadkii 2000 iyada oo lala keenay ''[[Il Mare]]'', oo ah filim melodrama ah oo lagu dhigay Jasiiradda Ganghwa.<ref name="ilmare">{{cite web|url=https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=020&aid=0000025616|script-title=ko:[영화]'시월애' 주연 이정재-전지현 인터뷰|date=8 September 2000|website=The Donga Ilbo|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Filimku sifiican ayuu uga soo shaqeeyey Box Office-ka (inkasta oo isla maalintaas la wada furay filim kale sida ''Joint Security Area'' ah) wuxuuna adkeeyay xaaladdeeda atariisho.<ref name="paquet" /> Filimka ugu caansan ee Jun wuxuu ahaa majaajillada ''[[My Sassy Girl]]'', waxay qaadatay doorka sheeko ahaan arday kuleej ah oo khiyaamo ku dheehan tahay iyo saaxiibtiis oo aan wax yar dabacsanayn.  Jun "dabeecad xun, cod dheer, oo xukun qaadis ah iyadoo waliba muujineysa astaamaha gabar qalbi nadiif ah" ayaa ka soo horjeedda caadooyinka jinsiga ee Aasiya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/SassyGirl/index.html|title=Asia's beloved sassy girl: Jun Ji-Hyun's star image and her transnational stardom by JaeYoon Park|website=www.ejumpcut.org}}</ref><ref name="sassy">{{cite web|last1=Ko|first1=Ji-seon|title=Jun Ji-hyun talks about her love for debut film ''My Sassy Girl''|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201507191556085861540_2|website=[[The Korea Herald|K-pop Herald]]|access-date=29 July 2015|date=19 July 2015}}</ref> Filimku wuxuu noqday midka ugu lacagta badan ee Kuuriya laga helo ee waqtiga oo dhan laga daawado Kuuriya sidoo kale wuxuu laba usbuuc ku qaatay No 1 ee Hong Kong, isagoo bilaabay xirfadiisii ​​Jun ee xidigtii Pan-Asia iyada oo ah mid ka mid ah atirishada ugu weyn South Korea ee suuqa luqadda [[Shiinaha]] ku hadla.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Korean Female Star Makes Waves in the Chinese Mobile Market|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2004/05/07/2004050761026.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=7 May 2004}}</ref> Guusha weyn ee ''My Sassy Girl'' waxay sidoo kale adkeysay caan ka ahaanshaha Jun ee gudaha, waxaana la siiyay cinwaanka "Jaceylka Koowaad ee Qaranka".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201606101410484008937_2|title=Korean stars dubbed 'Nation's first love'|website=[[The Korea Herald|Kpop Herald]]|date=10 June 2016|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Caannimada sii kordheysa ee Jun waxay keentay in shirkado badan ay codsadaan in la ogolaado.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cine21.com/news/view/?mag_id=19623|script-title=ko:전지현에 대한 3가지 보고서 [3]|date=26 June 2003|website=Cine21|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale ku guuleysatay abaalmarinta Aktarada ugu fiican abaalmarinta Grand Bell Awards 2002. Sanadkii 2003, Jun wuxuu jilay filimka xiisaha leh ee cilmi-nafsiga ee ''[[The Uninvited]]'', kaasoo si wanaagsan ay u heleen dadka dhaleeceeya laakiin ku guuldareystay inuu la qabsado daawadayaasha.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Tale of Two Jeons|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2004/04/01/2004040161015.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=1 April 2004}}</ref><ref name="uninvited">{{cite web|url=http://www.cine21.com/news/view/?mag_id=20158|script-title=ko:부담스럽다，그래도 달려들었다，<4인용 식탁> 전지현＆박신양|date=30 July 2003|website=Cine21|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Waqtigaan oo dhan waxay si joogto ah uga dhex muuqan jirtay xayeysiinta TV-ga iyo boorarka Kuuriya iyo sidoo kale wadamada kale ee Aasiya.<ref name="paquet" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Hong Joo-hyun|first=Wohn Dong-hee|title=Beauty brands seek Korean faces|url=http://mengnews.joins.com/view.aspx?aId=2519976|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=20 January 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shim|first=Seo-hyun|title=Jun Ji-hyun replaced as Elastine's go-to girl|url=http://mengnews.joins.com/view.aspx?aId=2945364|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=10 December 2011}}</ref> Waxay dib ula midowday Kwak Jae-yong, oo ah agaasimaha ''My Sassy Girl'', sanadkii 2004, oo u muuqatay [[Booliis|gabadh booliis]] ah oo ku jirta filim [[jacayl]] ah oo la yiraahdo ''[[Windstruck]]''.<ref name="wind">{{cite web|url=http://news.donga.com/3/all/20040524/8064837/1|script-title=ko:[씨네피플]영화 ’내 여자친구를 소개합니다’ 주연 전지현|date=24 May 2004|website=The Donga Ilbo|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, daawadayaashu waxay dareemeen doorkeeda inuu aad ugu egyahay ''My Sassy Girl''.<ref name="auto" /> Waxaa sidoo kale jiray astaamo muujinaya in caannimadeedii ay bilaabatay inay dhibto sababtoo ah xayeysiis xad dhaaf ah awgeed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Cedes Advertising Power to Jang Dong-gun|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/03/30/2007033061020.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=30 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=When Stars Bank on Advertising Only|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/09/05/2009090500234.html|access-date=|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=}}</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, ''Windstruck'' wuxuu noqday filimka Kuuriya ee ugu wanaagsan Japan wakhtigaas, halkaas oo ''My Sassy Girl'' aan si fiican loo aqoon.<ref name="paquet" /><ref>{{cite web|title=''Windstruck'' to Premiere in Hong Kong|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2004/05/28/2004052861044.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=28 May 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Walsh|first=Bryan|title=A Force to Reckon With|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,644221,00.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=31 May 2004|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=17 Bisha Sideedaad 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817044730/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,644221,00.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Mashruucii xigay ee Jun wuxuu ahaa filimka ''[[Daisy]]'', kaasoo soo jiitay halka uu ku duuban yahay 100% gudaha Netherlands, iyo adeegsiga agaasimaha Hong Kong Andrew Lau.<ref name="paquet" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Vehicle Aims Straight for the Tear Ducts|url=https://www.soompi.com/2006/03/20/jun-jihyun-vehicle-aims-straight-for-the-tear-ducts/|publisher=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|website=[[Soompi]]|date=19 March 2006|access-date=22 January 2018|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=22 Bisha Todobaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722125944/https://www.soompi.com/2006/03/20/jun-jihyun-vehicle-aims-straight-for-the-tear-ducts/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="daisy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cine21.com/news/view/?mag_id=35904|script-title=ko:다시 출발점에 선 여배우의 고백, <데이지>의 전지현|date=12 January 2006|website=Cine21|language=ko|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> === 2006–2010: Hollywood === [[File:JunJihyun2009.jpg|left|thumb|Jun, 2009]] Dabayaaqadii 2006, waxaa la shaaciyey in Jun ay markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqan doonto [[Hollywood]] iyadoo door hoggaamineed ka ah ''[[Blood: The Last Vampire]]''.<ref name="hollywood">{{cite web|title=Korean Stars Make Beeline for Hollywood|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/07/09/2009070901230.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=9 July 2009}}</ref> Soo-saarista caalamiga ah, ee lagu duubay Shiinaha iyo Arjantiina 2007.<ref name="paquet" /><ref name="blood">{{cite web|last=Garcia|first=Cathy Rose A.|title=Jun Ji-hyun Shines but Blood Disappoints|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/06/141_46305.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=5 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902083015/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/06/141_46305.html|archive-date=2 September 2012}}</ref> <ref name="hollywood" /> Intii lagu jiray duubista iyo dhiirrigelinta filimka kahor sii deynta 2009,<ref>{{cite web|title=Jun hypes vampire movie|url=http://mengnews.joins.com/view.aspx?aId=2905710|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|date=5 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Looks to Confound Critics in Vampire Film|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/05/16/2009051600172.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=18 May 2009}}</ref> waxay qaadatay magaca reer galbeedka ee Gianna Jun.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frater|first=Patrick|title=Korean star reborn in ''Blood'': Jun Ji-hyun changes name|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117965567|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=22 May 2007}}</ref> Filimka ''[[A Man Who was Superman]]'', Jun waxay jartay timaheeda dhaadheer si ay u ciyaarto soosaare dukumiinti cynical ah oo la kulmay geesinimo, Hawaiian-shaati-casri ah oo casri ah oo la dagaallamaya arxandarada magaalooyinka kuna wacdiyaya wanaagga gacan siinta.  Markii ugu horaysay waxaan dareemay cadaadis ku saabsan fursada aan kula shaqeynayo jilaaga la amaanay ee Hwang Jung-min, waxay tiri, "in kasta oo nasiibku u badan yahay inay ku lug leedahay, waxaan u maleynayaa inay tahay qadar in jilaa 'la kulmo' shaqo cusub. Maalintii ugu horeysay ee aan la kulmay, waxaan  Waxaan ogaaday inaan wax badan ka barto isaga, kaliya ma ahan jilitaankiisa, laakiin sidoo kale shaqsi ahaanba."<ref name="superman">{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Hyo-won|title=Jun, Hwang Become Super Heroes|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/03/141_16934.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=8 January 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025706/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2011/03/141_16934.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Sanadkii 2010, waxay la jileysey atariishada reer Shiinaha [[Li Bingbing]] filimka af Ingiriisiga ku baxa ee ''[[Snow Flower and Secret Fan]]''. Filimkan, oo lagu dhigay Shiinaha fog-qarnigii 19-aad, waxaa ku jira saaxiibtinimada nololeed ee u dhaxeysa laba haween ah, Lily iyo Snow Flower, iyo xariggooda oo ay ku soo rogeen xeerarka adag ee dhaqanka ee haweenka xilligaas.<ref name="snow">{{cite web|title=Jun Ji-hyun Cast in Snow Flower|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2011/04/178_58651.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=7 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035913/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2011/04/178_58651.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun to Star in Chinese Movie|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/02/05/2010020500625.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=5 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Narrates Hollywood Trailer|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/03/28/2011032801150.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=28 March 2011}}</ref> Waxaa sawir ka qaaday Annie Leibovitz bishii Luulyo ee daabacaadda Mareykanka ee ''[[Vogue]]'', oo ah haweeneydii ugu horreysay ee reer Kuuriya ee lagu daro majaladda moodada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun to feature in July Issue of Vogue|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/03/26/2011032600315.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=28 March 2011}}</ref> === 2012–hada === [[File:Jun_Ji-hyun_2012_BIFF_03_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Bandhigga Caalamiga ah ee Filimka Busan, 2012]] Waxay ka soo muuqatay ''[[The Thieves]]'' , oo ku saabsan tuugada ka socota Kuuriya iyo Shiinaha ee isu baheysta inay xadaan dheeman qiimahiisu yahay $ 30 milyan oo doolar, kaas oo lagu xiray qol gaar ah oo ku yaal casino ku yaal Macau.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Hye-ji|title=Jun Ji-hyun "The success of ''My Sassy Girl'' gave me both light and shadow"|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012071111280563907|access-date=18 November 2012|work=10Asia|date=11 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyeon satisfied with her role in new movie|url=http://view.koreaherald.com/kh/view.php?ud=20120723000928|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=23 July 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2 Bisha Tobnaad 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002053628/http://view.koreaherald.com/kh/view.php?ud=20120723000928|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Gets Back into Groove with ''The Thieves''|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/08/04/2012080400610.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=4 August 2012}}</ref> ''The Thieves'' ayaa noqotay Filimkii labaad ee ugu iibinta badnaa Kuuriya waqtiga oo dhan.<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Thieves'' Emerges as Most Popular Korean Movie|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/10/04/2012100400835.html|access-date=18 November 2012|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=4 October 2012}}</ref> Kadib waxay door ku yeelatay filimkii xiisaha badnaa ee basaasnimada ee 2013 ''[[The Berlin File]]''.<ref>[http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/news/news.jsp?mode=VIEW&seq=1675 "Gianna Jun to be in Ryoo's Berlin File"]. ''Korean Film Council''. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.</ref> 14 sano kadib ''[[Happy Together]]'' sanadkii 1999, Jun waxay si aad ah u rajeyneysay inay kusoo laabato telefishanka iyadoo la socota jacaylka ''[[My Love from the Star]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Back in ''My Sassy Girl'' Mode for TV Soap|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/12/21/2013122100354.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|access-date=8 January 2014|date=21 December 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|last=Bae|first=Ji-sook|title=Gianna Jun proves aging is good: Actress to return to small screen with Kim Soo-hyun on ''My Love from the Star''|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131217000753|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=8 January 2014|date=17 December 2013}}</ref> Jun wuxuu ciyaaraa doorka atariishada caanka ah ee maanta. Musalsalku wuxuu ahaa guul qiimeyn ah, oo kicisay isbeddellada moodada, qurxinta iyo makhaayadaha.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chung|first=Ah-young|title=''My Love'' sparks hallyu sensation|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2014/03/386_152567.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|access-date=4 March 2014|date=2 March 2014}}</ref> Jun wuxuu ku guuleystey ''Daesang'' (ama "Abaalmarin Weyn"), oo ah abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee telefishanka, Abaalmarinta Arts Baeksang ee 2014 iyo Abaalmarinta Abaalmarinta SBS ee 2014.<ref name="baeksang">{{cite web|last=Chung|first=Joo-won|title=Song Gang-ho, Jun Ji-hyun get top nods at Baeksang Awards|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140527001816|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=28 May 2014|date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="saf">{{cite web|last1=Chung|first1=Joo-won|title=Jun Ji-hyun beats Kim Soo-hyun in SAF|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150101000153|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=5 January 2015|date=1 January 2015}}</ref> waxay ku guuleysataa Abaalmarinta Madaxweynaha ee Abaalmarinta Dhaqanka iyo Farshaxanka ee Kuuriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2985965|title=The Cheon Song-yi phenomenon|date=7 March 2014|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|access-date=22 July 2018|archive-date=23 Bisha Todobaad 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723003927/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2985965|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="president">{{cite web|last1=Chung|first1=Joo-won|title=Jeon Ji-hyun to Receive President's Award|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/10/28/2015102800951.html|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=5 January 2015|date=1 January 2015}}</ref> Sannadkii 2015-kii, waxay ka soo muuqatay ''[[Assassination]]'', oo ah filim hawlo basaasnimo ah.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Won|first1=Ho-jung|title=''Assassination'' an ode to Korea's 1930s independence fighters|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150622001025|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=26 June 2015|date=22 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jeon Ji-hyun Shows off Tough Side in New Espionage Film|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/08/01/2015080100454.html|website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|access-date=5 August 2015|date=1 August 2015}}</ref> Filimku wuxuu ahaa guul kale oo Box-office-ka u gaadhay Jun; Dilku wuxuu ahaa filimka ugu lacagta badan Kuuriya ee sanadka soo xareeyay sidoo kalena wuxuu ahaa filimka toddobaad ee abid ugu abid abid abid abid filimka ugu badan soo xareeyo taariikhda shineemooyinka Kuuriya.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Hyo-won|title=South Korea Box Office: Local Action Movie ''Assassination'' On Top, Becomes Biggest Film of 2015|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/south-korea-box-office-local-815971|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=10 May 2016|date=18 August 2015}}</ref> Jun waxaa la gudoonsiiyey atirishada ugu wanaagsan xafladaha Grand Bell Awards iyo Max Movie Awards.<ref name="grand">{{cite web|title='Ode to My Father' Takes Ten Trophies at Grand Bell Awards|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/asia/ode-to-my-father-on-top-at-grand-bell-awards-1201645490/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=20 November 2015|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="max">{{cite web|title='베테랑', 관객이 뽑은 최고의 영화상..'4관왕' 싹쓸이[종합]|url=http://entertain.naver.com/ranking/read?oid=109&aid=0003267191|website=Osen|date=25 February 2016|access-date=22 January 2018}}</ref> Bishii [[Nofeembar]] 2016, Jun wuxuu ka soo muuqday riwaayaddii jacaylka ee ''[[Legend of the Blue Sea]].''<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Min-ho, Jun Ji-hyun to star together|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201605301506506377057_2|website=[[The Korea Herald]]|publisher=[[Maeil Business Newspaper]]|access-date=31 May 2016|date=30 May 2016}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 2020, Jun wuxuu sameeyay muuqaal gaaban xilli ciyaareedkii labaad ee Netflix’ ''[[Kingdom]]''.<ref name="kingdom">{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3070902|title=Jun Ji-hyun to appear in 'Kingdom'|date=30 November 2019|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|access-date=27 Bisha Afraad 2021|archive-date=7 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207005214/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3070902|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1414810wpp/jun-ji-hyun-shares-her-experience-filming-kingdom-what-her-upcoming-drama-is-about-and-more|title=Jun Ji Hyun Shares Her Experience Filming "Kingdom," What Her Upcoming Drama Is About, And More|work=Soompi|date=25 July 2020|access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2020, Jun waxaa loo xaqiijiyay inuu hoggaamiyo riwaayadda xiisaha badan ee tvN ''Cliffhanger'', oo uu qoray qoraaga boqortooyada Kim Eun-hee, oo ka soo horjeedka Ju Ji-hoon.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kim|first1=D.|title=Joo Ji Hoon Confirmed To Join Jun Ji Hyun In New Drama By "Kingdom" Writer|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1423590wpp/joo-ji-hoon-confirmed-to-join-jun-ji-hyun-in-new-drama-by-kingdom-writer|work=Soompi|date=September 4, 2020|access-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> Tixdu waa in la sii daayo sanadka 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title='지리산' 전지현X주지훈, 오늘 첫 촬영 시작… 2021년 편성 확정|url=https://www.chosun.com/entertainments/entertain_photo/2020/09/18/Y6KOUDVI4E6ODDGQTLY4H6KRAM/|website=The Chosun Ilbo|date=18 September 2020|access-date=October 15, 2020}}</ref> == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Sanadka !Cinwaanka !Doorka !Ref. |- |1999 |[[White Valentine|''White Valentine'']] |Jung-min | |- |2000 |[[Il Mare|''Il Mare'']](A Love Story) |Eun-joo | |- |2001 |[[My Sassy Girl|''My Sassy Girl'']] |The Girl | |- |2003 |[[The Uninvited|''The Uninvited'']] |Yeon | |- |2004 |''[[Windstruck]]'' |Yeo Kyung-jin | |- |2006 |''[[Daisy]]'' |Hye-young | |- |2008 |[[A Man Who Was Superman|''A Man Who Was Superman'']] |Song Soo-jung | |- |2009 |[[Blood: The Last Vampire|''Blood: The Last Vampire'']] |Saya Otonashi | |- |2011 |[[Snow Flower and the Secret Fan|''Snow Flower and the Secret Fan'']] |Sophia/Snow Flower | |- |2012 |[[The Thieves|''The Thieves'']] |Yenicall | |- |2013 |[[The Berlin File|''The Berlin File'']] |Ryun Jung-hee | |- |2015 |''[[Assassination]]'' |Ahn Ok-yun/Mitsuko | |} === Telefishanka === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Sanadka !Cinwaanka !Doorka !Kanaalka !Ref. |- |1998 |''Fascinate My Heart'' |Ka-yeong | rowspan="4" |[[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] | |- |1999 |''Happy Together'' |Seo Yoon-joo | |- |2013–2014 |[[My Love from the Star|''My Love from the Star'']] |Cheon Song-yi | |- |2016–2017 |[[Legend of the Blue Sea|''Legend of the Blue Sea'']] |Shim Chung/Se-hwa | |- |2020 |''[[Kingdom]]'' |Ashin (cameo) |[[Netflix]] | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Cliffhanger'' |Seo Yi-kang |[[TVN (Kuuriyada Koofureed)|tvN]] | |- |''Kingdom: Ashin of the North'' |Ashin |[[Netflix]] | |- |2021 |''[[Jirisan]]'' |Seo Yi-kang |tvN | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |} {| class="wikitable" |} == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya dadka]] [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Atariishayasha telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] <references /> aomqawclr8emr8igmpfr57w1ofnpmru 0 32515 298859 289103 2026-06-19T10:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sulli|image=Sulli for Marie Claire Korea, July 2019 07.png|birth_name=Choi Jin-ri<ref>{{Cite web | title = Fans cash in with celebrity products | work = [[The Korea Times]] | date=February 2, 2016 | access-date=April 12, 2016 | url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2016/02/201_197106.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322054357/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2016/02/201_197106.html | archive-date=March 22, 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://sh.piao.com.cn/view/images/shanghai/smt/querenhan.html | script-title=zh:SMTownLive' 2010年上海演唱会 艺人演出确认函 | publisher=sh.piao.com.cn (中國票務在綫) | language=zh | access-date=January 7, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824061116/http://sh.piao.com.cn/view/images/shanghai/smt/querenhan.html | archive-date=August 24, 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref>|birth_date={{Birth date|1994|03|29}}|birth_place=[[Busan]], Koonfur Kuuriya<ref>[http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120501000713 Behind the glamour: S.M. stars retrace their beginnings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208014648/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120501000713 |date=February 8, 2015 }} Koreaherald.com (May 1, 2012). Retrieved on January 28, 2015.</ref><ref name = "birthplace">{{cite web |script-title=ko:f(x)설리, 에프터스쿨 리지와 '절친인증샷' 공개 |url = http://www.mydaily.co.kr/new_yk/html/read.php?newsid=201009240902341119 |publisher = 마이데일리 |date = September 24, 2010 |access-date = May 16, 2015 |language = ko |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150616085552/http://www.mydaily.co.kr/new_yk/html/read.php?newsid=201009240902341119 |archive-date = June 16, 2015 |url-status = live }}</ref>|death_date=Oktoobar 13, 2019 ama<br>{{death date and age|2019|10|14|1994|3|29}}<ref name=13_or_14/>|death_place=[[Seongnam]], Koonfur Kuuriya|years active=2005–2019|module={{Infobox musical artist| embed=yes | genre = [[K-pop]] | instrument = Cod | years_active = 2009–2015 • 2018–2019 | label = [[SM Entertainment]] | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[f(x)]] }} | website = }}|image caption=Sulli ee ''[[Marie Claire|Marie Claire Korea]]'', 2019}} '''Choi Jin-ri''' (Maarso 29, 1994<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=etDZAwAAQBAJ K-Pop Now!: The Korean Music Revolution]</ref> – Oktoobar 13 ama 14, 2019<ref>http://192.168.8.1/html/index.html?url=www.joynews24.com{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://192.168.8.1/html/index.html?url=www.newdaily.co.kr{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>), oo si fiican loogu yaqaan magaceeda '''Sulli''', waxay ahayd [[Atoore|atariisho]] u dhalatay [[Koonfur Kuuriya]] iyo [[K-pop idol|fanaan]]. Sulli waxay markii ​​ugu horreysay u ciyaaray sidii atariisho cunug, iyadoo umuuqday xubin tageer ah oo ka tirsan [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] ee ''Ballad of Seodong'' (2005). Tan ka dib, waxay kasbatay dhowr door oo marti ah, oo ka soo muuqatay taxanaha telefishanka ''Love Needs a Miracle'' (2005) iyo ''Drama City'' (2007), iyo filimka ''Vacation'' (2006). Kadib waxay ka soo muuqatay filimada madaxbannaan ee ''Punch Lady'' (2007) iyo ''BA: BO'' (2008), tan horena waxay ahayd markii ugu horreysay oo ay ku matasho door layaableh. Ka dib markii uu heshiis rikoor ah la saxeexday [[SM Entertainment]], Sulli waxay ku soo caanbaxay xubin ka mid ah kooxda gabdhaha [[f(x)]] ee la sameeyay 2009. Kooxda ayaa gaadhay guul muhiim ah iyo mid ganacsi labadaba. Isla mar ahaantaana xirfaddeeda muusigga, Sulli waxay ku soo laabtay jilitaanka iyadoo matalaya taxanaha majaajilada SBS ee ''[[The Beautiful You]]'' (2012), waxqabadkeeda si wanaagsan ayaa loo helay. Xirfadda filimadda Sulli waxay ku sii korodhay iyada oo ay ku jileyso filimka ''The Pirates'' (2014) iyo ''Fashion King'' (2014). Intii lagu guda jiray booqashadii saxaafadda ee loogu talagalay Burcad-badeedda, Sulli waxay ka nasatay warshadaha madadaalada arrimo caafimaad awgood waxayna ku soo afjartay dhiirrigelinteedii f(x), waxay ka tagtay kooxdii 2015. Intii u dhaxeysay 2015 iyo 2017, waxay bilowday dhowr nooc olole ka hor intaanad noqon danjiraha astaanta adduunka ee [[Estée Lauder]]. Sulli waxay soo jiitay dareenkiisa doorka filimka ''[[Real]]'' (2017). Waxay markii dambe ku soo noqotay miyuusigga sanadkii 2018, iyadoo ka soo muuqanaysa heesta Dean "Dayfly" waxayna soo saartay heesteedii ugu horreysay ee keli ah "[[Goblin]]" bishii Juun 2019, oo ahayd mashruucii ugu dambeeyay ee muusig ka hor dhimashadeeda.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8484201/dean-sulli-rad-museum-dayfly</ref><ref>https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/311/0001005612</ref> Sulli waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay qof caan ka ah dhaqanka caanka ah ee Kuuriya sababtuna tahay qofnimadeeda hadal cad, iyadoo noqotay [[Google (fal)|qofka Google-ka ugu badan]] ee Koonfur Kuuriya 2017, ka hor Madaxweynaha [[Moon Jae-in]].<ref>https://www.ibtimes.sg/sulli-goblin-your-name-most-searched-google-korea-2017-21767</ref> == Shaqo == Markay Sulli ku jirtay fasalka afraad, waxay ka qaybgashay barnaamijka [[SM Entertainment]], oo ay ku luuqaynaysay S.E.S.  heesta cinwaankeedu yahay ''Chingu'' ("Saaxiib").{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} Hanti dhowrka kadib waxay si rasmi ah u noqotay S.M.  tababbaray isla sanadkaasna, waxay guuray qol jiif oo ay lajireen [[Taeyeon]] iyo [[Tiffany Young|Tiffany]] oo ka tirsan [[Girls' Generation]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2011/06/fxs-sulli-tears-up-while-talking-about-snsds-taeyeon-tiffany|title=f(x)'s Sulli tears up while talking about SNSD's Taeyeon, Tiffany|publisher=allkpop.com|date=June 28, 2011|access-date=March 31, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102213/http://www.allkpop.com/article/2011/06/fxs-sulli-tears-up-while-talking-about-snsds-taeyeon-tiffany|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=live}}{{unreliable source?|date=October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/06/fxs-sulli-tears-up-while-talking-about-snsds-taeyeon-tiffany|title=f(x)'s Sulli tears up while talking about SNSD's Taeyeon, Tiffany|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031175759/http://www.allkpop.com/2011/06/fxs-sulli-tears-up-while-talking-about-snsds-taeyeon-tiffany|archive-date=October 31, 2011|publisher=[[Allkpop]]|date=June 28, 2011|access-date=May 21, 2014}}{{unreliable source?|date=October 2019}}</ref> Sannadkii 2005, Sulli waxay bilawday inay si xirfadeysan u shaqeyso iyadoo 11 jir ah, markii loo doortay inay kaalin ka ciyaarto riwaayadii SBS ''Ballad of Seodong''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0013818884&code=61181111&cp=nv|script-title=ko:설리 죽음에 구혜선이 올린 인스타… '아기설리' 호칭한 까닭|publisher=국민일보|access-date=October 14, 2019|language=ko|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627131907/http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0013818884&code=61181111&cp=nv|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay sii waday inay qaadato doorka yar ee riwaayadaha telefishanka iyo filimada sida ''Vacation'' (2006), ''Punch Lady'' (2007), ''The Flower Girl is Here'' (2007) iyo ''BA:BO'' (2008).<ref name="earlyacting">[http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/37612/20130813/f-x-singer-sulli-becomes-a-pirate.htm f(x) Singer Sulli Becomes A Pirate] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/37612/20130813/f-x-singer-sulli-becomes-a-pirate.htm |date=20140605052711 }} Kpopstarz.com (August 13, 2013). Retrieved on June 1, 2014</ref> [[File:F(x)_in_Microsoft_Windows_7_Blogger_777_Party_from_acrofan.jpg|right|thumb|f(x) wax ka qabashada xafladda Microsoft Windows 7 Blogger 777]] Bishii Sebtember 5, 2009, waxay ka soo muuqatay xubin ka mid ah kooxda [[f(x)]], iyadoo heesta "La Cha Ta".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191014190923/https://metro.co.uk/2019/10/14/amber-liu-cancels-upcoming-activities-death-former-fx-bandmate-sulli-10914106/ Amber Liu cancels upcoming activities after death of former f(x) bandmate Sulli]</ref> Bishii Ogosto 2012, Sulli waxay jilay doorka hoggaamineed ee ''To the Beautiful You''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.maxmovie.com/movie_info/ent_news_view.asp?mi_id=MI0095970244|script-title=ko:`첫 주연` 설리 "오랜만에 연기..떨려요"|last=Park|first=Mi-ae|date=June 29, 2012|work=EDaily|access-date=October 26, 2019|publisher=Naver}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://joynews.inews24.com/php/news_view.php?g_menu=700210&g_serial=668225&rrf=nv|script-title=ko:설리 "'아름다운 그대에게'로 첫 주연, 즐겁고 설렌다"|last=Jang|first=Jin-ri|date=June 27, 2012|work=Joy News 24|access-date=October 26, 2019}}</ref> Tixraacyada riwaayaddu waxay bilaabeen inay idaacadda ka sii daayaan Ogosto 15, 2012. Sulli waxay ciyaartay Gu Jae-hee, oo isku ekaysiiya wiil ahaan si uu u dhigto isla iskuulka wiilka ay jeceshahay. Si loogu diyaariyo doorkeeda, Sulli oo caan ku ahaa timaheeda dhaadheer waxay iska jartay 60 cm.<ref>[http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/12315/fxs-sulli-cried-when-she-cut-her-hair Archived copy] Waxa laga kaydiyay [https://web.archive.org/web/20161222020819/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/12315/fxs-sulli-cried-when-she-cut-her-hair the original] December 22, 2016. Soo qaatay August 18, 2016 </ref> Waxay markii dambe ku guuleysatay Abaalmarinta Farshaxanistaha ee Abaalmarinta SBS.<ref name="award">[http://news.joins.com/article/10310139 {{Wayback|url=http://news.joins.com/article/10310139 |date=20160827172646 }} <nowiki>SBS연기대상]뉴스타상, 아이돌스타만 4명 수상</nowiki>]</ref> Sannadkii 2013, Sulli iyo [[Krystal Jung]] waxay noqdeen wejiyada cusub ee sumadda qurxinta, Etude House.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jung|first1=Jung-wook|script-title=ko:아웃도어부터 속옷까지… 패션·뷰티 '아이돌 천하'|url=http://www.sportsworldi.com/newsView/20130127022617|access-date=October 14, 2019|work=Sports World|date=January 27, 2013|language=ko|archive-date=December 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225122747/http://www.sportsworldi.com/newsView/20130127022617|url-status=live}}</ref> Intii lagu gudajiray xayeysiisyada ''Red Light'', bishii Luulyo 24, 2014, SM Entertainment ayaa ku dhawaaqday in Sulli ay go'aansaday inay ka nasto warshadaha madadaalada sababo la xiriira maskax ahaan iyo jir ahaanba ka daalay faallooyinka xun ee joogtada ah iyo xanta xiriirkeeda Choiza, taas oo ahayd  aan la xaqiijin waqtigaas, iyo warar been abuur ah oo ku saabsan inay uur leedahay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kim|first1=Min-jung|script-title=ko:설리 활동 중단, 최자 열애설부터 임신설-잠적설…악성루머 유포자 검거까지 "무슨일이?"|url=http://enter.etoday.co.kr/view/news_view.php?varAt|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Biz Center|date=July 25, 2014|language=ko|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627111154/http://enter.etoday.co.kr/view/news_view.php?varAt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|script-title=ko:설리 악플 그렇게 힘들었나.. "연예활동 잠정 중단" 최자 루머는 무엇|url=http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201407251133023857438_1|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Herald POP|date=July 25, 2014|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Hye-rin|script-title=ko:설리, 당분간 연예활동 쉰다.."악플-루머로 고통"|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1109912779|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Osen|date=July 25, 2014|language=ko}}</ref><ref name="kdramastars">{{cite web|last1=Jones|first1=Julie|title=HOME Celebs View Archives Rumors Force Sulli To Take A Break From Performing|url=http://www.kdramastars.com/articles/30369/20140725/rumors-force-sulli-to-take-a-break-from-performing.htm|website=Kdramastars|publisher=Kdramastars|access-date=February 3, 2015|date=July 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219024744/http://www.kdramastars.com/articles/30369/20140725/rumors-force-sulli-to-take-a-break-from-performing.htm|archive-date=February 19, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> iyada oo ka nasatay shaqada, kamay qayb galin kor u qaadista filimkii ''The Pirates'' oo ay weheliso Son Ye-jin iyo Kim Nam-gil,<ref name="earlyacting" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201408281014050510|script-title=ko:설리 '패션왕' 홍보 전면불참? "SM과 논의해야 돼"|last=Ha|first=Soo-jung|date=August 28, 2014|work=Newsen|access-date=October 19, 2019|archive-date=June 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627093651/https://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201408281014050510|url-status=live}}</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, isla sanadkaas, waxay dib u bilawday shaqadeeda jilista iyadoo ka qeyb gashay kor u qaadista filimkii majaajilada ee 2014 ee ''Fashion King'', halkaas oo ay door hoggaamineed kula qaadatay Joo Won iyo Kim Sung-oh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://star.mbn.co.kr/view.php?no=1376505&year=2014|script-title=ko:설리, '패션왕으로 컴백!' [MBN포토]|date=October 31, 2014|work=MBN|access-date=October 19, 2019|archive-date=June 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629110434/https://star.mbn.co.kr/view.php?no=1376505&year=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Ogos 2015, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Sulli uu si rasmi ah kooxda uga fasaxay.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/08/386_184442.html|title=Sulli no longer f(x) member|publisher=[[The Korea Times]]|date=August 9, 2015|access-date=August 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811222619/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/08/386_184442.html|archive-date=August 11, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Real_cast.jpg|right|thumb|Sulli oo ay weheliyaan jilayaasha ''Real'']] Sannadkii 2017, Sulli waxay jilay door hoggaamineed oo ku jiray filimkii ''[[Real]]'' ee [[Kim Soo-hyun]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201512291740066373360_2|title=Sulli to star in movie with Kim Soo-hyun|access-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819140437/http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201512291740066373360_2|archive-date=August 19, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Sulli waxaa lagu soo qaatay hal heesihii Dean ee "Dayfly", oo la sii daayay 9-kii Nofeembar, 2018.<ref name="billboard1" /> Sannadkii 2019, Sulli waxay ku biiray barnaamijka JTBC2 ''[[The Night of Hate Comments]]'', kaas oo ka hadlay falcelinta dadka caanka ah ee ku aaddan faallooyinka nacaybka, wararka xanafta leh iyo xoogsheegashada ay kala kulmeen khadka tooska ah.<ref name="first">{{cite web|last=Kim|first=Kyeong-young|script-title=ko:#관종 #노브라 #마약…'악플의 밤' 설리 향한 오해와 진심→응원 ing|url=https://www.ytn.co.kr/_sn/1406_201906221548019643|date=June 22, 2019|work=[[YTN]]|language=ko|access-date=June 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624080743/https://www.ytn.co.kr/_sn/1406_201906221548019643|archive-date=June 24, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="first" /><ref name="kimmel">{{cite web|last=Kang|first=Hae-ryun|title=How a K-pop star's death reveals the truth about our society|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/10/15/how-k-pop-stars-death-reveals-truth-about-our-society/|date=October 16, 2019|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=October 16, 2019|archive-date=October 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016020838/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/10/15/how-k-pop-stars-death-reveals-truth-about-our-society/|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay ku raacday nin faallo bixiya oo sheegay in guusheeda ugu weyni ay tahay joogitaankeeda bulsheed iyo inay tahay qof fiiro gaar ah u baahan. Waxay ku raacsaneyd nin faallo bixiya oo sheegay inay u egtahay "daroogo" ardeydeeda waaweyn ee weyn, iyadoo sheegtay inaysan sameyn wax sharci darro ah, laakiin ay baratay dhaqanka daroogada intii ay ku jirtay filimkeedii ''Real''.<ref name="first" /> Waxayna beenisay inay bilaa geesinimo doonayso inay fiiro gaar ah u yeelato, iyadoo sheegtay inay iyada u tahay raaxo badan, iyo sidoo kale "mid dabiici ah oo ka qurux badan", waxayna u aragtaa in rajabeetadu ay tahay qalab ay mararka qaarkood xirato.<ref name="first" /><ref name="newsweek">{{cite web|last=Tufayel|first=Ahmed|title=K-POP SINGER SULLI, WHO SPOKE OUT AGAINST CYBERBULLIES, DEAD AT 25|url=https://www.newsweek.com/sulli-k-pop-singer-dead-choi-jin-ri-sm-entertainment-1464962|date=October 14, 2019|work=[[Newsweek]]|access-date=October 14, 2019|archive-date=October 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020182500/https://www.newsweek.com/sulli-k-pop-singer-dead-choi-jin-ri-sm-entertainment-1464962|url-status=live}}</ref> Waxay tiri, "Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in dadku i soo eegaan oo ay ka fikiraan, 'Hagaag, qof sidan oo kale ah ayaa jira!'. Aqbal farqiga".<ref name="first" /><ref name="kimmel" /> Intii ay ka hadlaysay faallooyinkii xumaa ee ay heshay, waxay sheegtay inay billowday inay dacwado hal jeer, laakiin faallooyinka, arday dhigta kulleej caan ah, ayaa soo diray warqad dheer oo raaligelin ah, iyaduna way cafisay.  Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxay sheegtay in aysan sidan oo kale sameyn doonin markale.<ref name="first" /> Bishii Oktoobar 14, 2019, jilayaasha iyo soo-saareyaashu waxay duubeen dhacdo kale, jadwalka Isniinta, iyaga oo aan ka warqabin geerida Sulli, oo la soo sheegay xilli dambe oo maalinta ah .<ref name="newsweek" /> Sulli ayaa la tuuray xilli ciyaareedkii labaad ee taxanaha [[Netflix]] ee ''Persona''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/08/31/2019083100345.html|title=Sulli to Appear in Netflix Series|date=August 31, 2019|website=The Chosun Ilbo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901150620/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2019/08/31/2019083100345.html|archive-date=September 1, 2019|access-date=September 1, 2019}}</ref> Oktoobar 23, 2019, Mystic Story waxay shaaca ka qaaday inay go'aansadeen inay si ku meel gaar ah u joojiyaan wax soo saarka,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111246483|script-title=ko:故설리 주연 '페르소나2' 제작 중단..제작사 측 "확인중"[공식]|last=Kim|first=Bo-ra|date=October 23, 2019|website=OSEN|access-date=October 24, 2019|archive-date=October 24, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024091825/http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1111246483|url-status=live}}</ref> maadaama Sulli uu dhexda kaga jiray duubista qeybta labaad shantii qaybood ee qorsheysnaa ee taxanaha markii ay dhimatay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=2019102318374097117|script-title=ko:'페르소나2' 공식입장 "故 설리 촬영분 공개 여부 미정"|last=Jang|first=Hye-jin|date=October 23, 2019|website=Busan Ilbo|access-date=October 23, 2019}}</ref> == Muuqaalka dadweynaha == [[File:Sulli at Longchamp Boutique Opening Event on December 21, 2018 (3).png|thumb|Sulli ee Diseembar 21, 2018]] {{quote box|quote=Markii ugu horreysay ee aan sawiradayda soo dhigo bilaa rajabeeto, waxaa jiray fal-celinno badan oo kala duwan. Waan baqi karayay oo dhuumanayay, laakiin ma aanan sameyn. Waxaan rabay in eexashada dadka la waayo.|source=— Sulli qaybtii ugu horreysay ee ''The Night of Hate Comments'' ee 2019<ref name="first"/><ref name="kimmel"/>|align=left|width=17%|bgcolor=#CCDDFF|salign=right}}Ka dib markii ay ka baxday f(x), Sulli waxay heshay feejignaan saxaafadeed oo cusbooneysiisay shaqsiyaddeeda aan caadiga ahayn ee soo dhoweynta dadweynaha.<ref name="critic5"><bdi>[https://news.nate.com/view/20190409n24759?mid=n1008 <nowiki>"잊을만 하면" 설리 탈아이돌 행보, 캐스팅은 가능할까[이슈와치]"</nowiki>].</bdi></ref> Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha warbaahinta waxay ugu yeereen "eccentric" iyo "fikir hore",<ref><bdi>[https://news.nate.com/view/20170108n03151?mid=n1008 "웃으라고? 글쎄다"…설리, SNS 기행 네버엔딩"].</bdi></ref><ref>[https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/286028/20170726/sulli-hara-uee-ga-in-share-this-horrible-thing-in-common.htm "Sulli, Hara, Uee & Ga In Share This Horrible Thing In Common"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/286028/20170726/sulli-hara-uee-ga-in-share-this-horrible-thing-in-common.htm |date=20180523082125 }}. ''Kpop Starz''.</ref><ref name="carefree">[https://channel-korea.com/sulli-instagram-feeds/ "Let's check out Sulli's Instagram feed!"] {{Wayback|url=https://channel-korea.com/sulli-instagram-feeds/ |date=20191019051623 }}. ''Channel Korea''.</ref><ref name="carefree2">[https://channels.vlive.tv/C7A6F1/vtoday/1.10755332 "Sulli proves herself a free spirit with unbuttoned-pant style"] {{Wayback|url=https://channels.vlive.tv/C7A6F1/vtoday/1.10755332 |date=20191019051628 }}. ''OSEN''.</ref> halka warbaahinta muxaafidka ah ay u arkeen iyada "mid aan munaasib ahayn" iyo "caqli xumo".<ref name="critic1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190214000035/http://en.businesstimes.cn/articles/106713/20190117/sulli-shares-thoughts-about-controversial-photos-upset-about-people-stereotyping-her.htm "Sulli Shares Thoughts About Controversial Photos: Upset About People Stereotyping Her"]. ''Business Times''.</ref><ref name="critic2">[http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201608071745554367070_2 "f(x)'s Sulli bra-less again?"]. [[The Korea Herald|''The Korea Herald'']].</ref> Tiro warbaahin ah ayaa u aaneeyay dib u dhaca Sulli xaqiiqda ah in muuqaalkeeda guud aan si taxaddar leh loo dhisin sida in badan oo ka mid ah asaaggeeda ay ku ahaayeen sanamyada sanamku ay ahaayeen,<ref name="idol life">Elfving-Hwang, Joanna. "K-pop Idols, Artificial Beauty and Affective Fan Relationships in South Korea." in ''Routledge Handbook of Celebrity Studies'', edited by Anthony Elliott. London: Routledge, 2018.</ref> waxayna si toos ah uga horyimid rajooyinka bulshada ee haweenka dhaqanka Kuuriya.<ref name="critic2" /><ref name="critic3">[https://seoulbeats.com/2017/05/is-sulli-a-symbol-of-sexual-liberation-or-internalized-oppression/ "Is Sulli a Symbol of Sexual Liberation or Internalized Oppression?"] {{Wayback|url=https://seoulbeats.com/2017/05/is-sulli-a-symbol-of-sexual-liberation-or-internalized-oppression/ |date=20191018052455 }}. ''Seoulbeats''.</ref><ref name="critic4">[https://www.pri.org/stories/2016-04-25/k-pop-s-gross-double-standard-women "K-pop's gross double standard for women"]. ''pri.org''.</ref><ref name="critic6">[http://en.koreaportal.com/articles/45970/20180711/sulli-shares-another-series-of-sexy-snaps-fans-call-former-f-x-member-real-feminist.htm "Sulli Shares Another Series Of Sexy Snaps; Fans Call Former f(x) Member 'Real Feminist' "]. ''Korea Portal''.</ref> ''Associated Press'' ayaa Sulli ku tilmaamtay qof "caan ku ahaa codkeeda dhedignimada iyo aftahanimada oo naadir ku ahayd dumarka madadaalada ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo si qoto dheer muxaafid u ah."<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/0cb3cc85bef146a082ef5e43e0411253 "South Korean pop star Sulli found dead at her home"]. ''Associated Press''.</ref><ref name="CBS">[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sulli-died-former-fx-member-korean-pop-star-found-dead-today-her-home-cause-of-death-not-released-2019-10-14/ "Sulli, South Korean pop star, found dead at her home at age 25"]. ''CBS News''.</ref> Bishii Ogosto 14, 2018, Sulli waxay muujiyey taageerada [[Dumarka raaxada|Maalinta Dumarka raaxada]], oo ah maalin xusuus qaran ah oo lagu sharfayo dhibbanayaasha addoonsiga galmada intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ee Ciidanka Imbaraadoonka Jabaan.<ref name="comfort women">{{cite web|url=https://news.nate.com/view/20180814n04058?mid=n1008|script-title=ko:[★해시태그] 설리, 위안부 피해자 기림의 날 알렸다…의미있는 행보|trans-title=|last=Park|first=So-hyun|date=|work=Xsports News|publisher=[[Nate]]|access-date=}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, Sulli waxay ku dhawaaqday inay u doodeeysay [[Rajabeeto la'aan|dhaqdhaqaaqa rajabeetada]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-50041130|title=K-pop star Sulli found dead aged 25|date=October 14, 2019|work=BBC|access-date=October 14, 2019|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015053750/https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-50041130|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="scandal">{{cite news|url=https://www.asiaone.com/entertainment/k-pop-star-sulli-accidentally-exposes-breast-during-live-streaming-social-media|title=K-pop star Sulli accidentally exposes breast during live-stream|date=October 3, 2019|work=Asia One|access-date=October 14, 2019|archive-date=October 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014122833/https://www.asiaone.com/entertainment/k-pop-star-sulli-accidentally-exposes-breast-during-live-streaming-social-media|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="first2" /> Sulli, nolosheeda dhabta ah, waxay ka hadashay cagajuglaynta internetka, taas oo shakhsi ahaan u saamaysay iyada oo inta badan ahayd bartilmaameedka xadgudubka internetka ee sawirkeeda dadweynaha.<ref name="CBS2">{{cite web|title=Sulli, South Korean pop star, found dead at her home at age 25|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sulli-died-former-fx-member-korean-pop-star-found-dead-today-her-home-cause-of-death-not-released-2019-10-14/|date=October 14, 2019|work=[[CBS News]]|access-date=October 15, 2019|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015145642/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sulli-died-former-fx-member-korean-pop-star-found-dead-today-her-home-cause-of-death-not-released-2019-10-14/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newsweek2" /> Waxay muujisay rajada ay ka qabto in dadku ay aqbalaan kala duwanaanshiyaha midba midka kale, waxayna tidhi, "Waxaa jira dad badan oo kala duwan oo dalkan ku nool oo leh karti aad u badan, waxaanan dareemayaa inay ku luminayaan iyaga oo tamartooda gelinaya si ay u dhaleeceeyaan kuwa kale ee noocan oo kale ah internetka."<ref name="newsweek2" /> == Nolosha shaqsiga ah == Doonista inay noqoto atariisho, Sulli waxay dhigatay Iskuulka Hoose ee Jungbu ka hor inta aysan u guurin Seoul kaligeed 2004, halka fasalka afaraad, si ay uga qeyb gasho laanta Seoul ee MTM Academy, oo ah iskuul tiyaatar waqti-dhiman ah halkaas oo ay ku baratay heesaha, qoob-ka-ciyaarka, iyo ku simaha.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Horay waxaa uga qortay dugsi kale oo jilitaanka hooyadeed iyadoo yar.<ref>[http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2009112415252102532 "MY NAME... f(x) - Part 2"]. asiae.co.kr.</ref> Kahor kulankeedii ugu horreeyay ee atariishada cunugga ka dib markii ay u saxiixday SM Entertainment, magaceeda dhalashada Choi Jin-ri;  oo macnaheedu yahay "runta" oo Kuuriyaan ah, waxaa loo beddelay masraxa masraxa Sulli oo ay soo jeedisay weriye dareemay in magaceeda dhalasho uu yahay "mid aad u masiixi ah" iyo in dadka diimaha kale aan jeclayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=117&aid=0003238501|script-title=ko:'악플의밤' 설리 "예명 '설리', 아역시절 기자가 강제로 지어준 이름"|date=|website=[[Naver]]|language=ko|trans-title=On "Night of Hate Comments", Sulli Talks About Her Stage Name that a Reporter Forced on Her During Her Childhood|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="stage name1"><bdi>[https://news.nate.com/view/20181016n18773?mid=n1008 '진리상점' 설리 "원치 않은 활동명, 처음엔 정말 싫었다"]</bdi>. Newsen. ''Nate''. </ref> Hal wareysi, waxay ku fasirtay magaceeda masraxa inay ka dhigan tahay "ubax pear baraf ah".<ref name="stage name">[http://functionlove.net/2013/08/19/trans-130818-fsulli-ceci-korea-september-issue-interview/ "f(Sulli) Ceci Korea September Issue – Interview"]. functionlove.net. </ref><ref><bdi>[https://news.nate.com/view/20181016n18773?mid=n1008 '진리상점' 설리 "원치 않은 활동명, 처음엔 정말 싫었다"].</bdi></ref> Intii u dhaxeysay Sebtember 2013 iyo Maarso 2017, Sulli wuxuu xiriir la lahaa xubinta Dynamic Duo Choiza,<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ko:SM-아메바컬쳐, 설리-최자 열애 공식 인정 "발전하고 있는 단계"|url=http://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201408200100208100013287&servicedate=20140819|access-date=|work=Sports Chosun|date=|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|script-title=ko:설리-최자 열애 공식 인정…소속사 "발전하고 있는 단계"|url=http://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201408200100209870013373&servicedate=20140819|access-date=|work=Sports Chosun|date=|language=ko}}</ref><ref><bdi>[https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0106_201703062202554924 설리-최자, 2년 7개월 만에 결별].</bdi></ref> inta lagu gudajiray labada qof ee caanka ah waxay heleen faallooyin xaasidnimo ah iyo xoogsheegasho intaba xiriirkoodii guud.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Hye-rin|script-title=ko:"설리, 너 용서할 수 없다" 안티로 돌변한 팬들 무섭다|url=http://news.kukinews.com/news/article.html?no=219765|access-date=|work=Kuki News|date=|language=ko}}</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.vogue.co.kr/2019/10/16/%EC%B5%9C%EC%9E%90-%EC%98%9B-%EC%97%B0%EC%9D%B8-%EC%84%A4%EB%A6%AC-%EC%B6%94%EB%AA%A8/ 최자, 옛 연인 설리 추모]</bdi>. ''Vogue'' (Kuuriya)''.''</ref> Bishii Oktoobar 2018, Sulli waxay shaaca ka qaaday inay la halgamaysay cilad argagax iyo cuqdad bulsho tan iyo markii ay yarayd.<ref>[https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/people-events/article/2169149/k-pop-star-sulli-reveals-her-struggles-panic-disorder "K-pop star Sulli reveals her struggles with panic disorder: 'Nobody understood me, which made me fall apart' "]. ''Korea Times''. South China Morning Post.</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/k-pop-singer-found-dead-in-suspected-suicide-highlighting-mental-health-pressures/2019/10/14/1e69a8de-ee67-11e9-bb7e-d2026ee0c199_story.html "K-pop singer Sulli found dead in suspected suicide, highlighting mental health pressures"]. ''Washington Post''.</ref> Dhimashadeeda ka hor, Sulli wuxuu la il darnaa diiqad daran.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/oct/14/sulli-k-pop-star-former-fx-member-found-dead-aged-25 "Sulli, K-pop star and actor, found dead aged 25"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> == Dhimasho iyo saameyn == [[File:Sulli_Oct_16-4_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Taageerayaasha albaabka hoolka xusuusta, Isbitaalka Severance, Oktoobar 16, 2019]] Warar si qarsoodi ah u soo saaray shaqaale ka tirsan xarunta gurmadka degdegga ah ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in Oktoobar 14, 2019,<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ko:경기소방, '설리 사망' 내부문건 유출 대국민 사과..."엄중 문책"|url=http://news.bbsi.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=956754|access-date=|work=BBS News|date=|language=ko}}</ref><ref><bdi>[http://news.jtbc.joins.com/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB11896557 온라인에 퍼진 '설리 사망' 보고서…유출자는 '공무원']</bdi>. ''JTBC News''.</ref> ugu yaraan 3:20 pm  KST, Sulli waxaa meydkeeda helay maamuleheeda ka dib markii ay isku daldashay dabaqa labaad ee gurigeeda oo ku yaal Seongnam, koonfurta Seoul.<ref name="cause of death" /><ref name="death">[http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20191014000871 "Singer and actor Sulli found dead"]. ''Korea Herald''.</ref><ref><bdi>[https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=076&aid=0003481064 14일 숨진 채 발견 "평소 우울증"…경찰 "극단적 선택 추정"]</bdi>.</ref><ref><bdi>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191017041724/https://joongang.joins.com/23603387.html#home <nowiki>[속보] 경찰 "설리, 성남 자택서 사망…매니저가 발견"</nowiki>]</bdi>. ''JoongAng''.</ref> Maamulaha ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu booqday guriga markii uu awoodi waayey inuu helo, ka dib markii uu Sulli kula hadlay taleefanka maalintii hore 6:30 pm. KST.<ref><bdi>[http://www.donga.com/news/article/all/20191014/97870041/2 <nowiki>[속보] 경찰 "설리 성남 자택서 숨진 채 발견…매니저가 신고"</nowiki>]</bdi>. ''DongA''.</ref><ref>[https://variety.com/2019/music/asia/sulli-k-pop-star-dies-dead-at-25-fx-1203369403/ "Korean Pop Star Sulli Dies at 25"].</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20191014_0000798478&pID=14000 설리 숨진 채 발견…유서 발견 안 돼(종합)]</bdi>. ''Newsis''.</ref> Booliisku waxay sheegeen inay baarayaan inay tahay ismiidaamin maadaama aysan jirin calaamado muujinaya ciyaar xumaan ama jabitaan.<ref><bdi>[https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201910142116015755?did=NA&dtype=&dtypecode=&prnewsid= 설리, 노트에 심경 변화 글… 경찰 "극단적 선택에 무게"]</bdi>. ''Hankook Ilbo''.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=4302129&ref=A <nowiki>[속보] 가수 겸 배우 설리 숨진 채 발견…"극단적 선택 추정"</nowiki>]</bdi>. ''KBS News''.</ref> Waxay ka heleen xusuus qor xusuus-qor ah oo ay ku sharraxday dareenkeeda, laakiin waxay ku soo gabagabeysay inaysan ahayn qoraal is-miidaamin ah.<ref>[http://news.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=0013819872&code=61121211&cp=nv 설리 자택 안에서 발견된 자필 메모…심경 변화 담긴 긴 글]. ''Kukmin Ilbo''.</ref> Bishii Oktoobar 15, booliisku wuxuu xareeyay meydka si loo xaqiijiyo sababta dhimashada<ref><bdi>[http://www.newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20191015_0000798879&pID=14000 경찰, 설리 사인 밝히기 위해 부검영장 신청]</bdi>. ''Newsis''.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.sisa-news.com/news/article.html?no=121287 설리 부검 영장신청 "유가족 동의하에 진행…사인 밝혀야"]</bdi>. Sisa News.</ref> oo ay sameysay subaxdii xigtay, iyada oo ku soo gabagabaysay in jirkeedu uusan ka muuqan wax calaamado dhimasho ah oo ay ugu wacan tahay awood dibadeed, waxayna u badan tahay ismiidaamin dhacday habeenki Oktoobar 13 ama subaxdii Oktoobar 14.<ref><bdi>[https://www.mk.co.kr/star/hot-issues/view/2019/10/839593/ <nowiki>설리 부검결과, 경찰 "타살 혐의 無...극단적 선택 소견" [종합]</nowiki>]</bdi>. Star Today.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Choi|first1=Jae-sung|script-title=ko:그냥 그대로 가게 놔두지 설리 부검, 얼마나 황망하고 안 믿어졌으니...|url=http://www.upkorea.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=648525|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Up Korea|date=October 16, 2019|language=ko|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228062531/http://www.upkorea.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=648525|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="13_or_14">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2019/10/15/2019101500198.html|script-title=ko:설리 '자동심장충격'에도 요지부동… 발견 때 이미 '사후강직'|last=Jo|first=Kwang-hyung|date=October 16, 2019|work=New Daily|access-date=October 18, 2019}}</ref> Aaska ayaa markii hore laga xiray warbaahinta iyo waliba taageerayaasha waxaana si gaar ah u qabtay xubnaha qoyska iyo asxaabta.<ref><bdi>[https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20191015500001&wlog_tag3=naver SM엔터테인먼트 "설리 모든 장례 절차 비공개로 진행"]</bdi>. Seoul Newspaper.</ref><ref>[http://www.upkorea.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=648525 <bdi>그냥 그대로 가게 놔두지 설리 부검, 얼마나 황망하고 안 믿어졌으니...</bdi>.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.upkorea.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=648525 |date=20210228062531 }} Up Korea.</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, SM Entertainment waxay ka furtay goob gooni ah hoolka aaska ee Isbitaalka Severance ee Sinchon-dong, Seoul Oktoobar 15 iyo 16 taageerayaasha doonaya inay bixiyaan maamuus.<ref><bdi>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20191015118600005?input=1195m 설리 유족, 팬 조문 받기로…내일까지 신촌 세브란스]</bdi>. Yonhap News.</ref><ref><bdi>[https://www.edaily.co.kr/news/read?newsId=02984806622653248&mediaCodeNo=257&OutLnkChk=Y SM 측 "팬들 위한 故설리 조문 장소 마련.. 유가족 뜻"]</bdi>. EDaily.</ref> Dad badan oo caan ah iyo shirkado, sida kuwii hore ee ay wada koox jireen [[Krystal Jung|Krystal]], Victoria Song, Amber Liu iyo [[Luna]],<ref><bdi>[https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/201910172181H {{Wayback|url=https://www.hankyung.com/life/article/201910172181H |date=20191210170415 }} <nowiki>[단독] 크리스탈, 3일 내내 설리 빈소 지켰다 … "왜 추모글 안 올려?" 악플 그만</nowiki>]</bdi>. Hankyung Kyungjae.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Ho-yeon|script-title=ko:f(x) 빅토리아, 故설리 비보에 中 드라마 촬영 중단→韓 입국|url=http://star.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201910161766063271?did=NA&dtype=&dtypecode=&prnewsid=|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Hankook Ilbo|date=October 16, 2019|language=ko}}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref><bdi>[http://daily.hankooki.com/lpage/entv/201910/dh20191016181902139020.htm 빅토리아, 한국 입국…'설리 사망' 비보에 中 드라마 촬영 중단]</bdi>. Daily Hankook.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Deok-haeng|script-title=ko:故 설리, 1차부검 "범죄혐의점 無"→에프엑스 멤버 일정 중단·최자 추모 [종합]|url=http://www.xportsnews.com/?ac=article_view&entry_id=1183458|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Xports News|date=October 16, 2019|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Jung|first1=So-young|script-title=ko:루나, 설리 때문일까…이번 주말 뮤지컬 공연 취소|url=https://news.nate.com/view/20191015n33404?mid=n1008|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Money S|date=October 16, 2019|language=ko}}</ref> heesaa iyo saaxiib [[IU]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Yoo-jin|script-title=ko:아이유 공개중단, 故 설리 추모 "양해 부탁드린다"|url=http://www.hg-times.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=208966|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Hangang Times|date=October 16, 2019|language=ko}}</ref> Dynamic Duo,<ref><bdi>[http://sports.donga.com/3/all/20191016/97911103/1 <nowiki>[전문] 다이나믹 듀오 측 "스케줄 불참·앨범 발매 연기"…故 설리 애도</nowiki>]</bdi>. Sports Donga.</ref> iyo hordhaca filimka ''Gift'',<ref><bdi>[http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2019101618203896139 '선물' 측, 17일 특별상영회 취소..故설리 애도]</bdi>. Star News.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hwang|first1=Hye-jin|script-title=ko:신하균·수호 주연 '선물' 내일(17일) 간담회 취소→공개 연기 "故설리 애도"|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201910161825070410|access-date=October 16, 2019|work=Newsen|date=October 16, 2019|language=ko}}</ref> baajiyay waxqabadkoodii si ay ugu barooraan Sulli. Bishii Oktoobar 17, ka dib aas aas afar maalmood ah oo gaar loo leeyahay iyo xaflad baroor ah oo ka dhacday isbitaalka Seoul, Sulli waxaa lagu aasay meel aan la shaacin.<ref>[http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2019/10/398_277281.html "Fans, friends bid final farewell to K-pop star Sulli"]. The Korea Times.</ref> Geerida Sulli ayaa waxaa laxiriiriyay warbaahin kaladuwan oo laxiriira murugada kadhaxeysa internetka.<ref><bdi>[http://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=4303118&ref=A 죽음으로 내몬 악성댓글…'설리 사망' 애도]</bdi>. KBS News</ref><ref><bdi>[https://www.wikitree.co.kr/main/news_view.php?id=472090 설리가 악플러들 때문에 괴로워했다는 명백한 증거가 제시됐다]</bdi>. Wikitree.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.joongboo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=363367073 <nowiki>[사설] 여전한 악성 댓글 폐해, 손 볼 때 됐다</nowiki>]</bdi>. Joongboo Ilbo.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.segye.com/newsView/20191015513873?OutUrl=naver <nowiki>[사설] 악성 댓글 폐해의 심각성 일깨운 설리의 죽음</nowiki>]</bdi>. Segye Ilbo.</ref> Dhimashadeedii kadib, waxaa la muujiyey in Sulli uu si isdaba joog ah u weydiistey wakaaladeeda, SM Entertainment, in ay qaado talaabooyin adag oo ka dhan ah faallooyinka xun xun iyo ku xadgudubka internetka.<ref><bdi>[http://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=2019101516142959202 <nowiki>[단독] "설리, SM에 '악성 댓글 대응' 지속적으로 요구했었다"</nowiki>]</bdi>. Busan Ilbo.</ref> Wadar ahaan toddobo codsi ayaa lagu dhajiyay websaydhka xafiiska madaxweynaha Kuuriyada Koonfureed iyagoo dalbanaya ciqaab adag oo ku saabsan xoog sheegashada internetka iyo xoojinta adeegsiga nidaamka magaca dhabta ah markii la qorayo faallooyinka iyo xisaab-abuurka.<ref><bdi>[https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0106_201910151903521418 설리 추모 물결...'악성 댓글' 처벌 청원 봇물]</bdi>. YTN.</ref><ref><bdi>[https://hugs.fnnews.com/article/201910151421524432 "설리 죽음 몰아간 악플러들, 강력 처벌 원한다" 靑청원]</bdi>. fn News.</ref><ref><bdi>[https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0103_201910151400068542 설리 사망에 '악플러 처벌'·'인터넷 실명제' 요구 청원 이어져]</bdi>. YTN.</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer, wareeg siyaasadeed ayaa ka wada hadlay siyaabo kala duwan oo looga hortagi karo musiibadan oo kale inay mar kale dhacdo. Ficil ka hoos imanaya cinwaanka la soo jeediyey ee "Xeerka Sulli" ayaa lagu xusay xisaab-xidhka guud ee Komishanka Isgaadhsiinta Kuuriya 21-kii Oktoobar, halkaas oo Park Dae-chool oo ka tirsan Xisbiga Liberty Korea Party ay sheegtay inuu qorayo soo-jeedin sharci-dejin ah oo lagu soo saarayo sharci cusub oo lagu kordhinayo  mas'uuliyadda faallooyinka adoo soo bandhigaya nidaamka magaca dhabta ah ee internetka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.jtbc.joins.com/article/article.aspx?news_id=NB11899206|script-title=ko:[Talk쏘는 정치] 국감서도 거론…'설리법' 통과될까|last=Kang|first=Ji-young|date=October 22, 2019|work=JTBC|access-date=October 22, 2019|language=ko}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, Oktoobar 25, Park Seon-sook waxay soo jeedisay wax ka beddel qayb ahaan ah Xeerka Dhiirrigelinta Macluumaadka iyo Adeegsiga Isku-xirka Isgaarsiinta iyo Ilaalinta Macluumaadka, kaas oo ku soo rogaya waajibaadka saaran bixiyayaasha macluumaadka iyo adeegga isgaarsiinta inay tirtiraan faallooyinka nacaybka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inews24.com/view/1217470|script-title=ko:인터넷 악성댓글 포털삭제 의무부과…'설리법' 발의|last=Kim|first=Moon-ki|date=October 25, 2019|work=In News 24|access-date=October 25, 2019}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, wax ka beddelka waxaa ka mid ahaa in lagu calaamadeeyo faallooyinka xunxun inay yihiin macluumaad sharci-darro ah, lana siiyo qof kasta oo arka faallooyin xun, oo aan ahayn kan la neceb yahay, oo awood u leh inuu codsado tirtirkiisa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ajunews.com/view/20191025162549445|script-title=ko:박선숙 의원도 ‘설리법’ 발의... 악성 댓글도 불법정보 포함, 누구나 삭제 요청 가능|last=Jung|first=Myung-seop|date=October 25, 2019|work=Aju News|access-date=October 25, 2019|archive-date=October 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025114923/https://www.ajunews.com/view/20191025162549445|url-status=live}}</ref> Isla maalintaas, Park Dae-chool waxay sidoo kale soo jeedisay wax ka beddel lagu sameeyo Xeerka Dhiirrigelinta Macluumaadka iyo Adeegsiga Isku-xirka Isgaarsiinta iyo Ilaalinta Macluumaadka kaas oo u oggolaan doona shaacinta magacyada buuxa ee dadka ku qoraya faallooyinka magacyada isticmaalayaasha iyo xoojinta la xisaabtanka faallooyinka khadka tooska ah ee internetka iyadoo la siinayo IP-yada.<ref><bdi>[http://www.fntoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=207593 "혐오표현 지우고 댓글 작성자 IP 공개하라"…국회, 잇단 '설리법' 발의]</bdi>. FN Today.</ref> Bishii Oktoobar 25, 2019, Kakao wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inay si ku-meel-gaar ah u curyaaminayaan faallooyinka ku saabsan wararka madadaalada si looga hortago faallooyinka nacaybka iyo ka saarista ereyada raadinta ee la xidhiidha markay raadinayaan magacyada dadka muddo sannad ah.<ref><bdi>[https://www.insight.co.kr/news/252268 카카오, 연예인 악플 방지하기 위해 연예 뉴스에 댓글 폐지]</bdi>. Insight.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.businesspost.co.kr/BP?command=article_view&num=148472 카카오 포털 '다음'에서 연예기사 댓글 폐지, 여민수 "부작용 인정"]</bdi>. Business Post.</ref> Dhimashadeedii kadib, taageerayaashu waxay bilaabeen inay baaraan "Waan Ku Jeclahay Sulli" (설리 사랑해) si ay u qariyaan natiijooyinka raadinta xun.<ref><bdi>[http://www.ggilbo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=712423 '설리 사랑해' 실시간 검색어 올라...하늘에서 편안하길 바라는 네티즌 마음 모여]</bdi>. Geungang Ilbo.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.greened.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=218210 세상 등진 뒤 알게된 진심 '설리 사랑해' 애통…경찰, 부검 의뢰]</bdi>. Green Ed.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.gukjenews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1185140 '설리 사랑해' 애도 多, 매니저가 언급한 성격…"사려 깊고 생각이 많은 아이"]</bdi>. Gukje News.</ref><ref><bdi>[http://www.sporbiz.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=383264 ‘설리 사랑해’ 팬들의 슬픈 외침…네티즌 “너무 늦었다, 편히 잘 쉬길”]</bdi>. Korean Sports Weekly.</ref> Heesta [[IU]] "Peach", oo laga qoray Sulli, waxay dib u gashay jaantusyada muusikada.<ref><bdi>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200105230259/http://star.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201910150968349188?did=NA&dtype=&dtypecode=&prnewsid= 설리 생각나는 노래…아이유 '복숭아', 음원 차트 역주행]</bdi>. Hankook Ilbo.</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50051575?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world/asia&link_location=live-reporting-story "Sulli: The woman who rebelled against the K-pop world"]. [[BBC]].</ref> [[Goo Hara]], oo ahaa Sulli saaxiibkiis dhow, wuxuu ku dhintey is-dil bil ka dib dhimashadii Sulli.<ref name=":02">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50535937 K-Pop artist Goo Hara found dead at home aged 28] – BBC</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/24/goo-hara-k-pop-singer-found-dead-aged-28 "K-pop singer Goo Hara found dead aged 28"]. The Guardian.</ref> == Dhaxalka == Warshadaha K-pop halkaas oo fannaaniintu ay aad uga ilaalinayeen sumcadda hoose ee noloshooda gaarka ah, Sulli waxa ay caan ku ahayd shakhsiyaddeeda hadal cad arrimo badan oo bulshada la xidhiidha.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/sulli-legacy-memorial-outspoken-kpop-star-8532906/ Sulli Was an Outspoken K-Pop Star in an Industry That Would’ve Preferred She Stayed Quiet].</ref><ref>[https://wonderpinays.com/sulli-legacy-cyberbullying/ Sulli Dead: Leaves Fans a Legacy from K-Pop Songs to Films] {{Wayback|url=https://wonderpinays.com/sulli-legacy-cyberbullying/ |date=20220127202919 }}.</ref> Sulli waxa kale oo ay si furan ugu doodday xuquuqda haweenka iyo xorriyadda taas oo naadir ku ah haweenka heesa ee Koonfur Kuuriya.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50051575.amp Sulli: The woman who rebelled against the K-pop world].</ref><ref>[https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/news-trends/article/3032937/how-sulli-smashed-k-pops-clean-cut-facade-speaking-out How Sulli smashed K-pop’s clean-cut facade – by speaking out about mental well-being and championing feminist rights]. ''[[South China Morning Post]]''. </ref><ref>[https://www.koreaboo.com/news/koreans-recognizing-sulli-representation-true-feminism/ Koreans Are Recognizing Sulli As The Representation Of True Feminism].</ref><ref>[https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1WV1L3 K-pop singer decries cyber bullying after death of 'activist' star Sulli].</ref><ref>[https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/11/04/sullis-death-sparks-soul-searching-on-misogynistic-culture-journalism-ethics.html Sulli’s death sparks soul-searching on misogynistic culture, journalism ethics].</ref> Dhimashada Sulli waxay sidoo kale iftiiminaysaa wacyiga [[Caafimaadka maskaxda|caafimaadka dhimirka]] iyo [[cagajuglaynta internetka]] ee bulshada Koonfur Kuuriya.<ref>[https://www.scmp.com/better-life/well-being/article/3029800/sulli-was-rare-ambassador-mental-health-issues-k-pop-stars "Sulli was a rare ambassador for mental health in Asia"].</ref><ref>[https://relate.com.my/sulli-mental-health/amp/ Sulli and mental health awareness in the K-pop industry].</ref><ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/10/16/770614282/sudden-death-of-a-young-k-pop-star-spurs-talk-of-action-on-mental-health-bullyin Sudden Death Of A Young K-Pop Star Spurs Talk Of Action On Mental Health, Bullying].</ref><ref>[https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/sullis-death-starts-a-discussion-about-the-importance-of-mental-health.html/ Sulli's Death Starts a Discussion About the Importance of Mental Health] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/sullis-death-starts-a-discussion-about-the-importance-of-mental-health.html/ |date=20220810014846 }}.</ref> Luuliyo 2020, waxaa la sheegay in [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] uu soo saari doono filim dokumentari ah ''[[Why Was Sulli Uncomfortable?]]'' oo ku saabsan nolosha Sulli.<ref>[https://www.allkpop.com/article/2020/07/mbc-to-produce-a-documentary-recalling-the-life-of-the-late-sulli MBC to produce a documentary recalling the life of the late Sulli].</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Dhibbanayaasha internetka]] [[Category:Ismiidaamin Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Atariishayasha telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya dadka]] [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop]] fr1e8a4wpsru1q9n7zw3dcre5nxeqyv 0 32696 298823 243499 2026-06-19T05:18:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song|name=Icy|length={{duration|m=3|s=11}}|next_year=2020|next_title=[[Wannabe]]|prev_year=2019|prev_title=[[Dalla Dalla]]|producer=|writer=[[Park Jin-young|J.Y. Park]]<br>[[Penomeco]]|label={{hlist|[[JYP Entertainment|JYP]]}}|genre={{hlist|[[K-pop]]}}|type=[[Hees|song]]|recorded=2019|released={{start date|2019|07|28|mf=y}}|artist=[[Itzy]]|alt=|EP=[[It'z Icy]]|caption=|cover=File:Itzy Icy - logo.png|misc=}}"'''Icy'''" waa hees ay qaadaan kooxda gabdhaha Kuuriyada Koonfureed [[Itzy]] oo ka soo jeeda EP-koodii ugu horreeyay, oo cinwaan looga dhigay ''[[It'z Icy]]''.  Waxaa sii daayay JYP Entertainment July 28, 2019.<ref>[https://music.apple.com/tw/album/itz-icy-ep/1473678000 "IT'z ICY – EP by ITZY"] {{Wayback|url=https://music.apple.com/tw/album/itz-icy-ep/1473678000 |date=20190729092810 }}. iTunes Store</ref><ref>[https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/215/0000792754 "ITZY, 유닛 티저 2종 공개…블링블링 비주얼로 컴백 예열"]. Naver</ref> == Qaab dhismeedka == "Icy" waxaa qoray J. Y. Park iyo Penomeco.<ref>https://m.music.naver.com/track/index.nhn?trackId=27991807</ref> Waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay tahay "hees xagaaga oo kulul oo firfircoon oo dhiirrigelisa xiisaha quintet ee ku saabsan muusikada."<ref>[http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201907301001142093893_2 "ITZY cools down summer heat with 'Icy'"]. [[The Korea Herald|''The Korea Herald'']].</ref><ref>[http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3066056 "ITZY to drop 'IT'z ICY' EP today"] {{Wayback|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3066056 |date=20190728211640 }}. [[Korea JoongAng Daily|''Korea JoongAng Daily'']].</ref> Itzy ayaa sidoo kale ku tilmaamay heesta inay tahay kordhinta rikoorkii ugu horeeyay ee kooxda, "[[Dalla Dalla]]," iyagoo la wadaagaya macno isku mid ah laakiin leh hawo xafladeysan oo kacsan.<ref>[https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190729006300315 "Girl band ITZY drops 1st EP, bringing together star producers"]. [[Yonhap News Agency|''Yonhap News Agency'']].</ref><ref>[https://news.nate.com/view/20190729n23847?mid=n1008 "'컴백' ITZY "계속 바라던 박진영 자작곡으로 첫 활동, 너무 영광""]. ''news.nate.com''. </ref> == Faallooyinka halista ah == ''Pop Crush'' waxaa ka mid ahaa "Icy" heesahoodii ugu wanaagsanaa ee liiska 2019, isagoo qoraya in "ay tahay hees u baahan in laga dhawaajiyo aragti ahaan, laakiin taa beddelkeeda si siman loogu dheelitirayo codad xoog leh, oo abuuraya dariiq qoob-ka-ciyaarka firfircoon oo awood u siinaya dhagaystayaasha inay kalsooni yeeshaan oo ay aaminaan naftooda."<ref>[https://popcrush.com/best-songs-2019/ "25 BEST SONGS OF 2019"]. ''Pop Crush''. Pop Crush Network.</ref> == Fiidiyowga muusikada == Fiidiyowga muusigga ayaa la sii daayay saqbadhkii isla maalintaas waxaana lagu soo ururiyey 18.1 milyan oo aragtiyo ah 24 saacadood gudahood.<ref>[https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/215/0000806690 "'2019 최고 신인' ITZY, '독보적 존재감' 알린 'ICY' 활동 마무리"]. ''Naver''.</ref> Fiidiyowga muusigga ayaa lagu soo rogay lambarka 7-aad ee 2019 Muusikada Fiidiyowga Ugu Caansan YouTube Ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed, heesta labaad ee kooxdu soo gasho liiska, iyadoo "Dalla Dalla" ay ku jirto kaalinta labaad.<ref>[https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/001/0011260130 "올해 국내 유튜브 뮤직비디오 1위는 BTS '작은 것들을 위한 시'"] {{Wayback|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/001/0011260130 |date=20191206055618 }}. ''Naver''.</ref> Laga bilaabo Nofeembar 2020, waxay leedahay in ka badan 180 milyan oo muuqaal ah iyo 2,6 milyan oo jecel.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zndvqTc4P9I "ITZY "ICY" M/V"]. JYP Entertainment. [[Youtube|YoutTube]]</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Heesaha Itzy]] b3n5serlpfg0h03obu5o5eh9071kgbq 0 32733 298829 270010 2026-06-19T06:08:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name=Jeong Da-bin |birth_name=Jeong Hye-sun |native_name=정다빈 |native_name_lang=Ko |birth_date={{birth date|1980|3|4|mf=y}} |birth_place=Seongnam, Gobolka Gyeonggi, Koonfur Kuuriya |death_date={{death date and age|2007|2|10|1980|3|4|mf=y}} |death_place=[[Seoul]], Koonfur Kuuriya |years active=2000–2007 }} '''Jeong Da-bin''' (Maarso 4, 1980 - Febraayo 10, 2007) waxay ahayd atariisho u Koonfur Kuuriya. Waxay caan ku ahayd taxanaha telefishanka caanka ah ''Cats on the Roof'', waxay ku dhimatay ismiidaaminta 2007 da'da 26. == Niyadjabka iyo dhimasho soo socota == 10-kii Febraayo, 2007, Jeong waxaa laga helay iyada oo la sudhan yahay tuwaal lagu maydho musqusha guriga saaxiibkeed oo ku yaal Samseong-dong, Degmada Gangnam, koonfurta Seoul.<ref>Kim, Pil-gyu; Chun, Su-jin (12 Febraayo 2007). [http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2872331 "Actress found hanged, apparently a suicide"] {{Wayback|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2872331 |date=20170925181132 }}. [[Korea JoongAng Daily]]. Lahelay 14 Juun 2021.</ref><ref>[http://english.cri.cn/3086/2007/02/11/60@195146.htm "South Korean Actress Jeong Da-bin Commits Suicide"] {{Wayback|url=http://english.cri.cn/3086/2007/02/11/60@195146.htm |date=20160304051239 }}. CRI English. Lahelay 14 Juun 2021.</ref> Saaxiibkeed oo magaciisa lagu sheegay Lee, ayaa sheegay inuu Jeong dib ugu celiyey gurigiisa maxaa yeelay waxay sakhraansan tahay.<ref>[http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_entertainment/189800.html "Actress Jeong Da-bin found dead in suspected suicide"]. The Hankyoreh.</ref> Lee, oo meydka soo ogaatay 7:50 subaxnimo oo wacday booliska, wuxuu sheegay atariishada in dhawaalaba ay ka [[Niyadjabka|niyad jabtay]] shaqo la’aaneed iyo weerarada xaasidnimada ah ee internetka ee ku saabsan muuqaalkeeda jir.<ref>http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/02/13/2007021361015.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2895629 |access-date=2021-06-14 |archive-date=2014-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219125551/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2895629 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200812240007 |access-date=2021-06-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054053/http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200812240007 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Lee waxa kale oo ay sheegtay in Jeong ay markii ugu horeysay isku dayday in ay is disho iyada oo ka jartay curcurka bishii Sebtember / Oktoobar 2006, taas oo wakaaladeeda hibada ay ku murmeen, iyada oo sheegtay in nabarkeeda curcurka ay ka timid shil markii ay ku jirtay dugsiga sare<ref name=":0">http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/02/12/2007021261015.html</ref>. Tuhunka ciyaar xumida, qoyskeeda iyo hay'addeeda waxay codsadeen baaritaan, dhimashadiina waxay ku soo gabagabowday inay is dishay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2872381 |access-date=2021-06-14 |archive-date=2014-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219185238/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2872381 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In kasta oo aysan jirin ogeysiis is-miidaamin ah oo ka dambeeya, Jeong waxay fikradeheeda ku soo bandhigtay barteeda gaarka ah ee Cyworld maalin ka hor inta aysan is dilin.  Cinwaanka hoostiisa "Dhammaadka" (ama "Dhameystiran"), ayay ku qortay:<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/world/asia/23korea.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all</ref> {{Quote|Wax walba waa sidaas u adag. Waan xanaaqaa sabab la'aan waxaanan dareemayaa inaan waalanayo. Xanuun badan ayaa i haya oo waxaan dareemayaa inaan badda ku dhacayo. Madaxaygu aad buu ii xanuunayaa oo waxaan bilaabayaa inaan jeexo. Waxaan addoon u noqday xanaaqayga. Waxaan moodayay inaan naftayda luminayo, oo aan aqoonsigayga luminayo. Dabadeed, sidii danab ku dhacay, dhammaantood way wada aamuseen. Sayidku wuxuu iigu yimid jacayl. Wuxuu iga dhigay inaan ogaado muhiimadeyda wuxuuna i siiyay geesinimo. Waxaan ku sigtay inaan burburo, wuuna kor ii qaaday, isagoo leh waa hagaagaysaa. HAA, WAAN FIICNAAN DOONAA.}} Waa la gubay, meydkeedana waxaa la dhigay Cheonga Park oo ku taal Ilsan, Gobolka Gyeonggi.  Geerida Jeong, oo ahayd waxyar uun ka dib [[U;Nee]] ee isdilay bishii Janaayo 2007, waxay mowjado naxdin leh u dirtay Kuuriya oo dhan waxayna dhalisay walaac ku saabsan isdilida nuqullada.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20070213000026 |access-date=2021-06-14 |archive-date=2015-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120174115/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20070213000026 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/01/09/2013010901227.html</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Ismiidaamin Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Atariishayasha telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] 9plyf7hkb4fbv98h9dbdzze8k2lktum 0 32741 298813 267383 2026-06-19T02:57:17Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song|name=Dalla Dalla|genre=[[K-pop]]|next_year=2019|next_title=[[Icy]]|producer=|writer=Galactika<br>Athena|label=[[JYP Entertainment|JYP]]|length={{duration|m=3|s=19}}|recorded=2018–19|type=single|released={{start date|2019|02|12|mf=y}}|album=[[It'z Different]]|artist=[[Itzy]]|B-side=Want It?|alt=|caption=|cover=Itzy Dalla Dalla - logo.png|misc=}}"'''Dalla Dalla'''" waa heestii ugu horreysay ee ay kooxda gabdhaha ee [[Itzy]], oo ay sii deysay [[JYP Entertainment]] Febraayo 10, [[2019]].<ref name=":0">Herman, Tamar (Febraayo 11, 2019). [https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8497728/itzy-dalla-dalla-video "JYP Entertainment's New Girl Group ITZY Debuts With 'Dalla Dalla': Watch"]. [[Billboard|''Billboard'']]. Laga soo aruuriyay asalka bishii Maarso 29, 2019. Dib loo soo celiyey Juun 18, 2019.</ref> Waxaa la sii daayay iyada oo ay weheliso fiidiyowgeeda muusikada, iyo albumka [[It'z Different|''It'z Different'']], oo ay ku qoran tahay hees kale oo cinwaankeedu yahay "Want It?".<ref>[https://music.apple.com/us/album/dalla-dalla/1451909811?i=1451909812 "IT'z Different – Single by ITZY"] {{Wayback|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dalla-dalla/1451909811?i=1451909812 |date=20190726035751 }}. ''iTunes Store''.</ref> Waxaa qoray Galactika, kan wuxuu ku saabsan yahay is jeclaanta iyo kalsoonida. == Qaab dhismeedka == {{Listen|filename=Itzy_-_Dalla_Dalla.ogg|format=[[Ogg]]|title="Dalla Dalla"|description=Muunad 20-ilbiriqsi ah "Dalla Dalla", ayaa muujineysa ereyada heesta oo ku saabsan is-jacaylka}} "Dalla Dalla" waxaa qoray kooxda wax soo saarka muusikada ee Galactika (별들의 전쟁).<ref>[https://m.music.naver.com/track/index.nhn?trackId=25534507 "Dalla Dalla (달라달라)"]. Naver Music.</ref><ref>[https://musicstax.com/track/-dalla-dalla/0GU5GuJQQEnnREO2FxnVPT "Key, BPM of Dalla Dalla By Itzy"] {{Wayback|url=https://musicstax.com/track/-dalla-dalla/0GU5GuJQQEnnREO2FxnVPT |date=20210515145502 }}. Musicstax.</ref><ref>[http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3059298 "JYP newbies ITZY shine with stunning debut: Girl group is all about making fans develop crushes on them"] {{Wayback|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3059298 |date=20190213020100 }}. [[Korea JoongAng Daily]].</ref> "Dalla" (달라) waxaa loola jeedaa "kala duwanaansho" af Kuuriyaan ah, ereyo ay ka mid yihiin: "Waan ka duwan ahay carruurta kale / Ha, isku dayin inaad igu cabirto halbeeggaaga / Waan jeclahay naftayda, xoogaa waan ka duwanahay, haa / waan kaa duwanaha.<ref>[http://m.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201902121835303012025_2 "ITZY setting out to become 'unprecedented' super-rookie"]. [[The Korea Herald]].</ref> == Soo dhaweyn == IZM give the song 3 stars out of 5.<ref>[http://izm.co.kr/contentRead.asp?idx=29508&bigcateidx=8&subcateidx=10&view_tp=1 "Dalla Dalla Review"] {{Wayback|url=http://izm.co.kr/contentRead.asp?idx=29508&bigcateidx=8&subcateidx=10&view_tp=1 |date=20210506180856 }}. IZM.</ref> Tamar Herman oo ka tirsan ''[[Billboard]]'' ayaa wadada ugu magac dartay "heesta awoodsiinta, soo bandhigida ITZY koox ahaan taas bedelkeeda dhigooda," iyo sidoo kale "feisty iyo deg deg u bedelka dabeecadaha iyo dabeecadaha," taasoo muujineysa "burburka hip-hop" guud ahaan.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>[https://kotaku.com/k-pop-pick-of-the-day-dalla-dalla-1832580261 "K-Pop Pick Of The Day: DALLA DALLA"]. [[Kotaku]].</ref> Lee Jeong-ho ayaa ku tilmaamay wadada "fusion" ee" mudnaanta noocyada kala duwan sida EDM, guriga, hip hop iyo wixii la mid ah."<ref>[http://star.mt.co.kr/stview.php?no=2019021208135655352 "ITZY, 오늘(12일) 데뷔..데뷔곡 MV 공개 하루 만에 1000만뷰 돌파"]. Star News. </ref> == Tixraacyo == <references /> [[Category:Heesaha Itzy]] t959lo89yycy1y22650oajzs4lh0qv8 0 32751 298816 296891 2026-06-19T03:44:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Door County, Wisconsin |official_name = |settlement_type = County |nickname = |image_skyline = DoorCountyWisconsinCourthouse.jpg |imagesize = 234px |image_caption = Xarunta Dowladda ee Door County ee ku taal Sturgeon Bay |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Map_of_Wisconsin_highlighting_Door_County.svg |mapsize = 234px |map_caption = Door County ee Wisconsin |image_map1 = Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg |mapsize1 = 234px |map_caption1 = Wisconsin ee Mareykanka |pushpin_map = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates_display = |coordinates_region = |subdivision_type = |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |established_date = 1851 <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = 2370 |area_land_sq_mi = 482 |area_water_sq_mi = 1888 |area_water_percent = 80 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = |population_est = 2019 |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_footnotes = |population_total = 27785 |population_rank = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_demonym = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = Area code 920 |timezone = [[Wakhti|CST]] |utc_offset = −06:00 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = −05:00 |latd= |latm= |lat |longd= |longm= |long |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = [http://www.co.door.wi.gov Bogga rasmiga ah ee dowladda] |footnotes = }} '''Door County''' waa degmada ugu fog bariga gobolka Wisconsin ee [[Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika|Mareykanka]] . Laga soo bilaabo tirakoobkii 2010, tirada dadka ku nool gobolka waxay ahaayeen 27,785.<ref name="QF">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606145801/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/55029.html State & County QuickFacts], ''United States Census Bureau''</ref> Kursiga degmadu waa Sturgeon Bay, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah saddexda [[degmo]] ee Wisconsin ee harada Lake Michigan inaysan yeelan kursi degmo oo isku magac ah. <ref name="GR6">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx Find a County], ''National Association of Counties''</ref> Taabadalkeed waxaa loogu magac daray marinka cidhiidhka ah ee u dhexeeya Jasiiradda Door peninsula iyo jasiirada Washington. Marinka halista ah, ee loo yaqaan Albaabka Dhimashada, waxaa ku jira maraakiib burburay wuxuuna caan ku ahaa dadkii [[Hindida Cas|asalka maraykanka ahaa]] iyo sahamiyayaashii hore ee Faransiiska Gobolka waxaa la sameeyay 1851 waxaana la abaabulay 1861. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200214002752/https://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/WI_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm Wisconsin Atlas of Historical County Boundaries], ''The Newberry Library''</ref> Degmada Door waa meel caan ah oo loo dalxiis tago. == Taariikhda == === Dhaladka Mareykanka iyo Faransiiska === ==== Halyeeygii Porte des Morts ==== Magaca Door County wuxuu ka yimid Porte des Morts oo macnaheedu yahay ("Albaabka Geerida"), waana marinka udhaxeeya jasiirada Door Peninsula iyo jasiirada Washington Island. <ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States], waxaa qoray Henry Gannett, 1905, U.S. Government Printing Office</ref> Magaca "Albaabka Dhimashada" wuxuu ka yimid sheekooyinka dadkii asalka Mareykanka ahaa, oo ay maqleen sahamiyayaashii hore ee Faransiiska waxaana loo daabacay qaab aad loo qurxiyay oo uu daabacay Hjalmar Holand, kaasoo ku tilmaamay duulaan fashilmay oo ay soo qaadeen qabiilka Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) si ay uga qabsadaan Jasiiradda Washington island qabiilka la tartamaya ee Pottawatomi. horaantii 1600. Waxay la xiriirtay markabkii ku burburay marinka dhexdiisa . <ref>Kohl, Cris & Joan Forsberg, ''Shipwrecks at Death's Door'', bogga 10.</ref> === Deegaamayn iyo horumar === ==== Deegaamayntii qarnigii 19aad-20aad ==== [[File:The_Pioneer_Cemetery_at_Peninsula_State_Park..jpg|thumb|Qabrigii Increase Claflin iyo qoyskiisi.]] Qarniyadii 19aad iyo 20aad waxay arkeen socdaalka iyo deegamaysigii hormoodka, badmareenada, kalluumeysatada, dhir jarista, iyo beeraleyda. Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee deeganka daga ee caddaanna wuxuu ahaa Increase Claflin. <ref>''[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wch/id/33982 History of Door County Wisconsin, The County Beautiful]'' waxaa qoray Hjalmar Holand, Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1917, bogga 77.</ref> Sannadkii 1851, Degmada Door waxaa laga soocay wixii ka jiray Brown County. <ref name="2030 plan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> 1853, Moravians waxay aasaaseen Efrayim inay yihiin beel diimeed ka dib markii Nils Otto Tank uu is hortaagay isku daygii iyo dib u habeynta lahaanshaha dhulka ee gumeysigii hore ee diimeedka ee u dhowaa Green Bay. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lxCLAFUu2RoC&pg=PA21 Inventory of the Church Archives of Wisconsin: Moravian Church], waxaa qoray Historical Records Survey, Division of Women's and Professional Projects, Works Progress Administration, 1938, bogga 21 iyo [http://history.rays-place.com/wi/door-ephraim.htm History of Ephraim, Door County, Wisconsin]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Hjalmar R. Holand, 1917</ref> Bulshada Mareykan-Madowga ah iyo jameekaan ku cibaadeysanaya West Harbor oo ku taal Jasiiradda Washington ayaa lagu sheegay 1854. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070202071808/http://www.bleidoorcountytimes.com/blogpage.asp?blogPageId=4 On Islands, Lighthouses, & The Keeper of the Light on Pilot Island: Martin Nicolai Knudsen; "A Gleam Across the Wave"], ''Norman Blei Door County Times'', Diisambar 20, 2006 (archived from the original)''</ref> Sidoo kale sanadkii 1854 xafiiskii boosto ee ugu horreeyay gobolka ayaa laga furay, Jasiiradda Washington. <ref>''[https://dokumen.pub/going-for-the-mail-a-history-of-door-county-post-offices-0964149931.html Going For The Mail: A History Of Door County Post Offices]'' waxaa qoray James B. Hale, Brown County Historical Society: Green Bay, WI. 1996. Full text on dokumen.pub</ref> Sanadkii 1855, afar qof oo Irish ah ayaa si kama 'ah uga tagtay doontii ay saaraayeen, taasoo horseeday dejinta iyo deegamaynta meesha hadda loo yaqaan Forestville. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054804/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Forestville%20Comp%20Plan%202009.pdf Village of Forestville Comprehensive Plan], Sebtember 11th, 2009, bogagga 14–16 ee dukumintiga</ref> Qarnigii 19aad, soogalooti baaxad weyn oo ka socda Walloons-ka [[Beljim|Beljamka]] ayaa soo degay gobol yar oo ku yaal qaybta koonfureed ee gobolka,<ref name="Soucek 2011">[https://books.google.com/books?id=dPl-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT11 Door County Tales: Shipwrecks, Cherries and Goats on the Roof] waxaa qoray G. Soucek, 2011</ref> oo ay ku jirto aagga loo qoondeeyey inay tahay Degmada Taariikheed ee Namur. Waxay dhiseen votive chapels, qaarkoodna ilaa maanta la isticmaalo, <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/small-sacred-spaces-preserved/ Southern Door County's Belgian Wayside Chapels] waxaa qoray ''Door County Living'', May 1, 2009, [https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/worship/belgian-chapels/ Where to Find Belgian Chapels in Door County] {{Wayback|url=https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/worship/belgian-chapels/ |date=20210624200700 }}, ''Door County Visitor Bureau'' iyo [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?msa=0&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=44.7283540095412%2C-87.50432131385733&spn=0.341371%2C0.583649&z=10&source=embed&mid=12Ose-DUL7MCyf8vnE4rKSBZspG0 Wisconsin Belgian Roadside Chapels] in Google Maps</ref> waxayna dhaqammo kale ka keeneen Yurub sida xafladda iida harvest festival ee Kermiss. <ref>Holand, Hjalmar Rued, Wisconsin's Belgian community: an account of the early events in the Belgian settlement in northeastern Wisconsin with particular reference to the Belgians in Door County, [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/USAIN/BelgComm/reference/wi.belgcomm.i0013.pdf Chapter VII Belgian Characteristics and Customs], bogga 82 ff, 1933. See also the [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.BelgComm Table of Contents] for the entire book.</ref> Markii la meel mariyay Homestead Act of 1862 (Sharciga Guryaha ee 1862), dadku waxay iibsan karayeen 80 hektar oo dhul ah $18 oo keliya haddii ay degaan dhulka, hagaajiyaan, oo ay beeraha beertaan muddo shan sano ah. Tani waxay ka dhigtay degitaanka degmada Door mid la awoodi karo. Markii [[Dab|dabkii]] Peshtigo ee 1871 uu gubay magaalada Williamsonville, lixdan qof ayaa ku dhintay. Aagga ay masiibadani hadda ka dhacday waa Tornado Memorial County Park, oo loogu magac daray dab-damiskii kaas oo halkaas ka dhacay. <ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/transactions/WT1990/reference/wi.wt1990.jmmoran.pdf Tornadoes of Fire at Williamsonville, Wisconsin, Oktoobar 8, 1871] waxaa qoray Joseph M. Moran iyo E. Lee Somerville, 1990, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 31 bogagga</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/fire-took-williamsonville/ The Fire That Took Williamsonville], waxaa qoray Justin Skiba, ''Door County Living'' Sebtember 2, 2016 </ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055040/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/Tornado.pdf Tornado Memorial Park] kiosk historical notes, also see [http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf bogga 19] {{Wayback|url=http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf |date=20210624200537 }} ee County C Park and Ride lot panel draft pdf</ref> Isku soo wada duuboo, 128 qof oo ka tirsan gobolka ayaa ku halaagmay oo ku nafwaayey dabkii Peshtigo. <ref name="2030 plan2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> Dabkii iyo masiibadii ka dib, qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ayaa go'aansaday inay isticmaalaan leben halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen alwaax. <ref>[https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&context=etd Brick by Brick: A Comparative pXRF Analysis of Brickworks and Structures in the Belgian-American Community ee Door Peninsula] waxaa qoray Lisa Marie Zimmerman, unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 2013 iyo [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89065971202&view=1up&seq=169 Old World Wisconsin: around Europe in the Badger State] waxaa qoray Fred L. Holmes. E. M. Hale and Company, 1944, bogga 163 (169 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1885 ama 1886, waxaa laga aasaasay waxa hadda loo yaqaan Saldhigga Ilaalada Xeebaha ee Sturgeon Bay. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055046/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Transportation_Profile_DRAFT.pdf II. Transportation Profile Draft], waxaa qoray the Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 Transportation Advisory Workgroup, bogga 5 ee pdf</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080925200639/http://uscg.mil/history/stations/STURGEONBAYCANAL.pdf Station Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wisconsin], ''United States Coast Guard History Program'', United States Coast Guard</ref> Saldhigga yar ee xilliyada-qaar furan ee Jasiiradda Washington isna waxaa la aasaasay 1902. <ref name="WashingtonIsland">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025025700/http://www.uscg.mil/d9/sectlakemichigan/STAWashingtonIslandUO.pdf USCG Station Washington Island], United States Coast Guard</ref> Markii muddada deegaamayntu socotey, Dhaladka Mareykanka waxay ahayeen dad laga tiro badanyahay oo ku nool jasiirada Door County . Tirakoobkii sanadkii 1890-kii wuxuu sheegay 22 Hindi ah oo ku nool Degmada jasiirada Door. Iyagu way is taageereen, waxay ku xirnaayeen canshuur, mana helin raashin. <ref>[https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v10-30.pdf Total Indian Population as of Juun 1, 1890] ''Bureau of the Census'', bogga 1 ee pdf.</ref> Markii la gaadhay tirakoobkii sanadkii 1910-kii tiradoodu waxay hoos ugu dhacday ilaa sagaal qof. <ref>Table 7. Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, For Counties and For Cities of 25,000 or More: 1920, 1920, and 1900. [https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/06229686v44-49ch5.pdf Fourteenth Census of the United States: State Compendium: Wisconsin] ''Bureau of the Census'', 1925, bogga 33 (bogga 35 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1894-kii ayaa Ahnapee iyo Western Railway lagu soo kordhiyay Sturgeon Bay. Sannadkii 1969-kii, tareen ayaa woqooyiga Algoma kasoo gali jiray gobolka markii ugu dambaysay, <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-ahnapee-western-railway/ The Rise and Fall of the Ahnapee & Western Railway] waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr. iyo Patty Williamson, ''Door County Living'' Nofeembar 15, 2011</ref> in kastoo tareenno dheeri ah oo koonfurta ka yimaada ay ka shaqayn jireen ilaa iyo sanadkii 1986 <ref name="Mailer">''Green Bay & Western The First 111 Years'' waxaa qoray Mailer, Stan, Hundman Publishing, 1989</ref> ==== Dalxiis-yadii Hore ==== [[File:Excursion party on Sailor Boy.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Laga soo qaatay kaarka boostada lagu calaamadeeyay [[1906]] ee Sturgeon Bay]] [[File:Cedar_Glen,_one_of_themany_free_tourists%27_camp_sites_in_Peninsula_State_Park,_Door_County,..._(NBY_562).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Kaadh boosta [[1924]]]] [[File:Children enjoy picking cherries in Door County orchards.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Laga soo bilaabo buug-yaraha xayaysiinta ee sanadkii [[1914]]-kii, cinwaan ayaa loo tarjumay "Carruurtu waxay ku raaxaystaan ​​inay soo goostaan ​​canabka beeraha ee Degmada Door"]] Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii [[1865]]-kii illaa sanadkii [[1870]]-kii, seddex hudheel dalxiis ayaa laga dhisay gudaha iyo hareeraha Sturgeon Bay iyo mid kale oo ku yaal Fish Creek. Hal meel oo dalxiis oo weyn ayaa laga aasaasay sanadkaa [[1870]], iyadoo qiimaheedu ahaa $7.50 asbuucii (oo u dhiganta $150 sanadka [[2020]]). In kasta oo qiimaha ay ku jirto saddex cunto oo maalinle ah, haddana lacag dheeri ah ayaa lagu soo rogay oo ah kireynta fardaha, oo sidoo kale laga heli karo bajaajleyda iyo wadayaasha baabuurta. <ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/title/door-county-wisconsins-peninsular-jewel/oclc/767578020 Door County Wisconsin's Peninsular Jewel] waxaa qoray Bruce Thomas, [[1993]], bogagga 33–34, iyo 41, also see the inflation calculator from [https://www.measuringworth.com/dollarvaluetoday/?amount=145001890&from=1870 measuringworth.com] {{Wayback|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/dollarvaluetoday/?amount=145001890&from=1870 |date=20210624202745 }}</ref> Ka sokow joogitaanka hudheelada, dalxiisayaashu waxay kaloo degi jireen guryo gaar loo leeyahay. Dalxiisayaashu waxay booqan jireen qaybta woqooyi ee gobolka iyagoo raaca markabo yaryar oo rakaaba kuwaaso loo yaqaan 'Great Lakes', mararka qaarna waxay qayb ka yihiin harada dalxiis ee ay ku jiraan muusikada iyo madadaalada. <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071189941&view=1up&seq=5 Ships and Shipwrecks in Door County, Wisconsin, Volume 2] waxaa qoray Arthur C. iyo Lucy F. Frederickson, Frankfort, Michigan, [[1963]], bogga 3 (bogga 5 ee pdf)</ref> Gaaritaanka jasiiradda peninsula marka laga soo tago Chicago waxay qaadanjirtey saddex maalmood. Hawada ku hareeraysan bulshooyinka beeralayda ayaa ahayd mid fiican oo aan lahayn kulayl iyo wasakh maxaa yeelay dalagyada miraha ayaa si tartiib ah ugu bislaan jirey cimilada qabow waxaana la goosan jiray miraha dabayaaqada sanadka. Tani waxay ka hor tagtay xilliyadii dambe ee dalaga la goosan jirey. Tani waxay si gaar ah u soo jiidatay dadka qaba cudurka sanboorka ee magaalada ku noola. <ref name="Hart2">Hart, John Fraser. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/214100 Resort Areas in Wisconsin]. ''Geographical Review 74''(2) [[1984]], bogagga 206, 207, iyo 198–200 iyo [https://archive.org/stream/americanbeejourn411901hami/#page/597/mode/1up A Bee-keeper's Vacation Spent in Wisconsin] waxaa qoray C. F. Dadant, Sebtember 19, [[1901]] in ''American Bee Journal 41''(38): Chicago, bogga 957</ref> Wadooyinka waaweyn ee la hagaajiyay ee dhagaxa laga jajabiyey waxay fududeeyeen dalxiisyadii gawaarida horaantii sanadkii1900. <ref name="2030 plan3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii 1909 ugu yaraan 1,000 dalxiisayaal ah ayaa soo booqan jirey sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t7br8sm8w&view=1up&seq=47 State parks for Wisconsin. Report of John Nolen, Landscape Architect, With Letter of Transmittal by State Park Board], waxaa qoray John Nolen, 1909, bogga 31 (bogga 47 ee pdf)</ref> Sanadkii 1938 Jens Jensen wuxuu ka digay saamaynta dhaqan xumo ee dalxiisayaasha imanaya. Wuxuu qoray, "Degmada Door si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u burburiyeen nacasyada lacagta wata. Ganacsigan dalxiisku wuxuu burburinayaa dhaqankii yaraa ee jiray. " <ref>quotation taken from the Green Bay Press Gazette, Juun 15, 1938 on bogga 194 of ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rU-KxYpaM8C&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=%22Door+County+is+slowly+being+ruined+by+the+stupid+money+crazed+fools.+This+tourist+business+is+destroying+the+little+bit+of+culture+that+was%22&source=bl&ots=V-ABxYH-kU&sig=ACfU3U0CEeGR5CDXZrbAKxG747cPVRRtqA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHjpmjoMDmAhVXBc0KHT79CgAQ6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Door%20County%20is%20slowly%20being%20ruined%20by%20the%20stupid%20money%20crazed%20fools.%20This%20tourist%20business%20is%20destroying%20the%20little%20bit%20of%20culture%20that%20was%22&f=false Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park]'' waxaa qoray William H. Tishler, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2006</ref> ==== Xoojinta Beeraha ==== Sannadkii 1865, hawlgalkii ugu horreeyay ee miro ganacsi ayaa la aasaasay markii canab lagu beeray mid ka mid ah Jasiiradaha Strawberry. taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii1895, waxaa la aasaasay xanaanada dhirta miraha waaweyn oo midho-dhalinta khudradda si xoog leh loo dallacsiiyay. Maaha beeraleyda oo keliya laakiin xitaa ragga "magaalada lagu soocay" waxaa lagu booriyay inay u tixgeliyaan beerashada miraha sida shaqada oo kale. Midkii ugu horreeyay ee iskaashatooyin ah kuwaaso suuq geyn u leh miro badan ayaa la bilaabay 1897. Marka lagu daro geedaha ay maamulaan shirkaduhu, 1910 shirkaddii ugu horreysay waxaa loo aasaasay inay beerto oo iibiso geedo hore loo aasaasay. In kasta oo geedaha tufaaxu ka horreeyeen geedaha canabka, haddana sanadkii 1913 waxaa la soo sheegay in canabku uu dhaafay tufaaxa. <ref name="Cain">[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005752947 The Development of Apple Horticulture in Wisconsin, 1850s-1950s: Case Studies of Bayfield, Crawford, and Door Counties], Chapter 4, Door County Apple Horticulture waxaa qoray Cain, Cortney, M.A. thesis, UW-Madison, May 2006</ref> ==== Canabka, ilaha shaqada dalagga ==== Haweenka iyo carruurta ayaa sida caadiga ah loo shaqaaleeyay inay soo guraan miraha , laakiin shaqada la hayo ayaa ka sarreysa sahayda shaqaalaha. taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii 1918, way adkeyd in la helo caawimaad ku filan si loo soo qaado dalagyada miraha, sidaa darteed shaqaalaha waxaa keenay YMCA iyo Boy Scouts of America. Soo qaadista canabka waxaa loo suuq geyn jiray sidii nashaadaad xagaaga ah oo wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay wiilasha dhalinyarada ah si loogu celiyo qolka, guddiga, iyo howlaha madadaalada. Hal beerood ayaa ciyaartoy ka kirestay Green Bay Packers iyagoo ah la taliyayaasha kaamka. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, xubno ka socda Oneida Nation ee Wisconsin iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee asalka ah ayaa loo shaqaaleeyay inay soo qaadaan miraha canabka. <ref>[https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/68290/Bankston%20Jarocki%20Miller.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Geography of Apple Orchards in Wisconsin: Examining the Core of Cultivation]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Kody Bankston, Morgan Jarocki, iyo Adrienne Miller, unpublished student paper, UW-Madison, 2012</ref> <ref>[https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ Migrant Labor and Door County Cherries] {{Wayback|url=https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ |date=20220223190334 }} waxaa qoray Emily Irwin, Luulyo 1, 2017</ref> Mushaharkooda ka sokow, qoysaska Dhaladka Mareykanka ah waxaa la siiyay miro u bisil suuqgaynta, oo ay keydiyeen una keydsadeen adeegsiga muddada dheer. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9fHADAAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 Good Seeds: A Menominee Indian Food Memoir] waxaa qoray Thomas Pecore Weso, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2016, bogga 29</ref> Xero lagu ilaaliyo dadka rayidka ah ayaa laga sameeyay [[Peninsula State Park]] intii lagu jiray Murugada Weyn. Xilligii xagaaga ee sanadkii 1945, Fish Creek waxay ahayd goob xero POW ah oo hoos tagta xero ku taal Fort Sheridan, Illinois. <ref>Mariah Goode. "[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-harvest-of-1945/ The Harvest of 1945: German POW Camps Filled Door County's Labor Shortage]". ''Door County Pulse'', Luulyo 1, 2005.</ref> <ref>cheyenne Lentz. "[https://www.wpr.org/story-wisconsins-german-pows-piece-hidden-history-author-says Story Of Wisconsin's German POWs Is A Piece Of Hidden History, Author Says]". ''Wisconsin Public Radio'', Juun 23, 2015.</ref> <ref>Damien Jaques. "[https://onmilwaukee.com/myOMC/authors/damienjaques/vicfarm12.html Cherry picking with German POWs in Door County]". ''On Milwaukee'', Luulyo 9, 2012.</ref> [[Jarmalka|Maxaabiista Jarmalka]] ah waxay ku mashquulsanaayeen mashaariic dhismo, qoryo ayey dhisi jareen, waxayna soo gurteen canabka Jasiiradda Peninsula State Park iyo nawaaxigeeda. <ref name="Tishler 2006">[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rU-KxYpaM8C&pg=PA154 Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park], Tishler, W.H., University of Wisconsin Press, 2006</ref> Intii lagu gudajiray shaqo joojin kooban, POWs ayaa diiday inay shaqeeyaan. Jawaabta ayay ilaalayaashu dejiyeen siyaasad "shaqo majiro, waxna ha cunin" waxayna ku noqdeen shaqadoodii, iyaga oo ka guraya 11 baal maalin walba ugu dambayntiina isku darka waxay gaarayaan 508,020 pails. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zD-kby0LiuEC&pg=PA240 Stalag Wisconsin: Inside WW II Prisoner-of-war Camps], waxaa qoray Betty Cowley, Oregon, Wisconsin: Badger Books, 2002, Section on Camp Sturgeon Bay 1945, bogagga 240 iyo 243</ref> Adeegga Shaqaalaynta ee Gobolka Wisconsin wuxuu xafiis ka sameeyay degmada Door sanadkii 1949 si uu u goro [[Texas|Tejanos]] si uu u soo qaado miraha canabka. Shaqadu waxay ahayd mid aan la saadaalin karin, maadaama goosashada miraha canabku ay liidatay sanadaha qaarkood shaqaaluhuna lagu siin jiray qadarka ay soo saareen. Sannadkii 1951, Waaxda Daryeelka Dadweynaha ee Wisconsin waxay samaysay daraasad lagu diiwaan gelinayo isku dhaca u dhexeeya shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah iyo dalxiisayaasha, kuwaas oo ka xumaaday joogitaanka qoysaska muhaajiriinta ah ee aagagga fasaxa dadweynaha. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VXg3DwAAQBAJ Mexicans in Wisconsin] waxaa qoray Sergio González, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2017</ref> Liiska talooyinka ayaa loo diyaariyey si loo hagaajiyo xiriirka jinsiyadaha. <ref>The list is found on bogagga 51 ff of [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89096552690&view=1up&seq=51 Migrant agricultural workers in Door County] waxaa qoray Division for Children and Youth, State Department of Public Welfare, Wisconsin, 1951</ref> Shaqaalaynta muhaajiriinta ayaa sii socota ilaa maanta. Sannadkii 2013, waxaa gobolka ka jiray saddex xero shaqo oo muhaajiriin ah, oo ay ku noolyihiin wadar ahaan 57 xoogsato iyo xoogsade ka shaqeeya iyo shan qof oo aan shaqaale ahayn. <ref>[https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf Developing Strategies to Improve Farm Labor Camp Housing Policy in Massachusetts] {{Wayback|url=https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf |date=20210721041341 }}, waxaa qoray Daniel MacVeigh-Fierro Samantha Ricci Damani Walder, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston Project Center B.S. Interactive Qualifying Project, bogga 65 (bogga 79 ee pdf)</ref> ==== Dhacdooyinkii qarnigii 20 –aad-21aad ==== Sannadkii 1905, ''Lilly Amiot'' wuxuu ku sugnaa Ellison Bay waxana uu saarnaa xamuul siday shidaal markii uu dab qabsaday. Ka dib markii la gooyay dabacsan, wuu rogmaday ilaa uu ka qarxayey; qaraxa waxaa laga maqlay meel 15 mayl u jirta goobta. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4CBCcye0n6IC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41 Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan] waxaa qoray Benjamin J. Shelak, Black Earth, Wisconsin: Trails Books, 2003, bogga 41</ref> Sannadkii 1912, duuliye diyaaradeed Lincoln Beachey ayaa soo bandhigay biplanekiisa intii lagu gudo jiray carwadii degmada; tan waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay tahay duullimaadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku dega gobolka. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation]'' waxaa qoray John Enigl iyo Wallace "Bud" Felhofer, 2001, bogga 5 (bogga 11 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1913, ''The Old Rugged Cross'' waxaa markii ugu horraysay ee laga heesay Kaniisadda loo yaqaan Saaxiibbada ee ku taal Sturgeon Bay iyada oo ay wada socdaan laba daaci oo socdaal ah. <ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FjBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 Hidden History of Sturgeon Bay]''by Heidi Hodges and Kathy Steebs, Charleston, North Carolina: The History Press, 2018, bogga 113</ref> Sannadkii 1919-kii, tartankii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan 'Hydro-Navy hydrogen balloon' waxaa ku guuleystay koox ciidan ah oo buufinkoodu ku dhacday marinka Albaabka Dhimashada. Laba askari ayaa u adkeystay mowjado 10-cag ah saacad ka hor inta aanu badbaadin nin kalluumeysato ah. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation]'' waxaa qoray John Enigl and Wallace "Bud" Felhofer, 2001, bogga 13 (bogga 19 ee pdf) and [https://books.google.com/books?id=XHvCTAFtLIsC&pg=RA1-PA33&dq=%22First+Army-Navy+Balloon+Race%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHzb7i997mAhVJZc0KHa9lBCQQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=%22First%20Army-Navy%20Balloon%20Race%22&f=false U.S. Air Services, Volumes 2–4], bogga 33</ref> Sannadkii 1925-kii, lo ku nool Horseshoe Bay oo la yiraahdo Aurora Homestead Badger ayaa soo saartay 30,000 oo rodol oo caano ah, xilligaas oo taasi noqotay rikoor caalami ah oo lo'da caanaha laga helo ah. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/horseshoe-bay-farms/ Horseshoe Bay Farms Still Stands Tall] waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr., ''Door County Living'' May 1, 2013</ref> Bishii Juun ee sanadkiii1938, sawirro hawada laga qaaday ayaa laga qaaday gobolka oo dhan; sanadkii 2011 sawirada waxaa lasoo geliyay internetka. <ref>They are available from the [https://maps.sco.wisc.edu/WHAIFinder/#9/44.9162/-87.5226 WHAIFinder] application, for reference see [https://www.sco.wisc.edu/2011/02/23/wisconsin-historic-aerial-photographs-now-available-online/ Wisconsin historic aerial photographs now available online] waxaa qoray Howard Veregin, ''Wisconsin Geospatial News'', Febraayo 23, 2011</ref> 1941, Dugsiga Xirfadaha ee Sturgeon Bay ayaa la furay. Hadda waa xerada Sturgeon Bay ee Northeast Wisconsin Technical College. Bishii Diseembar ee sanadkii1959, ''Bridgebuilder X'' ayaa la waayey ka dib markii uu ka tegey xero markab oo ku taal Sturgeon Bay halkaas oo lagu hagaajiyey. Meelaha loogu tala galay in la tago waxay ahaayeen Northport iyo South Fox Island. Waxyaabaha suurtagalka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa la'aanta ballastiis iyo horumar lama filaan ah oo hirarka 11-cagood ah. Mid ka mid ah labada shaqaale ayaa meydkiisa la helay xagaagii xigay. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065910/https://upnorthlive.com/news/neighborhood/more-mysteries-in-the-great-lakes More Mysteries in the Great Lakes] (Archived Febraayo 7, 2020) waxaa qoray Meghan Morelli, ''WPBN-TV'', Diisambar 14, 2012, also see [https://web.archive.org/web/20191123101947/https://michiganmysteries.com/missing-ships/1959-bridgebuilder-x/ 1959 Bridgebuilder X] (Archived Nofeembar 23, 2019) waxaa qoray Ross Richardson, ''Michigan Mysteries''</ref> Sannadkii 2004, degmadu waxay billowday [[Magaalada mataano|xiriir magaalooyin walaasheed]] la leh Jingdezhen oo ku yaal koonfur-bari [[Shiinaha]]. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/door-county-and-jingdezhen-china/ Door County and Jingdezhen, China: Sister Cities] waxaa qoray ''Door County Living'', Luulyo 1, 2004, accessed Diisambar 12, 2019</ref> == Juqraafiga == Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka, gobolka wuxuu leeyahay aag guud oo dhan {{Convert|2370|sqmi}} , oo ka mid ah {{Convert|482|sqmi}} waa dhul iyo {{Convert|1888|sqmi}} (80%) waa biyo. <ref name="GR1">[http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_55.txt 2010 Census Gazetteer Files], United States Census Bureau, Ogosto 22, 2012</ref> Waxana uu noqonaya degmada ugu weyn Wisconsin marka loo eego wadarta aagagga. Degmadu waxay leedahay {{Convert|298|miles|meters}} oo xeeb ah, taas oo guud ahaan lagu tilmaamo kala-goynta dhinaca galbeed. Dhinaca bari peat waxaa soo raaca cows iyo xeebo ciid ah ama quruurux ah oo ku yaala hareeraha harada. <ref>[https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf |date=20210604104655 }} waxaa qoray W. J. Geib, Carl Thompson, and H.V. Geib, USDA Bureau of Soils, 1918, bogga 6, (bogga 8 ee pdf)</ref> Sannado badan oo hoos u dhacday heerarka biyaha haradu, ubaxyada ku teedsan xeebta waxay muujineysaa isku-xigsi dhir. Badhtamaha Jasiiraddu inta badan waa dhul fidsan ama rogan oo dhul beereed ah. Waxaa jira saddex biyood oo kala duwan iyo laba nooc oo ilo ah oo ka jira degmada. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200126061420/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c490/eda3b833bb470534ca519baf1c4ce74a54f5.pdf Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite] waxaa qoray M.G. Sherrill Section: "Hydrologic Characteristics of Rock Units," 1978, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2047, bogagga 11–12</ref> <ref>[https://uwex.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=5f3157d4ba6049edb4964568f6ab1ff9 Wisconsin Springs: Data], see the four points located in the county on the electronic map, Susan Swanson, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey</ref> Degmadu waxay dabooshaa inta badan Jasiiradda Door. Markii la dhammeeyey kanaalka Maraakiibta ee Sturgeon Bay sanadkii 1881, <ref name="Wardius Wardius 2013">[https://books.google.com/books?id=iVecpMd_5AAC&pg=PA100 Wisconsin Lighthouses: A Photographic and Historical Guide, Revised Edition], K. Wardius iyo B. Wardius, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2013, 100–25</ref> qeybtii woqooyi ee jasiiraddu waxay noqotay jasiirad macmal ah. <ref>''Great Lakes Island Escapes'' waxaa qoray Maureen Dunphy, chapter on [https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1916900 Washington Island, Wisconsin], bogga 64 (bogga 3 ee pdf), Wayne State University Press, 2016</ref> Kanaalkan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu si uun u sababay hoos u dhac ku yimaad shahwada tirada badan ee ku sugan harada badda sababo la xiriira isbeddelada ku dhaca deegaanka biyaha ku jira. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055938/https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/comprehensive-plan-update-2010-adopted1.pdf City of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan Update], 2010, chapter 2 bogga 2 (bogga 14 ee pdf)</ref> Is barbar dhigga woqooyi ee 45aad wuxuu ka kooban yahay "jasiiradda," tanna waxaa lagu xusaa Park Meridian Park. <ref>{[https://www.co.door.wi.gov/746/Meridian-County-Park Meridian County Park], Door County Parks</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Meridian County Park and Harter-Matter Sanctuary Map and trail guide |url=https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Soo-kabashada === Dolomite outcroppings ah ee Escarpment Niagara waxa ay ka muuqdan labada xeebood ee Jasiiradda, laakiin karst qaababka ah Cuesta xigtaa si gaar ah caan u ah dhinaca Green Bay sida arkay at the Blufflands Bayshore. Koofurta Sturgeon Bay soohdintu waxay u kala baxdaa qulqulo hoose oo badan iyada oo aan wejiyada dhagxaanta waaweyn ee la soo bandhigin. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf Chapter 8: Central Lake Michigan Coastal Ecological Landscape], subsection on Bedrock Geology from ''The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management.'' Madison: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2015. PUB-SS-1131Q 2015, bogga J-5 (bogga 15 ee pdf)</ref> Godad badan ayaa laga helaa qafiska. <ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/report.pdf Geology and Ground Water in Door County, Wisconsin, with Emphasis on Contamination Potential in the Silurian Dolomite] waxaa qoray M. G. Sherrill, United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2047. 1978, locations of caves are shown on Plate 1</ref> <ref>[https://www.wisconsinlife.org/story/man-goes-deep-to-explore-preserve-the-hidden-treasures-of-door-countys-caves/ Man Goes Deep To Explore, Preserve The Hidden Treasures Of Door County's Caves], waxaa qoray Joel Waldinger, Oktoobar 14, 2014, ''Wisconsin Life'' PBS</ref> Marka laga soo tago cirifka woqooyi ee jasiiradda, cirifka qayb ahaan hoosta ka sameysan ayaa sameeya jasiiradaha Potawatomi, oo u fidsan Jasiiradda ee Jasiiradda Sare ee Michigan. Kuwani waxaa ugu weyn Jasiiradda Washington. Intooda badani waxay sameystaan Magaalada Washington.<ref>[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf |date=20210624200024 }}, USDA SCS, Diisambar 1978</ref> Kala bixintu waa goob soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay qodista, guryaha, iyo munaaradaha isgaarsiinta. <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0801.pdf The Niagara Escarpment: Inventory Findings 1999–2001 and Considerations for Management. Final Report], Craig Anderson, Eric Epstein, William Smith, Nicole Merryfield, May 2002, Natural Heritage Inventory Program Bureau of Endangered Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, bogga 32 (bogga 40 ee pdf)</ref> Goob hore oo dhagax laga qoday oo ku taal xeebta oo shan mayl xaga waqooyi-bari ee Sturgeon Bay hadda waa jardiinooyin degmo. <ref name="Quarry">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200127092530/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/George_PINNEY.pdf George Pinney County Park kiosk information], ''Door County Parks''</ref> [[File:Gfp-wisconsin-whitefish-dunes-top-of-the-dune.jpg|thumb|Ka eeg xagga kore ee Old Baldy bisha Ogosto]] === Dhibco sare === Eskers waa waxa kaliya ee laga helo geeska fog koonfur-galbeed ee gobolka, laakiin drumlins yar iyo weynba moraines sidoo kale sii dhacaan ilaa Jasiiradda. <ref>[https://arcg.is/0D5bvf Wisconsin Geology] electronic map, in the Layer List, "Landforms features (lines)" was selected to show the glacial landforms</ref> 102kii&nbsp;feet sare Brussels Hill <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060255/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Gardner%20Comp%20Plan%20Text%20and%20Maps.pdf Town of Gardner 20 Year Comprehensive Plan], Janaayo 2010, Chapter 5, bogga 15 (bogga 78 ee pdf)</ref> ({{Coord|44.75166|-87.59093|dim:30_region:US-WI_type:hill}}, sare u qaadis 851 feet) waa meesha ugu sarreysa ee gobolka. <ref>[http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf Town of Brussels 2020 Comprehensive Plan] {{Wayback|url=http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf |date=20200113060257 }}, Chapter 2, bogga 30 (bogga 56 ee pdf)</ref> Red Hill Woods ee u dhow waa keynta ugu weyn ee hartay maple-beech aagga. <ref>Wisconsin Land Legacy Report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape], subsection "Red Hill Woods – Brussels Grassland", bogga 134 (bogga 7 ee pdf), 2006, ''Wisconsin DNR''</ref> Old Baldy ({{Coord|44.920344|-87.20192|dim:30_region:US-WI_type:dune}} ) waa bacaad ciida ugu dheer ee gobolka <ref>[https://www.travelwisconsin.com/article/things-to-do/get-a-birds-eye-view-of-wisconsins-fall-color Get A Bird's Eye View of Wisconsin's Fall Color] waxaa qoray Travel Wisconsin, Sept. 21, 2017</ref> at 93 feet heer ka sarreeya gudubno. <ref>Note that lake level changes from year to year. [https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/parks/name/whitefish/trails.html Whitefish Dunes State Park Trail descriptions], ''Wisconsin DNR'', Maarso 20th 2016, accessed Sebtember 7th, 2019</ref> === Cimilada === Degmadu waxay leedahay [[Cimilada]] qaaradda ee qoyan| cimilo qaaradeed oo qoyan (oo loo yaqaan 'Dfb' oo ku taal [Köppen ) oo leh kuleyl diirran iyo qabow [[baraf]] qabaw. Xogta laga helay Saldhigga Cilmi-baarista Beeraha ee Peninsula ee waqooyiga magaalada Sturgeon Bay waxay bixisay celcelis ahaan heerkulka bil kasta oo in uu u dhexeeyo {{Convert|68.7|F|C}} xagaaga illaa {{Convert|18.0|F|C}} xilliga jiilaalka. Bishii Janaayo 7, 1967 Washington Island waxay heshay 17 inji oo baraf ah, taas oo dejineysa rikoorka degmada ugu weyn ee hal maalin baraf da'o. <ref>[https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/snowfall-extremes/ Wisconsin 1-Day Snowfall Extremes]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information'', Oktoobar 22, 2018</ref> Afar duufaan ayaa ka dhacday intii u dhaxeysay 1844 iyo 1880, iyo lix ka timid 1950 ilaa 1989, laakiin ma jirin wax dhimasho ah oo midkoodna ku dhalatay. Laba waxay ka gudbeen khadka degmada ee Door-Kewaunee. <ref>[https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/pubs/b100/ A Tornado Climatology for Wisconsin]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Pamela Naber Knox and Douglas Norgord, ''Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey'' Bulletin 100, 2000, bogga 9 (bogga 17 ee pdf) iyo bogga 13 (bogga 21 ee pdf)</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 1989 ilaa 2019, waxaa jiray 2 duufaano dheeri ah, oo ay ku jiraan F3 "Door County tornado" oo ku dhacday Egg Harbor 1998. <ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.731.83&rep=rep1&type=pdf Development of the Door County Supercell on 23 Ogosto 1998] waxaa qoray James R. Jelinek, Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, May 2006</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer waxaa jiray 10 biyo-mareenno u kala dhexeeyay sanadii 1950 iyo 2018. <ref>[https://www.weather.gov/media/grb/climate/severewx/8TORBYCOUNTYDOOR.pdf Door County Tornado Guide], ''weather.gov''</ref> == Soojiidashada == [[File:Winter_Road_-_Shivering_Sands,_Door_Peninsula_(32151198956).jpg|thumb|Wadada isku xirka qoyan ee Shivering Sands, Janaayo 1]] Sannadkii 1905, Theodore Roosevelt wuxuu ku taliyay in aagga Shivering Sands la ilaaliyo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 6, bogga 7, bogga 104 ee pdf</ref> Maanta aaggan waxaa ka mid ah Dunes Whitefish, Kellner's Fen, Shivering Sands complex wet, <ref>[https://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Landings_Spring-2012.pdf Landings, Journal of the Door County Land Trust], Spring 2012, bogagga 6–7</ref> iyo xadiiqada Cave Point County . <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0803.pdf A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin's Great Lakes], 2002 (See M-16. Shivering Sands Area on p. 37 ee dukumintiga iyo p. 43 ee pdf)</ref> Hjalmar Holand, oo reer Efrayim ah, <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016754817&view=1up&seq=16 My first eighty years] waxaa qoray Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 1957, Twayne Publishers, New York, p. 10 (p. 16 ee pdf)</ref> ayaa kor uqaaday Degmada Door si ay u noqoto meel loo dalxiis tago nuskii hore ee qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay guddi la bilaabay 1927 si loo ilaaliyo loona horumariyo goobaha taariikhiga ah, <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066138504&view=1up&seq=254 Old peninsula days; the making of an American community], Chapter 26, "The Peninsula's County Parks" waxaa qoray Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 8th revised edition, 1959, p. 242 and following (p. 254 iyo raacitaanka pdf)</ref> iyo dadaalkan awgiis bulshada taariikhiga ah ee degmada ayaa iibsatay dhulal hada ah beeraha, oo ay kujiraan xadiiqada Tornado , xadiiqada Robert LaSalle, xadiiqada Murphy, xadiiqada Increase Claflin, iyo meesha muqadaska ah ee Ridges . <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/door-countys-original-historian-hjalmar-r-holand/ Door County's Original Historian: Hjalmar R. Holand] waxaa qoray Steve Grutzmacher, ''Door County Living'', Sebtember 4, 2015</ref> Maanta, inta badan dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka xagaaga dagan waxay ka yimaadaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Milwaukee, [[Chicago]], Madison, Green Bay, [[Minneapolis]] iyo [[Saint Paul]], <ref name="NYTimes20080911">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/greathomesanddestinations/12mark.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss The Cape Cod of the Midwest] waxaa qoray Lyttle, Bethany, Sebtember 11, 2008, ''The New York Times''</ref> in kasta oo dadka degan Illinois ay yihiin kooxda ugu badan labada degmo ee Door iyo koonfurta ka xigta geeska bari ee Wisconsin. <ref>[Condos in the Woods: The Growth of Seasonal and Retirement Homes in Northern Wisconsin https://books.google.com/books?id=Z737bhspiloC&pg=PA22], Rebecca L. Schewe, Donald R. Field, Deborah J. Frosch, Gregory Clendenning, iyo Dana Jensen, May 15, 2012, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 22</ref> Sannadkii 2003, cilmi baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in marka la barbar dhigo gobollada kale ee Wisconsin, Degmada Door ay leedahay qaddar dhexdhexaad ah oo ah biyaha gudaha, dhulka kaymaha ah, garoomada ay degmooyinku leeyihiin, iyo masaafada lugta tareenka iyo tiro badan oo garoomo golf ah, ganacsiyo madadaalo ah iyo buuraha barafka dhaadheer iyo xerooyinka. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190302172244/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9f65/5760fa12dca9766f5b9e98331d7a3bdc209b.pdf Standardizing county-level recreation supply components: A precursor to the Wisconsin SCORP, 2005] Working Paper 03-2 Nofeembar 2003 waxaa qoray Peter Herreid, Dave Marcouiller, and Jeff Prey</ref> In kasta oo ay jiraan xerooyin aad u tiro badan haddana Wisconsin DNR ayaa soo warisay 2006-kii in "baahida loo qabo kaamamku ay aad uga badan tahay tan hadda la bixiyo ee jirta." <ref>Wisconsin Land Legacy Report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228151140/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/nlakemich.pdf Northern Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape], subsection "Recreation Uses and Opportunities", bogga 119 (bogga 2 ee pdf), 2006, ''Wisconsin DNR''</ref> === Dhul madadaalo === [[File:Potawatomi_Tower_View.jpg|thumb|Ka eeg bisha Ogosto taarikada indha indheynta ee hadda xiran ee ku taal Potawatomi State Park. Jasiiradda yar waa jasiiradda Cirka ee Dunida, oo hore u ahaan jirtay Bug Island. <ref name="islands">[https://doorcountypulse.com/islands-around-us/ Door County's Islands] waxaa qoray Sally Slattery, ''Door County Living'', Luulyo 1, 2014</ref> Bidixda bidix waa Cabot Point, oo qayb ka ah aagga loo yaqaan Idlewild, dhanka midigna waxaa ku yaal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee Sturgeon Bay oo ay ka muuqato dhagaxa weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Old Stone Quarry', oo ah kan ugu weyn gobolka.<ref name=Quarry/> Jasiiradda Green Island waxay umuuqataa khad aad u jilicsan oo ku teedsan jihada hore.]] [[File:Nicolet_Bay_Aerial.jpg|thumb|Nicolet Bay oo ku taal [[Peninsula State Park]], Nicolet Beach oo ku taal bartamaha. Tan iyo markii la qaatay bartamihii Sebtember, xeebta badiyaa way madhan tahay.]] Degmada Door waxay hoy u tahay lix jardiinooyin oo gobolka ku yaal. <ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/broadband-high-speed-internet-government-spending/ Federal lawmakers have spent billions in the wake of the pandemic to get Americans high-speed internet. And they want to spend much more.] waxaa qoray Sarah Ewall-Wice, ''CBS News'' May 21, 2021</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/66938/ Article posted Thursday, Maarso 6, 2014 10:36am] waxaa qoray Jim Lundstrom, ''Peninsula Pulse'', Maarso 6th, 2014</ref> Afar waxay ku yaalliin Peninsula: [[Newport State Park|Xadiiqada Newport State]], waqooyi-bari Ellison Bay; Xadiiqada Peninsula State, oo ku taal bariga Kalluunka Creek; Beerta Gobolka Potawatomi, oo ay weheliso Sturgeon Bay; iyo [[Whitefish Dunes State Park]] oo ku teedsan harada Michigan. Laba waxay ku yaaliin jasiiradaha: [[Rock Island, Wisconsin|Xadiiqada Rock Island State]] iyo Xadiiqada Grand traverse Island State . Xadiiqada Grand Traverse Island State waxaa la aasaasay 1970 waxayna ilaalisaa aragga in ka badan kan {{convert | 5 | acre | ha}} dhul ku yaal Jasiiradda Detroit.<ref>[http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/lands/realestate/documents/05r911071d.pdf Payment of State Aid to Municipalities for the payment year of 2005], Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources</ref> Maaddaama ay ka kooban tahay shan xirmooyin oo aan kala bixin<ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/pr/PR2090.pdf Hunting & Trapping Map Grand Traverse Island State Park] {{Wayback|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/pr/PR2090.pdf |date=20210624210345 }}, Wisconsin DNR PUB PR-2090, Rev. 9/11/2014</ref> mana jirto marin doomo laga raaco xadiiqadani caadi ahaan lama xayeysiiyo. Marka lagu daro xarumaha dabiiciga ee ku dhex yaal jardiinooyinka gobolka, waxaa jira saddex kale oo ka baxsan jardiinooyinka. Waxaa jira afar Meelood oo Duurjoogta iyo Kalluumeysiga ah<ref>Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area, Mud Lake Wildlife Area, Reibolts Creek Public Access, and Schuyler Creek State Fishery Area</ref> iyo sidoo kale Aagagga Dabiiciga ah ee Gobolka oo u oggolaanaya marin-u-helidda dadweynaha ee bilaashka ah. <ref name="SNA">[https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/NaturalAreas/county.html#Door State natural areas waxaa qoray county], ''Wisconsin DNR'' Janaayo 22, 2019</ref> Ka sokow degmada, <ref>[http://doorcounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=b745a6c3b54640a097199de19d2aaa4d Interactive map of State and County Parks]</ref> magaalada, iyo jardiinooyinka bulshada, <ref>[https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/departments/parks___recreation/park_facilities.php Park facilities], ''City of Sturgeon Bay''</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/far-from-the-madding-crowd-liberty-grove-town-parks/ Far From the Madding Crowd: Liberty Grove Town Parks]</ref> waxaa ku yaal xerada kormeerka wiilka, xero kiristaan ah, <ref>[https://www.ccca.org/assnfe/CompanySearch.asp?MODE=DETAIL&COID=856&PAGENUM=5 Camp Zion] listing in the CCCA campgrounds directory, accessed Diisambar 10th, 2019</ref> iyo goob dadweyne oo ay maamusho Xarunta Qadiimiga ah. <ref>[https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf Ice Age Trail Guidebook 2014] {{Wayback|url=https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf |date=20210721040925 }}, Points of interest: Cardy Paleo-Indian Camp Archaeological Site, p. 353 (p. 6 ee pdf)</ref> <ref name="Cardy">[https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 Life During The End Of The Ice Age: The Cardy site could inform archaeologists about how humans dealt with a challenging environment.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 |date=20220223203808 }}, ''American Archaeology Vol. 14'', No. 3, Fall 2010</ref> Aaminaad dhul oo maxalli ah ayaa ka shaqeysa 14 jardiinooyin oo gaar loo leeyahay oo u furan dadweynaha, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180410164615/http://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/ Explore Our Preserves], ''Door County Land Trust''</ref> iyo 3,277.3 hektar (1326.3 ha) oo ka mid ah dhulal gaar loo leeyahay ayaa u furan dadweynaha ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga, socodka, aragga iyo ciyaaraha barafka ee waddamada Barnaamijka Kaymaha la maamula. <ref>Lands enrolled in the tax program are shown on the [https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl DNR Private Forest Lands Open for Public Recreation] {{Wayback|url=https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl |date=20210629033503 }} interactive map and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200222022053/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/ForestLandowners/documents/MFLAcreSummaryMun.pdf Managed Forest Law 2019 Acreage Summary Report by Municipality] waxaa qoray Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Febraayo 25, 2019, p. 17</ref> === Xeebaha === Marka lagu daro harada Lake Michigan iyo Green Bay labadaba, waxaa jira 54 xeebood oo dadweyne ah ama dayactir ubaahan <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Beaches/documents/maps/door.pdf Map of Door County Beaches on Lake Michigan] {{Wayback|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Beaches/documents/maps/door.pdf |date=20210721040907 }} and [https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?webmap=55235cfdfe374ba8ad22fc39a03cb522 Wisconsin's Great Lake Public Access Guide], electronic map</ref> iyo 39 goobood oo laga bilaabayo kayak.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170711231351/https://www.doorcounty.com/media/8619/bike-map_2016_digital.pdf Bicycle and other silent sports map 2016], Door County Visitor Bureau</ref> 35 xeeb ayaa si joogto ah loola socdaa dakana loogala taliyaa tayada biyaha. <ref>[https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: Wisconsin Beach Advisories] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: |date=20210118014302 }} on the Wisconsin Beach Health website; counties are located in the dropdown menu</ref> In kasta oo Degmada Door ay ku yar tahay maalmaha qoraxdu badan tahay gobollada badankood ee Wisconsin iyo Illinois, haddana sidoo kale waxay leedahay roobab yar iyo heerkulka xagaaga oo hooseeya, <ref>Ka eeg khariidada xagga hoose ee [https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/county/wisconsin/door Door County, Wisconsin, - Sperling's BestPlaces], Diisambar 12, 2019 ''Bestplaces.net''</ref> taas oo ka dhigaysa jawiga Qoori|ugu habboon ee xeebta tagaya. === Harooyinka iyo balliyada === Marka laga reebo harada Michigan iyo Green Bay, waxaa jira 25 harooyin, balliyo, ama marsooyin iyo 37 webi, durdurro, iyo ilo ka tirsan gobolka. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070608/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Final_20091106/Chapter%204%20-%20Agricultural%20%26%20Natural%20Resources%20_adopted%2010-27-09_.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030: Chapter 4, Agricultural and Natural Resources], p. 20 ee pdf, Tables 4.15 and 4.16</ref> === Dhul qoyan === 4,631 [[Hektar|ha]] (11,400 hektar) oo ka mid ah dhulka qoyan ee Door Peninsula Coast ayaa ku hoos qoran Heshiiska Ramsar oo ah dhul qoyan oo muhiimad caalami ah leh. <ref>[https://www.ramsar.org/news/united-states-designates-its-37th-ramsar-site United States designates its 37th Ramsar Site], Abriil 27, 2015, khariidada dhulka qoyan eeg Figure 2-28. Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands Ramsar Site khariidada waxaa qoray Door County Planning Department, May 2014 in the [https://www.co.door.wi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_07092020-668 Luulyo 9, 2020 Land Conservation Committee Agenda], bogga 83</ref> Liiska waxaa ku jira saddex aag oo horay loogu aqoonsan jiray "Wetland Gems." === Xilliga === In kasta oo jasiirada Door County ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii sanadkii dad gaadha 27,610, waxay la kulantaa qulqul dalxiisayaala oo ka yimaada dhinac kasta inta u dhexeysa Maalinta Xusuusta iyo Maalinta Shaqaalaha, iyada oo ay jiraan in ka badan 2.1 milyan oo soo booqdayaal ah sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 4, p. 11, (bogga 64 ee pdf)</ref> Ganacsiyada badankoodu waxaa lagu bartilmaameedsadaa dalxiiska waxayna ku shaqeeyaan wakhti-xilliyeed. Iyada oo ku saleysan ururinta canshuuraha qolka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2017-kii ilaa 2018-kii, Luulyo waa bisha ugu mashquulka badan sanadka oo dhan, in kasta oo dakhliga canshuuraha iibku uu ka sarreeyo bisha Agoosto. Canshuuraha ugu yar ayaa la uruuriyaa bisha Janaayo, iyo canshuurta iibka ee ugu yar waxaa la ururiyaa iyana bisha Abriil. <ref name="bureau2019">[http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf Monthly Report, Diisambar 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf |date=20200923183640 }}, Door County Visitor Bureau, bogagga 1 and 5</ref> == Dalxiiska == In kasta oo jasiirada Door County ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii dad gaadhaya 27,610, waxay la kulantaa qulqul dalxiisayaal ah oo ka yimaada dhinac kasta inta u dhexeysa Maalinta Xusuusta iyo Maalinta Shaqaalaha, iyada oo in ka badan 2.1 milyan ay soo booqdaan sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 4, p. 11, (bogga 64 ee pdf)</ref> Ganacsiyada badankooda waxaa lagu bartilmaameedsadaa dalxiiska waxayna ku shaqeeyaan wakhti-xilliyeed. Iyada oo ku saleysan ururinta canshuuraha qolka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2017-kii ilaa 2018-kii, Luulyo waa bisha ugu mashquulka badan sanadka, in kasta oo dakhliga canshuuraha iibku uu ka sarreeyo bisha Agoosto. Canshuuraha ugu yar ayaa la uruuriyaa bisha Janaayo, iyo canshuurta iibka ee ugu yar waxaa la ururiyaa iyana bisha Abriil. <ref name="bureau20192">[http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf Monthly Report, Diisambar 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf |date=20200923183640 }}, Door County Visitor Bureau, bogagga 1 and 5</ref> Dhaqaalaha Degmada Door wuxuu la mid yahay kan gobolada Bayfield, Iron, Oneida, Sawyer, iyo Vilas. Lixdaan degmo oo ku yaala waqooyiga Wisconsin ayaa waxaa loo kala saaray inay leeyihiin "dalxiis la xiriira keymaha" oo ku saleysan dhaqaalo. <ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.46.6962&rep=rep1&type=pdf Clustering Wisconsin Counties for Analytical Comparisons] waxaa qoray Martin Shields and Steven C. Deller, CCED Staff Paper # 96.7, Oktoobar 1996, bogagga 11 and 16 (bogagga 13 and 19 ee pdf)</ref> Falanqeyn la isbarbar dhigayo xogta 1999 ee xulashada gobolada Wisconsin ayaa lagu ogaaday in Degmada Door ay si gaar ah ugu xoogan tahay tafaariiqda dhismaha iyo qalabka, raashinka, dharka iyo qalabka, tafaariiqda ee kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale maqaayadaha. Adeegyada, waxay ugu xoog badnaayeen madadaalo, filim, iyo madadaalo iyo hoy. Degmada Door waxay ka heshay dheeri maaliyadeed dhammaan qaybaha oo dhan dhammaan gobollada kale, marka laga reebo alaabta guriga & qalabka guryaha lagu iibiyo, taas oo Door County ay ku sii daatay iibinta gobollada kale. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200117233651/https://tind-customer-agecon.s3.amazonaws.com/e53d44a6-0aab-43f7-94f8-42915c7d9d1c?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27stpap428.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAXL7W7Q3XHXDVDQYS&Expires=1579307811&Signature=pKiLzQjlbdIURp9C0VHE4xL4zGc%3D Trade Area Analysis of Select Wisconsin Counties] waxaa qoray Steven C. Deller, Ogosto 2001, Staff Paper No. 428, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Staff Paper Series. Archived Janaayo 17, 2020</ref> Sanadkii 2015-kii, ururada farshaxanka iyo doorka ee Door County waxay qarashgareeyeen $9.7 milyan, taas oo 70.9% kamid ah lagu kharash gareeyay gudaha, marka lagu daro $15.0 milyan oo ay bixiyeen ka soo qaybgalayaashu kuwasoo ahaa dad lagu qiyaasay 1,582 mutadawiciin ah, waxayna ugu talogaleen fanka iyo ururada dhaqanka celcelis ahaan 35.7 saacadood midkiiba. Sanadkii 2015, 194,424 qof ayaa kaqeybgalay fanka iyo munaasabadaha dhaqanka ee gobolka, 78.0% kamid ah dadka aan deegaanka aheyn. Sannadkii 2016-kii, celceliska kaqeybgaleyaasha dhacdooyinka farshaxanka ee gobolka wuxuu kharash gareeyay $28.96, halka celcelis ahaan qofka aan dalka degganeyn uu ku qaatay $90.53. Sanadkii 2016ka, 50.6% dadka aan deegaanka aheyn ayaa sheegay in munaasabada fanka ay aheyd sababta koowaad ee ay ugu safreen gobolka. 66.0% ee kaqeybgaleyaasha deganayaasha degmada 2016 waxay ahaayeen 65 ama ka weyn, halka 48.6% ee kaqeybgaleyaasha aan deganeyn ay ahaayeen 65 ama ka weyn. <ref>[https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/aep5/PDF_Files/NationalFindings_StatisticalReport.pdf Arts and Economic Prosperity 5, National Statistical Report] waxaa qoray Americans for the Arts, bogagga B–25, B–73, B–189, B–205, B–333, B–365, B–381, B–413, B–445 (bogagga 57, 105, 221, 237, 365, 397, 413, 445, and 477 ee pdf)</ref> === Xilliga shaqada iyo guryaha === Heerarka shaqo la'aanta ee jasiirada Door County inta lagu jiro xilliga kuleylaha iyo deyrta ayaa aad uga hooseeya xilliga qaboobaha. <ref>[https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WIDOOR9URN Monthly Unemployment Rate for Door County, WI, 1991-2019], garaaf ka FRED Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, accessed Diisambar 12, 2019.</ref> <ref>[https://baylakerpc.org/application/files/1015/2840/3401/Town_of_Nasewaupee_Comprehensive_Plan.pdf Year 2025 Comprehensive Plan Town of Nasewaupee Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://baylakerpc.org/application/files/1015/2840/3401/Town_of_Nasewaupee_Comprehensive_Plan.pdf |date=20210624203746 }}, Sebtember 2003, bogga 117 ee pdf, Figure 6-1</ref> Dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee Degmada Door caadi ahaan wuu kayaryahay shaqooyinka lamidka ah meelaha kale ee Wisconsin. Tan waxaa loo aaneeyay dabeecadda xilliyeed ee inta badan shaqada. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 2009-kii, waxaa la ogaaday in dadku ay 4.85 jeer ay u badan tahay in laga shaqaaleeyo hoteellada iyo mootooyinka ku yaal jasiirada Door County oo ka soo horjeedda qaranka intiisa kale. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180201083553/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Sectors/documents/DellerEconomicImpacts0324.pdf The Economic Impacts of Agriculture in Wisconsin Counties] waxaa qoray Steven C. Deller and David Williams.</ref> 22.0% oo ka mid ah 13,728 shaqaale ah ayaa sanadkii 2018 ka shaqeeyay waaxda firaaqada iyo soo-dhawaynta ee gobolka, in ka badan qaybaha kale. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ah shaqooyinka firaaqada iyo martigelinta uma muuqdaan kuwo si fiican loo helo, waxay kasbadeen kaliya 12.9% dhammaan mushaharka laga helo degmada. Taa bedelkeeda, shaqaalaha waxsoosaarka waxay heleen 24.5% mushaharka labixiyay sanadkii 2018, inkasta oo ay kaliya ka dhigteen 17.0% shaqaalaha. Tani waa inkasta oo celceliska mushaarka sanadlaha ah ee xilliga firaaqada iyo soodhaweynta ay yihiin 109.3% celceliska mushaarka gobolka ee xilliga firaaqada iyo martigalinta sanadkii 2018. Taa bedelkeeda, shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya wax soo saarka waxay heleen 86.7% celceliska mushaharka gobolka ee wax soo saarka. Mushaharka degmada Door ayaa celcelis ahaan gobolka u soo saaray qayb kasta marka laga reebo xilliga firaaqada iyo martigelinta <ref>[https://jobcenterofwisconsin.com/wisconomy/wits_info/downloads/CP/door_profile.pdf 2019 Workforce profile: Door County] waxaa qoray Ryan Long, Bay Area Regional Economist for the State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, 2019, bogga 7, section "Industry Employment and Wages, 2018 Employment and Wage Distribution by Industry, Door County"</ref> Saamaynta dakhliga hoose waxaa iskudarsaday celcelis ahaan qiimaha guryaha; meelaha kale ee Wisconsin ee mushaharkoodu hooseeyo waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin guryo hooseeya. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034729/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Sister%20Bay%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Village of Sister Bay 2020 Comprehensive Plan] Chapter 1, bogga 16 (bogga 31 ee pdf), 2003</ref> Awood la'aanta guryaha ayaa lala xiriiriyay dhibaatada yaraanta shaqaalaha, maadaama shaqaalaha cusub laga yaabo inaysan awoodin inay iibsadaan guryaha ayna go'aansadaan inay baxaan. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034230/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Liberty%20Grove%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Liberty Grove Comprehensive Plan 2003] Chapter 1, bogga 12 (bogga 32 ee pdf)</ref> Daraasad 2019-kii ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in degmada ay tahay gobolka sideedaad ee ugu qaalisan nolosha ee dhammaan gobollada Wisconsin. <ref>Tani waxaa loogu talagalay qoys laba waalid leh oo leh hal cunug oo iskuulka ku jira iyo hal dugsi-barbaarin, heerka isku-filnaanshaha sannadlaha ah wuxuu ahaa $63,001. [http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/sites/default/files/selfsuff/docs/WI2019_SSS.pdf The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Wisconsin 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/sites/default/files/selfsuff/docs/WI2019_SSS.pdf |date=20210624204921 }} waxaa qoray Diana M. Pearce and the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, May 2019, Center for Women's Welfare, University of Washington School of Social Work, bogga 11 (bogga 13 ee pdf)</ref> == Shaqaalaha ajaanibta ah iyo tirada dadka == Maaddaama diiwaangelinta dugsiga sare ee gobolka ay yaraatay, shaqo-bixiyeyaasha waxay u jeesteen fiisooyinka J-1 si ay u buuxiyaan boosaska xilliyeed halkii. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/j-1-visa-program-growing-in-door-county/ J-1 Visa Program Growing in Door County] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'' May 4, 2018, [https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/2019/08/15/door-county-seasonal-j-1-visa-workers-housing-focus-new-plan/2009275001/ Door County's seasonal, J-1 Visa workers need housing. This Illinois couple hopes to help] waxaa qoray Sammy Gibbons, ''Green Bay Press-Gazette'', Ogosto 15, 2019, and [https://doorcountypulse.com/worker-shortage-endures-for-manufacturing-sector-n-e-w-industries-shares-story-about-changes-that-make-it-difficult-to-remain-fully-staffed/ Overseas Restrictions Limit J-1 Visa Arrivals: Door County Businesses Prepare For Workforce Shortage] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'', May 14, 2021</ref> [[File:MigrantWorkerHousingDoorCountyWisconsin.jpg|thumb|Guriyeynta shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta (Maarso, 2011-kii) Sababtoo ah qiimaha sare ee nolosha marka la barbardhigo dakhliga xadidan ee shaqooyin badan oo dalxiis-warshadeed ay bixiyaan, shaqaale ku meelgaar ah ayaa badanaa la shaqaaleeyaa, kuwa gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Shaqaaluhu waxay ka yimaadaan meelo fog fog sida Ukraine, <ref name="Reardon">[https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2511&context=all_dissertations Administrative Relationships, Agency Theory, and the Summer Work Travel Program: 2012–2013] waxaa qoray Mark Reardon, Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University, bogga 134 (143 ee pdf)</ref> Scandinavia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, ama South Africa.]] Sababtoo ah shaqaalaha ajaanibta ah ee lagu keenay Barnaamijka Safarka Shaqada Xagaaga mararka qaarkood waxaa la dejiyaa meel ka duwan halka ay ka shaqeeyaan, qaar baa ku dhammaaday baaskiil 10-15 mayl maalintii tan iyo markii ay ka maqnaayeen gawaarida isla markaana gobolku uu xaddidan yahay gaadiidka dadweynaha. <ref name="Reardon2">[https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2511&context=all_dissertations Administrative Relationships, Agency Theory, and the Summer Work Travel Program: 2012–2013] waxaa qoray Mark Reardon, Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University, bogga 134 (143 ee pdf)</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer, soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah ama kuwa aan sharciga lahayn ee ka shaqeeya warshadaha dalxiiska ayaa inta badan haysan rukhsad darawalnimo. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/building-bridges-between-cultures/ Building Bridges Between Cultures] waxaa qoray Gary Jones, ''Peninsula Pulse'', Febraayo 4, 2011</ref> Sannadkii 2012-kii, Garyaqaanka Degmada Door Ray Pelrine wuxuu yiri "shaqaalaha soogalootiga sharci darrada ah hadda waxaa lagu dhisay qaab dhismeedka ganacsiyo badan oo halkan ku yaal." <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-immigration-debate-and-why-it-matters-to-door-county-more-than-you-think/ The Immigration Debate – and Why it Matters to Door County More than You Think], waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr. ''Peninsula Pulse'', Luulyo 5, 2012</ref> === Hoos u dhaca dhalinyarada iyo guud ahaan dadka === Marka loo eego qiyaasta ACS, tirada dadka ka yar 18 sano ee degmada ayaa hoos uga dhacday 5,119 sanadkii 2010-kii ilaa 4,479 sanadka 2017-kii. <ref>[https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Door%20County&g=0500000US55029&hidePreview=false&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP5Y2017.DP05&vintage=2017&cid=DP05_0001E&layer=county&lastDisplayedRow=42 ACS 5-year estimate], Accessed Diisambar 12, 2019</ref> Sannadkii 2013, cilmi-baare ayaa saadaaliyay in marka la gaaro 2040, dadka ku nool degmada ay hoos u dhici doonaan 4.2%, boqolkiiba 10-ka ugu weyn ee hoos u dhaca dhammaan gobollada Wisconsin <ref>[https://doa.wi.gov/DIR/FinalProjs2040_Publication.pdf Wisconsin's Future Population Projections for the State, Its Counties and Municipalities, 2010–2040], waxaa qoray David Egan-Robertson, UW-Madison Applied Population Laboratory, Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Administration Demographic Services Center, Diisambar 2013, bogga 20 (bogga 24 ee pdf)</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2013 ilaa 2017, 36.8% ee 9,358 qoys ee degmada ku nool waxay kujireen caruurnimo, iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiyaasta 5 sano ee ACS, marka loo barbardhigo 44.2% ee Wisconsin sanadkii 2017, iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiyaasta hal sano ee ACS. <ref>[https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/door-county-families-structure-composition Door County Families: Structure and Composition], Livestories Statistics, compared to [https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/families-structure-composition Wisconsin Families: Structure and Composition], Livestories Statistics, accessed Sebtember 6, 2019</ref> Marka laga reebo barnaamijka dugsiga barbaarinta ee Sevastopol, dhammaan degmooyinka gobolku waxay arkeen hoos u dhigista diiwaangelinta laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa iyo 2019 ee heerarka dugsiga hoose, dhexe, iyo sare. <ref name="enrollment">2000-2019 enrollment figures come from the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics/archive#epr Program Statistics Archives, Wisconsin School Free/Reduced Eligibility Data] and the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics School Nutrition Program Statistics] reports for school level enrollment and participation data, except for Washington Island, which was missing for 2019. Instead, 2018 [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=d3297b44-3080-46bc-aaef-12d4905a0f81 WISEdash elementary] and [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=0e64588c-5e7f-40b9-aad5-7e81da9fe662 high school] statistics for Washington Island are used.</ref> Hoos u dhaca diiwaangelinta dugsiga sare <ref name="enrollment2">2000-2019 enrollment figures come from the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics/archive#epr Program Statistics Archives, Wisconsin School Free/Reduced Eligibility Data] and the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics School Nutrition Program Statistics] reports for school level enrollment and participation data, except for Washington Island, which was missing for 2019. Instead, 2018 [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=d3297b44-3080-46bc-aaef-12d4905a0f81 WISEdash elementary] and [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=0e64588c-5e7f-40b9-aad5-7e81da9fe662 high school] statistics for Washington Island are used.</ref> ayaa loo aaneynayaa yaraanta shaqaalaha xilliyada, waxaana loo aaneynayaa inay soo dedejisay ballaarinta barnaamijka fiisaha J-1. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/j-1-visa-program-growing-in-door-county/ J-1 Visa Program Growing in Door County] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'' May 4, 2018</ref> === Tirakoobka diinta === Tiro koobkii 2010-kii, koox diimeedkii ugu weynaa ee Door County waxay ahaayeen Katooligga, oo leh 9,325 oo qof kuwaaso raacsan oo ku cibaadeysta lix kaniisadood, waxaa ku xiga 2,982 qof oo ah ELCA Lutherans oo leh toddobo urur, 2,646 oo qof oo ah WELS Lutherans oo leh toddobo urur, 872 qof oo ah Moravians oo leh saddex jameeco, 834 qof oo ah United Methodists oo leh afar jameeco, 533 qof oo ah Masiixiyiin aan diin lahayn oo leh lix urur, 503 qof oo ah LCMS Lutherans oo leh laba urur, 283 qof oo ah LCMC Lutherans oo leh hal urur, 270 qof oo ah Converge Baptists oo leh seddex urur, 213 qof oo ah Episcopalians oo leh hal urur, 207 qof oo ah UCC Masiixiyiin ah oo leh hal urur, iyo 593 qof oo ah kuwa raacsan. Guud ahaan, 69.3% dadka waxaa loo tiriyey inay yihiin kuwo raacsan urur diimeed. <ref>[http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh County Membership Report: Door County (Wisconsin)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh |date=20200114062248 }}, The Association of Religion Data Archives</ref> Sannadkii 2014, Degmada Door waxay lahayd ururrada diimeed ee ugu tirada badan ee 719-aad qof kasta oo deggan oo ka mid ah dhammaan 3,141 degmooyin ee Mareykanka, iyadoo 34 urur diimeed ay ka jiraan gobolka. <ref name="PennState">[https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014] {{Wayback|url=https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 |date=20191231001016 }}, PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development</ref> == Sidoo Kale arag == * [[Hennepin County, Minnesota]] {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} [[Category:Ameerikada waqooyi]] [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] 7mw8a1k4l94fz1a9mjk3ly9qie7wecj 0 32792 298831 295930 2026-06-19T06:12:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name=Jiah Khan |image=Jiah Khan at Dheeraj Deshmukh & Honey Bhagnani's wedding reception.jpg |image_size=180px |caption= |birth_name=Nafisa Rizvi Khan |birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1988|02|20}} |birth_place=[[New York City]], [[New York]], Maraykanka |death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2013|06|3|1988|02|20}} |death_place=[[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], Hindiya |death_cause=[[Ismiidaamin]] |occupation=Atariisho |nationality=Boqortooyada Ingiriiska-Maraykanka |years_active=2007–2010|partner={{marriage|Sooraj Pancholi|2012|2013|end=dhimashada}} }} '''Nafisa Rizvi Khan''' (20 Febraayo 1988 - 3 June 2013), oo ku magac dheer '''Jiah Khan''', waxay ahayd atirisho Boqortooyada Ingiriiska-Maraykanka ah oo heesta kana shaqeeysa filimada Hindiga. Waxay kasoo muuqatay seddex filim Hindi ah sanadihii 2007 ilaa 2010.<ref>[http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200811261660.htm Jiah Khan all praise for Aamir] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200811261660.htm |date=20131106140401 }}. ''The Hindu''.</ref><ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jiah-kahn-new-name-nafisa-khan/1/224642.html "Jiah Khan now Nafisa Khan"]. ''India Today''.</ref> == Nolosha hore == Jiah Khan waxay ku dhalatay magaalada New York ee dalka Mareykanka waxaana dhalay Ali Rizvi Khan oo ah ganacsade Hindi Mareykan ah iyo Rabiya Amiin oo aheyd atariisho aflaanta Hindiga sameysay sanadihii 1980-meeyadii kana soo jeeda Agra, Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-22763342 "Bollywood actress Jiah Khan found dead in Mumbai"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110510111950/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/02/17/2268/index.html " "I'm not related by blood to Tahir Hussain's family. I'm not his daughter. I don't even know how Aamir Khan looks like" – Jiah Khan"]. ''Bollywood Hungama''.</ref> Khan aabihiis ayaa reerka ka tagay iyadoo 2 jir ah. Iyada oo sharraxaysa maqnaanshaha aabbeheed waxay tidhi "Nin gabadhiisa ka tegey markay ahayd laba jir, waa in lagu daldalaa meel fagaare ah".  Waxay leedahay laba gabdhood oo walaalo ah oo ka yar Kavita iyo Karishma.<ref name="hindustantimes1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606010907/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Failing-career-troubled-love-life-killed-25-year-old-Jiah-Khan/Article1-1071076.aspx "Failing career, troubled love life killed 25-year-old Jiah Khan?"]. ''Hindustan Times''. </ref> Abtiyaasheed aabeyaal waa atirishooyinka reer Pakistan Sangeeta (Parveen Rizvi) iyo Kaveeta (Nasreen Rizvi).<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/558721/bollywood-starlet-jiah-khan-found-dead/ "Bollywood starlet Jiah Khan found dead"]. ''The'' ''Express Tribune''.</ref> Khan waxay ku soo kortay magaalada [[London]] halkaas oo ay ku dhameysatay ka hor inta aysan u guurin Mumbai si ay xirfad ugu sii wadato [[Bollywood]].<ref name="BBC" /> Waxaa lagu dhiiri galiyay inay soo gasho Bollywoodka kadib markay daawatay filimka Urmila Matondkar ee ''Rangeela'' iyadoo lix sano jir ah.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130608092348/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/10-unknown-facts-about-jiah-khan-1370340124-slideshow/10-unknown-facts-about-jiah-khan-photo-245211067.html "10 unknown facts about Jiah Khan – 10 unknown facts about Jiah Khan – Yahoo! Movies India"].</ref><ref>[http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/interviews/jiah-khan-211106.html Bollywood | Jiah Khan | Interview | Nishabd] {{Wayback|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/interviews/jiah-khan-211106.html |date=20181225090442 }} Oneindia 21 November 2006</ref> Khan wuxuu wax ku bartay tiyaatarka Lee Strasberg iyo Machadka Filimada ee Manhattan, wayna ka tagtay markii ay heshay dalab filim.<ref>Krishnaveni, S (7 Maarso 2007). [http://gulfnews.com/sound-the-siren-1.165714 "Sound the siren"]. ''Gulf News''. </ref> == Shaqo == [[File:Jiah_Khan_at_Nokia_APP_party_02.jpg|left|thumb|248x248px|Khan markii la soo saaray [[Nokia|Nokia APP]] sanadkii 2010.]] Sanadkii 2004, isagoo 16 jir ah, Khan waxaa loo saxiixay inuu jilo Filimka Mukesh Bhatt ee ''Tumsa Nahin Dekha'' laakiin wuu ka laabtay markii ay iyada iyo agaasimaha labaduba dareemeen doorka inay aad ugu bislaatay iyada; markiiba waxaa lagu badalay Dia Mirza. Saddex sano ka dib, 2007, markay ahayd da'da 18,<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/from-nishabd-to-housefull-who-was-nafisa-jiah-khan-839055.html]. First Post.</ref> Khan wuxuu markiisii ​​ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday filimka muranka badan dhaliyay ee Ram Gopal Verma ee ''[[Nishabd]]'',<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iWlDAAAAYAAJ&q=Jiah+Khan India Today, Volume 31, Issues 13–25].</ref> halkaas oo ay ku jileysay ka soo horjeedka [[Amitabh Bachchan]]. In kasta oo ay ka kooban tahay filimka daandaansiga ah, hadana wuxuu si liidata ugu soo bandhigay xafiiska sanduuqa, wuxuuna ku kasbaday dib u eegis isku dhafan dhaleeceeyayaasha.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/05box.htm Nishabd is a total loss]. ''Rediff''.</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, Khan wuxuu helay soo dhaweyn badan oo wanaagsan oo ku saabsan waxqabadkeeda, iyada oo dadka dhaleeceeya ay xusayaan kalsoonideeda, dabeecadeeda, iyo rafcaanka galmada.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/mar/02nishabd.htm Nishabd is a powerful film]. ''Rediff''.</ref><ref>Adarsh, Taran. [http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/reviews/2007/nishabdreview020307.html "Nishabd – Review"] {{Wayback|url=http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/reviews/2007/nishabdreview020307.html |date=20131004215651 }}.</ref><ref>Masand, Rajeev. [http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-nishabd/ "Masand's Verdict: Nishabd"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-nishabd/ |date=20131004212614 }}.</ref> Waxaa sidoo kale loo sharaxay abaal marinta Filmfare doorkeeda taas oo ay ku weysay [[Deepika Padukone]] dhanka ''Om Shanti Om''.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/actress-jiah-khan-commits-suicide/1124791/ "Nishabd actress Jiah Khan commits suicide"]. ''The Indian Express''.</ref> [[File:Jiah_Khan_at_DJ_magazine_launch_06.jpg|thumb|Khan xaflad loogu talagalay majaladda DJ]] Sannadkii ku xigay, waxay ka soo muuqatay Aamir Khan iyo Asin filimku ''Ghajini''. Waxay la jileysay Sunita, oo ah ardayad caafimaadka barata oo baaraysa taariikhda Sanjay Singhania, oo uu ku matalay Aamir Khan. Filimku wuxuu soo aruuriyay qaddarin badan oo ka timid dadka naqdiya, wuxuuna sii waday inuu noqdo filimkii ugu badnaa ee soo xareeya Bollywood-ka sanadkii 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131014132123/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=215&catName=MjAwOA%3D%3D "Box Office 2008"]. ''Box Office India''.</ref> Bandhigga Khan wuxuu soo jiitay faallooyin kala duwan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Verma|first=Sukanya|title=Ghajini: A sleek album of dark memories|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/25ghajini-review-two.htm|publisher=Rediff|access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref><ref>Verma, Sukanya. [http://www.rediff.com/movies/2008/dec/25ghajini-review-two.htm "Ghajini: A sleek album of dark memories"]. ''Rediff''.</ref> Sanadkii 2010, Khan wuxuu ku dhawaaday inuu soo afjaro duubista filimka ''Chance Pe Dance'' oo uu la waday Shahid Kapoor markii Agaasime Ken Ghosh uu ka codsaday inay ka baxdo filimka waxaana lagu badalay Genelia D'Souza. Agaasime-ka ayaa sheegay in ay saaxiibtinimo xad dhaaf ah la yeelatay Kapoor isla markaana aysan si wanaagsan u gudanayn shaqadeeda, Si kastaba ha noqotee, markii la sii daayay filimka, Khan ayaa sheegtay in la weydiistay inay ka tagto maxaa yeelay agaasimaha ayaa isha xun ku hayay, Kapoor oo sii hadlaya ayaa sheegay inuusan gacan ku laheyn bedelka Khan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091106020341/http://www.starboxoffice.com/newsdetails.aspx?xfile=2009%2FSeptember%2FNews_20090909_47 "First Look: Chance Pe Dance"]. ''Star Box Office''.</ref> Sikastaba, Filimkan ayaa ahaa mid Boxoffice-ka fashilmay waxaana Khan uu sheegay inay ku faraxsantahay ka tagista filimka. Isla sanadkaas, Khan waxay sameysay filimkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee door taageero ah ''Housefull.'' Markii la siidaayay, ''Housefull'' waxay heshay dib u eegis taban, in kasta oo waxqabadkeedu si fiican loo helay.  Ganacsi ahaan filimku sifiican ayuu u shaqeeyay wuxuuna noqday filimka Bollywood-ka ee lacagaha ugu badan soo xareeyay sanadka.<ref>[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/Jiah+sulks+over+Yahoo/1/37029.html "Jiah sulks over Yahoo"]. ''India Today''.</ref><ref>Sood, Megha (5 Juun 2013). [http://www.indianexpress.com/news/actor-jiah-khan-25-kills-herself/1125220/ "Actor Jiah Khan, 25, kills herself"]. ''The Indian Express''.</ref> Khan wuxuu saxiixay dhowr filim oo ay ka mid tahay Aap Ka Saaya, kaas oo ay aheyd inuu ku jilo xaaska Ranbir Kapoor.  Nasiib darrose, filimkan lama dhammaystiri karin dhimashadeeda darteed.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160324082151/http://www.scoopwhoop.com/10-Bollywood-Actors-Who-Couldnt-Live-To-See-The-Fate-Of-Their-Movies "Bollywood actor's movies after demise- Scoopwhoop"].</ref> == Dhimasho == Khan ayaa la sheegay inuu dhintay ka dib markii ay is daldashay 3 Juun 2013, meel u dhaxeysay 11:00 pm ilaa 11:30 pm gurigeeda oo ku yaal Juhu, Mumbai.<ref>Lee, Chris (4 Junn 2013). [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-bollywood-star-jiah-khan-dead-suicide-20130604-story.html "Bollywood star Jiah Khan dead of apparent suicide"]. ''Los Angeles Times''.</ref> Her mother and sister were not at home at the time.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/jiah-khan-found-dead-in-mumbai-suicide-suspected/story-EjYt1EJnxwNyBZPC7UQpcO.html "Jiah Khan found dead in Mumbai; suicide suspected"]. ''Hindustan Times''.</ref> [[File:Jiah_Khan_at_Preview_of_'Baggit's_New_Collection.jpg|thumb|Khan oo ku sugan London sanadkii 2009.]] Baadhitaan ayaa lagu sameeyay cusbitaalka JJ ee magaalada Byculla.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/jiah-khan-was-planning-to-quit-movies-turn-interior-designer-375453?pfrom=home-movies "Jiah Khan was planning to quit movies, turn interior designer | NDTV Movies.com"]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Movies.ndtv.com''.</ref> Meydkeeda ayaa dib loogu soo celiyey hoygeeda agagaarka 7:00 am subaxnimo Arbacadii, 5 June 2013, kadib meydka.<ref name="indiatimes1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015256/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-06/news-interviews/39787497_1_jiah-khan-nafisa-khan-suicide "No messages found in Jiah's beau's phone"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> Isla maalintaas Namaz-e-janaza (salaadda janaasada) waxay ka dhacday Sonapur Kabar Walla Masjid waxaana lagu aasay qabuuraha Juhu Muslim kadib salaadii [[Salaada Duhur|Duhur]] ee salaadii Islaamka. Jilaayaasha Bollywoodka ee ka soo qeyb galay waxaa ka mid ahaa Aamir Khan, [[Kiran Rao]], Riteish Deshmukh, Siddharth Mallya, Sophie Choudry, Urvashi Dholakia, Prem Chopra, Ranjeet, Deepak Parashar, Sanjay Khan iyo Nagma.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130609070459/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-06/news-interviews/39765197_1_jiah-khan-juhu-last-journey "Jiah Khan laid to rest amidst tears"]. ''Times of India''.</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/06/201364513223510.html "Bollywood star commits suicide"]. Al Jazeera. </ref> 7-dii Juun 2013, waxaa gurigeeda laga helay warqad qoraal ah oo ka kooban lix bog oo ay gacanta ku qortay walaasheed, taasoo la sheegay inay u dirtay saaxiibkii Khan ee Sooraj Pancholi. Qoraalka ayaa lagu soo waramayaa inuu muujinayo in Khan qorsheynayay inuu soo afjaro nolosheeda. Qoraal ka hadlaya ilmo iska soo ridid ​​dhowaan ayey qoysku sii daayeen.<ref>[http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/jiah-khans-suicide-note-revealed-82440-2.html "Jiah Khan's Suicide Note Revealed | Page 2"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Jiah-Khans-letter-released-to-media-by-her-mother/articleshow/20517254.cms "Jiah Khan's letter released to media by her mother"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/global/2017/oct/01/death-in-bollywood-who-killed-jiah-khan-crime-murder-suicide-investigation "Death in Bollywood: who killed Jiah Khan?"]. ''The Guardian''. ISSN [[issn:0029-7712|0029-7712]]. </ref> 8 Juun 2013, Khan ayaa lagu qabtay Vile Parle Medical Club si loogu duceeyo Khan iyo qoyskeeda. Jilayaasha Bollywoodka ee ka soo qeyb galay waxaa ka mid ahaa Aamir Khan, [[Deepika Padukone]], Randhir Kapoor, Prateik Babbar, Sanjay Kapoor, Shweta Pandit, Kiran Rao, Urvashi Dholakia, Ranjeet, Deepak Parashar, Sanjay Khan iyo Nagma.<ref>[https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/gallery/jiah-khan-bollywood-star-found-1930442 "Jiah Khan: Bollywood star found dead by mother in Mumbai home"]. ''mirror.''</ref><ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/jiah-khan-death-funeral-pics-14739.html?page=5 "Jiah Khan's death anniversary: When Bollywood celebs were all moist-eyed (view pics)"]. ''indiatvnews.com''.</ref><ref>[https://www.glamsham.com/bollywood/news/nafisa-jiah-khans-funeral-held/ "Nafisa (Jiah) Khan's funeral held"]. ''Glamsham''.</ref> Pancholi, oo la nooleyd Khan, waxaa loo taxaabay xabsiga booliska inta lagu gudajiray baaritaanka ay ku sameysay inay is disho 10 Juun 2013.<ref>Singh, Vijay V (11 Juun 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130613053304/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-11/india/39898077_1_jiah-khan-rabiya-khan-son-suraj "Aditya Pancholi's son Suraj held for abetting Jiah Khan's suicide"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> Maxkamadda Sare ee Bombay waxay siisay dammaanad 2 Luuliyo 2013.<ref>[http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/1855914/report-hc-grants-suraj-pancholi-bail-downplays-jiah-khan-letter "HC grants Suraj Pancholi bail, downplays Jiah Khan letter"]. ''DNA''.</ref> 3dii Luuliyo 2014, sanad kadib dhimashadeeda, Xafiiska Dhexe ee Baarista (CBI) waxaa ku amartay Maxkamadda Sare inay sii baarto geerida.<ref>[http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/bombay-high-court-orders-cbi-to-probe-jiah-khan-death-case/ "Bombay High Court orders CBI to probe Jiah Khan Death Case"] {{Wayback|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/bombay-high-court-orders-cbi-to-probe-jiah-khan-death-case/ |date=20140707150108 }}. ''news.biharprabha.com''.</ref><ref>http://www.abplive.in/crime/2014/07/03/article355475.ece/Bombay-High-Court-orders-CBI-probe-into-Jiah-Khan-suicide-case#.U7VQBvmSzTo</ref> Maxkamadda Sare waxay qabatay dhegeysi arintan ku saabsan, laga bilaabo 7 Juun 2016, kadib baaqii Maxkamadda Sare ee ahaa in la dedejiyo hawsha.<ref>[http://www.abplive.in/india-news/bombay-hc-to-hear-jiah-khan-suicide-case-on-june-7-343527 "Bombay HC to hear Jiah Khan suicide case on June 7"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.abplive.in/india-news/bombay-hc-to-hear-jiah-khan-suicide-case-on-june-7-343527 |date=20170813105427 }}. ''ABP Live''.</ref> 1 Ogosto 2016 CBI-da ayaa meesha ka saartay dil kiiska.  Baadhitaannadeeda awgood, sababta dhimashadii Khan waxay ahayd 'is-dilid.<ref name="intoday.in">[http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jiah-khan-death-timeline-all-you-need-to-know/1/768933.html "Jiah Khans death has a new twist: Timeline of the events after her death"].</ref> Khan hooyadiis, Rabia, waxay si madaxbanaan u shaqaaleeysay khabiir ku takhasusay cilmi baarista british-ka Jason Payne-James, oo ku soo gabagabeeyey warbixinti 20 september 2016:<blockquote>"Khan laadlaadkiisa waa la dhigay waxaana calaamadaha wajigeeda iyo qoorteeda ka muuqaneysa inaysan aheyn is dil."<ref name="intoday.in" /><ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Jiah-Khans-hanging-staged-UK-expert/articleshow/54418518.cms "Jiah Khan's hanging staged: UK expert"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref></blockquote>Bishii Janaayo 2017 xeer ilaalintu waxay codsatay in dacwadaha la xiriira faraxumaynta galmada iyo dilka loo haysto Sooraj Pancholi.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Jiah-Khan-case-Why-sudden-demand-to-charge-Sooraj-with-rape/articleshow/52161274.cms "Jiah Khan case: 'Why sudden demand to charge Sooraj with rape?'"]. ''The Times of India''.</ref> 31-kii Janaayo 2018 maxkamad ku taal Mumbai ayaa Sooraj Pancholi ku soo oogtay inuu gacan ka geystay is-dilka Khan.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jan/31/jiah-khans-ex-partner-sooraj-pancholi-charged-over-death-of-bollywood-star "Jiah Khan's ex-partner Sooraj Pancholi charged over death of Bollywood star"].</ref><ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/sooraj-pancholi-charged-in-jiah-khan-suicide-father-aditya-pancholi-happy-to-start-real-fight/story-H4L0CNEmRflWzDmGUeFnfL.html "Sooraj Pancholi charged in Jiah Khan suicide: Father Aditya Pancholi 'happy' to start 'real fight'".]</ref> CBI waxay soo gudbisay liis ay ku qoran yihiin 69 markhaati, oo ay ku jirto Khan hooyadiis Rabia, oo cabanaysa, iyada oo kiisku bilaaban doono bisha Maarso 2018.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/trial-against-sooraj-pancholi-to-start-soon/ "Trial against Sooraj Pancholi to start soon"].</ref> == Filimada == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Sanadka !Filim !Doorka !Notes |- |2007 |''[[Nishabd]]'' |Jiah |Magacaabay— Abaalmarinta Filmfare Sidoo kale heesaha loogu talagalay heesta "Take Lite" |- |2008 |''Ghajini'' |Sunita | |- |2010 |''Housefull'' |Devika K. Samtani | |} == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Hindiga]] thufnphcr0plyp6h97lcabnwk8hzigq 0 32902 298860 214125 2026-06-19T10:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sung Yu-ri|image=190510 성유리 (1).jpg|caption=Sung ee 2019|birth_date={{birth date and age|1981|3|3|}}|birth_place=Tübingen, [[Jarmalka|Galbeedka Jarmalka]]|nationality=[[Koonfur Kuuriya]]<ref>Jarmalku wuxuu kaliya u aqoonsadaa jinsiyada qowmiyadeed, sidaa darteed iyadu ma qabato dhalashada Jarmalka.</ref>|education=Jaamacadda Kyung Hee|occupation=Fanaan<br>atariisho|years_active=1998&ndash;hada|spouse={{marriage|Ahn Sung-hyun|2017}}|agent=SL Entertainment|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes |years_active = |label = [[DSP Media]] |Instrument = Cof |genre = Pop |associated_acts = [[Fin.K.L]] |module = }}}} '''Sung Yu-ri''' (wuxuu dhashay 3-da Maarso 1981) waa atariisho iyo fanaan Koonfur Kuuriya. Waxay kulankeedii ugu horreeyay ka dhigtay 1998 iyadoo xubin ka ah kooxda [[Fin.K.L]]. Sung wuxuu u jeestay jilitaanka 2002, isagoo atariisho taxanaha telefishanka sida ''Thousand Years of Love'' (2003), ''The Snow Queen'' (2006), ''Hong Gil-dong'' (2008), and ''Feast of the Gods'' (2010). == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Sung wuxuu ku dhashay Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Galbeedka Jarmalka 1981.  Aabaheed Sung Jong-hyun, oo ah borofisar caan ka ah cilmiga diinta ee Kulliyadda Presbyterian iyo Seminary Theological, ayaa xilligaas wax ku baranayay Galbeedka Jarmalka. Qoyska Sung waxay ku laabteen Kuuriyada Koonfureed markii ay afar jirka ahayd waxayna ku soo kortay degmada Gangdong, Seoul. Waxay tagtay Myung Elementary and Middle School, Kwang Nam High School waxayna ka qalin jabisay Jaamacadda Kyung Hee 2005. == Nolosha shaqsiga ah == Sung wuxuu guursaday Ahn Sung-hyun bishii May 2017 xaflad gaar ah. Waxay wada socdeen xiriir afar sano ah umana aysan shaacinin guurkooda ilaa xaflada kadib.<ref>[http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3033457 "Fin.K.L member reveals marriage"] {{Wayback|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3033457 |date=20190214002617 }}. ''Korea JoongAng Daily''.</ref><ref>[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/05/17/2017051701008.html "Actress Sung Yu-ri Ties the Knot with Pro Golfer"]. ''The Chosun Ilbo''.</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya dadka]] [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Atariishayasha telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop]] nbuo3vcgl5gg4d5brex40dzlmk33exo 0 32904 298838 295741 2026-06-19T07:08:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Lee Hyo-ri|image=(Marie Claire Korea) Feel The Soul - 이효리 (4).jpg|caption=Lee Hyori ee 2017 ''[[Marie Claire|Marie Claire Korea]]''|native_name=이효리|birth_name=Lee Hyo-ri|birth_date={{birth date and age|1979|5|10}}<ref>Mark Russell. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=etDZAwAAQBAJ K-Pop Now!: The Korean Music Revolution]''. Tuttle Publishing. p. 118. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-1-4629-1411-1|<bdi>978-1-4629-1411-1</bdi>]].</ref>|birth_place=Gobolka Cheongwon, Waqooyiga Chungcheong, Koonfur Kuuriya|other_names={{hlist|Linda.G|Lee Chun Ok}}|occupation=Heesaa<br>soo saare<br>firfircoon<br>atariisho<br>soo jeediyaha telefishanka|spouse={{marriage|Lee Sang-soon|2013}}|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = [[K-pop]] | instrument = Cod | years_active = 1998–hada | label = [[DSP Media|DSP]] | associated_acts = [[Fin.K.L]]<br>[[SSAK3]]<br> [[Refund Sisters]] }}}} '''Lee Hyo-ri''' (born Maajo 10, 1979) waa heesaa Koonfur Kuuriya, soo saare, firfircoon, atariisho iyo soo jeediyaha telefishanka. Loogu magac daray "Qiso Qarniga"<ref>[https://www.koreaboo.com/lists/korean-idols-actors-national-titles/ "15+ Korean Celebrities You Probably Didn't Know Have A National Title - Koreaboo"].</ref><ref>[https://lovekpop95.com/2021/04/01/korean-celebrities-national-title/ "12 Popular Korean Celebrities Who Have A National Title - LOVEKPOP95"].</ref><ref>[https://koreanallday.com/2020/11/04/23-korean-actors-who-are-crowned-with-national-titles-in-korea/ 23 Korean Actors Who Are Crowned With National Titles In Korea - Korean All Day] {{Wayback|url=https://koreanallday.com/2020/11/04/23-korean-actors-who-are-crowned-with-national-titles-in-korea/ |date=20210710221152 }}.</ref><ref>https://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/293471/20200616/k-pop-groups-idols-who-given-national-titles-koreans-represent.htm</ref><ref>https://www.fanpop.com/clubs/lee-hyori/articles/67172/title/lee-hyori-reveals-yoo-jae-suk-shows-great-interest-female-entertainers-bodies</ref><ref>[https://www.readersnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=95005 "이효리의 '근자감'은 왜 가슴을 때릴까? - 독서신문"].</ref> intii ay ka muuqatay ''Family Outing''. Waxay ka soo muuqatay xubin ka mid ah kooxda gabdhaha ee Fin.K.L waxayna markii dambe bilawday duubista heesaheeda. Sannadkii 2003, waxay soo saartay albumkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ''[[Stylish]]'' oo ku guulaystay abaalmarinno badan. Sanadkii 2006, Lee waxay ahayd haweeneyda ugu mushaarka badan Koonfur Kuuriya markii ay qandaraas la saxiixatay Mnet Media. == Nolosha hore iyo shaqo == === [[1979]]–[[1997]]: Nolosha hore === Lee wuxuu dhashay sanadkii 1979 wuxuuna ku dhashay Osong-ri, Degmada Cheongwon, Waqooyiga Chungcheong isagoo ugu yar seddex gabdhood.<ref>''충청투데이''. 2012-06-10 [http://www.cctoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=704770 <nowiki>[충청도 출신 연예인들]고향의 이름으로 '별'이 되다</nowiki>]. Soo qaatay 2021-07-11.</ref><ref>''Review Star''. 2012-04-16 [https://web.archive.org/web/20140513011712/http://reviewstar.hankooki.com/Article/ArticleView.php?WEB_GSNO=10035556 "이효리 어린 시절, "화장실 없는 8평 이발소에서 생활했다" "]. Waxa laga kaydiyay [http://reviewstar.hankooki.com/Article/ArticleView.php?WEB_GSNO=10035556 asalka ah] 2014-05-13. Soo qaatay 2021-07-11.</ref> Kadib markii laga eryay dugsiga dhexe hal mar,<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2012-04-17|title=이효리, 중학생 시절 '이전퇴학' 당했다 "노래방 때문에…"|url=http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=201204170927373&sec_id=540201|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426073549/http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=201204170927373&sec_id=540201|archive-date=2021-04-26|access-date=2021-04-26|website=[[Kyunghyang Shinmun|Sports Kyunghyang]]|language=ko}}</ref> Lee wuxuu ka shaqeeyey waqti-dhiman maqaaxi waxaana indha indheeyay hay'ad waxaana jiiday maareeyaha kooxda H.O.T.<ref>[http://www.fnnews.com/news/201206150842453878 "아르바이트하다 파출소까지 간 연예인은?"]. Soo qaatay 2021-07-11.</ref> Waxay u diyaar garowday koox koox ah markii ay ku nooleyd tababarida SM Entertainment ka hor inta aysan ugu dambeyntii ka soo bixin xubin ka mid ah [[Fin.K.L]].<ref>https://music.bugs.co.kr/artist/2907?wl_ref=list_tr_10_mab</ref><ref>[https://1boon.kakao.com/maxim/2733 핑클이 다시 뭉친다고...? 멤버들 미쳤던 리즈시절 모아봄.zip | 1boon.]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Afraad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.huffingtonpost.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=110204/ Huffington Post]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref><ref>[https://www.hankyung.com/article/2019050307937 원조 걸그룹 핑클 예능서 재결합…성유리 혼자 아닌 넷 | 한경닷컴 - 한국경제] {{Wayback|url=https://www.hankyung.com/article/2019050307937 |date=20250617124800 }}.</ref><ref>[http://www.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2019/09/16/2019091600218.html 핑클 21주년 기념 콘서트, 팬미팅 공연으로 대체? | Save Internet 뉴데일리].</ref> === [[1998]]–[[2002]]: Bilaabashada shaqooyinka Fin.K.L === {{main|Fin.K.L}}Lee waxay bilaabay shaqadeeda iyada oo qayb ka ah kooxda gabdhaha ee Fin.K.L. Maadaama ay tahay curadka, iyadu waxay ahayd hoggaamiyaha kooxda.  Lee waxaa la helay isagoo sawirro dhejis ah la qaadanaya asxaabteeda wuxuuna ahaa xubintii ugu dambeysay ee ku biira Fin.K.L, wax yar uun ka hor kulankoodii ugu horreeyay ee Janaayo 1998. Fin.K.L waxay si rasmi ah ugu soo shaac baxday 22-kii Maajo 1998-kii heesteedii "Blue Rain" Bbbb Markii labaad oo laga sii daayay albumkoodii ugu horreeyay, ee loo yaqaan ''To My Boyfriend'', ayaa noqotay midkii ugu horreeyay ee muusiggoodii guusha gaadhay. Fin.K.L waxay noqotay mid kamid ah kooxaha ugu caansan uguna guusha badan Kuuriyada Koofureed abidkeed, waxay la tartamaysay kooxda gabdhaha caanka ah ee loo yaqaan [[S.E.S]].<ref>[https://www.hellokpop.com/featured/k-pop-debut-look-back-fin-k-l/ "K-pop Debut Look Back: How Fin.K.L Become K-pop Pioneers With An "Eternal Love"]. ''Hellokpop''.</ref><ref>https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?lang=e&menu_cate=artist&id=&board_seq=362415</ref> === [[2003]]–[[2005]]: ''Stylish...E'' === {{Main|Stylish...E}}Sannad kadib markii albumki afraad ee Fin.K.L ''Forever'', albumkeedii ugu horreeyay ee keli ah<ref>[https://www.last.fm/music/%EC%9D%B4%ED%9A%A8%EB%A6%AC/Stylish...E "Stylish...E — 이효리 | Last.fm"].</ref> ayaa la sii daayay bishii Ogos 2003, oo loogu magac daray ''[[Stylish...E]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://mnet.com/album/20620 |access-date=2021-07-10 |archive-date=2019-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806190418/http://www.mnet.com/album/20620 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.discogs.com/Lee-Hyori-Stylish/release/9617671</ref><ref>https://www.generasia.com/wiki/Stylish...E_Hyolee</ref> Heesta hogaaminta ee "10 Minutes" ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah heesteeda guuleysatay waxayna ku sigatay inay xaaqdo "Daesangs", oo ah abaalmarinta ugu caansan ee muusikada Kuuriyada Koonfureed, iyadoo ku guuleysatay in ka badan toddobo ka mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan seddex ka mid ah afarta ugu caansan Daesangs.<ref>https://www.allkpop.com/article/2020/12/kim-jong-kook-joins-lee-hyori-as-the-only-people-in-history-to-have-a-daesang-grand-prize-in-both-music-and-entertainment</ref><ref>https://www.kpopreporter.com/articles/3287/kim-jong-kook-joins-lee-hyori-daesang-hall-fame-both</ref> ''Stylish...E'' waxaa lagu iibiyay 144,182 nuqul Koonfurta Kuuriya oo keliya, sida laga soo xigtay Ururka Warshadaha Muusikada ee Kuuriya 2003.<ref name="miak">{{cite web|title=Music Industry Association of Korea – February 2004|work=Music Industry Association of Korea|url=http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_2003_2h.htm|access-date=January 16, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619070252/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_2003_2h.htm|archive-date=June 19, 2008}}</ref> Caan ku ahaanshaheeda howlaheeda kala duwan ayaa ugu dambeyntii loogu magac daray "Cudurka Hyori" ee Kuuriyada Koofureed, Warbaahinta Kuuriya waxaa lagu naanaysi jiray 2003 "Sanadka Hyori" maadaama ay dhif iyo naadir ka ahayd wararka sanadka oo dhan.<ref name="kpm">{{cite web|title=Lee Hyori Not performing in 2004|work=KPop Music News|url=http://www.kpopmusic.co.uk/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=14&mode=&order=0&thold=0|access-date=April 24, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040120164659/http://www.kpopmusic.co.uk/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=14&mode=&order=0&thold=0|archive-date=January 20, 2004|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Janaayo [[2005]], Lee waxay marki ugu horreysay ka soo muuqatay taxanaha telefishanka [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] ''Three Leaf Clover'', oo ay jilayaan Ryu Jin, Kim Jung-hwa, Kim Kang-woo, iyo Lee Hoon.  Si kastaba ha noqotee, 16-dhacdo ayaa heshay qiimeyn hoose (in kayar 10%) waxaana Lee lagu dhaleeceeyay ficilkeeda, iyadoo daawadayaashu ay sheegeen in si qaldan loo beeniyay iyada oo ah shaqaale hoos udhacay laakiin farxad leh.<ref>{{cite web|last=Moon|first=Iris|title=Job, household chores subject of 'real' dramas|url=http://www.hancinema.net/job-household-chores-subject-of-real-dramas-2513.html|work=[[The Korea Herald]] via [[Hancinema]]|date=March 28, 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Singers-Turned-Actors: the Best and the Worst|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/12/02/2006120261002.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=December 2, 2006}}</ref> 8 Ogosto, 2005, waxay si wadajir ah u martigelisay Sannadlaha Muusikada Kuuriya. === [[2006]]–[[2007]]: Saxeexida Mnet iyo ''Dark Angel'' === [[File:Lee_Hyori_at_SBS_Inkigayo_in_2007_08.jpg|thumb|Lee oo qabanaya, Ogosto 2007]] Bishii Febraayo 2006, Lee waxay soo saartay albumkeedii labaad, ''[[Dark Angel]]''. Heesta ugu horreysa, "Get Ya!", Waxaa lagu eedeeyay in ay khayaamaysay qorayaasha heesta [[Britney Spears]] 'heesta "Do Somethin'".<ref>{{cite news|title=Britney Songwriters Complain of Lee Hyo-lee 'Plagiarism'|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/03/23/2006032361021.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=March 23, 2006}}</ref> Waxaa la soo wariyay in Lee uu qandaraas seddex sano ah la saxiixday Mnet Entertainment (oo hada ah Stone Music Entertainment) ₩2.2,<ref name="chosun2">{{cite web|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|title=Pop Star Prepped for Better Year|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/01/16/2007011661012.html|date=January 16, 2007}}</ref> noqoshada haweeneyda ugu mushaarka badan Koonfur Kuuriya (qiyaastii US $ 2.2 milyan sanadkii).<ref name="chosun3">{{cite web|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|title=Lee Hyo-ri Becomes Highest Paid Female Singer|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/11/09/2006110961011.html|date=November 9, 2006}}</ref> Inkasta oo ay ku fashilantay taxanaheedii hore ''Three Leaf Clover'', sanadkii 2007, Lee wuxuu jilay ka soo horjeedka Lee Dong-gun ee taxanaha ''If in Love... Like Them''.<ref name="chosun4">{{cite web|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|title=Is Sexy Girl Lee Hyo-lee Facing an Image Crisis?|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/01/02/2007010261004.html|date=January 2, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Han|first=Eun-jung|title=Once Bitten but Not Twice Shy|url=http://www.hancinema.net/once-bitten-but-not-twice-shy-8092.html|work=[[The Korea Times]] via [[Hancinema]]|date=December 18, 2006}}</ref> In kasta oo markii hore lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay hal dhacdo oo keliya, waxaa laga sii daayay afar qaybood oo ku saabsan [[Mnet]].  Nooc laba qaybood ah oo taxane ah oo tifaftiran ayaa sidoo kale ku socday SBS. Intii lagu jiray duubista filimka, qayb ka mid ah saqafka sare Lee ayaa dul taagnaa oo dumay. Kaliya cagteeda ayaa ku dhacday, laakiin sida lagu soo warramay dhicitaanka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu dhinto haddii Lee Dong-gun uusan badbaadin lahayn. Bishii Febraayo 2007, Lee waxay ku dhawaaqday heesteeda cusub taas oo asal ahaan u noqon laheyd heesha ''If in Love... Like Them''. Waxay si toos ah ugu soo bandhigtay Inkigayo sedexdii heesood ee ugu waaweynaa Febraayo 25, 2007. Heesta hogaamintu waxay ahayd "Toc Toc Toc" ({{ko-hhrm|톡톡톡||Toktoktok}}). In kasta oo hal-abuurka uu yahay R&B, Lee wuxuu bilaabay inuu heeso balladh badan ka dib, isagoo si tartiib ah uga fogaanaya muuqaalkeedii "galmada" .<ref name="chosun4" /><ref name="miak2">{{cite web|title=Music Industry Association of Korea – March 2007|work=Music Industry Association of Korea|url=http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200703.htm|access-date=April 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708225146/http://www.miak.or.kr/stat/kpop_200703.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archive-date=July 8, 2007}}</ref> In kasta oo heesaheeda ay ganacsi ahaan guuleysteen, haddana taxanaheeda waxaa si weyn loogu ciqaabay jebinta tilmaamaha xayeysiinta, sida ''If in Love... Like Them.'' Guddiga baahinta Kuuriya ayaa xukumay in riwaayadda aan laga sii deynin Kuuriyada Koofureed markale, shabakadduna waa inay raaligelin siisaa daawadayaasheeda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=5613|title=페이지를 찾을 수 없습니다.|website=world.kbs.co.kr|access-date=June 28, 2007|archive-date=May 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508102444/http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=5613|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee sidoo kale wuxuu dalacsiin ka sameeyay Japan markii shabakada Jabbaan ee Fuji TV la sii daayay ''If in Love... Like Them''.<ref name="chosun1">{{cite web|title=Star Lee Hyo-ri Stirring Interest in Japan|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/04/16/2007041661009.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=April 16, 2007}}</ref> Taxanaha waxaa laga sii daayay CS Fuji, kanaal yar oo dayax gacmeed ah oo Fuji TV lahaa.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Lee Hyo-ri Says Secret Weapon is 'Sex Appeal'|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/06/05/2007060561011.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=June 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fujitv.co.jp/cs/program/7212_177.html|title=CS Fuji}}</ref> === [[2008]]–[[2009]]: ''It's Hyorish'' === Intii ay ka rawaxday shaqadeeda, Lee waxay kaloo martigelisay barnaamijyo telefishan oo kala duwan, oo ay ka mid yihiin ''Time Machine'' and ''Happy Together.'' Bishii Abriil 8, 2008, waxay ku biirtay [[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]] ''Sang Sang Plus.''<ref>[http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_musicnews_detail.htm?No=7326 ''Roundtable Plus'' Welcomes New Host E Hyo-lee] {{Wayback|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_musicnews_detail.htm?No=7326|date=20210709190714}}. ''[[KBS World]]''. March 26, 2008.</ref> Waxay ka mid ahayd asal ahaan kuwii wada-hawlgalayaasha ahaa ee ''Change'', ka hor intaysan tagin horaantii Luuliyo. Iyadu sidoo kale waa xubin hore oo jilaa ah oo ka tirsan ''Family Outing'', oo ka soo muuqday xilli-ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay oo keliya. Bishii Diseembar 20, [[2008]], Lee waxay qabatay barnaamijkeedii ugu horreeyay ee Lee ''Hyori the Invincible''. Marka la sii daayo, tikidhada ayaa lagu iibiyey shan daqiiqo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Hyo-ri's First Solo Gig Sells Out in 5 Minutes|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2008/11/08/2008110861001.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=November 8, 2008}}</ref> Albamkeedii saddexaad ee istuudiyaha, ''[[It's Hyorish]]'', waxaa la sii daayay July 14, 2008. "U-Go-Girl", oo ah heestii ugu horreysay ee ka socota albumka, ayaa ka muuqatay lambar 1 khariidadaha internetka iyo khadadka, oo ay ku jiraan muusikada telefishanka ee kala duwan. Bishii Nofeembar 2009, qandaraaskeedii Mnet Media ayaa lagu waday inuu dhaco.  Lee wuxuu qorsheynayay inuu qandaraas la saxiixdo Gil Entertainment (oo hadda ah B2M Entertainment) oo uu la shaqeeyo Gil Jong-hwa, oo ah maamuleha Fin.K.L oo la shaqeynayay kooxda tan iyo markii ugu horeysay.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:이효리, 핑클 시절 매니저와 재결합...억대 러브콜 거절 본문 뉴스 본문 이효리, 핑클 시절 매니저와 재결합...억대 러브콜 거절|trans-title=Lee, Work again with Fin.K.L's co-manager|url=http://media.daum.net/entertain/newsview?cateid=1032&newsid=20090926113141870|work=[[Daum Communications|Daum]]|language=ko|date=September 26, 2009}}</ref> Si kastaba ha noqotee, albumkeedii 2010 waxaa lagu sii daayay Mnet Media.<ref>[http://www.yesasia.com/global/lee-hyo-ri-vol-4-h-logic/1022456727-0-0-0-en/info.html "H-Logic"]. ''[[YesAsia]]''. Retrieved September 2, 2013.</ref> === [[2010]]–[[2015]]: ''H-Logic'', Muranka xatooyada albumka iyo ''Monochrome'' === {{Main|H-Logic|Monochrome }} [[File:Lee_Hyori_from_acrofan.jpg|thumb|Lee, [[2012]]]] Ku dhowaad laba sano ka dib albumkeedii hore, Lee wuxuu la soo noqday ''[[H-Logic]]'' Abriil 12, 2010. Albaabku wuxuu leeyahay 14 heesood, oo ay ku jiraan iskaashiyo ka yimaada fannaaniinta kale ee K-pop-ka. Fanaanada ayaa sidoo kale la shaqeysay E-Tribe, kooxdii ka dambeysay "U-Go-Girl", oo ah hogaamiyaha kali albumkeedii hore. Wax yar ka dib markii la sii daayay albumka H-Logic, toddobo heesood oo ka mid ah heesihiisa, oo ay curisay Bahnus, ayaa lagu eedeeyay khayaano (ka mid ah heesaha la sheegay in la khalday waxaa ka mid ahaa "Bring It Back", oo ay sameeyeen koox gabdho Kanada ah oo la yiraahdo Cookie Couture). Bishii Juun 21, [[2010]], Lee waxay qirtay in eedaha xatooyada ah ee loo haysto albumkeeda ay run yihiin, iyagoo leh "waa la khiyaaneeyey";  waxay si ku-meel-gaadh ah u joojisay dhammaan dhaqdhaqaaqyadeedii gabay iyadoo joojisay muuqaaladeedii telefishanka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lee Hyori admits plagiarism|newspaper=[[The Korea Times]]|date=June 20, 2010|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2010/06/201_67985.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Hyo-ri Admits New Songs Were Plagiarized|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/06/21/2010062100869.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lee Hyo-ri suspends TV appearances|newspaper=[[The Korea Times]]|date=July 8, 2010|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2010/07/135_69095.html}}</ref> Intii uu hakadka ku jiray, Lee wuxuu bilaabay inuu u koro sidii saameyn dhaqan. Waxay qortay tiirar khadka tooska ah loogu qoro joornaalada afka hooyo ku hadla sida The Hankyoreh oo iskudarsaday fikradeeda nolosha iyo shaqadeeda faallooyinka bulshada, waxaana sifiican loogu eegay qormooyinkeeda fudud, kaftanka iyo sirdoonka.<ref name="alternative">{{cite web|last=Baek|first=Byung-yeul|title=Alternative to Psy: Lee Hyo-ri is Miss Korea in new album|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2013/08/143_135220.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|access-date=May 6, 2013|date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> Waxay sidoo kale noqotay mid kusii kordheysa bulshada rayidka ah, iyada oo kusoo baxday mid kamid ah dadka ugu caansan dalka ee u ololeeya xuquuqda xayawaanka. Sannadkii 2011, Lee wuxuu sii daayay laba heesood oo samafal ah oo loogu deeqay xuquuqda xayawaanka, "Please Stay Behind" ({{ko-hhrm|남아 주세요||Nama Juseyo}}) iyo "Remember" ({{ko-hhrm|기억해||Gieokhae}}). Laga bilaabo Maarso 4, 2012, iyada iyo Jung Jae-hyung ayaa martigaliyay bandhigga muusigga ''Jung Jae-hyung & Lee Hyo-ri's You and I'' ee SBS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012012013531204233|title=Lee Hyori, Jung Jae-hyung to host new music show|work=10Asia|last=Han|first=Yeo-wool|date=January 20, 2012}}</ref> Bandhigu wuxuu soo daayay qaybtiisii ​​ugu dambaysay Oktoobar 14, 2012, oo soo afjaray tobankii bilood ee uu socday qiimeyn hoose.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201210101516331410|script-title=ko:'유앤아이' 폐지 8개월만 막내린다..14일 마지막 방송|date=October 10, 2012|work=Newsen|language=ko}}</ref> Ka dib soo laabashadeeda dib ayaa loo riixay dhowr jeer 2012 oo dhan, waxaa la shaaciyey in Lee ay masraxa kula laaban doonto albamkeedii shanaad bishii Maajo 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kim|first=Hyeong-woo|script-title=ko:'퀸' 이효리 5월 컴백 순항 3년만의 귀환 "타이틀곡 막바지 작업"|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201303110758260810|newspaper=Newsen|date=March 11, 2013|language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Racy Teasers Whet Appetites for Lee Hyo-ri's New Album|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/24/2013042400636.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=April 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Suh|first=Hye-rim|title=Lee Hyo-ri unveils video teaser for new song ''Miss Korea''|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130502000768|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=May 2, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jin|first=Eun-soo|title=Lee Hyori to be the next ''Miss Korea'' in new video|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130502000809|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=May 2, 2013}}</ref> Bishii Meey 6, 2013, waxay soo saartay heesteedii sii-deynta ee albumka, oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "Miss Korea" ({{ko-hhrm|미스코리아||Miseukoria}}). Fiidiyowga muusigga oo buuxa oo la sii daayay isla maalintaas wuxuu ahaa fiidiyow madow iyo caddaan ah.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson|first=Julie|title=Lee Hyori's ''Miss Korea'' dominates charts|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130507000753|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=May 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/12/lee-hyori-to-recruit-non-celebrity-miss-koreas-for-her-stage-at-the-2013-sbs-gayo-daejun|title=Lee Hyori to recruit non-celebrity 'Miss Korea's for her stage at the '2013 SBS Gayo Daejun' - allkpop.com}}</ref> Albumkeedii shanaad, Monochrome, waxaa la sii daayay 21-kii Maajo, [[2013]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Suh|first=Hye-rim|title=Lee Hyori unveils ''Monochrome'' album image|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130509000653|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=May 9, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jackson|first=Julie|title=Lee Hyori's ''Monochrome'' sweeps charts|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130522000654|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=May 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:이효리 배드걸, 섹시한 미스코리아급 화보!|trans-title=Lee Hyori, bad girl, sexy and like Miss Korea|url=http://www.etnews.com/news/home_mobile/life/2770248_2569.html|work=Etnews.com|date=May 21, 2013|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|script-title=ko:인기가요 이효리 "'미스코리아' 작사 하루만에 완성"|trans-title=Lee Hyori, completed the lyrics in one day|url=http://star.mk.co.kr/v2/view.php?mc&year=2013&no=406690|work=StarMk.co.kr|date=May 26, 2013|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://seoulbeats.com/2013/12/a-star-studded-affair-2013-sbs-gayo-daejun/|title=A Star-Studded Affair: 2013 SBS Gayo Daejun|date=December 30, 2013|access-date=Bisha Todobaad 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803152544/http://seoulbeats.com/2013/12/a-star-studded-affair-2013-sbs-gayo-daejun/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2, [[2014]], SBS waxay ku dhawaaqday iyada iyo atariishada Moon So-ri inay qaban doonaan barnaamij hadal ah ''Magic Eye''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soompi.com/2014/04/02/lee-hyori-and-moon-so-ri-partner-up-to-host-new-variety-program/#.Uz31elfli3I|title=Lee Hyori and Moon So Ri Partner Up to Host New Variety Program|work=Soompi|author=lellie|date=April 3, 2014|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Todobaad 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912224711/http://www.soompi.com/2014/04/02/lee-hyori-and-moon-so-ri-partner-up-to-host-new-variety-program/#.Uz31elfli3I|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bandhigu wuxuu bilaabay duubista bishii Abriil. Qiimeyn hoose awgeed, show-ga waxaa lasii daayay qeybtiisii ​​ugu dambeysay November 18, 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.osen.co.kr/article/G1109994912|script-title=ko:'매직아이' 내달 18일 종영|date=October 30, 2014|publisher=OSEN|access-date=November 2, 2014|language=ko}}</ref> === [[2015]]–[[2017]]: ''Black'' === Bishii Febraayo 2015, wakiilada Lee waxay ku dhawaaqday in qandaraaskeedii B2M Entertainment uu dhacay 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2015/02/lee-hyori-maintains-ties-with-b2m-entertainment-despite-their-expired-contract|title=Lee Hyori maintains ties with B2M Entertainment despite their expired contract {{!}} allkpop.com|work=allkpop|access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> Bishii Maajo 2015, Lee waxay ku dhawaaqday inay xidhay boggeeda iyo sidoo kale xisaabteeda [[Twitter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soompi.com/2014/04/02/lee-hyori-and-moon-so-ri-partner-up-to-host-new-variety-program/#.Uz31elfli3I|title=Lee Hyori Shuts Down All Her Social Media Accounts|work=Soompi|date=May 31, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Todobaad 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912224711/http://www.soompi.com/2014/04/02/lee-hyori-and-moon-so-ri-partner-up-to-host-new-variety-program/#.Uz31elfli3I|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Xiritaanka baraha bulshada, waxay joojisay dhammaan howlihii telefishanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimesus.com/lee-hyori-pulls-plug-on-tv-career/|title=Lee Hyori pulls plug on TV career|work=The Korea Times|date=October 1, 2015|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Todobaad 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926232756/http://www.koreatimesus.com/lee-hyori-pulls-plug-on-tv-career/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Oktoobar ee sanadkaas, wakiilka Lee wuxuu u sheegay warbaahinta in ay qaadan doonto hakad 2-sano ah oo ka socda shaqadeeda madadaalada, "si ay waqti ugu hesho nafteeda."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2015/10/lee-hyori-to-take-a-hiatus-from-celebrity-activities-for-2-or-more-years|title=Lee Hyori to take a hiatus from celebrity activities for 2 or more years - allkpop.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimesus.com/lee-hyori-pulls-plug-on-tv-career/|title=Lee Hyori pulls plug on TV career – The Korea Times|website=www.koreatimesus.com|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2021-07-09|archive-date=2020-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926232756/http://www.koreatimesus.com/lee-hyori-pulls-plug-on-tv-career/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Oktoobar [[2016]], Lee wuxuu ka dhawaajiyay inuu ka shaqeynayo muusig cusub.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/109374/lee-hyori-reveals-that-she-is-preparing-a-new-album-all-kpop-news|title=Lee Hyori Reveals That She is Preparing a New Album|work=MWave|date=October 22, 2016|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=July 9, 2021|archive-date=March 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329224229/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/109374/lee-hyori-reveals-that-she-is-preparing-a-new-album-all-kpop-news|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Nofeembar, waxaa la xaqiijiyay in Lee uu la saxiixday Kiwi Media Group oo leh album cusub oo ku eg 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2016/11/23/lee-hyori-signs-contract-new-agency-reveals-plans-comeback/|title=Lee Hyori Signs Contract With New Agency And Reveals Plans For Comeback|work=Soompi|date=November 23, 2016|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Todobaad 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071551/https://www.soompi.com/2016/11/23/lee-hyori-signs-contract-new-agency-reveals-plans-comeback/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20161124000349|title=Lee Hyori to make comeback next year|work=The Korea Hearld|date=November 24, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Diseembar, Lee wuxuu dib ugu soo laabtay warbaahinta bulshada isaga oo ku daabacay barta Instagram.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2016/12/15/lee-hyori-returns-social-media-ahead-upcoming-comeback/|title=Lee Hyori Returns To Social Media Ahead Of Upcoming Comeback|work=Soompi|date=December 14, 2016|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=Bisha Todobaad 9, 2021|archive-date=Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210071700/https://www.soompi.com/2016/12/15/lee-hyori-returns-social-media-ahead-upcoming-comeback/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Janaayo [[2017]], Maamulaha Kwi Media Kim Hyung Suk ayaa shaaca ka qaaday [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]' ''Video Star'' in Lee uu qaadayo masuuliyada albumkeeda cusub ee soo saare..<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=109&aid=0003471073|script-title=ko:'비디오스타' 김형석 "이효리, 음악적 생각많아..프로듀서 역할도"|access-date=June 28, 2017|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/ranking/read?oid=109&aid=0003546770|title=[Oh!커피 한 잔②] 김형석이 직접 스포한 이효리의 새 앨범|access-date=June 28, 2017|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wowtv.co.kr/newscenter/news/view.asp?bcode=T30001000&artid=A201611240132|title=이효리 내년 상반기 컴백한다...김형석과 전속계약 체결 – 한국경제TV|last=한국경제TV|website=www.wowtv.co.kr|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=112&aid=0002918275|script-title=ko:"요가로 몸푸는 중"..이효리, 컴백 앞둔 근황|access-date=June 28, 2017|language=ko}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2017, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Lee iyo ninkeeda ay jilayaan barnaamij cusub oo telefishan ah ''Hyori's Homestay''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2017/04/19/lee-hyori-unveil-married-lifestyle-new-variety-show/|title=Lee Hyori To Unveil Her Married Lifestyle In New Variety Show|last1=19|first1=JiwonYu April|last2=2017|date=April 19, 2017|website=Soompi|access-date=May 20, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Shanaad 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505181900/https://www.soompi.com/2017/04/19/lee-hyori-unveil-married-lifestyle-new-variety-show/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Juun, wakaaladda Lee ayaa xaqiijisay soo laabashadeeda horaantii July iyada oo isku diyaarineysa duubista fiidiyowga muusikada ee heesta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/music/now/read?oid=112&aid=0002928996|script-title=ko:이효리 측 "7월초 컴백..완성도 위해 마무리 작업 중"(공식)|access-date=June 15, 2017|language=ko}}</ref> Dhowr maalmood ka dib, Lee wuxuu si xun ula hadlay heesta horay loo sii daayay ee albumka "Seoul".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ktunecollective/status/878991195761893377|title=2017.06.28 WED 6:00 PM LEE HYORI – "SEOUL" PRERELEASE #LEEHYORI #이효리 @ktunecollective #COMEBACK #JUNE28 #SEOUL #서울 #선공개 #키위미디어그룹pic.twitter.com/gqS6Je33aD|last=Collective|first=K.-tune|date=June 25, 2017|website=@ktunecollective|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=1theK (원더케이)|title=[Teaser] Lee Hyori(이효리) _ Seoul (Feat. Killagramz)|date=June 27, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjKqWHiLXi4|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=K-tune Collective|title=이효리(Lee Hyori) – 오늘 "서울(Seoul)" 발매!|date=June 27, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_VsR013Iq0|access-date=June 30, 2017}}</ref> Heesta waxaa la sii daayay Juun 28, 2017, oo ay weheliso fiidiyowga muusikada oo muujinaya muuqaallada is-khilaafsan ee Seoul iyo Jeju Island.<ref>{{Citation|last=1theK (원더케이)|title=[MV] Lee Hyori(이효리) _ Seoul (Feat. Killagramz)|date=June 29, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89Rq4_QcBkw|access-date=June 30, 2017}}</ref> Liiska raadraaca albumka ayaa la muujiyay<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2017/06/lee-hyori-reveals-track-list-for-long-awaited-comeback-album-seoul|title=Lee Hyori reveals track list for long-awaited comeback album 'Seoul' {{!}} allkpop.com|work=allkpop|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> oo ay weheliso taxane ah shaashado muuqaal ah oo loogu talagalay albumka dhowr maalmood ka hor sii deynta albumka.<ref name="soompi.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2017/06/30/lee-hyori-reveals-glimpse-comeback-art-film-black/|title=Update: Lee Hyori Unveils Rustic Teaser Images For New Album "BLACK"|last1=30|first1=J. K. June|last2=2017|date=June 30, 2017|website=Soompi|access-date=July 1, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817234018/https://www.soompi.com/2017/06/30/lee-hyori-reveals-glimpse-comeback-art-film-black/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=K-tune Collective|title=이효리(Lee Hyori) – "BLACK" Art Film #2|date=July 1, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXu0spCFd7o|access-date=July 2, 2017}}</ref> On July 4, 2017, albumkeedii lixaad ee istuudiyaha, ''[[Black]]'', ayaa la sii daayay.<ref>{{Citation|last=1theK (원더케이)|title=[MV] Lee Hyori(이효리) _ Black|date=July 4, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_64gu8qqeiM|access-date=July 4, 2017}}</ref> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/2017/07/04/exclusive-lee-hyori-takes-new-image-current-favorite-girl-group/|title=Exclusive: Lee Hyori Talks About Her New Image And Current Favorite Girl Group|last1=4|first1=K. Do July|last2=2017|date=July 4, 2017|website=Soompi|access-date=July 4, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617194330/https://www.soompi.com/2017/07/04/exclusive-lee-hyori-takes-new-image-current-favorite-girl-group/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === [[2017]7–[[2019]]: Bandhigyada JTBC === Lee iyo seygeeda, Lee Sang-soon, ayaa gurigooda oo ku yaal Jeju Island u rogay guri marti ah si ay u duubaan ''Hyori's Homestay''. Xilliga 1, IU wuxuu ku biirayaa bandhigga shaqaale ahaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/988511wpp/jtbc-reveals-new-posters-lee-hyoris-upcoming-reality-show-hyoris-home-stay|title=JTBC Reveals New Posters For Lee Hyori's Upcoming Reality Show "Hyori's Home Stay"|date=May 23, 2017|website=Soompi|access-date=July 31, 2020}}</ref> Xilliga 2, booskii shaqaalaha waxaa lagu beddelay YoonA,<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 8, 2018|title=Girls' Generation's YoonA To Appear In 2nd Season Of "Hyori's Homestay" As Employee|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1104821wpp/girls-generations-yoona-appear-2nd-season-hyoris-homestay-employee|access-date=July 31, 2020|website=Soompi}}</ref> sidoo kale xilligan Park Bo-gum waxay u timid inay u shaqeyso sidii shaqaale ku meel gaar ah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1138427wpp/park-bo-gum-surprises-yoona-lee-hyori-hyoris-homestay-2|title=Park Bo Gum Surprises YoonA And Lee Hyori On "Hyori's Homestay 2"|date=May 11, 2018|website=Soompi|access-date=July 31, 2020}}</ref> Sannadkii 2019, Lee wuxuu dib ula midoobay xubnaha Fin.K.L bandhigga cusub oo cinwaankeedu yahay ''Club Camping'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1338734wpp/fin-k-ls-reunion-in-new-reality-show-camping-club-premieres-to-strong-ratings|title=Fin.K.L's Reunion In New Reality Show "Camping Club" Premieres To Strong Ratings|date=July 14, 2019|website=Soompi|access-date=July 31, 2020}}</ref> === [[2020]]–hada: Ku noqo warshadaha muusikada, SSAK3 iyo Refund Sisters === Bishii Meey 15, 2020, Lee waxay ku dhawaaqday inay heshiis la saxiixatay shirkadda ESteem Entertainment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.khan.co.kr/entertainment/sk_index.html?art_id=202005151806013&sec_id=540101&pt=nv|title=[공식] 이효리, 에스팀엔터와 전속계약 맺어 "좋은 인연 소중히 이어갈 것"|date=May 15, 2020|website=Sports Khan|access-date=May 15, 2020}}</ref> Iyadoo loo marayo ''Hangoutout With Yoo'', iyada, oo ku hoos jirta magaca magaca Linda G, waxay aasaastay saddexda mashruuc ee loogu magac daray SSAK3 oo leh Rain iyo Yoo Jae-suk. Waxay soo saareen heesta ugu horreeyay ee "Beach Again" Luulyo 18, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1404653wpp/yoo-jae-suk-lee-hyori-and-rain-reveal-group-name-and-stage-names-for-their-co-ed-group|title=Yoo Jae Suk, Lee Hyori, And Rain Reveal Group Name And Stage Names For Their Co-Ed Group|date=June 4, 2020|website=Soompi|access-date=July 31, 2020}}</ref> SSAK3 waa mashruuc gaar ah oo seddex geesood ah, waxayna ku dhawaaqeen in dhamaan lacagaha ka soo baxa heesahooda iyo dalacsiintooda loogu deeqi doono bulshada u baahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soompi.com/article/1413998wpp/ssak3-to-donate-proceeds-from-their-music-to-help-those-in-need|title=SSAK3 To Donate Proceeds From Their Music To Help Those In Need|date=July 21, 2020|website=Soompi|access-date=July 31, 2020}}</ref> Kadib mashruuca SSAK3, Lee, [[Uhm Jung-hwa]], [[Jessi]] iyo [[Hwasa]] waxay samaysteen koox mashruuc kale oo gabar ah oo loogu magac daray Refund Sisters. <ref>[https://studybreaks.com/culture/music/refund-sisters-unites-female-k-pop-idols-from-different-generations/ "Refund Sisters Unites Female K-Pop Idols From Different Generations"]. ''Study Breaks''.</ref>Waxay soo saareen heestii ugu horreysay ee "Don't Touch Me".<ref>[http://m.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20201027000816 "Refund Sisters: latest K-pop sensation that S. Korea is raving about"]. ''[[The Korea Herald]]''.</ref><ref>[https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3109527/lee-hyori-revival-project-groups-refund-sisters-and-ssak3 "The Lee Hyori revival: project groups Refund Sisters and SSAK3 gave the first-gen K-pop star a delightful 2020 comeback – and we can’t get enough"]. ''South China Morning Post''.</ref><ref>[https://www.jazminemedia.com/2020/09/refund-sisters-decides-on-their-title-track-and-confirm-debut-date/ Refund Sisters Decide On Their Title Track And Confirm Debut Date - JazmineMedia.]</ref> == Farshaxanimada iyo sawirka == === Muusig === ==== Noocyada, erayada iyo mawduucyada ==== Qaabka Lee waxaa looqeexay inuu yahay muusikada magaalooyinka. Markii la sii daayay ''H-Logic'', Lee wuxuu bilaabay inuu tijaabiyo codkeeda isagoo ku daraya hip-hop muusigeeda.  Sii deynta dambe waxaa saameyn ku yeeshay nooc kale oo ay ku jiraan muusigga dhagaxa. Si caqli-gal ah, heesaha Lee waxay u kala baxeen jacayl iyo qalbi jab ilaa awood siinta faallooyinka bulshada iyada oo loo eegayo aragtida dumarka. ==== Nooca codka ==== Baaxadda codka ee Lee waxaa lagu kala saari karaa baaxadda mezzo-soprano. In kasta oo muuqaalkeeda galmada ah, haddana loo aqoonsaday heesaheeda qiirada leh sidoo kale<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hellokpop.com/2012/08/22/sexiness-can-be-a-double-edged-sword/|title=Sexiness can be a double-edged sword|date=August 22, 2012|work=hellokpop.com|access-date=September 21, 2012}}</ref>ee heesaha sida "Swing" iyo "Amor Mio". Lee waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyay awoodeeda heesida, taas oo ay ku jawaabtay "Waxaan u maleynayaa in qof kastaa uu u fikiro si ka duwan, markaa iyagaa sidaas u fikiri kara. Kahor, waxaan dareemay inaan ku dhuumanayo qalabka gadaashiisa. Waxaan dareemay raaxo la'aan haddii kale. Laakiin marka laga bilaabo qodob, aniga  Waxaan jeclahay codkeyga. Tan iyo markii aan ka helay, runti ma ahan wax muhiim ah waxa ay dadka kale u maleeyeen."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2013/05/lee-hyori-responds-to-criticisms-about-her-vocals|title=Lee Hyori responds to criticisms about her vocals {{!}} allkpop.com|work=allkpop|access-date=July 3, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://seoulbeats.com/2013/09/lee-hyori-singer-icon-bride/|title=Lee Hyori: Singer, Icon, Bride|date=September 6, 2013|work=seoulbeats|access-date=July 3, 2017|language=en-US|archive-date=Bisha Sideedaad 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805045530/https://seoulbeats.com/2013/09/lee-hyori-singer-icon-bride/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Qaabka doorka ==== Lee waxay sheegtay inay heesaa Uhm Jung-hwa tahay dayasho mudan tahay.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/music/now/read?oid=117&aid=0002876364|script-title=ko:'컴백' 이효리 "1년 뒤 마흔, 실감 안나…마음은 20대" [화보]|access-date=July 3, 2017|language=ko}}</ref> === Sawirka === Lee ayaa caan ku ah racfaanka galmada.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Park Ji-sung, Lee Hyo-ri Koreans with Most Brand Powe|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2005/12/02/2005120261004.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=December 2, 2005}}</ref> Dabayaaqadii 2003, Lee waxay heshiis xayeysiis ah la saxiixatay Samsung, waxay u sameysay seddex xayeysiis muusig iyo heeso taleefannadooda gacanta ee Anycall, oo noqotay mid ka mid ah xayeysiisyadeeda ugu caansan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Hyo-ri Signs Another Lucrative Deal with Samsung|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/12/12/2006121261010.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=December 12, 2006}}</ref> Muddo shan sano ah, Lee waxay ahayd dhiirrigeliye Lotte Liquor, iyada oo ka dhigaysa dhiirrigeliyihii ugu waqtiga dheeraa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lee Hyo-ri Signs Off as Longest-Serving Soju Model|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/11/13/2012111301183.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=November 13, 2012}}</ref> Sanadkii 2007, waxay ku jileysay ganacsi ay la wadaagtay Jessica Alba shirkad isku qurxisa Koonfur Kuuriya Ĭsa Knox, taas oo lagu toogtay Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Summit of the Starlets: Jessica Alba and Lee Hyo-ri|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2007/08/29/2007082961006.html|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=August 29, 2007}}</ref> Waxay ahayd dhiirrigeliye Calvin Klein.<ref>{{cite web|last=Garcia|first=Cathy Rose A.|title=Lee Hyo-lee Sizzles in Calvin Klein|url=http://www.hancinema.net/lee-hyo-lee-sizzles-in-calvin-klein-8841.html|work=[[The Korea Times]] via [[Hancinema]]|date=March 4, 2007}}</ref> ==== Khilaafka magaca masraxa ==== Intii lagu guda jiray dhacdo ''Hangout With Yoo'', Lee wuxuu ka fekerayay magacyo masrax oo kooxdii Refund Sisters. Intii ay wada hadalku socday waxay tidhi, "Ka waran magac Shiineys ah, maaddaama oo aannu adduunka ku sii socon karno? Ka waran ‘Mao’?", Iyada oo taas laga jawaabayo, daawadayaasha Shiinaha ee showga ayaa muujiyey sida ay uga xun yihiin maadaama magacu u eg yahay [[Mao Zedong]].<ref>https://news.joins.com/article/23855170</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://amp.seoul.co.kr/www/20200824500135 |access-date=2021-07-10 |archive-date=2021-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710230627/https://amp.seoul.co.kr/www/20200824500135 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya dadka]] [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop]] [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Idolyasha dhedig Koonfur Kuuriya]] 236au20d5om1unihl5ruiei2l3e9zq5 0 33048 298830 285506 2026-06-19T06:11:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Jessica Jung|image=Jessica at the Sephora Store Opening Event in October 2019 1.png|image_upright=1.15|landscape=|alt=Jessica in black dress at Sephora Store event in October 2019|caption=Jessica ee 2019|birth_name=Jessica Sooyoun Jung|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1989|04|18}}|birth_place=San Francisco, Kalifornia, Mareykanka|nationality=Kuuriya-Mareykan|occupation=|signature=|signature_alt=|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | origin = Koonfur Kuuriya | genre = [[K-pop]] | instrument = Cod | years_active = 2007–hada | label = [[SM Entertainment|SM]]<br> [[Coridel Entertainment|Coridel]]<br>[[United Talent Agency|UTA]] | associated_acts = [[Girls' Generation]]<br>[[Krystal Jung]]<br>[[SM Town]] | website = }}|module2=}} '''Jessica Jung'''<ref name="legalname">[http://star.ettoday.net/news/977508?t=Jessica%E9%9A%B1%E8%97%8F10%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AC%E4%BD%88%EF%BC%81%E3%80%80%E3%80%8C%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%8D%E5%85%B6%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E9%84%AD%E7%A7%80%E5%A6%8D%E3%80%8D "Jessica隱藏10年公佈！「我的本名其實不是鄭秀妍」"]. ETNEWS.</ref> (dhashay '''Jessica Sooyoun Jung''' Abriil 18, 1989),<ref name="californiabirthindex">[https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jessica_sooyoun_jung_born_1989_19263553 "The birth of Jessica Jung"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/jessica_sooyoun_jung_born_1989_19263553 |date=20180828042457 }}. ''Kalifornia Birth Index''.</ref> sidoo kale loo yaqaan magaca kelmada ah '''Jessica''',<ref><bdi>[http://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&sm=tab_ppn&query=%EC%A0%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%B9%B4&os=145075&ie=utf8&key=PeopleService 제시카 :: 네이버 인물검색]</bdi>. people.search.naver.com.</ref><ref>[https://www.hancinema.net/korean_Jessica.php "Jessica (제시카, American musical actor/ress, actress, singer)"]. HanCinema.</ref> waa heesaa-Mareykan-Koonfur Kuuriya ah, atariisho, iyo ganacsato caan ku ah shaqadeeda gabdho hore xubin ka ahaa [[Girls' Generation]]. Atariisho ahaan, Jung waxay Elle Woods ku soo bandhigtay muusigga ''Legally Blonde'' ee 2010 waxayna door ku yeelatay taxanaha telefishanka ee ''Wild Romance'' ee 2012. Horraantii 2014, waxay aasaastay astaanta moodada, [[Blanc & Eclare]]. Dabayaaqadii sanadkaas, waxay uga hartay Girls' Generation sababo la xiriira isku dhacyo u dhexeeya jadwalka kooxda iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyadeeda ganacsi. Markii ay tagtay ka dib, Jessica waxay soo afjartay qandaraaskeedii [[SM Entertainment]] waxayna la saxeexatay [[Coridel Entertainment]] sanadkii 2016, ka hor intaan la sii dayn albumkeedii ugu horreeyay ee ''With Love, J''. Bishii Maajo 2018, Jessica waxay heshiis la gashay [[United Talent Agency]].<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8454995/jessica-jung-girls-generation-signs-uta "Jessica Jung, Formerly of Girls' Generation, Signs With Talent Agency UTA"].</ref> Riwaayadeedii ugu iibsiga badneyd ee ''[[Shine]]'' waxaa la sii daayay Sebtember 2020.<ref>admin. [https://www.en24.news/2020/10/shine-by-ex-snsd-jessica-enters-the-new-york-times-best-sellers.html "Shine, by ex-SNSD Jessica, enters the New York Times Best Sellers | En24 News"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.en24.news/2020/10/shine-by-ex-snsd-jessica-enters-the-new-york-times-best-sellers.html |date=20201009012024 }}.</ref> == Nolosha hore == Jessica Jung waxay ku dhalatay San Francisco.<ref name="NYer">[http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2 Factory Girls: Cultural technology and the making of K-pop] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190724200424/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2 Lagu keydiyey] Luulyo 24, 2019, Mashiinka Wayback ''Newyorker.com'' (Oktoobar 8, 2012). Waxaa dib loo helay 27-kii Luulyo, 2021.</ref> Intii ay fasaxa ku joogeen Kuuriyada Koonfureed, iyada iyo walaasheed, [[Krystal Jung|Krystal]], ayaa lagu arkay goob laga dukaameysto oo ay xubin ka tahay SM Entertainment; markii dambena waxay ku soo biirtay shirkadda sanadkii 2000.<ref>Chosun.com: [http://choen.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/02/18/2009021800465.html 제시카, "관객 앞에서의 제 목소리에 감동했어요"] {{Wayback|url=http://choen.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/02/18/2009021800465.html |date=20110708150331 }}.</ref> Waxay ku qaadatay toddobo sano tababar ahaan ka hor intaanay u soo bandhigin qayb ka mid ah kooxda gabdhaha Girls' Generation. Jessica waxay dhigan jirtay iskuulka Korea Kent Foreigno inta lagu gudajiray sanadooyinkeeda kaladuwan.<ref name="NYer" /> == Shaqo == === 2007–2014: Girls' Generation iyo waxqabadyada kelida ah === [[File:Jessica(SNSD) in 2009.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|275x275px|Jung sanadka 2009]] Jessica waxay ahayd xubinta uguhoreysa waxa noqon doona Girls' Generation inay la saxiixato SM Entertainment sanadkii 2000. Sanadkii 2007, waxaa loo doortay inay xubin ka noqoto koox gabdho ah oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood kuwaas oo soo baxay bishii Ogosto 5, 2007. Hawlaheeda kooxeed ka sokow, Jessica waxay soo saartay laba heesood oo ay la socoto Seohyun iyo [[Tiffany Young|Tiffany]]: "Love Hate" ({{ko-hhrm|"오빠 나빠"}})<ref>{{in lang|ko}} Kim Hyeong-wu. [http://isplus.joins.com/article/article.html?aid=1094530 소녀시대 티파니 "'오빠나빠' 활동 당시 성대 결절 고생" (''Girls' Generation's Tiffany: "'Bad Older Brother' Activities Were Difficult on Vocal Nodules"'')] {{Wayback|url=http://isplus.joins.com/article/article.html?aid=1094530 |date=20110713120458 }}. ''[[JoongAng Ilbo]]''/''Newsen''. February 16, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2010.</ref> iyo "Mabinogi (It's Fantastic!)".<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [https://archive.is/20120709234714/http://isplus.joins.com/article/article.html?aid=985744 소녀시대 티파니 제시카 서현 게임 주제가 신곡 발표] (''Girls' Generation's Tiffany/Jessica/Seohyun Announce Game Theme Song as New Single''). ''[[JoongAng Ilbo|IS Plus]]''/''Newsen''. August 1, 2008. Retrieved May 4, 2010.</ref> Jessica waxay iskaashi la yeelatay 8Eight heesta "I Love You" oo ka timid albumkooda labaad, ''Infinity'', kaasoo la sii daayay 3-dii Maarso 2008.<ref>Chung Ah-young. [https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/135_51953.html 'Legally Blonde' Sparkles With Starry Cast] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118092618/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2009/09/135_51953.html|date=November 18, 2015}}. ''[[The Korea Times]]''. September 16, 2009. Retrieved February 22, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/10/31/2009103100199.html 3 Starts to Share Lead in 'Legally Blonde' Musical] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308094256/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/10/31/2009103100199.html|date=March 8, 2010}}. ''[[The Chosun Ilbo]]''. October 31, 2009. Retrieved February 22, 2010.</ref> [[File:Jessica_Jung_at_MBC_Gayo_Daejejeon_2013_02.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Jessica oo xubin ka ah Girls' Generation ee 2013.]] Bishii Maarso 2010, waxay ku lahayd wax yar oo ka mid ah taxanaha telefishanka ''Oh! My Lady''.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010040707471438381 소녀시대, 최시원과 의리 지키며 '오 마이 레이디'서 카메오 출연 (''SNSD Makes Cameo Appearance on "Oh! My Lady", Showing Loyalty to Choi Siwon'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412161531/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010040707471438381|date=April 12, 2010}}. ''asiae''/''Newsen''. March 7, 2010. Retrieved on April 9, 2010</ref> Bishii Meey 2010, Jessica waxay marti joogto ah ka noqotay bandhigga ''Happy Birthday'' illaa ay ka baxday Juun 7, 2010, sababo la xiriira howlaha Girls' Generatio ee dibedda.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} Bae Sunyoung: [http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201006051103371001 제시카 '해피 버스데이' 5주 출연 끝, 7일 하차 (''Jessica, After Five Weeks of Appearances in 'Happy Birthday', Will be Withdrawing on 7th'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616060418/http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201006051103371001|date=June 16, 2012}}, Newsen.com. June 5, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2010.</ref> Iyadu sidoo kale waxay marti ku ahayd barnaamijka ''Star King'' oo ay weheliyaan xubin kale Yuri. Jessica ayaa soo saartay hees cinwaankeedu yahay "Sweet Delight" 13-kii Oktoobar, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=014&aid=0002440608|title=제시카 로맨스타운 OST 공개, 네티즌 "너무 달콤하다"|publisher=Financial News|date=May 18, 2011|access-date=May 20, 2015|language=ko|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051345/http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=014&aid=0002440608|url-status=live}}</ref> Jessica waxay marki ugu horreysay jilay filim ''Wild Romance'' sanadkii 2012.<ref>{{cite news|first=Young Woong|last=Park|url=http://star.mt.co.kr/foreign/starViewEng.html?no=2012021512532246938|title=Violent Romance, SNSD's Jessica and Lee Dong Wook have a romantic date|work=StarNews|date=February 15, 2012|access-date=February 28, 2015|archive-date=February 26, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226211036/http://star.mt.co.kr/foreign/starViewEng.html?no=2012021512532246938|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="imdb">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4227335/|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=March 25, 2017|title=Jessica Jung - IMDb|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326050432/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4227335/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2958967 Jessica sings for KBS drama] {{Wayback|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2958967 |date=20141217131630 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217131630/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2958967|date=December 17, 2014}} [[JoongAng Ilbo|Korea JoongAng Daily]] (September 6, 2012). Retrieved on January 12, 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SM, 현대자동차와 콜라보레이션…'PYL 유니크 앨범' 발표|url=http://bntnews.hankyung.com/apps/news?popup=0&nid=04&c1=04&c2=04&c3=00&nkey=201210161120593&mode=sub_view|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=bntnews.hankyung.com|archive-date=October 26, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BhcL2xcY?url=http://bntnews.hankyung.com/apps/news?popup=0|url-status=live}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2013070208313877864|title=제시카, '시라노'에 감성 더했다… OST '그대라는 한 사람' 발매|publisher=asiae.co.kr|language=ko|access-date=March 25, 2017|date=July 2, 2013|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051335/http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2013070208313877864|url-status=live}}</ref> 2014 Ogosto, Jung waxay soo saartay khadkeeda moodada, Blanc, oo markii dambe loo bixiyay Blanc & Eclare.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_musicnews_frame.htm?No=26051&current_page=14|title=Jessica Renames Fashion Brand To "Blanc & Eclare"|date=October 6, 2014|access-date=February 28, 2015|publisher=[[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]|archive-date=June 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140117/http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_musicnews_frame.htm?No=26051&current_page=14|url-status=live}}</ref> Hadda waxaa jira lixdan dukaanno ku yaal adduunka oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/k-pop-star-jessica-jung-identity-fashion-life-after-girls-n696161|title=K-Pop Star Jessica Jung On Identity, Fashion, and Life After Girls' Generation|last=Bai|first=Stephany|date=December 15, 2016|website=nbc.com|publisher=NBC News|access-date=March 25, 2017|archive-date=March 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326054517/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/k-pop-star-jessica-jung-identity-fashion-life-after-girls-n696161|url-status=live}}</ref> Jessica iyo walaasheed Krystal ayaa jilay barnaamijkooda dhabta ah ee telefishanka ''[[Jessica & Krystal]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNSD's Jessica and f(x)'s Krystal to Star in New Program 'Jessica & Krystal'|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/63864/snsd-jessica-and-fx-krystal-start-program|publisher=CJ E&M enewsWorld|access-date=August 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511070928/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/63864/snsd-jessica-and-fx-krystal-start-program|archive-date=May 11, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waxay soo baxday Junn 3<ref>{{cite web|title=Sisters Jessica and Krystal Get Sassy and Charming in Reality Show Teaser Video|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/65982/video-jessica-and-krystal-get-sassy-in-their-teaser-video|publisher=CJ E&M enewsWorld|access-date=August 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506001357/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/65982/video-jessica-and-krystal-get-sassy-in-their-teaser-video|archive-date=May 6, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> wuxuuna ka koobnaa toban qaybood.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNSD Jessica and f(x)'s Krystal Share on Wrapping Up ′Jessica & Krystal′|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/72677/snsd-jessica-and-fx-krystal-share-on-ending-reality-show|website=mwave.interest.me|publisher=Newsen|access-date=August 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073929/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/72677/snsd-jessica-and-fx-krystal-share-on-ending-reality-show|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishii Sebtember 30, 2014, Jessica waxay ku dhawaaqday iyada "in xoog looga saaray" kooxda.<ref name="official statement">[http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/77155/sm-makes-official-statement-on-jessica SM states that SNSD will promote as eight without Jessica] {{Wayback|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/77155/sm-makes-official-statement-on-jessica |date=20160321151602 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321151602/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/77155/sm-makes-official-statement-on-jessica|date=March 21, 2016}} Mwave.interest.me (September 30, 2014). Retrieved on September 30, 2014.</ref> Madadaalada SM ayaa markii dambe xaqiijisay tan, iyada oo cadeynaysa in Jung uusan xubin ka sii ahaan doonin Girls' Generation. Shirkadda ayaa sidoo kale sheegtay ee Girls' Generation ay sii wadi doonaan inay kor u qaadaan sideed xubnood halka ay weli maamuli doonto howlaheeda kaligeed.<ref name="official statement" /><ref>[http://m.smtown.com/Board/Details/6885506 SMTown's Official Statement] {{Wayback|url=http://m.smtown.com/Board/Details/6885506 |date=20170611081515 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611081515/http://m.smtown.com/Board/Details/6885506|date=June 11, 2017}} [[SM Entertainment]] (September 30, 2014). Retrieved on October 1, 2014.</ref> Jessica ayaa sidoo kale sii deysay qoraal ay iyadu iska leedahay iyada oo u sii marisay shirkadeeda dharka, Blanc Group, iyadoo sharraxaysa in laga codsaday hay'adda iyo xubnaha kale ee kooxdu inay ka baxaan Girls' Generation.<ref>[http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/77230/jessica-makes-her-statement Jessica releases a statement of her own] {{Wayback|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/77230/jessica-makes-her-statement |date=20160406105215 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406105215/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/77230/jessica-makes-her-statement|date=April 6, 2016}} Mwave.interest.me (October 1, 2014). Retrieved on February 27, 2015.</ref> === 2015–2016: Ku simaha iyo kali ugu horeysay === [[File:Jessica_Jung_at_Marina_Bay_Sands_Valentino_event_in_January_2016_01.jpg|alt=|thumb|276x276px|Jung ee 2016]] 2015, Jessica waxaa la xaqiijiyay inay noqoneyso hogaamiyaha dumarka filimka jaceylka ah ee jaceylka Shiinaha cinwaan looga dhigay ''I Love That Crazy Little Thing.''<ref>{{cite news|language=ko|access-date=March 25, 2017|date=June 20, 2016|url=http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=468&aid=0000161756|publisher=entertain.naver.com|title=[SS차이나톡] "소녀 느낌 물씬" 제시카, 풋풋한 매력 발산|archive-date=September 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913091653/http://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=468&aid=0000161756|url-status=live}}</ref> Ogosto 6, 2015, SM Entertainment ayaa soo saartay bayaan rasmi ah oo ay ku sheegayso in shirkadda iyo xubintii hore ee Girls' Generation ay si rasmi ah u kala tageen.<ref name="JessicaEXSM">{{cite web|title=Singer Jessica quits SM Entertainment|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/08/201_184339.html|website=The Korea Times|access-date=August 10, 2015|date=August 6, 2015|archive-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810002723/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2015/08/201_184339.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2016/04/19/meet-the-korean-pop-star-wholl-help-tell-stephon-marburys-life-story/|title=Meet the Korean pop star who'll help tell Stephon Marbury's life story|last=Hendricks|first=Jaclyn|date=April 19, 2016|website=New York Post|access-date=April 28, 2016|archive-date=April 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425110732/http://nypost.com/2016/04/19/meet-the-korean-pop-star-wholl-help-tell-stephon-marburys-life-story/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Febraayo 2016, Jessica waxay ku dhawaaqday in albumkeedii ugu horreeyay ee keli ah lagu sii deyn doono hay'addeeda cusub, [[Coridel Entertainment]].<ref name="Coridel Entertainment - Artists">{{Cite web|url=http://www.coridel.com/artists.html|title=Coridel Entertainment - Artists|website=www.coridel.com|access-date=February 29, 2016|archive-date=October 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011233957/http://www.coridel.com/artists.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jessica Jung To Release First Album After Girls' Generation — Signed Copies Free To Shoppers Buying $250 Worth Of Blanc & Eclare Cosmetics|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/2813642/jessica-jung-to-release-first-album-after-girls-generation-signed-copies-free-to-shoppers-buying-250-worth-of-blanc-eclare-cosmetics/|website=The Inquisitr News|access-date=February 21, 2016|date=February 21, 2016|archive-date=February 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222100030/http://www.inquisitr.com/2813642/jessica-jung-to-release-first-album-after-girls-generation-signed-copies-free-to-shoppers-buying-250-worth-of-blanc-eclare-cosmetics/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Abriil 2016, wakiillada ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Jung ay sii deyn doonto albumkeedii ugu horreeyay bishii Maajo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=제시카 측 "5월 컴백 맞다…막바지 준비·날짜 조율 중"|website=nate.com|access-date=April 20, 2016|date=April 18, 2016|url=http://news.nate.com/view/20160418n05918?mid=n1008}}</ref><ref name="coridelent">{{Cite web|url=http://coridelent.com/notice/?uid=59&mod=document|title=[제시카] 최종 트랙리스트 공개|last=coridelent1|website=CORIDEL ENTERTAINMENT|access-date=May 11, 2016|archive-date=May 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530010500/http://coridelent.com/notice/?uid=59&mod=document|url-status=live}}</ref> Magaca [[Extended play|EP]] waxaa loo muujiyay inuu yahay ''With Love, J'', waxaana la sii daayay Maajo 17, 2016, oo ay weheliso heesta hogaaminta, "Fly".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7377337/jessica-jung-solo-album-girls-generation-interview|title=Jessica Jung on Recording Solo After Girls' Generation: 'I Was Really Surprised I Could Have Input'|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=May 17, 2016|access-date=March 25, 2017|first=Tamar|last=Herman|archive-date=June 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614081313/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7377337/jessica-jung-solo-album-girls-generation-interview|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="coridelent" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=coridelent1|title=[제시카] 6월 1일 팬미팅 관련 안내 공지|url=https://coridelent.com/notice/|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=CORIDEL ENTERTAINMENT|language=ko-KR|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808152015/https://coridelent.com/notice/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hisoparty.com/content/thailand-fan-meeting-2016-jessica-1st-premium-live-showcase-in-bangkok|title=Thailand Fan Meeting 2016 JESSICA 1st PREMIUM LIVE SHOWCASE in BANGKOK|date=June 3, 2016|work=Hiso Party|access-date=September 24, 2018|language=th-TH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185922/http://www.hisoparty.com/content/thailand-fan-meeting-2016-jessica-1st-premium-live-showcase-in-bangkok|archive-date=September 24, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=제시카, 대만 팬미팅 성료...솔로곡 무대+솔직 토크|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002534630|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=entertain.naver.com|language=ko|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608143150/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=108&aid=0002534630|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ジェシカ、ソロ活動決定後から約1年半…待望の来日公演が6月開催決定|url=https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2041624|access-date=June 8, 2020|website=Kstyle|archive-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608143215/https://news.kstyle.com/article.ksn?articleNo=2041624|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://b2talentasia.com/2016/11/07/jessica-wows-a-packed-house-for-shanghai-fan-meeting/|title=JESSICA WOWS A PACKED HOUSE FOR SHANGHAI FAN MEETING|website=b2talentasia.com|language=en-US|access-date=September 24, 2018|archive-date=September 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924224657/http://b2talentasia.com/2016/11/07/jessica-wows-a-packed-house-for-shanghai-fan-meeting/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://goodmomusic.net/jessica-jungs-fanmeet-4-cities-cancelled/|title='Jessica Jung's' "Fanmeet" In 4 Cities Cancelled|last=Renzxoxo|date=November 5, 2016|work=GoodMoMusic|access-date=September 24, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=June 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606074317/http://goodmomusic.net/jessica-jungs-fanmeet-4-cities-cancelled/|url-status=live}}</ref> === 2017–hada: ''My Decade'' iyo buuggii ugu horreeyay === [[File:Jessica in Bangkok 9.png|alt=|left|thumb|237x237px|Jung ee [[Bangkok]], Tayland ee 2018]] Bishii Maajo 2018, waxaa la ogaaday in Jessica ay la saxiixatay United Talent Agency.  Hay'addu waxay wakiil uga noqon doontaa Waqooyiga Ameerika xagga muusikada, filimka, telefishanka iyo oggolaanshaha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/k-pop-star-jessica-jung-signs-uta-1109451|title=K-Pop Star Jessica Jung Signs with UTA|access-date=May 8, 2018|archive-date=June 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629155159/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/k-pop-star-jessica-jung-signs-uta-1109451|url-status=live}}</ref> Bishii Diseembar 14, Jessica waxay soo saartay hees Kirismas ah oo cinwaankeedu yahay "One More Christmas" iyada oo kaashanaysa sumcadda qurxinta Koonfur Kuuriya ee Amuse Cosmetics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8491625/jessica-interview-one-more-christmas|website=Billboard|language=en|title=Jessica Gets Festive For 'One More Christmas' Music Film, Talks New Plans For 2019|archive-date=January 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112074627/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8491625/jessica-interview-one-more-christmas|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:190603 Jessica at ICN 2.png|alt=|left|thumb|255x255px|Jung sanadka 2019]] Bishii Juun 2019, Jessica iyo Krystal waxay duubeen bandhigoodii labaad ee dhabta ee Mareykanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eonline.com/ap/news/1046313/jessica-and-krystal-jung-to-shoot-new-reality-show-in-america|title=Jessica and Krystal Jung Are Shooting a New Reality Show In America|last=Tan|first=Pakkee|date=June 6, 2019|website=[[E!#E! Online|E! Online]]|access-date=June 6, 2019|archive-date=June 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606161006/https://www.eonline.com/ap/news/1046313/jessica-and-krystal-jung-to-shoot-new-reality-show-in-america|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/144/0000631172|title=[단독] 제시카, 日서 솔로 싱글곡 낸다…한국어 수록곡은 래퍼 기리보이 피처링|website=n.news.naver.com|language=ko|access-date=September 12, 2019|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021144813/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/now/article/144/0000631172|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://okmusic.jp/news/353972|title=ジェシカ (Jessica), CrazyBoy を迎えた新曲を発表|trans-title=Jessica Announces New Song with CrazyBoy|language=ja|date=September 13, 2019|website=OKMusic|access-date=October 13, 2019|archive-date=September 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922034922/https://okmusic.jp/news/353972|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://entertain.v.daum.net/v/20190918083013887|title=제시카, 기리보이와 조우..타이틀 '잠들기전 전화해'(공식)|language=ko|trans-title=Jessica Meets Giriboy for "Call Me Before You Sleep"|date=September 18, 2019|website=[[Daum (web portal)|Daum]]|access-date=October 13, 2019|archive-date=October 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012183753/https://entertain.v.daum.net/v/20190918083013887|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=ジェシカ（Jessica） 2年ぶりのファンミーティング開催決定！ローソンチケットにて、本日8月10日（土）10:00より最速先行受付開始！ {{!}} 株式会社ローソンエンタテインメントのプレスリリース|url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000095.000034304.html|access-date=August 18, 2019|website=prtimes.jp|archive-date=August 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811182354/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/amp/p/000000095.000034304.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=潔西卡10月19日來會台灣金星！自備面膜.T恤當福利|url=https://www.mingweekly.com/entertainment/celebrity/content-19040.html|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=明潮|archive-date=June 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616163926/https://www.mingweekly.com/entertainment/celebrity/content-19040.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 19, 2019|title=เจสสิก้า จอง ลัดคิวด่วนจัดงานแฟนมีตติ้งในไทย ล็อกวันรอเจอ 27 ตุลาคม นี้|url=https://musicstation.kapook.com/view214915.html|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=kapook.com|archive-date=June 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616153323/https://musicstation.kapook.com/view214915.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Isla bishaas, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Jung ay daabici doonto sheekadeeda ugu horreysa, ''Shine'', deyrta 2020 iyada oo qayb ka ah heshiis laba buug ah oo lala galay Simon Pulse, oo ah daabacaadda Simon & Schuster.  Glasstown Entertainment ayaa buugga sheekada uga iibisay kow iyo toban dal oo ajnabi ah, waxayna horumarineysaa la qabsi filim oo ay soo saartay Matthew Kaplan oo ka tirsan ACE Entertainment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/books/2019/10/10/jessica-jung-ya-novel-shine/|title=K-pop star Jessica Jung has written a YA novel, and it's already in development for the screen|last=Canfield|first=David|date=October 10, 2019|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=October 12, 2019|archive-date=October 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011194500/https://ew.com/books/2019/10/10/jessica-jung-ya-novel-shine/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Shine'', oo la sii daayay Sebtember 30, 2020, ayaa lagu soo daabacay lambarka shanaad ee The New York Times liiska iibiyaha ugu fiican ee loogu talagalay Dhallin-yarada Adult ee qaan-gaarka ah ee arrinta ku taariikhaysan Oktoobar 18.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/young-adult-hardcover/|title=Young Adult Hardcover (October 18, 2020)|date=October 2020|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008044624/https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/young-adult-hardcover/|archive-date=October 8, 2020}}</ref> == Hawlo kale == === Ogolaansho === Jessica sidoo kale waxay aqbashay dhowr nooc oo badeecooyin kala duwan ah.<ref name="thestraittimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/ex-girls-generation-member-jessica-jung-was-into-fashion-from-a-young-age|title=Ex-Girls' Generation member Jessica Jung was into fashion from a young age|website=The Strait Times|last=Ng|first=Gwendolyn|date=December 22, 2014|access-date=September 24, 2020|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021012629/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/ex-girls-generation-member-jessica-jung-was-into-fashion-from-a-young-age|url-status=live}}</ref> Ka sokow oggolaanshaheeda Girls' Generation, waxay sidoo kale noqotay dhiirrigeliye nooca isboortiga Shiinaha ee Li-Ning iyo boorsada Koonfurta Kuuriya ee Lapalette oo ay la socoto walaasheed Krystal ee 2014.<ref name="thestraittimes" /> Bishii Abriil 30, 2020, Jung waxaa lagu dhawaaqay inuu yahay safiirka cusub ee caalamiga ah ee Revlon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.allure.com/story/jessica-jung-revlon-beauty-interview|title=Jessica Jung Shares How Her Approach to Beauty Has Changed Since Her Idol Days|website=[[Allure (magazine)|Allure]]|last=Abelman|first=Devon|date=April 30, 2020|access-date=September 24, 2020|archive-date=October 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022024016/https://www.allure.com/story/jessica-jung-revlon-beauty-interview|url-status=live}}</ref> [https://seanskyps.co.kr/ 내생애첫주택대출] === Ganacsi === Makhaayada ugu horeysa ee Jessica oo magaceeda la yiraahdo ''Clareau'' ayaa la furay Janaayo 19, 2021 dhismaha bakhaarka weyn ee [[Blanc & Eclare]] ee Cheongdam-dong, Seoul.<ref>{{cite web|first=Seung-rok|last=Lee|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/117/0003454697|title=[단독] 제시카, '블랑 앤 에클레어' 첫 서울 플래그십 스토어 연다|trans-title=[Exclusive] Jessica opens the first Blanc & Eclare flagship store in Seoul|website=[[Naver]]|access-date=March 13, 2021|language=ko|date=January 19, 2021|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119054933/https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/117/0003454697|url-status=live}}</ref> == Nolosha shaqsiga == Intii lagu guda jiray riwaayad ka dhacday [[Taywan]] bishii Luulyo 2017, Jung waxay shaaca ka qaaday in magaceeda dhalasho, sida baasaboorkeeda, uu yahay "Jessica Jung", halka magaceeda Kuuriya "Soo-yeon" lagu helay kaliya taariikh dambe dartiis.<ref>[http://star.ettoday.net/news/977508?t=Jessica%E9%9A%B1%E8%97%8F10%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%AC%E4%BD%88%EF%BC%81%E3%80%80%E3%80%8C%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%8D%E5%85%B6%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%AF%E9%84%AD%E7%A7%80%E5%A6%8D%E3%80%8D "Jessica隱藏10年公佈！「我的本名其實不是鄭秀妍」"]. ETNEWS.</ref> Waxay isku tilmaamtay inay tahay "Masiixiyiin xiiso leh" waxayna tagtaa kaniisadda.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/the-lily/the-jessicas-are-turning-30/ "Turning 30, according to The Jessicas"]. Washington Post.</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[yue: 鄭秀妍]] <references /> == Xiriirinta dibedda == {{Commons category|Jessica Jung}} [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Atariishayasha telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya dadka]] [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop]] [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop Mareykanka]] [[Category:Idolyasha dhedig Koonfur Kuuriya]] s6t8xty0jz08ejb1lkvva0jqfyww44t 0 33185 298819 231867 2026-06-19T04:21:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|name=GFriend|image=200209 양천 팬사인회.jpg|landscape=yes|caption=GFriend ew 2020<br />Bidix ilaa midig: [[Umji]], [[Eunha]], [[Yuju]], [[SinB]], [[Yerin]], iyo Sowon|origin=[[Seoul]], Koonfur Kuuriya|genre=[[K-pop]]|years_active={{Start date|2015}}–{{End date|2021}}|label=*Source Music *King Records|associated_acts=|website={{url|https://www.sourcemusic.com/ko/girf_profile.php|sourcemusic.com}}|past_members=* [[Sowon]] * [[Yerin]] * [[Eunha]] * [[Yuju]] * [[SinB]] * [[Umji]]|module=}} '''GFriend''' wuxuu ahaa lix xubnood oo ka tirsan kooxda gabdhaha Koonfur Kuuriya oo ay sameysay Source Music sanadkii 2015.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170106102334/http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/85237/new-rookie-group-gfriend-makes-debut-with-glass-bead-mv "New Rookie Group GFriend Makes Debut with ′Glass Bead′ MV"].</ref> Kooxdu waxay ka koobnayd [[Sowon]], [[Yerin]], [[Eunha]], [[Yuju]], [[SinB]], iyo [[Umji]].  GFriend wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarino badan oo 2015 ah wuxuuna sii xoogeystay tan iyo markii ugu horeysay inkastoo uu ka yimid shirkad yar.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150823042517/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/86112/interview-gfriend-spills-on-snsd-comparisons-role-models-and-more GFriend Spills on SNSD Comparisons, Role Models and More].</ref> GFriend ayaa sidoo kale noqday kooxdii ugu horreysay abid ee gabar ah oo lagu wareysto Grammy Mini Masterclass, oo ah taxane wareysi oo ay soo qabanqaabisay Xarunta Gummy's Museum Experience Prudential Center halkaas oo fannaaniinta, shaqaalaha warshadaha muusigga, iyo fannaaniinta ay ka hadlaan muusigga si ay saameyn ugu yeeshaan dhallinyarada.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201227160255/https://www.dispatch.co.kr/2119228 여자친구, 그래미 뮤지엄 인터뷰..."K팝 걸그룹 최초, 초대 받았다"].</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Kooxaha gabdhaha Koonfur Kuuriya]] denr8ve0r2r4vnzbfy160leafcb4udz 0 33189 298874 271232 2026-06-19T11:45:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Yuju|image=Yuju at Seoul Fashion Week, September 2024.jpg|image_upright=1.15|caption=Yuju ee 2024|birth_name=Choi Yu-na|alias=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1997|10|4}}|birth_place=Deogyang-gu, Goyang, Koonfur Kuuriya|education=|occupation=|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = [[K-pop]] | instrument = Cod | years_active = 2015–hada | label = Source Music | associated_acts = [[GFriend]] }}|module2=}} '''Choi Yu-na''' (dhashay Oktoobar 4, 1997),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/444382 |access-date=2015-02-17 |archive-date=2015-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216040140/http://tenasia.hankyung.com/archives/444382 |url-status=dead }}</ref> waxaa si fiican loogu yaqaan magaceeda masraxa '''Yuju''', waa fanaanad u dhalatay Koonfur Kuuriya. == Tixraacyada == [[yue: 崔裕娜]] [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Fannaaniinta K-pop]] [[Category:Koonfur Kuuriya dadka]] <references /> hq801x0013q65d9twhk6aby2twahqcq 0 33218 298835 297507 2026-06-19T06:32:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox music genre|image=|caption=|bgcolor=Green|stylistic_origins={{flatlist| * [[Muusikada Kuuriya]] * [[Muusikada elektaroonigga|elektaroonigga]] * [[Muusikada pop|pop]] * [[dance music|dance]] * [[gospel music|gospel]] * [[rhythm and blues]] * [[hip hop music|hip hop]] * [[jazz]] * [[contemporary folk music|folk]] * [[classical music|classical]] * [[country music|country]] * [[rock music|rock]] * [[reggae]] * [[Experimental music|experimental]] }}|cultural_origins=1940s, [[Koonfur Kuuriya]]|derivatives=|subgenrelist=|subgenres=|fusiongenres=|regional_scenes=|local_scenes=|other_topics=|name=K-pop}}'''K-pop''' (케이팝; RR: ''keipap''), gaaban muusikada caanka ah ee Kuuriya ("'''K'''orean '''p'''opular music"), waa nooc muusig oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo qayb ka ah [[Dhaqanka Koonfur Kuuriya]].<ref name="Hartong 2006">{{cite book|title=Musical terms worldwide: a companion for the musical explorer|last=Hartong|first=Jan Laurens|year=2006|publisher=Semar Publishers|isbn=978-88-7778-090-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/musicaltermsworl0000hart/page/15 15]|url=https://archive.org/details/musicaltermsworl0000hart|url-access=registration|access-date=December 5, 2011|quote=Since the 1990s, popular genres like rap, rock and techno house have been incorporated into Korean popular music, setting the trend for the present generation of K-pop, which often emulates American models.}}</ref> Waxaa saamayn ku leh qaababka iyo noocyada ka socda adduunka oo dhan dusha sare ee xididdadeeda muusigga Kuuriya.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/12328829</ref> qaab casri ah oo ka mid ah noocyada ayaa soo baxay markii la sameeyay mid ka mid ah kooxihii ugu horreeyey ee K-pop, kooxda wiilasha Seo Taiji and Boys, sannadkii 1992. Tijaabintooda qaabab kala duwan iyo noocyada muusigga iyo is-dhexgalka qaybaha muusiga ee shisheeye ayaa gacan ka geystay dib-u-qaabaynta iyo casriyeynta  Muuqaalka muusigga ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120323001104 |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2014-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201202043/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20120323001104 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[K-pop idol|Dhaqanka casriga ah ee "idol" ee K-pop]] wuxuu bilaabmay 1990-maadkii, markii K-pop uu u koray dhaqan-hoosaad kaas oo urursaday taageerayaal aad u fara badan oo ah dhallinta iyo dhallinyarada waaweyn.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/5638224/the-root-of-k-pop-the-influences-of-todays-biggest-acts</ref><ref>https://www.economist.com/asia/2010/01/25/hallyu-yeah</ref> Ka dib markii ay hoos u dhacday horaantii K-pop, laga bilaabo 2003 TVXQ iyo [[BoA]] waxay bilaabeen jiil cusub oo sanamyo K-pop ah oo jebiyey nooca muusigga suuqa jaarka ee Jabaan ah waxayna sii wadaan inay caan ku noqdaan K-pop maanta.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=j8lxCwAAQBAJ</ref> Iyada oo ay soo ifbaxeen adeegyada isku-xirka bulshada ee internetka iyo bandhigyada TV-ga Koonfur Kuuriya, faafinta hadda ee K-pop iyo madadaalada Koonfur Kuuriya, oo loo yaqaan [[Mowjadda Kuuriya]], laguma arko oo keliya Bariga Aasiya iyo Koonfur-bari Aasiya, laakiin sidoo kale [[Bakistaan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Hindiya]], Laatiin Ameerika, [[Waqooyiga Afrika]], [[Koonfurta Afrika]] iyo [[Bariga Afrika]], [[Bariga Dhexe]] iyo guud ahaan [[Galbeed|dunida Galbeedka]], iyagoo helay dhagaystayaal caalami ah. Ereyga "K-pop" wuxuu caan ku noqday 2000-meeyadii. Markii hore, muusigga pop -ka ee Koonfur Kuuriya ayaa la oran jiray '''''gayo''''' (가요).<ref>https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=46662&docId=2458624&categoryId=46662</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.nl.go.kr/ask/infoguide/view.jsp?recKey=5563739 |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2017-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602193923/http://www.nl.go.kr/ask/infoguide/view.jsp%3FrecKey%3D5563739 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> In kasta oo "K-pop" uu yahay erey guud oo loogu talagalay muusigga caanka ah ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed, haddana waxaa badanaa loo adeegsadaa dareen cidhiidhi ku ah nooca halkan lagu sharraxay.  Sannadkii 2018, K-pop wuxuu la kulmay koboc aad u weyn wuxuuna noqday "cayaaryahan awood" taasoo calaamad u ah kororka dakhliga 17.9%. Laga soo bilaabo 2019, K-pop wuxuu ku jiraa lambarka lixaad ee tobanka suuq ee muusigga ugu sarreeya adduunka sida uu qabo Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Warshadaha Farshaxanka "Warbixinta Muusikada Caalamiga ah ee 2019", iyadoo [[BTS]] iyo [[Blackpink]] lagu tilmaamay inay yihiin fanaaniinta hoggaaminaya kobaca suuqa.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/caitlinkelley/2019/04/03/kpop-global-bts-blackpink-grow/#7893c0e324e2</ref> Sanadkii 2020, K-pop waxay la kulantay sanad rikoor jabis ah markii ay la kulantay koror dhan 44.8% waxayna isu taagtay suuqa ugu weyn ee ugu dhaqsiyaha badan sannadka.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GMR2021_STATE_OF_THE_INDUSTRY.pdf |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2021-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325211040/https://ifpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GMR2021_STATE_OF_THE_INDUSTRY.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Cilmiga asalka ereyada == Isticmaalkii ugu horreeyay ee la yaqaan ee erayga K-pop wuxuu ka dhacay ''Billboard'' bishii Oktoobar 9, daabacaaddii 1999 dhammaadkii maqaal cinwaan looga dhigay "Koonfur Kuuriya Si Loogu Ogolaado Qaar Ka Mid ah Jabaan" ee Cho Hyun-jin, ka dibna wariye Kuuriya u ah  magazine, kaas oo u adeegsaday erey ballaadhan muusigga pop-ka ee Koonfur Kuuriya. Cho laftiisu, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma hubo inuu isagu ereygan curiyay, maadaama maqaallada qaarkood ay sheegeen in erayga 'K-pop' uu mar horeba adeegsan jiray gudaha warshadaha muusiga, inkasta oo uusan waligiis si shaqsi ah u maqal.<ref>[http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8532755/k-pop-billboard-20-years "20 Years of K-Pop at Billboard"]. ''Billboard''.</ref> == Astaamaha == === Nuxurka === In kasta oo K-pop guud ahaan loola jeedo muusigga pop-ka ee Koonfur Kuuriya, qaar baa u arka inay tahay nooc dhan oo dhan oo soo bandhigaya noocyo badan oo muusik iyo muuqaal ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://seoulbeats.com/2011/10/k-pop-music-for-the-eyes-or-for-the-ears/ |access-date=2021-08-19 |archive-date=2012-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412091354/http://seoulbeats.com/2011/10/k-pop-music-for-the-eyes-or-for-the-ears/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Institut national de l'audiovisuel wuxuu K-pop ku qeexaa "isku-darka muusikada la isku daray, hababka qoob-ka-ciyaarka ee fiiqan iyo moodada, dharka midabada leh".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131103182155/http://www.inaglobal.fr/en/music/article/k-pop-story-well-oiled-industry-standardized-catchy-tunes.</ref> === Tababbarka nidaamsan ee fannaaniinta === {{See also|#Warshadaha}}Wakaaladaha maamulka Kuuriyada Koonfureed waxay qandaraasyo adag siiyaan fannaaniinta iman kara, mararka qaarkood markay da 'yar yihiin.  Tababarayaashu waxay ku wada nool yihiin jawi nidaamsan waxayna saacado badan maalintii ku qaataan barashada sida loo heeso, dheesha, loogu hadlo luuqadaha ajnabiga, iyo inay sameeyaan xirfado kale si loogu diyaariyo kulankooda ugu horreeya. Nidaamkan tababarka ee "robotiga" ah ayaa inta badan waxaa dhaleeceeya warbaahinta reer galbeedka.<ref name="Chosun Ilbo">http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102700691.html.</ref> Sannadkii 2012 -kii, Wargeyska ''The Wall Street Journal'' waxa uu qoray in kharajka tababarka hal farshaxaniiste oo hoos yimaada [[SM Entertainment]] uu celcelis ahaan gaaray 3 million oo Dollar.<ref>https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/02/06/can-girls-generation-break-through-in-america/.</ref> === Noocyada isku-dhafka ah iyo qiyamka caalamiga ah === [[File:Search_volume_for_kpop.svg|thumb|300x300px|Raadi mugga K-pop muddada 2008–2012 marka loo eego [[Google Trends]].]] K-pop waa badeecad dhaqameed oo leh "qiyam, aqoonsi iyo macneyaal ka baxsan qiimahooda ganacsi ee adag."<ref>{{Cite book|title=K-pop – The International Rise of the Korean Music Industry|last=Choi|first=JungBong and Roald Maliangkay|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781138775961|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggSNoAEACAAJ}}</ref> Waxaa lagu gartaa isku darka dhawaaqyada casriga ah ee reer Galbeedka iyo saamaynta Afrikaan-Ameerika (oo ay ku jiraan dhawaaqyada Hip-hop, R&B, Jazz, pop pop, nafta, funk, farsamada, diskooga, guriga, iyo Afrobeats) oo leh dhinac Kuuriyada waxqabadka (oo ay ku jiraan dhaqdhaqaaqyada qoob-ka-ciyaarka ee la iswaafajiyay, isbeddellada samayska iyo waxa loogu yeero "barta dheesha" oo ka kooban jillaab iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo muhiim ah oo soo noqnoqda).  Waxaa la xusay in ay jirto "aragti casriyeyn" ah oo ku jirta dhaqanka pop-ka Kuuriya.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Hybridity and the rise of Korean popular culture in Asia|volume=28|pages=25–44|year=2005|author=Doboo Shim|journal=National University of Singapore|doi=10.1177/0163443706059278|citeseerx=10.1.1.489.921|s2cid=204327176}}</ref> ==== Isticmaalka weedho Ingiriis ah ==== [[File:Yoon_Mi_Rae_and_Tiger_JK.jpg|alt=A woman and a man holding microphones. The man is gesturing to one side.|thumb|Farshaxanka Hip-hop-ka [[Yoon Mi-rae]] iyo seygeeda [[Tiger JK]] ee Drunken Tiger, ayaa lagu tiriyaa inay caan ka noqdeen hip-hop-ka Mareykanka ee Kuuriya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Park|first1=T. K.|last2=Kim|first2=Youngdae|title=A Brief History of Korean Hip-hop|url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/01/a-brief-history-of-korean-hip-hop.html|access-date=February 25, 2019|work=[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]]|date=January 15, 2019}}</ref>]] [[File:I_Am_Korea_concert_2015_g.o.d.jpg|alt=Five men singing, wearing black and white suits.|thumb|[[g.o.d]] ee "I Am Korea" xaflad, 2015]] K-pop-ka casriga ah waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay adeegsiga weedho Ingiriis ah. Jin Dal Yong oo ''Popular Music and Society'' wuxuu qoray in adeegsiga ay saameyn ku yeelan karto "Kuuriyaan-Mareykan iyo/ama Kuuriyaan ah oo wax ku bartay Mareykanka [kuwaas oo] si buuxda uga faa'iideysta af-ingiriisiga iyo kheyraadka dhaqanka ee aan inta badan laga helin kuwa lagu soo koray oo wax ku bartay Kuuriya."<ref name="Jin 113–1312">{{Cite journal|last1=Jin|first1=Dal Yong|last2=Ryoo|first2=Woongjae|date=December 13, 2012|title=Critical Interpretation of Hybrid K-Pop: The Global-Local Paradigm of English Mixing in Lyrics|journal=Popular Music and Society|volume=37|issue=2|pages=113–131|doi=10.1080/03007766.2012.731721|s2cid=143689845|issn=0300-7766}}</ref> Muusigga pop-ka Kuuriya ee heesayaasha ama kooxaha Kuuriya-Ameerika sida Fly to the Sky, g.o.d, Rich, Yoo Seung-jun, iyo Drunken Tiger waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeed Mareykan ah iyo erayo Ingiriis ah labadaba.  Muusigyadan fannaaniinta ah ee Kuuriya-Ameerika waxay leeyihiin qaab ka duwan muusigga Kuuriya ee caadiga ah, kaasoo soo jiita xiisaha dhallinyarada.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> Waxaa sii kordhaya, qorayaasha iyo soosaarayaasha heesaha shisheeye ayaa loo shaqaaleeyaa inay ka shaqeeyaan heesaha sanamyada K-pop, sida [[Will.i.am]] iyo Sean Garrett.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/apr/20/k-pop-sweden-pelle-lidell|title=Behind the music: What is K-Pop and why are the Swedish getting involved?|last=Lindvall|first=Helienne|date=April 20, 2011|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=March 27, 2012}}</ref> Fannaaniin shisheeye, oo ay ka mid yihiin [[Akon]], [[Kanye West]], Ludacris, iyo [[Snoop Dogg]], ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay heesaha K-pop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fuse.tv/2013/02/kpop-connections-infographic|title=The K-Pop/U.S. Music Connections You Never Knew Existed|last=Xu|first=Tina|publisher=[[Fuse (TV channel)|Fuse]]|access-date=March 7, 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715235752/https://www.fuse.tv/2013/02/kpop-connections-infographic|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1098373/secrets-behind-k-pops-global-success-explored-at-sxsw-panel|title=Secrets Behind K-Pop's Global Success Explored at SXSW Panel|last=Hampp|first=Andrew|quote=The American hip-hop community's recent interest in K-pop has helped open a lot of doors for other artists and managers Stateside, too.|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=March 28, 2013|date=March 16, 2012}}</ref> Shirkadaha madadaalada waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​fidinta K-pop meelo kale oo adduunka ah iyada oo loo marayo habab kala duwan. Fannaaniintu waxay u baahan yihiin inay adeegsadaan Ingiriisiga maadaama shirkaduhu rabaan inay qabsadaan suuqyada qaybaha kale ee Aasiya, taasoo u saamaxaysa inay aakhirka furaan suuqa Galbeedka.  Inta badan fannaaniinta K-pop waxay bartaan Ingiriisiga maxaa yeelay waa luqad caan ka ah adduunka muusigga, laakiin fannaaniinta qaarkood waxay kaloo bartaan afaf kale oo ajnabi ah sida Jabaan si ay ugu soo dhowaadaan suuqa Jabaan.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> Sidoo kale, tirooyinka sii kordhaya ee kooxaha K-pop waxay adeegsadaan magacyada Ingiriiska halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen Kuuriya. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa heesaha iyo fannaaniinta in suuq loo geliyo dhagaystayaal ballaadhan oo adduunka ah.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /><!--Bariga Aasiya waxay leedahay luuqado badan oo kala duwan, taas oo ka dhigaysa duubista Ingiriisiga ikhtiyaar shaqo si loo buuxiyo farqiga luuqadda ee khalkhal gelinaya isgaarsiinta muusigga ee caalamiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, malaha sababta oo ah fannaaniintu ma rabaan inay qaataan halista ah inay soo bandhigaan aqoonsi khaldan, ikhtiyaarkan sida badan lama isticmaalo inta badan. Fanaaniinta fahmi kara labada dhaqan oo si fiican ugu hadla Ingiriisiga sida [[Tata Young]] iyo [[Utada Hikaru]] ayaa leh guusha ugu badan iyaga oo adeegsanaya habkan si ay u helaan suuqyo muusig oo caalami ah. Sababta inta jeer ee istiraatiijiyaddu ay aad ugu hooseyso ayaa ah in fannaaniin badan oo Aasiya Bari ahi aysan lahayn xirfado Ingiriis oo aad u wanaagsan, kuwaas oo dadku inta badan faallo ka bixiyaan heesaha Ingiriisiga heesaha. Waxaa ka sii muhiimsan, mawjadda muusigga ee Bariga Aasiya kaliya maahan dhawaaqyada iyo alaabada muusigga. Socodka luqadda iyo aqoonsiga ayaa la yimaada mowjadda Bariga Aasiya, in badan oo ka mid ah qulqulladan ayaa awood u siin doona cilmi -baarayaasha inay si fiican u fahmaan socodka caalamiga ah ee muusigga Bariga Aasiya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Benson|first=Phil|date=January 2013|title=English and identity in East Asian popular music|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/popular-music/article/english-and-identity-in-east-asian-popular-music/89BC456C9A2FEA66D58DC36FD613FB3B|journal=Popular Music|language=en|volume=32|issue=1|pages=23–33|doi=10.1017/S0261143012000529|issn=0261-1430}}</ref> -->Si kastaba ha ahaatee, adeegsiga Ingiriisiga ma damaanad qaadin sumcadda K-pop ee suuqa Waqooyiga Ameerika.  Faallooyinka qaarkood, sababta tan ayaa ah sababta oo ah nooca waxaa loo arki karaa inuu yahay nooc muusiko reer Galbeedka ah, taasoo ku adkeyneysa K-pop inuu ka helo oggolaanshaha suuqyadan.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> Sida laga soo xigtay cilmibaarista Elaine W. Chun, in kasta oo isku-dhafka ayaa marar badan ka muuqda K-pop, mararka qaarkoodna xitaa waxay ka dhigi kartaa taageerayaasha inay aad u jeclaadaan xiddigaha K-pop maxaa yeelay waa cusub, cusub oo xiiso leh, way adag tahay in la beddelo kuwa rumaysta  oo ku habboon luuqad saafi ah. Taas macnaheedu waa in qaabkii asalka ahaa ee luuqaddu ay weli adag tahay in la beddelo.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chun|first=Elaine W.|date=February 2017|title=How to drop a name: Hybridity, purity, and the K-pop fan|journal=Language in Society|language=en|volume=46|issue=1|pages=57–76|doi=10.1017/S0047404516000828|issn=0047-4045|doi-access=free}}</ref> Magacyada fannaaniinta, magacyada heesaha, iyo heesaha ayaa muujiyey koboc weyn xagga adeegsiga ereyada Ingiriisiga  Ma jiro heesayaal ku jira kontonkii jaantus ee ugu sareeyay 1990 magacyadooda Ingiriisiga ku lahaa: dadka ka shaqeeyey warshadaha muusigga Kuuriya waxay u arkeen iyagoo adeegsanaya magacyada Kuuriya heer ahaan.  Sannadkii 1995, fannaaniintii ugu caansanaa sida Kim Gun-mo, Park Mi-kyung, Park Jin-young, Lee Seung-chul, iyo Byun Jin-sub ayaa wali adeegsan jiray magacyada Kuuriya, laakiin afar iyo toban ka mid ah fannaaniinta iyo kooxaha ku jira kontonka sare magacyada Ingiriiska, oo ay ku jiraan DJ DOC, 015B, Piano, iyo Solid. Dhibaatadii dhaqaale ee 1997 ka dib, dawladdu waxay joojisay faafreebka heesaha Ingiriisiga waxayna Kuuriya bilaabatay inay ku booddo Ingiriisiga. Tan iyo dabayaaqadii 1990 -meeyadii, adeegsiga Ingiriisiga ee magacyada fannaaniinta, magacyada heesaha, iyo heesaha ayaa si dhakhso leh u koray. Toddoba iyo toban fannaniin ah oo ku jira kontonka sare ee sare waxay adeegsadeen magacyo Ingiriis sannadkii 2000, soddon iyo kowna waxay sidaas sameeyeen sannadkii 2005. Sannadkii 2010, kow iyo afartan fannaaniin ayaa magacyada Ingiriisiga ka dhex adeegsan jiray kontonka heesood ee ugu sarreeya, laakiin sida caadiga ah, saddex ama afar fannaaniin iyo koox ayaa ka badan hal ama laba heesood oo ku yaal shaxda isku mar. Magacyada Kuuriya (sida Baek Ji-young, Seo In-young, iyo Huh Gak) ayaa si aad ah loo arkaa, heesayaal badan oo K-pop ah ayaa leh magacyo Ingiriis ah (sida [[IU (singer)|IU]], Sistar, T-ara, GD & TOP, Beast, and [[After School]]). Waxaa xusid mudan, ilaa horraantii 1990 -meeyadii, fannaaniinta leh magacyo Ingiriis ah ayaa ku turjumi doona [[hangul]], laakiin hadda fannaaniintu waxay adeegsan doonaan magacyo Ingiriis ah oo lagu qoray xuruufta Roomaanka.<ref name="Jin 113–1312" /> ==== Dhaleeceynta aqoonsiga isku-dhafan ==== Waxaa jiray jawaabo xasaasi ah oo ku saabsan Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo ku saabsan aqoonsiga nooca tan iyo markii uu koray.  Qaar ka mid ah dhaleeceeyayaasha muusiga ee caanka ah ee gobolka ayaa ku dhaleeceeyay K-pop inay tahay "sumad warshadeed oo inta badan loogu talagalay inay kor u qaaddo sumadda qaranka ee suuqa adduunka bilowgii" waxayna ku doodeen inaysan "si iskeed ah u abuurin dhaqan pop qorshaha la soo abaabulay oo ay hoggaaminayso dowladda iyada oo tixgelin ganacsi la siinayo "in kasta oo xaqiiqda ah" noocyadu ficil ahaan xiriir kuma laha aqoonsiga Kuuriyada dhaqameed". Waxaa sidoo kale jira aragti ah in magaca hiddaha laga soo qaatay [[J-pop]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://h21.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/culture_general/29888.html|title=[레드 기획]케이팝, 진단이 필요해|website=h21.hani.co.kr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://ch.yes24.com/Article/View/24536|title=가요, 케이팝 그리고 너머|last=Shin|first=Hyun-joon}}</ref> K-pop ayaa mararka qaar la kulantay dhaleeceyn saxafiyiinta u aragta in muusikadu tahay qaaciido iyo mid aan asal ahayn.<ref name="fast music2">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2012/02/123_100092.html|title=K-pop grows on disposable 'fast music'|date=April 12, 2011|work=The Korea Times|access-date=March 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://qz.com/725161/kpop-feature/|title=Hallyu, K-pop! Inside the weirdest, most lucrative global frenzy in music|last=Wang|first=Amy X.|date=July 30, 2016|work=QUARTZ|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2126242/k-pop-infectious-disease-not-cultural-export-be-proud|title=K-pop is an infectious disease, not a cultural export to be proud of|last=Lhatoo|first=Yonden|date=December 30, 2017|work=South China Morning Post|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2|title=Factory Girls|last=Seabrook|first=John|date=October 8, 2012|work=The New Yorker|access-date=April 11, 2018}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah kooxaha K-Pop ayaa lagu eedeeyay inay khiyaameeyeen falalka muusigga reer Galbeedka iyo sidoo kale falalka kale ee muusigga.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Herald|first=The Korea|date=2018-01-19|title=Star producer Teddy’s plagiarism controversies drag on|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180119000830|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.koreaherald.com|language=en}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, K-pop waxaa lagu dhaleeceeyay ku [[K-pop#Isticmaalka weedho Ingiriis ah|tiirsanaanta weedhaha Ingiriisiga]], iyada oo dadka naqdiya ay ku tilmaamaan adeegsiga Ingiriisiga cinwaannada "macno darro".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2011/apr/20/k-pop-sweden-pelle-lidell|title=Behind the music: What is K-Pop and why are the Swedish getting involved?|last=Lindvall|first=Helienne}}</ref> [https://ntnm.co.kr/ 엔타임뉴스] [https://wbwedding.co.kr 웨딩뉴스] Kooxaha K-pop-ka ayaa si joogto ah loogu eedeeyaa inay u [[Qoondaynta dhaqanka|qoondeeyeen dhaqammada]] sida dhaqanka Afrikaanka-Ameerika, gaar ahaan sababtuna tahay isticmaalka joogtada ah ee galleyda iyo baandooyinka ee kooxaha sanamyada qaab-dhismeedka masraxa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/kpop-hip-hop-culture-appropriation/|title=When K-pop culturally appropriates|last=Tucci|first=Sherry|date=April 2, 2016|work=The Daily Dot|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Kooxaha K-Pop ayaa sidoo kale lagu eedeeyay inay u qoondeeyeen Dhaladka Mareykanka<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://seoulbeats.com/2012/08/k-pop-and-cultural-appropriation-cool-culture/|title=K-pop and Cultural Appropriation: "Cool" Culture|date=August 24, 2012|work=Seoulbeats|access-date=April 10, 2018|archive-date=Bisha Saddexaad 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303052157/https://seoulbeats.com/2012/08/k-pop-and-cultural-appropriation-cool-culture/|url-status=dead}}</ref> iyo dhaqamada Hindida.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/ikrd/omg-ohmygirl|title=This K-Pop Girl Group Is Being Accused Of Appropriating Indian Culture|last=Dahir|first=Ikran|date=July 21, 2016|work=Buzzfeed|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dooddu waxay ku saabsan tahay in amaahda qaybaha dhaqanka ee dhaqammada ka baxsan Kuuriya ay dhab ahaan ka dhigan tahay qoondayn dhaqameed, ama haddii qoondayntan dhaqanku ay taban tahay haba yaraatee. Aqoonyahan Crystal S. Anderson ayaa qoray "in loo qoondeeyo waxyaabaha dhaqanka iyada oo laga saarayo macnahoodii hore oo loo adeegsado si gebi ahaanba ka duwan si toos ah uma noqonayso qoondayn dhaqan oo taban".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://highyellow.me/2013/01/12/of-misconceptions-about-cultural-appropriation-in-k-pop/|title=Of Misconceptions About Cultural Appropriation in K-pop|last=Anderson|first=Crystal|date=January 12, 2013|website=High Yellow|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref> === Suuqgeynta ===<!-- Soo noqoshada (K-pop) dib-u-jeedinta halkan, tani waa sababta ereygaas loogu dhiirran yahay --> Hay'ado badan ayaa u soo bandhigay dhagaystayaal kooxo sanamyo cusub ah iyada oo loo marayo "shirkii ugu horreeyay", kaas oo ka kooban suuq -geynta onlaynka iyo dhiirrigelinta baahinta telefishanka ee ka soo horjeeda raadiyaha.<ref name="npr 20121012">{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2012/10/12/162740623/gangnam-style-three-reasons-k-pop-is-taking-over-the-world|title=Gangnam Style: Three Reasons K-Pop Is Taking Over The World|last=Chace|first=Zoe|publisher=NPR|date=October 12, 2012|access-date=December 26, 2012}}</ref> Kooxaha waxaa la siiyaa magac iyo "fikrad", oo ay la socoto jillaab suuq geyn.  Fikradahaasi waa nooca mawduuca muuqaalka iyo muusigga ee kooxaha sanamyadu adeegsadaan marka ugu horreysa ama soo noqoshada.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/12-concepts-styles-korean-pop-stars|title=12 Concepts and Styles in K-Pop|date=February 8, 2016|work=The Odyssey Online|access-date=2018-11-15|language=en-us}}</ref> Fikradaha ayaa is beddeli kara inta u dhexeysa furitaannada iyo taageerayaasha inta badan waxay kala soocaan fikradaha kooxda wiilka iyo fikradaha kooxda gabdhaha.  Fikradaha ayaa sidoo kale loo qaybin karaa inta u dhexaysa fikradaha guud iyo fikradaha mawduucyada, sida quruxsan ama khiyaaliga ah.  Kooxaha sanamyada cusub ayaa badanaaba soo bixi doona iyaga oo wata fikrad si fiican suuqa looga yaqaan si ay u helaan guul guul leh.  Mararka qaarkood waaxyo-hoosaadyo ama kooxo-hoosaadyo ayaa laga dhex abuuraa xubnaha jira. Laba koox hoosaad oo tusaale ah waa Super Junior-K.R.Y., Oo ka kooban xubnaha Super Junior Kyuhyun, Ryeowook, iyo Yesung, iyo Super Junior-M, oo noqday mid ka mid ah kooxaha ugu badan ee iibiya K-pop ee Shiinaha.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/kpopkoreasmusica0000kall|url-access=registration|title=K-Pop: Korea's Musical Explosion|last=Kallen|first=Stuart A.|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|year=2014|isbn=9781467720427|page=[https://archive.org/details/kpopkoreasmusica0000kall/page/37 37]&ndash;38}}</ref> Suuqgeynta internetka waxaa ku jira fiidyowyo muusig oo lagu dhajiyay YouTube si loo gaaro dhagaystayaasha adduunka oo dhan.<ref name="npr 20121012" /> Kahor fiidiyaha dhabta ah, kooxdu waxay sii deyneysaa sawirro teaser ah iyo isjiidka.  Wareegyada dhiirrigelinta ee kelida xigta ayaa la yiraahdaa '''Soo noqoshada''' <!-- FIIRO GAAR AH: Ujeeddada laga iftiimiyay tan iyo erayga ayaa tilmaamaya halkan -->xataa marka muusik -yahanka ama kooxda su'aashu aysan joogsan.<ref name="ramstadwsj2">{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/12/31/korea-counts-down-not-just-to-new-year-but-to-new-girls-album/|title=Korea Counts Down Not Just To New Year, But to New Girls' Album|last=Ramstad|first=Evan|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|quote=K-pop news sites for the past couple of weeks have seemed to have some new video or bit of Girls-related gossip to chew over once or twice a day. There's been a "drama" teaser and a "dance" teaser (that's the one above) and countdown videos from each of the group's nine members... One of the unique things about album releases by K-pop artists is that they are routinely called 'comebacks' even when there's been no evidence that the musician or group went away or, in the conventional sports usage of the term, experienced a setback or loss.|access-date=January 5, 2013|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606142118/https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/12/31/korea-counts-down-not-just-to-new-year-but-to-new-girls-album/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Qoob ka ciyaarka === [[File:'강렬한_데뷔'_느와르,_한편의_느와르_영화_같은_격렬한_사운드_-NOIR_(디패짤).webm|start=60|end=130|thumb|Qoob-ka-ciyaarka "Gangsta", oo ah qoob-ka-cayaarka elektaroonigga ah ee Noir, waxaa ka mid ah barta dheesha.<ref>{{cite news|last1=정|first1=준화|title=[SC현장] "롤모델은 방탄소년단"...느와르, 벌써 '핫' 한 9인조 (종합)|url=http://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201804100100075380005500&servicedate=20180409|access-date=March 9, 2019|work=스포츠조선|date=April 9, 2018|language=ko}}</ref>]] Qoob-ka-ciyaarka waa qayb muhiim u ah K-pop.  Marka la isku darayo fannaaniin badan, fannaaniintu waxay badiyaa beddelaan boosaskooda marka ay heesaan iyo dheesha iyagoo dhaq -dhaqaaqyo dhaqso leh ka samaynaya isku -dheelitirnaanta, istiraatiijiyad la yiraahdo "is -beddelidda qaab -dhismeedka" (자리바꿈, ''Jaribaggum'').<ref name="Groove Nation">{{cite web|title=유튜브 센세이션, 그루브네이션(Groove Nation)과 인터뷰|url=https://kpopalltime.wordpress.com/tag/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98/|access-date=December 27, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000717/https://kpopalltime.wordpress.com/tag/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%8C%EB%84%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98/|archive-date=December 28, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Qoob-ka-ciyaarka K-pop (안무, ''Anmu'') inta badan waxaa ka mid ah waxa loogu yeero "barta dheesha" (포인트 안무), isagoo tixraacaya qoob -ka -ciyaarka oo ka kooban jillaab iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo soo noqnoqda oo dheesha dhexdeeda ah oo u dhigma astaamaha heesta.<ref name="asiaone">{{cite web|title=K-pop's second wave|url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20110822-295555.html|access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name="K-Pop success">{{cite web|title=K-Pop success for easy choreography|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013041629988|access-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref> Super Junior ee "Sorry Sorry" iyo Brown Eyed Girls ee "Abracadabra" waa tusaalayaal heesaha leh qoob ka ciyaarka "barta" dheesha.  Si aad qoob -ka -cayaar ugu samayso hees waxay u baahan tahay in qorayaashu ay tixgeliyaan waqtiga.<ref name="the verge">{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/18/3516562/k-pop-invades-america-south-korea-pop-music-factory|title=K-Pop takes America: how South Korea's music machine is conquering the world|date=October 18, 2012|access-date=December 27, 2017|website=The Verge}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay Ellen Kim, oo ah qoob -ka -ciyaarka Los Angeles, awoodda taageere ee ah inuu sameeyo tillaabooyin isku mid ah waa in sidoo kale la tixgeliyaa. Sidaa awgeed, qoob-ka-ciyaarka K-pop waa inay fududeeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa.<ref name="the verge" /> [[File:(24K(투포케이))_4집_날라리(Superfly)_안무_영상_(사복ver.).jpg|alt=Seven young men performing synchronised dance moves, wearing casual clothing. Some of them have dyed hair.|thumb|24K qoob -ka -ciyaarka istuudiyaha tababarka]] Tababbarka iyo u diyaargarowga lagama maarmaanka u ah fannaaniinta K-pop si ay ugu guuleystaan ​​warshadaha iyo qoob-ka-ciyaarka si guul leh waa kuwo xooggan. Xarumaha tababarku waxay horumariyaan xirfadaha qoob -ka -ciyaarka ee dhalinyarada si loo siiyo fursad ay ku noqdaan heesaa.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|url=https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/8x49y3/inside-k-pop-training-centers-korea|title=Inside the Intense Training Centers Where Young Girls Compete to Be K-Pop Stars|date=October 5, 2016|work=Broadly|access-date=2018-10-15|language=en-us|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=2018-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104303/https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/8x49y3/inside-k-pop-training-centers-korea|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Tababbarka jidhku waa midka ugu weyn ee xoogga la saaro dugsiga, maadaama inta badan jadwalka ardaygu ku salaysan yahay dheesha iyo jimicsiga.<ref name=":16" /> Summadaha madadaalada ayaa aad loo xushay, sidaa darteed in yar baa caan ka dhigta.  Ardayda dugsigu waa inay naftooda u huraan qoob-ka-ciyaarka si ay ugu diyaargaroobaan jadwalka xoogga leh ee ay qabtaan kooxaha K-pop.  Tani, dabcan, waxay ka dhigan tahay in tababarku sii socdo haddii la saxiixo. Shirkaduhu waxay leeyihiin xarumo tababar oo aad u weyn kuwa la doortay. <ref name=":16" /> === Moodo === {{See also|Moodo ee Koonfur Kuuriya}}Soo bixitaankii Seo Taiji and Boys 1992-kii waxay dhabaha u xaaraysay horumarinta kooxaha K-pop ee casriga ah.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Jin|first=Dal Yong|date=April 20, 2017|title=Critical Discourse of K-pop within Globalization|url=http://illinois.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.001.0001/upso-9780252039973-chapter-006|volume=1|language=en|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0006|isbn=9780252098147|publisher=University of Illinois Press}}</ref> Kooxdu waxay wax ka beddeshay masraxa muusigga Kuuriya iyaga oo ku daray heesaha rap iyo heesaha hip-hop-ka Mareykanka muusikadooda.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lie|first=John|date=2012|title=What Is the K in K-pop? South Korean Popular Music, the Culture Industry, and National Identity|journal=Korea Observer|volume=43|pages=339–63}}</ref> Qaadashadan qaabka reer Galbeedka waxay ku fidday moodooyinkii ay xirnaayeen kooxda wiilka: xubnuhu waxay qaateen bilicsanaanta hip-hop.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=K-pop : popular music, cultural amnesia, and economic innovation in South Korea|last=John|first=Lie|isbn=9780520958944|location=Oakland, California|oclc=893686334|date=November 24, 2014}}</ref> Dharka Seo iyo koox-kooxeedyada wareegga xayeysiinta ee "Nan Arayo" (난 알아요, I Know) waxaa ku jiray dhar-waddo firfircoon sida funaanado waaweyn iyo funaanado dhidid ah, dabaylaha, guud-xidhashada hal suunka ah, jaakadaha duuban oo leh hal lug oo surwaal la duubay,  iyo funaanadaha kooxda isboortiga Mareykanka.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} Maadaama K-pop "uu ka dhashay isbeddellada Seo kadib,"<ref name=":7" /> Muusikada caanka ah ee Kuuriyaanka oo isu beddelaysa warbaahinta ay dhallinyaradu ku badan tahay, kooxaha sanamyada dhallinta ee la soo saaray ayaa bilaabay dooddooda badhtamihii iyo dabayaaqadii 1990-meeyadii,<ref name=":6" /> xirashada dharka isku -duwaha<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171018000840|title=[Herald Interview] Girls' Generation's stylist caps K-pop fashion industry over years|last=Herald|first=The Korea|date=October 18, 2017|access-date=2018-05-07|language=en}}</ref> taas oo ka tarjumaysay isbeddellada moodada caanka ah ee dhallinyarada xilligaas. Moodo Hip-hop, oo loo tixgeliyey qaabkii ugu caansanaa dabayaaqadii 90meeyadii.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.retrowaste.com/1990s/fashion-in-the-1990s/|title=1990s Fashion: Styles, Trends, History & Pictures|website=www.retrowaste.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-07}}</ref> [[File:BBV7.jpg|alt=Two women dancing, wearing colourful, trendy clothing and with exposed midriffs|thumb|Xubno ka tirsan [[Baby Vox]] oo soo bandhigaya ee 2004]] In kasta oo labiska kooxaha sanamyada labadoodaba lagu dhisay nidaamyo midab leh oo isku mid ah, marooyin, iyo qaabab, haddana dharkii uu xidhnaa xubin kasta ayaa wali sii wata shaqsiyaddii.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|jstor=10.3998/mpub.7651262|title=Hallyu 2.0: The Korean Wave in the Age of Social Media|last1=KWAK|first1=NOJIN|last2=RYU|first2=YOUNGJU|date=2015|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472072521|editor-last=Lee|editor-first=Sangjoon|doi=10.3998/mpub.7651262|editor2-last=Nornes|editor2-first=Abé Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0r8rQEACAAJ}}</ref> Dhinaca kale, kooxaha sanamyada dumarka ah ee '90meeyadii ayaa soo xirtay dhar isku mid ah, oo inta badan isku si loo qaabeeyo.<ref name=":8" /> Dharka loogu talagalay sanamyada dheddig inta lagu guda jiro dallacsiinta hore waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan muujinta sawir aan dambi lahayn, dhallinyaranimo.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Shim|first=Doobo|date=2006|title=Hybridity and the Rise of Korean Popular Culture in Asia|journal=Media, Culture & Society|volume=28|pages=29|doi=10.1177/0163443706059278|s2cid=204327176}}</ref> [[S.E.S. (band)|S.E.S.]] ee "[[I'm Your Girl (album)|I'm Your Girl]]" (1997), iyo [[Baby Vox]] "[[Ya Ya Ya]]" (1998) waxaa lagu soo bandhigay gabdho ku lebisan dhar cad, "To My Boyfriend" oo uu qoray [[Fin.K.L]] wuxuu muujinayaa sanamyo ku jira dharka iskuulka ee casaanka ah, iyo "One" iyo "End" ee Chakra ayaa soo bandhigay dharkii Hindiga iyo Afrikaanka. Maadaama K-pop uu noqday isku-dhafka casriga ah ee dhaqamada reer Galbeedka iyo Aasiya laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii,<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=10.5406/j.ctt18j8wkv.9|title=New Korean Wave|date=2016|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=9780252039973|editor-last=JIN|editor-first=DAL YONG|series=Transnational Cultural Power in the Age of Social Media|pages=111–130|doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.001.0001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_IWjjgEACAAJ|last1=Jin|first1=DAL Yong|chapter=Critical Discourse of K-pop within Globalization}}</ref> moodada K-pop waxay muujisay kala duwanaansho iyo kala soocid sidoo kale.  Isbeddellada moodada laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2000 -meeyadii illaa horraantii 2010 -yadii ayaa inta badan lagu kala saari karaa kuwa soo socda:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Yun|date=Spring 2012|title=K-pop 스타의 패션에 관한 연구|url=http://www.ksfd.co.kr/neowiz/board/up_files/files_1/2012_vol12no2_02_ky.pdf|journal=Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion Design|volume=12|issue=2|pages=17–37}}</ref> * Wadada: wuxuu diiradda saarayaa shaqsiyadda;  waxay leedahay midabyo dhalaalaya, qaab-dhismeed isku-dhafan, daabacaad garaafyo, iyo magacyo isboorti sida Adidas iyo Reebok.<!--Faallooyinkaasi waxay bixiyaan tusaalooyinka laga helay isha: (sida. 2NE1 - Fire, SHINee - Ring Ding Dong)--> * Retro: ujeeddadiisu tahay inay soo celiso "hore" laga soo bilaabo 1960 -kii illaa 1980 -yadii;  qoreysa dhibco daabacan iyo qaabab faahfaahsan. Alaabta dharka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah jaakadaha denim-ka, surwaalka kabaha lagu gooyay, surwaalka ballaaran, xargaha timaha, garbasaarrada, iyo muraayadaha qorraxda.<!--(sida. Wonder Girls - Nobody, Tiara - Roly Poly)--> * Galmada: waxay iftiiminaysaa dheddignimada iyo ragannimada; waxay soo bandhigtaa dhar muujinaya satin, xargo, dhogor, iyo maqaar.  Alaabta dharka caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah goonnada yaryar, koorsooyinka, sharabaadadka saafiga ah, cidhibta dhaadheer, jaakadaha aan gacmaha lahayn, iyo funaanadaha la arko.<!--(sida. Girls' Generation - The Boys, After School, TVXQ - Mirotic, 2PM)--> * Madow & Caddaan: wuxuu xooga saaraa casriga iyo xiisaha leh, wuxuu astaan ​​u yahay xarrago iyo karti, inta badan lagu dabaqo xirashada rasmiga ah.<!-- (sida. Girls' Generation - Genie, Super Junior - Sorry Sorry, Beast - Fiction)--> * Futurism-ka: sida caadiga ah lagu xidho noocyada elektiroonigga ah iyo hip-hop;  wuxuu muujiyaa alaab midab leh, faahfaahin macdan ah iyo daabac;  wuxuu kor u qaadaa aragtida mustaqbalka.<!-- (sida. 2NE1 - I am the Best, Wonder Girls - Like Money)--> {{multiple image|align=left|total_width=1000|header=|image1=2NE1 2009 MAMA.jpg|alt1=Four women wearing colourful, mismatched casual clothing and trendy sneakers|caption1=2NE1 oo fulineysa I don't Care—tusaale qaabka wadada|image2=Wonder Girls from acrofan cropped.jpg|alt2=Five women with beehive hairstyles wearing matching golden sheath dresses and elbow-length gloves|caption2=Wonder Girls oo fulineysa Nobody—tusaale qaabka retro|image3=2PM,a Korean boy band - 5865346497 (cropped).jpg|alt3=Six men wearing form-fitting black sleeveless shirts, leather pants, and combat boots. They have prominent eye makeup and each has a different gelled hairstyle.|caption3=2PM—tusaale qaabka galmada|image4=MBLAQ_in_2010_(cropped).jpg|alt4=Five men with bowl haircuts and eyeliner wearing close-fitting, shiny suits—some black with white embellishment, others white with black embellishment.|caption4=[[MBLAQ]]— tusaale qaabka madow & caddaan|footer=}}{{clear}}K-pop wuxuu saameyn weyn ku leeyahay moodada Aasiya, halkaas oo isbeddellada ay sanamyada ka bilaabeen ay raacaan dhagaystayaasha dhallinta yar.<ref name="inquirer2">{{cite web|url=http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/14895/k-pops-slick-productions-win-fans-across-asia|title=K-pop's slick productions win fans across Asia|date=September 21, 2011|publisher=Inquirer|access-date=April 2, 2012}}</ref> Sanamyada qaarkood waxay u dejiyeen xaalad sida astaamaha moodada, sida G-Dragon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2012/12/25/2012122500365.html|title=G-Dragon Voted Best-Dressed Celebrity of the Year|work=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|date=December 25, 2012|access-date=March 2, 2017}}</ref> iyo CL, oo si joogta ah ula soo shaqeeyay naqshadeeyaha moodada Jeremy Scott.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.papermag.com/jeremy-scott-and-cl-on-moschino-pop-culture-and-the-power-of-girls-1427634656.html|title=Jeremy Scott and CL On Moschino, Pop Culture and the Power Of Girls|last=PAPERMAG|website=PAPERMAG|access-date=April 12, 2016|date=August 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2253244/jeremy-scott-cl-paper-mag/|title=Bow Down To The Ultimate Besties Jeremy Scott And CL In 'Paper' Mag|website=MTV News|access-date=April 12, 2016|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423153209/http://www.mtv.com/news/2253244/jeremy-scott-cl-paper-mag/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay borofisar Ingyu Oh, "K-pop wuxuu xooga saaraa dhuuban, dhaadheer, iyo dheddig muuqaal ahaan qaangaarka ama mararka qaarkood aad u qurux badan wajiga, iyadoon loo eegayn inay yihiin fannaaniin lab ama dheddig ah."<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Ingyu|last=Oh|title=The Globalization of K-pop: Korea's Place in the Global Music Industry|access-date=January 15, 2020|url=https://www.academia.edu/4732546|page=402}}</ref> == Warshadaha == === Wakaaladaha === K-pop waxay dhalisay warshado dhan oo ka kooban guryo wax soo saar muusig, shirkado maareyn dhacdooyin, qaybiyayaal muusig, iyo badeecado kale iyo adeeg bixiyayaal.  Saddexda shirkadood ee ugu waaweyn xagga iibka iyo dakhliga ayaa kala ah [[SM Entertainment]], [[YG Entertainment]] iyo [[JYP Entertainment]], oo inta badan loogu yeero 'Saddexda Weyn'.<ref name="big32">{{cite web|url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2011072657978|title=The big 3 of Korean pop music and entertainment|date=July 26, 2011|publisher=The Dong-A Ilbo|access-date=February 5, 2012}}</ref> Summadahan diiwaanka ayaa sidoo kale u shaqeeya wakaaladaha wakiillada fannaaniintooda.  Waxay mas'uul ka yihiin qorista, maalgelinta, tababarka, iyo suuq-geynta fannaaniinta cusub iyo sidoo kale maareynta dhaqdhaqaaqyadooda muusigga iyo xiriirka dadweynaha.  Hadda, wakaaladda ugu saamiga badan suuqa waa SM.<ref name="big32" /> Sannadkii 2011, oo ay weheliyaan Star J Entertainment, AM Entertainment, iyo Key East, Shirkadaha Saddexda Weyn ayaa aasaasay shirkadda maareynta wadajirka ah United Asia Management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allkpop.com/2011/09/united-asia-management-to-hold-a-talent-meeting-at-the-16th-busan-international-film-festival|title=United Asia Management to hold a 'talent meeting' at the 16th 'Busan International Film Festival'|date=September 8, 2011|publisher=Allkpop|access-date=March 1, 2012}}</ref><ref name="UAM2">{{cite web|url=http://www.hancinema.net/global-star-agency-united-asia-management-29846.html|title=Global Star Agency, United Asia Management|date=May 6, 2011|publisher=Hancinema|access-date=March 1, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uam.asia/|title=UAM -United Asia Management|website=uam.asia|access-date=April 12, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313204038/http://uam.asia/|archive-date=March 13, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Dakhliga guud ee summadaha rikoodhada K-pop (oo ah malaayiin doolarka Mareykanka ah) !Sanadkii la aasaasay !Calaamadda diiwaanka !2008 !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 !2020 !Source |- |1995 |[[SM Entertainment]] |42.5 |87.1 |129 |241 |268 |286.9 |290 |314 |329 |551 |592 |521 |<ref name="smbillion">{{cite magazine|title=S.M. Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=041510:KS|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|access-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302142038/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=041510:KS|archive-date=March 2, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |1996 |[[YG Entertainment]] |16.5 |51.8 |70.3 |96.9 |116.6 |156.3 |170 |286.4 |321.5 |242 |228 |229 |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=YG Entertainment (122870:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=122870:KS|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|access-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723213322/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=122870:KS|archive-date=July 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |1997 |[[JYP Entertainment]] |3.1 |9.1 |17.8 |13.5 |21.4 |48.5 |50.56 |69.5 |94 |111 |139 |129 |<ref>{{cite magazine|title=JYP Entertainment Corp (035900:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=035900:KS|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|access-date=March 29, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723213343/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/financials.asp?ticker=035900:KS|archive-date=July 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |- |} === Qiimaha iibka iyo suuqa === Sannadkii 2009, DFSB Kollective wuxuu noqday qaybiyaha koowaad ee K-pop ee [[iTunes]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2013227,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829073951/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2013227,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 29, 2010|title=Korean Pop, with Online Help, Goes Global|date=August 26, 2010|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|quote=DFSB Kollective was the first company to begin direct distribution of Korean music acts on iTunes, in 2009. It began with more than 50 Korean artists in the alternative, hip-hop and electronica genres; now there are hundreds of Korean artists available in the online music store.|access-date=April 3, 2013}}</ref> Sanadkii 2011, 1,100 album ayaa laga sii daayay Koonfur Kuuriya. Nooca hip-hop wuxuu lahaa matalaadda ugu badan, saddex meelood laba meel wadarta albumyada.<ref name="케이팝에 왜 열광하지?…케이팝의 두 얼굴2">{{cite news|url=http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=30120109101331|last=이|first=동연|date=January 11, 2012|newspaper=PRESSian|language=ko|script-title=ko:"케이팝에 왜 열광하지?"…케이팝의 두 얼굴|access-date=March 11, 2012}}</ref> Saddex-meelood meel albumsyadu waxay ka yimaadeen noocyo kala duwan.<ref name="케이팝에 왜 열광하지?…케이팝의 두 얼굴2" /> Sannadkii 2012, celceliska qiimaha helitaanka heesaha K-pop ee Koonfur Kuuriya ayaa gaadhay US $ 0.10 si loo soo dejiyo hal mar, ama $ 0.002 markii lagu baahiyay internetka.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cashing-gangnam-styles-youtube-fame|title=PSY's riches from 'Gangnam Style' not made at home|agency=Associated Press|quote=South Koreans pay less than $10 a month for a subscription to a music service that allows them to download hundreds of songs or have unlimited access to a music streaming service. That makes the cost of a downloaded song about 10 cents on average. The average price for streaming a song is 0.2 cents.|access-date=December 30, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113112915/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cashing-gangnam-styles-youtube-fame|archive-date=January 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://world.time.com/2012/03/07/south-koreas-greatest-export-how-k-pops-rocking-the-world/|title=South Korea's Greatest Export: How K-Pop's Rocking the World|date=March 7, 2012|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 28, 2013|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916232241/http://world.time.com/2012/03/07/south-koreas-greatest-export-how-k-pops-rocking-the-world/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="billboardrevenue3">{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/474456/psys-gangnam-style-the-billboard-cover-story?page=0%2C1|title=PSY's 'Gangnam Style': The Billboard Cover Story|last=Kwak|first=Donnie|quote=The Korean music industry grossed nearly $3.4 billion in the first half of 2012, according to Billboard estimates, a 27.8% increase from the same period last year.|work=Billboard|access-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Dakhliga iibka ee warshadaha muusikada ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed laga soo bilaabo 2014 illaa 2018 (bilyan doolarka Mareykanka) |- |- |- !Sanad !Lacagta |- !2014 !4.1 |- !2015 !4.5 |- !2016 !4.75 |- !2017 !5.2 |- !2018 !5.5 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+Soo-koobidda Suuqa Suuqa (Muddo 5-sano ah) (Bilowga soo-koobidda sannadka) summadaha diiwaanka (ee Kuuriya Won (KRW) !Calaamadda diiwaanka !2017 !2018 !2019 !2020 !2021 !source |- |[[SM Entertainment]] |26,000 KRW |33,700 KRW |52,200 KRW |37,200 KRW |29,900 KRW |<ref name="smstocks"><nowiki>{{cite google|title=S.M. Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=</nowiki>https://www.google.com/finance/quote/041510:KOSDAQ?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV14CRvKzwAhXTN30KHaxrByQQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&window=5Y</ref> |- |[[JYP Entertainment]] |4,880 KRW |13,350 KRW |30,250 KRW |24,200 KRW |37,800 KRW |<ref name="JYPstocks"><nowiki>{{cite google|title=JYP Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|</nowiki>https://www.google.com/finance/quote/035900:KOSDAQ?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiOz5uwvKzwAhVTHzQIHaNZBr4Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&window=5Y</ref> |- |[[YG Entertainment]] |28,400 KRW |27,600 KRW |48,900 KRW |28,400 KRW |45,100 KRW |<ref name="YGstocks"><nowiki>{{cite google|title=YG Entertainment (041510:KOSDAQ): Financial Statements|url=</nowiki>https://www.google.com/finance/quote/122870:KOSDAQ?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN8_GhiKXwAhXZJTQIHfWZCc0Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&window=5Y</ref> |- |} === Jaantusyada diiwaanka === Jaantusyada rikoodhka Kuuriya waxaa ka mid ah Kuuriya [[K-Pop Hot 100]] iyo [[Shaxda Dijital Gaon|Shaxda Heesaha Gaon]].  Qaar ka mid ah diiwaannada K-pop ayaa ka muuqday [[Oricon Albamyada Shaxda]] ee Jabaan iyo [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] ee Mareykanka.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/6084721/exo-k-overdose-ep-enters-billboard-200</ref><ref>http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/bts-make-history-as-they-become-the-first-korean-band-to-enter-the-official-albums-chart-with-wings__16676/</ref><ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7542131/bts-wings-highest-charting-best-selling-kpop-album-billboard-200</ref><ref>http://headlineplanet.com/home/2017/02/12/bts-spring-day-not-today-reach-top-20-us-itunes-sales-chart-you-never-walk-alone-also-rising/</ref><ref>http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/foo-fighters-secure-their-fourth-number-1-on-the-official-albums-chart-with-concrete-and-gold__20501/</ref><ref>Thomas, C. (2018). BTS: The K-Pop Group That Finally Won America Over. Forbes.Com, 5.</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200901173118/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/chart-beat/9442836/bts-dynamite-tops-hot-100-chart</ref><ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/8462635/blackpink-k-pop-history-hot-100-billboard-200</ref> === Nidaamka tababbarka === {{See also|Qandaraaska addoonta|label 1=}}Sida waafaqsan K-pop-ka casriga ah, tababarayaashu waxay maraan nidaam tababar oo adag waqti aan la cayimin kahor intaan la bilaabin.  Habkan waxaa caan ku ahaa Lee Soo-man, aasaasihii S.M,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/lee-soo-man-taking-korean-pop-culture-global|title=Lee Soo Man: Taking Korean Pop Culture Global|website=Stanford Graduate School of Business|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> oo qayb ka ah fikradda lagu tilmaamay "farsamada dhaqanka".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/08/factory-girls-2|title=Factory Girls|last=Seabrook|first=John|date=October 8, 2012|newspaper=The New Yorker|issn=0028-792X|access-date=April 12, 2016}}</ref> ''The Verge'' ayaa tan ku tilmaamay nidaam "xad-dhaaf ah" oo ah maareynta farshaxanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/10/18/3516562/k-pop-invades-america-south-korea-pop-music-factory|title=K-Pop takes America: how South Korea's music machine is conquering the world|last=Flatley|first=Joseph|website=The Verge|access-date=October 19, 2012|date=October 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name="newforce392">''K-Pop: A New Force in Pop Music'', p. 39</ref> Sababtoo ah muddada tababarka, oo socon karta sannado badan, iyo xaddiga badan ee hay'adaha maalgashiga ee la siinayo tababarayaashooda, warshaduhu aad bay u culus yihiin inay bilaabaan fannaaniin cusub. Tababarayaashu waxay geli karaan wakaalad iyagoo adeegsanaya baaritaanno ama la baari doono, oo marka la qoro la siiyo hoy iyo fasallo (caadiyan heesta, qoob ka ciyaarka, iyo luqadaha shisheeye sida Mandarin, Ingiriis iyo Jabbaan) inta ay isku diyaarinayaan kulankooda ugu horreeya. Dhalinyarada tababbarka ah ayaa mararka qaarkood iskuulka taga waqti isku mid ah  Ma jiro xadka da'da si aad u noqotid tababaraha mana jiro wax ku eg muddada uu qofku ku qaadan karo tababar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/08/02/how-korea-became-the-worlds-coolest-brand/|title=How Korea became the world's coolest brand|date=August 2, 2014|newspaper=Financial Post|access-date=January 18, 2015|first=Melissa|last=Leong}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/05/03/journey-to-k-pop-star-i-am|title=Journey to K-Pop Star, 'I Am.' – Korea Real Time|last=Woo|first=Jaeyeon|date=May 3, 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=September 17, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/4143/20120207/yg-jyp-sm.htm|title=KPop's Frontiers: How Does the Big 3 Teach Foreign Languages to Their Trainees?|date=February 7, 2012|publisher=Kpopstarz.com|access-date=March 1, 2012|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Labaad 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210222849/http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/4143/20120207/yg-jyp-sm.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Telefishanka === [[File:20160730-P1000788_(28888844071).jpg|right|thumb|Kooxda gabdhaha ku-meel-gaarka ah ee ka kooban 11-ka xubnood ee I.O.I waxaa lagu soo ururiyey barnaamijka telefishanka Produce 101.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Herman|first1=Tamar|title=Temporary K-Pop Acts Like Wanna One, JBJ & I.O.I Are the New Norm|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8454629/temporary-k-pop-acts-wanna-one-jbj-ioi-new-norm|access-date=March 9, 2019|work=Billboard|date=May 7, 2018}}</ref>]] Warshadaha muusigga Kuuriya waxay dhaleen bandhigyo TV oo badan oo la xiriira, oo ay ku jiraan bandhigyo hibo leh sida ''Superstar K,'' ''K-pop Star'', ''Show Me the Money,'' ''Unpretty Rapstar,'' and many other shows, which commonly pit trainees against each other in order to form a new idol group. iyo bandhigyo kale oo badan, kuwaas oo inta badan iska hor keena ardayda si ay u sameeyaan koox sanam oo cusub. Tusaalooyinka bandhigyada badbaadada waxaa ka mid ah ''MyDOL''-ka Jellyfish Entertainment, oo sameeyay kooxda wiilka VIXX.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sung Si Kyung to feature debut process of idol stars through 'Mydol'|url=http://www.allkpop.com/article/2012/03/sung-si-kyung-to-feature-debut-process-of-idol-stars-through-mydol#axzz2r72X3ocq|access-date=March 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/5428/my-dols-ten-potential-members-revealed-ahead-of-show-premiere|title=Jellyfish Male Trainees Revealed Ahead of ′My Dol′ Premiere|publisher=CJ E&M enewsWorld|access-date=March 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329114621/http://mwave.interest.me/enewsworld/en/article/5428/my-dols-ten-potential-members-revealed-ahead-of-show-premiere|archive-date=March 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[YG Entertainment]] ee ''WIN: Who Is Next'', oo sameeyay kooxda Winner; ''MIX&MATCH'', oo sameeyay kooxda iKon; [[JYP Entertainment]] ee ''[[Sixteen (TV series)|Sixteen]]'', oo sameeyay kooxda [[Twice]]; Starship Entertainment's ''No.Mercy'', oo sameeyay kooxda Monsta X; Cube Entertainment's ''Pentagon Maker'', oo sameeyay kooxda Pentagon; [[Mnet]] ee ''Produce 101'', oo sameeyay kooxda I.O.I, Iz*One, iyo Wanna One iyo X1;<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sung|first1=So-young|title=TV competition aims to form a K-pop supergroup|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3014227|work=[[JoongAng Ilbo#Korea JoongAng Daily|Korea JoongAng Daily]]|access-date=January 25, 2016|archive-date=Bisha Koobaad 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126002240/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3014227|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kim|first1=Ji-young|title=Produce 101' girl group to be named 'IOI'|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201604011905149913238_2|website=Kpop Herald|access-date=April 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Ref1">{{cite web|last1=Ko|first1=Dong-hwan|title=101 girls down to 'I.O.I'|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2016/04/201_201874.html|website=Korea Times|publisher=The Korea Times|access-date=April 7, 2016|date=April 4, 2016}}</ref> Duble Kick Entertainment ee ''Finding Momo Land'', oo sameeyay kooxda Momoland; Mnet ee ''Idol School,'' oo sameeyay kooxda Fromis 9; iyo kii ugu dambeeyay, Belift Lab ee ''I-Land'', oo sameeyay Enhypen. Kordhinta bandhigyadan, oo inta badan ku lug leh hay'ado waaweyn oo qandaraas siiya tababarayaasha hay'adaha yar yar kooxaha mashruuca oo qaadanaya qayb weyn oo dakhliyada ah, ayaa horseeday dhaleeceyn ku aaddan ka-hor-tagga warshadaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8031250/k-pop-audition-shows-produce-big-results-south-korea-music-industry|title=K-Pop Audition Shows Produce Big Results, But Cause Concerns Over Industry's Future|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=December 11, 2017|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171025000927|title=Yet another idol competition show 'The Unit' unveiled|last=Hong|first=Dam-young|date=October 25, 2017|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|access-date=2018-07-20}}</ref> === Dhaleeceynta dhaqamada warshadaha === ==== Musuqmaasuqa ==== Sannadkii 2002, majaladda ''[[Majladda Time|Time]]'' ayaa soo warisay in soo-saareyaasha telefishanka Kuuriya sida Hwang Yong-woo iyo Kim Jong-jin loo xiray inay "aqbaleen lacag-bixinno miiska hoostiisa ah oo dammaanad-ka-bixitaannada TV-ga u muujinaya fannaaniinta iyo fannaaniinta damacsan" si ay wax uga qabtaan "musuqmaasuqa nidaamsan"  ganacsiga muusikada ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed ". Shirkadaha la baaray waxaa ka mid ahaa SidusHQ iyo S.M.<ref name="autogenerated12" /> ==== Ka faa'iidaysiga iyo duruufaha nololeed ee liita ==== Shirkadaha maamulka K-pop ayaa sidoo kale lagu dhaleeceeyay ka faa'iidaysiga sanamyada iyada oo loo marayo shaqo-dhaaf iyo qandaraasyo xaddidan, oo lagu tilmaamay "qandaraasyada addoonta" warbixin ''BBC''.<ref name="BBCdark4">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13760064|title=The dark side of South Korean pop music|date=June 14, 2011|access-date=January 6, 2012|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay ''The Hollywood Reporter'', "Ganacsiga madadaalada ee Kuuriya ayaa caan ku ah wax-ka-beddel la'aan iyo sharci la'aan. Xiddigaha K-pop-ka loo baahan yahay-oo badankoodu yihiin 'sanamyo' dhallinyaro ah '-ayaa lagu yaqaannay inay ku celceliyaan oo ay hurdo la'aan seexdaan."<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/south-korean-law-protect-young-717098|title=South Korean Law to Protect Young K-Pop Stars From Sexualization, Overwork|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> Bishii Luulyo 2009, S.M. waxaa maxkamad geeyey TVXQ iyo xubin Super Junior ah, kuwaas oo ku andacooday in xaaladooda shaqo ay horseeday waxyeelo caafimaad darro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/entertainment/enter_chart_detail.htm?No=10722|title=Will TVXQ Stay Together?|date=October 28, 2009|work=KBS World|access-date=October 28, 2009}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://star.mt.co.kr/view/stview.php?no=2009122215270135930&type=1&outlink=1</ref> Go’aanka maxkamadda ee dacwada TVXQ ayaa lagu go’aamiyay heshiiska ay la galeen S.M. madhan, oo ugu dambayntii Guddida Ganacsiga Caddaaladdu waxay sii daysay tusaalooyin qandaraas si ay u habayso xaaladaha warshadaha.<ref name="BBCdark4" /> Sannadkii 2014 -kii, Koonfur Kuuriya waxay meel -marisay sharci lagu hago warshadaha muusigga, iyadoo sanamyada ka yar 19 jir ka ilaalinaya dhaqamada foosha xun iyo bandhigyada galmada<ref>[http://www.wonderingsound.com/news/south-korea-passes-law-regulating-k-pop-industry/ South Korea Passes Law Regulating K-Pop Industry] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wonderingsound.com/news/south-korea-passes-law-regulating-k-pop-industry/ |date=20140804122719 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804122719/http://www.wonderingsound.com/news/south-korea-passes-law-regulating-k-pop-industry/|date=August 4, 2014}} WonderingSound.com (July 8, 2014). Retrieved on August 3, 2014.</ref> iyo damaanad qaadka "xuquuqda aasaasiga ah ee wax-barashada, nasashada iyo hurdada".<ref name=":02" /> Ku guul darreysiga u hoggaansanaanta xeerarkan waxay horseedi kartaa ganaax u dhigma US $ 10,000.<ref name=":02" /> Xirfadlayaasha warshadaha sida Kim Young-min ayaa difaacay nidaamka, iyagoo ku doodaya in shaqsiyaadka lagu dhex tababaray nidaamka “aysan ka duwanayn carruurta caadiga ah ee dugsiga dhexe ama sare, kuwaas oo aada barnaamijyada dugsiga kadib si ay ugu ciriiriyaan imtixaannada gelitaanka kulliyadda”.  Kim wuxuu kaloo ku dooday inay jirto baahi loo qabo in la tixgeliyo kharashaadka ay shirkaddu gashay muddadii uu tababarku socday, oo ay ku jiraan "tas -hiilaadka, qalabka, dharka, iyo ku dhawaad ​​wax kasta oo tababaruhu u baahan yahay".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Gil-Sung|date=2013|title=Manufacturing Creativity: Production, Performance|url=https://www.ekoreajournal.net/sysLib/down.php?file=..%2FUPLOAD%2FT_articles%2F2(Gil-Sung_PARK).pdf|journal=Korea Journal|volume=53|issue=4|pages=14–33|doi=10.25024/kj.2013.53.4.14|doi-access=free|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2021-08-20|archive-date=2018-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412082058/https://www.ekoreajournal.net/sysLib/down.php?file=..%2FUPLOAD%2FT_articles%2F2(Gil-Sung_PARK).pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 7, 2017, Guddiga Ganacsiga Caddaaladda ee Koonfur Kuuriya (KFTC) ayaa meel mariyay xeerar cusub si looga ilaaliyo sanamyada tababbarka sharuudaha aan caddaaladda ahayn iyo xaaladaha shaqada. Xeerarkan ka hor, sanamyada tababbarka ee siddeed hay'adood oo sanamyada looma oggola inay qandaraas ka raadsadaan hay'ad kale intii ay tababarka ku jireen. Intaa waxaa dheer, hay'aduhu waxay awoodeen inay joojiyaan heshiiska tababaraha wakhti kasta sabab kasta ha ahaatee. Guddiga Cadaaladda wuxuu sheegayaa inay rumaysan yihiin in isbeddelladaani "ay ka dhalan doonaan dhaqan heshiis oo caddaalad ku dhisan oo ku dhex jira warshadaha madadaalada ee u dhexeeya tababaraha iyo hay'adda." Hadda, xeerarkani waxay khuseeyaan oo keliya siddeed wakaaladood oo sanamyo waaweyn laakiin Wasaaradda Dhaqanku waxay damacsan tahay inay xeerarkan ku dabaqdo dhammaan hay'adaha jira 2018 oo dhan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.koreaboo.com/longform/new-contractual-changes-cause-concern-within-music-industry|title=New contractual changes cause concern within music industry|date=March 9, 2017}}</ref> ==== Galmada iyo ka faa'iidaysiga galmada ==== {{Main|Galmada iyo ka faa'iidaysiga galmada ee K-pop}}Warshadaha ayaa lagu dhaleeceeyay galmo galinta labada fannaaniin lab iyo dheddig, iyadoo galmo ahaan loo geeyay carruurta aan qaangaarka ahayn.<ref name="sexualizing">{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110720000617|title=Should a law ban sexualizing of K-pop teens?|last=Power|first=John|date=July 20, 2011|work=Korea Herald|access-date=April 10, 2018|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411180723/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110720000617|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Dhaleeceeyayaasha ayaa ku dooday gabdhaha gabdhaha ah ee heesaya inay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin cadaadiska inay xirtaan dhar qaawan ama qoob ka ciyaar.<ref name="sexualizing" /> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la barbardhigo muusikada caanka ah ee reer galbeedka, K-pop wuxuu leeyahay galmo yar, daroogo, ama dabeecad dagaal badan wuxuuna leeyahay sumcad waalidnimo badan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Oakeley|first1=Lucas|title=How K-pop became a propaganda tool|url=https://theoutline.com/post/4269/k-pop-propaganda-south-korea-north-korea-demilitarized-zone?zd=1&zi=nms4d5dz|access-date=April 25, 2018|work=[[The Outline (website)|The Outline]]|date=April 24, 2018}}</ref> ==== Caafimaadka maskaxda ==== Qaar ka mid ah fanaaniinta K-pop ayaa soo jeediyay in hubanti la’aanta iyo cadaadiska shaqooyinkooda ee madadaalada ay wax u dhimi karto caafimaadkooda maskaxeed.<ref name="kyung">{{cite web|last=Herman|first=Tamar|title=2018 Sees K-pop Stars Addressing Mental Health Stressors in Industry|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8369832/k-pop-stars-talk-mental-health|date=April 23, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref> Ismiidaaminta fannaaniinta caanka ah ee K-pop ayaa soo jiitay cadaadiska warshadaha.<ref name="variety mental health">{{cite news|last1=Kil|first1=Sonia|title=Jonghyun Suicide Note Points to Brutal Pressure of Korean Spotlight|url=https://variety.com/2017/music/asia/shinee-jonghyun-dies-dead-suicide-note-k-pop-pressure-1202644698/|access-date=January 27, 2019|work=Variety|date=December 19, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 1996-kii, fannaanka Charles Park, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Seo Ji-won, ayaa ku dhintay ismiidaamin isagoo 19 jir ah, ka hor intii aan la sii dayn albumkiisii ​​labaad.<ref name="variety mental health" /><ref>{{cite web|title=History of K-pop: 1992-1995, The Beginning|url=http://seoulbeats.com/2016/01/history-of-k-pop-1992-1995-the-beginning/|website=seoulbeats|access-date=January 27, 2019|date=January 10, 2016|archive-date=Bisha Koobaad 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104230923/http://seoulbeats.com/2016/01/history-of-k-pop-1992-1995-the-beginning/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kim Jonghyun, oo hore u furfurnaa taariikhdiisa [[Niyadjabka|niyad-jabka]], ayaa sidoo kale ku dhintay is -dilid bishii Diseembar 2017.<ref name="variety mental health" /> Gugii 2018, tiro ka mid ah fannaaniinta caanka ah ee Kuuriya ayaa ka qaybgalay taxane riwaayad oo lacag la'aan ah si kor loogu qaado wacyiga ka-hortagga is-dilka.<ref name="kyung" /> Sanadkii 2019, geeridii [[Sulli]] ee is -dilida muuqata, waxaa xigay geeridii [[Goo Hara]], oo labaduba loo geystey xoog sheegashada internetka, oo lagu daray baaqyada dib-u-habeynta.<ref>{{cite web|last=Park|first=Ju-won|title=Singer Goo Hara's Death Shines Light on the Dark Side of K-Pop|url=https://time.com/5741058/dark-side-of-kpop-pressure-death/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128225033/https://time.com/5741058/dark-side-of-kpop-pressure-death/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 28, 2019|date=November 28, 2019|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kwon|first=Jake|title=After another K-pop death, spotlight turns to difficulties faced by industry's 'perfect' stars|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/30/entertainment/kpop-pressures-goo-hara-sulli-intl-hnk-scli/index.html|date=December 2, 2019|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=December 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-18|title=Are Jonghyun, Sulli and Goo Hara victims of the K-pop industry?|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3042466/are-jonghyun-sulli-and-goo-hara-victims-k-pop-industry|access-date=2021-02-24|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[yue: K-pop]] <references /> [[Category:K-pop]] f6x674wv9tac1dr0j6nkslpvknxjrwn 0 33386 298796 273000 2026-06-18T22:48:20Z Ollin Masa 45675 File 298796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name  =Hailey Baldwin|image=|caption=Baldwin ee [[2020]]|birth_name=Hailey Rhode Baldwin|birth_date={{birth date and age|1996|11|22}}|birth_place=|occupation=|years_active=2014–hada|spouse={{marriage|[[Justin Bieber]]|2018}}|parents=Stephen Baldwin|relatives=|height=|hair_color=|eye_color=|agency=[[IMG Models]]|agent=[[IMG Models]]}} [[File:Hailey Bieber at WWD Style Awards 2026.jpg|thumb|Hailey Bieber (2026)]] '''Hailey Rhode Baldwin Bieber'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lambert|first=Molly|date=February 5, 2020|title=The Secret Life of Mrs. Hailey Bieber|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a30715484/hailey-bieber-interview-2020/|access-date=March 5, 2021|website=ELLE|language=en-US}}</ref> (''[[Magaca dhalashada|née]]'' '''Baldwin''';<ref>{{cite web|first=Rob|last=Haskell|title=Justin and Hailey Bieber Open Up About Their Passionate, Not-Always-Easy but Absolutely All-In Romance|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2019|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/justin-bieber-hailey-bieber-cover-interview|quote=[M]odel and TV presenter Hailey Bieber (née Baldwin).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207122510/https://www.vogue.com/article/justin-bieber-hailey-bieber-cover-interview|archive-date=February 7, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> dhashay Nofeembar 22, 1996) waa moodeel Mareykan ah, shaqsiyad warbaahineed, iyo bulsheed. Waxaa lagu soo bandhigay xayeysiisyo waaweyn oo loogu talagalay [[Guess]], [[Shirkadda Ralph Lauren|Ralph Lauren]], and [[Tommy Hilfiger (shirkad)|Tommy Hilfiger]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8464451/who-is-hailey-baldwin-facts|title=5 Things to Know About Hailey Baldwin|website=Billboard|access-date=February 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906100517/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8464451/who-is-hailey-baldwin-facts|archive-date=September 6, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Baldwin waa gabadh Stephen Baldwin, atoore. Waxay guursatay fannaanka reer Kanada [[Justin Bieber]] waxayna ku nooshahay [[Waterloo, Ontario]], [[Kanada]].<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/jfhEbHJoZZ8|title=73 Questions with Hailey Bieber Vogue|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] (via [[YouTube]])}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|first=Alyssa|last=Bailey|title=Justin Bieber And Hailey Baldwin Have Moved To Canada|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a25319073/justin-bieber-hailey-baldwin-canada-move/|work=[[ELLE]] (via www.elle.com/)|date=November 27, 2018|access-date=October 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006173559/https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a25319073/justin-bieber-hailey-baldwin-canada-move/|archive-date=October 6, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == [[Category:Dad nool]] <references /> [[Category:Moodelyasha IMG Models]] 6dac9gc107uy60co8jnnkbbepjdzh5c 0 33575 298849 295321 2026-06-19T08:58:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|2021 South korean television series}}{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}{{Infobox television|name=Oh My Ladylord|opentheme=|caption=|alt_name=|native_name={{Infobox name module|hangul=오! 주인님|hanja=오! 主人님}}|genre={{ubl| [[Majaajilo-jaceyl]]| [[Drama]]}}|writer=Jo Ji-kook|director=Oh Da-young|starring={{ubl| [[Lee Min-ki]] |[[Nana]]|[[Kang Min Hyuk]]}}|executive_producer=Kim Seung-mo (MBC)|image=|endtheme=|composer=|country=Koonfur Kuuriya|language=Kuuriya|num_seasons=|num_episodes=16|list_episodes=|theme_music_composer=|producer=Mina Kim|audio_format=[[Dolby Digital]]|first_run=|cinematography=|camera=|runtime=|company=Number Three Pictures|distributor=[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]|channel=MBC|picture_format=[[Telefishin aad u qeexan|TAUQ]]|editor=|location=|first_aired={{start date|2021|3|24}}|last_aired={{end date|2021|5|13}}|preceded_by=|followed_by=|related=|website=http://program.imbc.com/ohmyladylord|creator=MBC Drama|network=[[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]]}} '''''Oh My Ladylord''''' ({{ko-hhrm|오! 주인님|오! 主人님|O! Juinnim|lit='''''Oh! Master'''''}}) waa [[Drama Kuuriya|taxana telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] ee 2021 oo ay jilayaan [[Lee Min-ki]] iyo [[Nana]]. Waxaa daadihinaya Oh Da-young, taxanaha ayaa ka sheekeynaya sheeko jaceyl oo u dhexeeya nin aan 'jeclayn' iyo haweeney 'aan' jeclaan karin.  Waxaa laga sii daayay kanaalka telefishanka dhulka ee [[Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|MBC]] laga bilaabo Maarso 24 illaa Maajo 13, 2021, Arbacada iyo Khamiista saacaddu markay tahay 21.30 (KST) 16 qaybood.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://korean-drama-list.com/oh-master-2021/|title=Oh! Master (2021)|access-date=February 18, 2021|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405132622/https://korean-drama-list.com/oh-master-2021/|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/076/0003626815|title=[공식]로코 '오! 주인님' 이민기X나나, 출연 확정..2021년 3월 방송[Official]|trans-title=[Official] Roco 'Oh! Master' Lee Min-ki x Nana confirmed to appear..March 2021 broadcast|author=Jeong Yoo-na|work=Sports Chosun|publisher=Naver|date=September 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Oh_e__Master.php|title=Oh! Master (Drama 2021)|website=[[HanCinema]]|date=February 21, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://program.imbc.com/Concept/ohmyladylord|title=프로그램 정보|trans-title=Program information|website=iMbc|date=February 24, 2021}}</ref> Waxaa laga heli karaa [[iQIYI]] sida "'''''Oh! Master'''''" oo leh qoraal hoosaadyo ku qoran afaf badan oo caalami ah.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=Lee Min Ki & Nana Cutely Invite Viewers To Watch Their Latest Drama "Oh! Master"|url=https://kdramadiary.com/kdrama-news/lee-min-ki-nana-oh-master-teaser/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=kdramadiary|language=en-US|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918195924/https://kdramadiary.com/kdrama-news/lee-min-ki-nana-oh-master-teaser/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-02|title=March 2021 Korean Dramas: "Love Alarm Season 2", "Joseon Exorcist" "Oh! Master" & More|url=https://www.hellokpop.com/featured/march-2021-korean-dramas/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=HELLOKPOP|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Oh My Ladylord'' celcelis ahaan qiimeynta 1.6% ayaa ah tii ugu hoosaysay ee abid loo duubay drama Kuuriya oo hawada sare ku jirta shabakad telefishan oo hawada-ka-furan ah, iyadoo garaacday heerkii hore ee ahaa 1.7% oo ay dejisay taxanaha [[KBS2]] ''[[Welcome]]'' ee 2020. Qeybtii hore ee qeybtii laba iyo tobnaad oo ''Oh My Ladylord'' ayaa soo saartay 0.9% qiimeyn, qiimeynta labaad ee ugu hooseysay hal mar (''Welcome'' waxaad arkeysaa tiro hoose oo ah 0.8% sanadka 2020). Intaa waxaa sii dheer, ''Oh My Ladylord'' wuxuu ahaa dramaaddii ugu horreysay ee waqtiga buuxa ee telefishanka xorta ah oo aan waligeed lagu qiimeyn 3%. Kormeerayaasha warbaahintu waxay tusaale u soo qaateen ''Oh My Ladylord'' oo ah tusaalaha burburkii MBC, oo loo arki jiray "Boqortooyada Dramaadaha" sanadihii 1990 -meeyadii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-30|title='드라마왕국' MBC 어쩌다가…'오!주인님'도 0%대 시청률|url=https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202104304836H|trans-title=What happened to MBC 'Drama Kingdom'...'Oh! Master' has 0% rating too|access-date=2021-05-05|publisher=[[Korea Economic Daily]]|language=ko|archive-date=Bisha Shanaad 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515221622/https://www.hankyung.com/entertainment/article/202104304836H|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Taxanaha telefishanka Koonfur Kuuriya]] 6lu2d21j0nhiavfa0kx80grmpdprzz0 0 33655 298873 262750 2026-06-19T11:44:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}{{Infobox person|name=Yua Mikami|image=Mikami Yua to K-POP CIMG6925.jpg|caption=Yua Mikami ee 2018|native_name=三上 悠亜|birth_name=Momona Kitō, 鬼頭 桃菜|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1993|08|16}}|birth_place=[[Nagoya]], [[Degmada Aichi]], Jabban|other_names=|height=1.59 m (5 ft 3 in)|website={{URL|mikamiyua.jp/}}|occupation={{flatlist| * Atariisho}}|module={{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = {{flatlist| * [[J-pop]]}} | years_active = 2009–2014, 2015–hada | associated_acts = {{flatlist| * [[SKE48]] * [[Ebisu Muscats]] * [[Honey Popcorn]]}} }}|module2={{Infobox YouTube personality | embed = yes | channel_direct_url = /channel/UC0BCfHbNORhd7dsw1R5rw9w | channel_display_name = ゆあちゃんねる! 三上悠亜オフィシャルYoutube | subscribers = 64.3 milyan | views = 50.52 milyan | stats_update = 2021 }}}} '''Momona Kitō''' (鬼頭 桃菜, ''Kitō Momona'')<ref name="modelpress1">{{cite news|url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1749684|title=三上悠亜ら「HONEY POPCORN」韓国デビュー決定|date=February 28, 2018|work=Model Press|access-date=March 2, 2018|language=ja-JP}}</ref> (dhashay {{Birth date|1993|08|16}}), oo si xirfad leh loogu yaqaan '''Yua Mikami''' waa [[AV idol|atariisho]] [[Filimada galmada ee Jabaan|filim galmo Jabaan]] ah iyo [[J-pop idol|heesaa sanam]]. Waxay ka soo muuqatay xubin ka mid ah kooxda sanamyada [[SKE48]] sanadkii 2009 ka hor intii aysan ka tegin 2014. Waxay gashay warshadaha madadaalada dadka waaweyn sanadkii 2015 iyadoo ku hoos jirta sumadda [[Muteki]] oo ay ku heshay guul aad u weyn sanadkii 2017 ay noqotay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan uguna iibinta badan atariishada casriga ah ee ku guuleysatay dhowr abaalmarino. Mikami waxa hadda ku jilayaa sumadda [[S1 No. 1 Style]], waxana ka soo muuqday in ka badan 150 filim oo qaangaar ah (oo ay ku jiraan isku-dubaridka iyo filimada [[Xaqiiqda dhabta ah|dhabta]] ah ee ku saleysan).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dmm.co.jp/digital/videoa/-/list/=/article=actress/id=1030262/|title=三上悠亜(みかみゆあ) – エロ動画・アダルトビデオ – FANZA動画|website=FANZA|language=ja|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Marka laga reebo jilista aflaanta qaangaarka ah, Mikami sidoo kale mid firfircoon sida heesaha iyo idolyada. Waxay ka mid noqotay kooxda idolyada ee [[Ebisu Muscats]] sannadkii 2015-kii sidoo kale waxay koox Koonfur Kuuriya [[Honey Popcorn]] sannadkii 2018. Waxay sidoo kale ka dhigtaa muuqaal marti oo gaar ah ee [[Yakuza 6]] iyo [[Yakuza Kiwami 2]]. == Shaqo == === 2006–2014: Noloshii hore iyo sanamkii dhaqankii u horeeyay === Mikami waxay ku dhashay '''Momona Kito''' bishii Agoosto 16, 1993 ee [[Nagoya]]. Iyada oo haysatay himilo cad oo ah inay noqoto fannaan, Mikami wuxuu ku xisaabtamay [[Morning Musume]] jiilkii 8aad ee 2006, iyadoo jira 13 sano, laakiin waa la tirtiray intii lagu jiray wareegii koowaad.<ref name="hellomorning1">{{Cite episode|series=ハロー!モーニング。|network=TV Tokyo|date=September 3, 2006|language=ja}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 2009, waxay ku soo biirtay xubin jiil labaad oo ka tirsan kooxda sanamyada [[SKE48]] ee Kooxda E. Xirfadeedii SKE48 waxay aragtay dib-u-dhacyo badan, oo ay ku jirto hoos-u-dhigidda xaaladda Kenkyuusei (tababaraha) bishii Diseembar 2010,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stage48.net/wiki/index.php/Kito_Momona|title=Kito Momona – Wiki48|website=stage48.net|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> iyo sidoo kale iyadoo qaangaarin oo cabba [[Khamri|aalkolo]]/shukaansi fadeexad oo soo ifbaxay Luuliyo 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allthingsjpop.wordpress.com/2013/07/14/news-tegoshi-yuya-caught-in-scandal-with-ske48-kito-momona/|title=NewS Tegoshi Yuya caught in scandal with SKE48 Kito Momona|date=July 13, 2013|website=AllThingsJpop|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Bishii Maarso 16, 2014, waxay ku dhawaaqday inay ka qalin jabisay kooxda iyo muuqaalkeedii ugu dambeeyay ee kooxda waxay ahayd Abriil 9, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ske48.co.jp/blog/?id=20140410130504073&writer=secretariat|title=鬼頭桃菜 劇場最終公演|website=SKE48 OFFICIAL WEB SITE|language=ja|access-date=August 17, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Tobnaad 6, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006211609/http://www.ske48.co.jp/blog/?id=20140410130504073&writer=secretariat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> === 2015–hada: Filimkii ugu horreeyay ee dadka waaweyn iyo ku laabta muusigga === Bishii Juun 1, 2015, waxay ku soo bandhigtay warshadaha madadaalada dadka waaweyn ee magaca '''Yua Mikami''' iyada oo leh fiidiyowgeedii ugu horreeyay, ''[[Princess Peach]]'', oo uu soo saaray [[Muteki]], sumad ku takhasustay filimkii qaangaarka ahaa ee loogu talagalay sanamyadii hore ee sasabashada lahaa iyo dadka caanka ah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.dmm.co.jp/article/968838/?page=all|title=【先行公開】元国民的アイドル三上悠亜、初脱ぎの瞬間をとらえたぞ！【画像大量】|work=DMMニュースR18|access-date=August 15, 2017|language=ja-JP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tokyoreporter.com/entertainment/adult-video/ex-ske48-member-momona-kito-to-make-porn-debut/|title=Ex-SKE48 member Momona Kito to make porn debut|date=May 2, 2015|website=TokyoReporter|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> In kasta oo Mikami markii hore u qorshaysay sidii hal-filim oo kaliya, ''Princess Peach'' ayaa noqotay guul aad u weyn, oo noqotay mid ka mid ah filimkii ugu iibinta badnaa ee Muteki iyo mid ka mid ah filimkii qaangaarka ee ugu iibinta badnaa sannadkii 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tokyonightstyle.com/blog/avevent/mikami-yua-interview-what-made-her-stay-in-the-av-business-draft/|title=Mikami Yua Interview – What Made Her Stay in the AV Business {{!}} Tokyo Night Style|website=tokyonightstyle.com|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref><ref name="tokyoreporter.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tokyoreporter.com/entertainment/adult-video/ex-ske48-idol-momona-kito-abandons-plans-to-end-porn-career/|title=Ex-SKE48 idol Momona Kito abandons plans to end porn career|date=December 5, 2015|website=TokyoReporter|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Falcelintii wanaagsanayd ee lama filaanka ahayd ee markii ugu horreysay waxay Mikami ku dhiirrigelisay inuu ku sii jiro warshadaha iyadoo ah atariisho firfircoon.<ref name="tokyoreporter.com" /> Bishii Nofeembar 12, 2015, waxay furtay mareegeheeda rasmiga ah, [[Twitter]]-ka, iyo [[Instagram]]-ka ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyay isla maalintaas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.dmm.co.jp/article/985065/?page=all|title=【超速報】三上悠亜が公式ＨＰ開設！週刊誌でヌードグラビアも披露。ツイッター＆インスタグラムも開始！本格活動スタートの兆しか？【光の速さでフォローした】|work=DMMニュースR18|access-date=August 15, 2017|language=ja-JP}}</ref> Wareysi, Mikami waxay sheegtay: "Waxaan soo galay dunida filimka galmada aniga oo aan cidna kala tashan. Waa nolosheyda, marka waa inaan aniga qudhaydu doortaa".<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tokyoreporter.com/entertainment/adult-video/yua-mikami-before-entering-av-it-is-my-life-so-i-have-to-choose-myself/|title=Yua Mikami before entering AV: 'It is my life, so I have to choose myself'|date=June 24, 2019|website=TokyoReporter|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Filimkeedii labaad ee galmada, ''Pleasure'' ayaa la sii daayay Janaayo 1, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.r18.com/videos/vod/movies/detail/-/id=tek00071/|title=Pleasant Feeling Starring Yua Mikami|website=R18.COM|access-date=July 7, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707155848/https://www.r18.com/videos/vod/movies/detail/-/id%3Dtek00071/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Filimmadii ugu horreeyay ee Mikami waxay ku hoos jireen sumadda [[Muteki]] (noqoshada mid ka mid ah dhowr jilaa oo filim jinsi ah oo wax ka badan hal filim ku sameeyay istuudiyaha hoostiisa), ka hor intaan loo wareejin [[S1 No. 1 Style]] bishii Nofeembar 2016. Maajo 13, 2016, Mikami waxay ku guuleysatay abaalmarinteedii ugu weyneyd ee ugu weyneyd [[Abaalmarinta Dadka Waaweyn DMM]] 2016 qeybta "Atariisho Cusub Ugu Fiican" oo ay u soo bandhigtay atariishada Moe Amatsuka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tokyoreporter.com/entertainment/adult-video/porn-starlets-yua-mikami-hibiki-otsuki-shine-at-dmm-adult-awards/|title=Porn starlets Yua Mikami, Hibiki Otsuki shine at DMM adult awards|date=May 13, 2016|website=TokyoReporter|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Abriil 13, 2016, waxay ku biirtay [[Ebisu Muscats]] iyadoo ah xubin jiil labaad.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.dmm.co.jp/article/987459/?page=all|title=突然の新メンバー加入！三上悠亜(国民的アイドルグループ出身)と市川まさみ(元SOD社員)登場にマスカッツ大混乱！いきなり明日花withチンピラガールズとバトル勃発？【マスカットナイト#27画像大量レビュー】 (1/9ページ)|work=DMMニュースR18|access-date=August 15, 2017|language=ja-JP}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebisu-muscats.com/member/mikami_yua/|title=三上悠亜|website=Ebisu Muscats|access-date=August 14, 2017|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Lixaad 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629172728/https://www.ebisu-muscats.com/member/mikami_yua/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Waxay ahayd [[Moodel|gabadhii boodhadhka]] ee [[AV Open|2016 Open AV]] oo ay weheliso Masami Ichikawa iyo [[Rika Hoshimi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.dmm.co.jp/article/988617/?page=all|title=【速報】AV OPEN 2016公式HPが始動！三上悠亜、星美りか、市川まさみがイメージガールに。大会概要も発表。今回は９部門でAVメーカーが熱戦！ファン投票で個人賞も。7/12開会式。9/1作品一斉発売！|work=DMMニュースR18|access-date=August 17, 2017|language=ja-JP}}</ref> Waxay ahayd gabadhii ololaha dhacdada ee ''Xafladda Mahadnaqa Fannaaniinta Qaranka'' ''2016'' oo ay weheliso [[Hibiki Ōtsuki]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.dmm.co.jp/article/990770/?page=all|title=▼三上悠亜と大槻ひびきのイベルトキャンペーンガール就任記念▼２人のオフショットを大公開☆ さ・ら・に！【全国ファン感謝祭2016開催決定！】神咲詩織/桃乃木かな/天使もえも参加しちゃうよ♪ (1/3ページ)|work=DMMニュースR18|access-date=August 17, 2017|language=ja-JP}}</ref> Caannimada Mikami ayaa sii kordhaysay, maadaama ay noqotay mid ka mid ah jilayaasha "calanka" S1, iyada oo filimadeedu si joogto ah uga muuqdaan shaxda iibinta ugu fiican. Sannadkii 2018, markii [[Fanza]] ay baaris ku samaysay 10-ka ugu sarreeya ee iibiya jilayaasha filimada galmada ee sannadka, Mikami wuxuu galay kaalinta 8 marka la soo dejisto dhijitaalka ah iyo 5 xagga iibka DVD/Blu-Ray jirka ah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/2018%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%80%E8%B3%A3%E5%BA%A7av%E5%A5%B3%E5%84%AA%E5%87%BA%E7%88%90-%E6%9A%97%E9%BB%91%E5%BF%97%E7%8E%B2-%E7%A8%B1%E9%9C%B8%E5%A5%AA%E5%86%A0-093000340.html|title=2018年最賣座AV女優出爐！「暗黑志玲」稱霸奪冠|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=zh-Hant-TW|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref> Mikami ayaa sidoo kale ka soo muuqday S1 15-guuradii gaarka ah, oo ay weheliyaan jilayaasha kale ee istuudiyaha: [[Tsukasa Aoi]], Ayami Shunka, Moe Amatsuka, Arina Hashimoto, Usa Miharu, iyo Nene Yoshitaka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.r18.com/videos/vod/movies/detail/-/id=ssni00378/|title=S1 15th Anniversary Special. Huge Collaboration. Part 3. An Extravagant Lineup Of S1 Actresses.|website=R18.COM|access-date=July 7, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707155847/https://www.r18.com/videos/vod/movies/detail/-/id%3Dssni00378/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Mikami waxay hadda ku sii wadataa xirfadeeda filimada dadka waaweyn S1 waxayna ka soo muuqatay in ka badan 100 filim illaa hadda.  Sannadka 2019 waxay noqotay ka labaad ee ugu sarreeya ee iibiya jilaa filimada galmada sannadka ku xiga [[Yui Hatano]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dmm.co.jp/mono/dvd/-/ranking/=/mode=actress/term=year_2019/|title=［2019年年間 ］AV女優ランキング1～20位 - アダルトDVD・ブルーレイ通販 - FANZA通販|website=www.dmm.co.jp|access-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> Waxay iyaduna gaadhay heer la mid ah sannadka 2020 sidoo kale, iyada oo ka labaad oo kaliya ku leh dadka ku cusub warshadaha ee caanka ah Ichika Matsumoto.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 Annual AV Actress Ranking Best 100|url=https://www.dmm.co.jp/mono/dvd/-/ranking/=/mode=actress/term=year_2020/|website=DMM.co.jp|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref> In kasta oo ay inta badan ahayd jilaa qaangaar ah, Mikami waxay ku sii dhawaatay xididdadeeda muusigga  November 22, 2016, waxay soo saartay hees, ''Ribbon'' (リ・ボ・ン).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20161024-OHT1T50167.html|title=セクシーアイドル三上悠亜ソロデビュー、堀ちえみ「リ・ボ・ン」をカバー|date=October 24, 2016|work=スポーツ報知|access-date=August 16, 2017|language=ja-JP|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Sagaalaad 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001750/http://www.hochi.co.jp/entertainment/20161024-OHT1T50167.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sannadkii 2018-kii, waxay ka soo dhex muuqatay inay xubin ka tahay kooxda gabdhaha fadhigeedu yahay Koonfur Kuuriya [[Honey Popcorn]] oo leh jilayaal filim galmo ah Moko Sakura iyo Miko Matsuda.<ref name="modelpress1" /> Kooxda waxaa maalgeliyay Mikami lafteeda oo ah mashruuc xamaasad leh.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/culturesports/2018/03/22/0701000000AEN20180322011900315.html|title=Japanese adult video stars launch K-pop group, spark divisive debate|date=March 22, 2018|work=Yonhap News|access-date=March 26, 2018}}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee kulanki ugu horeeyay ee kooxdu wuxuu noqday mid la isku khilaafsan yahay sababtuna tahay shaqada xubinta oo ka soo horjeeday sawirka "saafi" ah ee la xidhiidha [[K-pop idol|sanamyada Kuuriya]]. Kooxda ayaa lagu qasbay inay baajiso kulankoodii ugu horreeyay xanaaq dartii<ref name="ReferenceA" /> iyo codsi ay ku qoran yihiin in ka badan 50,000 oo saxiix ah ayaa loo gudbiyay [[Aqalka Buluugga]], kaasoo lagu dalbanayo in la mamnuuco kooxda.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianjunkie.com/2018/03/22/honey-popcorns-existence-has-led-to-a-pearl-clutching-blue-house-petition/|title=Honey Popcorn's existence has led to a pearl-clutching Blue House petition|website=Asian Junkie|access-date=July 7, 2019}}</ref><ref name="koreajoongangdaily.joins.com">{{Cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3065197|title=Honey Popcorn pushes forward: The group returns with new members and, hopefully, a hit|website=Korea JoongAng Daily|access-date=July 7, 2019|archive-date=Bisha Todobaad 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707020542/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3065197|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sababtoo ah dib-u-dhac xooggan, Matsuda wuxuu ka tagay Honey Popcorn bishii Diseembar 2018, laakiin Mikami wuxuu ku guuleystay inuu dib u soo nooleeyo kooxda isagoo wata saddex xubnood oo cusub, waxayna sii daayeen [[Ciyaar la dheereeyey|ciyaartii labaad ee dheerayd]], ''[[De-aeseohsta]]'' bishii Luulyo 2019.<ref name="koreajoongangdaily.joins.com" /> Isla sannadkaas, Mikami waxay kaloo billowday astaan ​​dharkeeda u gaar ah, "YOUR'S", doorasho xirfadeed oo ay si weyn u dhiirrigelisay saaxiibkeed dhow iyo jilaa filimada galmada [[Kirara Asuka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/miyoursofficial|title=miyour's official (@miyoursofficial) {{!}} Twitter|publisher=Twitter|access-date=March 15, 2021}}</ref> Bishii Juun 27, 2020, martida Mikami ayaa ku jilay fiidiyaha cusub ee heesaha reer Malaysiya Namewee cinwaan looga dhigay ''I Shot You''. Fiidiyowgu wuxuu helay 1.4 milyan oo aragti maalin gudaheed.<ref>{{cite web|title=AV star Yua Mikami guest stars in singer-songwriter Namewee’s latest music video|url=https://sg.style.yahoo.com/av-star-yua-mikami-guest-stars-in-singersongwriter-namewees-latest-music-video-022927359.html|access-date=29 June 2020|website=yahoo.com}}</ref> == Nolosha shaqsiyeed == Bishii Luulyo 2013, markii ay xubin ka ahayd SKE48, ''[[Shūkan Bunshun]]'' ayaa daabacday sawirro ay ku dhunkaneyso [[Yuya Tegoshi]], iyadoo la sheegay inay sakhraansan tahay, oo ay habeen u hoyday gurigiisa May 2013. Waxay dhalisay buuq, maadaama Mikami lagu sawiray khamri oo uu ku hoos jiray da'da khamriga ee sharciga ah wakhtigaas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/2898|title=週刊文春18 July 2013 号｜バックナンバー – 週刊文春WEB|work=Weekly Bunshun|access-date=February 28, 2018|language=ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811132649/http://shukan.bunshun.jp/articles/-/2898|archive-date=August 11, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mikami, ka dib markii uu ku soo biiray warshadaha filimada ee qaangaarka ah, waxay kala kulmtay xiriir "jaban" hooyadeed, labadoodu ma aysan wada xiriirin muddo saddex bilood ah kadib markii Mikami uu noqday atariisho filimada galmada. Waxay kaloo noqotay mid aan xiriir la lahayn dadka qaar wixii ka dambeeyay, oo ay ku jiraan qaraabadeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labadooda ayaa markii dambe xiriir yeeshay inkastoo ay hooyadeed diidday nooca shaqada Mikami.<ref>[https://www.ftvnews.com.tw/news/detail/2021621W0327/amp 出道即巔峰！三上悠亞20歲不當偶像　轉戰暗黑界「差點斷絕母女關係」].</ref> == Sawirka dadweynaha == Mikami waa mid ka mid ah [[AV idol|jilayaasha AV]] ugu caansan. Waxay sidoo kale caan ku tahay wadamada kale ee Aasiya. Mar ay ka hadlaysay caannimadeeda, Mikami waxa ay sheegtay in ay aaminsan tahay in "ay jiraan atariisho kale oo aniga iga weyn oo weliba caan ah", iyada oo aaminsan in aanay ahayn "jilaayada ugu sarreeya". Mikami waxay leedahay akoon [[TikTok]] oo leh in ka badan 3 milyan oo taageerayaal ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa jilaayada filimada galmada ee [[Jabaan]] ee ugu raacda badan. Iyada iyo [[Eimi Fukada]] inta badan waxaa loogu yeeraa "atariishada ugu sareysa" ee jiilka cusub. == Buuga Sawirka == # [[Here You Are|Here you are]]（{{Start date|2015|12|16}}）ISBN 978-4575309829 # [[Your Angel]]（{{Start date|2016|08|17}}）ISBN 978-4575311648 # らぶぱら（{{Start date|2017|07|31}}）ISBN 978-4801911628 # YOURGIRL（{{Start date|2017|08|2}}） # 君の前世がプリンセスだった件について。（{{Start date|2018|01|26}}）ISBN 978-4198645502 # 24/7（2018）ISBN 978-4198647087 # [[Your Eyes|your eyes]]（2019）ISBN 978-4775606100 # 和美写美（2021）ISBN 978-4930927170 # [[You Are Here|You are here]]（2021）ISBN 978-4575316537 # ''[[Your Selection|your selection]]''（2022）ISBN 978-4862563347 == Filmografi == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:small" !Taariikhda lagu sii daynayo !Magac |- ! colspan="2" |2015 |- ! rowspan="2" |1 Juun | rowspan="2" |'''''[[Princess Peach]]''''' |- |- ! colspan="2" |2016 |- ! rowspan="2" |Janaayo 1 | rowspan="2" |'''快感''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |Febraayo 1 | rowspan="2" |'''絶頂×4本番''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |1-da Abriil | rowspan="2" |'''ボクのカノジョは三上悠亜''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |Maajo 1 | rowspan="2" |'''アイドルがご奉仕してくれる最高級5つ星ソープランド''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|1|06}} | rowspan="2" |'''女子校生アイドルと放課後にエッチしよっ''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|1|07}} | rowspan="2" |'''唾液を絡める濃厚接吻セックス''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|1|08|}} | rowspan="2" |'''快感スプラッシュ!はじめての気持ち良すぎる潮吹き''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|1|09}} | rowspan="2" |'''身動き出来ないアイドルの快感と絶頂を繰り返すSEX''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|25|11}} | rowspan="2" |'''専属NO.1 STYLE 三上悠亜エスワンデビュー 電撃移籍4時間×4本番スペシャル''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|12}} | rowspan="2" |'''交わる体液、濃密セックス 完全ノーカットスペシャル''' |- |- ! colspan="2" |2017 |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|25|1}} | rowspan="2" |'''国民的アイドルに超大量一撃ドリーム顔射''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|02}} | rowspan="2" |'''国民的アイドル三上悠亜の31コス! コスった悠亜で毎日シコって4時間31変化SP''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|03}} | rowspan="2" |'''激イキ92回! 痙攣3600回! イキ潮2300cc! 国民的アイドル エロス覚醒 はじめての大・痙・攣スペシャル''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|04}} | rowspan="2" |'''国民的アイドルいきなり即ハメドッキリ4本番 いつでも即合体、どこでも即絶頂''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|05}} | rowspan="2" |'''最高級アイドル風俗マンションへようこそ 三上悠亜の密着性感テクニック150分フルコース''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|06}} | rowspan="2" |'''国民的アイドルは僕だけのローションぬるぬるご奉仕メイド''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|20|07}} | rowspan="2" |'''汁汗だくだく唾液涎ダラダラ国民的アイドルの本気汁全漏らし性交''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|20|08}} | rowspan="2" |'''国民的アイドル アドレナリン大爆発！禁欲1ヶ月後の性欲剥き出し焦らされトランスFUCK''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|09}} | rowspan="2" |'''国民的アイドル人生初大乱交! 巨根23本エンドレス無制限セックス''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|20|10}} | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜ファン感謝祭 国民的アイドル×一般ユーザー20人‘ガチファンとSEX解禁’ハメまくりスペシャル''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|20|11}} | rowspan="2" |'''竿カリ睾丸裏スジ亀頭チ○ポ丸舐めおしゃぶり尽くしスペシャル＋もの凄いお掃除フェラ付き''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |{{Start date|19|12}} | rowspan="2" |'''最高級アイドルの超誘惑メンズエステサロン''' |- |- ! colspan="2" |2018 |- !{{Start date|19|01}} |'''美乳がポロリ 国民的アイドルのラッキーおっぱいハプニングSP''' |- !02/19 |'''遂に流出! 国民的アイドルの熱愛スキャンダル動画 密着32日、三上悠亜の生々しいキス、フェラ、セックス…完全プライベートSEX映像一部始終''' |- !03/19 |'''犯された巨乳女教師 集団輪姦レ●プ''' |- !04/19 |'''vs三上悠亜 本性剥き出し欲望丸出し理性ブッ飛び1対1の極限5SEX''' |- !05/19 |'''ネチネチ焦らされゾクゾク快感 ビックンビックン性感開発オイルマッサージサロン''' |- !06/19 |'''無抵抗言いなり痴漢電車 絶頂を教え込まれた巨乳女子大生''' |- !07/19 |'''超弾力おっぱいブルンブルン揺れまくりハードピストンSEX''' |- !08/19 |'''欲情した接吻痴女の唾液交換ベロ舐めセックス 三上悠亜''' |- !09/19 |'''完全固定されて身動きが取れない三上悠亜 腰がガクガク砕けるまでイッてもイッても止めない無限ピストンSEX''' |- !10/19 |'''巨根×追撃×大乱交 絶頂してピクピクしているおま○こを巨根24本で容赦なく突きまくる怒涛のおかわり激ピストン超大乱交Special''' |- !11/19 |'''義父に初めて犯されたあの日から…''' |- ! rowspan="2" |12/1 |'''ふたりは無敵''' |- |'''【エスワン専属×ムーディーズ人気シリーズ】早漏イクイク敏感4SEX''' |- ! colspan="2" |2019 |- ! rowspan="2" |01/19 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜の痴女責め連続射精16発 拘束された男たちを骨抜きにする強制射精術''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |02/19 | rowspan="2" |'''秘密捜査官の女 媚薬漬け限界拷問スペシャル''' |- |- ! rowspan="3" |03/7 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜2周年メモリアルベスト最新全12タイトル73コーナー480分スペシャル''' |- |- |'''S1 PRECIOUS GIRLS 2019 15th Anniversary DVD6枚組24時間プレミアムBEST''' |- ! rowspan="2" |03/19 | rowspan="2" |'''ノーブラFカップおっぱいで全力アピールしてくる彼女の巨乳妹と、誘惑に負けちゃう最低な僕。''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |04/19 | rowspan="2" |'''下着モデルをさせられて… フェチズム9ランジェリーSpecial''' |- |- !05/19 |'''人生初! 絶頂ポルチオ開発プレス 膣中イキオーガズム''' |- !06/19 |'''緊縛解禁完全緊縛されて無理やり犯された国民的アイドル''' |- !07/19 |'''彼女が旅行で不在の間、彼女の幼馴染と朝から晩までひたすらハメまくった48時間の記録''' |- !08/19 |'''NTR同窓会 愛する妻と最悪な元彼の気が狂いそうな胸糞浮気映像''' |- !09/19 |'''優し過ぎて本番までご奉仕ハッスル!! 伝説のアイドルおっパブ嬢 満員御礼! 8回転スペシャル''' |- !10月19日 |'''三上悠亜の全力イクイク騎乗位マニアックス''' |- ! rowspan="2" |11月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''絶対領域 むっちり太もも制服チラリズム 生脚アイドルの究極挑発 小悪魔ニーハイ美少女''' |- |- ! rowspan="4" |12月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''【※異常なる大絶頂】エロス最大覚醒!性欲が尽き果てるまで怒涛のノンストップ本気性交''' |- |- | rowspan="2" |'''S1豪華絢爛ドリーム大共演2019 ファン感謝祭!大大大乱交!夢のハーレムソープ!超豪華3本立て伝説の270分''' |- |- ! colspan="2" |2020年 |- ! rowspan="2" |1月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''巨乳上司と童貞部下が出張先の相部屋ホテルで…いたずら誘惑を真に受けた部下が10発射精の絶倫性交''' |- |- !2月19日 |'''豊満な巨乳の上司の妻ゆあさんと布団の中でこっそり密着スローセックスに没頭したボク。''' |- ! rowspan="2" |3月7日 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜3周年メモリアルベスト最新全12タイトル65コーナー480分スペシャル''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |3月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''俺たち部員全員むさ苦しいのに嫌な顔しないで汗だくになった女子マネージャーと2泊3日の夏合宿''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |4月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''変態中年おやじを濃厚接待 会員制超高級パパ活デートクラブ''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |5月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''無意識に男を挑発する着衣巨乳 超ラッキースケベ妄想シチュエーションSpecial''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |6月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''『教師失格』帰宅困難になったあの日、嵐が過ぎるまでひたすら男子生徒とハメまくりました…。''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |7月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜のPLATINUM SOAP''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |8月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''彼女の姉は美人で巨乳しかもドS! 大胆M性感プレイでなす術もなくヌキまくられるドMな僕。''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |9月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''巨乳OLと絶倫童貞上司の毎週エスカレートする週末のセックス残業''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |10月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''絶頂の向こう側でイッてイッてイキまくる確変オーガズム状態のまま48時間耐久で一生分ハメまくった三上悠亜のヤバい性交''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |11月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''スク水巨乳の水泳部顧問は元グラビアアイドル…濡れ透ける先生の巨乳に我慢できなくて、じっとり汗だくひたすら密着交尾''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |12月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''執拗な焦らしと寸止めで極限まで感度を高めた恍惚キメセク大絶頂FUCK''' |- |- ! colspan="2" |2021 |- ! rowspan="2" |1月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''日本一のSEXコスプレイヤー''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |2月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''出張先の旅館で大嫌いなセクハラ上司とまさかの相部屋に…絶倫過ぎる粘着ピストンで一晩中イカされ続けた巨乳OL''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |3月9日 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜4周年メモリアルベスト最新全12タイトル72コーナー480分スペシャル''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |3月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''アナタの五感を刺激する三上悠亜のシコシコサポートラグジュアリー 脳をエロスで満たす6つの癒され勃起シチュエーション'''<ref>集英社『週刊プレイボーイ』2021年3月15日号No.11 138‐140頁</ref> |- |- ! rowspan="2" |4月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜に逆痴漢されたい？されたいでしょ？''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |5月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''極上の肉体、最高のSEX 全ての理想を叶える究極射精スペシャル'''<ref>ジーオーティー『月刊FANZA』2021年8月号 107頁</ref> |- |- ! rowspan="2" |6月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''キスからフェラ、そのまま玉舐めからいやしくフェラ、最後の一滴までしゃぶり味わいまたキスを繰り返す僕専用おしゃぶりメイド''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |7月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''過去から未来 今、全てを曝け出す…究極性交メモリアル5本番''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |8月19日 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜のゴージャス淫語 ドリームボイス''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |9月28日 | rowspan="2" |'''義父の舌先で舐め××られる　夫不在の最悪の3日間''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |10月26日 | rowspan="2" |'''もしも目の前の風俗嬢が超人気AV女優だったらヤる？ヤらない？？''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |11月23日 | rowspan="2" |'''教師としてあるまじき、純愛。''' |- |- ! rowspan="2" |12月15日 | rowspan="2" |'''三上悠亜のひたすら小悪魔チクビッ痴 オールラウンド200分乳首舐め責めこねくりまくり''' |- |- ! colspan="2" |2022年 |- ! rowspan="2" |1月7日 | rowspan="2" |'''涎・泥酔・アヘ顔・失禁 一斉解放 三上悠亜が下品に飛ぶ''' |- |- |} == Tixraacyada == <references /> [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada galmada ee Jabaan]] [[Category:Moodel soo jiidasho Jabaan]] [[Category:Dhalashada 1993]] [[Category:Dadka ka yimid Nagoya]] [[Category:Nolol]] [[Category:Idolyasha Jabaan]] [[Category:Ebisu Muscats]] [[Category:YouTuberyasha dheddig Jabaan]] [[Category:Moodelyasha qaangaarka dheddig ee Japan]] kjigur37rga70znesi8smagw9pflwz7 0 33877 298858 279504 2026-06-19T10:34:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Stolperstein Emmy Zehden in Berlin-Wilhelmstadt.jpg|thumb|300px|Stolpertsteine, [[Emmy Zehden]], [https://www.jw.org/so/ Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah] ]] [[Stolperstein]] (loogu dhawaaqo [ˈʃtɔlpɐˌʃtaɪn] (Ku saabsan liiskan codka); jamac Stolpersteine; macno ahaan "dhagaxa lagu turunturoodo", sarbeeb ahaan "wax lagu turunturoodo") waa cabbir deg-deg ah, toban-sintimitir (3.9 in) cube la taaban karo oo sita saxan naxaas ah oo lagu qoray magaca iyo taariikhaha nololeed ee dhibbanayaashii xasuuqii Nazi ama cadaadiskii. ==Sido kale fiiri== * [https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/d/r182/lp-so/502013257 Maxaynan Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah Dagaal uga Qaybqaadan?]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Saddex -xagalka violet]] * [https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/faq/jw-holocaust-facts-concentration-camps/ What Happened to Jehovah’s Witnesses During the Time of the Holocaust?] * [[Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah ee ku sugan Kaamka Xoogaynta Auschwitz-Birkineu]] {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |- ! colspan="4"| Liiska Markhaatiyaasha Yehowah ee Jarmalka ee la dilay intii lagu jiray Reich Saddexaad, oo lagu xusay [[stolperstein]] ach |- ! style="width: 2000px"| Qof ! style="width: 200px"| Sawir ! style="width: 4200px"| Cinwaanka ! style="width: 1500px"| Taariikhda daah furka |- | [[Hermann Abke]] | [[File:Stolperstein Herford Hardenbergstraße 7 Hermann Abke.JPG|200px]] | [[Herford]], Hardenbergstraße 7 | 5 Mayo 2011 |- | [[Werner Allenberger]] | [[File:20131108Stolpersteine Hockenheim8.jpg|200px]] | [[Hockenheim]], Hildastraße 6 | 7 Nofeembar 2013 |- | [[Katharina Badent]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Stolpersteine Konstanz, Katharina Badent |url=http://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/badent_katharina.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120114444/https://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/badent_katharina.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stein badent katharina.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Markgrafenstr. 63 | 28 Juun 2014 |- | [[Eduard Baltruschat]] | [[File:Stolperstein Eduard Baltruschat Sattelstraße 27 Ahlen.nnw.jpg|200px]] | Ahlen, Sattelstraße_27 | 5 Maarso 2010 |- | [[Erich Barthel]] | [[File:15.8.2018 Stolperstein von Erich Barthel Auerbach Vogtl. Falkensteiner Str. 40.JPG|200px]] | [[Auerbach/Vogtl.]], Falkensteiner Str. 40 | 15 Julaay 2013 |- | [[Anna Bassinger]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Anna Bassinger (Gera).jpg|200px]] | [[Denzlingen]], Hauptstraße 233 | 9 Julaay 2018 |- | [[Wilhelm Bathen]] | | Dinslaken, Forststrasse 6 | 23 Febraayo 2013 |- | [[Emil Bauer]] | | [[Heilbronn]], Teichstraße 8 | 10 Abriil 2013 |- | [[Karl Baur]] | [[File:Stolperstein Karl Baur Vöhringen.jpg|200px]] | [[Vöhringen]], Ulmer Straße 19 | 10 Sebtembar 2013 |- | [[Ewald Berger]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Ewald Berger.jpg|200px]] | [[Ibbenbueren]], Arenbergstrasse 1 | 3 Nofeembar 2017 |- | [[Ludwig Bischoff]]<ref>[https://forumwk.de/2021/02/17/neuer-stolperstein-in-der-berliner-strasse-ludwig-bischoff-die-ehre-erweisen/ Stolpersteine, Ludwig Bischoff]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | | [[Wermelskirchen]], Berlinerstrasse 112 | 17 Febraayo 2021 |- | [[Karl Blochwitz]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Karl Blochwitz, Dresdner Strasse 125, Dresden.JPG|200px]] | Dresden, Dresdner Straße 125 | 29 Sebtembar 2015 |- | [[Ferdinand (Wilhelm) von Blume]] | | Frankfurt Oder, Gubener Strasse 35 | 31 Mayo 2017 |- | [[Hermann Boian]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043008/http://www.stolpersteine-ffo.de/4.html Stolpersteine für Frankfurt (Oder) und Slubice, Hermann Boian]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Frankfurt Oder 2018-02-04 041.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt Oder, Hermann-Boian-Straße | 8 Mayo 2006 |- | [[Gustav Bopp]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-heidelberg.de/gustav-bopp.html Stolpersteine Heidelberg, Gustav Bopp]</ref> | [[File:Heidelberg Gustav Bopp.png|200px]] | [[Heidelberg]], Zähringerstraße 25 | 28 Nofeembar 2011 |- | [[Hermann Brandt]]<ref name=mrn>[http://www.mrn-news.de/2016/05/19/bruehl-stolpersteine-fuer-zeugen-jehovas-am-21-mai-2-256123/ Brühl – Stolpersteine für Zuegen Jehovas am 21. Mai; mrn-news]</ref> | [[File:Stolpersteine Fam Brandt, Brühl.jpg|200px]] | [[Brühl]], Rohrhofer Str. 32 | 21 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Ida Brandt]] | [[File:Stolpersteine Fam Brandt, Brühl.jpg|200px]] | Brühl, Rohrhofer Str. 32 | 21 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Otto Brandt]] | [[File:Stolpersteine Fam Brandt, Brühl.jpg|200px]] | Brühl, Rohrhofer Str. 32 | 21 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Albert Bronner]] | [[File:Stolperstein Albert Bronner, 1, Wiesenstraße 2, Südstadt, Singen, Landkreis Konstanz.jpg|200px]] | Singen, Wiesenstrasse 2 | 14 Julaay 2011 |- | [[Ludwik Brummer]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-heidelberg.de/ludwig-brummer.html Initiavie Heidelberger Stolpersteine; Stolpersteine Heidelberg]</ref> | [[File:Ludwig Brummer Stolperstein HD.JPG|200px]] | [[Heidelberg]], Dreikönigstraße 24 | 12 Oktoobar 2010 |- | [[Konrad Brzezek]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/de/biografie/2255 Koordinierungsstelle Stolpersteine Berlin, Konrad Brzezek]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein.Friedrichshain.Lichtenberger Straße 40.Konrad Brzezek.6268.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Lichtenberger Straße | 18 Julaay 2007 |- | [[Klara Busse]]<ref name=maz>[https://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Oberhavel/Hennigsdorf/Hennigsdorf-Ein-Stolperstein-fuer-Wilhelm-Busse Wilhelm Busse (maz-online.de)]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Klara Busse (Hennigsdorf ).jpg|200px]] | [[Hennigsdorf]], Berliner Strasse 18 | 15 Julaay 2019 |- | [[Wilhelm Busse]] | | Hennigsdorf, Berliner Strasse 18 | 15 Julaay 2019 |- | [[Martha Büttner]] | [[File:Stolperstein Ebertystr 12a (Frhai) Martha Büttner.jpg|200px]] | Berlin, Ebertystraße 12a | 14 Juun 2018 |- | [[Friedrich Büttner]] | [[File:Stolperstein Ebertystr 12a (Frhai) Friedrich Büttner.jpg|200px]] | Berlin, Ebertystraße 12a | 14 Juun 2018 |- | [[Maria A. Chrupalla]]<ref>[http://stolpersteine-hamburg.de/index.php?MAIN_ID=7&BIO_ID=1574 Stolpersteine in Hamburg, Maria A. Chrupalla]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Große Bergstraße 219 (Maria A. Chrupalla) in Hamburg-Altona-Altstadt.JPG|200px]] | [[Hamburg]], Große Bergstraße 219–223 | |- | [[Paul Chrupalla]]<ref>[http://stolpersteine-hamburg.de/index.php?MAIN_ID=7&BIO_ID=1575 Stolpersteine in Hamburg, Paul Chrupalla]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Große Bergstraße 219 (Paul J. Chrupalla) in Hamburg-Altona-Altstadt.JPG|200px]] | [[Hamburg]], Große Bergstraße 219–223 | |- | [[Herbert Christoph]]<ref>[https://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Ostprignitz-Ruppin/Stolperstein-in-Fehrbellin-fuer-Herbert-Christoph Herbert Christoph (maz-online.de)]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Herbert Christoph (Fehrbellin).jpg|200px]] | [[Fehrbellin]], Rhinstrasse 16 | 29 Maarso 2015 |- | [[Paul Erhard Clausnitzer]]<ref name = mettmann>[http://www.mettmann.de/denkmaeler/stolpersteine.php Bedeutende Gebäude, Denkmäler & Skulpturen in Mettmann (mettmann.de)]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Paul Erhard Clausnitzer.jpg|200px]] | [[Mettmann]], Bahnstr. 10 | 30 Oktoobar 2007 |- | [[Elsa Cranz]] | [[File:Limmerstraße 50, am 19.09.2013 verlegter Stolperstein Hier wohnte Elsa Cranz, 1917 geb. Boje Zeugin Jehovas Konzentrationslager Ravensbrück Tot 1943.jpg|200px]] | [[Hanower]], Limmerstraße 50 | 18 Sebtembar 2013 |- | [[Kurt Degenkolb]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Kurt Degenkolb, Alte Moritzburger Strasse 43, Dresden.JPG|200px]] | Dresden, Alte Moritzburger Strasse 43 | |- | [[Otto Degenkolb]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Otto Degenkolb, Alte Moritzburger Strasse 43, Dresden.JPG|200px]] | Dresden, Alte Moritzburger Strasse 43 | |- | [[Anna Denz]] | | [[Lörrach]], Luisenstraße 35 | 24 Sebtembar 2020 |- | [[Anna Maria Denz]] | | Lörrach, Luisenstraße 35 | 24 Sebtembar 2020 |- | [[Oskar Denz]] | | Lörrach, Luisenstraße 35 | 24 Sebtembar 2020 |- | [[Max Hermann Dietze]] | [[File:Stolperstein Dresden Dietze.JPG|200px]] | [[Drezno]], Sophienstraße 16 | 29 Sebtembar 2015 |- | [[Hermann Dreher]] | [[File:Alemannenstr 9 Konstanz Stolperstein Hermann Dreher.jpg|200px]] | Konstanz, Alemannenstr. 9 | 3 Mayo 2017 |- |[[Albert van Duren]] |[[File:Albert van Duren.JPG|200px]] |Tiel | |- | [[Gijsbertus J. van den Eickhoff]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Gijsbertus J. van den Eijkhoff.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Victor Emanuel]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Victor Emanuel.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Karl Endstrasser]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Karl Endstrasser (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/endstrasser-karl/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108001934/http://www.lilawinkel.at/endstrasser-karl/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |[[File:Stolperstein für Karl Endstrasser.JPG|200px]] | [[Graz]], Wienerstrasse 53 | 27 Julaay 2013 |- | [[Josef Engel]] | [[File:Stolpersteine Köln, Josef Engel (Weberstraße 21).jpg|200px]] | Köln, Weberstr. 21 | |- | [[Julius Engelhardt]]<ref>[https://stolpersteine-guide.de/biografie/443/julius-engelhardt Julius Engelhardt, stolpersteine]</ref> | | [[Karlsruhe]], Buschwiesenweg 13 | 18 Maarso 2008 |- | [[Elly Fey]]<ref>[http://www.ksta.de/koeln/erinnerung-an-eine-standhafte-frau,15187530,13997304.html Erinnerung an eine standhafte Frau]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Köln Wilhelmstraße 85 Elly Fey.jpg|200px]] | [[Kolonia (Niemcy)|Kolonia]], Wilhelmstraße 85 | 4 Oktoobar 2004 |- | [[Karl Finkernagel]]<ref name = frankfurt>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095322/http://www.stolpersteine-frankfurt.de/downloads/stolpersteine_zeitplan_1505.pdf Stolpersteine, Frankfurt]</ref> |[[File:Frankfurt, Hamburger Allee 58, Stolperstein.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Hamburger Allee 58 | 18 Mayo 2015 |- | [[Anita Frank]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/en/biografie/3785 Stolpersteine in Berlin, Anita Frank]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Auguste-Viktoria-Str 33 (Schma) Anita Frank.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Auguste-Viktoria-Str. 33 | 20 Maarso 2012 |- | [[Nikolaus Fraunhofer]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Nikolaus Fraunhofer (Salzburg).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Theodebertstraße 24 | 7 Julaay 2011 |- | [[Otto Friedrich]] | [[File:Stolperstein Otto Friedrich, Quellhofstraße 20, 1, Fasanenhof, Kassel.jpg|200px]] | Kassel, Quellhofstraße 20 | 14 Juun 2018 |- | [[Gustav Först]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Gustav Först.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Johanne Gesink]] | | [[Mettmann]], Römerstr. 18 | |- | [[Erich Golly]]<ref>[http://stolpersteine-hamburg.de/index.php?&MAIN_ID=7&p=65&BIO_ID=810 Stolpersteine in Hamburg]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Eppendorfer Weg 168 (Erich Golly) in Hamburg-Hoheluft-West.JPG|200px]] | [[Hamburg]], Eppendorfer Weg 168 | |- | [[Josef Göls]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Josef Göls (Salzburg).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Römergasse 17 | 22 Juun 2009 |- | [[Johann Gruber]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Johann Gruber (Salzburg).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Kirchbergsteig 4 | 23 Maarso 2012 |- | [[Ernst Fritz Gottschling]] | [[File:Stolperstein Dresden Gottschling.JPG|200px]] | [[Dresden]], Sophienstraße 16 | 29 Sebtembar 2015 |- | [[Paul Gross]] | [[File:Stolperstein Paul Gross.jpg|200px]] | [[Mülheim an der Ruhr]],<br />Oberhausener Straße 96 | |- | [[Max August Grote]]<ref>[http://stolpersteine-hamburg.de/index.php?MAIN_ID=7&BIO_ID=1254 Stolpersteine in Hamburg]</ref> | [[File:Max August Grote - Von-Essen-Straße 53 (Hamburg-Barmbek-Süd).Stolperstein.nnw.jpg|200px]] | [[Hamburg]], Von-Essen-Straße 53 | |- | [[Rosa Günther]] | [[File:Stolperstein Rosa Günther.jpg|200px]] | [[Monachium]], Isartalstraße 34 | 21 December 2013 |- | [[Georg Halder]]<ref name=swp>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Gruibingen will für Adolf Zanker einen Stolperstein setzen; SWP |url=http://www.swp.de/goeppingen/lokales/landkreis_gp/Gruibingen-will-fuer-Adolf-Zanker-einen-Stolperstein-setzen;art1210078,3755566 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401022307/http://www.swp.de/goeppingen/lokales/landkreis_gp/Gruibingen-will-fuer-Adolf-Zanker-einen-Stolperstein-setzen;art1210078,3755566 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | |[[Gruibingen]] |29 Maarso 2016 |- | [[Erich Hammesfahr]] | [[File:Stolperstein Solingen Kirschbaumer Str. 9 Erich Hammesfahr.jpg|200px]] | Solingen, Kirschbaumer Straße 9 | 20 December 2007 |- | [[Wilhelm Hengeveld]] | [[File:Stolperstein Wilhelm Hengeveld.jpg|200px]] | [[Mettmann]], Düsseldorfer Str. 124 | |- | [[Mathilde Hengeveld]] | [[File:Stolperstein Mathilde Hengeveld.jpg|200px]] | [[Mettmann]], Düsseldorfer Str. 124 | |- | [[Richard Hensel]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Richard Hensel.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Alfred Herber]]<ref>[https://www.blick-aktuell.de/Berichte/Stolpersteine-erinnernan-verfolgte-Zeugen-Jehovas-373758.html Alfred Herber (blick-aktuell.de)]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Herber Alfred.jpg|200px]] | [[Bonn]], Hunsrückstraße 2 | 4 Febraayo 2019 |- | [[Erich Hermann]] | [[File:Stolperstein Straßburger Str 16 (Prenz) Erich Hermann.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Straßburger Straße 16 | 8 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Rudolf Hart]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-graz.at/veranstaltungen/verlegung-von-stolpersteinen-in-graz-und-leoben-2/ Stolpersteine in Graz Verlegung von Stolpersteinen in Graz (stolpersteine-graz.at)]</ref> | | [[Graz]], Triester Str. 85 | 20 Sebtembar 2019 |- | [[Johann Haslauer]] | [[File:StolpersteinSalzburgHaslauerJohann.jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Getreidegasse 33 | 22 Ogosto 2008 |- | [[Maria Haslauer]] | [[File:StolpersteinSalzburgHaslauerMarie.jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Getreidegasse 33 | 22 Ogosto 2008 |- | [[Amalie Hesse]] | [[File: Stolperstein Amalie Hesse, 1, Mergellstraße 41, Kirchditmold, Kassel.jpg|200px]] | Kassel-Kirchditmold, Mergellstraße 41 | 23 Mayo 2017 |- | [[Auguste Hetkamp]] | | [[Oberhausen]], Kalkstraße 7 | 7 Abriil 2011 |- | [[Wilhelm Hetkamp]] | | Oberhausen, Am Walde 3b | 28 Maarso 2017 |- | [[Wilhelm Hetkamp]] | | Oberhausen, Am Walde 3b | 28 Maarso 2017 |- | [[Gustav Heyer]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Gustav Heyer (Erlangen).jpg|200px]] | Erlangen, Österreicher Straße 12a | |- | [[Frieda Hild]] | [[File:Stolperst marbachweg 291 hild frieda.jpg|200px]] | [[Frankfurt nad Menem]], Marbachweg 291 | 21 Juun 2014 |- | [[Willy Hild]] | [[File:Stolperst marbachweg 291 hild willy.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt nad Menem, Marbachweg 291 | 21 Juun 2014 |- | [[Johann Hildenbeutel]] | [[File:Stolperstein Karlsruhe Johann Hildenbeutel Baumeisterstr 34 (fcm).jpg|200px]] | [[Karlsruhe]], Baumeisterstraße 34 | 29 Mayo 2009 |- | [[Oswin Hilbert]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Oswin Hilbert.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Martha Bertha Hindel]]<ref>[https://www.stolpersteine-luebeck.de/main/adressen/krausestrasse-1.html In der Krausestraße 1 wohnte Martha Bertha Hindel mit ihrer Tochter Carmen-Lore (stolpersteine-luebeck.de)]</ref> | [[File:HL-109 Martha Hindel (1896).jpg|200px]] | Lubeck, Krausestraße 1 | 25 Abriil 2009 |- | [[Paulina Hofmaier (Feuerstein)]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Biografische Informationen Paulina Hofmaier geb. Feuerstein |url=http://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/hofmaier_paulina.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108000755/https://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/hofmaier_paulina.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stein hofmaier paulina.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Emmishofer Str. 8 | 9 Sebtembar 2013 |- | [[Johann Hörstgen]] | [[File:Stolperstein Johann Hörstgen.jpg|200px]] | [[Mülheim an der Ruhr]], Liebigstr. 27 | |- | [[Auguste Imlau]] | [[File:Stolperstein Braunschweig Karlstrasse 25 Auguste Imlau.jpg|200px]] | [[Brunschweig]], Karlstraße 25 | |- | [[Anna Jensch]] | | [[Mittenwalde (powiat Dahme-Spreewald)|Mittenwalde]], Gartenstrasse 5 | 22 Oktoobar 2012 |- | [[Ida Jeremias]]<ref name = glocke>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Stolpersteine erinnern an Zeugen Jehovas (die-glocke.de) |url=http://www.die-glocke.de/lokalnachrichten/kreiswarendorf/warendorf/Stolpersteine-erinnern-an-Zeugen-Jehovas-c881082b-6cfb-4b63-865f-31a534db8ca8-ds |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115170014/https://www.die-glocke.de/lokalnachrichten/kreiswarendorf/warendorf/Stolpersteine-erinnern-an-Zeugen-Jehovas-c881082b-6cfb-4b63-865f-31a534db8ca8-ds |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Warendorf Oststraße 33 Ida Jeremias.jpg|200px]] | [[Warendorf]], Oststraße 33 | 15 December 2016 |- | [[Amelie Jordt]] | [[File:Stolperstein Amalie Jordt.JPG|200px]] | [[Chemnitz]], Blücherstraße 17 | 7 Oktoobar 2008 |- | [[Wanda Jumpertz]] | [[File:Stolperstein Wanda Jumpertz, 1, Immengarten 8, Hildesheim, Landkreis Hildesheim.jpg|200px]] | [[Hildesheim]], Immengarten 8 | 9 Maarso 2012 |- | [[Hans Julius Johannes Jürs]] | | Lubeka, Weiter Lohberg 18 | 25 Abriil 2009 |- | [[Konrad Kaiser]]<ref>[https://www.badkissingen.de/de/stadt/geschichtliches/bad-kissinger-stolpersteine/37072.KONRAD-KAISER-1894-1940-Arbeiter-Jahnstrasse-35.html Konrad Kaiser (badkissingen.de)]</ref> | | [[Bad Kissingen]], Jahnstraße 35 | |- | [[Adam Kaltwasser]] | [[File:Stolperst ginnheimer landstr 198 kaltwasser adam.jpg|200px]] | [[Frankfurt am Mainz]], Ginnheimer Landstraße 198 | 21 Juun 2014 |- | [[Wilhelmine Kaltwasser]] | [[File:Stolperst ginnheimer landstr 198 kaltwasser wilhelmine.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Ginnheimer Landstraße 198 | 21 Juun 2014 |- | [[Friedrich Kaubisch]]<ref>[https://erich-zeigner-haus-ev.de/einzelprojekt/?pid=97 Friedrich Kaubisch (erich-zeigner-haus-ev.de)]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Kaubisch, Friedrich.jpg|200px]] | [[Bad Lausick]], August-Bebel-Straße 25 | 20 Juun 2018 |- | [[Bernhard Kell]] | [[File: Stolperst voltastr 55 kell bernhard.jpg|200px]] |Frankfurt am Main, Voltastr. 55 | 18 Mayo 2015 |- | [[Werner Kerlekien]] | [[File:Stolperstein Kiefholzstr 21 Werner Kerlekien.JPG|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Kiefholzstraße 21 | 8 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Karl Kirsch]] | | Bochum, Maxstraße 16 | 19 Sebtembar 2011 |- | [[Wilhelm Kleissle]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Biografische Informationen Wilhelm Kleissle |url=http://www.stolpersteine-konstanz.de/index.html?kleissle_wilhelm.htm |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226221106/https://www.stolpersteine-konstanz.de/index.html?kleissle_wilhelm.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:wilhelm-kleissle-konstanz.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Ackertorweg 10 | 22 Mayo 2009 |- | [[Victoria Klimm]] | [[File:Stolperstein Munich, Viktoria Klimm.jpg|200px]] | [[Monachium]], Entenbachstraße 45 | 21 December 2013 |- | [[Max Klix]] | [[File:Stolpersteine Köln, Max Klix (Humboldtstraße 22).jpg|200px]] | Köln, Humboldstraße 45 | |- | [[Franz Korb]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Franz Korb (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/korb-franz/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106001131/http://www.lilawinkel.at/korb-franz/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | | [[Graz]], Baiernstraße 14 | 22 Oktoobar 2020 |- | [[Matthias Köhli]] | [[File:Stolperstein.Fennpfuhl.Buggenhagenstraße 31.Matthias Köhli.6104.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Buggenhagenstraße 31 | 25 Sebtembar 2008 |- | [[Franz Krakat]] | [[File:Stolperstein Franz Krakat Sattelstraße 27 Ahlen.nnw.jpg|200px]] | Ahlen, Sattelstraße_27 | 5 Maarso 2010 |- | [[Adolf Krämer]] | [[File:Stolperstein Adolf Krämer, 1, Mainzer Landstraße 606, Griesheim, Frankfurt am Main.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Mainzer Landstraße 606 | 20 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Jakob Krämer]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161020170444/http://nibelungen-kurier.de/veranstaltungen/erster-stolperstein-fuer-verfolgten-zeugen-jehovas-in-worms/ Erster Stolperstein für verfolgten Zeugen Jehovas in Worms]</ref> | | [[Worms]], Dreihornmühlgasse 4 | 22 Oktoobar 2016 |- | [[Oscar Krieg]]<ref name=fr>[http://www.fr-online.de/frankfurt/stolpersteine-in-frankfurt-stolpersteine-erinnern-an-zeugen-jehovas,1472798,34255628.html Stolpersteine erinnern an Zeugen Jehovas, Frankfurter Rundschau]</ref> | | Frankfurt am Main, Hedderichstraße | 19 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Hermann Kubalski]]<ref>[http://www.ak-kurier.de/akkurier/www/artikel/13078-gegen-das-vergessen---abendspaziergang-zu-den-stolpersteinen Gegen das Vergessen – Abendspaziergang zu den Stolpersteinen, AK-Kurier]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Wissen Felsenweg Hermann Kubalski.jpg|200px]] | Wissen, Felsenweg | 28 Janaayo 2011 |- | [[Paul Kuchenbäcker]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/de/biografie/3508 Biografie Paul Kuchenbäcker, stolpersteine-berlin.de]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Paul Kuchenbäcker Osloer Straße 7 0105.JPG|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Osloer Straße 7 | 27 Abriil 2012 |- | [[Otto Kuhrts]] |[[File:Stolperstein.Friedrichshain.Danneckerstraße 6.Otto Kuhrts.0205.jpg|200px]] | Berlin, Danneckerstraße 6 | 20 Sebtembar 2013 |- | [[Annemarie Kusserow]] | | [[Bad Lippspringe]], Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Elisabeth Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Franz Kusserow]]<ref>[https://stolpersteine-bad-lippspringe.de/biografie/kusserow/ Biografie Familie Kusserow, stolpersteine-bad-lippspringe.de]</ref> | |Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Hans-Werner Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Hilda Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Hildegard Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Karl-Heinz Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Magdalena Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Paul-Gerhard Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Siegfried Kusserow]] | |Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Waltraud Kusserow]] | |Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Wilhelm Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Wolfgang Kusserow]] | | Bad Lippspringe, Arminiusstrasse 22 | 24 Juun 2020 |- | [[Otto Laabs]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-berlin.de/de/biografie/1247 Biografie Otto Laabs, stolpersteine-berlin.de]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Hoeppnerstr 4 (Templ) Otto Laabs.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Hoeppnerstraße 4 | 11 December 2007 |- | [[Heinrich Laakmann]] | [[File:Stolperstein Moers Bonifatiusstraße 47 Laakmann.JPG|200px]] | [[Moers]], Bonifatiusstraße 47 | |- | [[Anna Landschneider]] | | Kassel, Holländische Straße 55 | 22 Julaay 2016 |- | [[Heinrich Ferdinand Landschneider]]<ref name=HNA>[https://www.hna.de/kassel/nord-holland-ort304156/stolperstein-kasseler-zeugen-jehovas-heinrich-landschneider-6594126.html Den Hitlergruß verweigerte er - Stolperstein für Kasseler Zeugen Jehovas Heinrich Landschneider; HNA]</ref> | | Kassel, Holländische Straße 55 | 22 Julaay 2016 |- | [[Heinrich van Loo]] | [[File:HL-117 Heinrich van Loo (1883).jpg|200px]] | Lubeck, Morkerkestraße 17 | 25 Abriil 2009 |- | [[Paula Lubowitzky]] | [[File:Lubowitzky Paula.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt nad Menem, Loreleistraße 6 | 24 Juun 2017 |- | [[Heinrich Maass]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Neuer Faulenhoop 23; stolpersteine-luebeck.de |url=https://www.stolpersteine-luebeck.de/n/en/main/location-addresses/neuer-faulenhoop-23.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105094824/https://www.stolpersteine-luebeck.de/n/en/main/location-addresses/neuer-faulenhoop-23.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |[[File:HL-116 Heinrich Maass (1897).jpg|200px]] | Lubeck, Neuer Faulenhoop 23 | 25 Abriil 2009 |- | [[Otto Martens]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Otto Martens |url=https://www.kiel.de/de/kiel_zukunft/stadtgeschichte/stolpersteine/stolpersteine/_biografien/martens_otto_stolpersteine.pdf |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105093323/https://www.kiel.de/de/kiel_zukunft/stadtgeschichte/stolpersteine/stolpersteine/_biografien/martens_otto_stolpersteine.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Otto Martens (Kronshagen).jpg|200px]] | [[Kiel]], Kieler Straße 43 | 24 Abriil 2009 |- | [[Berta Maurer]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Stolpersteine Konstanz, Berta Maurer |url=http://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/index.html?maurer_berta.htm |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126013608/https://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/index.html?maurer_berta.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein maurer konstanz.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Löhrystraße 4 | 22 Mayo 2009 |- | [[Robert Mäusert]] | [[File:Stolperstein Robert Mäusert, 1, Im Bahnwinkel 10, Hassel, Gelsenkirchen.jpg|200px]] | Gelsenkirchen, Im Bahnwinkel 10 | |- | [[Elisabeth Mayer]] | [[File:Stolperstein Elisabeth Mayer, 1, Fabriciusstraße 11, Griesheim, Frankfurt am Main.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Mainz, Fabriciusstrasse 11 | 22 Juun 2019 |- | [[Rudolf Mazanec]] | [[File:Stolperstein Mazanec Rudolf Hedwigstr.49 Dinslaken.jpg|200px]] | [[Dinslaken]], Hedwigstraße 49 | 17 Abriil 2014 |- | [[Anna Luise Meissner]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Biografische Informationen Anna Luise Meissner |url=http://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/meissner_anna_luise.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208083743/https://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/meissner_anna_luise.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:anna-luise-meissner-konstanz.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Badgasse 5 | 22 Mayo 2009 |- | [[Erich Meyer]] | [[File:Stolpersteine MG Meyer Erich.jpg|200px]] | Mönchengladbach, Hermann-Löns-Straße 4 | 18 Mayo 2010 |- | [[Ernst Meyer]] | [[File:Stolpersteine MG Meyer Ernst.jpg|200px]] | Mönchengladbach, Hermann-Löns-Straße 4 | 18 Mayo 2010 |- | [[Friedrich Meyer]] | [[File:Stolperstein Friedrich Meyer, 1, Stoltzestraße 20, Innenstadt, Frankfurt am Main.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Stoltzerstrasse 20 | Juun 2021 |- | [[Henriette Meyer]]<ref name = moen>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180324101544/https://www.moenchengladbach.de/index.php?id=stolpersteine Stolpersteine in Mönchengladbach]</ref> | [[File:Stolpersteine MG Meyer Henriette.jpg|200px]] | Mönchengladbach, Hermann-Löns-Straße 4 | 18 Mayo 2010 |- | [[Margarethe Meyer]] | [[File:Stolperstein Margarethe Meyer, 1, Stoltzestraße 20, Innenstadt, Frankfurt am Main.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Stoltzerstrasse 20 | Juun 2021 |- | [[Franz Mittendorfer]] | | [[Salzburg]], Landstraße 15 | 22 Ogosto 2007 |- | [[Johann Moser]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Johann Moser 2.jpg|200px]] | [[Graz]], Reininghausstraße 50 | 16 Ogusto 2016 |- | [[Anna Muth]] |[[File:Stolperst emser bruecke muth anna.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Emser Brücke (Emserstraße 16) | 21 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Ernst Muth]] | [[File:Stolperst emser bruecke muth ernst.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Emser Brücke (Emserstraße 16) | 21 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Adolf Mühlhäuser]] | [[File:Stolperstein Karlsruhe Mühlhäuser Adolf.jpeg|200px]] | [[Karlsruhe]], Moningerstraße 4 | 29 Mayo 2009 |- | [[Paul Müller]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Paul Müller.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Johann Nobis]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Johann Nobis.JPG|200px]] | Sankt Georgen bei Salzburg, Holzhauser Str. 32 | 19 Julaay 1997 |- | [[Mathias Nobis|Matthias Nobis]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Matthias Nobis.JPG|200px]] | Sankt Georgen bei Salzburg, Holzhauser Str. 32 | 19 Julaay 1997 |- | [[Luise Pakull]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081203171045/http://www.standhaft.org/forschung/biograph/pakull.html Wer war Luise Pakull?]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Neuss Innenstadt Krefelder Straße 38 Luise Pakull.jpg|200px]] | [[Neuss]], Krefelder Straße 38 | |- | [[Otto Pawelzik]]<ref>[http://www.hattingen.de/stadt_hattingen/Bildung%20und%20Kultur/Stadtarchiv/Stadtgeschichte/Stolpersteine/stolperst_pawelzik.pdf Stolperstein Hattingen, Otto Pawelzik]</ref> | [[File:Stolpersteine in Hattingen 009 Otto Pawelzik.jpg|200px]] | [[Hattingen (Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia)|Hattingen]], Am Schewenkamp 58 | 13 December 2005 |- | [[Johann Pichler]] |[[File:Salzburg - Langwied - Bachwinkelweg 10 Stolperstein Pichler - 2020 09 21-1.jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Bachwinkelweg 10 | 22 Juun 2009 |- | [[Friederich Poburski]]<ref>[http://www.stolpersteine-gelsenkirchen.de/stolperstein_friederich_poburski.htm Stolperstein Gelsenkirchen, Friederich Poburski]</ref> | | [[Gelsenkirchen]], Vandalenstraße 14 | 14 Abriil 2011 |- | [[Justus Pötter]] | [[File:Stolperstein Justus Pötter.jpg|200px]] | Kassel, Wahlershäuser Straße 2 | 3 Nofeembar 2013 |- | [[Wilhelmine Pötter]] | [[File:Stolperstein Wilhelmine Pötter.jpg|200px]] | Kassel, Wahlershäuser Straße 2 | 3 Nofeembar 2013 |- | [[Gerhard Raddatz]] | [[File:Stolperstein.Rummelsburg.Wönnichstraße 103.Gerhard Raddatz.4413.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Wönnichstraße 103 | 10 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Anton Rafetseder]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Anton Rafetseder (Salzburg).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Römergasse 17 | 22 Juun 2009 |- | [[Aloisia Regenfelder]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Aloisia Regenfelder (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/regenfelder-aloisia-geb-godar/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106000949/http://www.lilawinkel.at/regenfelder-aloisia-geb-godar/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Aloisia Regenfelder.JPG|200px]] | [[Graz]], Reininghausstraße 28 | 5 Julaay 2014 |- | [[Josef Regenfelder]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Josef Regenfelder (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/regenfelder-josef/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106000945/http://www.lilawinkel.at/regenfelder-josef/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Josef Regenfelder.JPG|200px]] | [[Graz]], Reininghausstraße 28 | 5 Julaay 2014 |- | [[Cäcilia Reiter]]<ref name=reiter>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Cäcilia Reiter (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/2013/07/?cat=4 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106000951/http://www.lilawinkel.at/2013/07/?cat=4 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Cäcilia Reiter.JPG|200px]] | [[Graz]], Einödstrasse 1 | 27 Julaay 2013 |- | [[Ernst Reiter]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Ernst Reiter.JPG|200px]] | [[Graz]], Einödstrasse 1 | 27 Julaay 2013 |- | [[Franz Reiter]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Franz Reiter (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/reiter-franz/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106001125/http://www.lilawinkel.at/reiter-franz/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Salzburg, Franz Reiter (Auerspergstraße 48).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Auerspergstraße 48 | 23 Maarso 2012 |- | [[Rudolf Redlinghofer]] | [[File:Stolperstein-Redlinghofer.jpg|200px]] | [[Krems an der Donau]], Spitalgasse 3 | 23 Juun 2009 |- | [[Otto Reiche]] | [[File:Stolperstein.Weißensee.Behaimstraße 20.Otto Reiche.6044.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Behaimstraße 20 | 8 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Robert Reicher]]<ref>[http://www.chemnitz.de/chemnitz/de/die-stadt-chemnitz/geschichte/stolpersteine/stolpersteine_chemnitz.html Stolpersteine (chemnitz.de)]</ref> | | [[Chemnitz]], Zietenstraße 85 | 30 Mayo 2017 |- | [[Karl Reese]]<ref name=resse>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171006212028/http://www.bibelforscher.de/index.php?thread%2F11135-christliche-opfer-des-faschismus%2F Harburger Rathaus: Ausstellung zur Verfolgung der "Zeugen Jehovas" im Dritten Reich]</ref> | [[File:HH-Langenhorn Karl Reese.jpg|200px]] | [[Hamburg]]-Langenhorn, Tangstedter Landstraße 158 | |- | [[Kurt Richter]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Kurt Richter.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Julius Rinklin]] | [[File:Heidelberg Julius Rinklin.png|200px]] | [[Heidelberg]], Landstraße 31 | 15 Nofeembar 2012 |- | [[Hans Schulze]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Hans Schulze, Saarstrasse 30, Dresden.JPG|200px]] | Dresden, Saarstraße 30 | |- | [[Franz Saumer]] | [[File:Moers Stolperstein Elbestraße 9.jpeg|200px]] | [[Moers]], Elbestraße 9 | 24 Nofeembar 2015 |- |[[Anna Sax]] | [[File:Stolpersteine Jehovah's Witnesses.jpg|200px]] | [[Braunau am Inn]], Linzerstraße 36 | 11 Ogosto 2006 |- | [[Josef Schöfegger]] | [[File:Stolperstein Salzburg, Josef Schöfegger (Nonntaler Hauptstraße 120).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Nonntaler Hauptstraße 120 | 22 Julaay 2010 |- | [[Anna Schaumann]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Biografische Informationen Anna Schaumann |url=http://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/schaumann_anna.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120101301/https://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/schaumann_anna.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:anna-schaumann-konstanz.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Döbelestr. 6 | 12 Julaay 2011 |- | [[Marie Schättle]] | [[File:Schaettle-marie-frankfurt-palmgartenstrasse3.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt n. Menem, Palmengartenstraße 3 | 20 Mayo 2016 |- | [[Christian Schalk]]<ref>[https://www.haller-kreisblatt.de/lokal/halle/22678925_Stolperstein-fuer-einen-Kuensebecker.html Opfer der NS-Zeit: Stolperstein für einen Künsebecker Zeugen Jehovas]</ref> | | [[Halle (Westf.)]], Künsebecker Hauptstraße | 28 Janaayo 2020 |- | [[Horst Schmidt]] | [[File:Stolperstein Horst Schmidt in Berlin-Wilhelmstadt.jpg|200px]] | Berlin, Franzstraße 30/36 | 10 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Katharina Schmid]]<ref>[http://www.fr-online.de/frankfurt/stolpersteine-frankfurt-erster-stein-fuer-zeugin-jehovas,1472798,23481876.html ''Erster Stein für Zeugin Jehovas'', Frankfurter Rundschau]</ref> | [[File:Stolperst paul ehrlich str 40 schmid katharina.jpg|200px]] | Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 40 | 21 Juun 2013 |- | [[Christine Schürmann]] | | [[Oberhausen]], Kalkstraße 7 | 7 Abriil 2011 |- | [[Eugen Schwab]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Stolpersteine Konstanz, Eugen Schwab |url=http://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/schwab_eugen.html |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208084912/https://stolpersteine-konstanz.de/schwab_eugen.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stein schwab eugen.jpg|200px]] | [[Konstanz]], Sierenmoosstraße 12 | 8 Sebtembar 2013 |- | [[Josef Schwarz]] | [[File:Stolperstein Josef Schwarz Am Stockpiper 94 Ahlen.nnw.jpg|200px]] | Ahlen, Am Stockpiper 94 | 3 Mayo 2010 |- | [[Stanislaus Schwarz]] | [[File:Stolperstein Stanislaus Schwarz Schachtstraße 10 Ahlen.nnw.jpg|200px]] | Ahlen, Schachtstraße 10 | 3 Mayo 2010 |- | [[Walter H. E. Schwendt]]<ref>[http://www.museenkoeln.de/ns-dokumentationszentrum/pages/1204.aspx?s=1204&stid=1457&vgr=Zeugen%20Jehovas Mussen Koeln, Walter H.E. Schwendt]</ref> | [[File:Stolpersteine Köln, Walter H.E. Schwendt (Bamberger Straße 6).jpg|200px]] | Köln, Bamberger Straße 6 | |- | [[August Seelhorst]]<ref name=pr>[https://www.pressreader.com/ Gedenken in Gehweg (pressreader.com)]</ref> | | Frankfurt Oder, Große Müllroser Strasse 54 | 31 Mayo 2017 |- | [[Regina Seelhorst]] | | Frankfurt Oder, Große Müllroser Strasse 54 | 31 Mayo 2017 |- | [[Josef Seibold]] | [[File:Stolperstein Ulm Josef Seibold.JPG|200px]] | Ulm, Kapellengasse 25 | |- | [[Johann Seibold]] | [[File:Stolperstein Ulm Johann Seibold.JPG|200px]] | Ulm, Kapellengasse 25 | |- | [[Konrad Seibold jun.]] | [[File:Stolperstein Ulm Konrad Seibold jun.JPG|200px]] | Ulm, Uhrenmachergasse 23 | |- | [[Konrad Seibold sen.]] | [[File:Stolperstein Ulm Konrad Seibold.JPG|200px]] | Ulm, Uhrenmachergasse 23 | |- | [[Alfred Seltmann]] | [[File:15.8.2018 Stolperstein von Alfred Seltmann Auerbach Vogtl. Liebknechtstr. 1a.JPG|200px]] | Auerbach/Vogtl., Liebknechtstr. 1a | 15 Julaay 2013 |- | [[Adam Sewenig]] | [[File:Stolperstein in Hannover für Adam Sewenig.jpg|200px]] | Hanower, Alte Döhrener Straße 27 | 4 December 2012 |- | [[Otto Reinhold Siegel]] | [[File:Stolperstein Hardenbergstr 16 (Charl) Otto Reinhold Siegel.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Hardenbergstraße 16 | |- | [[Wilhelm Soulier]] | [[File:Stolperstein Karlsruhe Soulier Wilhelm.jpeg|200px]] | [[Karlsruhe]], Kriegsstraße 173 | 19 Maarso 2008 |- | [[Jonathan Stark]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stolpersteine Ulm; Jonathan Stark (stolpersteine-fuer-ulm.de) |url=http://stolpersteine-fuer-ulm.de/familie/jonathan-stark/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105093323/http://stolpersteine-fuer-ulm.de/familie/jonathan-stark/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[File:Stolpersteine Ulm Jonathan Stark.jpg|200px]] | [[Ulm]], Herdbruckerstraße 6 | |- | [[Friedrich (Fritz) Stoffels]]<ref name="koeln">[http://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/presse/stolpersteine-fuer-zeugen-jehovas Stolpersteine für Zeugen Jehovas, stadt-koeln.de]</ref> |[[File:Stolperstein Köln, Fritz Stoffels (Belvederestraße 147).jpg|200px]] | [[Köln]], Belvederestr. 147 | 20 Janaayo 2007 |- | [[Klara Stoffels]] | [[File:Stolperstein Köln, Klara Stoffels (Belvederestraße 147).jpg|200px]] | [[Köln]], Belvederestr. 147 | 20 Janaayo 2007 |- | [[Adolf Strim]]<ref>[https://www.marbacher-zeitung.de/inhalt.marbach-rielingshausen-stolperstein-wird-im-juni-verlegt.42b7fe76-e546-4a1c-a396-a4475b3bb4cf.html Marbach-Rielingshausen: Stolperstein wird im Juni verlegt]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Adolf Stirm Rielingshausen 20190911 164718.jpg|200px]] | Marbach am Neckar, Lange Straße 15 | 29 Juun 2019 |- | [[Friedrich Thumann]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Friedrich Thumann (Gera).jpg|200px]] | [[Gera]], Hartmannsdorfer Weg 4 | |- | [[Walter Thumann]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Walter Ernst Thumann (Gera).jpg|200px]] | Gera, Hartmannsdorfer Weg 4 | |- | [[Alfred Willi Tilke]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Alfred Willi Tilke, Stolpersteine in Halle |url=http://www.zeit-geschichten.de/th_01_v_13c.htm |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124205907/http://www.zeit-geschichten.de/th_01_v_13c.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Halle Tilke.JPG|200px]] | [[Halle (Saale)]], Kleine Ulrichstraße 38 | |- | [[Notburga Tiefgraber]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Notburga Tiefgraber (Salzburg).jpg|200px]] | [[Salzburg]], Aigner Straße 10 | 22 Julaay 2010 |- | [[Johann Trausner]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Verein Lila Winkel: Johann Trausner (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/trausner-johann/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106001103/http://www.lilawinkel.at/trausner-johann/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Johann Trausner.JPG|200px]] | [[St. Johann im Pongau]], Liechtensteinklammstr. 3 | 15 Julaay 2015 |- | [[Franz Tschoggl]] | | [[Leoben]], Kerpelystraße 21 | 19 Oktoobar 2020 |- | [[Maximilian Tschoggl]] | | [[Leoben]], Kerpelystraße 21 | 19 Oktoobar 2020 |- | [[Rudolf Tschoggl]] | | [[Leoben]], Kerpelystraße 21 | 19 Oktoobar 2020 |- | [[Heinz Max Wenk]] | [[File:Stolperstein für Heinz Max Wenk, Chauseehausstrasse 8, Dresden.JPG|200px]] | Dresden, Chauseehausstraße 8 | 29 Sebtembar 2015 |- | [[Paul Weseler]] | [[File:Stolperstein Paul Weseler.jpg|200px]] | [[Mülheim an der Ruhr]],<br />Prinzeß-Luise-Straße 100 | |- | [[Reinhold Wilczek]] | [[File:Sassnitz, Weddingstr. 12, Stolperstein Reinhold Wilczek.jpg|200px]] | [[Sassnitz]], Weddingstr. 12 | 17 Sebtembar 2007 |- | [[Robert Winkler]] | [[File:Stolperstein Winkler, Robert Arthur.jpg|200px]] | [[Bonn]], Endenischer Straße 5 | 4 Febraayo 2019 |- | [[Hermann August Wollschläger]] | [[File:Stolperstein Halle Wollschläger.JPG|200px]] | [[Halle (Saale)]], Schlosserstraße 29 | |- | [[Anna Wegscheider]] | | [[Salzburg]], Landstraße 15 | 22 Ogosto 2007 |- | [[Josef Wegscheider]] | | [[Salzburg]], Landstraße 15 | 22 Ogosto 2007 |- | [[Eduard Wohinz]]<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Lila Winkel: Eduard Wohinz (lilawinkel.at) |url=http://www.lilawinkel.at/wohinz-eduard/ |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106000947/http://www.lilawinkel.at/wohinz-eduard/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein für Eduard Wohinz (Graz).jpg|200px]] | [[Graz]], Weissenkircherstrasse 35 | 27 Sebtembar 2017 |- | [[Hans Christian Carl Wulff]]<ref>[http://www.spurensuche-kreis-pinneberg.de/stolperstein-hans-christian-carl-wulff/ Stolperstein Hans Christian Carl Wulff]</ref> | [[File:Stolperstein Hans Christian Carl Wulff.png|200px]] | [[Elmshorn]], Königstraße 51 | |- | [[Adolf Zanker]] | | [[Gruibingen]], Hauptstraße 18 | 29 Maarso 2016 |- | [[Berta Zanker]] | | Gruibingen, Hauptstraße 18 | 29 Maarso 2016 |- | [[Emmy Zehden]] | [[File:Stolperstein Emmy Zehden in Berlin-Wilhelmstadt.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Franzstraße 30/36 | 10 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Richard Zehden]] | [[File:Stolperstein Richard Zehden in Berlin-Wilhelmstadt.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Franzstraße 30/36 | 10 Oktoobar 2011 |- | [[Anna Zellman]] | [[File:Stolperstein Hansastr 17 (Gesbr) Anna Zellmann.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Hansastraße 17 | |- | [[Emil Zellman]] | [[File:Stolperstein Hansastr 17 (Gesbr) Emil J Zellmann.jpg|200px]] | [[Berlin]], Hansastraße 17 | |} [[category:Diin]] [[Category:Taariikh]] d8zvbknp1ig3uu1bo779hqfklh957ut 0 34593 298868 262206 2026-06-19T11:19:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298868 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Warka Salidka Saudi Arabia''' [[File:Oil_well.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} ==Waddanamaha Dofinka Salidka Saudi Arabia== * {{Flag|Japan}} * {{Flag|China}} * {{Flag|India}} * {{Flag|Thailand}} * {{Flag|United States}} ==Warka== * https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/113023-saudi-arabia-russia-extend-oil-supply-cuts-into-q1-2024-as-other-opec-members-join * https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/10/aramco-posts-25percent-fall-in-full-year-profit.html * https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/10/13/saudi-opec-oil-production-biden/ * https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/21/turkey-criticises-us-for-pressuring-saudi-arabia-over-oil-output *https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-27/saudi-arabia-announces-discovery-of-five-natural-gas-fields * https://www.ft.com/content/8e13522e-70e0-462a-bf15-476c9e0a0cec * https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/opec-members-saudi-arabia-russia-consider-pausing-oil-production-increases-wsj-2021-11-24/ * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-24/flush-with-cash-saudi-prince-snubs-biden-and-sends-a-message *https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-aramco-discovers-some-new-natural-gas-fields-news-agency-2022-02-27/ * https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/saudi-arabia-announces-discovery-of-five-natural-gas-fields {{Wayback|url=https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/saudi-arabia-announces-discovery-of-five-natural-gas-fields |date=20220227183910 }} *https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/mar/20/saudi-aramco-to-increase-oil-production-to-meet-global-demand *https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-considers-accepting-yuan-instead-of-dollars-for-chinese-oil-sales-11647351541 *https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/022722-saudi-arabia-discovers-five-conventional-and-unconventional-gas-fields *https://www.arabnews.com/node/1783511/saudi-arabia *https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/ghawar-oil-field/ * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-06/saudi-arabia-unexpectedly-raises-oil-prices-for-asia-customers * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-04/saudi-arabia-s-oil-chief-reiterates-need-for-cautious-approach * https://www.ft.com/content/2b6ed520-347b-4c1d-be08-6e70b767f4fc * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-26/saudi-arabia-s-oil-exports-hit-the-highest-level-since-2016 ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Warka Salidka Waddanamaha]] d3lkk6dgp4qyxgj6ep5jsto5nif7bih 0 34769 298852 268235 2026-06-19T09:20:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Priyanka Chopra|spouse={{Marriage|[[Nick Jonas]]|2018}}|awards=|honours=[[Padma Shri]] (2016)|title=[[Marwada Adduunka 2020]]|works=|other_names=Priyanka Chopra Jonas|relatives=|yearsactive=2002–hada|image=Priyanka Chopra at 2019 Cannes (cropped).jpg|occupation=Atariisho|birth_place=[[Jamshedpur]], [[Bihar]] (hada ee [[Jharkhand]]), [[Hindiya]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|7|18}}|birth_name=|caption=Chopra ee 2019|alt=|signature=Signature Priyanka Chopra.png|children=1}}'''Priyanka Chopra Jonas''' ({{IPA-hns|prɪˈjəŋka ˈtʃoːpɽa|pron}}; ''[[née]]'' '''Chopra'''; dhashay 18 Luuliyo 1982)<ref>"I've Always Been Part of Big VFX Blockbuster Films...": Priyanka Chopra. ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]''.</ref> waa atariisho Hindi ah, moodel, filim soo saare, iyo heesaa. Ku guulaysta tartanka [[Marwada Adduunka 2000]], Chopra waa mid ka mid ah dadka Hindiya ugu mushaarka badan uguna caansan madadaalada.  Waxay heshay abaal-marinno badan, oo ay ku jiraan laba abaal-marin oo [[Abaalmarinta Filimada Qaranka]] ah iyo shan [[Abaalmarinta Filmfare]] ah. Sanadkii 2016, dowlada Hindiya waxay ku abaal marisay [[Padma Shri]], waxayna ''[[Time]]'' ku sheegtay inay ka mid tahay [[Time 100|100-Ka Qof ee Ugu Saameynta Badan Caalamka]], waxaana labada sano ee soo socota ay ''[[Forbes]]'' ku dartay [[Liiska Forbes 100 Ka Haweenka Ugu Awooda Badan Aduunka|100-ka Haweenka ee Ugu Wwooda Badan Caalamka]]. == Taariikh nololeedka iyo shaqada == [[File:Priyanka_Chopra_Family.jpg|alt=Priyanka Chopra and her family are looking towards the camera.|thumb|Chopra iyada iyo waalidkeed iyo walaalkeed, 2012]] Priyanka Chopra waxay dhalatay 18 Luuliyo 1982, waalidkeed waa Ashok iyo Madhu Chopra oo labaduba ah dhakhaatiir ka tirsan ciidamada Hindiya.<ref>"Birthday Special: 30 Facts About Priyanka Chopra". [[Rediff.com|''Rediff.com'']]. </ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120718055252/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Birthday-blast-Priyanka-Chopra-s-Top-30-moments-in-showbiz/Article1-890611.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-hissing-cousins-parineeti-chopra-vs-meera-chopra-1971612</ref><ref>http://www.filmfare.com/interviews/ill-get-married-six-times-priyanka-chopra-4412.html</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Priyanka-Chopra-missed-visiting-her-hometown-Ambala/articleshow/47502145.cms</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Much-ado-about-Adieu/2016/06/12/article3478145.ece |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2016-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613134407/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/Much-ado-about-Adieu/2016/06/12/article3478145.ece |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131204003258/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/priyanka-chopra-harassed-by-unknown-man/143892-8-66.html</ref> Chopra waxay leedahay walaal, Siddharth, kaas oo todoba jir ah iyada oo ka yar.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120918053144/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/7417-14.html</ref> Iyadoo 13 jir ah, Chopra waxay u guurtay Maraykanka si ay wax u barato, iyada oo la nool eeddadeed.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.spin.com/2012/10/priyanka-chopra-actress-singer-album-william/ |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2012-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015181200/https://www.spin.com/2012/10/priyanka-chopra-actress-singer-album-william/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_when-priyanka-chopra-slept-in-a-cage_1285654</ref> Intii ay joogtay [[Massachusetts]], waxay ka qaybqaadatay dhawr soosaar masraxeed, waxayna baratay muusiga qadiimiga ah ee reer galbeedka, iyo heesaha.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131207145033/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2001/12/14/stories/2001121400720200.htm</ref> Intii lagu guda jiray sannadihii ay ku jirtay gudaha Mareykanka, Chopra mararka qaarkood waxay la kulantay arrimo isir, waxaana loo cagajugleeyay inay Hindi tahay arday Afrikaan Mareykan ah oo ay isku fasal ahaayeen.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkZFJeHj_ac</ref><ref>http://www.ibtimes.co.in/articles/382108/20120908/priyanka-chopra-bullied-high-school-being-browny.htm</ref> Saddex sano ka dib, Chopra waxay ku soo noqotay Hindiya, iyada oo dhammaysay sannaddii ugu sarraysay ee waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130410033809/http://www.armyschoolbareilly.com/alumni.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140522031443/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/your-call-with-priyanka-chopra-full-transcript-268081</ref> Muddadaas, Chopra waxa ay ku guulaysatay tartanka quruxda May Queen,<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001202/main3.htm</ref> ka dib markii ay soo raacday dadka xiiseeya; qoyskeedu waxay gurigooda ku qalabeeyeen baarar si ay u ilaaliso. Hooyadeed waxay ku soo gashay tartankii [[Marwada Hindiya|Femina Miss India]] ee 2000; waxay ku dhameysatay kaalinta labaad.<ref>http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2004/jul/29priyanka.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/Archives/International-Winners/articleshow/msid-5931192,curpg-2.cms |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2012-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410000257/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/Archives/International-Winners/articleshow/msid-5931192%2Ccurpg-2.cms |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Chopra ayaa ku xigtay ku guuleysiga [[Marwada Adduunka|Miss World]], halkaas oo loo caleemo saaray [[Marwada Adduunka 2000]].<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/archives/1991-2000/articleshow/5022005.cms |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2013-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329100350/http://feminamissindia.indiatimes.com/archives/1991-2000/articleshow/5022005.cms |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/nov/30world.htm</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Fz2WDD8sB0MC&pg=PA85</ref> === Shaqo === [[File:Priyanka_Chopra_2003.jpg|thumb|Chopra ee 2003]] In kasta oo Chopra ay markii hore hamminaysay in ay barato injineernimada hawada, haddana waxa ay aqbashay dalabyo ah in ay ku biirto warshadaha aflaanta Hindiya, fursadahaas oo ka dhashay natiijada guusha tartanki.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/i-dont-see-myself-as-sexy-priyanka/ |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2014-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221070154/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/i-dont-see-myself-as-sexy-priyanka/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Doorkedi ugu horeyay ee ay ku jisho filmka Tamil ''Thamizhan'' (2002).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100903210447/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/04/19/stories/2002041900820203.htm</ref> She then did her first Bollywood film in ''The Hero: Love Story of a Spy'' (2003).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131023141040/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=209&catName=MjAwMw</ref><ref>https://rottentomatoes.com/m/10002625-hero/</ref><ref>https://variety.com/2003/film/reviews/the-hero-love-story-of-a-spy-1200542160/</ref> Waxay door hormuud ah ku ciyaartay aflaantii guusha badnaa ''Andaaz'' (2003) iyo ''Mujhse Shaadi Karogi'' (2004) waxayna ku heshay abaal weyn doorkii ay ku lahayd filimkii 2004 ''[[Aitraaz]]''. Chopra waxay caan ku noqotay doorarkii ay ku jishay aflaantii ugu sarreeyey ee ''Krrish'' iyo ''Don''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130510085423/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-01/mumbai/29492819_1_stunts-film-industry-action-scenes</ref><ref>http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/oct/20don.htm</ref> (labadaba 2006), waxayna markii dambe dib u soo celisay doorkeeda taxanahan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131010014505/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=210&catName=MjAwNA</ref> Dib u dhac kooban ka dib, Chopra waxa ay guulo ka heshay 2008dii iyada oo ku ciyaartay moodal dhib badan ee ''[[Fashion]]'', taas oo ku guulaysatay abaal-marinno badan, iyo doorkeeda sida wariye ee ''Dostana''.<ref>http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/oct/301008fashionpriyankachopra.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121105144419/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-verdict-fashion-no-real-expose/77189-8.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-23/india/28125140_1_national-film-awards-hindi-film-film-on-social-issues |access-date=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2011-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811030431/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-01-23/india/28125140_1_national-film-awards-hindi-film-film-on-social-issues |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.apsaraawards.org/4th_apsara_awards_winners.html</ref><ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/december-gives-some-respite-with-2-hits/404989/</ref><ref>http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/6258</ref><ref>http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/features/type/view/id/3604/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-11-14/news/28439297_1_abhishek-bachchan-dostana-yash-johar |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2015-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701164620/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-11-14/news/28439297_1_abhishek-bachchan-dostana-yash-johar |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Chopra waxay ku heshay aqoonsi ballaaran doorkeeda ''Kaminey'' (2009), ''[[7 Khoon Maaf]]'' (2011), ''[[Barfi!]]'' (2012), ''[[Mary Kom (filim)|Mary Kom]]'' (2014), ''Dil Dhadakne Do'' (2015) iyo ''Bajirao Mastani'' (2015). Laga soo bilaabo 2015 ilaa 2018, waxay ku matashay Alex Parrish taxanaha ''Quantico'' waxayna ku soo noqotay shineemo Hindi filimka [[The Sky Is Pink|''The Sky Is Pink'']] (2019).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090822231228/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/masands-movie-review-kaminey-is-imaginative/99242-8-p0.html</ref> == Samafalka == [[File:Priyanka Chopra promoting The Sky Is Pink.jpg|left|thumb|Chopra ee 2019]] Chopra waxay taageertaa sababo kala duwan iyada oo loo marayo aasaaskeeda "The Priyanka Chopra Foundation for Health and Education", kaas oo ka shaqeeya bixinta taageerada carruurta aan mudnaanta lahayn ee dalka oo dhan dhinacyada Waxbarashada iyo Caafimaadka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Priyanka Chopra named Campaign Ambassador for 'NDTV-Vedanta Our Girls Our Pride'|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/priyanka-chopra-named-campaign-ambassador-for-ndtv-vedanta-our-girls-our-pride-532110|publisher=NDTV|date=19 August 2013|access-date=2 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007032953/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/priyanka-chopra-named-campaign-ambassador-for-ndtv-vedanta-our-girls-our-pride-532110|archive-date=7 October 2015}}</ref> Waxay ku tabarucaysaa boqolkiiba toban dakhligeeda si ay ugu maalgeliso hawlaha mu'asasada, waxayna bixisaa kharashka waxbarashada iyo caafimaadka ee toddobaatan carruur ah oo ku nool Hindiya, oo konton ka mid ah ay yihiin gabdho.<ref>http://www.glamour.com/story/quantico-star-priyanka-chopra-on-education</ref> Waxay inta badan ka hadashaa arrimaha haweenka: ka dhanka ah haweenka dhallaanka ah iyo nacaybka, iyo taageeridda waxbarashada gabdhaha.<ref>http://madeinatlant.powweb.com/priyanka_chopra/interview2.htm</ref> Qof aaminsan dumarnimada, Chopra waxa uu had iyo jeer ka hadli jiray [[xuquuqda haweenka]], [[sinnaanta jinsiga]], iyo [[farqiga mushaharka jinsiga]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140713202735/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/priyanka-cries-gender-inequality-wants-more-pay-for-actresses-1563635.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160202180950/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/movies/i-am-an-extremely-proud-feminist-priyanka-chopra-1180609.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160202175942/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/need-a-re-look-into-womens-rights-in-the-country-priyanka-chopra-609728</ref> Sannadkii 2010-kii Chopra waxa ay ka mid ahayd dhawr qof oo caan ah oo u abuuray fariimaha xayaysiis ee Pearls Wave Trust, kaas oo u ololeeya rabshadaha iyo xadgudubyada haweenka iyo gabdhaha.<ref>http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-bollywood-celebrities-to-support-pearls-wave-intitiave-on-women-against-violence-1347298</ref> Chopra ayaa sidoo kale bilowday ololaha "Save the Girl Child", kaas oo looga golleeyahay in lagu beddelo hab-dhaqanka Hindida ee gabdhaha.<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/etc/priyanka-chopra-kicks-off-save-girl-child-campaign_612977.html |access-date=2022-02-07 |archive-date=2013-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523162534/http://zeenews.india.com/news/etc/priyanka-chopra-kicks-off-save-girl-child-campaign_612977.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Nolosha gaarka ah == [[File:Priyanka_Chopra_and_Nick_Jonas_in_2020.jpg|left|thumb|Priyanka iyo Nick, 2020]] Iyadoo aan ka soo jeedin qoys ku lug leh warshadaha filimada, waxay nafteeda ku tilmaantay inay tahay naag iskeed isu samaysay.<ref name="self">{{Cite news|last=Bandyopadhyay, Bohni|date=11 April 2010|title=I am a self-made woman: Priyanka Chopra|work=The Tribune|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100411/spectrum/main10.htm|access-date=31 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121110907/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100411/spectrum/main10.htm|archive-date=21 November 2013}}</ref> Chopra waxay bilowday shukaansiga heesaaga iyo jilaaga Maraykanka ah, [[Nick Jonas]] bishii Maajo 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 August 2018|title=Priyanka Chopra, Nick Jonas engaged, see pics from their roka|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/live-updates-priyanka-chopra-nick-jonas-engagement-ceremony-begins/story-WEEDdh6qefnfvTFT7DaQmL.html|access-date=18 August 2018}}</ref> Bishii Disembar 2018, waxay isku guursadeen xaflado dhaqameed Hindu iyo Christian ah.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mizoguchi|first=Karen|date=1 December 2018|title=Nick Jonas and Priyanka Chopra Are Married!|url=https://people.com/tv/nick-jonas-priyanka-chopra-married/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201152744/https://people.com/tv/nick-jonas-priyanka-chopra-married/|archive-date=1 December 2018|access-date=1 December 2018|website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Melas|first=Chloe|date=3 December 2018|title=Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas are married|work=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/01/entertainment/priyanka-chopra-nick-jonas-married/index.html|access-date=3 December 2018}}</ref> Bishii Janaayo 2022, lammaanuhu waxay dhaleen ilmahoodii ugu horreeyay.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 January 2022|title=Priyanka Chopra, Nick Jonas welcome baby via surrogacy|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/priyanka-chopra-nick-jonas-welcome-baby-via-surrogacy/article38305869.ece|access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> == Tixraac == [[Category:Atariishayasha filimada Hindiga]] [[Category:Dhalashada 1982]] [[Category:Atariishayasha shineemada Hindiga]] [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Guulaystayaashii Abaalmarinta Filmfare]] [[Category:Moodelyasha dhedig Hindida]] [[Category:Atariishayasha Hindiya ee qarnigi 21-aad]] t4cvomtalzlenxn5xtgxit2gm1uv2id 0 36314 298814 297639 2026-06-19T03:02:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Falastiin''' ,si rasmi ah '''Dawladda Falastiin''' , waa waddan ku yaal Galbeedka [[Aasiya]] . Waxa aqoonsaday 147 ka mid ah 193-ka waddan ee [[Qaramada Midoobay]] ka kooban yahay , waxa ay ka kooban tahay Daanta Galbeed ee ay [[Israaiil]] haysato , oo ay ku jiraan Bariga Quddus iyo Marinka Qaza , oo loo wada yaqaanno dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee la haysto. Dhulalku waxay wadaagaan inta badan xudduudaha ay la leeyihiin Israa'iil , iyadoo Daanta Galbeed ay xuduud la leedahay Urdun oo bari ah iyo Marinka Qasa oo xuduud la leh Masar oo ka xigta koonfur-galbeed. Waxay leedahay bedka dhul dhan 6,020 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (2,320 sq mi) halka dadkeedu ay ka badan yihiin shan milyan. Caasimadeeda lagu dhawaaqay waa Jerusalem , halka Ramallah ay u adeegto sidii xarunteeda dhabta ah ee maamulka. Gaza waxay ahayd magaaladeedii ugu weyneyd ka hor daad-gureynta 2023 . {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Dawladda Falastiin | common_name = Falastiin | native_name = دولة فلسطين [[Carabi]] | image_flag = Flag of Palestine.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Palestine.svg | symbol_width = 70px | national_anthem = "{{lang|ar|{{big|فدائي}}}}"<br />{{lower|0.1em|"[[Fida'i]]"<ref>{{cite web|title=Palestine |access-date=8 June 2014 |website=nationalanthems.info |url=http://www.nationalanthems.info/ps.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331034257/http://www.nationalanthems.info/ps.htm |archive-date=31 March 2014 |format=includes audio |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<br />"Fedayeen Warrior" [[File:Anthem of Palestine.ogg]] | image_map = State of Palestine (orthographic projection).svg | map_width = 220px | map_caption = [[w:Dhulka Falastiin|Dhul ay sheegatay Falastiin]] (Cagaar).<br />Dhul ay sheegtay Israa'iil (cagaar khafiif ah). | capital = {{unbulleted list |item1_style=margin-bottom:2px;|[[Jerusalem]] ([[w:Status of Jerusalem|limited recognition]]){{efn|The Palestinian Declaration of Independence ku dhawaaqo the "establishment of the State of Palestine on our Palestinian territory with its capital Jerusalem (Al-Quds Ash-Sharif)." Israel exercises ''de facto'' control over Jerusalem, but [[w:Status of Jerusalem|neither state’s claims to Jerusalem are widely recognized by the international community]]. [[Ramallah]] is the administrative capital where government institutions and [[List of diplomatic missions to Palestine|foreign representative offices]] are located, while most countries maintain their [[List of diplomatic missions in Israel|embassies to Israel]] in [[Tel Aviv]]. In [[Oslo I Accord]], few parts of Jerusalem went under control of the Palestinian government, but did not solved overall [[status of Jerusalem]].}} |[[Ramallah]] }} | status = [[w:United Nations General Assembly observers|UN observer state]] under [[w:Israeli occupation of Palestine|Israeli occupation]]<br />[[w:International recognition of the State of Palestine|Recognized by 145 UN member states]] | religion_year = 2023 | capital_type = {{unbulleted list |item1_style=margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:2px;|Caasimada lagu dhawaaqay |Xarunta<br />Maamulka }} | largest_city = [[Rafax]]{{efn|Before 2023, [[Gaza City]] was the largest city in the State of Palestine. Following attacks by Israel, a large amount of refugees from Gaza City and elsewhere in [[Gaza Strip|the Strip]] evacuated into the border city of Rafah, effectively making it the most populous city.}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/140699#:~:text=ActionAid%3A%20Conditions%20in%20Rafah%20at,over%20one%20million%20displaced%20people | title= ActionAid: Conditions in Rafah at breaking point, with over one million displaced people |work=wafa agency}}</ref> | official_languages = [[Carabi|Carabi]] | religion = {{ublist | 98% [[Islam]] ([[State religion|official]]) | 2% other }} | demonym = [[Falastiiniyiinta|Falastiin]] | government_type = Jamhuuriyad [[madax-weyne midaysan]]<ref name=declaration1988>{{cite web|title=Declaration of Independence (1988) (UN Doc) |date=18 November 1988 |access-date=8 June 2014 |website=State of Palestine Permanent Observer Mission to the United Nations |url=http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12353 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608203237/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12353 |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead |publisher=United Nations }}</ref><!-- Articles in Wikipedia may not be used as citations; I have cited the published document --> | leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Dawladda Falastiin|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Maxamuud Cabaas]]{{{efn|name=PLOchair|Both presidents of the State of Palestine, [[Yasser Arafat]] and his successor [[Mahmoud Abbas]], were chosen beforehand as [[Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization]], the [[Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization|committee]] performing the roles of State of Palestine government.<ref name="A67L28">{{UN document |docid=A/67/L.28 |body=A |type=A |session=67 |document_number=37 |title=Question of Palestine |date=26 November 2012 |accessdate=11 June 2014}} and {{UN document |docid=A/RES/67/19 |body=A |type=R |session=67 |resolution_number=67/19 |title=Status of Palestine in the United Nations |date=29 November 2012 |accessdate=11 June 2014}}</ref><ref name="GiE">{{Cite book |last1=Sayigh |first1=Yezid |title=Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-829643-0 |edition=illustrated |page=624 |quote=The Palestinian National Council also empowered the central council to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and the [[Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization|executive committee]] to perform the functions of government until such time as a government-in-exile was established.}}</ref> See also [[Leaders of Palestinian institutions]].}} | leader_title2 = [[Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Dowladda Falastiin|Ra'iisul Wasaare]] | leader_name2 = [[w:Mohammad Mustafa (economist)|Mohammad Mustafa]] | leader_title3 = [[w:Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council|Gudoomiyaha Baarlamaanka]] | leader_name3 = [[w:Aziz Dweik|Aziz Dweik]] | legislature = [[w:Golaha Qaranka Falastiin|Golaha Qaranka]] | sovereignty_type = [[#History|Saameynta]] | established_event1 = [[w:Ku dhawaaqida Madaxbanaanida Falastiin|Ku dhawaaqida Madaxbanaanida]] | established_date1 = 15 November 1988 | established_event2 = [[w:United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19|UNGA observer state resolution]] | established_date2 = 29 November 2012 | established_event3 = Qaranimada oo lagu muransan yahay[[Israa'iil]] | established_date3 = [[w:Israeli–Colaadda Falastiin|Soconaya]]{{efn|Israel lets the [[Palestinian National Authority]] have some power in the Palestinian territories. This depends on the [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord|area classification]]. The Palestinian National Authority has some power (control of borders: [[National airspace|air]],<ref name=GazaSeaAir>[http://www.btselem.org/english/Gaza_Strip/Control_on_Air_space_and_territorial_waters.asp Israel's control of the airspace and the territorial waters of the Gaza Strip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605005942/http://www.btselem.org/english/Gaza_Strip/Control_on_Air_space_and_territorial_waters.asp |date=5 June 2011 }}.</ref> sea beyond [[internal waters]],<ref name=GazaSeaAir /><ref>[http://dissidentvoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Gaza-map-08s-fishing-limits-20090119.jpg Map of Gaza fishing limits, "security zones"] {{Wayback|url=http://dissidentvoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Gaza-map-08s-fishing-limits-20090119.jpg |date=20110726000805 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726000805/http://dissidentvoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Gaza-map-08s-fishing-limits-20090119.jpg |date=26 July 2011 }}.</ref> [[European Union Border Assistance Mission Rafah|land]]<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Israels+Disengagement+Plan-+Renewing+the+Peace+Process+Apr+2005.htm Israel's Disengagement Plan: Renewing the Peace Process] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302014936/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Israels%20Disengagement%20Plan-%20Renewing%20the%20Peace%20Process%20Apr%202005.htm |date=2 March 2007 }}: "Israel will guard the perimeter of the Gaza Strip, continue to control Gaza air space, and continue to patrol the sea off the Gaza coast. ... Israel will continue to maintain its essential military presence to prevent arms smuggling along the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt ([[Philadelphi Route]]), until the security situation and cooperation with Egypt permit an alternative security arrangement."</ref>) in the Gaza Strip (its land and Egypt part of the land border are under [[Governance of the Gaza Strip|Hamas control]])<ref name=HumanRightsWatch>{{cite web |title=Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=29 October 2004 |url=https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101210931/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/10/29/isrlpa9577.htm |archive-date=1 November 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Dore Gold|Gold, Dore]] |title=Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza Is Still 'Occupied' Even After Israel Withdraws |journal=Jerusalem Issue Brief |volume=5 |issue=3 |publisher=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |date=26 August 2005 |url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |archive-date=21 June 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Avi Bell|Bell, Abraham]] |title=International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense |journal=Jerusalem Issue Brief |volume=7 |issue=29 |publisher=[[Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs]] |date=28 January 2008 |url=http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm |archive-date=21 June 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Transcript |title=Address by FM Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |date=22 January 2008 |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026025009/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches%2Bby%2BIsraeli%2Bleaders/2008/Address%2Bby%2BFM%2BLivni%2Bto%2Bthe%2B8th%2BHerzliya%2BConference%2B22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print |archive-date=26 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Salih, Zak M. |title=Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status |publisher=[[University of Virginia School of Law]] |date=17 November 2005 |url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |access-date=26 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> See also ''[[Israeli-occupied territories]]''.|name=control}} <ref>{{cite web|first1=Maayana |last1=Miskin |title=PA Weighs 'State of Palestine' Passport |date=5 December 2012 |access-date=8 June 2014 |website=israelnationalnews.com |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162844#.U5TD6vmICm6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207082503/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/162844 |archive-date=7 December 2012 |url-status=live |publisher=Arutz Sheva |quote=A senior PA official revealed the plans in an interview with ''Al-Quds'' newspaper. The change to 'state' status is important because it shows that 'the state of Palestine is occupied,' he said. }}</ref><ref name="Limitations">{{cite news|title=State of Palestine name change shows limitations|url=https://news.yahoo.com/state-palestine-name-change-shows-limitations-200641448.html|agency=AP|date=17 January 2013|quote=Israel remains in charge of territories the world says should one day make up that state.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110025703/http://news.yahoo.com/state-palestine-name-change-shows-limitations-200641448.html |archive-date=10 January 2013 }}</ref> | area_km2 = 6,020<ref name="UN Stats-2012">{{cite book |chapter-url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf |chapter=Table 3, Population by sex, annual rate of population increase, surface area and density |title=Demographic Yearbook |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm |date=2012 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |access-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015114145/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012.htm |archive-date=15 October 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- Area should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_rank = 163rd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_footnote = | area_sq_mi = 2,320 <!-- Area should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | percent_water = 3.5<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/ |title=The World Factbook: Middle East: West Bank |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=7 April 2014 |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722231029/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_label2 = [[West Bank]] | area_data2 = 5,655 km{{smallsup|2}} | area_label3 = [[Gaza Strip]] | area_data3 = 365 km{{smallsup|2}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip/ |title=The World Factbook: Middle East: Gaza Strip |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=12 May 2014 |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-date=12 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112082940/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_estimate = 5,483,450<ref name="census">{{cite web| url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/statisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx?lang=en&table_id=676| title=Estimated Population in the Palestine Mid-Year by Governorate,1997-2026| publisher=Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics| access-date=7 December 2022| archive-date=7 December 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207112233/https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/statisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx?lang=en&table_id=676| url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 121aad | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = 731 | population_density_sq_mi = 1,895 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $36.391 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.PS">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=487,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Palestine) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=16 October 2023 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023133432/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=487,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 138aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $6,642<ref name="IMFWEO.PS" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 131aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $18.109 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.PS" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2021 | GDP_nominal_rank = 121aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $3,464<ref name="IMFWEO.PS" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 140aad | Gini_year = 2016 | Gini_change = decrease<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 33.7 <!--number only--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=gini-index>{{cite web|title=GINI index coefficient: West Bank & Gaza|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison|publisher=CIA Factbook|access-date=12 August 2021|archive-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630032239/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI = [[File:Decrease2.svg|12px|border]]0.674<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 106aad | currency = {{unbulleted list |Pound Masar ([[ISO 4217|EGP]]) |[[Israeli new shekel]] (ILS) |[[Jordanian dinar]] (JOD) |(''[[xaqiiqo]]'')<ref>According to [https://web.archive.org/web/20161001065601/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%2BProcess/Guide%2Bto%2Bthe%2BPeace%2BProcess/Gaza-Jericho%2BAgreement%2BAnnex%2BIV%2B-%2BEconomic%2BProtoco.htm Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol], the State of Palestine has no official currency. The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt multiple currencies. In the [[West Bank]], the Israeli new sheqel and Jordanian dinar are widely accepted, while in the [[Gaza Strip]] the Israeli new sheqel and Egyptian pound are widely accepted.</ref>}} | time_zone = Waqtiga caadiga ah ee Falastiin | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Waqtiga Xagaaga ee Falastiin]] | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy<!--numeric dates (dd-mm-yyyy, yyyy.mm.dd, etc.) plus era (CE, AD, AH, etc.)--> | drives_on = Sax | calling_code = +970 | iso3166code = | cctld = [[.ps]] | footnote_a = | footnote_b = | footnote_c }} Waxay ku taal meel isgoys ah oo qaaradda ah , gobolka Falastiin waxaa xukumayay boqortooyo kala duwan waxayna la kulmeen isbeddello bulsho oo kala duwan laga soo bilaabo waayihii hore ilaa casrigan. Waxa ay cagta saartay ciidamada Niilka iyo Mesobotaamiya iyo baayacmushtar ka yimid Waqooyiga Afrika, Shiinaha iyo Hindiya. Gobolku wuxuu leeyahay muhiimad diineed . Colaadda Israa’iil iyo Falastiin ee socota waxay soo bilaabatay soo ifbaxa dhaqdhaqaaqa Sahyuuniyadda , oo ay taageerto Boqortooyada Ingiriiska intii lagu jiray dagaalkii 1aad ee Adduunka . Dagaalku wuxuu arkay in Ingiriisku gumaysanayo Falastiin oo uu ka haysto Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta halkaas oo ay ka dhisteen Falastiin Qasab ah oo hoos imanaysa ururka League of Nations . Soo galootiga Yuhuuda oo kordhay ayaa sababay iska hor imaad dhex maray Yuhuuda iyo Carabta Falastiiniyiinta , kaas oo isu bedelay dagaal sokeeye 1947 ka dib markii ay Qaramada Midoobay soo jeedisay in la kala qaybiyo ay diideen Falastiiniyiinta iyo dalalka kale ee Carabta . Dagaalkii Falastiin ee 1948 wuxuu arkay barakicin xoog leh oo badan oo ka mid ah dadka Carabta, oo sidaas darteed la aasaasay Israa'iil; Dhacdooyinkan waxa ay falastiiniyiintu u yaqaaniin Nakba ('masiibo'). Dagaalkii lixda maalmood socday ee 1967, Israa'iil waxay qabsatay Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza , oo ay kala haysteen Jordan iyo Masar siday u kala horreeyaan. Ururka Xoraynta Falastiin (PLO) wuxuu ku dhawaaqay madax-bannaani 1988. 1993, PLO waxay heshiis Oslo la saxiixday Israel, abuurista maamulka PLO ee Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza iyada oo loo marayo Maamulka Falastiin (PA). Israa'iil ayaa Gaza isaga baxday sannadkii 2005-tii oo ay ka go'day , balse dhulkaas ayaa weli loo arkaa in uu ku jiro qabsasho ciidan, waxaana go'doomiyay Israa'iil. Sannadkii 2007dii, kala qaybsanaan gudaha ah oo u dhaxaysa kooxaha siyaasadda ayaa horseeday in Xamaas ay la wareegto Gaza . Tan iyo markaas, Daanta Galbeed waxaa maamula qayb kamid ah ururka Fatax uu hoggaamiyo, halka Marinka Qaza uu weli ku sii jiro gacanta Xamaas . Israa'iil ayaa tan iyo 1967-dii ka dhisatay deegaamayn ballaaran oo ay ka dhisatay Daanta Galbeed iyo Bariga Quddus, kuwaas oo hadda ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 670,000 oo Israa'iil ah oo degganaa, kuwaas oo sharci darro ah marka loo eego sharciga caalamiga ah . Weeraradii ay qaadeen kooxaha hubaysan ee Xamaas ay hogaaminayso bishii Oktoobar 2023 ee Israa’iil waxaa ku xigay dagaalka Gaza , kaas oo sababay khasaare nafeed oo baaxad leh, barokac dadwayne , dhibaato bini’aadantinimo , iyo macaluul ka socota Marinka Gaza. Sida laga soo xigtay guddi gaar ah oo Qaramada Midoobay ah , Amnesty International iyo khubaro kale iyo hay'adaha xuquuqul insaanka, Israa'iil waxay geysatay xasuuq ka dhan ah dadka reer Falastiin intii ay socotay duullaanka iyo duqeymaha ay ku hayso marinka Qaza . Qaar ka mid ah caqabadaha haysta Falastiin waxaa ka mid ah dawlad aan waxtar lahayn, qabsashada Israa'iil, xannibaado, xannibaado dhaqdhaqaaqa , deegaamaynta Israa'iil iyo rabshadaha degayaasha , iyo sidoo kale xaalad ammaan guud oo liidata. Su'aalaha xuduudaha Falastiin , sharciga iyo xaaladda diblomaasiyadeed ee Jerusalem, iyo xuquuqda soo celinta qaxootiga Falastiin ayaa weli aan la xalin. Iyadoo ay jiraan caqabadahaas, waddanku waxa uu sii wadaa dhaqaale soo koraya oo wuxuu arkaa dalxiis joogto ah . Carabiga waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee dalka. Iyadoo inta badan Falastiiniyiintu ay ku dhaqmaan diinta Islaamka , Masiixiyadda sidoo kale waxay leedahay joogitaan . Falastiin ayaa sidoo kale xubin ka ah dhowr urur oo caalami ah oo ay ku jiraan Jaamacadda Carabta iyo Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka , UNESCO iyo wafdi xildhibaanno ah oo fadhiya Golaha Baarlamaanka ee Golaha Yurub. ==Asalka erayga== Erayga "Falastiin" (Laatiin, Palæstina ) wuxuu ka yimid Giriiggii hore oo ka yimid magac-sare oo Semitic ah oo loogu talagalay guud ahaan aagga guud ee soo noqnoqda dabayaaqadii qarnigii labaad ee BCE, falcelintaas oo sidoo kale laga helayo qowmiyadda Baybalka ee Falastiin . Erayga "Falastiin" waxa loo adeegsaday in lagu tilmaamo aagga koonfur-bari ee badda Mediterranean-ka ee ka xigta Suuriya .Qarnigii 5-aad ee BCE, shaqadiisa Taariikhda , Herodotus wuxuu adeegsaday ereyga si uu u qeexo "degmada Suuriya, oo loo yaqaan Palaistine" kaas oo Fenishiyan ay la falgaleen dadyowga kale ee badda. ===Eray bixinta=== Maqaalkani waxa uu adeegsanayaa ereyada "Falastiin", "Dawladda Falastiin", "Dhulka Falastiin ee la haysto (oPt ama OPT)" si is beddel ah iyadoo ku xidhan macnaha guud. Gaar ahaan, ereyga "dhulka Falastiin ee la haysto" waxaa loola jeedaa guud ahaan aagga juqraafi ee dhulka falastiiniyiinta ee ay qabsato Israa'iil tan iyo 1967. Falastiin waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha, waxaa loo tixraaci karaa waddan ama dawlad, maamulkeedana guud ahaan waxaa loo aqoonsan karaa inay tahay Dawladda Falastiin ==Taariikhda== ===Laga soo bilaabo taariikhdii hore ilaa waagii Cusmaaniyiinta=== Gobolka Falastiin waa qayb ka mid ah gobolka ballaadhan ee Levant , kaas oo u taagan buundada dhulka ee u dhaxaysa Afrika iyo Eurasia . Meelaha Levant dhaqan ahaan waxay u adeegaan sidii "isgoysyada Galbeedka Aasiya , Bariga Mediterranean-ka , iyo Waqooyi Bari Afrika ", iyo ereyada tectonic waxay ku yaalaan "waqooyi-galbeed ee saxanka Carabta ".  Falastiin lafteedu waxay ka mid ahayd gobollada ugu horreeya si ay u arkaan deegaanka aadanaha, bulshooyinka beeraha iyo ilbaxnimada . Meesha ay ku taallo awgeed, waxaa taariikh ahaan loo arkayay inay tahay jid-goynta diinta, dhaqanka, ganacsiga iyo siyaasadda. Qarnigii Bronze-ka , reer Kancaanku waxay dhisteen dawlado-magaalo oo ay saamaysay ilbaxnimooyinka ku xeeran, oo ay ka mid yihiin Masar, oo xukumaysay aagga qarniyadii naxaasta. Intii lagu jiray xilligii birta , laba boqortooyo oo Israa'iil ah oo xidhiidh la lahaa , Israa'iil iyo Yahuudda , ayaa gacanta ku hayay inta badan Falastiin, halka Falastiiniyiintuna ay qabsadeen xeebta koonfureed. Reer Ashuur waxay qabsadeen gobolka qarnigii 8aad ee BC, ka dibna Baabiyloon c.  601 BCE , waxaa ku xigay Boqortooyadii Achaemenid ee Faaris oo qabsatay Boqortooyadii Baabiyloon 539 BCE. Alexander the Great wuxuu qabsaday boqortooyadii Faaris dabayaaqadii 330-meeyadii BC, isagoo bilaabay Hellenization . Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 2aad ee BCE Kacdoonkii Maccabean , Boqortooyada Hasmonean ee Yuhuuddu waxay qabsatay Falastiin inteeda badan; Boqortooyadu ka dib waxay noqotay vassal Rome , kaas oo ku daray 63 BCE. Yahuudiya Roomaanka waxaa dhibay kacdoonadii Yuhuuda 66 CE, sidaas darteed Rome waxay burburisay Yeruusaalem iyo Macbadka Labaad ee Yuhuudda 70 CE. Qarnigii 4aad, markii Boqortooyada Roomaanka ay qaadatay diinta Masiixiga , Falastiin waxay noqotay xarun diinta, soo jiidata xujaajta, suufiyada iyo culimada. Ka dib qabsashadii Muslimiinta ee Levant 636-641, boqortooyadii xukumayay ayaa midba midka kale ka dambeeyay: Rashiduns ; Umayyad , Cabbaasiyiinta ; Tuluniyiinta iyo Ikhshidiid kuwa madaxa banaan ; Faadimiyiinta ; iyo Seljuks . Sanadkii 1099, Saliibiyadii Koowaad waxay keentay in Saliibiyiintu ay dhistaan ​​Boqortooyada Jerusalem , taas oo ay dib u qabsadeen Ayyubid Sultanate 1187. Ka dib duulaankii Boqortooyada Mongol ee dabayaaqadii 1250-meeyadii, Mamluks Masar waxay dib ula midoobeen Falastiin iyada oo ay maamusho , ka hor inta aan gobolka la qabsan Boqortooyadii 1aad ee Suuriya. Qarnigii 20aad inta badan muran la'aan ===Kor u kaca qarannimada Falastiin=== In kasta oo dadka Falastiiniyiinta ah, gaar ahaan qoysaska caanka ah ee magaalooyinka ka shaqeeya gudaha xafiiska Ottoman, guud ahaan waxay sii hayaan daacadnimadooda Ottomans, waxay sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka ciyaareen kor u kaca wadaninimada Carabta , iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa Pan-Arabic kuwaas oo ka jawaabay labadaba soo ifbaxa dhaqdhaqaaqa dhalinyarada Turkiga iyo daciifinta dambe ee dagaalka ee Sion ee awoodda 7 . kuwaas oo doonayey in ay ka dhisaan dhulka Yuhuuda ee Falastiin, sidoo kale waxay saameyn xooggan ku yeesheen miyir-qabka qaranka Falastiin. Cabdul Xamiid , oo ahaa suldaankii ugu dambeeyay ee Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta, ayaa ka horyimid dadaallada dhaqdhaqaaqa Sahyuuniyadda ee Falastiin. Dhammaadkii taliskii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta ee Falastiin waxay ku soo beegantay markii uu dhammaaday dagaalkii 1aad ee Adduunka . Fashilka Amiir Faysal ee ku guul daraystay in la dhiso Suuriya-weyn iyada oo la eegayo sheegashada gumaystaha Faransiiska iyo Ingiriiska ee aaggaas, waxa kale oo ay qaabaysay dedaallada madaxda falastiiniyiinta si ay u helaan madaxbannaani maxalli ah. Ka dib dagaalkii, Falastiin waxay soo gashay gacanta Ingiriiska iyada oo la fulinayo Waajibaadka Ingiriiska ee Falastiin 1920. ===Waajibaadka Ingiriiska=== [[File:Deir Yassin 1930s.jpg|thumb|Xasuuqa Deyr Yaasiin ee tuulooyinka Falastiin waxaa fuliyay malayshiyaadka Sahyuuniyadda, Irgun iyo Lehi intii lagu jiray dagaalkii Falastiin 1948-kii .]] Jabkii Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta ee dagaalkii 1aad ee Adduunka waxa ay keentay in xukunkoodii la burburiyo. Sannadkii 1920-kii, Ururka Qarammada Midoobay waxa ay siisay Britain awoodda ay ku maamusho Falastiin, taas oo horseedaysa xilliga xiga ee maamulka Ingiriiska. Sannadkii 1917kii, Quddus waxa qabsaday ciidammo Ingiriis ah oo uu hoggaaminayey General Allenby , taasoo calaamad u ahayd dhammaadka xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta ee magaalada. Sannadkii 1920-kii, xiisado ayaa ka dhex qarxay beelaha Yuhuudda iyo Carabta, taasoo keentay isku dhacyo rabshado wata iyo rabshado ka dhacay guud ahaan Falastiin. Jamciyadda Quruumuhu waxay ansixiyeen Mandate-ka Ingiriiska ee Falastiin 1922-kii, iyaga oo u wakiishay Ingiriiska maamulka gobolka. Intii lagu jiray 1920-meeyadii, Falastiin waxay la kulantay iska caabin sii kordheysa oo ka timid labada dhaqdhaqaaq ee wadaninimada Yuhuudda iyo Carabta, kuwaas oo ka muuqday rabshado goos goos ah iyo mudaaharaadyo ka dhan ah siyaasadaha Ingiriiska. Sannadkii 1929-kii, rabshado rabshado wata ayaa ka qarxay Falastiin sababo la xidhiidha murannada socdaalka Yuhuudda iyo gelitaanka gidaarka Galbeed ee Qudus. 1930-meeyadii ayaa goob joog u ahaa kacdoonkii Carabta , iyadoo wadaniyiinta Carabta ay dalbadeen in la joojiyo socdaalka Yahuudda iyo in la dhiso dowlad Carab ah oo madax banaan. Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya kacdoonka Carabta, Ingiriisku waxa uu geeyay ciidamo millatari waxana uu fuliyay tallaabooyin adag oo amniga ah si uu u damiyo kacdoonka. Kooxaha wadaniiyiinta Carabta, oo uu hogaaminayo guddiga sare ee Carabta ,ayaa ku baaqay in la joojiyo socdaalka Yuhuuda iyo iibinta dhulka ee Yuhuuda. Soo saarista 1939-kii warqad cad oo ay soo saartay dawladda Ingiriisku waxay ujeedadeedu ahayd in ay wax ka qabato xiisadaha sii kordhaya ee Carabta iyo Yuhuudda ee Falastiin. Dukumeenti siyaasadeedkan ayaa xayiraad ku soo rogay socdaalka Yuhuudda iyo iibsashada dhulka, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la xaddido samaynta dawlad Yuhuudi ah. Waxay la kulantay mucaaradad xooggan oo ka timid dhaqdhaqaaqa Sionist, Warqadda cad waxaa loo arkay inay tahay khiyaano ku dhawaaqida Balfour iyo rabitaanka Sionist ee dhulkii Yuhuudda Iyaga oo ka jawaabaya warqadda cad, bulshada Sahyuuniyadda ee Falastiin waxay soo abaabushay shaqo joojin 1939-kii, oo ay kaga soo horjeedeen xannibaadaha socdaalka Yuhuudda iyo la wareegidda dhulka. Shaqo joojintan ka dhanka ah warqada cad waxay ku lug lahayd mudaaharaadyo, caasinimo shacab, iyo xidhidh ganacsiyo. Waxaa taageeraya ururada kala duwan ee Sahyuuniyadda, oo ay ku jiraan Hay'adda Yuhuudda iyo Histadrut (Xiriirka Guud ee Shaqada Yuhuudda), shaqo-joojinta warqadda cad ee ka-hortagga ah waxay ujeeddadeedu tahay in ay ka mudaaharaadaan oo ay ka hortagaan xaddidaadaha ay soo rogtay dawladda Ingiriiska. Dabayaaqadii 1930-meeyadii iyo 1940-meeyadii, kooxo badan oo Sahyuuniyadda Sahyuuniyadda ah, oo ay ku jiraan Irgun , Hagana , iyo Lehi , waxa ay fuliyeen falal rabshado ah oo ka dhan ah millatariga Ingiriiska iyo bartilmaameedyadii rayidka ahaa ee ay ku baadigoobayeen dowlad madax bannaan oo Yahuudda ah. Iyadoo Muftiga weyn ee Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini , uu la kaashaday Nazi Germany xilligii dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, dhammaan muslimiintu ma taageereen ficilladiisa, waxaana jiray dhacdooyin ay Muslimiintu gacan ka geysteen badbaadinta Yuhuudda xilligii Holocaust. Sannadkii 1946-kii, duqeyn ay soo agaasimeen Irgun oo ka dhacay hotelka King David ee magaalada Jerusalem ayaa sababay dhimashada 91 qof oo ay ku jiraan saraakiil British ah, dad rayid ah iyo shaqaalihii hoteelka. Menachem Begin iyo Yitzhak Shamir , oo markii dambe noqday hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadda ee dawladda Israa'iil, ayaa ka dambeeyay weerarradan argaggixiso. Dhacdadii Baxniintii 1947-kii waxay soo shaacbaxday markii markab siday dad ka badbaaday Holocaust oo Yuhuudi ah, kuwaas oo magangelyo u soo doontay Falastiin, ay ciidammada badda ee Britain soo dhex-galeen, taasoo keentay isku dhacyo, ugu dambayntiina dib loogu masaafurinayo qaxootigii Yurub. Intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka , Falastiin waxay u adeegtay goob istiraatijiyad ahaan muhiim u ah hawlgalada militari ee Ingiriiska ee ka dhanka ah ciidamada Axis ee Waqooyiga Afrika . 1947, Qaramada Midoobay waxay soo jeedisay qorshe qaybsan oo Falastiin ah, soo jeedinta Yuhuudda iyo Carabta kala duwan, laakiin waxaa diiday dalalka Carabta halka ay aqbaleen hoggaamiyeyaasha Yuhuudda ===Dagaalkii Carabta iyo Israa'iil=== 1947kii, UN-tu waxay ansixisay qorshe qaybsi oo ah in xal laba dawladood ah laga gaadho dhulka ka haray ee loo igmaday. Qorshahaas waxaa aqbalay Hoggaanka Yahuudda balse waxaa ku gacan seyray madaxda Carabta, Ingiriiskana wuu diiday inuu fuliyo qorshahaas. Habeenimadii ugu dambaysay ee bixitaanka Ingiriisku, Hay'adda Yuhuudda ee Israa'iil , oo uu madax ka yahay David Ben-Gurion , ayaa ku dhawaaqday aasaaska Dawladda Israa'iil sida uu qabo qorshaha Qaramada Midoobay. Guddiga Sare ee Carabtu kuma dhawaaqin dawlad ay iyagu leeyihiin, taas beddelkeedna, oo ay weheliyaan Transjordan , Masar, iyo xubnihii kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee wakhtigaas, waxay bilaabeen tallaabo millatari oo ka dhalatay dagaalkii Carabta iyo Israa’iil ee 1948-kii . Intii uu dagaalka socday, Israa'iil waxay heshay dhulal dheeri ah oo loo qoondeeyay inay ka mid noqdaan dawladda Carabta ee qorshaha Qaramada Midoobay. Masar waxa ay qabsatay marinka Qaza , Transjordan waxa ay qabsatay ka dibna ku darsatay daanta galbeed . Masar markii hore waxay taageertay abuuritaanka dawlad dhan Falastiin laakiin waxay kala dirtay 1959. Transjordan waligeed ma aqoonsanin taas beddelkeeda waxay go'aansatay inay ku darto Daanta Galbeed dhulkeeda si ay u sameyso Jordan . Ku-darka waxa la ansixiyay 1950-kii balse waxaa diiday beesha caalamka. Sannadkii 1964-kii, markii Daanta Galbeed ay gacanta ku haysay Urdun, waxaa halkaas laga aasaasay Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin, ujeeddaduna tahay in ay iska horkeento Israa’iil. Axdiga Qaranka Falastiin ee PLO wuxuu qeexayaa xuduudaha Falastiin inay yihiin dhammaan dhulka haray ee loo igmaday, oo ay ku jirto Israel. Dagaalkii lixda maalmood socday ee 1967, markii Israa'iil ay la dagaalantay Masar, Urdun iyo Suuriya, waxay ku dhammaatay Israa'iil oo qabsatay Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Qaza, marka laga reebo dhulal kale. Ka dib Dagaalkii Lixda Maalmood, PLO waxay u guurtay Urdun, laakiin waxay u guurtay Lubnaan 1971. Bishii Oktoobar 1974-kii shirkii Jaamacadda Carabta ayaa PLO u aqoonsaday inay tahay "matelada kaliya ee sharciga ah ee dadka Falastiiniyiinta" waxayna dib u xaqiijiyeen "xuquuqda ay u leeyihiin inay dhistaan ​​dowlad madax-bannaan oo degdeg ah". Bishii Noofambar 1974, PLO waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay ku habboon tahay dhammaan arrimaha khuseeya su'aasha Falastiin Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay iyaga oo siinaya xaalad goobjooge ah "mid aan dawli ahayn" ee Qaramada Midoobay. Iyadoo loo marayo Heshiisyada Camp David ee 1979, Masar waxay calaamadisay soo afjarida sheegasho kasta oo ay ku leedahay Marinka Gaza. Bishii Luulyo 1988-kii, Urdun waxa ay sheegashadiisa ku wareejisay Daanta Galbeed -marka laga reebo ilaalinta Xaram al-Shariif - PLO. Kadib markii ay Israa’iil qabsatay oo qabsatay Daanta Galbeed ee Urdun iyo Marinka Qaza ee Masar, waxa ay bilowday in ay deegaamayn ka samaysato Israa’iil . Maamulka dadka Carabta ah ee dhulalkan waxaa fulinayey Maamulka Madaniga ah ee Israa'iil ee Isku-duwaha Hawlaha Dawladda ee Territories iyo golayaasha degaanka ee degaanka ee joogay tan iyo ka hor intaanay la wareegin Israel. Sannadkii 1980-kii, Israa'iil waxay go'aansatey in ay hakiso doorashooyinka golayaashan iyo in ay dhisto ururro Tuulo , kuwaas oo saraakiishooda ay ku hoos jireen saamaynta Israa'iil. Ka dib qaabkani wuxuu noqday mid aan waxtar u lahayn Israa'iil iyo Falastiin labadaba, iyo Tuulooyinka Leegada waxay bilaabeen inay burburaan, oo ay ugu dambaysay Hebron League, oo la kala diray Febraayo 1988 ===Kacdoon, ku dhawaaqid iyo heshiis nabadeed=== Intifada koowaad waxay soo baxday 1987, oo lagu garto mudaaharaadyo baahsan, shaqo joojin iyo falal gadood shacab oo falastiiniyiin ah oo ku sugan Marinka Gaza iyo Daanta Galbeed ee ka dhanka ah qabsashada Israel. Bishii Nofeembar 1988, sharci-dejinta PLO, inta lagu jiro dibad-baxa, ayaa ku dhawaaqay aasaaska "Dowladda Falastiin" . Bishii ku xigtay, waxaa si degdeg ah u aqoonsaday dawlado badan, oo ay ku jiraan Masar iyo Urdun. Baaqa Falastiin ee Madax-bannaanida, Dawladda Falastiin waxaa lagu tilmaamay in lagu dhisay "dhulka Falastiin", iyada oo aan si cad loo sheegin. Kadib ku dhawaaqistii madax banaanida 1988, Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu si rasmi ah u aqoonsaday ku dhawaaqista wuxuuna go'aansaday inuu isticmaalo magaca "Falastiin" halkii "Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin" ee Qaramada Midoobay. In kasta oo go'aankan, PLO kamay qaybgelin UN awooddeeda dawladda Falastiin. Isku dhacyada rabshadaha wata ee u dhexeeya dibad-baxayaasha Falastiiniyiinta iyo ciidamada Israel ayaa sii xoogaystay 1989kii, taas oo keentay khasaare nafeed oo la taaban karo iyo xiisadda sii kordheysa ee dhulalka la haysto. 1990 ayaa goob joog ka ahaa soo rogida tillaabooyin adag oo ay ku soo rogtay dawladda Israa’iil, oo ay ku jiraan bandow iyo xidhidh, isku day lagu cabudhinayo Intifada iyo in lagu ilaaliyo xukunka dhulalka la haysto [[File:Intifada in Gaza Strip (FL45956496).jpg|thumb|Intifada ugu horeysay ee Gaza, 1987]] Dagaalkii Gacanka 1990-1991 wuxuu keenay dareenka dheeraadka ah ee khilaafka, taasoo keentay dadaallo dublamaasiyadeed oo la xoojiyay si loo helo xal nabadeed. Saddam Hussein waxa uu ahaa taageere qadiyada falastiiniyiinta waxana uu taageero ka helay Carafaat xiligii dagaalka. Ka dib duulaankii Kuwait , Saddam ayaa ka yaabiyay beesha caalamka isagoo u soo bandhigay yabooh nabadeed Israa'iil iyo ka soo bixitaanka ciidamada Ciraaq ee Kuwait, taas oo beddelkeeda ka bixista Daanta Galbeed, Marinka Gaza, Bariga Jerusalem iyo Golan Heights. In kasta oo yabooha nabadeed la diiday, haddana Saddam wuxuu amray in gantaallo lagu rido dhulka Israa'iil. Dhaqdhaqaaqan waxaa taageeray Falastiiniyiinta. sidoo kale dagaalku wuxuu horseeday in Falastiiniyiinta laga saaro Kuwait iyo Sacuudi Carabiya , maadaama ay dawladoodu taageertay Ciraaq . Sannadkii 1993-kii, heshiiskii Oslo waxa ay wada saxeexdeen Israa’iil iyo Ururka Xoraynta Falastiin (PLO), kaas oo horseeday in la aasaaso maamulka Falastiiniyiinta (PA) iyo jid nabadeed oo suurtagal ah. Yaasir Carafaat waxaa loo doortay madaxweynaha maamulka cusub ee Falastiin ee la sameeyay 1994, taasoo calaamad u ah tallaabo muhiim ah oo loo qaaday ismaamul. [[File:Arafat saluda 3.jpg|thumb|Yaasir Carafaat]] Israa'iil waxay qiratay kooxda wada xaajoodka ee PLO inay "matalayso dadka Falastiiniyiinta", taas beddelkeeda PLO waxay aqoonsanaysaa xaqa ay Israa'iil u leedahay inay nabad ku jirto, oggolaanshaha qaraarrada Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay ee 242 iyo 338 , iyo diidmada "rabshad iyo argagixisanimo". Natiijo ahaan, 1994-kii PLO waxay dhistay Maamulka Qaranka Falastiiniyiinta (PNA ama PA) maamulka dhuleed, kaas oo ku shaqeeya qaar ka mid ah hawlaha dawladda qaybo ka mid ah Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza. Sida ku cad heshiiskii Oslo, Israa'iil waxay ogolaatay PLO inay dhisto hay'ado maamul oo ku meel gaar ah dhulka Falastiiniyiinta, kuwaas oo ku yimid qaabka PNA. Waxaa la siiyay maamulka rayidka ee Aagga B iyo ilaalinta rayidka iyo amniga ee Aagga A, waxayna ku sii jirtay iyada oo aan lug ku lahayn aagga C. [[File:Clashes following the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, 1994 Dan Hadani Archive V.jpg|thumb|Kacdoono shacab oo ka dhacay Qudus oo ka dhashay xasuuqii 1994kii]] Geedi-socodka nabadda waxa uu kasbaday diidmo ka timid labada Falastiin iyo Israa’iil. Ururada islaamiga ah sida Xamaas iyo Islamic Jihad ayaa ka soo horjeestay weerarka waxayna ka jawaabeen weeraro ka dhan ah dadka rayidka ah ee ku nool Israa’iil. Sannadkii 1994-kii, Baruch Goldstein , oo Israa’iili ah oo xag-jir ah, ayaa 29 qof ku dilay Hebron, oo loo yaqaanay Godka Wadaadka . Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay horseedeen kororka mucaaradka Falastiin ee geeddi-socodka nabadda. Nasiib darro, 1995, Ra'iisul Wasaarihii Israa'iil Yitzhak Rabin waxaa dilay Yigal Amir - oo ahaa xagjir, taas oo gobolka u horseeday xasillooni darro siyaasadeed. Doorashadii guud ee Falastiin ee ugu horeysay abid waxay dhacday 1996, taasoo keentay in Carafaat dib loogu doorto madaxweynaha iyo samaynta golaha sharci dejinta ee Falastiin . Bilawga hirgelinta heshiiskii Oslo, Israa'iil waxay bilowday inay dib u daabusho ciidamadeeda magaalooyinka Falastiiniyiinta ee la doortay ee Daanta Galbeed 1997 . Sannadkii 1997dii, dawladda Israa’iil oo uu hoggaaminayey Benjamin Netanyahu iyo dawladda Falastiin waxay saxeexeen hab-maamuuska Hebron , kaas oo qeexayey in ciidammada Israa’iil ay dib uga hawl-galaan qaybo ka mid ah Xebroon ee daanta galbeed, taas oo dawladda siisay in ay si weyn u maamusho magaalada.  Israa'iil iyo dawladda Falastiin waxay saxeexeen Memorandum-ka Wye River Memorandum 1998, iyaga oo ujeedadoodu tahay in la horumariyo fulinta heshiiskii Oslo. Heshiiska waxaa ku jiray qodobbo ku saabsan ka bixitaanka Israel iyo iskaashiga amniga.  Muddadii sannadaha Oslo waxay barwaaqo weyn u horseedday degaannada ay dawladdu maamusho, inkastoo ay jiraan arrimo dhaqaale. Maamulka Falastiin ayaa dhistay garoonkii labaad ee dalkaasi ee Gaza, kadib garoonka caalamiga ah ee Qudus . Xafladii lagu daah furayay garoonka ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay Bill Clinton iyo Nelson Mandela . Sannadkii 1999-kii, Ehud Barak waxa uu la wareegay jagada Ra’iisal-wasaaraha Israa’iil, isaga oo dib u soo cusboonaysiiyay dadaalladii lagu doonayay in heshiis maqaam oo kama dambays ah lala gaadho Falastiiniyiinta. Shirweynihii Camp David ee 2000 ayaa ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu xalliyo arrimaha haray balse waxa uu ku dhammaaday iyada oo aan la helin heshiis dhammaystiran, taas oo u adeegta sidii guul u ahayd geeddi-socodka nabadda. ===Intifada labaad iyo dagaal sokeeye=== [[File:אוקטובר 2000 1.jpg|thumb|Kacdoon shacab oo ka dhacay Xebroon, 2000]] Shir madaxeed nabadeed oo dhex maray Yaasir Carafaat iyo Ehud Barak waxa dhexdhexaadinayey Bill Clinton 2000 . Si kastaba ha ahaatee heshiiska ayaa ku guuldareystay in uu ka hadlo arrimaha qaxootiga Falastiiniyiinta, xaaladda Qudus iyo walaaca ammaanka ee Israel. Labada dhinac ayaa midba midka kale ku eedeeyay fashilka shirka. Tani waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee kacdoonka dhici doona soo socda. Bishii Sebtembar 2000, hogaamiyaha mucaaradka ee xisbiga Likud , Ariel Sharon , ayaa booqasho firfircoon ku tagay Temple Mount, wuxuuna jeediyay khudbad muran badan dhalisay, taasoo ka cadhaysiisay Falastiiniyiinta reer Qudus . Xiisaddii waxay isu rogtay rabshado. Iskudhacyo dhiig ayaa ka dhacay hareeraha Yeruusaalem. Rabshadaha sii kordhaya ayaa sababay in la xiro Gegida Diyaaradaha ee magaalada Jerusalem , kaas oo aan shaqayn ilaa maanta. Rabshado badan oo u dhexeeya Yuhuuda iyo Carabta ayaa ka dhacay bishii Oktoobar 2000 gudaha Israa'iil. [[File:חומת מגן 21.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Dhalashada ee la hareereeyey 2002dii]] Isla bishaas, laba askari oo Israa'iiliyiin ah ayaa lagu dilay Ramallah . Intii u dhaxaysay Nofeembar iyo Disembar isku dhacyada u dhexeeya Falastiiniyiinta iyo Israa'iiliyiinta ayaa sii kordhay. Sannadkii 2001dii shir madaxeedka Taba ayaa dhex maray Israa'iil iyo Falastiin. Laakiin shirwaynaha ayaa ku guuldareystay inuu fuliyo, Ariel Sharon wuxuu noqday ra'iisul wasaare doorashadii 2001. Sannadkii 2001dii, weerarrada kooxaha Falastiiniyiinta ee ku wajahan Israa'iil ayaa kordhay. Gegida dayuuradaha ee Qaza ayaa lagu burburiyay duqayn cirka ah oo ay geysteen ciidamada Israa'iil 2001, iyaga oo isku sheegay in ay uga aargoosanayaan weerarradii hore ee Xamaas. Bishii Janaayo 2002, IDF Shayetet 13 kumaandooska badda waxay qabteen Karine A , oo ah xamuul siday hub ka yimid Iran una socday Israa'iil. Qaraarkii UNSC ee tirsigiisu ahaa 1397 ayaa la meel mariyay, kaas oo dib u xaqiijiya in xal laba dawladood ah la helo , isla markaana dhidibbada u taagay khariidadda nabadda . Weerar kale oo ay qaadeen Xamaas ayaa waxaa ku dhintay 30 qof .68​​​​​​​​​ Sannadkii 2002, Israa'iil waxay bilawday Hawlgalka Difaaca Difaaca ka dib xasuuqii Kormaridda . Dagaal culus oo u dhexeeya IDF iyo dagaalyahannada Falastiin ayaa ka dhacay Jenin . Kaniisadda Dhalashada waxaa go'doomiyay IDF hal usbuuc ilaa wadahadallo guul leh ay dhaceen , taasoo keentay in ciidamada Israa'iil laga saaro kaniisadda. Intii u dhaxaysay 2003 iyo 2004, dad ka soo jeeda qabiilka Qawasameh ee Xebroon ayaa la dilay ama isku qarxiyay is qarxin. Ariel Sharon wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in la dhiso xayndaabyo laga dhisayo dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ay maamusho iyo deegaamaynta Israa'iil ee Daanta Galbeed si looga hortago weeraro mustaqbalka. Saddaam Xuseen waxa uu taageero dhaqaale u fidiyay dagaalyahannada Falastiiniyiinta ee Ciraaq ka soo qaxay xilligii intifada, laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa la afgambiyay 2003. Waxa la soo jeediyay hindise nabadeed 2003, taas oo uu taageeray Carafaat oo uu diiday Sharon. Sannadkii 2004tii hogaamiyihii Xamaas iyo aasaasihii ururka Xamaas Axmed Yaasiin waxaa lagu dilay ciidamada Israa’iil ee Gaza. Yaasir Carafaat waxa uu ku xidhnaa xaruntiisa Ramallah. Noofambar 11, Yaasir Carafaat wuxuu ku dhintay Paris [[File:Demonstration against road block, Kafr Qaddum, March 2012 3.JPG|Mudaaharaad lagaga soo horjeedo jid-gooyo, Kafr Qaddum , March 2012]] Todobaadkii ugu horeeyey ee 2005, Maxamuud Cabbaas ayaa loo doortay inuu noqdo madaxweynaha Dawladda Falastiin. Sannadkii 2005, Israa'iil waxay si buuxda uga baxday Marinka Qaza iyagoo burburiyay degaannadii ay ku noolaayeen. Sannadkii 2005tii, xaaladdu waxay bilowday inay sii xumaato. Sannadkii 2006, Xamaas ayaa ku guulaysatay doorashooyinkii sharci dejinta ee Falastiin. Tani waxay keentay khilaaf siyaasadeed oo ka dhexeeya Fatah. Iska horimaad hubaysan ayaa ka dhacay guud ahaan Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Qaza labadaba. Iska horimaadyadu waxay isu beddeleen dagaal sokeeye, kaasoo ku dhammaaday iska-horimaadyo dhiig badan ku daatay oo ka dhacay Marinka Qaza. Natiijo ahaan, Xamaas waxay gacanta ku dhigtay dhammaan dhulka Gaza. Boqolaal qof ayaa ku dhintay dagaalka sokeeye oo ay ku jiraan maleeshiyaad iyo dad rayid ah. Tan iyo markaas Xamaas waxay heshay madax-bannaani dheeraad ah hab-dhaqankeeda milatari. Tan iyo 2007, Israa'iil waxay hogaaminaysay go'doomin qayb ka mid ah Gaza. Shir madaxeed kale oo nabadeed ayaa waxaa soo qabanqaabiyay Jaamacadda Carabta 2007, iyadoo isla dalabkaas lagu soo bandhigay shirkii 2002. Si kastaba ha ahaatee geeddi-socodkii nabadeed wuu socon waayay. PNA waxay si buuxda u maamusho Marinka Gaza marka laga reebo xudduudaheeda, hawadeeda, iyo dhul-badeedkeeda ===Colaad sii socota=== [[File:Westbank Control & Access Restrictions Dec 2012.png|thumb|Degsiimooyinka Israa'iil ee Daanta Galbeed, 2012]] Kala qaybsanaanta u dhaxaysa Daanta Galbeed iyo Qaza waxay sii adkeysay dadaallada lagu doonayo in lagu gaaro midnimada Falastiin iyo in heshiis nabadeed oo dhamaystiran lala galo Israa'iil . Wareegyo badan oo dib-u-heshiisiin ah ayaa la qabtay, laakiin lama gaarin heshiis waara. Kala qaybsanaantu waxay kaloo caqabad ku noqotay in la dhiso dawlad midaysan oo falastiiniyiin ah, waxayna u horseedday hannaan dawladeed iyo siyaasado kala duwan oo labada dhul ah. Ka dib iskahorimaadkii Falastiiniyiinta ee 2006, Xamaas waxay la wareegtay gacan ku haynta Marinka Gaza (waxay hore u haysatay aqlabiyadda PLC), Fatah waxay la wareegtay maamulka Daanta Galbeed. Laga soo bilaabo 2007, Marinka Gaza waxaa maamuli jiray Xamaas, Daanta Galbeedna waxaa maamuli jiray xisbiga Fatax ee uu hoggaamiyo maamulka Falastiin. Dadaalka caalamiga ah ee dib u soo noolaynta geeddi-socodka nabadda ayaa sii socday. Mareykanka oo ay hogaaminayaan maamulo kala duwan ayaa sameeyay isku dayo kala duwan oo lagu doonayo in lagu dhexdhexaadiyo Israa’iil iyo Falastiiniyiinta. Caqabado la taaban karo sida ballaarinta dejinta, xaaladda Qudus, xudduudaha , iyo xaqa u noqoshada qaxootiga Falastiin , ayaa ahaa kuwo aan la xallin. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, hindisayaal diblomaasiyadeed ayaa soo baxay, oo ay ku jiraan heshiisyada caadiga ah ee u dhexeeya Israa'iil iyo dhowr waddan oo Carbeed , oo loo yaqaan heshiiskii Abraham . Heshiisyadan, inkastoo aan si toos ah looga hadlin iskahorimaadka Israel iyo Falastiin, waxay dib u habeyn ku sameeyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa gobolka waxayna keeneen su'aalo ku saabsan mustaqbalka rabitaanka Falastiin ee dawladnimada. Xaaladda hadda jirta ayaa weli ah mid caqabad ku ah Falastiiniyiinta, iyada oo arrimaha socda ee la qabsiga, ballaarinta dejinta, dhaqdhaqaaqa xaddidan, iyo dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale. Weeraro ay qaadeen kooxaha hubaysan ee Xamaas ay hogaamiso bishii Oktoobar 2023 ee Israa’iil waxaa xigay dagaalka Gaza . Dagaalku wuxuu sababay burbur baahsan, dhibaato bini'aadantinimo , iyo macaluul ka socota marinka Qaza. Inta badan dadka ayaa si qasab ah lagu barakiciyey . Dhowr hay'adood oo xuquuqul insaanka ah sida Amnesty International iyo B'Tselem , cilmi-baarisyo kala duwan oo xasuuq iyo sharci-yaqaanno caalami ah , iyo khubaro kale ayaa sheegaya in xasuuq uu ka socdo Gaza , inkastoo qaar taas ku muransan. Tan iyo bilowgii dagaalka, in ka badan 60,000 falastiiniyiin ah oo ku sugan Gaza ayaa lagu dilay , ku dhawaad ​​kala bar waa haween iyo caruur , iyo in ka badan 148,000 oo dhaawacmay. Daraasad lagu sameeyay The Lancet ayaa lagu qiyaasay dhimashada 64,260 ee Gaza ee dhaawacyada dhaawaca ah June 2024, iyada oo la xusayo dhimashada suurtagalka ah ee dhimashada marka "dadka aan tooska ahayn" lagu daro. Laga bilaabo Maajo 2025, tirada la midka ah ee dhimashada dhaawaca dhaawacyada waxay noqon doontaa 93,000. Waxaa sidoo kale jiray daadad dagaal oo ka dhacay Daanta Galbeed . ==Juqraafiga== [[File:פנורמה ירושלים22.jpg|thumb|Muuqaal magaalada oo casri ah oo ku yaal Yeruusaalem oo dhan , oo leh aragtida Temple Mount iyo Al Aqsa]] Juqraafiga [[File:Mt-Grizim-national-park-7920.jpg|thumb|Waxay ku taal agagaarka Nablus , Buur Gerizim waa goobta ugu quduusan ee reer Samaariya .]] Aagagga uu waddanku sheeganayo, ee loo yaqaan dhulalka falastiiniyiinta , waxay ku yaallaan Levant ee Koonfureed ee gobolka Bariga Dhexe . Falastiin waa qayb ka mid ah Bisha Barwaaqada ah , oo ay weheliso Israel, Urdun, Lubnaan, Ciraaq iyo Suuriya. Marinka Qaza waxa uu xaduud la leeyahay badda Mediterranean-ka galbeed, Masar oo dhanka koonfureed ah, iyo Israa'iil waqooyi iyo bari. Daanta Galbeed waxa xuddun u ah Urdun oo bari ka xigta, Israa'iilna waxa ay xuduud ka leedahay woqooyi, koonfur iyo galbeed. Falastiin waxay xuduud badeed la wadaagtaa Israa'iil , Masar iyo Qubrus . Haddaba, labada gole ee ka kooban dhulka ay sheeganayso Dawladda Falastiin ma laha xuduud juqraafi ah oo midba midka kale la leeyahay, oo ay kala qaybiso Israel. Meelahaasi waxay noqon doonaan dalka 163aad ee aduunka ugu wayn dhul ahaan . Daanta Galbeed waa gobol buuraley ah. Waxay u qaybsantaa saddex gobol, oo kala ah Buurta Nablus ( Jabal Nablus ), Buuraha Xebroon iyo Buuraha Qudus ( Jibal al-Qudus ). Buuraha Samaariya iyo Buuraha Yahuudda waa silsilado buuro ah oo ku yaal Daanta Galbeed, iyadoo Buur Nabi Yuunis ku taal joog dhan 1,030 mitir (3,380 ft) oo ku taal Gobolka Xebroon oo ah meesha ugu sarreysa. Ilaa qarnigii 19aad, Xebroon waxay ahayd magaalada ugu sarreysa Bariga Dhexe. Quddus waxay ku taal meel bannaan ah oo ku taal badhtamaha buuraha, waxaana ku hareeraysan dooxooyin. Dhulku wuxuu ka kooban yahay dooxooyin barwaaqo ah, sida dooxada Yesreceel iyo dooxada webiga Urdun . Falastiin waxay hoy u tahay geedka saytuunka ee ugu weyn adduunka, oo ku yaal Jerusalem. Qiyaastii 45% dhulka Falastiin waxa u heellan beerista geedaha saytuunka. Falastiin waxay leedahay harooyin iyo wabiyo muhiim ah kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara juqraafiyada iyo hab-nololeedkeeda. Webiga Urdun wuxuu u socdaa dhinaca koonfureed, isagoo ka dhigaya qayb ka mid ah xudduudda bari ee Falastiin wuxuuna sii maraa badda Galili ka hor inta uusan gaarin badda dhintay. Marka loo eego caadooyinka Masiixiyiinta, waa goobtii baabtiiska Ciise . Badda Dhimatay , oo xuduud la leh bariga dalka waa meesha ugu hooseeya dhulka. Jericho , oo ku taal meel u dhow, waa magaalada ugu hooseysa adduunka. Tuulooyinka iyo xaafadaha ku hareeraysan Yeruusaalem ayaa hoy u ah biyo qadiimi ah. Dalka waxa ku yaal dhawr dooxood oo wabiyo ah . Marin-biyoodyadani waxay bixiyaan agabka lagama maarmaanka u ah beeraha iyo madadaalada iyagoo taageeraya nidaamyada deegaanka ee kala duwan. Saddex dhul-beereedka ayaa laga helay aagga: Bariga Mediterranean-ka conifer-sclerophyllous-kaynta-broadleaf , lamadegaanka Carabta , iyo saxaraha geedaha Mesobotaamiya . Falastiin waxay leedahay dhowr arrimood oo deegaanka ah; Arrimaha ku wajahan marinka Qaza waxaa ka mid ah xaalufka ; cusbada biyaha cusub; daaweynta bulaacadaha ; cudurada ka dhasha biyaha ; xaalufka ciidda ; iyo xaalufka iyo wasakhaynta kheyraadka biyaha dhulka hoostiisa. Daanta Galbeed, arrimo badan oo isku mid ah ayaa khuseeya; inkastoo biyaha macaan ay aad u badan yihiin, helitaankooda waxaa xaddiday khilaafka socda . ===Cimilada=== Heerkulka Falastiin aad buu u kala duwan yahay. Cimilada ku taal Daanta Galbeed inta badan waa Mediterranean-ka , wax yar ka qabow meelaha sare marka loo eego xeebta, galbeed ilaa aagga. Dhanka bari, Daanta Galbeed waxaa ku jira inta badan saxaraha Yahuudda oo ay ku jiraan xeebta galbeed ee Badda Dhimatay, oo lagu garto cimilada qalalan iyo kulul. Qasa waxay leedahay cimilo kuleyl badheed-oomane ah ( Köppen : BS) oo leh jiilaal khafiif ah iyo kulayl qalalan. Gu'gu wuxuu yimaadaa qiyaastii Maarso-Abriil. Bilaha ugu kulul waa Julaay iyo Agoosto, iyadoo celceliska sare uu yahay 33 °C (91 °F). Bisha ugu qabow waa Janaayo, iyadoo heerkulku caadiyan yahay 7 ° C (45 ° F). Roobabku waa yar yihiin waxayna guud ahaan da'aan inta u dhaxaysa Noofembar iyo Maarso. Roobabka sannadlaha ah waa qiyaastii 4.57 inji (116 mm). ===Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha=== [[File:Camel - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Geela ku sugan Saxaraha Yahuudda]] Falastiin ma laha jardiinooyin qaran oo si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay ama meelo la ilaaliyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa jira meelo ka mid ah Daanta Galbeed oo loo tixgaliyo inay leeyihiin muhiimad deegaan iyo dhaqan waxaana lagu maareeyaa dedaallo ilaalin ah. Meelahan waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan kaydka dabiiciga ah ama aagagga la ilaaliyo. Waxay ku taal meel u dhow Jericho oo ku taal Daanta Galbeed, Wadi Qelt waa dooxo saxare ah oo leh dhir iyo xayawaan gaar ah. Kaydka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa muuqaalkiisa qallafsan, ilo dabiici ah, iyo goobo taariikhi ah sida Monastery St. George . Waxaa la sameeyay dadaal lagu ilaalinayo kala duwanaanshaha noolaha iyo quruxda dabiiciga ah ee deegaanka. Saxaraha Yahuudda waxa loo yaqaan Geela Yahuudda. Beerta lagu xanaaneeyo ee Qalqilya ee ku taal gobolka Qalqily , waa beerta kaliya ee hadda ka hawlgasha dalka. Xayawaanka Xayawaanka ee Gaza ayaa loo xiray xaalad xumo awgeed. Dawladda Israa'iil waxay deegaanka C ka samaysay jardiinooyin kala duwan oo qaran , kuwaas oo loo arko sharci-darro marka loo eego sharciga caalamiga ah . ==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda== [[File:Mahmoud Abbas 2024.jpg|thumb|Madaxweyne Maxamuud Cabaas]] [[File:Mohammad Mustafa January 2025.jpg|thumb|Ra'iisul Wasaare Maxamed Mustafa]] [[File:Ramallah PLC.jpg|thumb|Golaha Sharci-dejinta ee Falastiin , oo ay degan yihiin baarlamaanka Falastiin]] [[File:Mausoleo Arafat (Muqata, Ramallah) 02.JPG|thumb|Mowliidka Yaasir Carafaat oo ku taal xarunta dhexe ee maamulka Falastiin ee Ramallah]] Falastiin waxay ku shaqaysaa nidaam dawladeed oo badh-madaxweyne ah . Dalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay hay'ado xiriir la leh Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin (PLO), oo ay ku jiraan Madaxweynaha Dawladda Falastiin , oo uu magacaabo Golaha Dhexe ee Falastiiniyiinta , Golaha Qaranka Falastiin , iyo Guddiga Fulinta ee Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin , oo qabta hawlaha dawladda ee dibad - baxa ilaalinta shabakad xiriir shisheeye oo ballaaran. PLO waxa ay isugu jiraan dhowr xisbi siyaasadeed. Kuwani waa in laga soocaa Madaxweynaha Maamulka Qaranka Falastiin , Golaha Sharci-dejinta ee Falastiin, iyo Golaha Xukuumadda PNA ,kuwaas oo dhammaantood ku xiran yihiin Maamulka Qaranka ee Falastiiniyiinta (PNA). Dukumeentiga aasaasiga ah ee Falastiin waa Baaqa Falastiin ee Madax-bannaanida, kaas oo ah in laga sooco PLO Axdiga Qaranka Falastiin ee aan la xidhiidhin iyo Sharciga Aasaasiga ah ee Falastiin PNA . Dawladda Falastiin waxa ay u qaybsantaa laba qaybood oo kala ah – Maamulka Falastiiniyiinta oo ay maamusho Fatah, oo qayb ahaan gacanta ku haysa Daanta Galbeed, iyo Marinka Gaza, oo ay gacanta ku hayso kooxda xagjirka ah ee Xamaas. Fatah waa xisbi cilmaani ah oo uu aasaasay Yaasir Carafaat, xiriir wanaagsanna la leh quwadaha reer galbeedka. Dhanka kale Xamaas waa koox mintidiin ah oo ku dhisan wadaniyad iyo fikir Islaami ah oo falastiiniyiin ah oo ay dhiiri galiyeen Ikhwaanul Muslimiin . Xamaas ayaa xiriir xun la leh Mareykanka, balse waxay taageero ka heshaa Iran. Front Popular for the Liberation of Palestine waa xisbi kale oo caan ah oo cilmaani ah, kaas oo uu aasaasay George Habash . Mahmoud Abbas waa madaxweynaha dalka tan iyo 2005. Mohammad Shtayyeh wuxuu ahaa ra'iisul wasaaraha Falastiin, oo is casilay 2024. Sanadkii 2024, Mohammad Mustafa ayaa loo magacaabay ra'iisul wasaaraha cusub ee dalka, ka dib markii uu iska casilay Shtayyeh. Yahya Sinwar waxa uu ahaa hoggaamiyihii xukuumadda Xamaas ee Marinka Gaza ka hor dhimashadiisa Oktoobar 2024. Sida laga soo xigtay Freedom House , PNA waxay u maamushaa Falastiin hab kali-talisnimo ah , oo ay ku jiraan caburinta dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha iyo saxafiyiinta dhaleeceeya dawladda. Quddus oo ay ku jirto Haram ash-Shariif , waxaa caasimad u ah Falastiin oo ay Israa’iil haysato . Xarunta ku meel gaarka ah ee maamulka waxay ku taal Ramallah , oo 10 km u jirta Jerusalem. Muqata waxay martigelisaa wasaaradaha gobolka iyo xafiisyada wakiillada. Sannadkii 2000, dhismo dawladeed ayaa laga dhisay xaafadda Jerusalem ee Abu Dis , si uu u shaqeeyo xafiiska Yaasir Carafaat iyo baarlamaanka Falastiin. Tan iyo intifada labaad , xaaladda magaaladu waxay ka dhigtay goobtan mid aan ku habboonayn inay u shaqeyso caasimad ahaan, si ku meel gaar ah ama si joogto ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maamulka falastiiniyiintu waxay ku adkaysteen joogitaankooda magaalada. Iyadoo qaybo yar oo magaalada ka mid ah ay sidoo kale gacanta ku hayaan Falastiiniyiinta, dalal badanna ay qunsuliyadooda ku leeyihiin magaalada Qudus ===Qaybaha maamulka=== [[File:West Bank and Gaza Strip location map.svg|thumb|Maamullada Falastiiniyiinta (rasmiga ah)]] [[File:Zones A and B in the occupied Palestinian territories.svg|thumb|Dhulka Falastiin ee ay maamusho]] Dawladda Falastiin waxay u qaybsantaa lix iyo toban qaybood oo maamul . Maamul goboleedyada ku yaal daanta galbeed ayaa loo qaybiyay saddex qaybood sida uu dhigayo heshiiskii Oslo II . Aagga A wuxuu ka kooban yahay 18% Daanta Galbeed marka loo eego aagga, waxaana maamula dawladda Falastiin. Aagga B wuxuu ka kooban yahay 22% ee Daanta Galbeed, wuxuuna hoos yimaadaa xukunka madaniga ah ee Falastiin, iyo xakamaynta amniga ee Israel-Falastiin. Aagga C , marka laga reebo Bariga Jerusalem, wuxuu ka kooban yahay 60% Daanta Galbeed, waxaana maamula Maamulka Madaniga ah ee Israa'iil . Dawladda Falastiin waxay siisaa adeegyada waxbarashada iyo caafimaadka 150,000 Falastiiniyiinta ah ee aagga, habayn lagu heshiiyey heshiiskii Oslo II ee hoggaanka Israel iyo Falastiiniyiinta. In ka badan 99% ee Aagga C ayaa ka mamnuuc ah Falastiiniyiinta, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay welwelka amniga oo waa qodob wada xaajoodka socda. Waxaa jira ilaa 330,000 Israa'iiliyiin ah oo ku nool degsiimooyinka Aagga C. Dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee hadda hoos yimaada maamulka Falastiiniyiinta ee casaanka ah ( Aagagga A iyo B ; oo aan ku jirin Marinka Gaza, oo hoos yimaada xukunka Hamas). [[File:Palestine election map.PNG|thumb|Maamulada Falastiin]] Bariga Jerusalem, oo ka kooban degmada Quddus ee qaybta bari ka hor 1967, oo ay weheliso aag muhiim ah oo ka mid ah Daanta Galbeed ee ka hor 1967 ee ay Israa'iil xadaysay 1967, ayaa loo maamulaa iyada oo qayb ka ah degmada Jerusalem ee Israa'iil. Waxaa sheegtay Falastiin oo qayb ka ah Maamulka Jerusalem . Waxaa si wax ku ool ah u raacay Israa'iil 1967, iyada oo la adeegsanayo sharciga Israa'iil, xukunka iyo maamulka ee hoos yimaada sharciga 1948 ee wax laga beddelay ujeedada, tan la sheegay in ku darista si dastuuri ah loo xaqiijiyay (macnaha) Sharciga Aasaasiga ah: Jerusalem 1980 , laakiin ku darsigan ma aqoonsana waddan kale. Sannadkii 2010-kii, 456,000 oo qof oo ku nool Bariga Jerusalem, qiyaastii 60% waxay ahaayeen Falastiiniyiin iyo 40% waxay ahaayeen Israa'iil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii 2000-meeyadii, Barwaaqada Amniga ee Daanta Galbeed ee Israa'iil ayaa si wax ku ool ah dib ugu daray tobanaan kun oo Falastiiniyiin ah oo sita kaararka aqoonsiga Israa'iil ee Daanta Galbeed, taasoo ka dhigaysa Bariga Jerusalem xayndaabka iyada oo aqlabiyad yar oo Israa'iil ah (60%). Sida uu dhigayo heshiiskii Oslo, Jerusalem waxaa la soo jeediyay in lagu daro wada xaajoodyada mustaqbalka. Sida ay sheegtay Israa’iil, heshiiskii Oslo waxa uu mamnuucayaa in maamulka Falastiin uu ka shaqeeyo magaalada Qudus. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybo ka mid ah Quddus, xaafadahaas oo ku yaalla meel ka baxsan magaaladii hore ee taariikhiga ahayd, balse qayb ka ah Bariga Quddus, ayaa loo qoondeeyey maamulka Falastiiniyiinta. ===Xiriirka dibadda=== Xidhiidhka dibadeed waxa lagu ilaaliyaa hab dhismeedka wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda . Ururka Xoraynta Falastiin (PLO) wuxuu matalaa Dawladda Falastiin waxayna safaarado ku leeyihiin wadamada aqoonsan. Waxa kale oo ay uga qaybgashaa ururada caalamiga ah xubin ahaan, wehel ama goob-jooge ahaan. Xaaladaha qaarkood, sababtoo ah ilo is khilaafaya, way adagtahay in la go'aamiyo haddii ka qaybqaadashadu ay tahay magaca Dawladda Falastiin, PLO oo ah hay'ad aan dawli ahayn, ama Maamulka Qaranka Falastiin (PNA). Vatican-ku waxay aqoonsi u wareejisay Dawladda Falastiin bishii Maajo 2015, ka dib codbixintii Qaramada Midoobay ee 2012 . Isbeddelkan wuxuu la jaan qaadayaa aragtida Quduuska ah ee booska kobcinta. [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the President of the State of Palestine, Mr. Mahmoud Abbas, at the joint Press meet, at Ramallah, Palestine on February 10, 2018 (2).jpg|Raiisel wasaaraha Hindiya Narendra Modi iyo Mahmoud Abbas oo ku sugan Ramallah sanadka 2018]] Hadda, 146 dal oo ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay (75%) waxay aqoonsan yihiin Dawladda Falastiin. Inkastoo qaarkood aysan aqoonsanayn, haddana waxay PLO u aqoonsan yihiin inay tahay wakiilka dadka Falastiiniyiinta. Guddiga fulinta ee PLO waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sidii dawladda oo kale, waxaana awood u siinaya PNC.  Waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta , Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka iyo Midowga Badda Mediterranean-ka . Sweden ayaa sanadkii 2013 qaaday tallaabo muhiim ah iyadoo sare u qaadaysa maqaamka xafiiska wakiilka Falastiiniyiinta oo ay ka dhigtay safaarad buuxda. Waxay noqdeen waddankii ugu horreeyay ee xubin ka ah Midowga Yurub oo ka baxsan ururkii shuuciga ahaa ee si rasmi ah u aqoonsaday Dawlada Xubnaha ururka Jaamacadda Carabta iyo xubnaha ururka iskaashiga Islaamka ayaa si weyn u taageeray mowqifka dalkaas ee colaadda Israa'iil .Iran waxa ay xulafo xooggan la ahayd Falastiin tan iyo kacdoonkii Islaamiga ahaa , waxayna taageero millatari u fidisay fedayeenka Falastiin iyo kooxaha mintidka ah, oo ay ku jiraan Xamaas iyada oo loo marayo Axis of Resistance , oo ay ku jiraan isbahaysiga milatari ee dawladaha iyo fallaagada Ciraaq ,  Suuriya , Lubnaan iyo Yemen . Hamas sidoo kale waa qayb ka mid ah dhidibka iska caabinta. Xataa ka hor intaysan soo shaac bixin iska caabin Islaami ah oo ay Iran taageerto Ciraaq , Ciraaq waxa ay si weyn u taageeri jirtay Falastiin markii ay hoos imanaysay dawladdii Bacathiyiinta ee Saddaam Xuseen . Turkiga waa taageeraha Xamaas Qatar waxay ahayd taageere dhaqaale oo muhiim ah waxayna martigelisay hogaamiyayaasha Hamas. Sannadkii 1988, iyada oo qayb ka ah codsigii ahaa in lagu ogolaado UNESCO, qoraal sharraxaad ah ayaa la diyaariyey oo lagu taxay 92 dawladood oo aqoonsaday Dawladda Falastiin, oo ay ku jiraan labadaba Carabta iyo kuwa aan Carabta ahayn sida Hindiya.  : 19  Markii ay xulafo xooggan la ahayd Falastiin , Hindiya waxay xoojisay xidhiidhka ay la leedahay Israa'iil tan iyo 1991.  Mucamar Al-Qadaafi ee Liibiya waxa uu ahaa taageere madax-bannaanida falastiiniyiinta, waxaana loo raadinayey dhex-dhexaadiye colaadda Carabta iyo Israa’iil, markii uu soo bandhigay yabooh nabadeed oo hal waddan ah oo uu cinwaan uga dhigay Israa’iil sannadkii 2000 . Intii uu socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee Sri Lanka , PLO waxa ay tababar siisay fallaagada Tamil si ay ula dagaalamaan dowladda Sri Lanka .  Jamhuuriyadda Ireland , Venezuela iyo Koonfur Afrika waa xulafada siyaasadeed ee Falastiin waxayna si adag ugu ololeeyeen in la aasaaso Falastiin madaxbannaan. Natiijadii dagaalka socda waxaa kordhay taageerada dalka. Tan iyo markii Israa’iil ay duulaanka ku qaaday Qaza , dalal badan oo taageera Falastiiniyiinta ayaa si rasmi ah u aqoonsaday dalkaasi. Tan waxaa ku jira Armenia , Spain , Norway , Bahamas , Jamaica , Barbados iyo Trinidad and Tobago ===Heerka iyo aqoonsiga=== Ururka Xoraynta Falastiin (PLO) wuxuu ku dhawaaqay aasaaska Dawladda Falastiin 15-kii Noofambar 1988. Waxaa jira aragtiyo kala duwan oo ku saabsan xaaladda sharci ee Dawladda Falastiin, labadaba dawladaha caalamiga ah iyo culimada sharciga.  Jiritaanka dowlad Falastiin waxaa aqoonsan dowladaha la sameeyay xiriir diblomaasiyadeed oo laba geesood ah. ishii Janaayo 2015, Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Dambiyada waxay xaqiijisay xaaladda Falastiin "Dawlad" ka dib markii ay aqoonsatay kormeerayaasha Qaramada Midoobay,  tallaabo ay cambaareeyeen hoggaamiyeyaasha Israa'iil oo ah nooc ka mid ah "argagixiso diblomaasiyadeed".  Bishii Disembar 2015, Golaha loo dhan yahay ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa meel mariyay qaraar ay ku dalbanayaan madaxbannaanida Falastiiniyiinta ee kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dhulka la haysto. Waxay ugu yeertay Israa'iil inay joojiso dhiig-miirashada iyo waxyeelada iyadoo la siinayo Falastiiniyiinta xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay soo celiyaan. Sannadkii 1988-kii, Qaraarkii 43/177 waxa aqoonsaday Dawladda Falastiin ku dhawaaqida madaxbanaanida . Sannadkii 2012, Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay wuxuu soo saaray Qaraar tirsigiisu yahay 67/19 , siinaya Falastiin " dal aan xubin ka ahayn goobjoogeyaal " status , si wax ku ool ah loogu aqoonsado dal madax-bannaan .  Bishii Agoosto 2015, wakiilada Falastiin ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa soo bandhigay qaraar qabyo ah oo u oggolaanaya wadamada aan xubinta ka ahayn goobjoogayaasha Falastiin iyo Quduuska Quduuska ah inay calankooda ka taagaan xarunta Qaramada Midoobay. Markii hore, Falastiiniyiintu waxay soo bandhigeen hindisahooda sidii dadaal wadajir ah oo ay la leeyihiin Seefta Quduuska ah, taas oo ay Quduuska ah beenisay. Warqad uu u diray Xoghayaha Guud iyo Madaxweynaha Golaha Guud, Safiirka Israa'iil ee UN Ron Prosor wuxuu ugu yeeray tallaabada "ku-takri-falka kale ee UN-ka ... si loo helo dhibco siyaasadeed". Kadib codeynta, oo 119 cod u qaadeen 8 iyadoo 45 dal ay ka aamuseen, Safiirka Mareykanka Samantha Power ayaa sheegtay in "kor u qaadista calanka Falastiin aysan isu soo dhaweyn doonin Israel iyo Falastiiniyiinta".  Afhayeenka Waaxda Arrimaha Dibedda ee Maraykanka Mark Toner ayaa ku tilmaamay "isku day aan faa'iido lahayn" oo lagu raadinayo sheegashooyinka dawlad-goboleedka oo ka baxsan heshiis wada-xaajood ah.  Xafladda lafteeda, Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay, Ban Ki-Moon ayaa sheegay in munaasabaddan ay tahay "maalin ay ku faani karaan dadka reer Falastiin ee ku nool dunida oo dhan, waa maalin rajo ah", wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay "Hadda waa waqtigii dib loo soo celin lahaa kalsoonida labada Israel iyo Falastiiniyiinta si loo helo heshiis nabadeed iyo, ugu dambeyntii, xaqiijinta laba dawladood oo laba shacab ah." ===Aqoonsiga caalamiga ah=== [[File:Palestine recognition only.svg|thumb|Dawladda Falastiin Waddamada aqoonsaday Falastiin Wadamada ku dhawaaqay inay dhawaan aqoonsan doonaan Falastiin ( France Malta , Portugal , San Marino , Australia ) Wadamada ku dhawaaqay shuruudahooda, aqoonsiga soo socda ee Falastiin ( United Kingdom , CanadaWadamada aan aqoonsaneyn Falastiin]] Dawladda Falastiin waxa aqoonsaday 146 ka mid ah 193-ka xubnood ee Qaramada Midoobay tan iyo 2012-kii waxa ay lahayd xaalad ah waddan aan xubin ka ahayn kormeerayaasha Qaramada Midoobay. Xaaladdan xaddidan waxaa inta badan sabab u ah xaqiiqda ah in Maraykanka , oo ah xubin joogta ah oo ka tirsan Golaha Ammaanka ee Qaramada Midoobay oo leh awoodda diidmada qayaxan, uu si joogto ah u isticmaalo diidmada qayaxan ama ku hanjabay inuu sidaas sameeyo si uu u xannibo xubinnimada Falastiin ee buuxda ee Qaramada Midoobay. On 29 November 2012, in a 138-9 cod (iyada 41 ka aamuseen iyo 5 maqan), Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa soo saaray qaraarka 67/19 , kor u Falastiin ka "xub goobjooge" in a " non-xubin goobjooge ah gobolka " gudaha nidaamka Qaramada Midoobay , kaas oo lagu tilmaamay aqoonsiga PLO. Xaaladda Falastiin ee Qaramada Midoobay waxay u dhigantaa tan Quduuska ah . Qaramada Midoobay waxa ay u ogolaatay Falastiin in ay ku magacawdo xafiiskeeda wakiilka Qaramada Midoobay oo ah "Howlgalka Joogtada ah ee Joogtada ah ee Dawladda Falastiin ee Qaramada Midoobay". Falastiin waxay ku amartay dublamaasiyiinteeda inay si rasmi ah u matalaan "Dawladda Falastiin" - oo aan hadda ahayn Maamulka Qaranka Falastiin. On 17 December 2012, Madaxa Hab-maamuuska Qaramada Midoobay Yeocheol Yoon ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in "magacaabidda 'State of Palestine' waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa by Xoghaynta dhammaan waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee Qaramada Midoobay", sidaas darteed aqoonsanaya cinwaanka 'State of Falastiin' sida magaca rasmiga ah ee gobolka ee dhammaan ujeedooyinka Qaramada Midoobay. 21kii Diisambar 2012, qoraal Qaramada Midoobay ah ayaa ka hadlay ereybixin habboon oo la isticmaalo ka dib GA 67/19. Waxaa lagu xusay in aysan jirin wax caqabad ah oo dhanka sharciga ah oo ku wajahan adeegsiga magacaabista Falastiin si ay u tixraacdo aagga juqraafi ee dhulka Falastiin. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa lagu macneeyay in sidoo kale aysan jirin wax xannibaya isticmaalka ereyga "Dhulka Falastiin ee la haysto oo ay ku jirto Bariga Jerusalem" ama erey-bixinno kale oo la mid ah sida caadada u ah Golaha. Laga bilaabo 21-kii Maarso 2025, 147 ( 76.2%) 193 ka waddan ee xubnaha ka ah Qaramada Midoobay ayaa aqoonsaday Dawladda Falastiin . Qaar badan oo ka mid ah wadamada aan aqoonsanayn Dawladda Falastiin si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay PLO u aqoonsan yihiin "wakiilka dadka Falastiiniyiinta ". Guddiga Fulinta ee PLO waxaa awood u siinaya Golaha Qaranka Falastiin si ay u qabtaan hawlaha dawladda ee Gobolka Falastiin. 2dii Abriil 2024, Riyad Mansour , oo ah safiirka Falastiin ee Qaramada Midoobay, ayaa codsaday in Golaha Ammaanku uu tixgeliyo codsiga xubinnimada ee la cusboonaysiiyay. Laga bilaabo Abriil 7 xubnood oo ka tirsan UNSC waxay aqoonsan yihiin Falastiin laakiin Maraykanku wuxuu muujiyay inuu ka soo horjeedo codsigaas waxaana intaa dheer, sharciga Maraykanku wuxuu dhigayaa in dhaqaalaha Maraykanku uu ka gooyo Qaramada Midoobay haddii ay dhacdo aqoonsi buuxa haddii aan la helin heshiis Israel iyo Falastiin. 18kii Abriil, Maraykanku wuxuu diidey qaraar Qaramada Midoobay si weyn loo taageeray kaas oo u ogolaan lahaa Falastiin inay xubin buuxda ka tahay Qaramada Midoobay. Qaraarka UNGA ee May 2024 wuxuu dhaqan galay shirweynaha guud ee 2024. Qaraarkan oo aqoonsaday in Falastiin ay xaq u leedahay inay xubin buuxda ka noqoto, ayaa sidoo kale xaq u siinaya Falastiiniyiinta inay soo gudbiyaan soo jeedinta iyo wax ka bedelka iyo in Falastiin loo ogolaado inay la fadhiistaan ​​dalalka kale ee xubnaha ka ah golaha. ===Milatari=== [[File:25th anniversary of Hamas (13).jpg|thumb|Sanadguuradii 25aad ee Xamaas oo ka dhacday Gaza, 2012]] Hay’adda Nabadsugidda Falastiin waxay ka kooban tahay ciidamada qalabka sida iyo hay’adaha sirdoonka, kuwaas oo la aas aasay intii lagu jiray heshiiskii Oslo. Shaqadoodu waa ilaalinta amniga gudaha iyo ilaalinta sharciga meelaha PA ay maamusho. Uma hawlgalo sidii ciidan hubaysan oo dal madax banaan. Heshiiskii Oslo ka hor, PLO waxay hogaamisay jabhad hubaysan oo ka soo horjeeday Israa'iil, oo ay ku jiraan isbahaysiga kooxaha xagjirka ah oo ay ku jiraan laanteeda milatariga - Ciidanka Xoraynta Falastiin . Tan iyo heshiisyadii 1993-1995, waxay ahayd mid aan shaqayn oo waxay ka shaqaysaa oo keliya Suuriya. Fedayeenka Falastiin waa dagaalyahannada Falastiiniyiinta iyo ciidamada jabhadda. Falastiiniyiintu waxay u haystaan ​​"dagaalyahan xornimo doon" iyo "argagixiso" Israa'iiliyiinta. Xamaas waxay isu haysataa inay tahay ciidan madax-bannaan, oo ka awood iyo saamayn badan PSF, oo ay weheliyaan ururrada kale ee mayalka adag sida Islamic Jihad (Al-Quds Bridage). Waa ciidan jabhad ah, oo ay taageerayaan Iran, Qatar iyo Turkiga. Sida laga soo xigtay CIA World Factbook, Guutada Qassam waxay leeyihiin 20,000 ilaa 25,000 xubnood, inkastoo tiradan lagu muransan yahay. Ka bixitaanka Israel ee 2005 ee Gaza waxay siisay Hamas fursad ay ku horumariyaan garabkeeda militari. Iran iyo Hezbollah ayaa hub sharci darro ah u soo galiyay Xamaas iyaga oo sii mara gacanka Sinai Peninsula iyaga oo sii maray Suudaan iyo Liibiya iyo sidoo kale dhinaca badda. Tababar millatari oo xoog leh iyo hub uruursi ayaa u oggolaaday Xamaas in ay si tartiib tartiib ah u abaabulaan cutubyo goboleed oo waaweyn sida guutooyin ka kooban 2,500–3,500 dagaalyahan midkiiba. Tan iyo 2020, dhoolatus wadajir ah oo lala sameeyay kooxaha kale ee ka dagaalama Gaza sida Falastiin Islamic Jihad (PIJ) waxay caadeysteen unugyo si ay ugu shaqeeyaan qaab isku dubaridan, taageera taliska iyo xakamaynta Hamas, waxayna fududeeyeen iskaashiga Xamaas iyo kooxaha yaryar. Dadaallada noocan oo kale ah waxay si dhab ah u bilowdeen sannadkii 2007-dii, markii Xamaas ay la wareegtay awoodda Marinka Gaza. Iran ayaa tan iyo markii ay Xamaas siisay agab iyo aqoon ay ku dhisto gantaallo waaweyn, iyadoo in ka badan 10,000 oo gantaallo ah iyo madaafiic lagu garaacay dagaalka hadda socda. Caawinta Iran, Xamaas waxay samaysay wax soo saar gantaallo gudaha ah oo xooggan oo u adeegsada tuubooyinka, fiilooyinka korantada, iyo agabka kale ee maalinlaha ah ee wax soo saarka la hagaajiyay. ===Sharciga iyo amniga=== Dawladda Falastiin waxay leedahay tiro ciidamo ah oo ammaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan Booliska madaniga ah , Ciidamada Ammaanka Qaranka iyo Adeegyada Sirdoonka, oo leh shaqada ilaalinta amniga iyo ilaalinta muwaadiniinta Falastiiniyiinta iyo Dawladda Falastiin. Dhammaan ciidamadan ayaa qayb ka ah hay’adaha ammaanka Falastiiniyiinta . PSF ayaa ugu horrayn mas'uul ka ah ilaalinta amniga gudaha, fulinta sharciga, iyo howlgallada ka hortagga argagixisanimada ee meelaha ay maamusho maamulka Falastiin. Ciidanka Xoraynta Falastiin (PLA) waa ciidanka joogtada ah ee Ururka Xoraynta Falastiin (PLO). Waxaa la aasaasay sannadihii ugu horreeyay ee dhaqdhaqaaqa qaranka Falastiin, laakiin inta badan waxay ahayd mid aan firfircoonayn tan iyo heshiiskii Oslo. PLA doorkeeda waxaa loogu talagalay inay noqoto ciidan caadi ah laakiin waxay u wareegtay door astaan ​​iyo door siyaasadeed. ==Dhaqaalaha== Falastiin waxa ay IMF ku tilmaantay in ay tahay waddan dakhligoodu dhexe yahay iyo mid soo koraya. Sannadkii 2023, GDP-ga waddanku wuxuu ahaa $40 bilyan iyo qofkiiba ilaa $4,500. Xaaladdeeda lagu muransan yahay awgeed, xaaladda dhaqaale ayaa saamaysay. Sii daynta kaarboon-dioxide waxay ahayd 0.6 metric ton qofkiiba 2010. Sannadkii 2011, heerka saboolnimada Falastiin wuxuu ahaa 25.8%. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin cusub oo uu soo saaray Bangiga Adduunka , kobaca dhaqaalaha Falastiin ayaa la filayaa inuu jilco sanadka 2023. Dhaqaalaha Falastiin wuxuu si weyn ugu tiirsan yahay gargaarka caalamiga ah , xawaaladaha Falastiiniyiinta iyo warshadaha maxalliga ah. [[File:Rawabi - industrial area.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Rawabi iyo agagaarka warshadaha]] Sida lagu sheegay warbixin uu soo saaray Bangiga Adduunka , saamaynta dhaqaale ee siyaasadda xidhitaanka Israa’iil ayaa ahayd mid qoto dheer, taasoo si toos ah uga qayb qaadatay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha, shaqo la’aanta baahsan, iyo kor u kaca faqriga tan iyo bilowgii Intifada Labaad ee Sebtembar 2000 . Xayiraadahani waxay si ba'an u hakiyeen kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo horumarka gobolka. Ka dib Dagaalkii Gaza ee 2014 , halkaas oo dhismayaal badan ay waxyeeloobeen ama burburiyeen, socodka dhismaha iyo alaabta ceeriin ee Gaza ayaa si aad ah loo xaddiday. Dhoofinta joogtada ah ee gobolka ayaa gebi ahaanba la joojiyay, taas oo uga sii dareysa caqabadaha dhaqaale ee soo food saaray dadweynaha. [[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Gaza by Night.jpg|thumb|Gaza ka hor dagaalkii 2023]] Mid ka mid ah tallaabooyinka culeyska leh ee ay Israa'iil soo rogtay ayaa ah nidaamka "dib-u-celinta" ee lagu dhaqan geliyo meelaha laga gudbo ee gudaha dhulka Falastiiniyiinta . Siyaasaddani waxay ku khasabtaa alaab-qeybiyeyaasha inay badeecadahooda ka dejiyaan oo ay dib ugu raraan hal baabuur oo kale, taasoo keentay kharashaad gaadiid oo aad u badan iyo waqti dheer oo ay ku sii maraan badeecadaha la dhammeeyey iyo alaabta ceeriin. Kharashyadan dheeraadka ah waxay sii carqaladeynayaan kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo jiritaanka. Sida uu dhigayo 1995 Oslo II Accord , waxaa lagu heshiiyey in maamulka Aagga C lagu wareejiyo maamulka Falastiiniyiinta 18 bilood gudahood, marka laga reebo arrimaha lagu go'aaminayo heshiiska heerka kama dambaysta ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Israa'iil waxay ku guuldareysatay inay fuliso waajibaadkeeda ku xusan heshiiskii Oslo, taasoo muujineysa baahida degdegga ah ee xisaabtanka iyo soo afjarida isla xisaabtan la'aanta. Komishanka Yurub ayaa muujiyay saamaynta xun ee xannibaadda West Bank ee Israa'iil , iyada oo ku qiyaastay in ay keentay saboolnimada dhaqaale ee sanadlaha ah ee Falastiiniyiinta 2-3% ee GDP. Intaa waxaa dheer, tirada sii kordheysa ee xiritaanka gudaha iyo dibedda ayaa sii socota inay saameyn xun ku yeelato rajada laga qabo soo kabashada dhaqaalaha gobolka. Sannadkii 2015, saamaynta dhaqaale ee isticmaalka sharci darrada ah ee Israa’iil ee khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee Falastiin waxa si muxaafid ah loogu qiyaasay US$1.83 bilyan, oo u dhiganta 22% GDP-ga Falastiin sannadkaas. Warbixinta 2015 ee Bangiga Adduunka, qaybta wax soo saarka ee GDP ayaa hoos uga dhacday 19% ilaa 10 % inta u dhaxaysa saxeexa Heshiisyada Oslo ilaa 2011 . 22% ilaa GDP Falastiin. Warbixintu waxay xustay in Israa'iil iyo Urdun ay si wada jir ah u soo saaraan $4.2 bilyan sannadkii iibka alaabtan, taasoo ka dhigan 6% sahayda potash-ka caalamiga ah iyo 73% wax soo saarka bromine-ka caalamiga ah. Guud ahaan, haddii Falastiiniyiintu ay si aan xaddidnayn u heli lahaayeen dhulkooda ee Aagga 'C', faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee Falastiin waxay kordhin karaan 35% GDP, oo gaaraya ugu yaraan $3.4 bilyan sannadkii. Sidoo kale, xayiraadaha biyuhu waxay ku kaceen kharash dhan US $ 1.903, oo u dhiganta 23.4% GDP, halka xayiraadda joogtada ah ee Israel ee Marinka Gaza ay keentay kharash dhan $ 1.908 bilyan US $, oo ka dhigan 23.5% GDP ee 2010 . xaqa loo leeyahay in la horumariyo bulsho barwaaqo ah oo leh dhaqaale deggan iyo kobac waara. Wax soo saarka guud ee guud ee Falastiin (GDP) ayaa hoos u dhacay 35% rubuci hore ee 2024, sababtoo ah dagaalka ka socda Gaza, Xafiiska Dhexe ee Tirakoobka Falastiin (PCBS) ayaa sheegay. Waxaa jiray farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya Daanta Galbeed, kaas oo arkay hoos u dhac 25% ah iyo Marinka Gaza, tiradu waa 86% iyada oo uu socdo dagaalka. Qaybta wax soo saarka ayaa hoos u dhacday 29% ee Daanta Galbeed iyo 95% ee Gaza, halka qaybta dhismuhu hoos u dhacday 42% ee Daanta Galbeed oo asal ahaan ku burburtay Gaza, iyada oo 99% hoos u dhacday. ===Beeraha=== Ka dib markii Israa'iil ay qabsatay Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Qaza 1967-dii, beeralayda falastiiniyiinta waxaa soo gaaray dib u dhac weyn. Wax ku biirinta waaxdu ee GDP ayaa hoos u dhacday, xooggii shaqaale ee beeralaydana wuu yaraaday. Meelaha la beero ee Daanta Galbeed ayaa si joogto ah hoos ugu dhacay tan iyo 1967. Beeralayda Falastiiniyiinta ayaa caqabad ku ah suuqgeynta iyo qaybinta alaabtooda, xayiraadaha Israel ee isticmaalka biyaha ayaa si weyn u saameeyay beeraha Falastiiniyiinta. In ka badan 85% biyaha falastiiniyiinta ee ka yimaada daanta galbeed waxaa adeegsata Israel, falastiiniyiintana waxaa loo diiday inay helaan kheyraadka biyaha ee webiyada Urdun iyo Yarmuuk. Qaza, biyo-mareenada xeebta waxay la il daran tahay soo gelitaanka biyaha cusbada. Xayiraadaha Israel ayaa xaddiday waraabka dhulka falastiiniyiinta, iyadoo kaliya 6% dhulka Daanta Galbeed ee ay falastiiniyiintu beeran yihiin la waraabiyo, halka dadka Israa’iil degan ay waraabiyaan qiyaastii 70% dhulkooda. Dagaalkii Khaliijka ee 1991 wuxuu saameyn ba'an ku yeeshay beeralayda falastiiniyiinta, maadaama inta badan loo dhoofiyo wadamada Khaliijka Carabta. Dhoofinta Falastiiniyiinta ee Wadamada Khaliijka ayaa hoos u dhacay 14% natiijada dagaalka, taasoo keentay saameyn dhaqaale oo weyn. ===Biyo-helidda iyo nadaafadda=== Biyo gelinta iyo fayadhowrka dhulka falastiiniyiinta waxaa lagu gartaa biyo la’aan aad u daran waxaana saameyn weyn ku leh gumeysiga Israel. Khayraadka biyaha ee Falastiin waxaa qayb ahaan gacanta ku haya Israa'iil sababtoo ah qayb ahaan kakanaanta taariikheed iyo juquraafi ahaaneed iyadoo Israa'iil ay siisay madaxbannaani qaybeed 2017 . Israa'iil waxay siisaa dhulalka falastiiniyiinta biyaha sahaydeeda biyaha iyo sahayda biyaha sasarka leh, 2012 oo bixisa 52 MCM . Guud ahaan, tayada biyuhu aad bay uga xun yihiin Marinka Gaza marka la barbar dhigo Daanta Galbeed. Qiyaastii saddex meelood meel meel ka mid ah biyaha la geeyey dhulka falastiiniyiinta ayaa ku lumay shabakada qaybinta . Go’doominta joogtada ah ee marinka Qaza iyo dagaalka Gaza ayaa sababay burbur xooggan oo soo gaaray kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha ee marinka Qaza. Ku saabsan biyaha wasakhda ah, dhirta daaweynta ee hadda jirta ma laha awood ay ku daaweeyaan dhammaan biyaha wasakhda ah ee la soo saaro, taasoo keenta wasakhowga biyaha daran. Horumarinta qaybta aad ayey ugu xidhan tahay maalgelinta dibadda. ===Wax-soo-saarka=== Qaybaha wax soo saarka ee Falastiin waxaa ka mid ah dunta, habaynta cuntada, dawooyinka, qalabka dhismaha, alaabta guriga, alaabta caaga ah, dhagaxa, iyo elektarooniga. Alaabooyinka xusidda mudan waxaa ka mid ah dharka, saliidda saytuunka, caanaha, alaabta guriga, ceramics, iyo qalabka dhismaha. Kahor Intifada Labaad, Falastiin waxay lahayd saldhig warshadeed oo xoog leh oo ku yaal Jerusalem iyo Gaza. Caqabadaha laga taagay Daanta Galbeed ayaa ka dhigay dhaqdhaqaaq adag; go’doominta marinka Qaza ayaa si weyn u saamaysay xaaladda dhaqaale ee dhulka. Laga bilaabo 2023 , sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha , waaxda wax soo saarka ayaa la filayaa inay koraan 2.5% ayna abuuraan 79,000 shaqo lixda sano ee soo socota. Falastiin waxay inta badan dhoofisaa alaabta dhagaxa ah (limestone, marble - 13.3%), alaabta guriga (11.7%), balaastikada (10.2%) iyo birta iyo birta (9.1%). Badeecadahaas intooda badan waxaa loo dhoofiyaa Jordan, Maraykanka, Israa'iil iyo Masar. Hebron waa magaalada ugu horumarsan dhanka warshadaha ee gobolka waxayna u adeegtaa sidii xudunta dhoofinta wax soo saarka Falastiin. In ka badan 40% dhaqaalaha qaranka ayaa soo saara halkaas. Madbacada ugu horumarsan Bariga Dhexe waa Xebroon. Dhagaxyo badan ayaa ku yaal gobolka ku xeeran. Kaydadka Silikoon ayaa laga helay dhulka Gaza. Dhagaxa Jerusalem, oo laga soo saaray Daanta Galbeed, ayaa loo isticmaalay dhismayaal badan oo ku yaala Jerusalem. Hebron waxa aad loogu yaqaanaa wax-soo-saarka dhalada. Nablus waxaa lagu xusay saabuunteeda Nablus . Qaar ka mid ah shirkadaha ka shaqeeya dhulka Falastiin waxaa ka mid ah Siniora Foods , Sinokrot Industries , Schneider Electric , PepsiCo iyo Coca-Cola . Dadaalada nabadeed ee dhaqaalaha Israel-Falastiin waxay keeneen dhowr hindise, sida Dooxada Nabadda iyo Jebinta Impasse , kuwaas oo kor u qaadaya mashaariicda warshadaha ee u dhexeeya Israel, Falastiin iyo dalalka kale ee Carabta, iyada oo ujeedadu tahay horumarinta nabadda iyo soo afjarida colaadda. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah jardiinooyin warshadeed oo wadajir ah oo laga furay Falastiin. Maamulka Falastiin ayaa magaalooyin warshadeed ka dhisay Gaza, Beytlaxam, Jericho, Jenin iyo Hebron. Qaarkood waxay iskaashi wadajir ah la leeyihiin wadamada Yurub ===Tamarta=== [[File:Solar_Plant_in_Jericho.jpg|thumb|Warshada qorraxda ee Jeriko]] Falastiin ma soo saarto saliid iyo gaas u gaar ah. Laakiin sida laga soo xigtay warbixinnada Qaramada Midoobay, " kaydka saliidda iyo gaasta ee baaxadda leh" ayaa ku yaal dhulka Falastiiniyiinta. Xaalada colaadeed ee ay ku sugan tahay awgeed, tamarta iyo shidaalka ugu badan ee Falastiin waxaa laga keenaa Israa’iil iyo dhammaan dalalka kale ee dariska ah sida Masar, Urdun iyo Sucuudiga. Sannadkii 2012, korontada laga heli karo Daanta Galbeed iyo Gaza waxay ahayd 5,370 GW-saac (3,700 ee Daanta Galbeed iyo 1,670 ee Gaza), halka isticmaalka sannadlaha ah ee qof kasta oo koronto ah (ka dib markii laga jaray khasaaraha gudbinta) uu ahaa 950 kWh. Warshada Korontada ee Qaza waa warshadda tamarta kaliya ee ku taal marinka Gaza. Waxaa iska leh Shirkadda Korontada ee Gaza (GPGC), oo hoos timaada Shirkadda Korontada ee Falastiin (PEC). Shirkadda Korontada Degmada Jerusalem , oo hoos timaada PEC, waxay siisaa koronto dadka Falastiiniyiinta ah ee deggan Yeruusaalem. Saraakiisha dawladda ayaa si isa soo taraysa diiradda u saaray tamarta qorraxda si loo yareeyo ku tiirsanaanta Israel ee tamarta. Sanduuqa Maalgelinta Falastiin ayaa bilaabay "Noor Palestine", mashruuc ujeedadiisu tahay in lagu bixiyo awoodda Falastiin. Qudra Energy, oo ay iska kaashadeen Bank of Falastiin iyo NAPCO ayaa aasaasay warshado koronto qoraxda oo dhan Jammala , Nablus, Birzeit iyo Ramallah. Sannadkii 2019, ee ololaha Noor Palestine, warshaddii ugu horreysay ee tamarta qoraxda iyo beerta qorraxda ayaa laga furay Jenin. Laba jardiinooyin kale oo cadceedda ayaa loo qorsheeyay Jeriko iyo Tubas. Warshad koronto oo cadceedda cusub ayaa laga dhisayaa xarunta Abu Dis ee Jaamacadda Al-Quds , taas oo loogu adeegayo Falastiiniyiinta Qudus. ===Saliid iyo gaas=== Falastiin waxa ay haysataa kayd shidaal iyo gaas oo baaxad leh. [ 243 ] In ka badan 3 bilyan oo fuusto (480,000,000 m 3 ) oo saliid ah ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ka jiraan xeebaha iyo dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee la haysto. Levant Basin waxa ay haysaa ilaa 1.7 bilyan fuusto (270,000,000 m 3 ) oo saliid ah, oo leh 1.5 bilyan oo foosto (240,000,000 m 3 ) oo ka hooseysa dhulka la haysto ee Daanta Galbeed. [ 244] Around 2 billion barrels (320,000,000 m3) of oil reserves are believed to exist in shore of the Gaza Strip.[244][245] According to a report by the UNCTAD, around 1,250 billion barrels (1.99×1011 m3) of oil reserves are in the occupied Palestinian territory of the West Bank, probably the Meged oil field. As per the Palestinian Authority, 80% of this oil field falls under the lands owned by Palestinians. Masadder, oo ah qayb ka mid ah Sanduuqa Maalgelinta Falastiin ayaa horumarinaya saliidda ee Daanta Galbeed. [ 245 ] Goobta Block-1, oo ku fidsan dhul dhan 432 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (167 sq mi) waqooyi-galbeed Ramallah ilaa Qalqilya ee Falastiin, waxay leedahay awood la taaban karo oo laga heli karo kheyraadka hydrocarbon . Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in ay haysato P90 (heerka hubaal) ee 0.03 bilyan fuusto (4,800,000 m 3 ) saliid dib loo soo celin karo iyo 6,000,000,000 cubic feet (170,000,000 m 3 ) oo ah gaas la soo kaban karo. Kharashka ku baxaya horumarinta beertan ayaa lagu qiyaasay $390 milyan, waxaana lagu fulin doonaa heshiis wax-soo-saar la wadaago dawladda Falastiin . Waqtigan xaadirka ah, barnaamijka shaqo ee hore ee sahaminta ka hor ayaa socda si loogu diyaariyo naqshadaynta qorshaha sahaminta si loo ansixiyo, kaas oo ka hor marin doona horumarinta buuxda ee goobta. Gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Falastiin ayaa inta badan laga helaa Marinka Gaza. Marinka Gaza waa gaaska dabiiciga ah , oo ku yaal agagaarka 32 kiiloomitir (20 mi) xeebta dhulka ee xeebta Mediterranean. Waxay haysaa kayd gaas u dhexeeya 28 bilyan kuyuubik mitir (990 bilyan cubic feet) ilaa 32 bilyan cubic mitir (1.1 trillion cubic feet). Qiyaasahani waxay aad uga badan yihiin baahida dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee tamarta . Goobta gaaska waxaa helay kooxda British Gas Group 1999. Markii la helay gaaska, Yaasir Carafaat wuxuu ku ammaanay Yaasir Carafaat oo ah "Hadyad Eebbe". Iskaashiga gobolka ee u dhexeeya maamulka Falastiiniyiinta , Israel iyo Masar ayaa lagu saxiixay horumarinta beerta iyo Xamaas ayaa sidoo kale siisay ogolaansho maamulka Falastiin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo dagaalka ka socda Gaza , mashruucan ayaa dib loo dhigay ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:To_Hebron.jpg|thumb|Boodhadh luqado badan ku qoran oo ku yaal Gobolka Xebroon]] Laba garoon diyaaradeed oo Falastiiniyiin ah - Gegida Caalamiga ah ee Jerusalem iyo Gegida Caalamiga ah ee Gaza - ayay Israel burburisay sanadihii hore ee intifada labaad. Tan iyo markaas ma jirin garoon diyaaradeed oo ka shaqeeya dalka. Falastiiniyiintu waxay ku safri jireen garoomada diyaaradaha ee Israel – Ben Gurion Airport iyo Ramon Airport – iyo madaarka caalamiga ah ee Queen Alia ee Amman , caasimadda Jordan. Soo jeedin badan ayaa laga soo jeediyay dowladda iyo hay’adaha gaarka ah si loo dhiso garoomada diyaaradaha ee dalka. Sanadkii 2021, soo jeedintii ugu dambeysay waxaa sameeyay dowladda Falastiin iyo dowladda Israa’iil labadaba si dib loogu horumariyo Gegida diyaaradaha ee Qalandia si uu u noqdo garoon caalami ah oo ay wadaagaan Israa’iiliyiinta iyo Falastiiniyiinta. Marinka Qaza waa gobolka kaliya ee xeebta ah ee Falastiin, halkaas oo ay ku taal Dekedda Gaza . Waxay ku jirtaa go'doomin dhinaca badda ah oo ay Israa'iil ku hayso, tan iyo markii ay dhulkaas go'doomisay. Sanadihii Oslo, dawladda Falastiin waxay iskaashi la samaysay Nederland iyo Faransiiska si ay u dhistaan ​​deked caalami ah laakiin mashruuca waa laga tagay. Sannadkii 2021, ra'iisul wasaarihii Israa'iil Naftali Bennett ayaa bilaabay mashruuc horumarineed oo Gaza ah, kaas oo ay ku jirto deked. ===Dalxiiska=== [[File:Gaza_by_Mujaddara_-_panoramio_(3400).jpg|thumb|Al Mashtal Hotel ee Gaza, ka hor dagaalkii Gaza]] [[File:Jerusalem_Dome_of_the_rock_BW_14.JPG|thumb|Quddus waxay quduus u tahay saddexda diimood ee ugu waaweyn adduunka - Masiixiyadda, Islaamka iyo Yuhuudda, iyo sidoo kale Mandaeism.]] Dalxiiska dalka waxaa loola jeedaa dalxiiska ee Bariga Jerusalem, Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza. Sanadkii 2010, 4.6 milyan oo qof ayaa booqday dhulka Falastiin, marka la barbar dhigo 2.6 milyan sanadkii 2009. Tiradaas, 2.2 milyan ayaa ahaa dalxiisayaal ajnabi ah, halka 2.7 milyan ay ahaayeen gudaha. Dalxiisayaasha intooda badani waxay yimaadaan saacado yar oo keliya ama qayb ka mid ah safarka maalinlaha ah. Rubucii u dambeeyay ee 2012 in ka badan 150,000 oo marti ah ayaa joogay huteelada Daanta Galbeed. 40% waxay ahaayeen Yurub halka 9% ay ka yimaadeen Maraykanka iyo Kanada. Hagaha safarka ee Lonely Planet wuxuu qoray in "Daanta Galbeedku maaha meesha ugu fudud ee lagu safro laakiin dadaalka ayaa lagu abaalmariyey." Goobaha xurmada leh sida gidaarka galbeed , Kaniisada Quddus Quddus , iyo Masjidka Al-Aqsa ayaa sanad walba soo jiitaan xujey iyo booqde aan tiro lahayn Sannadkii 2013, wasiirka dalxiiska ee maamulka Falastiin Rula Ma'ay'a ayaa sheegtay in dawladeeda ay doonayso inay dhiirigeliso booqashooyinka caalamiga ah ee Falastiin, laakiin qabsashadu waa qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee ka hortagaya waaxda dalxiiska inay noqoto il dhaqaale oo weyn oo Falastiiniyiinta. Ma jiraan wax shuruudo fiisooyin ah oo lagu soo rogay muwaadiniinta ajnabiga ah marka laga reebo kuwa ay soo rogtay siyaasadda fiisaha ee Israa'iil. Gelitaanka Qudus, Daanta Galbeed, iyo Qaza waxaa si buuxda u maamula dawladda Israa'iil . Gelitaanka dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee la haysto wuxuu u baahan yahay oo keliya baasaboor caalami ah oo sax ah . Dalxiiska ayaa inta badan xuddun u ah Yeruusaalem iyo Beytlaxam hareeraheeda. Jericho waa goob dalxiis oo caan ah oo loogu talagalay Falastiiniyiinta maxalliga ah. ===Isgaarsiinta=== Falastiin waxa loo yaqaan "Silicon Valley of NGOs". Warshadaha farsamada sare ee Falastiin, waxay la kulmeen koboc wanaagsan tan iyo 2008. Sannadkii 2020, Xafiiska Dhexe ee Tirakoobka Falastiin (PCBS) iyo Wasaaradda Isgaarsiinta iyo Teknolojiyada ayaa sheegay in Falastiiniyiinta ay joogeen 4.2 milyan oo macaamiil mobilada ah marka la barbar dhigo 2.6 milyan dhamaadka 2010. ee 2019, laga bilaabo 119 kun isla muddadaas. Sanadka 2020, 97% qoysaska falastiiniyiintu waxay lahaayeen ugu yaraan hal khad mobilka gacanta ah. Ugu yaraan hal taleefan oo casriga ah waxaa iska leh 86% qoysaska (91% Daanta Galbeed iyo 78% ee Marinka Gaza). Qiyaastii 80% qoysaska reer Falastiin waxay heli karaan internetka guryahooda halka saddex meelood meel ay haystaan ​​kombuyuutar. Bishii Juun 2020, Bangiga Adduunka ayaa ansixiyay $ 15 milyan deeq ah Mashruuca Teknolojiyadda Dhallinyarada iyo Shaqooyinka ( TechStart ) ee ujeeddadiisu tahay in lagu caawiyo waaxda IT-ga Falastiiniyiinta kor u qaadista awoodda shirkadaha iyo abuurista shaqooyin tayo sare leh. Kanthan Shankar, Agaasimaha Bangiga Adduunka ee Daanta Galbeed iyo Gaza ayaa sheegay in waaxda IT ay awood u leedahay inay gacan xooggan ka geysato kobaca dhaqaalaha. Waxay siin kartaa fursado dhalinyarada Falastiiniyiinta, kuwaas oo ka kooban 30% dadweynaha oo ay haysato shaqo la'aan ba'an. ===Adeegyada maaliyadeed=== [[File:Palestine_Islamic_Bank,_Salfit_01.jpg|thumb|Bangi ku yaal Salfit]] Maamulka Lacagta ee Falastiin ayaa soo saaray hab-raacyo loogu talagalay hawlgalka iyo bixinta adeegyada lacag-bixinta elegtarooniga ah oo ay ku jiraan jeebka elektaroonigga ah iyo kaararka prepaid-ka ah. Hab -maamuuska Xidhiidhka Dhaqaalaha , oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano hab-maamuuska Paris waxaa kala saxeexday PLO iyo Israel, kaas oo ka mamnuucaya maamulka Falastiiniyiinta inay yeeshaan lacag u gaar ah. Heshiiskani waxa uu u gogol xaarayey in dawladdu ay qaaddo cashuuraha. Kahor 1994, dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee la haysto waxay lahaayeen ikhtiyaaro bangi oo xadidan, iyadoo Falastiiniyiintu ay ka fogaanayeen bangiyada Israel . Tani waxay keentay gobol aan bangi lahayn iyo dhaqaale ku salaysan lacag caddaan ah . Hadda, waxaa jira bangiyada 14 ee ka shaqeeya Falastiin, oo ay ku jiraan bangiyada Falastiin, Jordan iyo Masar, marka la barbardhigo 21 ee 2000 . Debaajiga bangiyada Falastiin waxay arkeen kobac weyn, oo ka kordhay US $ 1.2 bilyan 2007 ilaa US $ 6.9 ee 2018, oo u dhiganta 475% korodhka. Qaybta bangiyada ayaa muujisay heerarka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee la taaban karo ee dhigaalka iyo faylalka amaahda, oo dhaaftay celceliska caalamiga ah. Isku darka tas - hiilaadka amaahda ee ay bixiyeen dhammaan bangiyada 31 December 2018, ayaa gaadhay US$8.4 bilyan, taasoo muujinaysa koror laxaad leh oo boqolkiiba 492 ah marka la barbar dhigo US $ 1.42 bilyan ee 2007. US$5.02 bilyan, taasoo ka dhigan 61 boqolkiiba wadarta deymaha. Tani waxay muujinaysaa koror cajiib ah oo 737 ah oo u dhexeeya 2007 iyo 2018. Hadda, bangiyada diiwaangashan ee Falastiiniyiinta waxay hayaan 57 boqolkiiba dhigaalka macaamiisha waxayna bixiyaan 61 boqolkiiba deynta, marka la barbardhigo 26 boqolkiiba dhigaalka iyo 42 boqolkiiba deynta 2007. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Marka loo eego Xafiiska Tirakoobka Dhexe ee Falastiin (PCBS), laga bilaabo 26 Maajo 2021, Dawladda Falastiin 2021 badhtamaha sannadka dadku waa 5,227,193. Ala Owad, madaxweynaha PCBS, ayaa lagu qiyaasey dad gaaraya 5.3 milyan dhamaadka sanadka, 2021. Gudaha aagga 6,020 kiiloomitir laba jibaaran (2,320 sq mi ), waxaa jira cufnaanta dadweynaha ee ku saabsan 827 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran. Si loo dhigo tan si guud, celceliska cufnaanta dadweynaha ee adduunka waxay ahayd 25 qof halkii kiiloomitir laba jibaaran 2017. Kala bar dadka reer Falastiin waxay ku nool yihiin qurbaha , ama waa qaxooti . Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay in ay ku jirto xaalad colaadeed oo ay la leedahay Israa'iil, dagaalladii xigay waxay keeneen barokac baahsan oo Falastiiniyiin ah , oo loo yaqaan Nakba ama Naksa . Dagaalkii 1948 , ku dhawaad ​​700,000 oo falastiiniyiin ah ayaa laga saaray . Intooda badan waxa ay magangalyo ka raadsadaan dalalka deriska la ah Carabta sida Urdun, Ciraaq, Lubnaan iyo Masar, halka kuwa kalena ay ku nool yihiin sida dibad-bax ku nool Sucuudiga, Qatar, Cumaan iyo Kuwait. Tiro badan oo Falastiiniyiin ah ayaa ku sugan Maraykanka, Boqortooyada Ingiriiska iyo Yurub inteeda kale ===Diinta=== Dalku waxa uu caan ku ahaa muhiimadda diineed iyo meelo badan oo barakeysan, iyadoo diintu ay door muhiim ah ka qaadatay qaabaynta bulshada iyo dhaqanka dalka. Dhaqan ahaan waa qayb ka mid ah Dhulka Quduuska ah , kaas oo loo tixgeliyo dhul muqadas ah diimaha Ibraahim iyo sidoo kale diimaha kale. Sharciga aasaasiga ah wuxuu dhigayaa in Islaamku yahay diinta rasmiga ah laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu bixiyaa xorriyadda diinta, isagoo ku baaqaya in la ixtiraamo diimaha kale. Diimaha laga tirada badan yahay ayaa wakiil ka ah sharci-dejinta Maamulka Qaranka Falastiin. 98% falastiiniyiintu waa Muslim , kuwaas oo intooda badan ay yihiin kuwa raacsan laanta Islaamka Sunniga iyo tiro yar oo Axmadiya . 15% waa muslimiin aan magac-raac ahayn . Masiixiyiinta Falastiin waxay matalaan tiro aad u tiro yar oo ah 1%, oo ay ku xigto bulshooyin diimeed oo aad u yaryar , oo ay ku jiraan Baha'is iyo Samaritans . Tirada ugu badan ee Masiixiyiintu waxay ku sugan yihiin Beytlaxam , Beit Sahour , iyo Beit Jala oo ku taal Daanta Galbeed, iyo sidoo kale marinka Gaza. Diin ahaan, Masiixiyiinta Falastiiniyiinta intooda badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin Kaniisadaha Ortodokska Bari ama Oriental Ortodokska , oo ay ku jiraan Kaniisadda Ortodokska ee Giriiga , Kaniisadda Rasuullada ee Armenia , iyo Kaniisadda Ortodokska Suuriya . Waxaa jira koox muhiim ah oo Roman Catholics ah , Catholics Greek ( Melkites ), iyo diimaha Protestant . Dadka ku nool 350 qof, reer Samaariya waxay aad isugu urursadeen agagaarka Buurta Gerizim . Isku ekaanshaha u dhexeeya Samaritanism iyo yuhuudda awgeed , Samaritanka waxaa badanaa loogu yeeraa "Yuhuudda Falastiin". PLO waxay u aragtaa Yuhuuda inay yihiin Falastiiniyiin , kuwaas oo ku noolaa gobolka si nabad ah ka hor sarakicida Sionism. Shakhsiyaadka qaarkood, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo horjeeda Sahyuuniyiinta, waxay isu haystaan ​​Yuhuud Falastiiniyiin ah, sida Ilan Halevi iyo Uri Davis . Qiyaastii 600,000 oo Israa'iil ah, oo u badan Yuhuud, ayaa ku nool degsiimooyinka Israa'iil , sharci-darro ah marka loo eego sharciga caalamiga ah, oo dhan Daanta Galbeed. Sunagogga Jericho , oo ku yaal Jericho waa sunagogga kaliya ee ay maamusho Maamulka Falastiin. ===Goobaha Quduuska ah ee Falastiin=== [[File:Al-Aqsa is a silver-domed mosque inside a 35-acre compound referred to as al-Haram al-Sharif by Muslims in the Old City of Jerusalem, A UNESCO world heritage site. It is considered as 3rd most holy site in Islam. (6).jpg|thumb|Qudus waa hoyga Masjidka Al-Aqsa oo ah goobta 3aad ee ugu barakeysan Islaamka]] [[File:Bethlehem-Nativity-140.jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Dhalashadu waa mid ka mid ah goobaha ugu muhiimsan ee Masiixiyiinta.]] [[File:Archaeological_site_Mount_Gerizim_IMG_2181.JPG|thumb|Buur Gerizim waa muqadas reer Samaariya]] [[File:PikiWiki_Israel_43143_Cave_of_the_Patriarchs.JPG|thumb|Godka Wadaadka waa goob barakeysan oo ay ku nool yihiin Yahuudda , Muslimiinta iyo Kiristaanka]] [[File:مقام النبي موسى في اريحا.jpg|thumb|Nabi Muuse waxa lagu tiriyaa inuu yahay " Qabriga Muuse " dhaqamada Islaamka.]] [[File:PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG|thumb|Sunagogga Jericho waxaa maamula maamulka Falastiiniyiinta .]] [[File:Sebastia-2-179.jpg|thumb|Masjidka Nabi Yahya waxa ku jira qabriga dhaqanka ee Yooxanaa Baabtiisaha .]] ===Luuqad=== [[File:Armenian_parade_in_Jerusalem_2018-04-07_(40611059614).jpg|thumb|Armaniyiinta Yeruusaalem]] Falastiiniyiinta asal ahaan waa Carab , waxayna ku hadlaan luqadda Carabiga . Jaaliyadaha Bedouin ee dhalashada Falastiin waxay ka kooban yihiin tiro yar oo ku nool Daanta Galbeed, gaar ahaan agagaarka Hebron Hills iyo miyiga Yeruusaalem. Laga bilaabo 2013, qiyaastii 40,000 Bedouins ayaa degan Daanta Galbeed iyo 5,000 Bedouins waxay ku nool yihiin Marinka Gaza. Jahalin iyo Ta'amireh waa laba qabiil oo reer Baadiyaha ah oo dalka ku nool. Tiro badan oo ka mid ah qowmiyadaha aan Carabta ahayn ayaa sidoo kale ku nool dalka, iyada oo xubnahooda ay haystaan ​​sidoo kale dhalashada Falastiin. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah kooxaha Kurdiyiinta , Nawar , Assyrians , Romani , Druze , Afrikaan , Dom , Ruush , Turki iyo Armenian . Inta badan bulshooyinka aan Carabta ahayn ee Falastiin waxay deggan yihiin hareeraha Jerusalem . Qiyaastii 5,000 oo Ashuur ah ayaa ku nool Falastiin, inta badan magaalooyinka barakeysan ee Yeruusaalem iyo Beytlaxam . Dad lagu qiyaasay inta u dhaxaysa 200 iyo 450 Afrikaan madow, oo loo yaqaan Afro-Falastiin , ayaa ku nool Yeruusaalem. Beel yar oo Kurdiyiin ah ayaa deggan Xebroon . Nawar waa bulsho yar oo Dom iyo Romani ah , oo ku nool Yeruusaalem, kuwaas oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Hindiya . Qurba -joogta Ruushka ayaa sidoo kale laga helaa Falastiin, gaar ahaan Xarunta Ruushka ee Jerusalem iyo Hebron . Intooda badani waa Masiixiyiin ka tirsan Kaniisadda Ortodokska ee Ruushka . 2022, qiyaasta qiyaastii 5,000-6,000 Armenian ayaa ku noolaa guud ahaan Israa'iil iyo Falastiin , kuwaas oo ku dhawaad ​​​​1,000 Armeeniyiin ah ay ku noolaayeen Yeruusaalem ( Quarter Armenian ) inta kalena waxay ku noolaayeen Beytlaxam. Laga soo bilaabo 1987, 400,000 ilaa 500,000 oo Turki ah ayaa ku nool Falastiin . Sababo la xiriira dagaaladii sokeeye ee 1947-1949 , qoysas badan oo Turki ah ayaa ka qaxay gobolka waxayna degeen Urdun , Suuriya iyo Lubnaan . Sida laga soo xigtay wargayska 2022 ee Al Monitor , qoysas badan oo asal ahaan Turki ah oo ku nool Gaza ayaa u haajiray Turkiga sababtoo ah "xaaladda dhaqaale ee sii xumaanaysa ee go'doominta". [ 305 ] Dadka laga tirada badan yahay ee dalka ayaa sidoo kale lagu soo rogay qabsasho iyo xannibaadyo Israel ===Waxbarashada=== [[File:Wikipedia_education_program_birzeit_university_2016_ceremoney_15.jpg|thumb|Ardayda Jaamacadda Birzeit]] [[File:IUG_administration_building.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha maamulka Jaamacadda Islaamiga ee Gaza]] Heerka wax-akhris ee Falastiin wuxuu ahaa 96.3% sida lagu sheegay warbixin 2014 ah oo ay soo saartay Barnaamijka Horumarinta ee Qaramada Midoobay , taas oo heer sare ah marka loo eego heerarka caalamiga ah. Waxaa jira farqi jinsi oo dadka da'doodu ka sarreyso 15 iyadoo 5.9% haweenka loo arko kuwo aan waxna akhriyin marka la barbardhigo 1.6% ragga. Wax-akhris la'aanta haweenka ayaa hoos uga dhacday 20.3% 1997 ilaa in ka yar 6% 2014. Gobolka Falastiin, Marinka Gaza ayaa leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee wax-akhris. Sida laga soo xigtay blog-saxaafadeed ee Jaamacadda Columbia , Falastiiniyiintu waa qaxootiga ugu aqoonta badan. Nidaamka waxbarasho ee Falastiin wuxuu ka kooban yahay Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza labadaba, waxaana maamula Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Tacliinta Sare . Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah ee Falastiin waxaa ka mid ah dugsiga hoose (fasalada 1-4) iyo dugsiga diyaarinta (fasalada 5-10). Waxbarashada dugsiga sare waxay ka kooban tahay waxbarashada guud ee dugsiga sare (fasalada 11-12) iyo waxbarashada farsamada gacanta. Manhajka waxaa ku jira maaddooyin sida Carabi, Ingiriisi, xisaab, saynis, cilmiga bulshada, iyo jirdhiska. Cilmi-baarista diinta Islaamka iyo Masiixiga ayaa sidoo kale qayb ka ah manhajka sida ay sheegtay wasaaradda waxbarashadu. Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Qasa waxay wada leeyihiin 14 jaamacadood, 18 kulliyadood oo jaamacadeed, 20 kulliyadood oo bulshada ah, iyo dugsiyada 3,000. Jaamacadda Umadda ee An-Najah oo ku taal Nablus waa jaamacadda ugu weyn dalka, waxaa ku xiga Jaamacadda Al-Qudus ee Qudus iyo Jaamacadda Birzeit oo ku taal Birzeit oo u dhow Ramallah. Jaamacadda Al-Quds waxay ku guulaysatay qiimaynta 5-xiddigaha tayada tayada , waxaana lagu naanaysaa "jaamacadda ugu mas'uulka ah bulsho ahaan dunida Carabta ". Sannadkii 2018, Jaamacadda Birzeit waxaa lagu qiimeeyay mid ka mid ah 2.7% ugu sarreeya jaamacadaha adduunka oo dhan daabacaadda 2019 ee Qiimaynta Jaamacadda Adduunka ===Caafimaadka=== [[File:Beit Jala Hospital 002.jpg|thumb|Isbitaal ku yaal Beytlaxam]] Sida laga soo xigtay Wasaaradda Caafimaadka Falastiiniyiinta (MOH), laga bilaabo 2017, waxaa jiray 743 xarumaha daryeelka caafimaadka aasaasiga ah ee Falastiin (583 ee Daanta Galbeed iyo 160 ee Gaza), iyo 81 isbitaallada (51 ee Daanta Galbeed, oo ay ku jiraan Bariga Jerusalem, iyo 30 ee Gaza). Cisbitaalka ugu weyn Daanta Galbeed waxa uu ku yaala Nablus, halka Al-Shifa Hospital uu ku yaalo Marinka Gaza. Ka shaqaynta hoos imanaysa Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka (WHO), Kooxda Caafimaadka ee dhulka Falastiiniyiinta la haysto (oPt) waxaa la aasaasay 2009 oo ka dhigan iskaashi ka badan 70 ururada maxaliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee aan dawliga ahayn iyo hay'adaha Qaramada Midoobay oo bixiya qaab loogu talagalay jilayaasha caafimaadka ee ku lug leh jawaabta bini'aadantinimo ee oPt. Kooxda waxaa wada guddoominaya MOH si loo hubiyo in la waafajiyo siyaasadaha iyo qorshayaasha qaranka. Warbixinta Agaasimaha Guud ee WHO ee 1 May 2019 waxay qeexaysaa xaaladaha waaxda caafimaadka ee oPt ee tilmaamaya mudnaanta istaraatiijiga ah iyo caqabadaha hadda jira ee ku wajahan guulahooda iyada oo la raacayo istaraatiijiyadda iskaashiga dalka ee WHO iyo Dhulka Falastiiniyiinta ee la haysto 2017-2020. ==Dhaqanka== [[File:Streets_of_Jerusalem_by_night_029_-_Aug_2011.jpg|thumb|Waddooyinka Magaalada Qadiimiga ah, Quddus Habeenkii Ramadaanta]] Falastiiniyiinta asal ahaan iyo luqad ahaanba waxaa lagu tiriyaa inay ka mid yihiin dunida Carabta. Dhaqanka Falastiin ayaa saameyn culus ku yeeshay diinta, farshaxanka, suugaanta, qaab dhismeedka isboortiga, iyo shineemo. UNESCO waxay aqoonsatay dhaqanka Falastiiniyiinta. Bandhiga Falastin ee Suugaanta ( PalFest ) waxay isu keentaa qorayaasha Falastiiniyiinta iyo kuwa caalamiga ah, fannaaniinta, iyo fannaaniinta dabaaldega suugaanta iyo dhaqanka. Bandhiga Maalmaha Shineemooyinka Falastiin ee sanadlaha ah ayaa soo bandhiga filimada Falastiiniyiinta iyo filim sameeyayaasha. Dhaqanka Falastiin waa isku-dhafka caadooyinka asaliga ah, caadooyinka Carabta, iyo dhaxalka boqortooyooyinkii kala duwanaa ee xukumay gobolka. Dhulka falastiin waxa uu goob joog ka ahaa xadaarado qadiimi ah sida Kancaaniyiinta, Falastiiniyiinta iyo Israa’iiliyiinta, mid walbana waxa uu wax ku soo kordhinayaa dhaqankiisa. Qabsashadii Carabtu ee qarnigii 7aad waxay keentay saamaynta Islaamka, taas oo tan iyo wakhtigaas laf dhabar u ahayd aqoonsiga Falastiin. Caadooyinka Islaamka, oo ay ku jiraan luqadda, farshaxanka, iyo naqshadaha, ayaa dhaqanka galiyay astaamo kala duwan. Muujinta dhaqanka Falastiin waxay inta badan u adeegtaa qaab iska caabin ah oo ka dhan ah shaqada iyo dulmiga. Farshaxanka waddooyinka, sida shaqada Banksy ee Beytlaxam, iyo bandhig faneedka Falastiiniyiinta ee sannadlaha ah, Al-Mahatta, ayaa ah tusaalayaal caabbintan dhaqameed. Magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Jerusalem, oo leh goobaheedii diimeed sida gidaarka Galbeed , Masjidka Al-Aqsa , iyo Kaniisadda Qudduuska Qudduuska ah , waxay haysaa muhiimad dhaqameed iyo taariikheed oo baaxad leh. Goobaha kale ee dhaqameed ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah magaalada qadiimiga ah ee Yerixoo, goobta qadiimiga ah ee Sebastia , iyo magaalada Beytlaxam . Tiro badan oo xarumo dhaqameed ayaa laga helaa dalka oo dhan, ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn. 2009, Yeruusaalem waxaa loo magacaabay inay noqoto Caasimadda Dhaqanka ee Carabta , Beytlaxamna waxay ka qayb qaadatay Caasimadda Dhaqanka ee Carabta 2020. ===Dhismaha=== [[File:IHM רוואבי - Wadina.jpeg|thumb|Rawabi waa hoyga ugu weyn ee amphitheater Roman ee Bariga Dhexe.]] Qaab dhismeedka Falastiin wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhaxal qani ah oo ka tarjumaya kala duwanaanshaha dhaqan iyo taariikheed ee gobolka. Taariikhda oo dhan, dhismaha Falastiiniyiinta waxaa saameeyay ilbaxnimooyin kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Islaamka , Byzantine , Crusader , iyo Ottoman .  Dhismaha dhaqameed ee Falastiiniyiinta waxaa lagu gartaa isticmaalka qalabka maxaliga ah sida dhagaxa iyo farsamooyinka dhismaha dhaqameed.  Qaabka qaabdhismeedku wuu ku kala duwan yahay gobollo kala duwan, oo leh astaamo muuqda oo ay ka mid yihiin albaabbada qadiimiga ah, qubanaha, iyo qaababka joomatari ee adag. Qaab dhismeedka Islaamku wuxuu ka tagay saameyn weyn dhismayaasha Falastiiniyiinta. Masaajidada , mowlacyada , iyo madarasadaha ayaa lagu soo bandhigay farshaxanno aad u qurux badan, oo leh tusaalooyin xusid mudan oo ay ka mid yihiin Masjidka Al-Aqsa ee Jerusalem iyo Masjidka weyn ee Nablus . Rawabi waa hoyga amphitheater-ka Roomaanka ee ugu weyn bariga dhexe iyo dunida carabta .  Falastiin waxay hoy u tahay dhowr dhisme oo Byzantine ah iyo Crusader.  Kaniisadda Qudduuska Qudduuska ah ee Yeruusaalem, taas oo dib u soo celinaysa qarnigii 4aad, waa goob muhiim ah oo xaj ah.  Qalcadda Crusader ee Krak des Chevaliers ee Golan Heights waa tusaale kale oo cajiib ah. Intii lagu jiray xilligii Cusmaaniyiinta, masaajidyo, daaro iyo dhismayaal dadweyne ayaa laga dhisay guud ahaan Falastiin. Halyeyga caanka ah ee Qubbada Dhagaxa ee Yeruusaalem waxa lagu sameeyay dib-u-habayn iyo dib-u-cusboonaysiin xilligii Cusmaaniyiinta, isaga oo soo bandhigay isku-dhafka Islaamka iyo walxaha dhismaha ee Byzantine.  Rasem Badran iyo Mohamed Hadid waa naqshad-yaqaan Falastiini ah oo caan ah.  Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, qaab dhismeedka casriga ah ayaa ka soo baxay Falastiin, isaga oo isku daraya waxyaabo dhaqameed oo leh naqshado casri ah. Matxafka Falastiiniyiinta ee Birzeit , oo uu naqshadeeyay Heneghan Peng Architects , ayaa tusaale u ah isku-dhafkan, oo ku daraya motifs maxalliga ah iyo habdhaqanka dhismaha ee waara. Xarunta Shirarka Caalamiga ah ee Beytlaxam, waa qaab dhismeed caan ah oo muujinaya qaab-dhismeedka Falastiiniyiinta ee casriga ah. Dhisme kale oo xusid mudan waa Tiyaatarka Qaranka Falastiin ee Yeruusaalem. Qaybaha qaab dhismeedka casriga ah waxaa laga heli karaa xarumaha dukaamaysiga, hoteelada raaxada, jardiinooyinka tignoolajiyada iyo dhismooyinka dhaadheer ee dhaadheer. Taawarka ganacsiga Falastiin ee Ramallah waa dhismaha ugu dheer Falastiin. ===Farshaxan, muusig, iyo dhar=== [[File:Mohamamd_Assaf.jpg|thumb|Maxamed Assad]] Muusigga dhaqameed ee Falastiin waxay si qoto dheer ugu xididaysan yihiin taariikhda iyo dhaqanka gobolka. Waxa ay ka kooban tahay qalab ay ka mid yihiin cuud (qalabka xadhkaha leh), qanuun (nooc ka mid ah xadhkaha) iyo qalabyada garaaca ee kala duwan. Heesaha hiddaha iyo dhaqanka waxay inta badan muujinayaan mawduucyada jacaylka, hilowga, iyo waayaha nolol maalmeedka. Fanaaniinta sida Mohammad Assaf , oo ku guulaystey tartanka Arab Idol, ayaa aqoonsi caalami ah ka helay qaab dhismeedka heesaha Falastiiniyiinta. Dabke waa qaab qoob-ka-ciyaarka falastiiniyiinta oo caan ah oo ay weheliso muusig Muusigga firfircoon ee laxanka leh waxaa lagu gartaa adeegsiga mijwiz (Flute cawsduur), tablah (durbaan), iyo sacabka qoob-ka-ciyaarka. Heesaha Dabke waxaa inta badan lagu qaadaa aroosyada, xafladaha, iyo munaasabadaha dhaqanka, taasoo kobcisa dareenka bulshada iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago. Muusigga pop-ga Falastiin ayaa caan ka helay sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, isaga oo isku daraya walxaha casriga ah ee saamaynta dhaqameed. Fanaaniinta sida Mohammed Assaf, Amal Murkus , iyo Rim Banna ayaa wax ku biiriyay goobta pop-ga ee casriga ah iyaga oo wata habab gaar ah iyo codad xoog leh. Heesahoodu waxay ka hadlayaan mawduucyada shakhsi ahaaneed iyo kuwa siyaasadeed labadaba, iyaga oo la falcelinaya Falastiiniyiinta iyo dhagaystayaasha adduunka oo dhan. [[File:Free_Palestine_-2_(53253567471).jpg|thumb|Caruurta falastiiniyiinta oo wata dhar dhaqameedkooda]] Hip-hop-ka falastiiniyiinta ayaa u soo baxday sidii dhexdhexaadin awood leh oo lagu muujinayo xaqiiqooyinka iyo halganka ay wajahayaan Falastiiniyiinta. Farshaxannada sida DAM, Shadia Mansour , iyo Tamer Nafar waxay heleen aqoonsi caalami ah oo ku saabsan ereyada miyir-qabka ah ee bulshada, iyaga oo ka hadlaya mawduucyada sida shaqada, aqoonsiga, iyo iska caabinta. Falastiin Hip-hop waxay u adeegtaa nooc ka mid ah caabbinta dhaqameed, kor u qaadida codadka dhalinyarada Falastiiniyiinta. Rim Banna waxay ahayd heesaa falastiiniyiin ah oo caan ku ahayd codadkeeda ethereal iyo sida ay ugu heelan tahay ilaalinta muusiga reer Falastiin. Reem Kelani , oo ah fannaanad Falastiini ah oo fadhigeedu yahay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, ayaa caan ku ah codkeeda xoogga badan iyo dib u tarjumiddeeda heesaha dhaqanka Falastiin. Dalal Abu Amneh waa heesaa iyo abwaan Falastiini ah oo caan ah ===Warbaahinta=== Waxaa jira tiro wargeysyo ah , wakaalado wararka iyo telefishinada Satellite-ka ee Falastiin . Wakaaladeeda wararka waxaa ka mid ah Wakaaladda Wararka Macaan , Wafa , iyo Shabakadda Wararka Falastiin. TV-ga Al-Aqsa , Al-Quds TV , iyo Sanabel TV ayaa ah kuwa ugu waaweyn ee baahiya satalaytka. ===Shineemo=== Soo saarista shineemo Falastiin waxay udub dhexaad u tahay Jerusalem, oo leh muuqaalo maxalli ah oo caan ah Ramallah, Beytlaxam, iyo Nablus. Makram Khoury , Mohammad Bakri , Hiam Abbass , iyo Amal Murkus ayaa u soo baxay waji caan ah shaleemada Falastiin intii lagu jiray 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii. Areen Omari , Valantina Abu Oqsa , Saleh Bakri , Tawfeek Barhom , iyo Ashraf Barhom waxa ay caan noqdeen bartamihii 1990-meeyadii, halka Leem Lubany iyo Clara Khoury ay heleen sumcad tan iyo 2000 . Maqnaanshaha (1996), Faragelinta Rabbaaniga ah (2002), Jannada Hadda (2005), Waqtiga Hadhay (2009), iyo Cumar (2013). Filim samaynta Documentary ayaa door weyn ka ciyaartay qabashada iyo diiwaan gelinta khibradda Falastiin. Filimada sida 5 Cameras jabay ee Emad Burnat iyo Guy Davidi ayaa helay amaano muhiim ah. Filim-sameeyayaasha Falastiin waxay inta badan la kulmaan caqabado gaar ah sababtoo ah xaaladda siyaasadeed ee gobolka, iyada oo filimo badan oo lagu sameeyay sharciyada iyo halganka shaqada. Bandhiga Filimada Falastiiniyiinta, oo sanad walba lagu qabto magaalooyin kala duwan oo adduunka ah, ayaa soo bandhiga shaleemada falastiiniyiinta waxayna siisaa madal loogu talagalay filim sameeyayaasha Falastiiniyiinta inay ku wadaagaan sheekadooda. ===Ciyaaraha=== [[File:East_Jerusalem_by_Mujaddara_-_panoramio_(3434).jpg|thumb|Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium oo ku yaala Al-Ram , Jerusalem]] Falastiin ayaa tan iyo sanadkii 1996-kii ka qeyb qaadaneysay Ciyaaraha Olombikada , iyadoo ciyaartooydu ay ku tartamayaan ciyaaro kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin ciyaaraha fudud, dabaasha, judo-ga iyo taekwondo-ga. Olimbikada Falastiin waxay u taagan yihiin qarankooda masraxa caalamiga ah. Dalku wuxuu xubin ka yahay guddiga Olombikada Adduunka. Kubadda cagta ka sokow, kubbadda koleyga, kubbadda gacanta, iyo kubbadda laliska ayaa sidoo kale ah ciyaaraha caanka ah ee Falastiin. Xiriirka Kubadda Koleyga ee Falastiiniyiinta iyo Xiriirka Kubadda Gacanta ee Falastiiniyiinta ayaa kormeera horumarinta iyo abaabulka ciyaarahan. Kubadda cagta (kubadda cagta) waa isboortiga ugu caansan Falastiin , oo leh kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka ee Falastiin oo matalaya gobolka kubbadda cagta caalamiga ah oo ay maamusho FIFA adduunka oo dhan. Koobka Falastiin waa tartanka ugu horeeya ee kubada cagta gudaha Falastiin. Waxay ka kooban tahay kooxo ka socda Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Qaza, guushana waxay u taagan tahay Falastiin koobka AFC . Garoonka caalamiga ah ee Faysal Al-Xuseeni , oo ku yaalla magaalada Qudus, ayaa u taagan sidii garoonka ugu weyn ee Falastiin. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii garoonkii kooxda kubbadda cagta qaranka. Garoomada kale ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Dora International Stadium ee Hebron, Garoonka Falastiin ee Gaza iyo Nablus Football Stadium ee Nablus. Mohammed Hamada waa miisaan-qaadihii ugu horreeyay ee Falastiin, kaasoo ku guuleystay dahab 2022 International Weightlifting Federation International Championship Junior World Championship ==Tixraac== [https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15670.doc.htm "Golaha Ammaanku wuu ku guul daraystay inuu soo jeediyo in Qaramada Midoobay ay si buuxda uga mid noqoto dawladda Falastiin, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay diidmada qayaxan ee Maraykanku] {{Wayback|url=https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15670.doc.htm |date=20240423110923 }} [https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/140699#:~:text=ActionAid%3A%20Conditions%20in%20Rafah%20at,over%20one%20million%20displaced%20people "ActionAid: Xaaladaha Rafah oo ah meesha burbursan, oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan hal milyan oo qof"] [https://www.npr.org/2024/05/24/g-s1-741/rafah-gaza-israel-hamas-war "Ku dhawaad ​​1 milyan oo falastiiniyiin ah ayaa ka qaxaya Rafah iyo waqooyiga Gaza"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/opt-west-bank-and-gaza-strip-population-census-2007-briefing OPT: Tirakoobka Dadweynaha ee Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza ee 2007] [https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf "Shaxda 3, Tirada dadka ee jinsiga, heerka korodhka dadweynaha ee sanadlaha ah, bedka dhulka iyo cufnaanta"] [https://www.ipcinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ipcinfo/docs/IPC_Gaza_Strip_Acute_Food_Insecurity_Malnutrition_July_Sept2025_Special_Snapshot.pdf "GAZA STRIP: Macaluul ayaa laga xaqiijiyey Gobolka Gaza, oo la saadaaliyey inay sii fidi doonto | 1 Luulyo - 30 Sebtembar 2025"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250220090442/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-special-committee-press-release-19nov24/ "Xasuus ayaa ka dhacaya indhahayaga hortooda: Taariikhdu ma cafin doonto waxqabad la'aantayada, Guddiga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ka digay warbixintii guddiga 4-aad ee Golaha Guud] [https://press.un.org/en/2024/gapal1473.doc.htm 'Waa Muhiim in Xasuuqa loogu yeero Xasuuq', Ka fiirso in la laalo aqoonsiga Israa'iil oo ah dal xubin ka ah Qaramada Midoobay, Khubaradu waxay u sheegeen Guddiga Xuquuqda Falastiin] {{Wayback|url=https://press.un.org/en/2024/gapal1473.doc.htm |date=20241105122046 }} [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-10-mn-33546-story.html Israa'iil iyo PLO, ee Bid Taariikhiga ah ee Nabadda, waxay ku heshiiyaan aqoonsiga labada dhinac: Mideast: Ka dib tobanaan sano oo colaad ah, heshiisku wuxuu hoosta ka xariiqayaa u diyaargarowga labada dhinac ee ah inay wada noolaadaan.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200844/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2005_fall/gaza.htm "Guddiyeyaashu waxay isku khilaafeen Xaaladda la wareegidda Gaza"] [https://apnews.com/article/palestinians-death-toll-war-health-ministry-816d592952814db869924f9626ca8876 In ka badan 60,000 oo Falastiiniyiin ah ayaa lagu dilay dagaalka 21-ka bilood ah ee Israel iyo Xamaas, sida ay sheegtay Wasaaradda Caafimaadka ee Gaza] [http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/CERD.C.ISR.CO.14-16.pdf Tixgelinta warbixinnada ay soo gudbiyaan xisbiyada Dawladdu sida waafaqsan qodobka 9 ee Axdiga] [https://www.un.org/unispal/document/oic-committee-of-six-on-palestine-considers-launching-global-action-to-support-the-rights-of-the-palestinian-people-and-end-the-occupation-press-release-non-un-document/ "Guddiga OIC ee Lixda Falastiin waxay tixgelinayaan bilaabista Tallaabo caalami ah si ay u taageeraan xuquuqda dadka Falastiiniyiinta iyo joojinta shaqada - War-saxaafadeed (Dukumenti aan UN-ka ahayn)"] [https://tamilnation.org/tamileelam/shankarrajee "Xiriir gaar ah la yeelo Madaxweynihii hore ee Falastiin Yaasir Carafaat] [https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=pr1083 "Xeer-ilaaliyaha Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Dambiyada, Fatou Bensouda, ayaa furaysa baaritaan horudhac ah oo ku saabsan xaaladda Falastiin"] [https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/225 Madax-bannaanida Joogtada ah ee dadka Falastiiniyiinta ah ee ku nool dhulka la haysto ee Falastiin, oo ay ku jirto Bariga Jerusalem, iyo dadka Carabta ah ee ku nool Golan Suuriya ee la haysto ee ku saabsan kheyraadkooda dabiiciga ah A/RES/70/225] [https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/ga11317.doc.htm "Qaramada Midoobay Golaha Guud ee Toddoba iyo Lixdan: Golaha Guud ee Guud, Kulamada 44aad & 45aad (PM & Habeenkii). GA/11317: Golaha Guud wuxuu si aqlabiyad ah ugu codeeyay in Falastiin 'Xaaladda Kormeerayaasha aan Xubin ka ahayn' ee Qaramada Midoobay"] [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-defies-un-after-vote-on-palestine-with-plans-for-3000-new-homes-in-the-west-bank-8372494.html "Israa'iil ayaa diidday Qaramada Midoobay ka dib markii ay u codaysay Falastiin iyadoo qorsheynaysa 3,000 oo guri oo cusub oo ku yaal Daanta Galbeed] [https://apnews.com/article/un-resolution-palestinians-membership-rights-us-assembly-875560e897f27d6600090420f36404e4 "Golaha Qaramada Midoobay ayaa ansixiyay qaraar siinaya Falastiin xuquuq cusub iyo dib u soo nooleynta xubinnimadeeda Qaramada Midoobay"] [https://www.alquds.edu/en/news/staff-news/38806/al-quds-university-wins-a-five-star-rating-in-all-qs-international-indicators-as-the-first-university-in-the-history-of-palestinian-higher-education/ "Jaamacada Al-Quds waxay ku guulaysatay Qiimaynta Shanta Xiddig ee dhammaan QS International tilmaamayaasha sida Jaamacaddii ugu horeysay ee Taariikhda Waxbarashada Sare ee Falastiin"] [https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2024/1/29/palestine-bow-out-of-asian-cup-after-spirited-display-against-qatar "Falastiin ayaa ka hartay koobka Asia ka dib markii ay soo bandhigeen ciyaar aad u xiiso badan oo ay la ciyaareen Qatar] [https://www.onlinebettingacademy.com/stats/venue/palestine/faisal-al-husseini-international-stadium/7829 "Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium | Falastiin, Falastiin, Jabal Al Mukaber, Shabab Al Am'ari, Hilal Al-Quds • Stats"] [https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/8/11/the-gaza-man-a-palestinians-quest-to-make-it-to-the-olympics "Ninka Gaza: Doonista Falastiiniyiinta si ay ugu soo baxdo Olombikada Paris"] [https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH990038051210205171/NLI#$FL27975722 "Khariidadda gobolka Hebron oo ay soo saartay Sahanka Falastiin, oo muujinaya dhismaha 'El Moskobiya'] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nli.org.il/he/maps/NNL_ALEPH990038051210205171/NLI#$FL27975722 |date=20240525051131 }} [https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_Preliminary_Results_Report-en.pdf#page=14.67 "Natiijooyinka horudhaca ah ee Tirakoobka Dadweynaha, Guryaha iyo Dhismaha, 2017"] [https://thewire.in/world/trapped-in-indefinite-exile-the-history-of-palestinian-refugees-over-last-seven-decades "Ku xayiran masaafuris aan xad lahayn: Taariikhda Qaxootiga Falastiiniyiinta Todobaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay"] [https://www.fifa.com/football-development/fifa-forward/news/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/palestinian-football-set-for-the-future-with-refreshed-stadium-and-new-modern-fa "Kubadda cagta Falastiin ayaa loo dejiyay mustaqbalka oo leh garoon dib loo cusbooneysiiyey iyo qalab cusub oo casri ah"] [https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/statisticsIndicatorsTables.aspx?lang=en&table_id=676 "Qiyaastii dadka reer Falastiin badhtamihii sanadka ee maamul goboleedka, 1997-2026"]{{reflist}} {{western Asia}} 59a7z6barjwkn7hhmwvq54wrioz2ka1 0 36473 298846 275343 2026-06-19T08:30:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | type = Khilaafa | name = Al-Muctasim bilaah<br><small> المعتصم بالله</small> | title = [[List of Caliphs|Khaliif]] <br> [[Amirul-Mu'miniin]] | image = File:Byzantine emissaries to the Caliph.jpg | image_size = 300px | alt = Medieval miniature of people standing before a seated ruler within a stylized edifice | caption = Ergadii Biriizanda ka hor al-Mu'tasim (fadhi, midig), wax yar oo ka yimid Skylitzes Madrid (qarnigii 12aad/13aad) | succession = Kahaliifka 8aad ee khulafada cabaasiyiinta | reign = 9 Augoosto 833 – 5 Janawari 842 | predecessor1 = [[Al-Ma'muun]] | successor1 = [[Alwaasiq bilaah]] | issue = {{plainlist| * [[alwaasiq bilaah]] * [[mutawakil cala laah]] * [[mustaciin bilaah]] * Abdallah}} | full name = Abuu Isxaaq 'Maxmad bin Haaruun al-Rashiid al-Muvtasim bilaah | house = [[Cabaasiyiinta]] | house-type = Boqortooyo | father = [[Haaruun Alrashiid]] | mother = [[Maarida binti Shabib]] | birth_date = Oktoobar 796 | birth_place = [[Baqdaad]] | death_date = 5 Janawari 842 (45jir) | death_place = [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]] | place of burial = Qasriga Jawsaq , Samaara | religion = [[Muctazila]], [[Islam]] }} == Qabashadiis xilka == == Kacdoonka khurramiyiinta == Khurammiyiinta waxay ahaayeen koox gaalo ah oo alla iyo rasuul xalaal iyo xaaraan toona rumeesneen<ref name=":0">فصل الخطاب في شرح مسائل الجاهلية (مطبوع مع رسالة قطف الثمر لصديق حسن خان) المؤلف: أبو المعالي محمود شكري بن عبد الله بن محمد بن أبي الثناء الألوسي (المتوفى: 1342هـ)</ref>, waxey aaminsanaayeen fikirka ibaaxiyada iyo in la wadaago xoolaha iyo dumarka, marnarka qaar islaamnida ayee ku gamban jireen<ref name=":4">{{استشهاد ويب|مسار=https://haithem-alsaab.blogspot.com/2017/05/blog-post_17.html|عنوان=مدونة{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} هيثم الصعب: الخرمية طلائع الانقسام الإسلامي|موقع=مدونة هيثم الصعب|تاريخ الوصول=2017-05-18|الأخير=الصعب|الأول=هيثم سعد|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218144611/https://haithem-alsaab.blogspot.com/2017/05/blog-post_17.html%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2019-12-18</ref><ref name=":3">موقف أصحاب الأهواء والفرق من السنة النبوية ورواتها جذورهم ووسائلهم وأهدافهم قديما وحديثا المؤلف: أبو ياسر محمد بن مطر بن عثمان آل مطر الزهراني (المتوفى: 1427هـ)</ref>, [[abuu Muslim khuraasaani]] ayee saaid u aaminsanaayeen, dhowr jeer ayee dawlada ku falaagoobeen, waxaa kamid ahaa [[sunbaad]] ee [[abuu jacfar almansuur]] xiligiisa soo baxay, nin la yiraahdo [[baabaka khurrami]] ayaa ka soo baxay dhulka [[Aserbiijaan|azrbiijaan]] xiligii [[ma'muun]] 816 <ref name="مفكرة">[http://islammemo.cc/2003/06/13/1203.html فتنة بابك الخرمي – رائد الإباحية - مفكرة الإسلام] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727000937/http://islammemo.cc/2003/06/13/1203.html|date=27 يوليو 2017</ref>, waxaana raacay dad badan, kacdoonkiisa ayaa socday mudo 20 sano ah<ref>{{استشهاد ويب|الأخير=خماش|الأول=نجدة|وصلة مؤلف=|مؤلفين مشاركين=|تاريخ=|مسار=https://www.arab-ency.com/?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=4192&m=1|عنوان=بابَك{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} الخُرَّمي|تنسيق=|عمل=الموسوعة العربية|صفحات=|ناشر=|لغة=|تاريخ الوصول=12 كانون الأول 2011|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193803/http://www.arab-ency.com/index.php?module=pnEncyclopedia&func=display_term&id=4192&m=1%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=4 مارس 2016</ref>, waxey yeesheen awood balaaran, meelaha buuraleyda ayee gabaad ka dhigteen waxeyna awoodeen inee jabiyaan ciidamo badan oo loo diray, kumanaan dad muslimiin ahna wey laayeen, dadka safareeda ahna wey boobi jireen, cabsi iyo aragagax ayaa soo food saartay dadkii ka ag dhawaa, dardaaranka [[ma'muun]] wuxuu ahaa in xooga la saaro ururkaan. markuu muctasim xilka fuulay waxa uu isugu geeyay awoodiisa oo dhan, ciidankii ugu horeeyay wuxuu u diray [[hamadaan]] waxeyna dudnsheen qalcado iyo dhufeesyo badan oo lahaayeen [[khurammiyiinta]], madax sarena way ka qabteen, ciidan kale oo aad u xoog badnaa ayuu diray waxaana hogaamiya ka ahaa [[afshiin]] oo ahaa talyaha sare ee dawlada, waxey u jeesteen "Albid" oo ahayd caasimada khurammiyiinta, dagaalo adag ayeena la galeen sanadii 835 ilaa 837, ugu dambeen ciidanka muslimiinta ayaa ku guuleestay inay ka adkaadaan <ref>{{استشهاد ويب|الأخير=البعلبكي|الأول=منير|وصلة مؤلف=منير البعلبكي|مؤلفين مشاركين=|تاريخ=1991|مسار=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052549/http://encyc.reefnet.gov.sy/?page=entry&id=247527 <!--http://encyc.reefnet.gov.sy/?page=entry&id=247527-->|عنوان=بابَك؛ بابَك الخُرَّمي|تنسيق=|عمل=موسوعة المورد|صفحات=|ناشر=موسوعة شبكة المعرفة الريفية|لغة=|تاريخ الوصول=12 كانون الأول 2011|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110242/https://archive.is/w0BE%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2020-05-10</ref>, waxeyna furteen caasimadood, wixii ka haray khurramiyiinta waxey aadeen [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|biriizanda]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=ḴORRAMIS IN BYZANTIUM – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/korramis-in-byzantium|access-date=2020-09-13|website=iranicaonline.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=T. Treadgold|first=Warren|title=Byzantium and Its Army, 284-1081|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1995|isbn=9780804731638}}</ref> [[baabaka khurrami]] Waa uu cararay wuuna dhuuntay, [[Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta|cabaasiyiinta]] ayaa dul dhigeen madaxiisa lacago badan, mar dambe nin qoosaar ahaa ayaa soo sheegay, waa la soo qabtay waxaana loo kaxeeyay magaalada [[Samaara]], halkaas oo lagu toogtay <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bahramian|first1=Ali|last2=Hirtenstein|first2=Stephen|last3=Gholami|first3=Rahim|date=2013-12-04|title=Bābak Khurram-Dīn|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/babak-khurram-din-COM_00000014?#d253233843e16|journal=Encyclopaedia Islamica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kaldellis|first=Anthony|title=Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2019|isbn=9780674986510}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد ويب|الأخير=|الأول=|وصلة مؤلف=|مؤلفين مشاركين=|تاريخ=|مسار=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052545/http://encyc.reefnet.gov.sy/?page=entry&id=270695 <!--http://encyc.reefnet.gov.sy/?page=entry&id=270695-->|عنوان=بابَك الخُرَّميّ|تنسيق=|عمل=المعجم الكبير|صفحات=|ناشر=مجمع اللغة العربية، القاهرة|لغة=|تاريخ الوصول=12 كانون الأول 2011|مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110242/https://archive.is/K169%7C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE أرشيف=2020-05-10</ref> == Dagaalkii camuuriya == [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|Dawlada ruum]] ayaa ahayd inay xiriir la sameesay [[khurramiyiinta]], waxeyna ka faaideysaneysa ku mashquulida [[Dawladii Cabaasiyiinta|Cabaasiyiinta]] ee [[khurramiyiinta]] ayadoo weerartay dhulka islaamka magaalada [[zabdara]] ayee galeen oo gubeen dad badan ayeena qafaasheen<ref name="تاريخ الرسل و الملوك للطبري">[[تاريخ الرسل و الملوك للطبري]]</ref>, Gabar muslimad ah oo ku jirtay dadka la qafaashay ayaa ku qeyl dhaamisay magaca muctasim<ref name="test">[[ياقوت الحموي معجم البلدان]]</ref>. Muctasim markuu maqlay akhbaartaas xun aad buu u xanaaqay, wuxuu sii kululaaday markay soo gaartay fariin ka socota imbiraadoorka [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|ruum]] oo caga jugleen xambaarsan, muctasim wuxuu ugu jawaabay fariin ahayd; <blockquote>Bislmilaahi raxmaani raxiim intaas ka gadaal waa aqriyay qoraalkaaga waana maqlay hadalkaaga jawaabtuna waa waxa aad arkeyso ee maahan waxaad maqleeyso gaaladuna way ogaan doontaa cida ay u hareeso daarta</blockquote>waxa uuna la baxay ciidan weyn tiro ahaan shan boqol oo kun gaaraya oo qalbkiisa dagaalka u dhan yahay oo talyaasha ugu sareeyo dawlada ku juraan sida [[afshiin]] iyo [[ashnaas]] [[camuuriya]] oo ahayd magaalooyinka ruum tan ugu bilicsan ayuu u jeesestay jumaada awal 223H oo ku beegan 838 AD, waxey gaareen [[camuuriya]] bisha [[ramadaan]] isla sanadkaas<ref name="البداية والنهاية لابن كثير">[[البداية والنهاية لابن كثير]]</ref>. Boqorka ruum ayaa ahaa inuu ka dagaal la galay qeyb ciidanka muslimiinta kamid ah oo afshiin hoggaaminayay balse waa lagu jabiyay<ref name="مولد تلقائيا2">[موقع قصة الإسلام لراغب سرجاني]</ref>, markuu isk waayay tabar oo ku wajaho ciidanka muslimiinta waxa uuna u cararay caasimadiisa [[Istanbuul|Qusdandiiniya]], wuxuuna u soo diray muctasim cudur daar asigoona balan qaaday inuu soo celin doonoo dhamaan dadka uu haysto laakin muctasim wuu diiday wuxuuna ku adkeestay inuu furto [[camuuriya]] <ref>{{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|Bury|1912|pp=266–267}}; {{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|Rekaya|1977|p=64}}; {{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|Vasiliev|1935|p=160}.</ref> Go'doominta magaalada ayaa bilaawday, waxaa lala dhacay manjaniiq, talye kasta waxaa loo xil saaray dhinac ka mid ah magaalada, ka dib 11 bari oo go'doonka socday waxaa dumay suurkii magaalada, muctasim iyo ciidankiisa ayaa gudaha u galeen waxeyna ku dileen dad badan oo sodon kun kor u dhaafaya, in kasii badana wey qafaasheen, ganiimo fara badan oo la koobi karin ayeena ka heleen, magaalada ayaa gabi ahaanba kharaab noqotay. Imbiraadoorka ruum [[Imbiraador Towfiil|towfiil]] markuu maqlay in la burburiyay magaaladii uu ku dhashay [[camuuriya]] aad buu uga murugooday sedex sano ka dibna wuu dhintay murugu darteed<ref name="EHW3">{{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|Kiapidou|2003}}, [http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=7898&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_6 Chapter 3] {{Wayback|url=http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=7898&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=#chapter_6 |date=20181012134729 }}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134729/http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaid=7898&boithimata_State=&kefalaia_State=|date=12 أكتوبر 2018}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بهارفارد دون أقواس|Treadgold|1988|pp=304, 415}}.</ref>. Guud ahaan muslimiinta ayaa ku farxeen guusha laga gaaray [[Imbiraadooriyada biriizanda|ruum]], gabyaanka caanka [[abuu tamaam]] ayaa tiriyay gabay caan baxay oo ku bogaadinaayo guushaas<ref>{{ديوان أبو تمام}}.</ref> == Dhimashadiisa == == Xigasho == k7pbbh41ue3z8e9sifx4w51hxcqfm6y 0 38865 298869 272260 2026-06-19T11:23:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298869 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" style="float: right;" !<small>Waxtarka gargaarka iyo saamayntiisa</small> |- | |- | |} '''Wax ku oolnimada gargaarka''' waa heerka guul ama guuldarro ee gargaarka caalamiga ah ( gargaarka horumarinta ama gargaarka bini'aadantinimo ). Haddii aynu si fududud u dhigno waa in la ogaado heerka waxtarnimo ee ay leeyihiin deeqaha caalamiga ah. Marka laga hadlayo waxtarka gargaarka waxa uu noqon karaa mid uu hummaag iyo madmadow ku jiro (haddii gargaarku guud ahaan buuxiyo ujeeddada ugu muhiimsan ee gargaarka laga leeyahay), ama waxa laga yaabaa inay noqoto mid faahfaahsan (iyada oo la tixgelinayo heerka guusha ee u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee gargaarka ee duruufaha kala duwan) . Su'aalaha ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka waxaa si weyn isugu khilaafay aqoonyahannada, faalleeyayaasha iyo xirfadlayaasha: waxaa jira cilmi baarisyo ballaaran oo mawduuca ku saabsan. Daraasadaha dhaqaalaha ee dabayaaqadii qarnigii 20aad waxaa kasoo baxday in celcelis ahaan waxtarka deeqaha inuu yahay mid yar ama xitaa xun. Daraasadii xigay ee la sameeyay qarnigii 21aadna isla natiijadaas oo kale bay soo saareen, balse sawirka guud waa mid adag marka laga eego dhinacyo badan. Talooyin badan ayaa la soojeediyay si loo kobciyo waxtarka iyo wax ku oolnimada gargaarka. Sannadihii u dhaxeeyay 2003-2011 waxa jiray dhaqdhaqaaq caalami ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka, ku dhawaad ilaa afar gole oo heer sare ah oo ku saabsan waxtarka gargaarka . Golayaashani waxay soo jeediyeen hab-dhaqanno wanaagsan oo khuseeya isku-dubbaridka maamulka gargaarka iyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya deeq-bixiyeyaasha iyo waddamada deeqda helaya. Laga soo bilaabo 2011 dhaqdhaqaaqan waxaa la hoos geeyay hal gole oo leh ujeeddo iskaashi horumarineed oo wax ku ool ah, oo xoogga saarayay Iskaashiga Caalamiga ah ee Iskaashiga Horumarinta Waxtarka leh . == Natiijooyinka iyo dhaliilaha waxtarka deeqaha == Waxaa jira in aad la isugu waafaqsanyahay in gargaarka oo keliya uusan ku filneyn in dalalka soo koraya laga saaro faqriga iyo in aysan ahayn tabta ugu awoodda badan ee lagu horumarin karo waddamadan. Doodaha ku saabsan waxtarka deeqaha waxay ku saabsan yihiin heerka ay le'eg tahay saamayntooda togan, saamayntooda taban, iyo waxtarka noocyada kala duwan ee gargaarka. === Dhaliilo waaweyn === ==== PT Bauer ==== Dhaqaale yahanka reer Ingiriis PT Bauer ayaa ku dooday in gargaarku uu waxyeello badan geystay marka loo eego wanaagga, gaar ahaan buugaagtiisa "Disent on Development" (1972) <ref>{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=P. T.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2666082|title=Dissent on development|date=1976|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-21282-7|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=2666082}}</ref> iyo "Reality and Rhetoric" (1984). <ref>{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=P. T.|url=https://archive.org/details/realityrhetorics0000baue/|title=Reality and rhetoric : studies in the economics of development|date=1984|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-74946-4|location=Cambridge, Mass.|oclc=9894295}}</ref> Saamaynta ugu xun ee ay deequhu gaysteen ayaa ah in ilihii loo weeciyay meelo khaldan ama aan ku habboonayn. <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Bauer|first=P. T.|url=https://archive.org/details/realityrhetorics0000baue/page/46|title=Reality and rhetoric : studies in the economics of development|date=1984|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0-674-74946-4|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=27–28, 46|oclc=9894295}}</ref> Dhinaca kale, Bauer halka faa'ido ee ay deeqdu leedahay ee uu arkay waa inay qofka ka ilaaliso un inoo deyn qaato taasoo aan saamayn weyn ku lahayn horumarinta waddanka (bogga 47-49). Waxa uu rumaysnaa in go'aannada mashaariicda gargaar ay gaarayeen dawladaha deeqda helayay kuwaasoo xiisaynayay un in madaxdu hodan noqoto baddalkii dadka saboolnimada laga saari lahaa. (pp.49-52). ==== Dambisa Moyo ==== Dhaqaalayahannadda caanka ah ee u dhalatay Zambia Dambisa Moyo ayaa si weyn uga soo horjeedda gargaarka horumarinta, waxayna u taqaanaa "go'aanka kaliya ee ugu xun ee siyaasadda horumarinta casriga ah". Buuggeeda 2009, Dead Aid waxay ku qeexday sida deeqaha ay u abuureen siyaasiyiin hodan ah, musuq maasuq baahay, ku tiirsanaanta gargaarka shisheeye, iyo hoos udhaca dhaqaale ee Afrika. Waxay ku doodaysaa in gargaarka shisheeye uu dawladuhu ku dhiirrigaliyo in ay qaabab khaldan wax ku raadiyaan sida dhaqaale si fudud lagu helo (Fadhi-ku-Taajir) iyo iyada oo si kadis ah dakhli loo tallaalayo, taasoo horseedda Dhibtii Dhajka (Netherland) . Intaa waxaa dheer, lacagtan fududi waxay u fududaynaysaa inay dawladdu ka baxdo heshiiskii u dhaxeeyay iyaga iyo dadkii u codeeyay: waa heshiiskaa ahaa inay bulshada wax ugu qabtaan canshuuraha ay ka qaadaan. Marka la soo koobo, waxa ay “u ogolaataa dawladu in ay iska ilowdo mas’uuliyadda ka saaran dadkeeda”. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Moyo|first=Dambisa|title=Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa.|publisher=Douglas & Mcintyre|year=2009|isbn=978-1-55365-542-8}}</ref> Waxaa xusid mudan in ay Moyo si gaar ah u tilmaamayso gargaarka laba-geesoodka ahee ay deeq bixiyayaasha waawayn bixiyaan ee ma ahan midka yar ee samafal, bini'aadantinimo ama gargaar degdeg ah. Xalka ay soo jeedisay ayaa ah in ay baaqdayain la kordhiyo ganacsiga iyo maalgashiga tooska ah ee shisheeye, iyadoo xoogga saaraysa doorka sii kobcaya ee Shiinaha ee Afrika. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Moyo|first=Dambisa|title=Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa|publisher=Douglas & Mcintyre|year=2009|pages=124}}</ref> Moyo waxa kale oo ay tilmaantay in lasameeyo qorshayaal maalgelinta yar yar ah, iyada oo lagu dayanayo guusha baahsan ee uu arrintaas ka gaaray Bankiga Grameen, si loo kobciyo halabuurka ganacsi ee qaaradda, iyada oo laga soo bilaabayo hoos. == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Lingaxyada dibadda == * [http://www.eurodad.org/ Eurodad: The European Network on Debt and Development] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100523182953/http://topics.developmentgateway.org/special/aidharmonization Special Report on Aid Harmonization] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090215180247/http://www.insightnewstv.com/addictedtoaid/ "Addicted to Aid"-documentary by Sorious Samura] * [http://www.cgdev.org/section/topics/aid_effectiveness Center for Global Development: Aid Effectiveness] * [http://www.internationalhealthpartnership.net/en/ The International Health Partnership (IHP+)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.internationalhealthpartnership.net/en/ |date=20120911200649 }} A group of partners committed to putting international principles for effective aid and development cooperation into practice in the health sector * [http://www.cgdev.org/Publications/MillionsSaved/ Millions Saved] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cgdev.org/Publications/MillionsSaved/ |date=20081011090756 }} A compilation of case studies of effective foreign assistance by the [http://www.cgdev.org/ Center for Global Development]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050728144653/http://www.aidharmonisation.org/ Aidharmonisation.org] * [http://www.aideffectiveness.org/ Aideffectiveness.org] * [http://www.pubhealth.org/ PubHealth.org - Ugandan effort to develop tools for harmonization] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125052013/http://rru.worldbank.org/PapersLinks/Development-Assistance/ Reading list on the future of development assistance] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051125070758/http://psdblog.worldbank.org/psdblog/aid_effectiveness/index.html PSD Blog: aid effectiveness] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813094621/http://bostonreview.net/ndf.html#Aid Boston Review Forum: Making Aid Work] Initial article arguing for funding of projects confirmed as effective in randomized trials, followed by replies. * [http://practicalaction.org/?id=africanvoices_agriculture_report The Crisis in African Agriculture: A more effective use for EC aid?] A Practical Action and Pelum 'African Voices' Report * [http://www.eurodad.org/aid/?id=124 European Network on Debt and Development] reports, news and links on aid effectiveness * [http://www.euforic.org/detail_page.phtml?&page=resource_briefing_evaluat Euforic] {{Wayback|url=http://www.euforic.org/detail_page.phtml?&page=resource_briefing_evaluat |date=20070928032655 }} pages on aid evaluation and effectiveness * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080917005522/http://www.fride.org/publication/480/building-global-governance-of-aid FRIDE] From Paris to Accra: building the global governance of aid * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110712005552/http://aideffectiveness.zunia.org/ Zunia Aid Effectiveness Page] - articles, reports, blogs, and jobs related to aid effectiveness * [http://www.three-cs.net/ Three-Cs.net] {{Wayback|url=http://www.three-cs.net/ |date=20221006185623 }} Six joint-evaluations to explore and assess the role played by the Maastricht Treaty precepts of coordination, complementarity and coherence (3Cs) in the EU's development co-operation policies and operations * [http://www.oecd.org/document/18/0,3343,en_2649_3236398_35401554_1_1_1_1,00.html The OECD DAC's site on the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness] * Governance and Social Development Resource Centre's [http://www.gsdrc.org/go/topic-guides/aid-instruments-and-aid-effectiveness Topic Guide: Aid instruments and aid effectiveness] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gsdrc.org/go/topic-guides/aid-instruments-and-aid-effectiveness |date=20080315135247 }} * [http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/briefing/bp39-july08-aid-effectiveness.pdf ODI Briefing Paper: Aid effectiveness after Accra]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.eadi.org/index.php?id=1203: EADI Online Dossier on Aid Effectiveness] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eadi.org/index.php?id=1203: |date=20120310010806 }} * [http://www.eadi.org/events/forthcoming-events/eadi-masterclass/implementing-paris-decleration-15-16-april-2010-brussels.html: Masterclass on Aid Effectiveness] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150813141944/http://www.cso-effectiveness.org/ Open Forum for CSO Development Effectiveness] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240616065356/http://www.betteraid.org/en/news/286-latest-news/560-csos-on-the-road-to-accra-to-busan-report-launchtoday.html CSOs on the road from Accra to Busan] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524235519/http://www.ccic.ca/_files/en/what_we_do/002_aid_2009_strengthening_cs_roles_voice_book.pdf Strengthening Civil Society’s Roles and Voice: Reflections on CSO Engagement with the Accra Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness] * [http://www.adb.org/features/aid-trade-asia-and-pacific-12-things-know/ Aid for Trade in Asia and the Pacific: 12 Things to Know] Asian Development Bank {{Humanitarian aid}}Grgaarka biniaadantinnimo [[Category:Gargaar]] [[Category:Horomarinta caalamiga ah ee Afrika]] [[Category:Hor]] t8m4gl6b38nhyaoxioouazmtfh6x7a6 0 39797 298795 298751 2026-06-18T17:45:56Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 /* Notable figures */ 298795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]][[File:Flag_of_United Kingdom.svg|60px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry| United States}}|region4 ={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Overview == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' Faracyada ''[[Mohamoud Muuse]]'' iyo ''Abdalleh Muuse''. Laamaha Beesha ''Abdalleh Muuse'' ayaa iyaguna caan ku ah reero balaadhan ah sida ''Reer Aadan'', Reer ''Ali Abdi'', ''Reer Nuur'', ''Reer Benin'', ''Rer Gallab'', ''Reer Eiye'', iyo ''Mohamed Cabdille'', (kuwaas oo kala baxa ''Rer Dhibleh'' ,''Reer Cali'' iyo ''Reer Gubadleh''.) ; [[Shaxda beesha|Shaxda Beesha]] ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. Doorkooda Ugaasnimadu waa astaan sharaf, caddaalad, iyo hoggaan bulsho. Taasi waxay sababtay in beesha Abokor Muuse lagu xasuusto dad hoggaamiya, nabad dhaliya, iyo dhaqanka ilaaliya, taasoo qayb weyn ka qaadatay dhismaha iyo ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada guud ahaan. ==Distribution== [[File:Hargeisa Somaliland.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A general view of Hargeisa, where the community is widely settled.]] Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road ([[Wadada Madaarka Egal)]]'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Clan tree== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagalle) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Adawe Muuse (Rer Adawe) *******************Aden Muuse (Rer Aden) *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' *******************Mahamoud Muuse ********************Shirdon Mohamoud ********************Hildiid Mohamoud *********************Ali Hildiid *********************Geedi Hildiid *********************Hersi Hildiid *******************Abdalleh Muuse ********************Jibirl Abdalle *********************Saeed Jibril **********************Abdi Said ***********************Salah Abdi ***********************Roble Abdi *********************Hersi Jibril **********************Ahmed Hersi **********************Abdalle Hersi *********************Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) **********************Hersi Kalil **********************Egal Kalil **********************Wais Kalil **********************Ali kalil ***********************Said Ali ***********************Koshin Ali ***********************Arale Ali ***********************Osman Ali ***********************Guled Ali ***********************Amare Ali ***********************Boqorreh Ali *********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) **********************Aden Mohamed ***********************Benin Aden ***********************Nour Aden ***********************Ali Aden ***********************Adan Aden *********************Abdi Jibril **********************Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) ***********************Issa Ali ***********************Hussein Ali ***********************Mumin Ali ***********************Naleye Ali **********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ***********************Ismail Nour ***********************Hersi Nour ***********************Gabal Nour ***********************Mohamed Nour **********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ***********************Naleye Benin ***********************Ahmed Benin ***********************Hersi Benin ***********************Warfa Benin ***********************Samter Benin ***********************Abdi Benin ***********************Fatah Benin ***********************Aden Benin ***********************Dirie Benin ***********************Farah Benin ***********************Dahir Benin ***********************Arale Benin ***********************Guled Benin ***********************Shirwa Benin ***********************Abane Benin ***********************Abdille Benin ***********************Yusuf Benin ***********************Arale Benin ***********************Roble Benin ***********************Osman Benin **********************Abdille Abdi ***********************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) ************************Ismail Gallab ************************Asker Gallab **********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ***********************Gulled Eiye ***********************Sharmake Eiye **********************Mohamed Abdille ***********************Ahmed Mohamed ************************Samter Ahmed ************************Ziyad Ahmed ************************Mayle Ahmed ************************Elmi Ahmed ************************Warfa Ahmed ************************Geedi Ahmed ************************Amanle Ahmed ************************Food Ahmed ************************Roble Ahmed ************************Ainanshe Ahmed ************************Wais Ahmed ************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) *************************Ismail Dhible *************************Barre Dhible ************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) ************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) *************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) *************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Ismail Abdi (Rer Ismail) **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy during the Ogaden War. * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Abdikarem Hikmawi – Is Author, literally scholar and Activist * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politiciancurrent mayor of Hargeisa city * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 86hqwh7x6hgm18v0j72u29cwgil7vb2 0 40746 298805 267047 2026-06-19T01:35:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|company_name=Bluecom Somalia|company_type=Private|industry=Telecommunications|founded=2020|hq_location=[[Mogadishu]], Somalia|website=http://bluecom.so/|services=Fiber </br> Wireless </br> IPTV </br> Enterprise Solutions}} '''Bluecom''' waa shirkad [[Isgaarsiinta|isgaarsiinee]]<nowiki/>d oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada [[Muqdisho]] ee dalka [[Soomaaliya]]. Shirkaddu waxay bixisaa adeegyo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay bixinta xalal isgaarsiineed oo tayo sare leh oo la isku halayn karo. == Taariikhda == Waxaa la aasaasay 2020, '''Bluecom Somalia''' waxay xarunteedu tahay [[Muqdisho]], [[Banaadir]], [[Soomaaliya]]. Shirkaddu waxay kortay inay shaqaalaysiiso inta u dhaxaysa 201-500 oo qof waxayna u heellan tahay bixinta adeegyada internetka iyo TV-yada heerka sare ah. Bluecom waxay rabta inay dhaafto rajada macmiilka iyadoo bixisa adeegyo la isku halayn karo iyo taageero joogto ah oo macmiil ah, iyadoo adeegsanaysa tignoolajiyada caqliga leh oo kharash-ku-ool ah. == Adeegyada Shirkadda == * '''Fiber-ka:''' Bluecom waxay bixisaa internet xawaarihiisu sarreeyo iyadoo loo marayo tignoolajiyada horumarsan ee fiber optic, taasoo bixisa isku xirnaan degdeg ah oo la isku halayn karo macaamiisha deegaanka iyo ganacsiga labadaba. * '''Wireless:''' Shirkaddu waxay bixisaa xalalka internet-ka ee bilaa-waayirka ah, oo ay ku jiraan moobilka iyo gelitaanka fiilo-la'aanta go'an, ee loogu talagalay meelaha xidhiidhka dhaqameed ee fiillooyinka aan la hirgelin karin. * '''IPTV:''' Bluecom waxay siisaa wax ku saabsan telefishanka oo ku saabsan borotokoolka internetka (IP), taasoo u oggolaanaysa macaamiisha inay galaan xulasho ballaaran oo kanaalada TV-ga ah iyo waxyaabaha la rabo, taasoo kor u qaadeysa khibradooda daawashada. * '''Xalalka Ganacsiga:''' Shirkaddu waxay siisaa xalal isgaarsiineed oo habaysan oo loogu talagalay ganacsiyada, oo ay ku jiraan adeegyada internetka, maamulka shabakada, iyo adeegyada isgaarsiinta ee loogu talagalay in lagu taageero baahiyaha ganacsi ee kala duwan. == Siyaasadda Tayada == Bluecom waxa ka go'an in ay gaadho koboc waara iyada oo bixisa adeegyo si joogto ah u buuxiya kana sarreeya filashada macaamiisha. Shirkaddu waxay u hoggaansamaan heerarka '''ISO 9001: 2015''' waxayna u hoggaansamaan dhammaan shuruudaha sharciga iyo xeerarka khuseeya. Bluecom waxay dejisay Ujeedooyinka Tayada SMART ee la jaan qaadaya ujeeddooyinka shirkadeeda waxayna u heellan tahay horumarinta adeegga joogtada ah. Siyaasadda Tayada waxaa lala socodsiiyaa dhammaan daneeyayaasha, shaqaale kastaana wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay ilaalinta heerarka sare. Siyaasaddan si joogto ah ayaa dib loogu eegaa oo loo cusboonaysiiyaa iyada oo qayb ka ah barnaamijka dib u eegista ee shirkadda. == Warshadaha == Ka dhex shaqaynta warshadaha isgaarsiinta, Bluecom Somalia waxay ku takhasustay: * FTTH (Fiber to the Home) Implementation * Fiber Network Design * Infrastructure Management * Deployment & Maintenance * Service Provisioning * Monitoring & Troubleshooting * Splicing & Termination * Network Testing & Certification * Speed Optimization * Security & Encryption * Performance Monitoring * Capacity Planning * Customer Support & SLA Management == Xarunta dhexe == Shirkaddu waxay xarunteedu tahay [[Muqdisho]], [[Soomaaliya]]. == Takhasusyada == Shirkaddu waxay diiradda saartaa adeegyo isgaarsiineed oo kala duwan, gaar ahaan dhinacyada hirgelinta iyo dayactirka shabakadda fiber-ka, amniga shabakadda, iyo taageerada macaamiisha. == Mareegta == http://bluecom.so/ {{Wayback|url=http://bluecom.so/ |date=20240903140356 }} bgfw2iae7wr7caz8poe5bve1eys7o2b 0 41357 298809 295308 2026-06-19T02:14:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac | | group = Cali Jibrahil <br>علي جبرائيل | image= |region1={{flagcountry|Somalia}} |region2={{flagcountry|Oman}} |region3={{flagcountry|United States}} | langs = [[Somali language|Somali]] | rels = [[Islam]] | related-c = Other [[Majeerteen]],clan. }} The '''Cali Jibrahil''' waa qabiil cabsi cabsi taariikhi ah oo ka tirsan qabiilka Majeerteen, mid ka mid ah sub-qabiilada ugu waaweyn ee ku jira qabiilka [[Darod]].<ref>[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/192345/the_majerteen_clan_and_its_history.aspx The Majerteen Clan and Its History], Hiiraan Online (2023)</ref> Qabiilka wuxuu ku fidsan yahay Soomaaliya, isagoo xooggan ku leh gobolka [[Puntland]], gaar ahaan gobolka Bari.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/the-tribal-distribution-in-puntland The Tribal Distribution in Puntland], Garowe Online (2023)</ref> Cali Jibrahiil waxay caan kuyihiin geesinimadooda gobbolka iyo taariikhdooda halgan ee puntland iyo gobbolada kale ee ay dagaan.<ref>[https://www.horseedmedia.net/2023/07/the-role-of-somali-warriors-in-history The Role of Somali Warriors in History]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Horseed Media (2023)</ref> == Overview == Marka laga reebo xirfadaha ciidan, beesha Cali Jibrahil sidoo kale waxay leedahay Aqoonsiga dhaqameed hodan ah oo firfircoon, kaasoo lagu dhaafsaday jiilal badan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) - The Role of Clans in Somalia |url=https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/12-role-clans-somalia |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903035258/https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia-2023/12-role-clans-somalia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beesha waxaa lagu aqoonsan yahay caadooyinka Guulwadayaal dhaqameed, kuwaasoo door weyn ka ciyaaray qaabeynta nidaamka bulshada iyo nolosha bulshada. Caadooyinkan waxaa ka mid ah xeerarka sharafta, geesinimada, iyo daacadnimada, kuwaasoo muhiim u ah hab-nololeedkooda. Sidoo kale, beesha waxay xoogga saartaa xiriirka Qoyska iyo Isku-xirnaanta bulshada, kuwaasoo si qoto dheer ugu xidhan dhaqanka maalinlaha ah iyo isdhexgalka dadka.<ref>[https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/somali-culture/somali-culture-family Cultural Atlas - Somali Culture: Family]</ref> Qaab-dhismeedka bulshada ee Cali Jibrahil ayaa muddo dheer ku dhisnaa xiriirro qoys oo dhow oo dhiirrigeliyay dareen midnimo iyo mas'uuliyad wada jir ah. Qarnigii la soo dhaafay, dhaxalka dhaqameed ee gaar ah, oo lagu daray xirfadooda ciidanimo, ayaa u oggolaaday beesha inay sii haysato door muuqda oo ku saabsan '''[[Soomaaliya]]''' oo ku saabsan siyaasadda iyo horumarka dhaqaalaha, iyagoo saameyn muuqata ku leh '''[[Taariikhda Soomaaliya|taariikhda gobolka]]'''.<ref>[https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/somalis.html 101 Last Tribes - Somali People]</ref> == History == Beesha '''Cali Jibrahil''' waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay qarnigii la soo dhaafay ee beelaha Soomaaliyeed, gaar ahaan beesha [[Majerteen]] iyo qabiilka guud ee [[Darod]]<ref>[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/192345/the_majerteen_clan_and_its_history.aspx The Majerteen Clan and Its History], Hiiraan Online (2023)</ref> Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, beesha waxaa lagu yaqaanay iska caabintooda gumeysiga Talyaaniga. Cali Jibrahil waxay ka qaybqaateen Dagaalka Dervish oo uu hogaaminayay Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno "Mad Mullah".<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/the-dervish-resistance-against-colonial-powers The Dervish Resistance Against Colonial Powers], Garowe Online (2023)</ref> Waxay ku guuleysteen guulo waaweyn oo ka dhan ah awoodihii gumeysiga ilaa markii iska caabintu si buuxda loo jabiyay 1920. Kadib guuldarradaas, beesha waxay sii wadaysay iska caabinta, laakiin hadda si siyaasadeed iyo diblomaasiyad ahaan.<ref>[https://www.horseedmedia.net/2023/07/post-colonial-politics-in-somalia Post-Colonial Politics in Somalia]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Horseed Media (2023)</ref> Ka hor gumeysiga, beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay ka mid ahayd Boqortooyada Boqor Cismaan, halkaas oo ay haysteen jagooyin muhiim ah.<ref>[https://www.somalistudies.org/somali-sultanates-and-their-influence Somali Sultanates and Their Influence], Somali Studies Journal (2023)</ref> Kadib madaxbannaanida Soomaaliya ee 1960, xubno ka tirsan beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay haysteen jagoyin sarre oo ku jiray dowladdii cusub, oo ay ku jiraan janaraallo iyo wasiirro.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/historical-political-leaders-of-somalia Historical Political Leaders of Somalia], Garowe Online (2023)</ref> Sidoo kale, beesha waxay door hoggaamineed ka ciyaartay aasaaska [[Puntland]] ee 1998, oo ah gobol madax-bannaan oo ku yaal waqooyiga bari ee Soomaaliya.<ref>[https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/Sept/191876/the-formation-of-puntland-and-its-clan-structure.aspx The Formation of Puntland and Its Clan Structure], Hiiraan Online (2023)</ref> Ila maanta, beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay weli tahay ciyaaryahan saameyn ku leh siyaasadda iyo horumarka bulshada ee Soomaaliya. {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Ufeyn | other_name = أفين | native_name = ''Ufayn'' | settlement_type = District | image_map = Puntland new regions map.jpg | mapsize = 10px | pushpin_map = Somalia | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Africa. | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Somalia]] {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regional State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Puntland}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Region]] | subdivision_name2 = Uurcaleed | subdivision_type3 = [[District]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Ufayn District]] | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1958 | area_total_km2 = 38 | population_total = 22,850 | population_density_km2 = 39 | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | coordinates = {{coord|10|39|00|N|49|45|00|E|region:SO-BR|display=inline,title}} | area_code = +252 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ahmed Abshir Said }} == Territory == Beesha '''[[Cali Jibrahil]]''' waxay si weyn ugu nool yihiin gobollada [[Bari]] iyo [[Karkaar]] ee waqooyi-bari Soomaaliya, halkaas oo ay ka mid yihiin qayb weyn oo ka mid ah dadka deegaanka.<ref>[https://www.somali-forum.com/articles/overview-of-northern-somalia Somalia's Northern Regions: An Overview]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gobolka [[Bari]], oo ah gobolka ugu weyn Soomaaliya, beesha ayaa si ballaaran ugu firfircoon.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343451542_The_Geography_and_Ethnicity_of_Puntland The Geography and Ethnicity of Puntland]</ref> Beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay si gaar ah uga dhisan yihiin meelaha magaalooyinka waaweyn sida [[Bosaso]] iyo [[Ufeyn]], kuwaas oo la tixgeliyo inay yihiin caasimadda siyaasadeed iyo dhaqameed ee beesha.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/bosaso-economic-and-political-impact Bosaso: Economic and Political Overview]</ref> Bosaso, oo ah magaalada ugu weyn Puntland, sidoo kale waxay leedahay dadweyne badan oo ka tirsan beesha Cali Jibrahil, kuwaas oo door muhiim ah ka ciyaara nolosha dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda magaalada.<ref>[https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/somalia/bosaso-economic-and-political-impact Bosaso: Economic and Political Overview]</ref> Beesha Cali Jibrahil sidoo kale waxay leedahay diaspora ballaaran oo ku fidsan meelo kala duwan oo caalamka ah, gaar ahaan Bariga Yurub, Bariga Dhexe, Yurub, Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyo Kanada.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332761255_The_Somali_Diaspora_Trends_and_Impact The Somali Diaspora: Trends and Impact]</ref> == Cali Jibrahil Leadership == Beesha Cali Jibrahil waxay yeelatay hogaamiyayaal kala duwan taariikhdeeda, laakiin hadda, Afar hogaamiye ee ugu muhiimsan ee beesha waa: * Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed * Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax * Garaad Maxamuud Diriye Cumar * Suldaan Maxamed Muuse Yusuf [[File:Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Suldaanka beesha Cali Jibrahil Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed]]Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed waa hogaamiyaha ugu sareeya ee beesha Cali Jibrahil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 19|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Waxa uu miray jagadaas kadib geeridii aabihiis, Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan, waxaana tan iyo markaas uu mas'uul ka yahay hagidda beesha arrimaha siyaasadeed, bulsho, iyo dhaqan. Sida hogaamiyaha ugu sareeya, Suldaan Nuur wuxuu leeyahay door muhiim ah oo ku saabsan ilaalinta midnimada beesha, matalaada danahooda Puntland, iyo sii wadida hogaaminta uu aabihiis dhaxlay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 20|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Aabihiis, Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan Maxamuud (1932–2011), wuxuu ahaa hogaamiyaha beesha Cali Jibrahil muddo 19 sano ah, laga bilaabo 1992 ilaa 2011. Ka hor inta uusan noqon Suldaan, wuxuu hore u haystay jagada saameynta leh ee beesha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 21|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Suldaan Maxamed wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah aas-aasayaashii Puntland ee 1998 wuxuuna door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray qaabeynta siyaasadda gobolka. Waxa uu si weyn ugu ixtiraamayay xirfadiisa dhex-dhexaadinta wuxuuna caan ku ahaa inuu mideeyo beelaha dagaallamaya, gudaha Puntland iyo guud ahaan Soomaaliya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Source 22|url=https://www.example.com |date=2023}}</ref> Awooddiisa wadaxaajoodka iyo dib-u-heshiisiinta ayaa ka dhigtay inuu noqdo shaqsi saameyn weyn ku leh siyaasadda Soomaaliya. == Lineage == * Cali Jibrahil ** Maxamed Cali (Reer Gurey) ** Xuseen Cali ** Cumar Cali ** Cismaan Cali *** Muuse Cismaan *** Cabdi Cismaan **** Ciise Cabdi **** Cali Cabdi **** Maxamuud Cabdi **** Ismacil Cabdi ***** Muumin Ismacil ***** Aadan Ismacil ***** Maxamed Ismacil ***** Macawiye Ismacil ****** Cabdiraxman Macawiye ****** Farax Macawiye ****** Siciid Macawiye ****** Samatar Macawiye (Maxamed Naaleeye) <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Abtirsi.com : Cali Jibrahil *majeirtein* |url=https://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=11066&abtirsiLang=1 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.abtirsi.com |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120204759/https://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=11066&abtirsiLang=1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Prominent Figures == * Cabdulcasiis Qambi Guhaad – Xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka dowladda dhexe ee Soomaaliya. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://allsanaag.com/xildhibaan-cabdulcasiis-qambi-guhaad/|title=Cabdulcasiis Qambi Guhaad, Xildhibaan ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|publisher=AllSanaag.com|date=2023}}</ref> * Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax – Qof caan ah oo ka tirsan beesha, oo leh saameyn ku dhex leh arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cw4e0zwe7xlo|title=Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax oo ka hadlay xaaladda Soomaaliya|publisher=BBC Somali|date=2023}}</ref> * Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan Maxamuud (1932–2011) – Hogaamiyihii hore ee beesha iyo mid ka mid ah aas-aasayaashii Puntland. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.example.com|title=Suldaan Maxamed Suldaan Aadan: His Legacy in Puntland|publisher=Somali Government|date=2023}}</ref> * Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed – Hogaamiyaha hadda ee beesha Cali Jibrahil. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://puntlandpost.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Koobigii-ugu-dambeeyey-SAJ-Re.pdf|title=Koobigii ugu dambeeyey Suldaan Nuur Suldaan Maxamed|publisher=Puntland Post|date=2022}}</ref> * Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax – Qof caan ah oo ka tirsan beesha, oo leh saameyn ku dhex leh arrimaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://bbc.com/somali/articles/cw4e0zwe7xlo|title=Beldaaje Cali Beldaaje Faarax Profile|publisher=BBC Somali|date=2020}}</ref> * Garaad Maxamuud Diriye Cumar – Qof muhiim ah oo ka tirsan beesha, oo firfircoon arrimaha diblomaasiyadeed ee gudaha iyo caalamka. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.somaligov.net/|title=Garaad Maxamuud Diriye Cumar's Role in Diplomacy|publisher=Somali Government|date=2021|access-date=2025-02-22|archive-date=2025-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221100547/http://www.somaligov.net/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == See Also == * [[Majeerteen]] * [[Darod]] * [[Puntland]] * [[Harti]] == References == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.garoweonline.com/en Garowe Online] – Somali news source covering politics, history, and clan affairs. * [https://www.hiiraan.com Hiiraan Online] – A major Somali news platform with historical and political insights. * [https://www.horseedmedia.net Horseed Media] – Somali news and analysis on cultural and historical developments. * [https://www.somalistudies.org Somali Studies] – Academic research and publications on Somali clans and history. * [https://gsdrc.org/publications/somali-networks-structures-of-clan-and-society/ Somali Networks – Structures of Clan and Society] {{Wayback|url=https://gsdrc.org/publications/somali-networks-structures-of-clan-and-society/ |date=20240113081648 }} – An academic study on Somali clan structures and societal networks. * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375421599_FROM_CLANS_TO_COLONIALS_TO_CONTEMPORARY_TIMES_THE_SHIFTING_DYNAMICS_OF_SOMALI_SOCIAL_ECONOMIC_AND_CULTURAL_LIFE From Clans to Colonials to Contemporary Times: The Shifting Dynamics of Somali Social, Economic, and Cultural Life] – A scholarly article examining the evolution of Somali clans and their societal impact. * [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325182705_State_and_Clan_Violence_in_Somalia State and Clan Violence in Somalia] – An academic paper discussing the interplay between state and clan-related violence in Somalia. auk6ud9t6rvmzwua5w08v9j6ilnwx64 0 42365 298803 281968 2026-06-19T01:21:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batariga korontada''' ama '''baatari''' ({{lang-en|Electric battery}}; waa qalab kaydiya tamarta kiimikaad ah kana beddela tamartaas koronto iyada oo loo marayo fal-celin kiimikaad. Waxay ka kooban tahay hal ama in ka badan unugyo koronto-kiimikaal ah, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay elektaroon togan, mid taban, iyo elektaroolayd fududeysa socodka "ion"-ada. dhabdhagaxa waa sanduuq yar oo tamar kaydsan ku jirto, kaasoo caawiya in alaabo sida taleefannada, alaabta lagu ciyaaro, iyo saacadaha ay shaqeeyaan. Gudaha dabdhagaxa / baatariiga waxaa ku jira walxo gaar ah oo tamar koronto sameeya marka si gaar ah la isugu xiro. Tamartan korontada ah ayaa ka dhigaysa alaabtaada inay iftiimiso, dhaqaaqdo, ama cod sameyso. Dabdhagaxa waa fududahay in meel walba lagula tago, taasoo ka dhigaysa kuwo aad waxtar u leh nolol maalmeedka. {{Infobox electronic component | name = Batariga korontada | image = File:Batteries.jpg | caption = Noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada iyo bateriyada (kor bidix ilaa hoose midig): laba [[AA battery|AA]], hal [[D battery|D]], hal batari gacanta lagu qaato [[ham radio]], laba [[9-volt battery|9-volt]] (PP3), laba [[AAA battery|AAA]], hal [[C battery|C]], hal batari [[camcorder]], hal batari [[cordless phone]] | type = Firfircoon | inventor = [[Alessandro Volta]] | invention_Year = 1800 | pins = Katood iyo Anood | symbol = [[File:IEEE 315 Fundamental Items Symbols (90).svg]] }} ==Taariikhda== ===Hal-abuur=== [[File:Pila_di_Volta.jpg|thumb|Raso voltaic ah , batarigii ugu horreeyay]] [[File:La_pile_de_Volta_(Le_Petit_journal).jpg|thumb|Fiisigiste talyaani ah Alessandro Volta oo tusaya tuulitaankiisa boqorkii Faransiiska Napoleon Bonaparte]] Benjamin Franklin wuxuu markii ugu horeysay isticmaalay ereyga "batteri" 1749-kii markii uu samaynayey tijaabooyin koronto isagoo isticmaalaya qalab isku xiran oo Leyden ah . Franklin waxa uu u ururiyay tiro dhalooyin ah waxa uu ku tilmaamay "batteri", isaga oo isticmaalaya ereyga milatari ee hubka si wadajir ah u shaqaynaya. Marka la dhufto tirada weelasha lagu hayo, lacag ka xoog badan ayaa la kaydin karaa, waxaana la heli karaa awood dheeraad ah marka la sii daayo. Fiisigiste talyaani ah Alessandro Volta ayaa dhisay oo sharaxay baytarigii ugu horeeyay ee korantada , raso voltaic , sanadkii 1800 . Volta ma fahmin in danabku ay sabab u tahay falcelinta kiimikada. Waxa uu u maleynayay in unugyadiisu ay yihiin ilo tamar ah oo aan la koobi karin, iyo in saameynta daxalka ee elektiroonigga ah ee la xidhiidha ay ahaayeen kuwo dhib badan, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen cawaaqib aan laga maarmi karin ee hawlgalkooda, sida Michael Faraday uu muujiyay 1834. In kasta oo baytariyadii hore ay qiimo weyn u lahaayeen ujeedooyinka tijaabada ah, dhaqan ahaan tamartoodu way is bedbedeshay mana bixin karaan hadda weyn oo muddo joogto ah. Unugga Daniell , oo la ikhtiraacay 1836 kii farmashiistaha Ingiriiska John Frederic Daniell , wuxuu ahaa isha ugu horreysa ee wax ku oolka ah ee korontada , isagoo noqday halbeeg warshadeed wuxuuna arkay korsasho baahsan oo ah ilo koronto oo loogu talagalay shabakadaha telegaraafka korontada . Waxay ka koobnayd dheri naxaas ah oo ay ka buuxaan xalal sulfate naxaas ah , kaas oo lagu dhex shubay weel dhoobo ah oo aan muraayad lahayn oo ay ka buuxaan sulfuric acid iyo zinc electrode. Unugyadan qoyan waxay isticmaaleen dareere elektrolytes ah, kuwaas oo u nugul daadinta iyo daadinta haddii aan si sax ah loo qaban. Qaar badan ayaa isticmaalay dhalooyinka dhalooyinka si ay u qabtaan qaybahooda, taas oo ka dhigtay kuwo jilicsan oo khatar ah. Tilmaamahani waxay ka dhigeen unugyo qoyan oo aan ku habboonayn qalabka la qaadi karo. Ku dhowaad dhammaadkii qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, abuurista baytariyada unugyada qalalan , kuwaas oo beddelay electrolyte dareere ah oo leh dhejis, waxay sameeyeen qalabka korantada ee la qaadi karo. Baytariyada ku jira tubbada vacuum waxay taariikh ahaan u isticmaali jireen unug qoyan batteriga "A" (si ay u bixiyaan tamarta filka) iyo unugga qallalan ee batteriga "B" (si loo bixiyo tamarta saxanka). ===Horumarka socda=== Intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2018, baahida batteriga ayaa kor u kacday 30% sannadkii, taasoo gaadhay wadarta 180 GWh ee 2018. Ilaa hadda, heerka kobaca ayaa la filayaa in lagu sii hayo qiyaastii 25%, oo ku dhammaatay baahida 2600 GWh ee 2030. Intaa waxaa dheer, korodhka kharashka 3 ee dheeraadka ah ee GWh. Sababaha muhiimka ah ee heerkan sarreeya ee kobaca warshadaha baytariga korontada waxaa ka mid ah koronto-siinta gaadiidka, iyo daad-gureynta baaxadda leh ee xadhkaha korantada, oo ay taageerayaan dadaallada decarbonization . Batariyada korantada ee la qaybiyey, sida kuwa loo isticmaalo baabuurta korantada ee baytariga ( baabuur-ilaa-grid ) iyo kaydinta tamarta guriga oo leh mitirka smart iyo kuwa ku xidhan shabakadaha smart si looga jawaabo baahida ayaa ah ka qaybgalayaasha firfircoon ee shabakadaha sahayda tamarta smart. Isticmaalka labaad ee baytariyada qayb ahaan dhammaatay waxay ku dari kartaa isticmaalka guud ee baytariyada korantada iyadoo la dhimayo kharashyada kaydinta tamarta iyo saamaynta sii deynta sababtoo ah nolosha adeegga oo dheer. Isticmaalkan, baytariyada korantada ee baabuurta ee awoodooda batari la dhimay in ka yar 80% (badanaa 5-8 sano oo adeega ah ka dib) ayaa dib loogu isticmaali karaa sahayda kaydinta ama nidaamyada kaydinta tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Kaydinta tamarta miisaanka xad-dhaafka ah waxay saadaalisay isticmaalka baaxadda leh ee baytariyada si ay u ururiyaan oo ugu kaydiyaan tamarta shabkada ama warshadda korontada ka dibna u soo saaraan tamartaas wakhti dambe si ay u bixiyaan adeegyo koronto ama koronto kale marka loo baahdo. Kaydinta tamarta miisaanka xajmiyeedka (ama furaha furaha ama qaybsan) ayaa ah qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah xadhkaha sahayda tamarta caqliga leh. Isbeddelka Habboon ee Xisaabinta: Imaanshaha qaabaynta xisaabinta ayaa wax ka beddeshay naqshadaynta agabka baytariga, taas oo awood u siinaysa baadhista wax-soo-saarka sare iyo jilitaanka atomigga ee dardar-gelinaya helitaanka electrolytes-ka cusub iyo electrodes-ka, kana gudbaya hababka tijaabada-iyo-qallada ee dhaqanka. ==Kiimikada iyo mabaadi'da== [[File:ElectrochemCell.png|thumb|Unug voltaic ah oo ujeeddooyin mudaaharaad ah. Tusaalahan labada unug ee nuska ah waxa ku xidhan buundada milixda oo ogolaata wareejinta ions.]] Baytariyadu waxay tamarta kiimikaad toos ugu beddelaan tamarta korantada . Xaalado badan, tamarta korantada ee la sii daayo ayaa ah farqiga u dhexeeya isku-xidhnaanta ama tamarta curaarta ee biraha, oxides, ama molecules ee ku jira falcelinta elektiroonigga ah. Tusaale ahaan, tamarta waxaa lagu kaydin karaa Zn ama Li, kuwaas oo ah biraha tamarta sare leh sababtoo ah ma xasiliyaan isku-xidhka d-electron, si ka duwan biraha kala-guurka . Baytariyada waxaa loo qaabeeyey si falcelinta redox ee tamar ahaan wanaagsan ay u dhacdo kaliya marka elektaroonnada ay dhex maraan qaybta dibadda ee wareegga. Batarigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay xoogaa unugyo voltaic ah . Unug kastaa waxa uu ka kooban yahay laba unug badhkiis oo si taxane ah ugu xidhan yahay korantada korantada oo ka kooban biro . Hal unug badh ah waxa ka mid ah electrolyte iyo electrode taban, electrode-ka ay anions (aan si xun loo dallaco) u haajiraan; unugga badhkii kale waxa ka mid ah elektrolytka iyo electrode-ka togan, kuwaas oo cations ( ion si togan loo dallaco ) u haajiraan. Cations waa la dhimay (electrons ayaa lagu daray) ee cathode, halka atamka biraha waa oksaydhized (electrons waa la saaray) ee anode ah. Unugyada qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan elektrolytooyin kala duwan unug kasta oo nus ah; ka dib kala-soocida ayaa loo isticmaalaa si looga hortago isku darka electrolytes iyada oo u oggolaanaysa ions inay ku qulqulaan inta u dhaxaysa unugyada nuska ah si loo dhamaystiro wareegga korantada. Unug kasta oo nus ah waxa uu leeyahay awood koronto ( emf , lagu qiyaasay volts) marka loo eego heerka . Shabakadda emf-ka unugga ayaa ah faraqa u dhexeeya emfs unugyadiisa nuska ah. [ 20 ] Sidaa darteed, haddii electrodes ay leeyihiin emfs E 1 {\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{1}}iyo E 2 {\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{2}}, ka dibna emf net waa E 2 - E 1 {\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{2}-{\mathcal {E}}_{1}}; Si kale haddii loo dhigo, emf-ka saafiga ah waa faraqa u dhexeeya awoodaha dhimista ee falcelinta nuska ah . Awoodda wadista korontada ama ∆ V b a t {\displaystyle \ displaystyle {\Delta V_{bat}}}guud ahaan terminaalka unuggu waxa loo yaqaan teerminal danab (farqiga) waxaana lagu cabbiraa volts . Tamarta tamarta ee unugga aan ku dallacayn ama daacin waxaa loo yaqaan danabka wareegga furan oo la siman emf unugga. Sababtoo ah iska caabin gudaha ah, danabka terminal ee unugga soo daaya wuu ka yar yahay cabbirka korantada wareegga furan iyo tamarta korantada ee unugga ku dallacaya ayaa ka sarreeya tamarta wareegga furan. Unug ku habboon ayaa leh iska caabin gudaha ah oo dayacan, sidaa darteed waxay ilaalin doontaa koronto joogto ah oo joogto ah E {\ displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}}ilaa aad ka daalato, ka dibna u dhacayso eber. Haddii unugga noocaan ah uu sii hayo 1.5 volts oo uu soo saaro kharashka hal coulomb ka dib marka la sii daayo oo dhammaystiran wuxuu sameyn lahaa 1.5 joules oo shaqo ah. Unugyada dhabta ah, iska caabbinta gudaha ayaa kor u kaca marka la sii daayo iyo korantada wareegga furan ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhigta hoos u dhigista. Haddii danabka iyo iska caabbinta loo qorsheeyey waqti ka hor, garaafyada ka dhasha caadi ahaan waa qalooc; qaabka qaloocadu wuu kala duwan yahay iyadoo loo eegayo kiimikada iyo habaynta gudaha ee la shaqaaleysiiyay. Korontada laga sameeyay guud ahaan terminalka unuggu waxay ku xidhan tahay soo daynta tamarta falcelinta kiimikaad ee electrodes-ka iyo korantada . Unugyada alkaline iyo zinc-carbon waxay leeyihiin kiimiko kala duwan, laakiin qiyaastii emf isku mid ah oo ah 1.5 volts; sidoo kale unugyada NiCd iyo NiMH waxay leeyihiin kimistariyo kala duwan, laakiin qiyaastii emf isku mid ah oo ah 1.2 volts. Isbeddelka suurtagalka ah ee korantada kiimikaad sare ee falcelinta xeryahooda lithium waxay siinayaan unugyada lithium emfs 3 volts ama ka badan. Ku dhawaad ​​shay kasta oo dareere ah ama qoyan leh oo leh ion ku filan si uu koronto ahaan u maamulo wuxuu u adeegi karaa sida elektrolytka unugga. Muujinta ugub ama sayniska, waxaa suurtagal ah in la geliyo laba electrodes oo ka samaysan biro kala duwan liin , baradhada, iwm oo ay dhaliyaan qadar yar oo koronto ah. Tusmada Voltaic waxaa laga samayn karaa laba qadaadiic (sida nikkel iyo dinaar ) iyo tuwaal warqad ah oo lagu rusheeyey biyaha milixda ah . Tusmada noocan oo kale ah waxay dhalinaysaa danab aad u hooseeya laakiin, marka qaar badan oo isxigxiga ay isku xiran yihiin , waxay bedeli karaan baytariyada caadiga ah muddo gaaban ==Noocyada== ===Beteriyada aasaasiga ah iyo kuwa sare=== [[File:Batteries_comparison_4,5_D_C_AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_9V_CR2032_LR44_matchstick-vertical.jpeg|thumb|Kor ilaa hoos: batari weyn oo 4.5-volt 3R12 , unug D , unug C , unug AA ah , unug AAA ah , unug AAAA ah , batari A23 , batari PP3 9-volt ah , iyo laba unug badhano ah (CR2032 iyo LR44)]] Baytariyada waxaa loo kala saaraa qaabab hoose iyo sare: Baytariyada aasaasiga ah waxaa loogu talagalay in la isticmaalo ilaa inta ay tamartu ka dhamaato kadibna la tuuro. Falcelintooda kiimikaad guud ahaan dib looma celin karo, markaa dib looma dallaci karo. Marka sahayda reactants ee ku jirta batteriga ay dhamaato, batarigu waxa uu joogsadaa soo saarista hadda oo faa'iido ma leh. Baytariyada labaad waa la dallaci karaa; taas oo ah, waxay dib u rogi karaan fal-celintooda kiimikaad iyaga oo ku dhejinaya qulqulka tamarta unugga. Tani waxay dib u soo noolaynaysaa fal-celiyeyaasha kiimikaad ee asalka ahaa, si loo isticmaalo, dib loo dallaci karo, loona isticmaali karo mar kale dhowr jeer. Qaar ka mid ah noocyada baytariyada aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo, tusaale ahaan, wareegyada telegaraafka , ayaa dib loogu soo celiyay shaqada iyada oo la beddelayo korantada. Baytariyada labaad maaha kuwo si aan xad lahayn loo dallaci karo sababtoo ah kala-baxa walxaha firfircoon, luminta elektrolytka iyo daxalka gudaha. Baytariyada aasaasiga ah, ama unugyada asaasiga ah , waxay soo saari karaan hadda marka la isku yimaado. Kuwan waxaa inta badan lagu isticmaalaa aaladaha la qaadi karo ee leh biyo-mareenka hadda socda, waxaa loo istcimaalaa oo kaliya si teel-teel ah, ama si fiican loo isticmaalo ilo kale oo koronto ah, sida alaarmiga iyo wareegyada isgaarsiineed halkaas oo quwadda kale ee korontadu ay tahay mid si teel-teel ah loo heli karo. Unugyada aasaasiga ah ee la tuuri karo dib looma dallaci karo si la isku halleyn karo, maadaama falcelinta kiimikaad aysan si sahal ah loo beddeli karin, agabka firfircoonina kuma soo laaban karo qaabkoodii asalka ahaa. Soosaarayaasha baytarigu waxay ku talinayaan in aan la isku dayin in ay dib u buuxiyaan unugyada aasaasiga ah. Guud ahaan, kuwani waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta tamarta sare marka loo eego baytariyada dib loo buuxin karo, laakiin baytariyada la tuuri karo si fiican uguma socdaan codsiyada dareeraha sare leh ee ka hooseeya 75 ohms (75 Ω). Noocyada caadiga ah ee baytariyada la tuuri karo waxaa ka mid ah baytariyada zinc-carbon iyo baytariyada alkaline . Beteriyada labaad, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano unugyo sare , ama baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo , waa in lagu dalaco kahor isticmaalka koowaad; inta badan waxaa lagu soo ururiyaa qalab firfircoon oo ku jira gobolka la sii daayay. Baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo waxaa lagu dallacay iyadoo la isticmaalayo koronto, taasoo beddesha falcelinta kiimikaad ee dhaca inta lagu jiro sii daynta/isticmaalka. Aaladaha siinaya wakhtiga ku haboon waxa loo yaqaan chargers. Nooca ugu da'da weyn ee baytariga dib loo dallaci karo waa baytari-asiidh-ashitada , kaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo codsiyada baabuurta iyo doomaha . Farsamadan waxay ka kooban tahay dareere elektrolyte ah oo ku jira weel aan la xirin, una baahan in batteriga lagu hayo mid toosan oo aagga si wanaagsan loo hawo si loo hubiyo in si badbaado leh loo kala firdhiyo gaasta hydrogen ee ay soo saarto inta lagu jiro dallacaadda xad dhaafka ah . Bateriga rasaasta-ashitada ayaa aad ugu culus cadadka tamarta korantada ee uu bixin karo. Kharashkeeda wax soo saar ee hooseeya iyo heerarkeeda sare u kaca ee hadda ayaa ka dhigaya mid caadi ah halka awooddeeda (in ka badan ku dhawaad ​​10 Ah) ay aad uga muhiimsan tahay arrimaha miisaanka iyo maaraynta. Codsiga caadiga ah waa batteriga casriga ah ee baabuurta , kaas oo guud ahaan, keeni kara xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee 450 amperes . ===Halabuurka=== [[File:Dry_cell_(PSF).png|thumb|Sawirka xariijinta ee unugga qallalan: 1. Koofi naxaas ah, 2. shaabad caag ah, 3. meel ballaadhineed, 4. kartoonno dalool ah, 5. zinc can, 6. Usha kaarboon, 7. isku dhafka kiimikada]] Noocyo badan oo unugyo kiimiko ah ayaa la soo saaray, oo leh habab kiimiko oo kala duwan iyo naqshado, oo ay ku jiraan unugyo galvanic , unugyo elektrolytic ah , unugyo shidaal , unugyo qulqulaya iyo tuulmooyin voltaic ah. Batteriga unugga qoyan wuxuu leeyahay korontoley dareere ah . Magacyada kale waa unug daadad ah , maadaama dareeruhu uu daboolayo dhammaan qaybaha gudaha ama unugga hawada laga sii daayo , maaddaama gaasaska la soo saaro inta lagu jiro hawlgalka ay u baxsan karaan hawada. Unugyada qoyan waxay horudhac u ahaayeen unugyada qalalan waxaana caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa sidii qalab waxbarasho oo loogu talagalay korantada . Waxaa lagu dhisi karaa sahayda shaybaadhka caadiga ah, sida beaker , si loo muujiyo sida unugyada korantada u shaqeeyaan. Nooc gaar ah oo ka mid ah unugga qoyan ee loo yaqaanno unugga fiirsashada ayaa muhiim u ah fahamka daxalka . Unugyada qoyan waxay noqon karaan unugyo asaasiga ah (aan dib la dallaci karin) ama unugyo sare (dib-u-cusbooneysii). Asal ahaan, dhammaan baytariyada aasaasiga ah ee la taaban karo sida unugga Daniell waxa loo dhisay unug qoyan oo dhalo ah oo korka furan. Unugyada kale ee qoyan waa unugga Leclanche , unugga Grove , unugga Bunsen , unugga chromic acid , unugga Clark , iyo unugga Weston . Kiimikada unugga Leclanche waxaa lagu habeeyey unugyadii ugu horreeyay ee qallalan. Unugyada qoyan ayaa weli loo isticmaalaa baytariyada baabuurta iyo warshadaha si ay u helaan awoodda heeganka ah ee qalabka beddelka , isgaarsiinta ama sahay koronto oo waaweyn oo aan kala go' lahayn , laakiin meelo badan baytariyada unugyada jelka ayaa la isticmaalay. Codsiyadani waxay caadi ahaan adeegsadaan unugyada rasaasta-ashitada ama nikkel-cadmium . Batariyada milixda dhalaalay waa baytariyada aasaasiga ah ama kuwa sare ee u isticmaala milix dhalaalaysa sidii elektrolyte ahaan. Waxay ku shaqeeyaan heerkul sare waana inay ahaadaan kuwo si fiican u dahaaran si uu kulaylka u ilaaliyo. Unug qallalan ayaa isticmaala koollada koolada, oo leh qoyaan ku filan oo keliya si uu hadda u socdo. Si ka duwan unugga qoyan, unugga qallalan wuxuu ku shaqeyn karaa jihada kasta isagoon daadan, maadaama aysan ku jirin dareere bilaash ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon qalabka la qaadi karo. Marka la barbardhigo, unugyadii ugu horreeyay ee qoyan waxay caadi ahaan ahaayeen weel jilicsan oo dhalo ah oo leh ulaha rasaasta ee ka soo laadlaadsan xagga sare ee furan waxayna u baahdeen maarayn taxaddar leh si looga fogaado daadinta. baytariyada lead-ashitada ma aysan gaarin badbaadada iyo qaadida unugga qallalan ilaa laga soo saarayo baytariga jel . Unug qalalan oo caadi ah waa batari zinc-kaarboon ah , mararka qaarkood loo yaqaan unugga qallalan ee Leclanché , oo leh danab magaceedu yahay 1.5 volts , oo la mid ah baytariga alkaline (maadaama ay labaduba isticmaalaan isku dhafka zinc - manganese dioxide ). Unugga qallalan ee caadiga ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay zinc anode, badanaa qaab dheri cylindrical ah, oo leh cathode kaarboon oo qaab usha dhexe ah. Electrolyte-ku waa ammonium chloride qaab koollo ah oo ku xiga zinc anode. Meesha soo hartay ee u dhaxaysa electrolyte iyo cathode kaarboon waxaa lagu qaadaa koollo labaad oo ka kooban ammonium chloride iyo manganese dioxide, kan dambe wuxuu u dhaqmayaa sidii depolariser . Naqshadayaasha qaarkood, ammonium chloride waxaa lagu beddelay zinc chloride . Baytariga kaydka ah waxa lagu kaydin karaa iyada oo aan la soo ururin (aan shaqayn oo aan bixin wax koronto ah) muddo dheer (laga yaabee sanado). Marka batteriga loo baahan yahay, ka dibna waa la ururiyaa (tusaale, iyadoo lagu darayo electrolyte); Marka la isku keeno, batteriga waa la dalacayaa oo diyaar u ah inuu shaqeeyo. Tusaale ahaan, baytariga fuuska madaafiicda elegtarooniga ah waxa laga yaabaa in uu kiciyo saamaynta qoriga rididda. Dardargelintu waxay jebisaa kaabsulka elektrolytka kaaso dhaqaajiya baytariga oo awood u yeesha wareegyada fuze-ga. Batariyada kaydka ah waxaa badanaa loogu talagalay nolol adeeg gaaban (ilbiriqsi ama daqiiqado) kaydinta dheer ka dib (sanado). Baytariga biyaha ku shaqeeya ee aaladaha oceanographic ama codsiyada militariga wuxuu noqdaa mid firfircoon marka la geliyo biyaha. On 28 February 2017, Jaamacadda Texas ee Austin ayaa soo saartay war-saxaafadeed ku saabsan nooc cusub oo batari adag-state ah , oo ay sameeyeen koox ay hogaaminayaan hal-abuuraha batari lithium-ion John Goodenough , "taasi waxay u horseedi kartaa badbaado, dhaqso-dallaca, baytariyada dib-u-cusboonaynta dheer ee qalabka gacanta, baabuurta korontada iyo kaydinta tamarta taagan". Batteriga adag ee gobolka ayaa sidoo kale la sheegay inuu leeyahay "saddex jeer cufnaanta tamarta", kordhinta nolosheeda waxtarka leh ee baabuurta korontada, tusaale ahaan. Sidoo kale waa in ay ahaataa mid deegaan ahaan dhawaqeeda maadaama ay tignoolajiyadu adeegsato wax aan qaali ahayn, agabka dhulka u fiican sida soodiyamka laga soo saaro biyaha badda. Waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin nolol aad u dheer. Sony waxay samaysay baytari bayooloji ah oo koronto ka soo saara sonkorta si la mid ah hababka lagu arkay noolaha. Batarigu waxa uu koronto ka dhaliyaa isticmaalka enzymes-ka jebiya karbohaydraytyada. Battery-ga acid-ashitada lagu maamulo waalka xiran (VRLA baturi) ayaa caan ka ah warshadaha baabuurta si uu u beddelo unugga qoyan ee asiidhka. Batteriga VRLA wuxuu isticmaalaa korantada sulfuric acid ee aan dhaqdhaqaaq lahayn , taasoo yaraynaysa fursada daadinta iyo kordhinta nolosha shelf . Baytariyada VRLA waxay dejiyaan korantada. Labada nooc waa: Baytariyada jel (ama "cell cell") waxay isticmaalaan koronto-dhal adag. Batariyada Muraayadaha La nuugo (AGM) waxay nuugaan elektrolytka ee matting fiberglass gaar ah. Beteriyada kale ee la qaadi karo ee dib loo buuxin karo waxaa ka mid ah dhowr nooc oo "unug qalalan" oo xiran, kuwaas oo faa'iido u leh codsiyada sida telefoonnada gacanta iyo kombiyuutarada laptop-ka . Unugyada noocaan ah (sida ay u kordhayaan cufnaanta awoodda iyo qiimaha) waxaa ka mid ah nikkel-cadmium (NiCd), nikkel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), iyo unugyada lithium-ion (Li-ion). Li-ion ayaa ilaa hadda leh saamiga ugu sarreeya ee suuqa unugyada qalalan ee dib loo dallaci karo. NiMH waxay ku bedeshay NiCd codsiyada badankooda sababtoo ah awooddeeda sare, laakiin NiCd ayaa weli ku jirta isticmaalka aaladaha korantada , raadiyaha laba-geesoodka ah , iyo qalabka caafimaadka . In 2000s, horumarinta waxaa ka mid ah baytariyada leh qalabka elektarooniga ah sida USBCELL , kaas oo u ogolaanaya in ay ku dallaca batari AA dhex xiriiriyaha USB ah, baytariyada nanoball u ogolaanaya in heerka dheecaan ah oo ku saabsan 100x ka weyn baytariyada hadda, iyo batteriga smart xirmooyinka gobolka-of-lacag iyo wareegyada ilaalinta batteriga ka hortagtaa waxyeellada on-dejinta. Hoos-u-soo-dejinta (LSD) waxay ogolaataa unugyada sare in lagu dalaco ka hor intaan la dhoofin. Baytariyada Lithium-sulfur ayaa loo adeegsaday duulimaadka ugu dheer uguna sareeya ee tamarta qoraxda. ===Darajooyinka macaamiisha iyo warshadaha=== Beteriyada nooc kasta ah waxa lagu soo saaray heerarka macmiisha iyo warshadaha. Beteriyada heerka warshadaha qaaliga ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay adeegsadaan kiimikooyin bixiya saamiga awood-ilaa-xajmiga sare, leh is-daynta hoose iyo markaa cimriga dheer marka aan la isticmaalin, adkaysi badan u leh daadinta iyo, tusaale ahaan, awoodda lagu xakameynayo heerkulka sare iyo qoyaanka la xidhiidha jeermiska autoclave caafimaad. ===Isku-dhafka iyo maamulka=== Baytariyada qaabka caadiga ah waxaa la geliya bateriga haya qalabka isticmaala. Marka qalabku aanu isticmaalin baytariyada caadiga ah, waxa sida caadiga ah lagu daraa xidhmo batari caado u ah kaas oo haya baytariyo badan marka lagu daro sifooyinka ay ka midka yihiin nidaamka maaraynta baytariga iyo go'doominta baytari kaas oo hubiya in baytariyada ku dhex jira la dalacay oo si siman loo sii daayay. ===Cabbirrada=== Baytariyada aasaasiga ah ee ay heli karaan macaamiishu waxay isugu jiraan unugyo yar yar oo badhanka loo isticmaalo saacadaha korontada, ilaa unugga 6 ee loo isticmaalo wareegyada signalada ama codsiyada kale ee mudada dheer. Unugyada sare waxaa lagu sameeyaa qiyaaso aad u weyn; baytariyada aadka u waaweyn ayaa awood u siin kara badda hoosteeda ama waxay dejin karaan shabkada korantada waxayna caawin karaan in la saaro culayska ugu sarreeya. Laga bilaabo 2017 , batteriga adduunka ugu weyn waxaa Koonfurta Australia ka dhisay Tesla . Waxay kaydin kartaa 129 MWh. Batari ku yaala Gobolka Hebei ee dalka Shiinaha, kaas oo kaydin kara 36 MWh oo koronto ah ayaa la dhisay sanadkii 2013-kii, waxaana ku baxday lacag dhan $500 milyan. Batari kale oo weyn, oo ka kooban unugyo Ni-Cd , ayaa ku yaal Fairbanks, Alaska . Waxay dabooshay 2,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran (22,000 sq ft) — ka weyn garoon kubbadda cagta—oo culeyskeedu dhan yahay 1,300 oo tan. Waxaa soo saaray ABB si ay u bixiso awood kayd ah haddii ay dhacdo madow. Batarigu wuxuu ku siin karaa 40 MW oo koronto ah ilaa toddobo daqiiqo. Batariyada Sodium-sulfur ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu kaydiyo tamarta dabaysha . Nidaamka batteriga 4.4 MWh kaas oo keeni kara 11 MW 25 daqiiqo ayaa dejinaya wax soo saarka beerta dabaysha ee Auwahi ee Hawaii. ==Waxqabadka, kartida iyo ka saarista== [[File:Battery_checker.jpg|thumb|Qalab lagu hubiyo danab batari]] Sifooyinka batteriga ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku kala duwanaadaan wareegga rarka, wareegga kharashka , iyo cimriga oo dhan sababo badan oo ay ka mid yihiin kiimikada gudaha, qulqulka hadda jira , iyo heerkulka. Heerkulka hoose, batarigu ma bixin karo awood intaa le'eg. Sidan oo kale, cimilada qabow, qaar ka mid ah milkiilayaasha baabuurta waxay ku rakibaan kulayliyeyaasha baytariyada, kuwaas oo ah qalab yar oo kuleyl ah oo koronto ah oo ka ilaaliya batteriga baabuurka. Awooda baytarigu waa xadiga xadiga korantada ee uu ku keeni karo danab aan hoos uga dhicin danabkii la cayimay. Walxaha korantada ee unugga ku jira oo badan ayaa sii kordhinaya awooddeeda. Unug yar ayaa ka awood yar unug weyn oo isku kiimiko ah, in kasta oo ay yeeshaan koronto isku mid ah oo wareeg ah. Awoodda waxaa badanaa lagu sheegaa saacadaha ampere-hours (A·h) (mAh ee baytariyada yaryar). Awoodda lagu qiimeeyay batteriga waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa sida badeecadda 20 saacadood lagu dhufto hadda oo batteriga cusub uu si joogto ah u bixin karo 20 saacadood 20 ° C (68 ° F), isagoo ka sarreeya korantada terminal cayiman ee unug kasta. Tusaale ahaan, baytariga lagu qiimeeyay 100 Ah wuxuu keeni karaa 5 A in ka badan 20 saacadood heerkulka qolka . Jajabka kharashka kaydsan ee uu batarigu keeni karo waxay ku xidhan tahay dhawr arrimood, oo ay ku jiraan kimistariga batteriga, heerka lagu soo dallacay (hadda), danabka terminalka ee loo baahan yahay, wakhtiga kaydinta, heerkulka deegaanka iyo arrimo kale. Markasta oo uu sarreeyo heerka dheecaanka, ayaa hoos u dhacaya awoodda. Xidhiidhka u dhexeeya wakhtigan xaadirka ah, wakhtiga sii daynta iyo awooda baytari aashitada rasaasta waxa lagu qiyaasaa (in ka badan inta caadiga ah ee qiimaha hadda) sharciga Peukert : Baytariyada la dallacay (la dallaci karo ama la tuuri karo) waxay luminayaan kharashka is-daajin gudaha ah muddo ka dib in kasta oo aan la sii dayn, sababtoo ah joogitaanka guud ahaan falcelinno dhinac ah oo aan laga noqon karin oo cuna xajiyeyaasha iyada oo aan soo saarin hadda. Heerka is-daajintu waxay ku xiran tahay kimistariga batteriga iyo dhismaha, caadi ahaan bilo ilaa sanado khasaare weyn. Marka baytariyada dib loo dallaco, falcelinta dhinaca kale ee dheeraadka ah waxay yaraynaysaa awooda sii daynta danbe. Dib u dallacis ku filan ka dib, nuxur ahaan awooda oo dhan way luminaysaa oo batarigu wuxuu joogsadaa soo saarista awooda. Khasaaraha tamarta gudaha iyo xaddidnaanta heerka ions ay soo maraan elektrolytka ayaa sababa in waxtarka batteriga uu kala duwanaado. Ka sarreeya heerka ugu hooseeya, ku dallaynta heerka hoose waxay keenaysaa in ka badan awoodda batteriga marka loo eego heer ka sarreeya. Ku rakibida baytariyada leh qiimaynta A·h ee kala duwan waxay beddeshaa wakhtiga shaqada, laakiin ma aha hawlgalka aaladda ilaa xadka rarka la dhaafo. Culayska dareeraha badan sida kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah ayaa yarayn kara guud ahaan awoodda baytariyada dib la buuxin karo ama la tuuri karo. Tusaale ahaan, baytariga lagu qiimeeyay 2 Ah ee dareeraha 10- ama 20-saac ma sii jiri doono hadda 1 A ilaa laba saacadood oo buuxa sida awoodiisa lagu sheegay. C-qiimuhu waa cabbirka heerka batteriga lagu dallacay ama lagu sii daayay. Waxaa lagu qeexaa sida hadda ku dhex jira batteriga oo loo qaybiyay sawirka hadda jira ee batterigu uu ku keeno awoodiisa lagu qiimeeyay hal saac gudaheed. Waxay leedahay halbeegyada h -1 . Sababtoo ah luminta iska caabbinta gudaha iyo hababka kiimikaad ee gudaha unugyada, batteriga marar dhif ah ayuu keenaa awoodda lagu qiimeeyay magaca hal saac gudaheed. Caadi ahaan, awoodda ugu badan waxaa laga helaa heer hoose oo C, iyo ku dallacaadda ama ku shubista heerka sare ee C waxay yaraynaysaa nolosha la isticmaali karo iyo awoodda batteriga. Soo-saareyaashu waxay inta badan daabacaan xaashida xogta oo leh garaafyo muujinaya karti iyo qaloocyada heerka C. C-rate waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa qiimayn ahaan baytariyada si loo muujiyo wakhtiga ugu badan ee uu batarigu si badbaado leh ugu gudbin karo wareegga. Heerarka baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo guud ahaan waxay qiimeeyaan awoodda iyo dallacaadaha wareegyada 4-saac (0.25C), 8 saac (0.125C) ama wakhtiga sii daynta ka badan. Noocyada loogu talagalay ujeedooyin gaar ah, sida kombuyuutar koronto aan kala goyn karin , waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku qiimeeyaan soosaarayaasha waqtiyada sii deynta wax ka yar hal saac (1C) laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa inay la kulmaan nolol wareeg ah oo xaddidan. Sannadkii 2009-kii tijaabada lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO 4) Tiknoolajiyada baytarigu waxay bixisay dallacaadda ugu dhaqsaha badan iyo gaarsiinta tamarta, iyadoo ku shubaysa tamarteeda oo dhan 10 ilaa 20 ilbiriqsi gudahood. Sannadkii 2024 batari nooca baabuurta korantada ah oo ka qaadi kara 10% ilaa 80% shan daqiiqo gudahood ayaa la soo bandhigay, iyo shirkad Shiineys ah ayaa sheegtay in baytariyada baabuurta ee ay soo bandhigtay ay ku dallaceen 10% ilaa 80% 10.5 daqiiqo - baytariyada ugu dhaqsaha badan ee la heli karo -marka loo eego Tesla's -15. ==Cimriga iyo dulqaadka== [[File:2011-04-04_18-35-26_267.jpg|thumb|Kaamirada analooga ah lithium ion baytari]] Nolosha batteriga (ama nolosha) waxay leedahay laba macne oo baytariyada dib loo dallaci karo laakiin mid keliya ayaa loogu talagalay kuwa aan la dallaci karin. Waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qeexo dhererka wakhtiga uu qalabku ku shaqayn karo batari si buuxda u dallacay—tani waxa kale oo si aan mugdi lahayn loogu yeedhaa "dulqaad". Batariga dib loo dallaci karo waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa tirada wareegyada lacag-qaadista/soo-dejinta ee suurtogalka ah ka hor inta unugyadu ay ku guul darraystaan ​​inay u shaqeeyaan si ku qanacsan - tani sidoo kale waxaa loogu yeeraa "mustaqbalka". Erayga nolosha shelf waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qeexo inta uu batarigu sii hayn doono waxqabadkiisa inta u dhaxaysa soo saarista iyo isticmaalka. Awoodda la heli karo ee dhammaan baytariyadu waxay hoos u dhacaan heerkulka hoos u dhaca. Si ka duwan inta badan baytariyada maanta, Tusmada Zamboni , oo la allifay 1812, waxay bixisaa nolol aad u dheer oo adeeg ah iyada oo aan dib-u-habayn ama dib-u-dajin, inkastoo ay keeni karto wax aad u yar hadda (nanoamps). The Oxford Electric Bell waxa uu si joogto ah u soo wacayay ilaa 1840-kii labadiisii ​​baytari ee asalka ahaa, oo loo malaynayay in ay yihiin batariyada Zamboni. Baytariyada la tuuri karo waxay caadi ahaan lumiyaan 8-20% khidmadoodii asalka ahayd sanadkii marka lagu kaydiyo heerkulka qolka (20-30 °C). Tan waxaa loo yaqaan heerka "is-soo-dejinta", waxaana sabab u ah fal-celinta kiimikada "dhinaca" ee aan hadda-soo-saarka lahayn ee ka dhaca unugga dhexdiisa xitaa marka aan culeys la saarin. Heerarka falcelinta dhinacyadu waa la dhimay baytariyada lagu kaydiyo heerkulka hoose, inkasta oo qaarkood ay waxyeeloobi karaan marka la qaboojiyo iyo ku kaydinta talaajadu si macno leh uma sii dheerayn doonto cimriga shelf waxayna khatar gelinaysaa uumiga. Baytariyadii hore ee dib-u-jallaabi kara ayaa iskood u soo daaya si ka dhaqso badan baytariyada alkaline ee la tuuri karo, gaar ahaan baytariyada nikkel-ku-salaysan; Batari cusub oo nikkel cadmium (NiCd) ah ayaa luminaya 10% kharashkiisa 24-ka saacadood ee ugu horreeya, ka dibna wuxuu sii daayaa qiyaastii 10% bishii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baytariyada nikkel-birta hydride (NiMH) ee cusub iyo naqshadaha lithium-ka casriga ah waxay muujinayaan heerka is-soo-dejinta hoose (laakiin weli wuu ka sarreeyaa baytariyada aasaasiga ah). Walxaha firfircoon ee taarikada batteriga waxay beddelaan isku dhafka kiimikaad ee kharash kasta iyo wareegga dheecaanka; Walxaha firfircooni waxay lumin karaan isbeddellada jirka ee mugga, taasoo sii xaddidaysa tirada jeer ee batteriga dib loo dallaci karo. Inta badan baytariyada nikkel-ku-salaysan qayb ahaan waa la sii daayaa marka la iibsado, waana in lagu dalaco ka hor intaan la isticmaalin. Baytariyada NiMH ee cusub waxay diyaar u yihiin in la isticmaalo marka la iibsado, waxayna leeyihiin kaliya 15% sii daynta sanad gudihii. Qaar ka mid ah xumaanta waxay ku dhacdaa kharash kasta - wareegga daadinta. Burburinta badanaa waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah elektrolytku wuu ka guuraa elektirootooyinka ama sababtoo ah walxaha firfircooni waxay ka go'aan electrodes-ka. Beteriyada NiMH ee awoodda hooseeya (1,700–2,000 mA·h) waxaa lagu dallaci karaa 1,000 jeer, halka awoodda sare ee NiMH baytariyada (oo ka sarreeya 2,500 mA·h) ay socdaan ilaa 500 wareeg. Batariyada NiCd waxay u muuqdaan in lagu qiimeeyay wareegyada 1,000 ka hor inta aan caabbinta guduhu si joogto ah u kordhin qiimaha la isticmaali karo. Dallacaadda degdegga ah waxay kordhisaa isbeddelada qaybaha, waxay gaabinaysaa cimriga batteriga. Haddii dallayuhu aanu ogaan karin marka batteriga si buuxda loo dallaco ka dib waxa ay u badan tahay in dallad xad-dhaaf ah ay waxyeello u geysato. Unugyada NiCd, haddii loo isticmaalo hab gaar ah oo soo noqnoqonaya, waxa laga yaabaa inay muujiyaan hoos u dhac xagga awoodda ah oo loo yaqaan " saamaynta xusuusta ". Saamaynta waxaa looga fogaan karaa dhaqamada fudud. Unugyada NiMH, in kasta oo ay la mid yihiin kimistariga, waxay la il daran yihiin saamaynta xusuusta. Batariyada rasaasta-asiidhka ah ee baabuurta lagu shubo waa inay u adkeystaan ​​walbahaarka sababtoo ah gariirka, shoogga, iyo kala duwanaanta heerkulka. Culaysyadan iyo sulfation- ka taargooyinkooda rasaasta awgeed, baytariyada baabuurta yar ayaa dhaafa lix sano oo si joogto ah loo isticmaalo. Bilawga baabuurta ( SLI : Bilawga, Iftiinka, Ignition ) baytariyadu waxay leeyihiin taargooyin dhuuban oo badan si ay u kordhiyaan hadda. Guud ahaan, taargooyinka dhumucdiisuna waxay sii dheeraanaysaa nolosha. Caadi ahaan waxyar ayaa laga sii daayaa ka hor intaysan dib u dallacin. Beteriyada "lead-acid" ee "lead-acid" sida kuwa loo isticmaalo gawaarida kubbadda korantada waxay leeyihiin taargooyin ka dhumuc weyn si ay u kordhiyaan cimriga dheer. Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee baytari-ashitada rasaastu waa qiimihiisu yar yahay; cilladaheeda ugu waaweyn waa cabbirka iyo culeyska awoodda iyo tamarta la siiyay. Baytariyada sunta rasaasta-ashitada waligood waa inaan lagu sii dayn inay ka hooseeyaan 20% awoodooda, sababtoo ah iska caabbinta gudaha waxay sababi doontaa kulayl iyo dhaawac marka dib loo buuxiyo. Nidaamyada acid-asiidh-wareega-qoto-dheer waxay inta badan adeegsadaan nalka digniinta hoose ama dab-damiye koronto yar-yar si looga hortago nooca dhaawaca soo gaabin doona nolosha batteriga. Nolosha batteriga waxaa lagu kordhin karaa iyadoo lagu kaydinayo baytariyada heerkul hoose, sida qaboojiyaha ama qaboojiyaha , kaas oo hoos u dhigaya falcelinta dhinaca. Kaydinta noocan oo kale ah waxay kordhin kartaa nolosha baytariyada alkaline qiyaastii 5%; baytariyada dib loo buuxin karaa waxay hayn karaan kharashkooda in ka badan, iyadoo ku xidhan nooca. Si loo gaaro danabkooda ugu badan, baytariyada waa in lagu celiyaa heerkulka qolka; Ku shubista baytari alkaline ah 250 mA at 0 °C waa kala badh oo kaliya sida ugu waxtarka badan 20 °C. Soosaarayaasha baytariyada alkaline sida Duracell kuma talinayaan in baytariyada qaboojiyaan. ==Khataraha== [[File:BATTERY_EXPLOSION_IN_TEST_CELL_-_NARA_-_17443202.jpg|thumb|Battery qaraxa ka dibBattery qaraxa ka dib]] Qarxinta baytariga guud ahaan waxaa sababa si xun u isticmaalka ama cilladda, sida isku dayga in dib loo dalacsiiyo bateriga aasaasiga ah (aan dib loo dallaci karin), ama wareeg gaaban . Marka batteriga lagu dallaco si xad dhaaf ah, gaaska qarxa ee isku dhafka hydrogen iyo ogsijiinta ayaa laga yaabaa in loo soo saaro si ka dhaqso badan inta uu ka baxsan karo batteriga dhexdiisa (tusaale hawo ku dhex jirta), taasoo keenta cadaadis kor u kaca iyo ugu dambeyntii inuu dillaaco kiiska batteriga. Xaalado aad u daran, kiimikooyinka baytariga ayaa laga yaabaa inay si xoog leh uga buufiyaan daboolka oo ay dhaawac u geystaan. Khubarada oo soo koobaya dhibaatada ayaa tilmaamaysa in noocani uu isticmaalo "electrolytes dareere ah si loogu qaado ion lithium inta u dhaxaysa anode iyo cathode. Haddii unugga baytari si degdeg ah loo dallaco, waxay keeni kartaa wareeg gaaban, taasoo keenta qaraxyo iyo dab". Batariyada baabuurtu waxay u badan tahay inay qarxaan marka wareegga gaaban uu dhaliyo qulqulo aad u weyn. Baytariyada noocan oo kale ah waxay soo saaraan hydrogen , taas oo ah mid aad u qarxa, marka ay ku badan yihiin (sababtoo ah electrolysis ee biyaha ku jira electrolyte). Inta lagu jiro isticmaalka caadiga ah, qadarka xad-dhaafka ah inta badan waa mid aad u yar oo soo saara hydrogen yar, kaas oo si degdeg ah u baabi'iya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka aad "boodeyso" baabuurka, xawaaraha sare wuxuu keeni karaa in si degdeg ah loo sii daayo mug badan oo hydrogen ah, kaas oo lagu shidi karo si qarax ah dhinbiil u dhow, tusaale ahaan marka la jarayo fiilada boodboodka . Dallacaadda xad-dhaafka ah (isku dayga in lagu dallaco baytari ka baxsan awoodda korantada) waxa kale oo ay keeni kartaa qarax batari, marka lagu daro daadinta ama burbur aan laga soo kaban karin. Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay waxyeelo u geysato dabaysha ama qalabka kaas oo hadhow lagu isticmaalo baytariga xad dhaafka ah. Ku tuurida baytariga gubida waxay sababi kartaa qarax maadaama uumi ku soo ururayo kiis xidhan. [[File:LeakedBattery_2701a.jpg|thumb|Leak -khasaare baytari alkaline ah]] Kiimikooyin badan oo baytariyadu waa daxal, sun ama labadaba. Haddii dheecaanku dhaco, si kedis ah ama shil, kiimikooyinka la sii daayo waxay noqon karaan khatar. Tusaale ahaan, baytariyada la tuuri karo waxay inta badan isticmaalaan "zinc" labadaba sidii fal-celiyeyaasha iyo sida weelka si ay u qabtaan reagents kale. Haddii batteriga noocaan ah uu si xad dhaaf ah u sii daayo, reagents-yadu waxay ka soo bixi karaan kartoonnada iyo balaastiga ka samaysan inta ka hartay weelka. Diidashada kiimikada ee firfircoon ayaa markaa wax yeeli karta ama joojin karta qalabka baytariyadu ku shaqeeyaan. Sababtan awgeed, qaar badan oo ka mid ah soosaarayaasha qalabka elektiroonigga ah waxay ku talinayaan inay ka saaraan baytariyada aaladaha aan la isticmaali doonin waqti dheer. Noocyo badan oo baytari ah ayaa ka shaqeeya agabka sunta ah sida rasaasta, meerkuriga , iyo cadmiumka sidii electrode ama electrolyte. Marka batari kastaa gaadho dhamaadka nolosha waa in la tuuraa si looga hortago waxyeelada deegaanka. Baytariyadu waa hal nooc oo qashinka elektarooniga ah (e-waste). Adeegyada dib-u-warshadaynta-e-qashinku waxay soo kabanayaan walxaha sunta ah, kuwaas oo markaa loo isticmaali karo baytariyada cusub. Ku dhawaad ​​saddex bilyan oo baytari ah oo sanad walba laga iibsado gudaha Mareykanka, ilaa 179,000 oo tan ayaa ku dhamaanaya qashinka dalka oo dhan. Baytariyadu waxay noqon karaan kuwo waxyeello ama dhimasho haddii la liqo . Unugyada badhanka yaryar waa la liqi karaa, gaar ahaan carruurta yaryar. Inta lagu jiro habka dheef-shiidka, dheecaanka korantada ee batteriga wuxuu keeni karaa dhaawac unug; Dhaawaca noocan oo kale ah ayaa mararka qaarkood halis ah wuxuuna keeni karaa dhimasho. Baytariyada saxanka ee la dhuuqo inta badan dhib ma keenaan ilaa ay galaan mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka . Meesha ugu badan ee baytariyada diskooga si ay u seexdaan waa hunguriga, taas oo keenta cilado caafimaad . Baytariyada si guul leh uga gudba hunguriga uma badna inay meel kale ku hoydaan. Suurtagalnimada in baytariga saxanka ahi uu ku dhaco hunguriga hunguriga waa shaqada da'da bukaanka iyo cabbirka batteriga. Carruurta waaweyn dhib kuma qabaan baytariyada ka yar 21-23 mm. Liquefaction necrosis ayaa laga yaabaa inay dhacdo sababtoo ah sodium hydroxide waxaa soo saaray batteriga hadda soo saaray (sida caadiga ah anode). Daloolintu waxay u dhacday si degdeg ah 6 saacadood ka dib marka la nuugo. Qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha baytariyada ayaa dhadhan xun ku daray baytariyada si ay u niyad jabiyaan liqidda. ==Xeer-dejinta iyo habaynta== Sharciyada ku xeeran baytariyada korantada waxaa ka mid ah mowduucyo ay ka mid yihiin qashin badbaado leh iyo dib u warshadayn. Dalka Maraykanka, Xeerka Maareynta baytariyada Mercury-ku-kooban iyo dib-u-jallaabi kara ee 1996 waxa uu mamnuucay iibinta baytariyada meerkurigu ku jiro, waxa uu soo saaray shuruudaha calaamadaynta lebbiska ee baytariyada dib-u-dallaci kara oo u baahan in baytariyada dib-u-jallaabi kara si fudud looga saari karo. California iyo New York City waxay mamnuucayaan in lagu tuuro baytariyada dib loo buuxin karo qashinka adag. Warshadaha baytariga dib loo dallaci karo waxay ka hawlgashaa barnaamijyada dib u warshadaynta ee dalka oo dhan ee Maraykanka iyo Kanada, oo leh dhibco ka-dhicis ah dukaamada maxaliga ah. Dardaaranka baytari ee Midowga Yurub ayaa leh shuruudo la mid ah, marka lagu daro u baahan kordhinta dib u warshadaynta baytariyada iyo kor u qaadida cilmi baarista hababka dib u warshadaynta batteriga ee la hagaajiyay . Si waafaqsan dardaarankan dhammaan baytariyada lagu iibinayo gudaha Midowga Yurub waa in lagu calaamadiyaa "calaamadaha ururinta" Tani waa inay dabooshaa ugu yaraan 3% oogada baytariyada prismatic iyo 1.5% oogada baytariyada cylindrical. Dhammaan baakooyinka waa in sidoo kale loo calaamadeeyaa. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo shilalka iyo guul-darrooyinka la soo sheegay, mararka qaarkood shid ama qarax, dib u soo celinta aaladaha isticmaalaya baytariyada lithium-ion ayaa noqday kuwo aad u badan sannadihii u dambeeyay. Markay ahayd 9 Diseembar 2022, baarlamaanka Yurub wuxuu gaadhay heshiis lagu qasbayo, laga bilaabo 2026, soosaarayaasha inay naqshadeeyaan dhammaan qalabka korantada ee lagu iibiyo EU (oo aan inta badan loo isticmaalin xaaladaha qoyan) si ay macaamiishu si fudud uga saaraan oo ay u beddelaan baytariyada laftooda. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20080812080100/http://www.rbrc.org/consumer/howitallworks_faq.shtml "Shirkadda Dib-u-warshadaynta baytariga dib loo celin karo"] [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221205IPR60614/ "Batteries: heshiis ku saabsan xeerarka cusub ee EU ee naqshadeynta, wax soo saarka iyo daaweynta qashinka"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007014932/http://www.epbaeurope.net/documents/Newmarkingguidelines_final8March2011.pdf "Hagaha Shuruudaha Calaamadaynta baytariyada la qaadi karo ee Midowga Yurub 2008"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080411120602/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030399.html Korontada Terminalka. Tiscali Tixraaca. Asal ahaan ka yimid Hutchinson Encyclopaedia . La soo celiyay 7 Abriil 2007] [http://www.benfranklin300.org/frankliniana/result.php?id=72&sec=0 "Bateriga korantada" ee dhalooyinka Leyden - Benjamin Franklin Tercentenary"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=XMe1EnEMuMEC&q=battery%20two%20or%20more%20cells&pg=PA1 baytariyada Aaladaha la qaadi karo] [http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_A_Vision_for_a_Sustainable_Battery_Value_Chain_in_2030_Report.pdf Warbixinta Insight — Aragti loogu talagalay Silsiladda Qiimaha Battery waara sanadka 2030: Furitaanka Awood Buuxa oo Horumar Waara iyo Yaraynta Isbeddelka Cimilada] [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515005823/http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/drycellbattery/index.htm "Baytari unugga qallalan ee Columbia"] [http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf Alkaline Manganese Dioxide Handbook iyo Buugga Codsiga] {{Wayback|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/alkaline_appman.pdf |date=20101216071857 }} [https://news.utexas.edu/2017/02/28/goodenough-introduces-new-battery-technology "Inventor Battery Lithium-Ion Waxa Uu Soo Bandhigay Farsamo Cusub Oo Loogu Dallaco Degdega, Baytariyada Aan Dabka Lahayn"] [http://informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201802311 Sony Waxay Samaysay Batteri Biyo-Dheer Ah Oo Ay Ku Shaqaynayso Sonkorta] [https://news.sky.com/story/elon-musk-wins-50m-bet-with-giant-battery-for-south-australia-11141165 "Elon Musk wuxuu ku guuleystey $50m betteriga South Australia] [http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-01/china-builds-worlds-largest-battery-36-megawatt-hour-behemoth "Shiinuhu Wuxuu Dhisayaa Baytariga Ugu Weyn Adduunka, Cabbir Dhisme, 36-Megawatt-Saacadood Behemoth | Sayniska caanka ah"] [https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/mdb/features/applications/23308 "Awoodda Daawada Berri: Go'aamada Muhiimka ah ee baytariyada Codsiyada Caafimaadka"] [[Category:Koronto]] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://web.archive.org/web/20131022104620/http://electrochem.cwru.edu/encycl/art-b02-batt-nonr.htm Baytariyada aan dib loo dallaci karin] [http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm HowStuffWorks: Sida baytariyadu u shaqeeyaan] [http://depts.washington.edu/matseed/batteries/MSE/classification.html Noocyada kale ee Unugyada baytariyada] [http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/batteries/index.php Xirmada Waxbarashada iyo Barashada DoITPoMS- "Batteries"] fsrrh8vyd77k4xzsfka2qx333quynqn 0 42543 298815 295507 2026-06-19T03:12:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Degmada Moqokori |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Degmo]] |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = |subdivision_type =Country |subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}} |subdivision_type1 =[[Gobolada Soomaaliya|Gobolka]] |subdivision_name1 =[[Hiiraan]] |subdivision_type2 =Caasimada |subdivision_name2 =[[Moqokori]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 =5 |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =2000 |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset = +3 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates ={{coord|4.783|45.450|region:SO|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Degmada Moqokori''' waa degmo ka tirsan [[Hiiraan]] [[Soomaaliya]] caasimaddeedu waa [[Moqokori]] ==Taariikhda== Deegaanka Moqokori ayaa 4-tii June 2023 golaha wasiirada Hirshabeelle ay gaarsiiyeen heer degmo ==Tixraac== [https://en.goobjoog.com/hir-shabelle-cabinet-votes-to-elevate-six-areas-into-districts/ "Golaha Wasiirada Hirshabelle oo ansixiyay in lix goobood laga dhigo degmooyin"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20260108013114/http://beritakoruptor.com/moqokori-moqokori.html Moqokori]Berita Koruptor. La galiyay Luulyo 15, 2012. {{Gumud}} s8cyojlnuidfv71esaaal8tr7c6t483 0 42815 298817 297718 2026-06-19T03:54:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox aircraft occurrence | name = Duulimaadkii Somali Airlines 40 | occurrence_type = Shil | image = Somali Airlines Fokker F27-600 Friendship Groves.jpg | caption = Diyaaradda ku lug lahayd shilka sanadkii 1977. | date = 20 July 1981 | type = Waxay dhacday wax yar kaddib marka ay duush | site = meel u dhow [[Balcad|Balcad]], Soomaaliya | coordinates = {{Coord|2|21|18.0|N|45|23|34.8|E|type:event_region:SO-BN|display=inline,title}}<ref name="ASN">{{Cite web |title=Accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600RF 6O-SAY, Monday 20 July 1981 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810720-0 |access-date=2021-04-26 |website=[[Aviation Safety Network]] |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]] |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226014937/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810720-0 |url-status=live }}</ref> | aircraft_type = [[Fokker F27 Friendship|Fokker F27-600 Friendship]] | operator = [[Diyaarada Soomaaliya]] | tail_number = 6O-SAY | IATA = HH40 | origin = [[Gegada Diyaaradaha ee Aadan Cadde|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Muqdisho]],{{Efn|name=MGQ|Hadda loo yaqaan [[Gegada Diyaaradaha ee Aadan Cadde|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Aadan Cadde]].}} Muqdisho, Soomaaliya | destination = [[Gegada Diyaaradaha Cigaal|Garoonka Diyaaradaha Hargeysa]], Hargeysa, Soomaaliya | occupants = 50 | passengers = 44 | crew = 6 | fatalities = 50 | survivors = 0 }} 20kii Luulyo 1981, '''Somali Airlines Flight 40''', Fokker F27-600 Friendship oo ka shaqaynaysay duulimaad maalinle ah oo rakaab wadani ah oo ka soo duushay garoonka caalamiga ah ee Muqdisho ​​kuna socotay madaarka Hargeysa , Soomaaliya, ayaa ku burburtay meel u dhow magaalada Balcad daqiiqado yar ka dib markii ay kacday, waxaana ku dhintay dhammaan 44 rakaab ah iyo 6 shaqaale ah. Iyadoo ay ku dhinteen 50 qof, ayaa weli ah shilkii diyaaradeed ee ugu dhimashada badnaa ee ka dhaca [[Soomaaliya]]. Diyaarada ayaa markii hore dib ugu soo laabatay magaalada Muqdisho si loo dayactiro kadib markii cilad aan la cayimin ay jirtay ka hor inta aysan mar kale dhoofin kadibna ay burburtay. Aas wadareed uu ka soo qayb galay Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre ayaa loo sameeyay. Laba maalmood ka dib shilka, Barre wuxuu amray in la sameeyo guddi baaritaanno ah. Sida laga soo xigtay Shabakadda Badbaadada Duulimaadyada , diyaaraddu waxay gashay quusin wareeg ah oo ku taal aag roobaad badan ka da'ay ka dib markii ay la kulmeen duufaan xoog leh oo toosan oo horseedaya kala goynta garabkeeda midig. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sanadka 2021, Hiiraan Online ayaa ka doodday akoonkan, iyadoo sheegtay in ka sakow roobabka fudud, Muqdisho ay dhif iyo naadir ka dhacdo bisha Luulyo. ==Asalkii hore== ===Diyaarad=== Diyaaradda ku lug lahayd, oo la soo saaray 15 Juun 1977, waxay ahayd Fokker F27 Friendship 600RF oo u diiwaan gashan 6O-SAY oo leh lambar taxane 10557 Waxaa la soo wareegay 1978-kii oo ay heshay Somali Airlines oo la sameeyay 5-tii Maarso 1964 Bartamihii 1981-kii, duullimaadyadii shirkadu waxay ka koobnaayeen laba Boeing 720Bs , laba Boeing 707s (oo laga helay American Airlines ), laba Douglass DC-3s iyo Aircraft afar Shirkaddu waxa kale oo ay kiraysay laba Dornier Do-228-202 , labaduba waxay duullimaadyo bilaabeen dabayaaqadii Oktoobar 1987 Fokker F27s waxa loo isticmaali jiray duullimaadyada gudaha iyo gobollada ===Rakaabka iyo shaqaalaha=== Diyaarada ayaa siday 44 rakaab ah iyo 6 shaqaale ah oo ay ku jiraan 9 qoys. Rakaabka waxaa ka mid ahaa saddex sarkaal oo ka tirsan ciidamada qalabka sida , oo uu ku jiro General Cumar Cismaan Diiriye, oo ah abaanduulaha ciidamada xoogga dalka Soomaaliyeed , iyo saddex walaalihiis ah, xaaskiisa iyo afar carruur ah oo uu dhalay . Waxaa diyaaradda saarnaa saddex ajnabi ah, oo ay ku jiraan Arvind Kumar, ganacsade Hindi ah iyo Roman Hoelldobler, oo Jarmal Galbeed ah Rakaabka kale wuxuu ahaa Margaret Mary Ssebunnya, oo 41 jir ah Ugandan la masaafuriyey oo kalkaaliye ka ahayd World Vision International Lixda shaqaalaha ah waxaa ka mid ahaa Kabtan Cabdi Maxamed Maxamed oo loo yaqaan Kabtan Dhafuuji; Sarkaalka koowaad Cali Umul; shaqaalaha diyaarada Abshiro iyo Fu’aad; iyo Injineer Cali Fodacade. Wuxuu ka raacay diyaarada Muqdisho ka dib codsi uga yimid kabtanka. ==Shil== 20kii Luulyo 1981, diyaaradda, iyadoo ku shaqaynaysa duulimaad gudaha ah oo maalinle ah waxay ka duushay garoonka caalamiga ah ee Muqdisho - saacaddu markay ahayd 6 subaxnimo EAT ( UTC+03:00 ) sida ay sheegeen rakaab ku sugnaa Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Muqdisho - kuna sii jeeday Madaarka Hargeysa ee Hargeysa Sida laga soo xigtay rakaabkii ku sugnaa garoonka, shan iyo toban daqiiqo ka dib markii ay kacday, Duulimaadkii ayaa dib ugu soo laabtay Muqdisho cilad aan la sheegin awgeed, ka hor inta aysan mar labaad dhoofin ka dib dayactir aan la cayimin Daqiiqado yar ka dib markii ay duulimaadkii 40-aad mar kale kicisay, diyaaraddu waxay ku burburtay meel u dhow magaalada Balcad oo ay ku dhinteen dhammaan 50-kii qof ee saarnaa Waa shilkii diyaaradeed ee ugu dhimashada badnaa ee ka dhaca Soomaaliya. Sidoo kale waxay ahayd shilkii lixaad ee ugu dhimashada badnaa ee 1981. ==Ka dib== Saraakiisha Somali Airlines – oo aan la heli karin xaqiijinta la xiriirta wararka ku saabsan xogta duulimaadka – ayaa la rumeysan yahay inay ku biireen kooxaha gurmadka oo u soo gurmaday goobta shilku ka dhacay. Maamulka ayaa diiday sii deynta magacyada dhibanayaasha "lagu wargelin qaraabada Waxaa sidoo kale jirtay cabsi laga qabo in dadka dhintay ay ku jiraan shaqaalaha hay'adaha gargaarka caalamiga ah ee ka howlgala Soomaaliya. 20kii Luulyo, UPI waxay qortay in agaasimaha gobolka ee World Vision International ee Afrika , Ken Tracey, uu sheegay inuu taleefoon kula hadlay Robert Smith, wakiilka World Vision International ee Muqdisho, kaasoo booqday goobta shilka ka dhacay oo uu sheegay in loo sheegay "in haba yaraatee aysan jirin wax fursad ah oo lagu soo kabsado qaybo ka mid ah dhibbanayaasha si loo aqoonsado" iyo in "... uu ahaa uun wax la gowracay." Iyadoo xaqiijineysa in ugu yaraan hal qof oo ajnabi ah uu ka mid ahaa dadka dhintay, Tracey ayaa diiday in magacooda la sheego, iyadoo sheegtay in halkan ay hubaal tahay inay jiraan kuwa kale" iyo in "waadyada Soomaaliya aysan waligood ka kicin iyagoo kursi madhan dul saaran, mar walbana waxaa jira shaqaale samafal oo ka mid ah rakaabka." 22kii Luulyo, Agence France-Presse ayaa qortay in saraakiisha World Vision International ay sheegeen in mid ka mid ah mutadawiciintooda uu ka mid ahaa dhibanayaasha balse diiday in ay shaaciso magacooda iyo dhalashadooda. Madaxweynaha Jabuuti Xasan Guuleed Aptidoon , ayaa ka tacsiyeeyay Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya Siyaad Barre . Maalintii xigtay, aas wadareed ay ka soo qayb galeen daawadeyaal ayaa dhacay iyadoo dhammaan 50 rakaab ah iyo shaqaalihii diyaaradda lagu aasay si sharaf leh. Ka soo qeyb galayaasha waxaa ka mid ahaa Siyaad Barre, Madaxa Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Qaxootiga Poul Hartling , saraakiisha ugu sareysa dowladda iyo ciidamada, xubnaha golaha kacaanka ee talada haya , wakiilo ka socday dhammaan ciidamada qalabka sida, iyo shaqaalaha World Vision Muqdisho Ilaa 22 Luulyo, sida laga soo xigtay Agence France-Presse, mid ka mid ah ajaaniibta, Arvind Kumar, ayaa si buuxda loo aqoonsaday. Sida laga soo xigtay Associated Press , meydka Roman Hoelldobler waxaa loo habeeyay qoyskiisa. Burburkii diyaaradda awgeed, duulimaadka gudaha ee Soomaaliya ee qorshaysnaa waxaa duuliyey shirkadda Somali Airlines ee hadhay Fokker F27, oo u diiwaan gashan 6O-SAZ. Xusuus-qorkiisa waaya-aragnimadiisa Soomaaliya oo cinwaan looga dhigay Safirka: Ergey Mareykan ah , Peter Scott Bridges , oo xilligaas ahaa safiirka Mareykanka ee Soomaaliya , wuxuu ku qoray in uu soo saaray amar ah in qof Mareykan ah uusan duulin diyaaradda marka uu ogaado in diyaaradda ay ku jirto "dib-u-habeyn xun Sideed sano ka dib shilkaas, 28kii Juun 1989, 10 daqiiqo ka dib markii ay ka soo kacday Hargeysa kuna socotay Muqdisho, diyaaradda Fokker F27 ayaa ku burburtay Hargeysa agagaarka 9:30 subaxnimo, oo ay ku dhinteen dhammaan 23 rakaab ah iyo 7 shaqaale ah. Diyaaradda ayaa looga shakisan yahay inay soo rideen Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed - ee dagaalka kula jira dowladda Soomaaliya ee qaybta waqooyi ee Soomaaliya - iyagoo adeegsanaya gantaalada cirka iyo dhulka Sannadkii 1991-kii, iyada oo ay Soomaaliya ka jirtay qalalaase siyaasadeed, dagaal sokeeye oo ay wehelinayeen duullaan dhinaca xuduudda ah oo ka socday Itoobiya , Somali Airlines, oo markaas duullimaadkeedu ka koobnaa hal Dornier Do-228-202 iyo hal Airbus A310-304 , ayaa joogsaday shaqadii. ==Baaritaanka== Laba maalmood ka dib shilkaas, Siyaad Barre wuxuu amray in la sameeyo guddi baaritaan ku sameeya Maamulka ayaa markii hore sheegay in aan la garanayn sababta shilka keentay Sida ay sheegtay wakaaladda wararka ee AP, diyaaradda ayaa burburtay ka dib markii uu dab qabsaday xilli ay isku dayaysay in ay dib ugu soo laabato Muqdisho ka dib markii ay soo wajahday cilad farsamo. 1982, waxaa la sheegay in aan la sheegin sababta shilka 2021, sida laga soo xigtay Hiiraan Online , ilo-wareedyo aqoon u leh shilka ayaa sheegay in tusaha dabeecadda diyaaradda (AI), oo ah qalab duullimaad oo hagaya duuliyaha isagoo bixinaya macluumaadka garoonka diyaaradda iyo xaglaha bangiyada marka loo eego cirifka dhulka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hiiraan Online ayaa sheegtay in aysan jirin wax xiriir ah oo ka dhexeeya cilada iyo shilka, sababtoo ah, xitaa haddii awoodda diyaaradda ay xumaato, waxay weli shaqeyn kartaa maadaama ay leedahay AIs heegan ah. Diyaarada kaliya ee loo qorsheeyay in ay ka shaqeyso Soomaaliya ayaa waxaa bixisay Somali Airlines mid ka mid ah matoorada mataanaha ah ee ka haray Fokker F-27. Waxaan ogaaday in diyaaraddani ay si xun u dayactirtay, ugu dambeyntiina waxaan soo saaray amar ah in qof Mareykan ah uusan ku duulin. Waxaa dhacay F-27 labaad. Bilo ka hor imaanshahayga, si dirqi ah ayey u shaqaynaysay, maalin baa duuliyihii diyaaradda diiday inuu woqooyi ka raaco Muqdisho oo uu ku duulo. Waxaa loo sheegay inuu ka kaxeeyo ama uu xabsiga galo. Wuu kacay, dhawr daqiiqadood ka dibna waa ay ku dhacday oo ay ku dhinteen dhammaan dadkii doonta saarnaa. - Peter S. Bridges oo ku yaalla Fokker F27s ee Somali Airlines. Sida ay Hiiraan Online u sheegeen khubarada dhanka duulista hawada ayaa sheegay in Injineer Cali Foodcade aan loo baahneyn maadaama aan dayactir lagu sameyn inta diyaaraddu ay hawada ku jirto. Intaa waxa dheer, ingineer Axmed Cismaan oo loo yaqaan Mascro, ayaa hore u joogay Hargeysa oo sugayay imaatinka diyaaradda. Isagoo la hadlayay Hiiraan Online , Axmed Cismaan ayaa sheegay in “in uu aad uga naxay markii uu maqlay in diyaaradda ay soo dhacday”. Sidoo kale, waxa uu intaasi ku daray inaysan hawl ahaan jirin baahi loo qabo in Cali Foodcade uu diyaarada ka raaco magaalada Muqdisho Sida laga soo xigtay Shabakadda Badbaadada Duulista Hawada (ASN), siddeed daqiiqo kaddib markii ay ka duushay magaalada Muqdisho, diyaaradda ayaa gashay meel quus ah ka dib markii ay la kulantay qulqulo xooggan oo toos ah. Inta lagu jiro quusitaanka, rarka ayaa kordhay ilaa 5.76 g , oo dhaaftay xadka diiqada naqshadeynta ee Fokker F27, taas oo keentay in garabkeeda midig ay kala soocaan. Airdisaster.com ayaa qortay in shaqaalaha diyaarada la rumeysan yahay inay ku khaldameen duulista xilli la og yahay xaaladaha duufaanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Hiiraan Online ayaa qortay in xisaabaadyo kale ay xuseen in "laga yaabo in duuliyaha uu niyad jabay oo uu ka soo kaban waayay dabeecad aan caadi ahayn". Intaa waxaa dheer, Hiiraan Online ayaa sheegtay in sababta ASN ay ahayd mid lagu murmi karo "sababo la xiriira cimilada Muqdisho ee Luulyo. Ma jiraan wax onkod ah oo Muqdisho ka dhacaya bisha Luulyo, marka laga reebo roobabka iftiinka ah. Cirku waa cad yahay; sidaas awgeed, fikirka duuliyaha ee ah in uu wajaho duufaan macquul maaha." Peter Scott Bridges ayaa qoray sanadkii 2000 in diyaarada ay si dirqi ah u shaqaynaysay, duuliyuhuna uu diiday in uu duuliyo diyaarada ilaa loo sheegay in uu kici ama uu xabsiga galo. ==Tixraac== [https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810720-0 "Shilka Fokker F-27 Saaxiibtinimada 600RF 6O-SAY, Isniin 20 Luulyo 1981"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2021/July/183286/today_in_history_july_20_1981_somali_airlines_flight_hh40_crashes_after_takeoff_from_mogadishu_kills_all_50_onboard.aspx "Maanta TAARIIKHDA (20 Luulyo, 1981): Duulimaadka Somali Airlines ee HH40 ayaa burburtay ka dib markii ay ka kacday Muqdisho, waxaana ku dhintay dhammaan 50-kii diyaarada"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=ejkmAQAAMAAJ Waxqabadka Dhaqaalaha Soomaaliya ee ...] [[iarchive:ArabNews1981SaudiArabiaEnglish/Jul 23 1981, Arab News, #237, Saudi Arabia (en)/page/n1/mode/2up|"Diyaarad Somaliyed oo burburtay oo la aasay"]] [https://www.newspapers.com/article/waterloo-region-record-somalia-plane-cra/170932346/ "Diyaarad Soomaaliya ku dhacday oo ay ku dhinteen 50 qof] [https://www.proquest.com/docview/386809833 "Shil diyaaradeed ayaa dilay 49"] [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wbxbAAAAIBAJ&pg=4460,4139492 "49 ayaa ku dhintay shil Soomaali ah"] [[iarchive:ArabNews1981SaudiArabiaEnglish/Jul 21 1981, Arab News, #235, Saudi Arabia (en)/page/n1/mode/2up|"49 ayaa ku dhintay shil diyaaradeed oo Soomaali ah"]] [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-houston-post-49-killed-as-somali-pla/180016945/ "49 ayaa ku dhintay diyaarad Soomaaliya ku dhacday"] [https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/326289 "Shilka Fokker F-27 Saaxiibtinimada 600RF 6O-SAZ, Arbacada 28 Juun 1989"] [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/24721840.2018.1486714 "Naqshadda Tusiyaha Dabeecadda ee Bandhiga Duulimaadyada Koowaad: Dib u Eegida Arrin Hore oo Tignoolajiyada Hadda Jirta"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104234205/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=07201981&reg=6O-SAY&airline=Somali%20Airlines "Cilmiga Shilalka: Isku-dhafka Shilalka 07201981]<references /> qhihcery99hyx4lo3bduyd8ojlte4m2 0 42880 298811 292383 2026-06-19T02:18:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | image = Candice Swanepoel for Max Factor 02.jpg | caption = Swanepoel ee Max Factor ee 2013 | name = Candice Swanepoel | birth_name = Candice Susan Swanepoel | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|10|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Mooi River (town)|Mooi River]], [[Natal (province)|Natal]], South Africa | occupation = Model | years_active = 2003–hada | partner = Hermann Nicoli (2005–2018) | children = 2 | height = {{height|ft=5|in=10}}<ref name="munich">{{Cite web |title=CANDICE SWANEPOEL - Munich Models |url=https://www.munich-models.de/image/613-candice-swanepoel/ |access-date=10 November 2023 |work=[[Munich Models]] |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152432/https://www.munich-models.de/image/613-candice-swanepoel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | hair_color = Hurdi <ref name="munich"/> | eye_color = Blue<ref name="munich"/> | agency = {{Plainlist| * [[Libaaxyada (wakalada)|Libaaxyada]] (New York) * Modelwerk (Hamburg) * [[Munich Models]] (Munich) * Habka Maamulka Model (São Paulo) * [[Elite Model Management]] (Paris)<ref name="models.com">{{cite web|url=https://models.com/models/candice-swanepoel|title=Candice Swanepoel - Model Profile - Photos & latest news|website=models.com|access-date=10 November 2023|archive-date=2 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202092911/https://models.com/models/candice-swanepoel|url-status=live}}</ref> }} | website = {{url|candiceswanepoel.com}} }} '''Candice Susan Swanepoel''' ( SWON - ə - pool , Afrikaans : [ ˈsvɑːnəpul] ; waxay dhalatay 20 Oktoobar 1988) waa moodeel Koonfur Afrikaan ah . Waxay caan ku tahay shaqadeeda sirta Victoria . Waxay noqotay malaa'ig qarsoodi ah oo Victoria ah 2010 Sannadkii 2016, waxay ku jirtay liiska 8th ee liiska moodooyinka dakhli-sare ee Forbes . ==Nolosha hore== Swanepoel wuxuu ku dhashay Willem Swanepoel oo ka yimid Mutare , Zimbabwe iyo Eileen Swanepoel (née Green) wuxuuna ku koray beer ku taal Mooi River , Koonfur Afrika. Swanepoel waxay ka timid qoys Afrikaner ah oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda Holland iyada oo u sii maraysa aabaheed, halka hooyadeed ay ka soo jeedo British. Waxay leedahay hal walaal oo ka weyn oo lagu magacaabo Stephen Intii uu korayay, Swanepoel wuxuu ahaa qoob ka ciyaarka ballet . Waxay dhigatay dugsiga hoyga ee St. Anne's Diocesan College ee magaalada Hilton ee u dhow Markii ay da'da 15 jirsatay, waxaa arkay nin moodel ah oo ku sugan suuqa dharbaaxada ee Durban . ==Xirfad== Swanepoel wuxuu ka soo muuqday tifaftirayaasha Ameerika, Talyaani, Ingiriis, Isbaanish, Jarmal, Giriig, Ruush, Australiya, Brazilian, Jabbaan, Kuuriyaan, Shiinaha, iyo Mexican Vogue ; Brazilian, British, Jarmal iyo Koonfur Afrika Elle ; British, Koonfur Afrika, Romanian, Meksiko iyo Shiinaha GQ ; American, Spanish, Czech, Argentine, Turkish iyo Korean Harper's Bazaar ; V , Allure , W , iyo iD . Swanepoel waxa uu ku socdaa dhabbaha dayuuradaha ee Fendi , Chanel , Tommy Hilfiger , Dolce iyo Gabbana , Michael Kors , Donna Karan , Giambattista Valli , Jason Wu , Prabal Gurung , Rag & Lafo , Oscar de la Renta , Elie Saab , Diane von Fürsten berg iyo Rolf , Givenchy , Off-White , Versace , Jean Paul Gaultier , Christian Dior , Blumarine , Etro iyo Ralph Lauren . Waxay ka soo muuqatay ololayaal xayaysiis ah Tom Ford , Oscar De La Renta , Givenchy , Chanel , Miu Miu , Tommy Hilfiger , Rag & Lafaha , Ralph Lauren , Shiatzy Chen , Michael Kors , Blumarine , Versace , Prabal Gurung , Diesel , qiyaas? , Off-White , Swarovski , Agua Bendita , Colcci , True Religion , Nike , Juicy Couture iyo sidoo kale Victoria's Secret tan iyo 2007. Marka laga soo tago in ay ka soo muuqato xayeysiisyada dharka dharka, waxay ahayd qaab muuqaal ah oo ku jira 2010 catalog, SW IM Rosie Huntington-Whiteley , Behati Prinsloo , iyo Erin Heatherton . Sannadkii 2010, Swanepoel wuxuu noqday malaa'ig qarsoodi ah oo Victoria ah . Swanepoel wuxuu u qaabeeyey khadka dabaasha ee Kardashians 2010. 12kii Agoosto 2010, Swanepoel ayaa si rasmi ah u furay dukaankii ugu horreeyay ee dukaanka tafaariiqda ee Victoria ee Kanada, West Edmonton Mall , Edmonton Sannadkii 2013, Swanepoel waxaa loo magacaabay qaabka daboolka ee buugga dabaasha ee qarsoodiga ah ee Victoria. Swanepoel waxaa loo doortay inuu xidho "Fantasy Bra" ee 2013 Show Fashion Secret Victoria . Lacagta 10ka milyan ee dollar ah, oo loogu magac daray "Royal Fantasy Bra", waxaa sameeyay Mouawad. Rajabeetada iyo suunka u dhigma ayaa ka muuqday in ka badan 4,200 oo dahab ah oo qaali ah, oo ay ku jiraan yaaquut, dheeman iyo safayr jaale ah oo lagu dhejiyay dahab 18 karat ah oo uu dhexda kaga yaallo 52-carat ruby. 2018, waxay bilawday ururinta dharka dabaasha ee Tropic of C. Waxay ku guulaysatay Daahfurka Sanadka Abaalmarinta 5th Annual Daily Front Row Awards. ===Caannimada=== Swanepoel waxaa loo codeeyay No. 61 in 2010, No. 62 in 2011, No. 75 in 2013, iyo No. 36 in 2015 in FHM ' s annual " 100 Sexiest Women in the World " ra'yi ururin iyo No. 1 ee 2014 " Hoim Sannadkii 2019, waxaa lagu sharfay abaalmarinta haweenayda sanadka ee Revolve's. Bishii Juun 2021 Swanepoel waxaa lagu xukumay Numero Uno (Lambarka 1) ee liiska warbaahinta N4M ee 10-ka ugu quruxda badan uguna quruxda badan atirishooyinka iyo moodooyinka Koonfur Afrika. ===Dakhliga=== Swanepoel waxa ay ka dhigtay kaalinta 10aad ee Forbes liiska "Models Top-Earing Models World", iyada oo lagu qiyaasay dakhliga soo galay $3 milyan intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2011 Waxay ku jirtay kaalinta 9 ee 2013 iyada oo lagu qiyaasay dakhliga $ 3.3 million. 2015, waxay gashay kaalinta 8-aad iyada oo heshay $5 milyan. 2016, waxa ay gashay kaalinta 8aad iyada oo soo gashay $7 milyan. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Swanepoel waxay si fiican ugu hadashaa afafka Afrikaanka, Ingiriisida, iyo Bortuqiisku, tan dambe waxay ka baratay ninkeedii hore ee Hermann Nicoli, oo ah moodel u dhashay Brazil Waxay bilaabeen inay shukaansadaan ka dib markii ay ku kulmeen Paris markay ahayd 17 jir wuxuuna ahaa 23 Bishii Agoosto 2015, lammaanuhu waxay ku dhawaaqeen hawlgalkooda. Si wada jir ah, waxay leeyihiin laba wiil, oo dhashay October 2016 iyo June 2018. Lamaanuhu waxay si qarsoodi ah u kala qaybsameen November 2018. Laga bilaabo 2018 , waxaa la sheegay inay waqtigeeda u kala qaybisay Brazil iyo New York City . ===Samafalka=== Swanepoel wuxuu si firfircoon ugu lug leeyahay hooyooyinka2mothers , oo ah hay'ad samafal oo u heellan sidii loo gaari lahaa "jiilka HIV-ga la'aanta" ee carruurta iyo hooyooyinka Afrika. Swanepoel waxa ay u nashqadaysay denims-ka, iyo bishii Maajo 2019, waxa ay ku biirtay hay'ad samafal oo ilaaliye ah iyo safiirkooda caalamiga ah ==Tixraac== [http://www.forvo.com/word/candice_swanepoel/ "Ku dhawaaqida: Candice Susan Swanepoel] [https://web.archive.org/web/20241202004416/http://www.fashionstylemag.com/2012/fashion/models/focus-on-models-candice-swanepoel/ "Diirada saar Models: Candice Swanepoel"] [https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/candice-swanepoel-victorias-secret-photos-interview-2012 "Sirta sare ee Victoria: Candice Swanepoel] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121225144748/http://www.mrblasberg.com/2012/12/18/a-candid-conversation-with-the-impossibly-beautiful-candice/ "Waraysi daacad ah oo lala yeeshay Candice aan macquul ahayn ee quruxda badan"] [http://nymag.com/fashion/models/cswanepoel/candiceswanepoel/ "Model Profile: Candice Swanepoel"] {{Wayback|url=http://nymag.com/fashion/models/cswanepoel/candiceswanepoel/ |date=20130815140230 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234733/http://www.etonline.com/news/2010/01/82516/index.html "ka daba gal muqaalada buugga dabaasha sirta ah ee Victoria!"] [http://www.telva.com/moda/noticias/2018/02/06/5a7998a3268e3e7a5c8b466a.html&ved=0ahUKEwiTuOai1vTcAhUPUBoKHe5DBoMQqQIINigBMAY&usg=AOvVaw2-3j0ltrA3IGB_ngip-yRU "Candice Swanepoel waxay bilawday sumaddeeda dabaasha]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20150215025706/http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2013/10/16/victorias-secret-fantasy-bra-2013-candice-swanepoel/ "Malaa'igta Qarsoon ee Fiktooriya oo Xidhan Sannadkan $10 Milyan ee Fantasy Bra is ... (Drumroll)"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150219060536/http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/candice-swanepoel " Candice Swanepoel - Malagga Koonfur Afrika "] [https://news4masses.com/most-beautiful-south-african-actresses-models/ "10-ka ugu Quruxda badan uguna Kulul Koonfur Afrika Jilayaasha iyo Qaababka | N4M Reviews"] [https://www.forbes.com/2011/05/05/top-earning-models.html "Qaabka ugu Dakhliga badan Adduunka"] [http://www.eonline.com/news/686434/candice-swanepoel-is-engaged-model-set-to-marry-longtime-boyfriend-hermann-nicoli "Candice Swanepoel waa lagu hawlan yahay! Model ayaa loo dejiyay inuu guursado saaxiibkii mudada dheer Hermann Nicoli"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20151125040535/http://www.elle.co.za/candice-swanepoel-designs-denims-sa-charity/ "Candice Swanepoel waxay naqshadaysay Denim ee SA Charity"] [http://www.eonline.com/news/686434/candice-swanepoel-is-engaged-model-set-to-marry-longtime-boyfriend-hermann-nicoli "Candice Swanepoel waa lagu hawlan yahay! Model ayaa loo dejiyay inuu guursado saaxiibkii mudada dheer Hermann Nicoli"] [https://www.m2m.org/blog/2019/05/08/candice-swanepoel-m2m-patron/ "Supermodel South African Supermodel Candice Swanepoel Wuxuu Ku Biiray m2m sidii Maareeye"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:Candice Swanepoel|Candice Swanepoel}} {{Wikiquote}} [https://candiceswanepoel.com/ Mareegta rasmiga ah] [[imdbname:2887667|Candice Swanepoel]] [https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/candice_swanepoel/ Candice Swanepoel] 5j9mvysqklzvzaauonaodwb3c524pza 0 42934 298839 287377 2026-06-19T07:19:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = Lisa Butler | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Chatham, Kent]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = [[Make-up artist]] | other_names = | spouse = | relations = | years_active = 1980s&ndash;hadda | notable_works = 2008 Cover Shoot & tifaftirka 70-bog ee '' Self Service '', Luulyo 2013 ''Vogue UK'' Daboolida iyo Tafatirka [[Helena Bonham Carter]], Janaayo 2013 Daboolka iyo tifaftirka [[Kate Moss]] ee ''[[LOVE (magazine)|'UVE Magazine]] Ololaha 2013 | known_for = | website = [http://www.lisabutlermakeup.com/ lisabutlermakeup.com] }} '''Lisa Butler''' waa farshaxan-qurxin ku jirta warshadaha moodada. Waxay si joogto ah uga shaqeysaa ololaha xayaysiinta, bandhigyada catwalk, filimada moodada, iyo tifaftirka. Waxay mas'uul ka tahay fulinta iyo naqshadeynta muuqaalka qurxinta ee ka muuqda daboolka iyo tifaftirka daabacadaha sida Vogue Paris , American Vogue , Vogue Italia , Vogue Nippon, Vogue UK , Arena Homme + , iD , Numéro , Harper's Bazaar , W Magazine , iyo V Magazine . Butler waxa kale oo uu gacan ka gaystay horumarinta khadka cusub ee H&M , iyo Sheekooyin kale. ==Xirfad== Lisa Butler waxay ku kortay Chatham, Kent . Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, Butler waxay caan ku noqotay shaqadeeda ololaha xayeysiiska ee naqshadeeye Japan, Yohji Yamamoto . Muuqaalkeeda ayaa tan iyo markii ay ka soo muuqatay daabacaadda moodada sida Vogue , Times Style Magazine , Joornaal kale , Waraysi , 25 Magazine , Adeegga Self, Magazine LOVE , Vogue Korea, Vogue China , iyo Vogue Nippon Beauty . Macaamiisheeda waxaa ka mid ah noocyada qaaliga ah sida Prada , Pucci , Missoni , Miu Miu , Lanvin , Isabel Marant , Balmain , Givenchy , Dior , Louis Vuitton , Juicy Couture , Nina Ricci , Phillip Bulgari , Ohne Titel ] Roberto Cavalli , Zadig & Voltaire, Alexander McQueen , Jean Paul Gaultier , Yves Saint Laurent , iyo Chloé Butler waxa uu la kaashaday TEMPTU isaga oo isticmaalaya qalabyada buraashka hawada ee khaaska ah si uu u abuuro muuqaalo si qarsoodi ah u sawiran guryaha moodada casriga ah sida Helmut Lang . Tani waa bilicda 'bare' oo Butler ay si joogto ah u dalbato catwalk si ay u kiciso dareenka casriga ah, iyo in ay u soo jeediso dareenka dharka Shaqooyinkeeda ugu caansan waxaa ka mid ah faafinta 70-bog ee lagu daabacay daabacaadda 2008 Dayrta / Jiilaalka ee joornaalka Self Service, kaas oo Butler uu abuuray muuqaalo kala duwan oo muuqaal ah oo soo jiidanaya Dalí iyo qadiimiga Aztec iyo Incan ilaahyadii Inta lagu guda jiro xirfadeeda, Butler waxay la shaqeysay sawir qaadayaal, sida David Sims, Inez iyo Vinoodh , Karl Lagerfeld , Mario Testino , Mert iyo Marcus , Mikael Jansson, Nathaniel Goldberg, Alasdair McLellan, Paolo Roversi , Sølve Sundsbø, Patrick Demarchelier , Danieloberg Narsbø, Patrick Demarchelier, Danieloberg, Franço, François, Danieloberg, Franço, Danieloberg, Franço, Français, Danieloberg , Lindrs, Franço, Ryan, Ryan, Ryan, Ryan, Lindrs, Fran, Ryan, Ryan, Ryan, Lindrs , Fran , Ryan , Ryan , Ryan, Ryan. McGinley , Willy Vanderperre, Terry Richardson , iyo Tim Walker . ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518193642/https://www.myfdb.com/people/447-lisa-butler "saldhigga xogta moodada: lisa butler"] [http://www.vogue.it/en/beauty/the-artist-interview/2010/07/lisa-butler "Vogue.It Backstage with Lisa Butler"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.style.com/beauty/beautycounter/tag/lisa-butler/ "style.com ololayaasha:Lisa Butler"] [http://www.style.com/beauty/beautycounter/2013/02/faux-fringes-and-fake-lashes-get-real-backstage-at-emilio-pucci/ "Faux Fringes iyo jeedal been abuur ah ayaa dhab ah, dhabarka dambe ee Emilio Pucci"] [http://models.com/oftheminute/?p=14988 "Lisa Butler iyo Phillip Lim] [https://www.vfiles.com/tags/1095 "xarkii xaashida ilmada"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7G8Gm8rKiI "Lisa Butler ee Helmut Lang] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727090001/http://blog.temptu.com/press/temptu-on-the-cover-of-self-service-magazine/ "Temtu oo ku taal daboolka joornaalka adeegga nafsiga"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://web.archive.org/web/20131205022929/http://www.thecollectiveshift.com/show/portfolio/LCB Lisa Butler oo ku taal TheCollectiveShift] [http://www.lisabutlermakeup.com/ Lisa Butler qurxiyo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lisabutlermakeup.com/ |date=20250123212514 }} i8yrfawgccbzjg7yzuheguphtlusz81 0 42970 298801 284896 2026-06-19T00:43:46Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | birth_name = Ann Marie Ward | image = | imagesize = | caption = Ann on [[America's Next Top Model]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|04|20|mf=yes}} | birth_place = [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], U.S. | height = {{height|ft=6|in=2}} | haircolor = [[Timo bunni ah|Bunni]] | eyecolor = [[Midabka isha|Buluug]] | agency = Maamulka Model Paragon | website = https://www.instagram.com/annmward91/ }} '''Ann Marie Ward''' (waxay dhalatay Abriil 20, 1991) waa moodel moodo Mareykan ah, oo sida ugu wanaagsan loogu yaqaanay ku guuleystaha Cycle 15 of America's Next Top Model . ==Nolosha hore== Ward wuxuu sheegay in Dallas , Texas ay tahay magaaladeeda, in kasta oo ay ka soo jeeddo Prosper u dhow , xaafad yar oo ku teedsan gobollada Collin iyo Denton Waxay ka qalinjabisay Dugsiga Sare ee Prosper 2009 Waxay si isdaba joog ah u sheegtay in lagu majaajilooday xilliga dugsiga sababtoo ah dhererkeeda iyo muuqaalkeeda caatada ah, taas oo ku kaliftay inay la kulanto dhibaatooyin isku kalsoon. ==Qaabka Sare ee Xiga ee Ameerika== 2010, Ward wuxuu ka soo muuqday Cycle 15 oo ka mid ah bandhigga TV-ga dhabta ah ee Shabakadda CW , Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee Xiga , kaas oo ay kula tartamaysay saddex iyo toban nooc oo kale oo hammi ah Ward ayaa isla markiiba lagu kala soocay dhererkeeda 6'2 ". Garsoorayaasha ayaa sidoo kale la yaabay dhexda aadka u dhuuban, taas oo ahayd mid aad u caato ah in tababaraha runway J. Alexander uu ku dhawaad ​​​​ku duubi karo labadiisa gacmood oo dhan. Marka ugu horeysa ee la arko Ward, show host iyo supermodel Tyra Banks ayaa yiri, "Waxaa jira wax faallooyin ah oo ku saabsan iyada oo aan jeclahay Top" ka dib markii Model Bank uu si toos ah u muujiyay. ku saabsan dhexda Ward, taas oo abuurtay dib-u-dhac dadweyne oo Bangiyadu ay ku qanacsan yihiin moodooyinka maqaarka ee xad-dhaafka ah, Bangiyadu waxay sii daayeen bayaan saxaafadeed oo caddaynaya in tani aysan ahayn kiiska, oo sheeganaya in tafatirka ay siisay fikrad khaldan, iyo raaligelin kasta oo "jahwareer, xanaaq ama niyad - jab " ay sababtay . Ann waa xiddigga soo baxay xilli ciyaareedkan, isaga oo wareegga ku bilaabaya sawirka ugu fiican ee shanta ah oo aan hore loo arag Tyra-town. Wejigeeda canabka ah, dhego yar oo waaweyn, iyo qaabka qalfoofka dhaadheer ee aadka u dheer ayaa jeclaystay guryaha moodada iyo sawir qaadayaasha, in kasta oo ay dhibsatay mar kasta oo ay caqabad uga baahato inay ku hadasho meel fagaare ah. Los Angeles Times Ward wuxuu ahaa wicitaankii ugu horreeyay ee sawirkii ugu fiicnaa shantii toddobaad ee ugu horreysay bandhigga, Model Sare marka hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkasta oo sawirradeeda la ammaanay, haddana waxaa sidoo kale lagu xusay xishoodkeeda, ammaan-darrada iyo qallafsanaanta ka baxsan sawirrada sawirrada, iyo sidoo kale dhibkeeda inta lagu jiro caqabadaha u baahan hadalka. The Los Angeles Times waxay ku tilmaantay inay tahay "qaabka ugu xishoodka iyo xishoodka badan si ay tan ugu fogaato wareegga ilaa taariikhda". Dhamaadkii xilli-ciyaareedkii, Ward iyo tartame kale Chelsey Hersley waxay duubeen xayeysiin CoverGirl Lash Blast Fusion waxayna ka qaybqaateen bandhig fashion Roberto Cavalli . Ilaa hadda, Ward kuma guuleysan mid ka mid ah caqabadaha bandhigga, halka Hersley ay ku guuleysatay seddex inkastoo Ward loogu yeeray guddiga ugu horreeya lix jeer (shan ka mid ah oo isku xigta) iyo Chelsey xitaa hal mar. Ward waxaa loo caleemo saaray ku guulaysta wareegga 15 ee Modelka Sare ee Ameerika Natiijo ahaan, waxay heshay qandaraas $ 100,000 ah oo ay la leedahay CoverGirl Cosmetics, qandaraas IMG Models , daboolka quruxda Vogue , moodada ayaa ku faafta Vogue Italia iyo Beauty in Vogue , iyo sidoo kale muuqaal caan ah oo ku yaal bogga Vogue Italia , Vogue.it Ward shucuur ah ayaa sheegay in guushu ay si gaar ah ugu faraxsan tahay sababtoo ah waxaa lagu majaajilooday caruurnimadeeda "aad u dheer [oo aan] caadi ahayn", taas oo garsooraha iyo sawir qaade Nigel Barker uu yiri, " Maxay tahay ? ==Shaqada ANTM ka dib== ===Qaabaynta=== Kadib guusheedii si ay ugu guulaysato xilli ciyaareedkii 15-aad ee Modelka Xiga ee Ameerika , waxay dabooshay joornaalo kala duwan iyo faafin, ololeyaal, waxayna ku socotay bandhigyo moodo badan oo ku baahsan Ameerika , Yurub , Afrika , iyo Aasiya . Jaldiga Ward ee Beauty in Vogue waxaa la daabacay Maajo 2011 tafaftirkeedana Vogue Italia waxaa la daabacay Maarso 2011, waxaa toogtay Ellen Von Unwerth ; halkii ay ka yeelan lahayd faafin laba bog ah, waxay heshay toddobo bog oo ku faafay Vogue Italia . Ward waxaa lagu soo bandhigay daboolka majaladda Velvet ee dayrtii 2011. Waxay u soo lugaysay Alex London iyada iyo Jane Randall , Alexandria Everett iyo Hannah Jones. Waxaa lagu soo bandhigay xilli-ciyaareedkii u dambeeyay ee Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee Xiga, Wareegga 16 ee bandhigga moodada ee Vivienne Westwood oo ay weheliso kuwa u dambeeya xilli-ciyaareedka. Bishii Oktoobar 2013, Ward wuxuu ku socday bandhig fashion ah oo lagu magacaabo Desfile Google+PV14 , wuxuuna soo xidhay ururinta Pineda Covalin ee 2014. Ward waxa lagu daray liisas dib-u-eegis oo kala duwan oo khuseeya tartamayaasha Modelka Xiga ee Ameerika ugu wanaagsan . Marie Claire waxa ay ku dartay Ward liiska 24 ka qof ee ugu wanaagsan Maraykanka ee ku tartamaya Modelka Sare ee ugu wanaagsan, iyada oo faallo ka bixinaysa in ay "ku iftiimisay soo jiidashada inkasta oo - ama, run ahaantii sababtoo ah - cabsideeda jireed. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20101105145551/http://cwtv.com/shows/americas-next-top-model/cast/ann "Modelka Sare ee Xiga Ameerika: Jilaa: Bios: Ann"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105131855/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/stories/DN-model_1201gd.ART.State.Edition1.4b7be40.html "North Texan waxay ku socotaa finalka "Modelka xiga ee Ameerika"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121006034922/http://blogs.courant.com/roger_catlin_tv_eye/2010/12/ann-wins-americas-next-top-mod.html "Ann wuxuu ku guuleystey "Modelka Ameerika ee Xiga"] [https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/americas-top-model-contestant-ann-shows-off-shockingly/story?id=11396447 'Modelka Ku Xiga ee Ameerika' Tartame wuxuu muujinayaa si naxdin leh dhexda dhuuban"] [http://www.theinsider.com/news/3355898_Tyra_Banks_We_Truly_Apologize_for_Anger_Over_Top_Model_Promo "Tyra Banks: 'Runtii waan ka raaligelineynaa' xanaaqa ka dhashay 'Modelka Sare' Promo'] [http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/watch_with_kristin/b213961_americas_next_top_model_winner_reaches.html Guulaystaha Ku Xiga Modelka Sare Ee Ameerika] [https://people.com/tv/ann-ward-wins-americas-next-top-model/ Modelka Ameerika ee Xiga ugu Sareeya] [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/04/fashion/americas-next-top-model-finale-where-are-the-winners-now.html Ku guuleystayaasha 'Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee Xiga': Halkee bay hadda joogaan?"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://twitter.com/AnnWard91/ Twitter-ka Ann Ward] aniamy7lwtpw9mjsnyilaczoqjmvql1 0 42978 298806 289087 2026-06-19T01:39:14Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Bre Scullark | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = Brittney Lavelle Scullark<ref name="FMD">{{cite web|url=http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Bre_Scullark/|title=Bre Scullark|publisher=[[Fashion Model Directory]]|accessdate=May 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502072140/http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Bre_Scullark/|archivedate=May 2, 2024}}</ref><ref name="[[WordPress]]">{{cite web|url=https://brescullark.wordpress.com/brvelle-by-bre/|title=BrVelle By Bre|date=15 May 2013 |publisher=Bre Scullark|accessdate=May 4, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525053233/https://brescullark.wordpress.com/brvelle-by-bre/|archivedate=May 25, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Rolling Out">{{cite web|url=https://rollingout.com/2013/12/30/bre-scullarklife-americas-next-top-model/|title=Bre Scullark on life after 'America's Next Top Model'|date=30 December 2013 |publisher=Rolling Out|accessdate=May 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922203209/http://www.rollingout.com/2013/12/30/bre-scullarklife-americas-next-top-model/|archivedate=September 22, 2023}}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|04|26}}<ref name="FMD"/> | birth_place = [[New York City]], U.S.<ref name="FMD"/> | height = {{height|ft=5|in=8}}<ref name="FMD"/> | haircolor = Madow | eyecolor = Bunni | agency = [[Ford Models]]<ref name="FMD"/> | spouse = }} '''Brittney Lavelle “Bre” Scullark''' (oo dhashay Abriil 26, 1985) waa moodeel hore oo Mareykan ah iyo macalin yoga. Waxay noqotay tii ugu dambaysay ee lagu ciribtiro Ameerika ee Next Top Model, Wareegga 5. ==Nolosha hore== Scullark wuxuu ku dhashay Harlem , New York. Waxay bilawday inay si tartan ah u dabaasho markay 9 jir ahayd, iyadoo ku guulaysatay billado badan. Scullark waxa uu dhiganayay dugsiga Kaatooligga ilaa dugsiga hoose iyo dhexe. Dugsiga sare waxay dhigatay Dugsiga Sare ee Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis ee Xirfadaha Caalamiga ah (Times Square agagaarka). Waxay ardayad ka ahayd Sullivan County Community College oo ku taal waqooyiga New York, halkaas oo ay ku baratay iibka caalamiga ah oo ay ku baratay qolka bandhiga ee Vincent Nessi. Bandhigeedii ugu horeyay ee moodada waxa uu ahaa Bandhiga moodada ee Juneteenth ee NYC. ==Qaabka Sare ee Xiga ee Ameerika== ===Wareega Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee Xiga 5=== Dayrta 2005, Scullark waxay ahayd gabadha shanaad (ka dib Cassandra Jean , Nik Pace, Kyle Kavanagh iyo Ashley Black) si loo doorto inay ka qaybqaataan wareegga shanaad ee UPN TV-ga dhabta ah ee muujinaya Maraykanka Next Top Model . Waxa laga yaabaa inay caan ku tahay xasad, cod macaan iyo shakhsiyad basbas ah. Joogitaankeeda, waxay ku guuleysatay laba caqabadood, waxaa loo doortay Covergirl of the Week laba jeer oo isku xigta oo waxay heshay hal wicitaan oo hore ka hor inta aysan aadin London. Scullark waxa ay ku lug lahayd dood xusuus leh oo ay la gashay musharaxa kale ee Nicole Linkletter markii ay ku eedaysay Linkletter in uu xaday barteeda granola, oo ay ka aargoosatay iyada oo tuuraysa dhammaan cabitaannada tamarta Red Bull Linkletter ee hoos u dhigaya qulqulka musqusha; Kim Stolz ayaa dhexdhexaadisay oo waydiisay Scullark bal inay bedelayso wax kasta oo ay qaadatay. Scullark waxa uu diiday in uu si madani ah u hadlo ilaa ay ka heshiiyeen maalin ay London ku maqnaayeen oo la isku lammaaniyay, asal ahaan waa ay ka xumaadeen. Sannadkii 2011, Lisa D'Amato waxay qiratay inay xaday baarka granola inkasta oo ay sheegtay sagaal sano ka dib qirashadeeda waxay ahayd been abuur. Scullark waxaa la dhigay afar jeer hoose laba jeer (dhacdo kasta) iyada awood la'aanteeda inay xakamayso warshadaha moodeelka cutthroat, awoodeeda ah inay noqoto moodada sare halkii ay wax weyn ka samayn lahayd ganacsiga, dhaqankeeda aan fiicnayn ee sawir-qaadista iyo guddida (in kasta oo sawir aad u adag) iyo iyada oo aan dhererin dhererkeeda sawirka - Bollywood -ka si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay ka badbaaday Diane Hernande, iyo Kyle Hernande. Rubinelli, siday u kala horreeyaan. In kasta oo ay horumar xooggan samaysay, garsoorayaashu waxay meesha ka saareen Scullark tobnaad (dhamaystirka saddexaad ee darajada guud tan iyo markii la tartamayay Cassandra Jean uu ka baxay tartanka qaybta afaraad) intii lagu jiray wadarta shanaad (sidoo kale iyada oo seddexaad oo isku xigta London ) labada muuqaal ee hoose iyada oo loo arkay inay ka daciifsan tahay labada kale ee tartamayaasha Nik Pace (oo ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee la doortay) iyo Nicole Link Scullar oo ugu dambeyntii ka badbaaday. ===Wareega Modelka Sare ee Ameerika 7=== Scullark waxa uu ka soo muuqday qaybta afraad ee wareegga 7 si uu u naqdiyo moodooyinka socodkooda taas oo keentay in AJ Stewart uu ku guulaysto tartanka runway oo uu doortay Megg Morales iyo ku guulaystaha CariDee English si uu ula qaybsado abaalmarinta. ===Wareega Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee Xiga 8=== Scullark waxa uu ka soo muuqday dhacdo Cycle 8 ah isaga oo sawir la galay guulaystaha ugu danbeyn Jaslene Gonzalez marka la eego barkeeda granola ee maqan. Fellow Cycle 5 tartame Kim Stolz ayaa sidoo kale goobjoog ka ahaa toogashadan. ===Qaabka Ameerika ee Xiga Sare Wareega 17: Xiddigaha oo dhan=== Waxaa loo xushay inay ku soo noqoto Ameerika ee Next Modelka Sare oo ay weheliso tartame hore Lisa D'Amato si ay labadooduba u matalaan Wareegadoodii koobaad ee All-Star ee bandhigga oo ay la socdaan laba iyo toban nooc oo kale oo soo laabanaya. Scullark ayaa noqotay kooxdii shanaad ee laga saaro guud ahaan tartanka ka dib markii laga saaray labadii kulan ee ugu hoosaysay ee wareega All-Star taas oo hore u tartamaysay Cycle 16 Alexandria Everett ayaa badbaaday markii labaad ==Xirfad== Scullark wuxuu hadda u saxiixay Ford Models ee Magaalada New York, Chicago, Miami iyo Los Angeles. Waxay la samaysay qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada Weydii Brerette. ===Runway=== Waxaa tixraacay Ms J. inay tahay mid ka mid ah socod-yaqaannadii ugu wacnaa abid ee bandhigga, waxay ka qayb qaadatay bandhig faneed badan oo ay ku jiraan BET ’s Rip the Runway iyo Hot 97's Fashion Show. Dhibcaha kale ee runway-ga waxa ka mid ah Valentino iyo Nicole Miller . Scullark loo qaabeeyey Doucette Duvall ee New York Fashion Week Dayrta/Jiilaalka 2008. ===Daabacaadda Shaqada=== Waxay sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay Vibe Magazine, Essence Magazine, Elle Girl , iyo Hype Hair Magazine. Iyagoo kaashanaya Nik Pace iyo Nicole Linkletter , waxay wadaageen faafitaanka US Weekly, tirsiga Diisambar 2005. Waxay sidoo kale ku jirtay majaladda Instyle. Scullark wuxuu lahaa dabool oo ku faafay Mahogany Magazine ee Dayrta 2006. Scullark wuxuu lahaa faafin loogu talagalay majaladda Knit 1 wuxuuna ka soo muuqday daabacaadda Abriil 2007 ee Cover Magazine Waxay u qabatay shaqada daabacaadda ee Doucette Duvall. Scullark waxay ku jirtay tirsigii Juun/Julaay 2008 ee CosmoGirl Waxay sidoo kale faafisay tirsiga Juun ee Majalladda Lixda Darajo Waxay sidoo kale u qaabaysay Real Simple. Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay xayeysiisyada Pantene Sisters of Shine Tour iyo Vaseline, Sears, KMart iyo Wal-Mart's Piper iyo Jeans Buluugga ah. Waxay ka soo muuqatay tirsigii Disembar 2008 ee Ebony Magazine . ===Ganacsiga=== Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay xayaysiisyada Target , Navy Old iyo Pantene . Iyadu hadda waa afhayeenka Ambi ee alaabta daryeelka maqaarka ee haweenka midabka leh. Waxay ka soo muuqataa xagga hore ee xirmooyinka sanduuqa midabaynta timaha ee alaabada midabaynta Madow iyo Jacaylka leh Waxaa loo soo bandhigay inay tahay mid ka mid ah moodooyinka ugu sarreeya ee CoverGirl ee waxqabadka. Waxay sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay Ganacsiga Garnier HerbaShine dabayaaqadii 2010. ===Samafalka=== Scullark sidoo kale waa afhayeenka Drop Dead Gorgeous, oo ah urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn oo ka shaqeeya ka ganacsiga ka ganacsiga carruurta. ===Mid kale=== Waxay ka soo muuqatay muuqaalka muusiga ee Beddel ee Ruben Studdard Waxay martigelisay Shahaadada, bandhig muusig. Scullark ayaa marar badan ka soo muuqday Bandhigga Tyra Banks , oo ay ku jirto hal dhacdo oo ay u qaabaysay Jill Stuart Waxaa lagu wareystay bishii Sebtembar 2008 ee wargeyska Ebony ee maqaal ku saabsan warshadaha moodada "blackout" oo cinwaan looga dhigay Halkee ku yaal dhammaan moodooyinka madow . Waxay ka soo muuqatay xayaysiis Ambi. Scullark wuxuu ka soo muuqday Wale's Lotus Flower Bomb Ft, Miguel muqaal muusig. Waxay ka soo muuqatay Tyler Perry si ka wanaagsan ama ka sii xun . Waxay ka soo muuqatay dhacdo CSI ah . 2012, waxay ka qayb qaadatay kanaalka YouTube, damodel69 , kaas oo sidoo kale ku jiray Da'model Salon . Sannadkii 2013, waxay ka soo muuqatay "Let Church Say Amen", filim ay hagayso Regina King. ==Tixraac== [http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/05/12/top-model-all-stars/ Xiddigaha 'Model Model All-Stars' ayaa sheegay: Lisa D'Amato, Isis King in; Jade out"] {{Wayback|url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/05/12/top-model-all-stars/ |date=20110624062532 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20250121102033/https://www.ebonyjet.com/pantenesistersofshine/index.aspx?id=3247 "Pantene Sisters of Shine Pantene Maqaalka"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208030438/http://community.livejournal.com/topmodel/2303817.html "Topmodel: FIIRO GAAR AH K MART Dukaamada!"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718070449/http://www.withlovetyra.com/gallery/displayimage.php?album=397&pos=8 "Ebony Magazine - December 2008"] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtGUfFoecQU "Ruben Studdard - I Beddel Muusiga Muusiga"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140403191027/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40gANaXu_nQ&feature=player_embedded Waxaa laga kaydiyay]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/bre_scullark/ Bre Scullark] ee Tusaha Modelka Fashion [[imdbname:2129307|Bre Scullark]] ee [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] ccrcsm3zga64mi4g6f5pcxzab0grka7 0 43289 298843 285594 2026-06-19T07:56:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox adult biography | name = Marin Poole | image = | caption = | birth_name = Marin Morgan Poole | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1984|02|1}} | birth_place = [[Logan, Utah]] [[United States|U.S.]] | death_date = | death_place = | spouse = | height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}} | alias = | website = }} '''Marin Morgan Poole''' waa macalimad Mareykan ah iyo boqoradda quruxda ee Logan, Utah, waxayna ku tartamaysay Miss Teen USA iyo Miss USA . Poole waxa ay ku guulaysatay horyaalka Miss Utah Teen USA 2002 ee tartanka gobolka ee la qabtay Diseembar 2001, iyada oo u tartamaysay Miss Cache Valley Teen USA. Waxay sidoo kale ku guulaysatay Miss Congeniality iyo Miss Photogenic Awards ee boggan. Orodkeedii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa Jessica Dawn Black, oo markii dambe ku guuleysatay horyaalka Miss Utah Teen USA 2003. Poole wuxuu matalay Utah ee Miss Teen USA 2002 pageant lagu qabtay South Padre Island, Texas Agoosto 2002 laakiin ma uusan dhigin. Tartanka waxaa ku guulaysatay Vanessa Marie Semrow oo ka tirsan gobolka Wisconsin . Bishii Maarso 2003, wax ka yar lix bilood ka dib markii ay ku gudubtay cinwaankeeda, Poole waxay ku guulaysatay Miss Cache Valley waxayna ku tartamaysay Miss Utah 2004 pageant. Waxay gashay kaalinta afaraad. Dabayaaqadii 2004, Poole waxa uu ku guulaystay horyaalka Miss Utah USA 2005, isaga oo noqday da'yarkii 3aad ee hore u haystay horyaalka ee ku guulaysta taajkan. Waxay ku tartamaysay Miss USA 2005 boggaan si toos ah looga baahinayay Baltimore, Maryland bishii Abriil 2005, waxayna gashay shan iyo tobanka ugu sarreeya. Tartanka waxaa ku guuleystey Chelsea Cooley oo ka tirsan North Carolina . Poole waxa ay kula tartamaysay saaxiibada Miss Teen USA 2002 Jessica Fjerstad ee tartanka, iyo sidoo kale afar kale oo hore Miss Teen USA ergo. 2006, Poole waxay ku guulaysatay horyaal kale oo Miss Utah, Miss Salt Lake Valley, waxayna ku tartamaysay Miss Utah pageant mar labaad, markan rajaynaysa in ay ku guulaysato Triple Crown , cinwaan aan rasmi ahayn oo la siiyay kuwa haysta koobab dawladeed ee Miss Teen USA, Miss USA iyo Miss America nidaamyada. Laga bilaabo 2006, lix dumar ah oo keliya ayaa heerkan gaadhay. Poole waxa uu galay tobanka ugu sarreeya ee tartanka gobolka Miss Utah, waxana uu ku guulaystay abaal-marin horudhac ah oo tayo leh. Bishii Maarso 2001, Poole waxay ka mid ahayd lix dhallinyaro ah oo loo magacaabay U doodaha Sannadka ee Dhallinyarada shaqadeeda u doodaha xakamaynta tubaakada. Waxay sii waday waxbarashada ka - hortagga tubaakada sidii madalkeeda labadaba boggaga Miss Utah 2004 iyo 2006 . Waxay ka qalin jabisay Dugsiga Sare ee Logan (Utah) iyo Jaamacadda Brigham Young oo haysata Bachelor of Science ee Sayniska Caafimaadka iyo Master of Caafimaadka Dadweynaha. Waxay hadda wax ka dhigtaa Jaamacadda Brigham Young . ==Tixraac== [https://archive.today/20130205132947/http://www.utahstatesman.com/media/storage/paper243/news/2003/03/24/Features/Winners.Mishaps.At.Miss.Cache.Valley-397773.shtml?norewrite200611240351&sourcedomain=www.utahstatesman.com "Guulaystayaasha, khaladaadkii Miss Cache Valley"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060103095116/http://newsnet.byu.edu/story.cfm/52910 "Ardayga BYU wuxuu ku guuleystey Miss Utah USA"] [https://archive.today/20121209183713/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZqTuV5Eqn7gJ:newsnet.byu.edu/story.cfm/52910+%22marin+poole%22&hl=en&gl=nz&ct=clnk&cd=5 "Ardayga BYU wuxuu ku guuleystey Miss Utah USA"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.missutahusa.com/ Miss Utah USA & Miss Utah Teen USA website-ka rasmiga ah] [http://www.missteenusa.com/ Miss Teen USA website-ka rasmiga ah] [http://www.missusa.com/ Website-ka rasmiga ah ee Miss USA] 1wssikmgjc6sldeu960lsmehsniqnpc 0 43310 298871 285698 2026-06-19T11:33:35Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Xaliima Axmed |birthname = Xaliima Axmed |image = Halimaahmed4.jpg |image_size = |caption = Xaliimo Axmed 2012 [[World Economic Forum]] ee [[Addis Ababa]]. |birth_date = |birth_place = [[Soomaaliya]] |death_date = |death_place = |occupation = Dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasiga |spouse = |alma_mater = [[Dugsiga Diblomaasiyadda iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga ee Geneva]] }} '''Halima Ahmed''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Xaliima Axmed ) waa gabar u dhaqdhaqaaqda siyaasadda [[Soomaaliya]]. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Axmed wuxuu ku dhashay Soomaaliya . Waxbarshadeeda dugsiga sare ka dib, waxay shahaadada Bachelor of Arts in International Relations ka qaadatay Dugsiga Geneva ee Diblomaasiyadda iyo Xiriirka Caalamiga ah , oo ah ganacsi faa'iido doon ah oo aqoonsi la'aanta jaamacadeed ay hoos geysay iftiinka warbaahinta ==Xirfad== Axmed waxay shaqadeeda ka bilawday Xarunta Dhaqancelinta Dhallinyarada ee Muqdisho , caasimadda Soomaaliya . Shaqaadeedii ay halkaas ka haysay waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay wax ka qabato kooxaha ka soo goostay dowladda Soomaaliya Ka dib waxa ay noqotay musharrax u tartami doona baarlamaanka cusub ee Federaalka Soomaaliya ,oo la caleema saaray Agoosto 2012. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Hodan Axmed]] ==Xusuusin== [https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/geneva-private-universities-come-under-the-spotlight/47786510 "Jaamacadaha gaarka loo leeyahay ee Geneva waxay soo hoos galaan iftiinka"] [https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/geneve/13238587-a-geneve-des-universites-privees-proposent-des-formations-onereuses-non-reconnues-par-les-autorites-academiques-suisses.html "A Genève, des universités privées soo jeedin des formations onéreuses non reconnues par les autorités académiques suisses"] [https://fr.news.yahoo.com/%C3%A0-gen%C3%A8ve-universit%C3%A9s-priv%C3%A9es-pratiques-101507073.html "À Genève, des "universités" privées aux pratiques douteuses"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110228051752/http://genevadiplomacy.com/faculty-at-gsd/honorary-degree-recipients/ "Qatayaasha Darajada Sharafta ah"] [http://www.weforum.org/contributors/halima-ahmed "Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka - Xaliimo Axmed"] [http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html "Soomaaliya: Ergayga Qaramada Midoobay Oo Ka Hadlay Furitaanka Baarlamaanka Cusub Ee Soomaaliya "Xilligii Taariikhi Ah"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://web.archive.org/web/20250220190639/https://www.globalshapers.org/shapers/halima-ahmed Madasha Dhaqaalaha Adduunka: Global Shapers Community - Xaliimo Axmed] 2y7ub3uesx3ipfdvo428pqiddy127os 0 43330 298856 298299 2026-06-19T10:06:30Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shaadiya Yaasiin <br /> شادية ياسين | image = Shadyasin1.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth based on age as of date|27|2011|1|1}} | birth_place = [[Soomaaliya]] | occupation = [[Dhaqdhaqaaqa|dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha]], [[abwaanad]], [[macalimad]] | title = Isuduwaha Isbahaysiga Dhallinyarada York | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda York]] }} '''Shadya Yasin''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Shaadiya Yaasiin ; [[Carabi]]: شادية ياسين ) waa Soomaali u dhaqdhaqaaqa arrimaha bulshada, abwaan iyo macalin. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Yaasiin waxa uu ku dhashay Soomaaliya qiyaastii 1984kii . Ka dib waxa ay in muddo ah ku noolayd Tansaaniya iyo Kenya , waxa ay u haajirtay Kanada 1998-kii iyada oo ku jirta dhawr iyo toban jir Waxbarashadeeda dugsiga sare ka dib, Yaasiin waxa ay wax ku baratay Jaamacadda York ee Toronto . Waxa ay labanlaab ka qaadatay Horumarinta Caalamiga ah iyo Daraasaadka Afrika, iyada oo ka qalin jabisay Bachelor of Arts 2007 Waxay hadda ka shaqaynaysaa shahaadada mastarka ee waxbarashada Jaamacadda Toronto 's Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. ==Xirfad== Xirfad ahaan, Shadya waa macalin shahaado leh Ilaa 2008dii, waxay u shaqaynaysay sidii isku xidhka isku xidhka isku xidhka dhalinyarada York, NGO saldhigiisu yahay Toronto Xilkan, Yaasiin wuxuu maamulaa 18 hay'adood oo adeegga dhalinyarada ah oo ku yaal Weston-Mt. Deegaanka Dennis. Waxay sidoo kale ku jirtaa Golaha Sare ee Ontario ee Fursadaha Dhallinyarada. [[File:Shadyasirall.JPG|thumb|Shadya Yaasiin oo xoojisay dadkii isugu soo baxay isu soo bax lagu taageerayey Farmaajo oo ka dhacay Toronto (June 2011).]] 2011-kii, Yaasiin oo ay wehliyaan Soomaali-Canadian ah ayaa horkacayay bannaanbaxyo lagu taageerayey ra’iisul wasaaraha Soomaaliya, Maxamed C/llaahi Maxamed (Farmaajo), kaasoo bishii June lagu qasbay inuu xilka iska casilo heshiiskii Kampala. Waxay isla markaas gacan ka geysatay abaabulka socod dhalinyaro ah oo Ottawa u socda si ay ugu baraarujiyaan abaartii ba'an ee sannadkaas ka dhacday Soomaaliya Intaa waxaa dheer, Yaasiin wuxuu ku xidhay dhalinyarada Toronto jaaliyadaha First Nations ee Moose Deer Point, oo ku yaal meel u dhow Sudbury . Iyada oo ku jirta qaab dhismeedka hindisaha abuurista muwaadiniinta caalamiga ah, waxay ula safartay da'yarta magaalada ee halista ku jira ilaa Tansaaniya si ay u abuurto tabaruc dhalinyaro. Bishii Disembar 2012, Yasin wuxuu kaloo gacan ka geystay qorsheynta bandhigga Bandhigga West Won Festival ee sannadlaha ah ee Weston-Mount Macallinka iyo firfircoonida ka sokow, Yaasiin waa abwaan la daabacay iyo hal-abuur faneed, isagoo meelo badan ku soo bandhigay Iyada oo qayb ka ah shuruudaha koorsada ee barnaamijka CAP ee Jaamacadda York, waxay ku ciyaartay Xaawo Jibriil oo da'yar oo Buundada Hal Timo ah , soo saarista muusig ee asalka ah oo ay dhiirigelisay ruug-caddaa Soomaaliyeed ee gabayaaga Jibriil Yaasiin waxa kale oo uu ka shaqeeyay mashaariic farshaxan oo badan oo loogu talagalay carruurta iyo dhallinyarada oo ay hoos timaado AGO. Iyada oo loo marayo shaqadeeda waxbarashada iyo horumarinta bulshada, Yaasiin waxay ka qayb qaadatay hindisayaal kala duwan oo lagu horumarinayo ka qaybgalka dhalinyarada ee Ontario. Hawlaheeda waxaa ka mid ahaa taageeridda barnaamijyada hoggaaminta dhalinyarada, fududaynta iskaashiyada bulshada, iyo abaabulka mashaariic waxbarasho iyo ka qaybgal bulsho. Waxa kale oo ay ka qayb qaadatay hindisayaal lagu dhiirrigelinayo iskaashiga u dhexeeya bulshooyin kala duwan iyo kordhinta fursadaha ay dhalinyaradu uga qayb qaadan karaan hawlaha bulshada iyo kuwa horumarinta bulshada. ==Abaalmarinada== [[File:Shadyasin2.jpg|thumb|Yaasiin oo warbaahinta kula hadlayay fagaaraha Nathan Phillips ee Toronto (2011).]] Sannadkii 2013, Xiddiga Toronto ayaa Yaasiin ugu magac daray dadka la daawado sannadlaha ah iyada oo aqoonsanaysa shaqadeeda bulsho ee ballaadhan. ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309183121/https://www.pas.gov.on.ca/scripts/en/bios.asp?boardID=142820&persID=161879 Sare ee Fursadaha Dhallinyarada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160307140911/http://digital.yorku.ca/i/132348-yorku-summer-2013/34 "Abaabuliyaha xididka xididka Tusale ahaan wuxuu hogaamiyaa isbahaysiga dhalinyarada York"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170308131252/http://www.cea-ace.ca/education-canada/article/young-people%E2%80%99s-confidence-school-community-and-future-why-it-matters-and-wh "Kalsoonida Dhallinyarada ee Dugsiga, Bulshada, iyo Mustaqbalka: Maxay Muhiim u tahay iyo Waxa aan Ka Qaban karno"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000130/http://www.jumbliestheatre.org/now/bridge.html "Bridge of One Timo (Abriil 25th ilaa 29th, 2007): Xarunta Harbourfront: Ground Fresh iyo New World Stage"] [https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/people-to-watch-shadya-yasin/article_1fc4c4d3-7e63-58cd-8890-c00b8bdb34e8.html "Dadka la daawado: Shadya Yasin / 'waxbarata nolosha oo dhan'; SHADYA YASIN, URURKA BULSHADA / YASIN / 'Aniga waan abaabulaa. Aniga ahaan, waa balwad'] [https://archive.today/20130827154818/http://cap.apps01.yorku.ca/the-toronto-star-chose-cap-graduate-shadya-yasin-as-one-of-13-people-to-watch-in-2013/ "Xiddiga Toronto waxay dooratay Shadya Yasin oo ka qalinjabisay CAP inay ka mid noqoto 13 qof ee la daawado 2013!"] du4sweeqplc76wb2yrt5aftaps5phba 0 43336 298807 285772 2026-06-19T01:55:03Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Cabdiraxmaan Yabarow<br> عبد الرحمن يابارو | image = Hassan Sheikh Mohamud-vf.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Yabarow leh [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] (bidix). | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Soomaaliya]] | occupation = Wariye | nationality = | children = [[Swizzysworld|Muqbil Yabarow]] | title = Tafatiraha guud ee laanta afka Soomaaliga [[VOA]] | alma_mater = }} '''Abdirahman Yabarow''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Cabdiraxmaan Yabarow , [[Carabi]]: عبد الرحمن يابارو ) waa wariye Soomaaliyeed . Waxa uu ka soo jeedaa beesha Abgaal Hawiye Horraantii 2000-meeyadii, Yabarow waxa uu ka soo shaqeeyay UNDP qaybteeda Documentation-ka. Ka dib waxa uu noqday weriye Washington, DC ah oo ka tirsan laanta afka Soomaaliga ee BBC . Sannadkii 2009-kii, Yabarow waxaa loo magacaabay Tafatiraha guud ee laanta afka Soomaaliga ee VOA . ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20230814124235/http://ijaranews.com/newsdetails.php?subaction=showfull&id=1387628466&archive=1389751827&start_from=&ucat=1& "Cabdiraxmaan Yabarow oo ugu hanjabay inuu Shaqada VOAda ka ceerini doono Cabdullaahi Kolombo"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7PLsAAAAMAAJ Warbixinta horumarinta aadanaha, Soomaaliya 2001] [https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/focusonafrica/news/story/2006/05/printable/060525_language_highlights.shtml "Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee toddobaadkan"] [http://www.bbg.gov/blog/2013/02/05/somali-youth-speak-out-on-new-voa-show/ "Dhallinyaro Soomaaliyeed Oo Ka Hadlay Barnaamijka Cusub Ee VOA"] 5w0c2malq4egsm1ylq49dsv70p901s0 0 43351 298808 287349 2026-06-19T02:12:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Cali Cabdi | image = | imagesize = | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = [[July 5 1955]] | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = | nationality = [[Soomaaliya|Soomaali]]-[[Kanada|Kanadiyaan]] | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Concordia (Montreal)|Jaamacadda Concordia]] & [[McGill University]] | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = “Waxbarashada Soomaaliya: Taariikh, Burbur iyo baaqyo dib u dhis” (1998); "Waxbarashada iyo siyaasadda farqiga: fikradaha Kanadiyaanka" (2013) oo leh Ratna Ghosh; "Falsafadaha waxbarashada oo laga dumiyo" (2011) | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | website = | portaldisp = }} '''Cali Cabdi''' waa Soomaali-Kanadiyaan cilmiga bulshada iyo waxbarashada. Hadda, waa borofisar ku takhasusay waxbarashada horumarinta bulshada ee Waaxda Waxbarashada Waxbarashada ee Jaamacadda British Columbia ee Vancouver , Canada, halkaas oo uu hore uga soo shaqeeyay madaxa waaxda. Intaa ka hor, waxa uu bare ka ahaa Waxbarashada Caalamiga ah iyo Horumarinta Caalamiga ah ee Jaamacadda Alberta ee Edmonton, Alberta , Canada, halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ka soo shaqeeyay aasaasihii aasaasaha Xarunta Waxbarashada iyo Cilmi-baarista Muwaadiniinta Caalamiga ah (CGCER). Waa madaxweynihii hore ee Isbarbardhigga iyo Bulshada Waxbarashada Caalamiga ah ee Kanada (CIESC). Intaa waxaa dheer, isagu waa tifaftiraha aasaasaha / isku-duwaha daabacaadaha internetka ee dib-u-eegista lagu sameeyay ee Joornaalka Arrimaha Casriga ah ee Waxbarashada iyo Dhaqanka iyo Barashada Barashada . ==Xirfad== Cali waxa uu cilmiga bulshada ka qaatay Jaamacadda Concordia ee Montreal , halkaas oo uu sidoo kale ku qaatay shahaadada MA ee cilmiga siyaasadda isagoo diiradda saaraya siyaasadda guud. Waxa uu qaatay shahaadada Ph.D. waxbarashada horumarinta caalamiga ah ee Jaamacadda McGill . Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay Cali waxa uu ka soo shaqeeyay mashaariic cilmi baadhiseed oo caalami ah oo laga kala qabtay Soomaaliya , Kenya , Koonfur Afrika , Senegal , iyo Zambia isaga oo ah cilmi-baare, agaasime barnaamij ama wax ku biiriye mashruuc Waxa uu wax ka qoray - oo dhinacyo kala duwan leh - siyaasadda Soomaaliya, waxbarashada Soomaaliya iyo waxbarashada guud iyo horumarinta ee xaaladda guud ee Afrika, iyo sidoo kale arrimaha kale ee bulshada iyo dhaqanka ee khuseeya wanaagga bulsho ee qaaradda iyo xaaladaha ka saarida aqoonta. ==Waxbarashada== *BA (cum laude) cilmiga bulshada, Jaamacadda Concordia, Montreal *MA Sayniska Siyaasadda, Jaamacadda Concordia, Montreal *Ph.D waxbarashada horumarinta caalamiga ah, Jaamacadda McGill, Montreal ==Tixraac== [http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/educationhistory/Int_AliABdi.cfm Ali Abdi - Kulliyada Waxbarashada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/educationhistory/Int_AliABdi.cfm |date=20110112101136 }} [http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/JCIE "Journal of Issues Modern in Education"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301102932/http://multicultural.educ.ubc.ca/projects.html "David Lam Gudoomiyaha Waxbarashada Dhaqamada Kala Duwan"] [http://www.blackincanada.com/2010/07/31/ali-abdi/ "Cali A. Cabdi"] 7rqgj8bg49adf0snaje7sa097hfriw3 0 43748 298799 287004 2026-06-19T00:09:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abigail Shariff | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Zomba, Malawi|Zomba]] | other_names = | known_for = | education = | employer = | occupation = siyaasi | party = madax bannaan | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | nationality = [[Malawi]]an }} '''Abigail Shariff''' Bongwe waa xildhibaanad Malawi laga soo doortay 2019 iyo 2025 ee deegaanka Zomba Likangala. Waxay noqotay Madaxweynaha kooxda qaranka Malawi 2021. iyada iyo inta kale ee guddiga fulinta shabagga ayaa iscasilay May 2024. ==Nolosha== Shariff waxa uu ku dhashay Zomba . Intii u dhaxaysay 2007 iyo 2017 waxay ahayd khasnajiga kooxda qaranka kubbada cagta Malawi Sannadkii 2019-kii, waxay ku guulaysatay inay u istaagto sidii madax-bannaanideeda deegaanka Likangala ee magaaladeeda si ay u noqoto xubin baarlamaan. Waxay soo gashay baarlamaanka, laakiin xisbina ma haysan aqlabiyad, baarlamaanka la sudhay ayaa laga yaabaa inuu horseeday go'aamo gaabis ah. Guddoomiyaha Xisbiga Horumarka Dimuqraadiga Peter Mutharika ayaa ka codsaday madax-bannaanida sida Shariff inay taageeraan dowladda. 32 ayaa lagu heshiiyey oo ay ku jiraan Shariff, Susan Dossi , Lyana Lexa Tambala , Roseby Gadama iyo Nancy Chaola Mdooko Sannadkii 2021-kii waxaa loo doortay in ay noqoto madaxweynaha kooxda qaranka ee kubbadda cagta Malawi iyada oo beddeshay madaxweynihii hore oo iyadu ka noqotay magacaabisteeda Waxay garaacday ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubbadda netka iyo kabtan Emma Chongwe oo u tartamay jagada, inkastoo ay ka cabatay khaladaad doorash Shariff waxay ku qasbanaatay inay soo marto dariiqeeda adag ee doorashada maadaama ay mar ka hor istaagtay tafsiirkii guddigii hore ee dastuurka 2022, Shariff iyo Wasiirka Dhallinyarada iyo Isboortiga, Richard Chimwendo Banda , ayaa ku qanciyay Monica Chakwera , marwada koowaad ee Malawi. si uu u noqdo ilaaliyaha kooxda qaranka ee qaranka. Shariff wuxuu aaminsanaa in marwada koowaad ay awood u yeelan doonto inay ka caawiso dhibaatada kooxda. Kooxda waxaa soo food saartay dhaqaale la'aan gaar ahaan ciyaaraha gudaha Bishii Maajo 2024 Shariff iyo inta kale ee guddiga fulinta ee kooxda qaranka ayaa iscasilay. Waxay heleen warqad xasaasi ah oo ay wakiil ka yihiin kuwa raacsan ee ka xumaaday heerka horumarka. Golaha Isboortiga waxaa waajib ku ahaa in ay u istaagaan sidii ay taageero u siin lahaayeen ilaa inta laga soo magacaabayo guddi cusub Guddi cusub ayaa lagu dhawaaqay 3 Juun 2024 oo uu hoggaaminayo madaxweynaha ku meel gaadhka ah, Vitumbiko Gubuduza . Gududza waxay u ciyaari jirtay ciyaarta shabkada Cironets laakiin waxay markaas hogaaminaysay Blantyre iyo District Netball body. Shariff waa xubin ka tirsan Kutlada Haweenka Baarlamaanka Malawi oo 2024 ay hogaamineysay Roseby Gadama 2025 ayaa mar kale loo doortay inay matasho Zomba Ligangala iyadoo heshay 73% codadkii la dhiibtay. ==Tixraac== [https://mwnation.com/nam-resolution-bars-4-from-polls/ "Xallinta NAM Baararka 4 ee goobaha codbixinta] [https://www.faceofmalawi.com/2013/04/15/chinunda-re-elected-as-netball-association-of-malawi-president-mpinganjira-defeated-on-gs-post/ "Chinunda ayaa mar labaad loo doortey inuu noqdo Ururka Shabakadda ee Malawi, Mpinganjira ayaa looga adkaaday jagada GS"] [https://www.nyasatimes.com/no-hung-parliament-as-32-independent-mps-flock-to-governing-dpp/ Baarlamaanka la suray ma jiro iyadoo 32 xildhibaan oo madaxbannaan ay ku soo qulqulayaan maamulka DPP] [https://www.nyasatimes.com/nam-elects-mp-abigail-shariff-as-president-incumbent-khungekile-matiya-withdrew-from-race/ u dooratay xildhibaan Abigail Shariff inuu noqdo madaxweyne; Khungekile Matiya oo xilka hayay ayaa ka baxay tartanka - Malawi Nyasa Times - Wararka Malawi ee Malawi] [https://mwnation.com/chongwe-in-u-turn-on-nam-presidency/ "Chongwe oo u jeestay madaxweynanimada NAM] [https://mwnation.com/first-lady-nods-to-queensrole/ "Marwada koowaad waxay ku nuuxnuuxsatay doorka Queens"] [https://www.247malawi.com/vitumbiko-gubuduza-appointed-nam-interim-president/ "Vitumbiko Gubuduza oo loo magacaabay madaxweynaha ku meel gaarka ah ee NAM] [https://nplelectionsdashboard.com/parliamentary-map "Zomba Likangala on the Electionsdashboard"] {{Wayback|url=https://nplelectionsdashboard.com/parliamentary-map |date=20251222233712 }} i6sm48kixztjuqb9fgvkykgb3cu3vbk 0 43770 298812 287053 2026-06-19T02:38:31Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |name = Cismaan Cumaar Wehliye <br> ًعثمان عمر ًآةآلئيآ |image = |office = Madaxa [[Ciidamada Booliska Soomaaliya]]<br> Ku meel gaar ah |term_start = 30 October 2014 |term_end = 30 April 2015 |primeminister = [[Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed]] |predecessor = [[Maxamed Sheekh Ismaaciil]] |successor = [[Maxamed Sheekh Xasan]] |office2 = Taliyaha Booliska Soomaaliyeed |term_start2 = 16 March 2011 |term_end2 = 30 October 2014 |primeminister2 = Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed <br> [[Cabdi Faarax Shirdoon]] <br> [[Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali]] |predecessor2 = Cali Xasan Maxamed |successor2 = |birth_date = |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Siyaasi madax-bannaan|Madaxbannaan]] |alma_mater = }} General '''Osman Omar Wehliye "Gas-Gas'''" ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Cismaan Cumaar Wehliye, [[Carabi]]: ًعثمان عمر ًآةآلئيآ) waa taliyaha milatariga Soomaaliyeed. ==Xirfad== Bishii Maarso 2011 ilaa Oktoobar 2014, Wehliye wuxuu soo noqday Taliyaha Ciidanka Booliska Soomaaliyeed 30-kii October 2014-ka, ayaa waxaa si KMG ah loogu magacaabay Ra’iisal Wasaare C/wali Sheekh Axmed , kadib markii uu si lama filaan ah u geeriyooday Taliyihii hore ee Booliska Maxamed Sheekh Ismaaciil . Wehliye waxa uu xilka Taliyaha Booliska ku ekaa 30kii April 2015, markii Ra'iisul Wasaare Cumar Cabdirashiid Cali Sharma'arke uu u magacaabay Maxamed Sheekh Xasan Taliyaha Joogtada ah ee Booliska ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723071446/http://shabelle.net/article.php?id=4577 Dowladda Soomaaliya oo digniin u dirtay odayaasha Soomaaliyeed ee ka barbar dagaalamaya Al-shabaab"] [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=5523 "C/wali Sheekh oo Cismaan Gasgas u magacaabay Taliyaha Booliska ku meel gaadhka ah] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150502211313/http://www.somalicurrent.com/2015/04/30/somalia-government-appoints-new-police-commissioner/ "Dowladda Soomaaliya oo Taliye cusub u soo magacawday"] bf5jcb5yx3y1s5k2owenjiv0b43acsu 0 43816 298855 287396 2026-06-19T10:05:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = Honourable | name = Sesi Oluwaseun Whingan | image = Images (74) 1.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1985|09|22|df=y}}<ref name="e425">{{cite web | title=MHR for Badagry, Sesi Whingan gets Fellowship award from French Village | website=News Proof | date=2024-05-18 | url=https://www.newsproofs.com/2024/05/mhr-for-badagry-sesi-whingan-gets.html?m=1 | access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> | birth_place = Lagos | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Siyaasi | party = [[Dhammaan Xisbiga Horumarka]] (APC) }} '''Sesi Oluwaseun Whingan''' (wuxuu dhashay 22 Sebtembar 1985) waa siyaasi reer Nayjeeriya ah iyo xubin ka tirsan Aqalka Wakiillada ee Golaha Qaranka ee 10aad, isagoo matalaya Deegaanka Federaalka ee Badagry tan iyo Juun 2023. Wuxuu maalgeliyey shan iyo toban sharci wuxuuna soo gudbiyay mooshinno badan Golaha Qaranka. ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Wingan wuxuu ku dhashay qoyska boqortooyada ee Maseno ee Ikoga-Zebebbe, oo ku yaal aagga Dawlada Hoose ee Badagry ee Gobolka Lagos , 22 Sebtembar 1985 Mr. Hunyingan Pius iyo Mrs. Hunyingan. Intii u dhaxaysay 1990-meeyadii iyo 2000-meeyadii, Sesi Whingan waxa uu dhigtey St. Benedette Nursery iyo Dugsiga Hoose iyo Dugsiga Sare ee Ijemo Titun, oo labaduba ku yaalla Abeokuta , caasimadda Gobolka Ogun . 2009, wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Jaamacadda Olabisi Onabanjo ee Ago Iwoye , Ogun State, halkaas oo uu ku qaatay shahaadada koowaad ee Isgaarsiinta Mass . Kadib waxa uu shahaadada Master of Business Administration (MBA) ka qaatay Jaamacadda Anglia Ruskin ee dalka Ingiriiska . ==Xirfad siyaasadeed== Wingan waa xubin ka tirsan All Progressive Congress (APC) . Sannadkii 2023-kii, waxa uu galay siyaasadda, waxaanu ku guulaystay xubinimada golaha wakiilada ee deegaanka Badagry oo uu helay 34,970 cod Golaha 10aad , wuxuu u shaqeeyaa Guddoomiye ku-xigeenka Guddiga Kheyraadka Batroolka (korka) ==Hindisaha== ===Badagry 1000TTP=== [[File:Badagry_1000TTP.jpg|thumb|Ka qaybgalayaasha Mashruuca Badagry 1000 Tech Talents]] Noofambar 6, 2024, Sesi Whingan, oo kaashanaysa Codeverse Africa, ayaa bilaabay hindisaha Badagry 1000TTP , oo ah barnaamij loogu talagalay in lagu xoojiyo 1,000 dhalinyaro ah oo ku nool Degmada Federaalka ee Badagry xirfadaha farsamada lagama maarmaanka ah. Tababbarka karti-dhisidda hindisuhu waxa uu ku bilaabmay kooxdii ugu horreysay ee 200 oo ka qaybgalayaal ah, oo laga soo kala xulay saddexda gole ee deegaanka ee kala ah: Dawladaha Hoose ee Badagry , Olorunda, iyo Goobaha Horumarinta Golaha Deegaanka ee Galbeedka Badagry. ==Samafalka== Wingan waa aasaasihii Sesi Whingan Foundation ee Badagry Iyada oo loo marayo aasaaska, wuxuu ka qaybqaatay dhismaha waddooyinka iyo dayactirka, dib u habeyn lagu sameeyay xarun daryeel caafimaad oo la aqoonsan yahay macalimiin iyo arday heer sare ah iyo hadiyado cunto iyo lacag caddaan ah oo loogu talagalay dadka deggan Degmada Badagry ee Federaalka . ==Shaqada== Laga soo bilaabo 2003 ilaa 2008, Wingan waxa uu wariye ka ahaa idaacada Paramount FM iyo Gateway Mirror ee Gobolka Ogun. Kahor doorashadiisa golaha qaranka si uu u matalo deegaanka Badagry Federal Constituency , Wingan waxa uu qabtay jagooyin sida agaasimaha maamulka ee Pogs Luxury iyo Maamulaha Gobolka iyo Shuraakada FAB Pharmaceutical Nigeria Limited. ==Tixraac== [https://thenationonlineng.net/sesi-whingan-a-remarkable-performance-by-lagos-youngest-reps-member/ "Sesi Wingan: Waxqabad cajiib ah oo uu sameeyay xubinta ugu da'da yar ee Lagos"] [https://gazettengr.com/lagos-badagry-indigenes-urged-to-preserzve-culture/ "Lagos: Badagry indigenes oo loogu baaqay inay ilaashadaan dhaqanka"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://gazettengr.com/lawmaker-assures-speedy-completion-of-lagos-badagry-expressway/ "Xildhibaanku wuxuu xaqiijinayaa in si degdeg ah loo dhamaystirayo Jidka Weyn ee Lagos-Badagry"] {{Wayback|url=https://gazettengr.com/lawmaker-assures-speedy-completion-of-lagos-badagry-expressway/ |date=20240406171221 }} [https://guardian.ng/news/fg-pledges-to-support-nurture-tourism-in-badagry/ "FG waxay ballan qaadaysaa inay taageerto, kobcinayso dalxiiska Badagry"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/05/rep-whingan-receives-fellowship-award-from-nigeria-french-language-village/ "Rep Wingan wuxuu helay abaal-marin is-bahaysi oo ka socota Tuulada Luuqadda Faransiiska ee Nigeria"] https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/584719-nigeriadecides2023-apc-wins-badagry-house-of-reps-seat.html?tztc=1 [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/reps-seek-continuous-review-of-pia-to-address-global-local-needs/amp/ "Reps waxay raadiyaan dib u eegis joogto ah PIA si wax looga qabto baahiyaha caalamiga ah, deegaanka"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/badagry-lawmaker-invests-in-youth-devt-with-1000-tech-talent-project/ "Xildhibaan Badagry oo maalgeliyay horumarinta dhalinyarada oo leh 1,000 mashruuc hibo teknoloji ah] [https://pmexpressng.com/encomium-as-sesi-whingan-foundation-showers-rewards-on-outstanding-teachers-students-in-badagry/ "Encomium As Sesi Whingan Foundation Qubays Abaalmarino La Siinayo Macalimiinta aadka U Wanaagsan, Ardayda Badagry"] [https://newtelegraphng.com/lagos-reps-member-receives-french-institute-fellowship-award/ "Xubin ka tirsan golaha wakiilada ee Lagos waxa uu helay Abaalmarinta Isbahaysiga Faransiiska"] 9jmdgxykdhbdzj2hgpg6grkf9aboi72 0 43915 298847 287450 2026-06-19T08:54:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nnamchi Paul Sunday''' waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah. Hadda waxa uu u shaqeeyaa sidii wakiilka federaalka ee u matalaya deegaanka Enugu East / Isi Uzo ee Gobolka Enugu ee golaha shacabka ee 10aad . ==Tixraac== [https://thesun.ng/nnamchi-enugu-rep-tackles-poverty-with-education/ "Nnamchi, Enugu Rep waxay wax ka qabataa faqriga waxbarashada] [https://dailypost.ng/2023/06/27/son-of-nobody-can-become-somebody-lp-reps-member-nnamchi/ "Wiilkii qofna qof ma noqon karo - LP Reps xubin, Nnamchi"] [https://blueprint.ng/appeal-court-sacks-pdp-man-declares-lps-nnamchi-as-house-of-reps-winner/ "Maxkamada Racfaanka ayaa ceyrisay nin PDP ah, waxay ku dhawaaqday Nnamchi LP inuu ku guuleystay Aqalka Wakiilada"] [https://thesun.ng/appeal-court-reinstates-enugu-lp-rep-nnamchi/ "Maxkamadda racfaanka ayaa dib u soo celisay Enugu LP Rep, Nnamchi"] [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/05/human-capital-devt-the-rep-paul-nnamchi-style/ "Human Capital Devt: The Rep Paul Nnamchi style"] [https://ikengaonline.com/2023/11/06/rep-nnamchi-assures-constituents-of-quality-representation-more-works/ "Rep Nnamchi wuxuu dammaanad qaadayaa qaybaha matalaada tayada, shaqooyin badan"] {{Wayback|url=https://ikengaonline.com/2023/11/06/rep-nnamchi-assures-constituents-of-quality-representation-more-works/ |date=20251126034852 }} fmkubh3rrh5857eamy7glva20ny7j3b 0 44658 298798 289974 2026-06-19T00:08:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abaadir Cumar Ar-Rida | native_name = الفقيه عمر الرضا (أبادر) | imagesize = 200px | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Hijaz]], [[Arabia]] | death_date = | death_place = [[Harar]] }} '''Sheikh Abadir Umar Al-Rida''' {{Langx|ar|الفقيه ابادر عمر الرضا}}) oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Aw Abaadir ama Aw Badiir wuxuu ahaa halyeygii aas-aasay magaalada Harar , isla markaana ahaa awliidkii maanta ee bariga Itoobiya . Sidoo kale waxaa lagu tiriyaa in uu yahay awoowaha guud ee beesha Sheekhaal Soomaaliyeed iyo reer Harari. ==Taariikhda== Aw Abaadir waa shakhsiga ugu weyn ee Fath Madinat Al Harar , oo ah taariikh aan la daabicin oo Harar qarnigii 13aad. Sida ku cad xisaabtu, isaga iyo dhawr kale oo culimaa'uddiin ah waxay u safreen magaalada Harar iyagoo ka yimid gobolka Xijaas ee Sucuudiga maanta 612H (1216 AD). Sheekh Cumar Al-Rida ayaa intaa ka dib guursaday gabadh Harari ah oo deegaanka ah, waxaanu dhisay masaajidka Jamia ee magaalada . ==Dhaqanka casriga ah== Sida uu sheegay horraantii 1800-aadkii qoraaga Yahya Nasrallah, oo qoray "Fath Madinat Harar", xisaab-haye-heereedka Harar, Abaadir wuxuu sii sheegay in Talyaanigu Itoobiya hoos -tagayo . Wax sii sheegiddani waxay rumoobaysaa qarni ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee Italo iyo Xabashida . ==Goobaha== *Garoonka Aw Abaadir , wuxuu soo jeediyay garoon ku yaala magaalada Harar *Masjidka Abaadir oo ah masjidka ugu weyn magaalada Addis Ababa ee dalka Itoobiya ==Tixraac== [https://books.google.com/books?id=roIZDgAAQBAJ&dq=aw+abadir&pg=PT224 Xabashida Dhexe, Axmaarada, Tigriňa iyo Dadka la xidhiidha Waqooyi Bari Afrika Qaybta IV] [https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&pg=PA107 Taariikhda Islaamka iyo Dhaqanka Koonfurta Itoobiya: Qormo la ururiyey] [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55732-3_2 "Qabiilka isku xirka iyo Shabakadda Aqoonsiga ee Soomaaliya"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://somaliswisstv.com/2009/06/28/first-emir-of-harar-sheikh-abadir-musa-warwaje%E2%80%99le/ Amiir Sheekh Abaadir Muuse Warwaajele] {{Wayback|url=http://somaliswisstv.com/2009/06/28/first-emir-of-harar-sheikh-abadir-musa-warwaje%E2%80%99le/ |date=20240201182840 }} cktafo1h8bo1qdbwh5txmglsw516zg8 0 44736 298804 290065 2026-06-19T01:28:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Portuguese name|Franceschinelli|Bin}} {{Infobox person | name = Bianca Bin | image =File:Bianca_Bin_01.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Bianca Bin sanadkii 2015 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|09|03|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Jundiaí]], São Paulo, Brazil | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|Pedro Brandão|2012|2017|reason=div}} * {{marriage|[[Sergio Guizé]]|2018}} }} | occupation = Atariisho | years_active = 2009&ndash;hadda }} '''Bianca Franceschinelli Bin''' (waxay dhalatay 3 Sebtember 1990) waa jilaa reer Brazil ah. ==Nolosha hore== Bianca waxay ka timid magaalada Jundiaí ee gudaha gudaha Gobolka São Paulo , waxayna u guurtay iyada oo saddex bilood jirta Itu , sidoo kale gudaha gudaha São Paulo, halkaas oo ay ku soo kortay. ==Xirfad== Waxay ciyaartay doorka hogaaminta, Marina, xilli ciyaareedkii 2009 ee Malhação Kadib markii ay ka tagtay Malhação, waxay ku ciyaartay jilaa caan ah Fátima telenovela Passione ee Rede Globo . Dabeecaddeedu waxay ku lug lahayd xidhiidh jacayl oo ay la leedahay dabeecadda Cauã Reymond ee telenovela Waxay door hogaamineed ka ciyaartay 2011 Rede Globo's telenovela Cordel Encantado , bedeshay atariishada Paola Oliveira oo dooratay inay ka shaqeyso Rede Globo telenovela, Insensato Coração Cordel Encantado , waxay markii labaad la shaqeysay Cauã Reymond, kaasoo ciyaaray xiisaha jaceylka ee dabeecadeeda. Dabeecaddeeda waxaa lagu magacaabaa Açucena Bezerra, sidoo kale waa amiirad Waxay ku ciyaartay nin xun oo lagu magacaabo Carolina 2012 telenovela Guerra dos Sexos Bin waxa uu sidoo kale u sawiray doorka hogaaminta ee 2013 Rede Globo telenovela Joia Rara sida Amélia Waxay u jishay sidii Vitória oo ah sharkadii telenovela Boogie Oogie . Waxay ku ciyaartaa naag uur leh oo lagu magacaabo Maria 2016 telenovela Êta Mundo Bom! Hadda, waxay ku ciyaaraysaa Clara jilaagii ugu weynaa ee telenovela O Outro Lado do Paraíso . Waxay markii labaad la shaqeyneysaa jilayaasha Sérgio Guizé , Eliane Giardini iyo Arthur Aguiar . ==Tixraac== [http://revistaquem.globo.com/Revista/Quem/0,,EMI187872-9531,00-BIANCA+BIN+E+CONFIRMADA+COMO+PROTAGONISTA+DE+NOVELA+DAS+H.html "Bianca Bin é confirmada como protagonista de novela das 18h"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100216225300/http://www.abril.com.br/blog/chiado/2010/02/02/bianca-bin-fara-par-romantico-com-caua-reymond-em-%E2%80%9Cpassione%E2%80%9D/ "Bianca Bin fara par romântico com Cauã Reymond em "Passione"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230902025200/https://natelinha.uol.com.br/noticias/2012/09/17/bianca-bin-revela-inspiracao-em-carminha-para-vila-em-guerra-dos-sexos-154123.php "Bianca Bin revela inspiração em Carminha para vilã em Guerra dos Sexos"] [http://redeglobo.globo.com/novelas/vem-ai/joia-rara/noticia/2013/08/joia-rara-bianca-bin-se-prepara-para-entrar-em-cena-como-amelia.html "Joia Rara: Bianca Bin se prepara para entrar em cena como Amélia"] [https://oglobo.globo.com/play/series/noticia/2024/08/07/bianca-bin-surgira-bem-diferente-em-serie-do-canal-brasil.ghtml "Bianca Bin surgirá bem diferente na segunda temporada da série 'Colônia'] [http://gshow.globo.com/programas/domingao-do-faustao/melhores-do-ano/noticia/2011/10/melhores-do-ano-confira-todos-os-vencedores-das-14-edicoes-do-premio.html "Melhores do Ano: Confira todos os vencedores das 16 edições do prêmio"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3631924/ Bianca Bin] ee IMDb cvu2zg3su5qpd0fjzpnmc2umjf4bwpz 0 44832 298833 291708 2026-06-19T06:25:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Joseph Akahan | honorific_prefix = [ Colonel] | image = | width = 150px | office1 = [[Taliyaha Ciidanka (Nayjeeriya) | Taliyaha Ciidanka]] | term_start1 = August 1966 | term_end1 = May 1968 | predecessor1 = [[Yakubu Gowon]] | successor1 = [[Hassan Katsina]] | birth_date = 12 April 1937 | birth_place = [[Gboko]] LGA, [[British Nigeria]] | death_date = {{Death-date and age |May 1968 |12 April 1937}} | party = | education = | allegiance = {{flag|Nigeria}} | branch = {{Army|Nigeria}} | rank = [[File:Nigeria-Army-OF-4.svg|20px]] [Colonel] | battles = * [[Congo Crisis]] * [[Nigerian Civil War]] }} '''Joseph Akahan''' (12 Abriil 1937 - Meey 1968) wuxuu dhashay Joseph Akaahan Agbo, wuxuu ahaa sarkaal militari oo Nigeria ah iyo Madaxa Shaqaalaha Ciidanka May 1967 ilaa May 1968, markaasoo lagu dilay shil helikobtar ah intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Nigeria . ==Dhalashada iyo waxbarashada== Akahan waxa uu ku dhashay 12 April 1937 waxa uu ku dhashay degaanka Gboko ee Gobolka Benue . Wuxuu dhigtey Kulliyada Dowladda Keffi halkaas oo uu ka qaatay Shahaadada Dugsiga Cambridge (1952-1956). Wuxuu ku tababaray sarkaal sare oo ka tirsan Dugsiga Tababarka RWAFF Teshi, Ghana (1957-1958) iyo Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , Boqortooyada Ingiriiska (1958-1960). Waxaa la magacaabay 23 Luulyo 1960. ==Xirfadda ciidamada== Akahan waxa uu la soo shaqeeyay Ciidamada Nigeria intii lagu guda jiray Hawlgalka Nabad ilaalinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Congo Inqilaabkii Jannaayo 1966 ee xukunka keenay Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi , guutadii 4aad ee fadhigeedu ahaa waqooyiga Ibadan oo inta badan saldhigeedu ahaa ayaa lumiyay sarkaalkii hogaaminayay kaas oo lagu badalay Igbo , Major Nzefili. Saraakiisha waqooyiga ayaa diiday inay addeecaan, waxaana Aguiyi-Ironsi lagu qasbay inuu ku bedelo Major Joe Akahan, oo ah sarkaal waqooyiga Tiv Akahan waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah hogaamiyayaashii afgambiga ka soo horjeeda Nigeria ee 1966 kaas oo Aguiyi-Ironsi lagu dilay laguna bedelay General Yakubu Gowon , waxaana halkaas ka dhacay xasuuq baahsan oo loo geystay saraakiisha Igbo ee Guutada 4aad ee Ibadan ee hoos yimaada Akahan Inqilaabkii ka dib waxa uu sheegay in aysan dhici doonin dil dambe oo ay geystaan ​​askarta Waqooyi "maadaama ay hadda dhacdooyinku isku dheeli tirmeen Akahan waxa loo magacaabay Taliyaha Ciidanka Milatariga May 1967 wax yar ka hor intii aanu dillaacin Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Nigeria Waxa la sheegay inuu ahaa maskaxdii ka dambaysay fikradda hawlgalladii badda ee uu hoggaaminayey Lt. Colonel Benjamin Adekunle ee lagu qabtay Bonny bishii Luulyo 1967 . Joe Akahan Barracks waxaa loo magacaabay isaga, oo ku yaal Makurdi , caasimadda gobolka uu ka soo jeedo (Benue) iyo saldhigga hore ee hawlgallada intii lagu jiray dagaalkii sokeeye ==Tixraac== [http://www.dawodu.com/barrack6.htm "Xero: TAARIIKHDA KA DANBEEYA MAGACYADAAS (QAYBTA 7 - EPILOGUE Qaybta 1)"] [http://www.nigerian-army.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=0 "LATE COL. JRI AKAHAN (N/98) OFR FSS"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nigerian-army.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=0 |date=20110727123644 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120524092241/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/mar/17/0199.html "The roller coaster life of Murtala Muhammed (I)"] p5k8tisqqatn0lssr0mcwxf6rwufnju 0 45021 298828 290516 2026-06-19T06:02:56Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jean Yu | birth_place = South Korea | alma_mater = Machadka Moodada ee Teknolojiyadda<br>Dugsiga Sare ee Tacliinta iyo Klaasiga ee Metro | occupation = naqshadeeye moodada }} '''Jean Yu''' waa nashqadeeyaha moodada ee u dhashay Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo ka hawlgala magaalada New York . Iyadu waa xubin ka tirsan Golaha Nakhshadeeyayaasha Dharka ee Ameerika (CFDA) ilaa 2007, waxayna ahayd mid ka mid ah tobanka ugu sarreeya ee ugu dambeeya ee sanduuqa moodada CFDA/Vogue ee 2005. ==Nolosha hore== Yu waxay ku dhalatay Kuuriyada Koonfureed laakiin qoyskeeda ayaa ugu dambeyntii u guuray Mareykanka waxayna ku noolaayeen California Jean Yu waxa ay dhigatay Dugsiga Sare ee Metro Academic iyo Classical ee Saint Louis, MO halkaas oo ay ku jirtay fasalka 99 valedictorian iyada oo jirta 16 ==Tixraac== [https://international.ucla.edu/institute/article/32713 "Farshaxan hore: Raadista jaakadaha Jean Yu iyo Derek Lam"] [http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2875776 "Waxay samaysay halkaas, ka warran halkan?"] {{Wayback|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2875776 |date=20200429014750 }} [http://www.artnews.com/2014/01/13/folk-art-museum-inspires-high-fashion/ "Halka Fanka Dadku Ku Kulmo Fashion Sare"] sr8u23ufxcgtns9s0hp2dl9n0bowgrm 0 45480 298836 291480 2026-06-19T06:40:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kai Lossgott | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1980}} | birth_place = [[Marktoberdorf]], Germany | nationality = Koonfur Afrikaan-Jarmal | occupation = Farshaxanistaha isku dhafan ee maadooyinka kala duwan | years_active = 2003-hadda | notable_works = arrimaha yaryar iyo kuwa caadiga ah (2015), ugaadhsade-urur (2016), waxba maqaar la'aan ma aha (2008-2010), ammaan ah (2003-2005) | website = https://kailossgott.net/ }} '''Kai Lossgott''' waa farshaxan isku-dhaf ah oo Koonfur Afrikaan ah oo shayga, jidhkiisa iyo ku-dhaqanka muraayadda ku salaysan ka kooban yahay qaybaha waxqabadka, sawir-qaadista, qorista, sawiridda iyo filimada. ==Taariikhda iyo waxbarashada== Kai Lossgott waa farshaxan isku-dhaf ah oo Koonfur Afrikaan ah oo shayga, jidhkiisa iyo ku-dhaqanka muraayadda ku salaysan ka kooban yahay qaybaha waxqabadka, sawir-qaadista, qorista, sawiridda iyo filimada. ==Tixraac== https://issuu.com/africanartbookfair/docs/programme_aabf_-7 {{Wayback|url=https://issuu.com/africanartbookfair/docs/programme_aabf_-7 |date=20240528142859 }} https://www.artslant.com/ew/events/show/455949-mus%C3%A9e-lont-leux http://www.spiercontemporary.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/SC2007%20catalogue.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.spiercontemporary.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/SC2007%20catalogue.pdf |date=20240528142900 }} fuabzw11drh0e4g08s7fk8woge2jzfu 0 46757 298857 294677 2026-06-19T10:13:29Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shingo Futamura''' (Abriil 3, 1938 -)<ref>{{cite web |title=Shingo Futamura |url=https://www.officialusa.com/names/Shingo-Futamura/ |website=officialusa.com |access-date=23 September 2022 |archive-date=23 Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923030133/https://www.officialusa.com/names/Shingo-Futamura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> waa saynisyahan ku takhasusay agabka wershadaha [[rubber|cinjirka]] (rubber), kaas oo lagu yaqaanno aragtida uu keenay ee [[deformation index]] (tilmaanta isbeddelka qaabka).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Futamura |first1=Shingo |title=Deformation Index—Concept for Hysteretic Energy-Loss Process |journal=Rubber Chemistry and Technology |date=1 March 1991 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=57–64 |doi=10.5254/1.3538540 |url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/rct/article/64/1/57/91469/Deformation-Index-Concept-for-Hysteretic-Energy |access-date=4 August 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ​ == Waxbarashada == ​ Futamura wuxuu shahaadada koowaad ee Bachelor of Science ku dhammaystay [[Waseda University]] oo ku taal dalka Jabaan. Wuxuu shahaadada heerka labaad (master's degree) ka qaatay [[University of Michigan]] sanadkii 1968.<ref>{{cite book |title=Regent's Proceedings |date=1968 |publisher=University of Michigan, Board of Regents |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |page=1212 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=76QqAQAAMAAJ&q=futamura |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> Shahaadada dhakhtarnimada (doctorate) ee sayniska polymer-ka ayuu ka qaatay [[University of Akron]] sanadkii 1975, isagoo uu la taliye u ahaa Eberhard Meinecke.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biographical Sketch |url=https://rubber.confex.com/rubber/185/webprogram/Person4927.html |website=rubber.org |publisher=ACS Rubber Division |access-date=23 September 2022 |archive-date=23 Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923030134/https://rubber.confex.com/rubber/185/webprogram/Person4927.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ​ == Shaqadda == ​ Markay ahayd 1974, Futamura waxaa loo magacaabay hoggaamiyaha kooxda fiisigiska polymer-ka ee Firestone Central Research oo ku taal Akron, Ohio.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Michigan Alumnus |date=March 1974 |publisher=University of Michigan Alumni Association |location=Ann Arbor, Michigan |page=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lfjhAAAAMAAJ |access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> Muddadii uu ku jiray shaqada oo ka badan 40 sano, Futamura wuxuu qoray 25 warqadood oo cilmiyeed iyo 50 patent oo laga diiwaangeliyay Maraykanka. Wuxuu u shaqeeyay Nippon Zeon Co., [[Firestone Tire & Rubber Company]], iyo [[Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company]]. ​Waxaa loogu aqoonsi badan yahay soo jeedinta fikradda [[deformation index]] si loo xiriiriyo sifooyinka viscoelastic-ka iyo waxqabadka dhabta ah ee taayirka. Fikraddan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu doorto isku-darka cinjirka (rubber compounds) ee yareeya iska caabbinta wareegga taayirka (rolling resistance), waxaana loo isticmaalaa falanqaynta "finite element" si loo fududeeyo xisaabinta luminta tamarta iyo qaybinta heerkulka.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gibert |first1=James M. |last2=Ananthasayanam |first2=Balajee |last3=Joseph |first3=Paul f. |last4=Rhyne |first4=Timothy B. |last5=Cron |first5=Steven M. |title=Deformation Index–Based Modeling of Transient, Thermo-mechanical Rolling Resistance for a Nonpneumatic Tire. |journal=Tire Science and Technology |date=2013 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=82–108 |doi=10.2346/tire.13.410201 |url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/tst/article/41/2/82/130001/Deformation-Index-Based-Modeling-of-Transient |access-date=28 April 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ​ ==Abaalmarinnada iyo aqoonsiga== ​ 1973 - Abaalmarinta "Honorable Mention" ee warqaddii cinwaankeedu ahaa "Solution SBR-Study in Copolymerization Dynamics", shirka guga ee ACS Rubber Division.<ref name="best paper">{{cite web |title=Rubber Division ACS Best Paper Awards |url=https://www.rubber.org/Data/Sites/22/Assets/pdfs/bestpaperawardwinnerslist.pdf |website=rubber.org |publisher=ACS Rubber Division |access-date=23 September 2022 |archive-date=15 Bisha Lixaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615122557/https://www.rubber.org/Data/Sites/22/Assets/pdfs/bestpaperawardwinnerslist.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ​2014 - [[Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award]] oo ka timid [[American Chemical Society#Organization|ACS Rubber Division]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Futamura among Rubber Division award winners |url=https://www.rubbernews.com/article/20131009/NEWS/131009934/futamura-among-rubber-division-award-winners |access-date=23 September 2022 |work=Rubber and Plastics News |publisher=Crain |date=9 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2014 Science & Technology Award Winners Announced |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsbig&AN=edsbig.A353437989&site=eds-live&scope=site |access-date=23 September 2022 |work=Post Show Daily - International Elastomer Conference |publisher=Lippincott & Peto |date=2014}}</ref> ​ == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} ​{{authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Futamura, Shingo}} jvwaasrt04ej20o022grd089kmdakkm 0 46772 298842 294914 2026-06-19T07:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298842 wikitext text/x-wiki ​{{Nihongo|'''Manami Matsumae'''|松前 真奈美|''Matsumae Manami''}} waa hal-abuure u dhalatay dalka Japan oo curisa [[muusigga ciyaaraha fiidiyowga]]. Waxay horay uga shaqaysay shirkadda [[Capcom]] sannadihii 1980-meeyadii, iyadoo u qortay muusigga ciyaaro ay ka mid yihiin ''Dagaalladii Boqortooyadii'', ''Mercs'', ''Magic Sword'', iyo ciyaartii asalka ahayd ee ''Mega Man''. {{Infobox person |name=Manami Matsumae |native_name=松前 真奈美 |native_name_lang=jpn |image= |caption= |image_size= |birth_name=Manami Gotoh |alias=Chanchacorin |birth_date={{birth date and age|1964|12|25}} |birth_place=[[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] |occupation=[[Hal-abuur]], [[habeeyaha muusigga]] |years_active=1987–ilaa hadda | spouse = Kimitaka Matsumae | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes |instrument=[[Biyaano]] |genre=[[Muusigga ciyaaraha fiidiyowga]] |label=[[Brave Wave Productions]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Artists|url=http://www.bravewave.net/#artists-1-section|publisher=Brave Wave|accessdate=1 January 2018}}</ref> }}}} == Shaqada == Waxay horay uga shaqaysay [[Capcom]], halkaas oo ay ka qayb qaadatay cinwaanno ay ka mid yihiin ''[[SonSon|SonSon II]]'', ''[[Dynasty Wars]]'', ''[[U.N. Squadron]]'', ''[[Mercs]]'', ''[[Magic Sword (video game)|Magic Sword]]'', iyo ''[[Carrier Air Wing (video game)|Carrier Air Wing]]''. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa loogu aqoonsi badanyahay curinta muusigga ciyaartii asalka ahayd ee ''[[Mega Man (video game)|Mega Man]]'', oo ay ku jirto dhawaaqa caanka ah ee "Game Start". Matsumae waxaa lagu yaqaannay xilligii ay Capcom joogtay magaceeda dhalashada, oo ah {{Nihongo|'''Manami Gotoh'''|後藤 真奈美|''Gotoh Manami''}}, laakiin inta badan waxaa lagu aqoonsan jiray naanaysteeda, Chanchacorin.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greening|first1=Chris|title=Manami Matsumae Profile|date=13 April 2013 |url=http://www.vgmonline.net/manamimatsumae/|publisher=Game Music Online|accessdate=15 October 2014}}</ref> ​Ka dib markii ay ka tagtay Capcom sannadkii 1990, waxay noqotay hal-abuure madax-bannaan. Dhawaaqyadii ay ka shaqaysay ka dib waxaa ka mid ah silsiladda ''[[Derby Stallion]]'', cinwaannadii [[Game Boy]] ee ay samaysay [[Sunsoft]], iyo ciyaaro kale sida ''The Adventures of Lolo'', ''[[Another Bible]]'', ''[[Daffy Duck: The Marvin Missions]]'', ''[[Jade Cocoon 2]]'', iyo ''[[Dragon Quest Swords: The Masked Queen and the Tower of Mirrors]]''. Waxay sidoo kale is guursadeen muusikiiste Kimitaka Matsumae (oo markii hore ka mid ahaa kooxda [[Sega]] ee [[S.S.T. Band]]), kaas oo ay wada ka shaqeeyeen ''Othello World'' iyo ''Jade Cocoon 2''.{{cn|date=August 2018}} ​Matsumae waxay dib ugu soo laabatay silsiladda ''[[Mega Man]]'' iyadoo maraysa [[Inti Creates]], iyadoo u adeegtay sidii marti habeeye albumyada qaarkood, waxayna ku biirtay dhowr kale oo hore u ahaan jiray hal-abuurayaasha ''Mega Man'' si ay u abuuraan mawduucyada Robot Master ee ''[[Mega Man 10]]''. Sannadkii 2014, waxay ku biirtay shirkadda Brave Wave oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Tokyo]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2014/06/20/digital/new-label-helps-game-musicians-go-solo-3/|title=New music label helps classic video-game composers go solo|last=Martin|first=Ian|date=2014-06-20|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2018-08-01|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref> Shirkaddan ujeeddadeedu waa inay ka caawiso hal-abuurayaasha inay la xiriiraan shirkadaha caalamiga ah, waana sida ay muusig ugu darsatay ''[[Shovel Knight]]''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.destructoid.com/target-acquired-is-the-new-game-from-famed-mega-man-composer-283611.phtml|title=Target Acquired is the new game from famed Mega Man composer|publisher=[[Destructoid]]|first=Jonathan|last=Holmes|date=2014-08-11|accessdate=2014-12-28}}</ref> ​Bishii Luulyo 2015, waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in Matsumae ay ka shaqayn doonto albumkeedii ugu horreeyay ee solo ah oo asal ah, marka lagu daro album lagu maamuusayo oo ay ku jiraan habeynno ay iyadu samaysay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brave Wave announces solo album and tribute album by Manami Matsumae|date=5 July 2015 |url=http://www.bravewave.net/news/2015/brave-wave-announces-solo-album-and-tribute-album-by-manami-matsumae|publisher=Brave Wave Productions|accessdate=15 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=McMillan|first1=Emily|title=Manami Matsumae Interview: A Retro Revival|url=http://www.vgmonline.net/matsumaeinterview/|website=Video Game Music Online|date=30 March 2016 |accessdate=1 April 2016}}</ref> Albumka oo cinwaankiisu yahay ''Three Movements'', waxaa la soo saaray bishii Diseembar 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=The composer behind the original Mega Man just released an incredible solo album|date=17 December 2017 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/17/16780758/manami-matsumae-mega-man-composer-solo-album|publisher=The Verge|accessdate=18 December 2017}}</ref> ​ ==Shaqooyinka== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="auto" |+ !Sannadka !Cinwaanka !Kaalinta(h) |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1987 |''Ide Yosuke Meijin no Jissen Mahjong<ref>{{cite web|last1=Taher|first1=Mohammed|last2=Matsumae|first2=Manami|title=A Conversation Manami Matsumae|url=http://koopa.tv/a-conversation-with-manami-matsumae/|accessdate=11 April 2015|publisher=Koopa.tv|archive-date=11 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131435/http://koopa.tv/a-conversation-with-manami-matsumae/|url-status=dead}}</ref>'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay [[Harumi Fujita]] |- |''[[Mega Man (1987 video game)|Mega Man]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1988 |''[[F1 Dream]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[1943 Kai: Midway Kaisen]]'' | Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay dhowr kale |- !scope=row rowspan="4" |1989 |''[[Final Fight (video game)|Final Fight]]'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay dhowr kale |- |''[[SonSon II]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Dynasty Wars]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[U.N. Squadron]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="3" |1990 |''[[Mercs]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Magic Sword: Heroic Fantasy]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Carrier Air Wing (arcade game)|Carrier Air Wing]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1991 |''Capcom no Quiz: Tonosama no Yabou'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Derby Stallion: Best Race]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="9" |1992 |''[[Batman: Return of the Joker]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Sanrio Cup: Pon Pon Volley]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Derby Stallion: National Edition]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Trip World]]'' |Muusigga |- |''Best Play Pro Yakyuu Special'' |Muusigga |- |''[[List of Looney Tunes video games|Looney Tunes]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Honō no Dōkyūji: Dodge Danpei]]'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Hiroshi Tsukamoto |- |''Othello World'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Kimitaka Matsumae |- |''Esper Dream 2'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Shigemasa Matsuo |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1993 |''Honō no Dōkyūji: Dodge Danpei 2'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Hiroshi Tsukamoto |- |''[[Vegas Stakes]]'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Kimitaka Matsumae |- !scope=row rowspan="4" |1994 |''Adventures of Lolo'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Derby Stallion II]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Tenchi o Kurau]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Daffy Duck: The Marvin Missions]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1995 |''[[Megami Tensei Gaiden: Last Bible#Another Bible|Another Bible]]'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Derby Stallion III]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="3" |1996 |''[[Derby Stallion '96]]'' |Muusigga |- |''G.O.D: Mezameyo to Yobu Koe ga Kikoe'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Kimitaka Matsumae iyo Yuuichi Matsuzaki |- |''[[Derby Stallion]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1998 |''Pilot Kids'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Derby Stallion '98]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |1999 |''[[Derby Stallion '99]]'' |Muusigga |- |''Fun! Fun! Pingu'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row|2001 |''[[Jade Cocoon 2]]'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Kimitaka Matsumae |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |2002 |''Best Play Pro Yakyuu'' |Muusigga |- |''[[Derby Stallion Advance]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row|2006 |''[[Derby Stallion P]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row|2007 |''[[Dragon Quest Swords]]'' |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |2010 |''Mighty Fight Federation'' |"The Battle is Over" |- |''[[Mega Man 10]]'' |"Nitro Rider (Nitro Man Stage)" |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |2014 |''[[Shovel Knight]]'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay [[Jake Kaufman]] |- |''Rainblocks''<ref>{{cite web |title=Rainblocks is out, featuring Manami Matsumae |url=https://bravewave.net/news/2014/6/rainblocks-is-out-featuring-manami-matsumae |website=Bravewave Productions |date=15 June 2014 |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref> |Muusigga |- !scope=row|2015 |''Target Acquired''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Musgrave|first1=Shaun|title='Target Acquired' – A Conversation Legendary Composer Manami Matsumae|url=https://toucharcade.com/2014/12/12/manami-matsumae-interview/|accessdate=18 July 2019|website=Touch Arcade|date=12 December 2014 }}</ref> |Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2" |2016 |''Flat Kingdom''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Paquet |first1=Ryan |title=FLAT KINGDOM ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK: AVAILABLE NOW |url=https://www.originalsoundversion.com/flat-kingdom-original-soundtrack-available-now/ |website=Original Sound Version |access-date=2 November 2022 |archive-date=2 Bisha Kow iyo Tobnaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102141943/https://www.originalsoundversion.com/flat-kingdom-original-soundtrack-available-now/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Muusigga |- |''[[Mighty No. 9]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Development Update: Sound Creator Profiles!|url=http://www.mightyno9.com/en/20150710|publisher=mightyno9.com|access-date=2026-01-13|archive-date=2015-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822101601/http://www.mightyno9.com/en/20150710|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay dhowr kale |- !scope=row|2017 |''Starr Mazer''<ref>{{cite web|title=Manami Matsumae joins the Starr Mazer team!|date=20 January 2015 |url=http://www.bravewave.net/news/2015/manami-matsumae-joins-the-starr-mazer-team|accessdate=20 January 2015|publisher=Brave Wave}}</ref> |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay dhowr kale |- !scope=row|2018 |''Ultra Space Battle Brawl'' |Heesta furitaanka |- !scope=row|2020 |''[[Derby Stallion]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Derby Stallion for Switch Official Website |url=https://www.gameaddict.co.jp/derbystallion/ |website=gameaddict.co.jp |accessdate=2 December 2020|language=Japanese}}</ref>||Muusigga |- !scope=row rowspan="2"|2021 |''Dark Water: Slime Invader''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nintendo.com/us/store/products/dark-water-slime-invader-switch/ |title=Dark Water: Slime Invader for Nintendo Switch |website=[[nintendo.com]] |access-date=January 5, 2026}}</ref>||Muusigga |- |''Battle Axe''<ref>{{cite web |title=Battle Axe |url=https://numskullgames.com/game/battle-axe/ |website=numskullgames.com |date=9 June 2021 |access-date=2 November 2022}}</ref> |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay Alex Aniel |- !scope=row|2023 |''[[9 Years of Shadows]]'' |Muusigga oo ay la wadaagtay [[Michiru Yamane]] iyo [[Norihiko Hibino]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-24 |title=9 Years of Shadows - Dev Update #1 - Elemental Combat - Steam News |url=https://store.steampowered.com/news/app/1402120/view/2992066214570540223 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en}}</ref> |} ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== ​[https://bravewave.net/artist/manami-matsumae/ Brave Wave profile] ​[https://vgmpf.com/Wiki/index.php/Manami%20Matsumae Manami Matsumae biography] at Video Game Music Preservation Foundation Wiki ​[https://vgmdb.net/artist/187 Manami Matsumae credits] on Video Game Music Database (VGMdb) ​{{Authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Matsumae, Manami}} bew3bne75xjf9azwgs8gl3wacdiebef 0 47084 298810 294511 2026-06-19T02:16:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Ali Hassan | image = | caption = | full_name = Ali Mahomed Hassan<ref name="nft"/> | birth_date = {{birth date|1964|6|4|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Maputo]], Portuguese Mozambique | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|1|13|1964|6|4|df=yes}} | death_place = Maputo, Mozambique | height = 1.83 m<ref name="nft"/> | position = [[Defensive midfielder|Khadka dhexe ee daafaca]] | years1 = 1988–1991 | clubs1 = [[Sporting CP]] | caps1 = 22 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1991–1992 | clubs2 = [[Vitória F.C.|Vitória Setúbal]] | caps2 = 12 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 1992–1993 | clubs3 = [[Amora F.C.|Amora]] | caps3 = 9 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 1993–1995 | clubs4 = [[Académico de Viseu F.C.|Académico de Viseu]] | caps4 = 46 | goals4 = 1 | years5 = 1995–1996 | clubs5 = [[CD Torres Novas]] | caps5 = 16 | goals5 = 1 | totalcaps = 105 | totalgoals = 2 | nationalyears1 = 1989–1996 | nationalteam1 = [[Mozambique national football team|Mozambique]] | nationalcaps1 = 5 | nationalgoals1 = 0 }} ​'''Ali Mahomed Hassan''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ʌ|s|ən}} {{respell|HUSS|ən}}; 4 Juun 1964 – 13 Janaayo 2026) wuxuu ahaa [[association football|ciyaaryahan]] kubbadda cagta oo xirfadle Mozambican ah kaasoo u ciyaari jiray sidii [[defensive midfielder|khadka dhexe ee daafaca]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maisfutebol.iol.pt/destinos/ali-hassan/ia-assinar-pelo-benfica-mas-pessoas-do-sporting-desviaram-me-no-hotel|title=«Ia assinar pelo Benfica, mas pessoas do Sporting desviaram-me no hotel»|publisher=iol.pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tovarfc.pt/2020/04/29/ali-nao-ha-gelado/|title=Ali não há gelado}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfi.fr/pt/programas/desporto/20201130-maradona-a-lenda-do-futebol-mundial-que-conheceu-moçambique-com-ali-hassan|title=Maradona, a lenda do futebol mundial que conheceu Moçambique com Ali Hassan|publisher=rfi.fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/mozambique/o-pais/20171017/281809989128213|title=Ali Hassan: exemplo de fé, simplicidade e patriotismo|publisher=O Pais}}</ref> Wuxuu shan jeer u saftay [[Mozambique national football team|xulka qaranka Mozambique]] intii u dhaxeysay 1989 ilaa 1996.<ref name="nft">{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/66980/Ali_Hassan.html |title=Ali Hassan |work=National Football Teams |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref> Sidoo kale waxaa loogu yeeray xulka Mozambique ee tartankii [[1996 African Cup of Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/96a-det.html |title=African Nations Cup 1996 - Final Tournament Details |work=RSSSF |access-date=9 May 2021}}</ref> Hassan wuxuu ku dhintay [[Maputo]] 13-kii Janaayo 2026, isagoo jira 80 sano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mozambique: Ciyaaryahan Ali Hassan ayaa geeriyooday isagoo 61 jir ah |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-footballer-ali-hassan-passes-away-at-61/ |access-date=2026-01-24 |archive-date=2026-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114220959/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-footballer-ali-hassan-passes-away-at-61/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ​ ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Ali}} kkdi7cjt8ybz6opueo4dnsjznam0sku 0 47159 298821 294836 2026-06-19T04:42:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |name = Günther Glomb |fullname = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|08|17|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Jarmalka]] |death_date = {{Death date and age|2015|08|13|1930|08|17|df=y}} |death_place = [[Awstriya]] |position = [[Weerar (kubbadda cagta)|Weerar]] |years1 = 1951–1959 |clubs1 = [[1. FC Nürnberg]] |caps1 = 166 |goals1 = 66 |years2 = 1959–1961 |clubs2 = [[SV Wiesbaden]] |caps2 = |goals2 = |years3 = 1961–1963 |clubs3 = [[Wuppertaler SV]] |caps3 = 23 |goals3 = 4 |manageryears1 = 1965–1967 |managerclubs1 = [[Bonner SC]]<ref>[https://www.bonner-sc.de/home/verein/der-bsc/historie/ Historie] Bonner Sport-Club 01/04 e.V.</ref> |manageryears2 = 1967–1968 |managerclubs2 = [[:de:SpVg Frechen 20|SpVg Frechen 20]]<ref>[http://www.blau-rot.info/statistik/trainer/daten/glombguenther.php blau-rot.info Profile]</ref> |manageryears3 = 1968–1975 |managerclubs3 = [[Xulka kubbadda cagta Thailand|Thailand]] }} ​'''Gunther Glomb''' (17 Agoosto 1930 gudaha Jarmalka – 13 Agoosto 2015 gudaha [[Awstriya]]) wuxuu ahaa maamule kubbadda cagta Jarmal ah kaas oo markii ugu dambaysay u shaqaynayay sidii madaxa tababarka ee [[Xulka kubbadda cagta Thailand|xulka qaranka Thailand]].<ref>[http://www.thai-fussball.com/News-Schaefer-und-Thailand-einigen-sich-auf-3-Jahre-item-408.html Schäfer und Thailand einigen sich auf 3 Jahre]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Thai Fussball</ref> ​ == Shaqada == Glomb wuxuu shaqadiisa maamulnimo ka bilaabay [[Bonner SC]], intaas ka dib, wuxuu tababare u noqday [[:de:SpVg Frechen 20|SpVg Frechen 20]]. Sanadkii 1968, waxaa loo magacaabay madaxa tababarka ee [[Xulka kubbadda cagta Thailand|xulka qaranka Thailand]], booskaas oo uu hayay ilaa 1975. ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​ == Xiriirinta dibadda == ​ [https://web.archive.org/web/20140808061240/http://www.glubberer.de/g/glomb__gunther/glomb__gunther.html Günther Glomb] ​[https://archive.today/20200319191017/http://www.thai-fussball.com/News-Glomb-und-der-Koenig-Eine-Kurzgeschichte-item-830.html Glomb iyo Boqorka – Sheeko Gaaban] ​[https://archive.today/20200319191106/https://11freunde.de/artikel/ich-war-die-intelligenzbestie/400677 "Waxaan ahaa bahalkii garaadka"] ​[https://web.archive.org/web/20150822010052/http://www.nordbayern.de/sport/der-club-trauert-um-glomb-und-schweinberger-1.4595321 Kooxdu waxay u barooranaysaa lumitaanka Glomb iyo Schweinberger] ​[http://www.gasbkk.com/?p=4332 Xuska Günther Glomb] ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Glomb, Gunther}} f1tqjgh7jpqtxbaa9yutnv1qp26dq6m 0 47165 298862 294745 2026-06-19T10:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official | name = Sándor Puhl | image = | caption = | fullname = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1955|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Miskolc]], [[Jamhuuriyadda Dadka ee Hangari|Hangari]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Puhl Sándor 50 éves |url=http://sport.ma.hu/tart/rcikk/g/0/125679/1 |work=Ma.hu |date=17 July 2005 |access-date=4 August 2014 |language=hu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724063322/http://sport.ma.hu/tart/rcikk/g/0/125679/1 |archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|05|20|1955|07|14|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://szovetseg.mlsz.hu/hir/elhunyt-puhl-sandor|title=MLSZ Szövetség - Elhunyt Puhl Sándor}}</ref> | death_place = [[Budapest]], [[Hangari]] | otheroccupation = Agaasime | years1 = 1984–2000 | league1 = [[Nemzeti Bajnokság I|NB I]] | role1 = Garsoore | internationalyears1 = 1988–2000 | confederation1 = [[Liiska Garsoorayaasha Caalamiga ah ee FIFA|FIFA–liiska ku qoran]] | internationalrole1 = Garsoore }} '''Sándor Puhl''' (14 Luulyo 1955 – 20 Maayo 2021) wuxuu ahaa [[Garsoore (kubbadda cagta)|garsoore kubbadda cagta]] Hangariyaan ah, kaas oo loogu jecel yahay garsooridda afar kulan oo ka tirsanaa [[Koobka Adduunka 1994]] ee Maraykanka, oo uu ku jiro [[Finalka Koobka Adduunka 1994|finalkii]] u dhexeeyay [[Xulka kubbadda cagta Brazil|Brazil]] iyo [[Xulka kubbadda cagta Talyaaniga|Talyaaniga]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=International football referee Sándor Puhl |url=https://eu-football.info/_referee.php?id=1820}}</ref> Wuxuu kaloo garsoore ka ahaa kulammada [[UEFA Champions League]], oo uu ku jiro [[Finalka UEFA Champions League 1997]] ee u dhexeeyay [[Borussia Dortmund]] iyo [[Juventus FC|Juventus]]. Dortmund ayaa ku badisay 3–1. Sida muuqata, Sandor Puhl waxaa aad loogu yaqaannaa garsooridda kulankii ugu dambeeyay ee isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka ee France 98 ee u dhexeeyay Iran iyo Australia, halkaas oo Iran ay ka soo kacday 2-0 looga horeeyay kuna barbareysay 2-2, sidaasna ay ugu soo baxday Koobka Adduunka xeerka goolka martida awgiis. ​Waxaa loo doortay [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#The World's Best Referee|Garsooraha Adduunka ee ugu Fiican Sanadka ee IFFHS]] afar jeer oo xiriir ah: 1994 - 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/iffhs-ref.html|title=IFFHS' World's Best Referee of the Year|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> ​Ka dib markii uu ka fadhiistay garsoorenimada, wuxuu ahaa guddoomiye ku xigeenka Xiriirka Kubbadda Cagta Hangari (2000-2006). Wuxuu sidoo kale ka shaqeeyay falanqeeye isboorti oo ka tirsan kanaalka TV-ga isboortiga ee Hangari. ​Puhl wuxuu ku hadli jiray luuqadaha Hangariyaan, Jarmal, Talyaani, iyo Ingiriis. ​Puhl wuxuu dhintay 20-kii Maayo 2021, isagoo jira da'da 65 sano ka dib dhibaatooyin ka dhashay [[COVID-19]] intii lagu jiray [[Xanuunka COVID-19 ee Hangari]].<ref>[https://regnum.ru/news/3274754.html Умер венгерский футбольный арбитр Шандор Пуль, судивший финал ЧМ-1994] {{Wayback|url=https://regnum.ru/news/3274754.html |date=20210520181326 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.blikk.hu/sport/magyar-foci/puhl-sandor-gyasz-koronavirus-sportvilag/123spn5 |title=Puhl Sándor betegsége már hetek óta tartott: kiderült, mi okozta a legendás játékvezető halálát |date=2021-05-21 |accessdate=2021-05-21 |publisher=[[Blikk]] |language=hu |format= }}</ref> ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== ​[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929135659/http://www.weltfussball.de/schiedsrichter_profil.php?id=14280 Profile] {{in lang|de}} ​{{s-start}} {{S-sports}} {{flagicon|Hungary}} Sándor Puhl {{succession box | before = [[1985 Artemio Franchi Cup]] {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Abel Gnecco]] | after = [[2022 Finalissima]] {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Piero Maza]] | title = [[1993 Artemio Franchi Cup]]}} {{succession box | before = [[Finalka Koobka Adduunka 1990]] {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Edgardo Codesal|Edgardo Codesal Méndez]] | after = [[Finalka Koobka Adduunka 1998]] {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Said Belqola]] | title = [[Finalka Koobka Adduunka 1994]]}} {{succession box | before = [[Finalka UEFA Champions League 1996]] {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Manuel Díaz Vega]] | after = [[Finalka UEFA Champions League 1998]] {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hellmut Krug]] | title = [[Finalka UEFA Champions League 1997]]}} {{s-end}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Puhl, Sandor}} jden9a2mnfw0njsnmpr23pmsvudcy1a 0 47547 298818 298750 2026-06-19T04:21:32Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 298818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Muuse Dhimbil | native_name = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry|Kenya}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Arab Emirates}}|region4={{flagcountry| Eratareya}}|region5={{flagcountry| United States}} | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale |region6={{flagcountry| Ethiopia}}}} Beesha '''Muuse Dhimbil'''({{lang-so|Muuse Dhimbil}}, {{lang-en|Muuse Dhimbil}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Muuse Dhimbil Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley ilaa Aware.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Beesha Muuse Dhimbil waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Muuse Dhimbil **Abdalleh Muuse ***Jibril Abdalle ****Saeed Jibril *****Abdi Said ******Salah Abdi ******Roble Abdi ****Hersi Jibril *****Ahmed Hersi *****Abdalle Hersi ****Kalil Jibirl (Rer kalil) *****Hersi Kalil *****Egal Kalil *****Deria kalil *****Ali kalil ****Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) *****Aden Mohamed ******Benin Aden ******Nour Aden ******Ali Aden ******Adan Aden ****Abdi Jibril *****Ali Abdi (Rer Ali Abdi) *******Issa Ali *******Hussein Ali *******Mumin Ali *******Naleye Ali ******Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) *******Ismail Nour *******Hersi Nour *******Gabal Nour *******Mohamed Nour ******Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ******Abdille Abdi *******Gallab Abdi (Rer Gallab) ********Ismail Gallab ********Asker Gallab *******Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ********Guled Eiae ********Sharmake Eiae *******Mohamed Abdille ********Ahmed Mohamed *********Samter Ahmed *********Ziyad Ahmed *********Mayle Ahmed *********Elmi Ahmed *********Warfa Ahmed *********Geedi Ahmed *********Amanle Ahmed *********Food Ahmed *********Roble Ahmed *********Ainanshe Ahmed *********Wais Ahmed *********Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **********Ismail Dhible **********Barre Dhible *********Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *********Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **********Derie Gubadleh **********Boqorre Gubdleh ** Mohamoud Muuse ***Shirdon Mohamoud ***Hildiid Mohamoud ****Ali Hildiid ****Geedi Hildiid ****Hersi Hildiid {{tree list/end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" |+ Reeraha iyo Qabiilada Beesha Muuse Dhimbil !Magaca ! class="unsortable" |Tirada Qabiilada !Magacyada Qabiilada !Deegaanka !Sharaxaad Kooban |- || '''[[Mohamoud Muuse|Mahmoud Muuse]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Shirdon Mohamoud *Hildiid Mohamoud **Geedi Hildiid **Hersi Hildiid ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]],[[Aware]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- | '''[[Beesha Aden Jibril]]''' ||Afar Reer || *Benin Aden *Nour Aden *Ali Aden *Aden Aden ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]] ,[[Toon]],[[Salahlay]]. Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad,[[Kaamtuug]],[[kaam Abokor]], [[Iskoyska]] ,[[ Awaare]]. || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiir ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Beeaha Ali Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Mumin Ali *Naleye Ali *Hussien Ali ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Aware]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[beesha Nuur]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ismail Nour *Gabal Nour *Hersi Nour *Mohamed Nour ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[kaam Abokor]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Benin Abdi|beesha Rer Benin]] ||Afar Reer|| *Ahmed Benin *Hersi Benin *Osman Bein *Naleye Ahmed ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]]. *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha. |- | | | | | |- || '''[[Abdille Abdi|beesha Abdalle Abdi]] ||Saddex Reer|| *Gallab abdille *Eiye Abdille *Mohamed Abdille ||Dalka [[Somaliland]]: *Magalada [[Hargeysa]],[[Qoolcaday]],[[Salahlay]] *Dalka [[Itoobiya]]: *magaalad [[Egal Adani]] [[Iskoyska]] || * Waa tiir ka mid ah tiirasha ee Beesha |} ==Notable figures== ===Royalty=== *Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ughaz) and highly respected traditional leader. *Ugahz Mohamed Abdille Ahmed, a clan elder (Ughaz) and respected traditional figure. === Politicians === * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician. * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia ===Military=== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader. *Aden Mohamed Guhad – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Hussein Habane – is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered SomalIi SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship ===Intellectuals=== * Sh Mohamed Ali Geedi – Scholar and Founder of many Schools, which operates and establishes multiple schools across Somaliland and Beder International University. * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Mustafe Ali – is a scholar and lecturer at one of the universities of Pakistan * Dr.Mohamed Ahmed Sulub is the chairman of Hargeisa University. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Sh. Abdiraham Aden Eigeh === Journalists=== * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== n9ow46cpsob586iz1arginn35ztedmp 0 47559 298797 298362 2026-06-19T00:00:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack | title = Toogashadii dugsiga Onikişubat ee 2026 | location = [[Onikişubat]], [[Kahramanmaraş Province|Gobolka Kahramanmaraş]], Turkiga | date = {{start date|2026|4|15|df=yes}} | image = | caption = Ardayda oo daaqadaha ka boodaya si ay uga baxsadaan toogashada | mapframe = yes | time = {{Circa}}1:30{{nbsp}}p.m. | timezone = [[Time in Turkey|TRT]]; [[UTC+03:00]] | target = | type = [[School shooting|Toogasho dugsi]], [[mass shooting|toogasho wadajir ah]], [[mass murder|gumaad wadajir ah]], [[child murder|gawracidda carruurta]] | weapons = '''Gambiilaha''': Shan [[semi-automatic pistol|bastooladood oo si iskeed ah u ranta]] oo ah nooca [[9×19mm Parabellum|9mm]]<br/>'''Difaacaha''': [[Kitchen knife|Tooreyda jikada]] | fatalities = 11 (oo uu ku jiro gambiilaha)<ref name="AP">{{Cite news |date=16 April 2026 |title=Death toll from Turkey’s second school shooting in a week rises to 10 |url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-school-shootings-kahramanmaras-sanliurfa-5f3332b3242a64e9d2e6a3ba58072c05 |access-date=16 April 2026 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] }}</ref> | injuries = 19 (12 ay xabbadi ku dhacday, 7 sababo kale darteed) {{Citation needed|date=April 2026}} | perpetrator = İsa Aras Mersinli | dfen = Necmettin Bekçi, laba macallin iyo shaqaale ka tirsan kantiinka dugsiga oo magaciisa lagana helay Ümit | coordinates = {{Coord|37.5868|N|36.8662|E|type:event_region:TR-46|display=it}} | motive = Baaritaan ayaa ku socda | mapframe-zoom = 16 }} April 15, 2026, [[School shooting|toogasho dugsi]] ayaa ka dhacday Dugsiga Sare ee Ayser Çalık ee degmada [[Onikişubat]] ee [[Kahramanmaraş Province|Gobolka Kahramanmaraş]], Turkiga. İsa Aras Mersinli, oo ah arday 13 jir ah oo ka diiwaangashan dugsiga, ayaa toogasho ku dilay 10 qof, wuxuuna dhaawacay 12 kale. Mersinli wuxuu u dhintay [[hypovolemic shock|shoog ka dhashay dhiig-bax badan]] ka dib markii uu la kulmay dhaawac toorey ah oo halis ah xilli uu isku dayayay inuu ka baxsado goobta. Toogashadani waxay dhacday maalin ka dib [[2026 Siverek school shooting|toogasho kale oo dugsi]] oo ka dhacday degmada [[Siverek]] ee [[Şanlıurfa Province|Gobolka Şanlıurfa]].<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news |date=15 April 2026 |title=Student kills nine in Turkey's second school shooting in two days |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/least-one-killed-turkey-school-shooting-ntv-reports-2026-04-15/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |publisher=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> Waa toogashadii ugu dhimashada badneyd ee dugsi ka dhacda taariikhda Turkiga. == Gadaal == {{See also|Crime in Turkey#Guns}} Toogashooyinka dugsiyadu maaha kuwo caadi ka ah Turkiga. Qaranku wuxuu leeyahay [[Overview of gun laws by nation#Turkey|xeerar hubka dambeeya]] oo u baahan shatiga, diiwaangelinta, hubinta caafimaadka dhimirka iyo taariikhda dambiyada, iyo ganaaxyo adag oo ku saabsan haysashada sharcidarrada ah.<ref name="FR24">{{Cite news |date=14 April 2026 |title=Turkey school shooting wounds 16, attacker dead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260414-turkey-school-shooting-wounds-16-attacker-dead |access-date=14 April 2026 |publisher=[[France 24]] }}</ref> In kasta oo qaarkood ay sheegaan in xeerarkani ay adag yihiin,<ref name="FR24" /> kuwo kale ayaa sheegaya in tirada dadka gaarka ah ee hubka leh ay u korortay si khatar ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ülke koca bir poligon: Her cepte bir silah var |url=https://www.birgun.net/haber/ulke-koca-bir-poligon-her-cepte-bir-silah-var-619058 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[BirGün]] |language=tr |trans-title=The country is one big shooting range: there's a gun in every pocket}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first=|date=2025-04-29 |title=Gun ownership soars in Turkey, raising security concerns |url=https://stockholmcf.org/gun-ownership-soars-in-turkey-raising-security-concerns/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=[[Stockholm Center for Freedom]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Toogashada Onikişubat ka hor, toogashadii ugu caansan ee dugsi waxay ahayd [[Eskişehir University shooting|toogashadii Jaamacadda Eskişehir ee 2018]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saka |first=Erkan |date=15 April 2026 |title=Türkiye had her deadliest school shooting today |url=https://erkansaka.net/2026/04/15/school-shootings-turkey-2026-incidents-patterns-analysis/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=Erkan's Field Diary }}</ref> Ka dib [[2026 Siverek school shooting|weerarkii Siverek]], ururo badan oo macallimiin ah oo ku yaal Turkiga ayaa ku dhawaaqay shaqo-joojin hal maalin ah oo dalka oo dhan ah April 15 si ay uga mudaaharaadaan ammaan-darrada haysata barayaasha iyo ardayda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gülkanat |first=Taylan |date=15 April 2026 |title=Eğitimcilerden Şanlıurfa'daki lise saldırısı sonrası 'iş bırakma' kararı: 'Okul güvenliğini sağlamayanların açık sorumluluğudur!' |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/egitimcilerden-sanliurfa-daki-lise-saldirisi-sonrasi-is-birakma-karari-okul-guvenligini-saglamayanlarin-acik-sorumlulugudur-2495162 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Cumhuriyet]] |language=tr |trans-title=Teachers decide to go on strike following the attack on a secondary school in Şanlıurfa: 'It is the clear responsibility of those who fail to ensure school safety!'}}</ref> Daqiiqado ka hor toogashada, [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Wasiirka Waxbarashada Qaranka]] [[Yusuf Tekin]] ayaa la hadlay saxaafadda ka hor kulankii kooxda Golaha Shacabka Weyn ee Turkiga ([[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|TBMM]]) ee [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Xisbiga AK]]. Isagoo ka hadlayay toogashadii Siverek, wuxuu sheegay in, iyadoo la raacayo qiimeyn lagu sameeyay [[Ministry of Interior (Turkey)|Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha]], dugsiyada loo kala saaray qaybaha khatarta ah, isla markaana arrimaha amniga noocaas ahi ay weli safka hore uga jiraan ajandihiisa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Şanlıurfa'daki okulda silahlı saldırı… Milli Eğitim Bakanı Tekin: 'Saldırının ardından tüm tedbirleri alıyoruz, soruşturma sürüyor' |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/sanliurfa-daki-okulda-silahli-saldiri-milli-egitim-bakani-tekin-saldirinin-ardindan-tum-tedbirleri-aliyoruz-sorusturma-suruyor-2495371 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Cumhuriyet]] |language=tr |trans-title=Armed attack at a school in Şanlıurfa… Education Minister Tekin: 'We are taking all necessary measures in the wake of the attack; the investigation is ongoing' }}</ref> === Weerarada kale ee ka dhacay Turkiga === {{Main|2026 Siverek school shooting}} Maalintii ka horreysay, nin 19 jir ah ayaa rasaas ku furay dugsi sare oo farsamada gacanta ah oo ku yaal [[Siverek]], Gobolka Şanlıurfa, isagoo dhaawacay 16 qof ka hor inta uusan isdilin.<ref name="Reuters" /> Maalintii ay dhacday toogashada Onikişubat, dhalasho yar ayaa rasaas ku furay arday bannaanka dugsi sare ku sugnaa oo ku yaal [[Şahinbey]], Gobolka Gaziantep. Shan xabbadood ayaa la riday laakiin qofna ma dhaawacmin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2026 |title=Gaziantep’te Lisede Silahlı Panik Yaşandı |trans-title=Gun Panic Erupts at High School in Gaziantep |url=https://www.haberts.com/gaziantepte-lisede-silahli-panik-yasandi/amp |access-date=15 April 2026 |publisher=HaberTS |language=Turkish }}</ref> Arday dugsi sare ah oo ku yaal [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], Gobolka Mersin, ayaa isna xabsiga loo taxaabay ka dib markii lagu qabtay bastoolad isagoo dugsiga jooga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2026 |title=Tarsus’ta lise öğrencisi okulda tabancayla yakalandı |trans-title=A high school student in Tarsus was caught with a gun at school |url=https://www.mersinportal.com/tarsusta-lise-ogrencisi-okulda-tabancayla-yakalandi |access-date=15 April 2026 |publisher=Mersin Portal |language=Turkish }}</ref> Wiil 13 jir ah ayaa si ba'an loogu dhaawacay toorey beer ku taal [[Keçiören]], Gobolka Ankara.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2026 |title=The child who seriously injured his peer with a knife also had the moment of the attack recorded. |url=https://en.haberler.com/the-child-who-seriously-injured-his-peer-with-a-19751586/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |publisher=Haberler }}</ref> April 17, 2026, waalid dhalay arday dhata Dugsiga Sare ee Dumlupınar ee Şanlıurfa ayaa isku dayay inuu macallin ku weeraro toorey. Saraakiisha booliska ee dugsiga joogay ayaa awood u sheegay weeraryahanka, mana jirin qof ku dhaawacmay dhacdadaas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-17 |title=Şanlıurfa'da okulda öğretmene saldırı girişimi! Valilikten açıklama geldi |url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/yer-sanliurfa-okula-veli-kiliginda-giren-supheliyi-etkisiz-hale-getirdi-7573009 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[Milliyet]] |language=tr|trans-title=Attempted attack on a teacher at a school in Şanlıurfa! Statement issued by the governor's office}}</ref> == Toogashada == [[File:İsa Aras Mersinli, perpetrator of the 2026 Onikişubat school shooting.png|thumb|Mersinli (oo goobada gaduudan ku jira) oo tilmaamaya laba arday ka hor inta uusan toogan.]] Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinnada hordhaca ah ee ka dhashay Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Kahramanmaraş iyo laamaha ammaanka ee deegaanka, toogashadu waxay bilaabatay qiyaastii 1:30{{nbsp}}p.m. [[Time in Turkey|TRT]].<ref name="Anadolu Agency-2026">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş'ta okulda silahlı saldırı |trans-title=School shooting in Kahramanmaraş |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/kahramanmarasta-okulda-silahli-saldiri/3906448 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]] |location=[[Ankara]]}}</ref> Weeraryahanka ayaa la sheegay inuu boorso ku dhex qariyay shan bastooladood oo 9mm ah iyo toddoba majaladood (magazines) ka hor inta uusan soo galin dugsiga.<ref name="Anadolu Agency-2026" /><ref name="Milliyet-2026" /> Toogashadu waxay bilaabatay ka dib markii gambiiluhu uu galay fasal dhexdiis wuxuuna rasaas ku furay dadkii ku jiray. Intaa ka dib, wuxuu u guuray fasal labaad halkaas oo uu ka sii guda galay weerarka.<ref name="Milliyet-2026">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş'ta okulda katliam yapan İsa Aras Mersinli nasıl etkisiz hale getirildi? 'Bıçağı bacağına doğru salladım' |url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/live-kahramanmarasta-okulda-katliam-yapan-isa-aras-mersinlinin-babasi-ugur-mersinlinin-ifadesi-ortaya-cikti-7572182 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Milliyet]] |language=tr |trans-title=How was İsa Aras, the man from Mersin who carried out a massacre at a school in Kahramanmaraş, neutralised? 'I swung the knife towards his leg'}}</ref><ref name="Medyascope-2026">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş'ta ortaokula silahlı saldırı: 4 kişi hayatını kaybetti, 20 kişi yaralandı |url=https://medyascope.tv/2026/04/15/kahramanmarasta-ortaokula-silahli-saldiri-can-kaybi-var/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=Medyascope |language=tr |trans-title=Armed attack on a secondary school in Kahramanmaraş: 4 people killed, 20 injured }}</ref> Ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah fasallada la weeraray wuxuu ahaa fasalka xisaabta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş'ta okulda silahlı saldırı: 9 ölü, 13 yaralı |trans-title=Armed attack at a school in Kahramanmaraş: 9 dead, 13 injured |url=https://www.iha.com.tr/kahramanmaras-haberleri/kahramanmarasta-okulda-silahli-saldiri-9-olu-13-yarali-408414755 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[İhlas News Agency]] |language=tr |edition= }}</ref> Xilli ay toogashadu dhacayso, ardayda ayaa la sheegay inay ka boodeen daaqadaha dugsiga si ay u baxsadaan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Karadağ |first=Ümit |date=15 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş'ta öğrenciler kurtulmak için camdan atladı |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/kahramanmaras-ta-ogrenciler-kurtulmak-icin-camdan-atladi-p310512 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr |trans-title=Students in Kahramanmaraş jumped out of a window to escape }}</ref> Necmettin Bekçi, oo ah waalid dhalay laba arday oo wax ka barta dugsiga, ayaa ugu dambeyntii galay dhismaha si uu isugu dayo inuu joojiyo weerarka.<ref name="Milliyet-2026" /> Wuxuu sheegay in laba ka mid ah shaqaalaha dugsiga ay mar hore isku dayayeen inay weeraryahanka ku qabtaan jaranjarada markii uu isagu goobta soo gaaray. Bekçi wuxuu sharraxay in, ka dib markii uu weeraryahanku iska soo bixiyay, uu toorey kaga dhuftay lugta weeraryahanka si uu uga dhigo mid hawlgab ah, isagoo si aan ula kac ahayn u gooyay [[femoral artery|uudda bowdada]].<ref name="Milliyet-2026" /> Warbixinta baaritaanka dhimashada ka dib ayaa muujisay in [[hypovolemic shock|shoogga dhiig-baxa badan]] uu sababay dhimashada Mersinli.<ref name="Milliyet-2026" /> === Ka dib dhacdada isla markiiba === Wax yar ka dib warbixinnadii ugu horreeyay, kooxaha gurmadka degdeg ah ee caafimaadka ayaa isla markiiba loo diray si ay u caawiyaan dadka dhaawacmay una geeyaan isbitaallada u dhow.<ref name="Medyascope-2026" /> Dugsiyada ku yaal Kahramanmaraş ayaa la xiray laba maalmood dhacdada ka dib.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Silahlı saldırının ardından: Kahramanmaraş'ta okullara 2 gün ara! |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/son-dakika-silahli-saldirinin-ardindan-kahramanmaras-ta-okullara-2-gun-ara-2495444 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Cumhuriyet]] |language=tr |trans-title=Following the armed attack: Schools in Kahramanmaraş to close for two days!}}</ref> Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha [[Mustafa Çiftçi]], Wasiirka Waxbarashada Qaranka Tekin, iyo [[Ministry of Health (Turkey)|Wasiirka Caafimaadka]] [[Kemal Memişoğlu]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay ujeedkooda ah inay u safraan Kahramanmaraş si ay u maareeyaan dadaallada gurmadka una caawiyaan qoysaska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=RTÜK'ten Kahramanmaraş'taki saldırıyla ilgili yayın kuruluşlarına uyarı |url=https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/rtukten-kahramanmarastaki-saldiriyla-ilgili-yayin-kuruluslarina-uyari-941758.html |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[TRT Haber]] |language=tr |trans-title=RTÜK issues a warning to broadcasters regarding the attack in Kahramanmaraş }}</ref> [[Ministry of Justice (Turkey)|Wasaaradda Caddaaladda]] ayaa ku dhawaaqday mamnuucid dhinaca baahinta ah oo ku saabsan tebinta toogashada "guri-u-lahanshaha danta daacadnimada baaritaanka". Toddoba xeer-ilaaliye, afar kormeerayaal sare oo madani ah iyo afar kormeerayaal sare oo boolis ah ayaa loo xilsaaray baaritaanka socda.<ref name="CNN" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=İçişleri Bakanı Mustafa Çiftçi, Kahramanmaraş’taki okul saldırısıyla ilgili olarak 4 Mülkiye Başmüfettişi ve 4 Polis Başmüfettişi görevlendirdi |url=https://www.iha.com.tr/ankara-haberleri/icisleri-bakani-mustafa-ciftci-kahramanmarastaki-okul-saldirisiyla-ilgili-olarak-4-mulkiye-basmufettisi-ve-4-polis-basmufettisi-gorevlendirdi-408432031 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[İhlas News Agency]] |language=tr |trans-title=The Minister of the Interior, Mustafa Çiftçi, has appointed four Chief Inspectors of the Civil Service and four Chief Police Inspectors in connection with the school attack in Kahramanmaraş}}</ref> == Dhibanayaasha == Halk macallin iyo sagaal arday ayaa la tilmaamay in la dilay, oo uu ku jiro mid markii dambe u dhintay ka dib markii lagu daawaynayay 18 maalmood isbitaalka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Death toll from Türkiye school shooting rises to 10 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/turkiye-school-shooting-gun-death-toll-6098241 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=2026-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260505073107/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/turkiye-school-shooting-gun-death-toll-6098241 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 12 qof ayaa lagu dhaawacay gudaha dugsiga, toddoba kalena waxay ku dhaawacmeen xilli ay isku dayayeen inay baxsadaan, oo ay ku jiraan shan qof oo xaaladoodu halis tahay.<ref name="Reuters" /><ref name="T24-2026">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Sağlık Bakanı Memişoğlu'ndan Kahramanmaraş'taki okul saldırısında yaralananlar hakkında açıklama: 11'i taburcu edildi, 9 hastanın tedavisi sürüyor |url=https://t24.com.tr/gundem/saglik-bakani-memisoglundan-kahramanmarastaki-okul-saldirisinda-yaralananlar-hakkinda-aciklama-11i-taburcu-edildi-9-hastanin-tedavisi-suruyor,1314665 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]] |language=tr |trans-title=Statement from Health Minister Memişoğlu regarding those injured in the school attack in Kahramanmaraş: 11 have been discharged, and 9 patients are still undergoing treatment}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{Cite news |date=15 April 2026 |title=Four people killed in second school shooting in Turkey in two days |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/15/asia/turkey-second-school-shooting-intl |access-date=15 April 2026 |publisher=[[CNN]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Maraş’taki okul saldırısında bilanço ağırlaştı: Can kaybı 10’a yükseldi |url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/5979876/maras-taki-okul-saldirisinda-bilanco-agirlasti-can-kaybi-10-a-yukseldi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416091357/https://www.evrensel.net/haber/5979876/maras-taki-okul-saldirisinda-bilanco-agirlasti-can-kaybi-10-a-yukseldi |archive-date=16 Bisha Afraad 2026 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Evrensel]] |language=tr |trans-title=The death toll from the school attack in Maraş has risen: the number of fatalities has risen to 10 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AP" /> Kow iyo toban qof ayaa laga soo saaray isbitaalka ka dib markii ay heleen daawayn.<ref name="T24-2026" /> Ayla Kara, oo 56 jir ah, ahaydna macallin xisaabta, ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay tahay geesiyad ka dib markii ay ardaydeeda ku gaashaantay jirkeeda markii ay toogashadu bilaabatay. Waxaa ku dhacay xabbado waxayna ku dhimatay goobtii.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-16 |title=Teacher killed while shielding students in Kahramanmaraş school shooting - Türkiye News |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/teacher-killed-while-shielding-students-in-kahramanmaras-school-shooting-221109 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Hürriyet Daily News |language=en}}</ref> Mid ka mid ah dhibanayaasha toogashada wuxuu ahaa 11 jirka lagu magacaabi jiray Yusuf Tarık Gül, oo markii dambe u dhintay dhaawacyadii soo gaaray. Aabihiis wuxuu ahaa sarkiil boolis ah oo shaqada laga eryay intii lagu jiray [[Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt|sifeyntii]] ka dambaysay [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt|isku daygii afgambi ee Turkiga ee 2016]] wuxuuna lix sano ku qaatay xabsiga. Kaliya lix bilood ka dib markii ay dib u midoobeen ka dib markii aabihiis laga soo daayay xabsiga, Yusuf waa la dilay. Ma jirin mas'uuliyiin dowladeed oo ka tirsan xisbiga talada haya ee [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Xisbiga AKP]] oo ka qaybgalay aaska Yusuf, waxaana la sheegay inay taasi sabab u ahayd taariikhda aabihiis. Tani waxay dhalisay naqdin uga timid kooxaha u dooda xuquuqda aadanaha iyo xildhibaanada [[Ömer Faruk Gergerlioğlu]] iyo Turan Çömez.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaya |first=Hümeyra |date=2026-04-17 |title=Babaya doyamadan veda: Yusuf Tarık Gül'ün babası KHK'lı Burak Gül, cezaevinden birkaç ay önce tahliye olmuştu |url=https://www.tv5.com.tr/babaya-doyamadan-veda-yusuf-tarik-gulun-babasi-khkli-burak-gul-cezaevinden-birkac-ay-once-tahliye-olmustu |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=TV5 Haber |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-22 |title=Katledilen Yusuf Tarık Gül’ün cenazesinde yapılan ayrımcılık Meclis gündeminde |url=https://www.omerfarukgergerlioglu.com/basin/katledilen-yusuf-tarik-gulun-cenazesinde-yapilan-ayrimcilik-meclis-gundeminde/39009/ |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=Dr. Ömer Faruk Gergerlioğlu Portal |language=tr}}</ref> == Gambiilaha == Gambiilaha ayaa loo aqoonsaday inuu yahay 13 jirka lagu magacaabo '''İsa Aras Mersinli''' (dhashay 2012) oo ahaa arday deegaanka ah oo dhiganayay fasalka 8-aad ee dugsiga.<ref name="Sözcü" /><ref name="GZT">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kahramanmaraş Ayser Çalık Ortaokulu'ndaki saldırıda yeni gelişme: Katliamcı İsa Aras'ın oynadığı oyun ortaya çıktı |url=https://www.gzt.com/gundem/kahramanmaras-ayser-calik-ortaokulundaki-saldirida-yeni-gelisme-katliamci-isa-arasin-oynadigi-oyun-ortaya-cikti-kahramanmaras-haberleri-4207809 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=GZT |language=tr |trans-title=New development in the attack at Ayser Çalık Secondary School in Kahramanmaraş: The game played by the perpetrator, İsa Aras, has come to light |publisher=[[Albayrak Group]]}}</ref><ref name="Halk TV-2026">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=K.maraş saldırganı hastanede kendini jiletlemiş! Babası emniyet müdürü diye siciline işlememiş |url=https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/k-maras-saldirgani-hastanede-kendini-jiletlemis-babasi-emniyet-muduru-diye-1022698h |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Halk TV]] |language=tr |trans-title=The Kahramanmaraş attacker slashed himself with a razor blade in hospital! Because his father is a police chief, it wasn’t recorded on his criminal record}}</ref> Waxay{{refn|Mersinli wuxuu isticmaalay magacyada ujeedka u gaarka ah ee *They/she/it/he* si uu isu tixraaco. Maqaalkani wuxuu isticmaalayaa *[[Singular they|they/them]] (ayaga)* si loo ilaaliyo joogteynta.<ref name="Sözcü-20260418">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-18 |title=İhmaller zinciri: Alparslan Hoca gidince katliam geldi - Sözcü Gazetesi |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/ihmaller-zinciri-alparslan-hoca-gidince-katliam-geldi-p312231 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr}}</ref>|group=lower-alpha}} ku soo gashay dugsiga hub isaga u gaar ah aabihiis, oo ah sarkiil boolis ah oo u adeega darajada 1-aad ee Taliyaha Booliska, kaas oo ay ku dhex qariyeen boorso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four killed in Turkiye’s second school shooting in two days |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/15/four-killed-in-turkiyes-second-school-shooting-in-two-days |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Student opens fire at a school in Turkey, killing 4 people |url=https://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/world-news/student-opens-fire-at-a-school-in-turkey-killing-4-people-12144227 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Pique Newsmagazine]] |language=en }}</ref> Mersinli ujeeddadiisa weerarka baaritaan ayaa ku socda. Argagixisada ayaa markii hore laga shakiyay laakiin tan iyo markaas meesha waa laga saaray.<ref name="Reuters" /> Warbaahinta dowladda ee [[TRT]] ayaa werisay in waalidiinta weeraryahanka loo xiray su'aalo weydiin weerarka ka dib, inkastoo hooyada markii dambe la sii daayay.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Student kills 9 in Turkey's second school shooting in 2 days |url=https://apnews.com/article/turkey-school-gunfire-9ba3a4a9512bf7b4c36b19077b53f705 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş saldırganının annesi serbest bırakıldı |url=https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/son-dakika-kahramanmaras-saldirganinin-annesi-serbest-birakildi-1022541h |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Halk TV]] |language=tr |trans-title=The mother of the Kahramanmaraş attacker has been released}}</ref> Warbixinnada ayaa tilmaamay in sawirka profile-ka WhatsApp ee weeraryahanka uu ahaa dilaagii wadajirka ah ee Mareykanka [[Elliot Rodger]], taas oo keentay shaki ah in dhacdadani ay ahayd [[Incel#Mass murders and violence|weerar dhiirigelin incel leh]] iyo [[copycat crime|dambi la minguuriyay]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Kahramanmaraş'ta 1 öğretmen 8 öğrenciyi öldüren saldırganla ilgili ilginç detay - Kahramanmaraş Haberleri |url=https://www.haberturk.com/yerel-haberler/kahramanmaras-haberleri/kahramanmarasta-1-ogretmen-8-ogrenciyi-olduren-saldirganla-ilgili-ilginc-detay-117475771 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Habertürk]] |language=tr |trans-title=An interesting detail regarding the attacker who killed one teacher and eight pupils in Kahramanmaraş - Kahramanmaraş News }}</ref> Sida laga soo xigtay marag-furaalkii uu bixiyay weeraryahanka aabihiis, Uğur Mersinli, cunugiisa wuxuu la dhibtoonayay arrimo xagga dhimirka ah wuxuuna daawayn ka helayay dhakhtar dhimirka ah. Aabaha ayaa sheegay in hubka lagu hayay sanduuq qufulan uuna hubaal la'aan ka ahaa sida cunugiisa uu u helay; wuxuu intaas ku daray in laba maalmood oo kaliya ka hor toogashada, uu geeyay cunugiisa goobta toogashada booliska si uu u baro sida loo isticmaalo hubka.<ref name="Sözcü">{{Cite web |title=Babanın ifadesi ortaya çıktı! Saldırıdan iki gün önce silahla atış yapmayı öğretmiş |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/amp/babanin-ifadesi-ortaya-cikti-saldiridan-bir-gun-once-silahla-atis-yapmayi-ogretmis-p311737 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Sözcü]] |trans-title=The father's statement has come to light! He had taught him how to shoot a gun two days before the attack}}</ref> Sheegashada ah in weeraryahanka aabihiis uu hubka ku quflay {{Interlanguage link|Kahramanmaraş carved dowry chest|lt=sanduuqa Maraş|tr|Kahramanmaraş oyma çeyiz sandığı}} ayaa la sheegay in lagu beeniyay muuqaal muujinaya iyadoo lagu rarayo majalad (magazine) iyo sawirro dhowr ah oo ay ku dhex jiraan iyagoo sawir la jilaya qoriga.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-17 |title='Silahlar sandıkta kilitli' diyen polis babayı yalanlayan fotoğraflar! |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/silahlar-sandikta-kilitli-diyen-polis-babayı-yalanlayan-fotograflar-p312132 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr|trans-title=Photos that contradict the police officer who claimed, “The guns are locked in a safe!”}}</ref> Qoraal qoran oo ka soo baxay Xafiiska Xeer-ilaaliyaha Guud ee Kahramanmaraş, ayaa lagu sheegay in dhammaan macluumaadka iyo dukumentiyada ku saabsan xaaladda caafimaad ee weeraryahanka laga helay hay'adaha caafimaadka ee khuseeya. Baaritaannada ayaa muujiyay in cilmi-nafsiga laba hay'adood oo kala duwan ay muujiyeen in weeraryahanku u baahnaa taageerada dhimirka carruurta toogashada ka hor, laakiin waalidiintoodu ay ku guuldareysteen inay tixgeliyaan talooyinkaas. Weeraryahanku wuxuu isticmaalay magac-u-yeedka they/them (ayaga).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-22 |title=Okulda 9 kişiyi öldüren İsa Aras Mersinli'nin annesinin tutuklanmasında 'ihmal' vurgusu: 2 psikolog da "Tedaviye ihtiyaç var" dedi, dikkate alınmadı! |url=https://serbestiyet.com/featured/okulda-9-kisiyi-olduren-isa-aras-mersinlinin-annesinin-tutuklanmasinda-ihmal-vurgusu-2-psikolog-da-tedaviye-ihtiyac-var-dedi-dikkate-alinmadi-238281/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Serbestiyet |language=tr}}</ref> Arday ayaa sheegay in Mersinli uusan wax saaxiibo ah ku lahayn dugsiga, inta badanna uu seexan jiray casharrada dhexdiisa uuna si layaab leh ugu dhaqmi jiray fasalka; isagoo ku eedeeyay inay u sheegeen isku fasalkooda dhowr maalmood ka hor weerarka inay damacsan yihiin inay weerar hubaysan ku qaadaan dugsiga laakiin kuwa ku xeeran aysan si dhab ah u qaadan hadalladaas oo ay u tuureen sidii kaftan. Waxay sidoo kale sheegtay in Mersinli uu isku dhaawici jiray walxo af weyn ama mudayaal ah sida qalimaan, iyo in xilliyada aamusnaanta ee fasalka dhexdiisa, ay la kulmi jireen oohin degdeg ah oo aan la garanayn sababteeda taas oo inta badan u baahnayd faragelinta adeegga la-talinta dugsiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-20 |title=Kahramanmaraş'tan okula silahlı saldırı! İsa Aras Mersinli'yi sınıf arkadaşı anlattı: Kalemle elini, kolunu deşerdi |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/kahramanmarastaki-okula-silahli-saldiri-isa-aras-mersinliyi-sinif-arkadasi-anlatti-kalemle-elini-kolunu-deserdi-43154850 |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=[[Hürriyet]] |language=tr}}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, waalid dhalay arday wax ka barta isku dugsiga ayaa sheegay in weeraryahanku uu isku jaray daab mandiil ah isbitaalka umusha bil ka hor, taasna aan lagu qorin taariikhda dambiyadiisa sababtoo nooc kasta oo aabihiis uu ahaa xubin ka tirsan ciidanka booliska.<ref name="Halk TV-2026" /> Sidoo kale, Hülya Çevik, oo ah madaxa ururka waalidiinta iyo macallimiinta dugsiga, ayaa sheegtay in Mersinli uu ahaa cunug dhib badan, iyadoo sidoo kale xustay inay horay calaacashooda ugu mudeen qalin, gacantoodana ku jareen toorey, qudhoodana qoorta iska jareen, isla markaana ay inta badan muujin jireen dhaqan gardarro ah.<ref name="GZT" /> Çevik waxay sidoo kale sheegtay in ku-xigeenka maamulaha, oo hubin jiray boorsada dugsiga ee Mersinli maalin kasta isla markaana si dhow ula socon jiray xaaladdooda dhimirka, laga qaaday xilkii uu hayay bil ka hor dhacdada.<ref name="Sözcü-20260418">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-18 |title=İhmaller zinciri: Alparslan Hoca gidince katliam geldi - Sözcü Gazetesi |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/ihmaller-zinciri-alparslan-hoca-gidince-katliam-geldi-p312231 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr}}</ref> Waxaa la soo sheegay in weeraryahanku uu hubka si qarsoodi ah ku geliyay dugsiga isagoo ku dhex qariyay mashruuc farshaxan dhexdiis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-02 |title=Kahramanmaraş okul saldırısında flaş gelişme: Saldırganın silahı okula nasıl soktuğu belli oldu |url=https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/kahramanmaras-okul-saldirisinda-flas-gelisme-saldirganin-silahi-okula-nasil-1026624h |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=[[Halk TV]] |language=tr}}</ref> === Hawlaha khadka tooska ah === Waxaa la weriyay in Mersinli uu si firfircoon u isticmaali jiray [[Discord]] isagoo wata naaneysyada "[[Konata]] Herself" iyo "Konata Themself", iyo in fariintoodii ugu dambeysay ee app-ka ay ahayd sawir laga qaaday qayb ka mid ah bayaankooda dardaaranka (manifesto), kaas oo ay ku sharraxeen qorshahooda iyo ujeeddooyinkooda farriin toos ah oo Discord ah.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Saldırganın Okulu Basmadan Önceki Son Mesajları Ortaya Çıktı: 'Bugün O Gün' |url=https://www.gzt.com/gundem/saldirganin-okulu-basmadan-onceki-son-mesajlari-ortaya-cikti-bugun-o-gun-gundem-haberleri-4207730 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Albayrak Group|GZT]] |language=tr |trans-title=The attacker’s final messages before storming the school have come to light: ‘Today is the day’ }}</ref><ref name="Sözcü-20260416">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 April 2026 |title=Saldırganın okulu basmadan önceki son mesajları ortaya çıktı |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/saldirganin-okulu-basmadan-onceki-son-mesajlari-ortaya-cikti-p311780 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr |trans-title=The attacker’s final messages before storming the school have come to light }}</ref> Daacadnimada dhabta ah ee arrintan waxaa taageeray wehelka khadka tooska ah ee Mersinli iyo saaxiibadooda khadka tooska ah.<ref name="Sözcü-20260418" /> Mid ka mid ah farriimaha ay Mersinli dirtay, waxay ku sheegteen in aabahood uu isku dayay inuu u ceejiyo dhimasho.<ref name="Sözcü-20260416" /> Mersinli wehelkeeda khadka tooska ah ee u dhalatay Argentina ayaa qiratay in Mersinli uu hanjabaado isdaba joog ah u soo diray si uu toogashada ugu fuliyo sheekeysiga Discord, laakiin waxay u tuurtay sidii kaftan. Saaxiibaddooda waxay sidoo her sheegtay inay iyada iyo Mersinli ku jireen xiriir [[polyamorous|guur dhowr qof ah]] oo lala lahaa qof la yiraahdo Victor.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=İsa Aras Mersinli'nin sevgilisinden şoke eden itiraflar: Çok eşli ilişkimiz vardı |url=https://www.korkusuz.com.tr/isa-aras-mersinli-nin-sevgilisinden-soke-eden-itiraflar-cok-esli-iliskimiz-vardi-p50116 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Korkusuz |language=tr|publisher=[[Sözcü]]|trans-title=Shocking revelations from İsa Aras Mersinli's girlfriend: We were in a polyamorous relationship}}</ref> Tusaale ahaan, Mersinli wuxuu ku sheegay farriimaha tooska ah ee [[TikTok]] inay haystaan fursad ay ku helaan hub isla markaana ay ku guda jiraan tababarka badbaadada hubka, iyagoo tixraacaya awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay isticmaalaan hubka uu leeyahay xubin ka tirsan qoyska. Farriinta kuma jirin hanjabaad toos ah laakiin waxay gacan ka geysatay walaacyada ku saabsan sida bayaanada suurtagalka ah ee naxdinta leh loogu gudbin karo meelaha gaarka ah ee internetka.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=2045874391959937063 |user=Poopeateru1n |title=TikTok Mesajları, tetikçinin planlarını grup sohbetinde paylaştığını gösteriyor |author=Poopeater |date=April 19, 2026 |language=tr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260419143720/https://twitter.com/Poopeateru1n/status/2045874391959937063 |archive-date=2026-04-19 |trans-title=TikTok messages show the hitman shared his plans in a group chat.}}</ref> === Bayaanka dardaaranka=== Laga soo qaatay afar bog oo bayaanka dardaaranka Mersinli ah ayaa waxaa buraashka dadweynaha u soo dhigay wehelkooda khadka tooska ah ee X. Dukumentiga dhexdiisa, waxay ku qoreen inay ku noolaayeen nolol cidlo joogto ah iyo go'doon bulshada dhexdeeda ah. In kasta oo ay ahaayeen kuwo aad u hanti weyn oo raba inay dadka kale la xiriiraan, haddana waxay qireen inay inta badan isku arki jireen keli. Mersinli wuxuu si furan u sheegay inay lahaayeen laba saaxiib oo keliya oo markii dambe ka tagay, uuna ka niyad jabay iyaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-17 |title=Okul saldırganının günlüğüne yazdığı notlar ortaya çıktı: 'Ben üstün insanım' |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/okul-saldirganinin-gunlugune-yazdigi-notlar-ortaya-cikti-ben-ustun-insanim-p312006 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr|trans-title=Notes written by the school attacker in his diary have come to light: 'I am a superior human being'}}</ref><ref name="manifesto">{{Cite web |date=2026-04-17 |title=İsa Aras Mersinli’nin okul saldırısını planladığı 11 Nisan'daki notu ortaya çıktı! İfadeler inanılmaz |url=https://www.haberler.com/haberler/isa-aras-mersinlinin-okul-saldirisini-planladigi-19757248-haberi/ |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Haberler |language=tr|trans-title=A note dated 11 April revealing that İsa Aras Mersinli had planned the school attack has come to light! The statements are incredible}}</ref> Mersinli wuxuu meesha ka saaray go'doonka bulshada inuu yahay sababta koowaad ee ficilladooda, taada beddelkeedana wuxuu u nisbeeyay dhaqankooda heerka ay qudhoodu isugu yeereen "halyey". Waxay soo xigteen IQ la sheegay oo ah 130 sidii caddeyn u ah heerkooda garaadka. Bayaanka dardaaranku wuxuu kaloo dhexda ku qabtay naqdin xagga nidaamka waxbarashada rasmiga ah, kaas oo Mersinli uu ku adkaystay "inuusan ku habboonayn iyaga", taasoo keentay inay noqdaan [[Autodidacticism|is-barayaal]]; waxay iftiimiyeen aqoontooda ay iyagu isku bareen af Ingiriisiga sidii tusaalaha koowaad ee "halyeynimadan".<ref name="manifesto"/> === Dhimashada === Warbixinnadii ugu horreeyay waxay soo jeediyeen in Mersinli uu ku isdilay goobta. Warbixinta baaritaanka dhimashada ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay muujisay in sababta dhabta ah ee dhimashada ay ahayd dhiig-bax ka dhashay dhaawacyo toorey ah oo lugta ka soo gaaray. Tani waxay ahayd natiijada aabaha dhalay labada arday, Necmettin Bekçi, oo maqley toogashada isla markaana Mersinli ku weeraray toorey uu ka soo qaatay kantiinka dugsiga.<ref name="Milliyet-2026" /> Bekçi waxaa wareystay mas'uuliyiinta toogashada ka dib. Marag-furaalkiisa, Bekçi wuxuu ku sheegay in ficilladiisu ay ahaayeen kuwo loogu talagalay in looga hortago Mersinli inuu geysto waxyeello intaas ka badan. Wuxuu marag furay in uusan hub u soo qaadan dugsiga laakiin uu toorey ka soo qaatay kantiinka dugsiga. Bekçi waa la sii daayay marag-furaalkiisa ka dib.<ref name="Milliyet-2026" /> Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinta, dhererka Mersinli wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii 1.79 mitir miisaankooduna wuxuu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa 85 ilaa 90 kilo. Buluugnimada dhimashada (lividity) waxay ahayd mid yar xagga dhabarka iyo meelaha aan cadaadiska lahayn. Mersinli wuxuu gacmaha ku xirnaa bacaha nilonka ee badbaadada wuxuuna dhabarka ku watay afar pad oo loogu talagalay elektaroonigga (electrodes). Ma jirin wax dhaawac ah oo laga dareemi karay dhabarkooda, calaacashooda, kilkilooyinka, iyo laalaabyada maqaarka. Dhaawac go'an oo ah 2.5 sentimitir, oo ay sababtay tooreyda jikada, ayaa lagu gartay qaybta dambe ee addinka midig ee dambe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-16 |title=Here are the last words of the school attacker! He shouted like this when he saw the police. |url=https://en.haberler.com/here-are-the-last-words-of-the-school-attacker-he-19755455/?utm_source=facebook&utm_campaign=tavsiye_et |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Haberler.com |language=en }}</ref> Ka dib baaritaanka dhimashada ka dib, Mersinli waxaa lagu aasay [[Osmaniye Province|Gobolka Osmaniye]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=The Maraş attacker was quietly laid to rest. |url=https://en.haberler.com/the-maras-attacker-was-quietly-laid-to-rest-19756357/?utm_source=facebook&utm_campaign=tavsiye_et |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Haberler.com |language=en }}</ref> Adeegga aaska waxaa la kulmay tiro badan oo mudaaharaadayaal ah, taas oo keentay in loo yeero gawaarida gaashaaman ee booliska si ay u ilaaliyaan adeegga aaska.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Demir |first=Osman |date=16 April 2026 |title=İsa Aras Mersinli kimdir, kaç yaşında, kaçıncı sınıfa gidiyordu, İsa Aras Mersinli öldü mü? |trans-title=Who is İsa Aras Mersinli, how old is he, what grade was he in, is İsa Aras Mersinli dead? |url=https://www.haberler.com/haber/isa-aras-mersinli-kimdir-kac-yasinda-kacinci-19753569-haberi/ |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Haberler.com |language=tr |agency=News.com}}</ref> [[File:Fenerbahçe WV vs VakıfBank SK WV TWVL 20260416 (1).jpg|thumb|288x288px|Daqiiqad aamusnaan ah ayaa la qabtay intii lagu jiray dhacdooyinka isboortiga ee la qabtay dhammaadkii usbuuca ay toogashadu dhacday]] == Ka dib dhacdada == Garsoor dacwadeed ayaa laga furay xisaabaadka loo aqoonsaday inay ku wadaageen muuqaallo aan la faafreebin oo ku saabsan weerarka iyagoo isticmaalaya [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]]. Isla mar ahaantaana, Waaxda Kahortagga Dambiyada internetka, oo hoos tagta [[General Directorate of Security (Turkey)|Agaasinka Guud ee Ammanka]] (EGM), ayaa ku dhawaaqday dacwado ka dhanka ah 591 xisaabaadka warbaahinta bulshada iyo xiritaanka 411 shakhsiyaad ah oo lagu eedeeyay inay faafiyeen macluumaad khaldan, qalloociyeen dhacdooyinka, isla markaana soo dhejiyeen waxyaabo kicin ah.<ref name="Evrensel-2026">{{Cite news |date=16 April 2026 |title=Telegram’daki okul tehditleri panik yarattı: Bakanlık C31K Telegram kanalı için harekete geçti |trans-title=School threats on Telegram caused panic: Ministry takes action against the C31K Telegram channel |url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/5979819/telegramdaki-okul-tehditleri-panik-yaratti-bakanlik-c31k-telegram-kanali-icin-harekete-gechti |access-date=16 April 2026 |work=[[Evrensel]] |language=tr }}</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, amarro xabsi ah ayaa loo soo saaray 83 qof oo lagu helay inay ammaanayeen weeraryahanka; helitaanka 940 xisaabaadka warbaahinta bulshada iyo 1,866 [[URL]]yo ayaa la xannibay, waxaana la xiray 111 kooxood oo Telegram ah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Okul saldırılarına ilişkin paylaşımlarla ilgili 83 kişi gözaltına alındı |url=https://t24.com.tr/gundem/okul-saldirilarina-iliskin-paylasimlarla-ilgili-83-kisi-gozaltina-alindi,1314717 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]] |language=Turkish |trans-title=83 people have been detained in connection with posts relating to school attacks}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-17 |title=Emniyet açıkladı... C31K temizliği: 411 gözaltı |url=https://www.odatv.com/guncel/emniyet-acikladi-c31k-temizligi-411-gozalti-120143702 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[OdaTV]] |language=tr|trans-title=The police have announced... C31K crackdown: 411 arrests}}</ref> Wadar ahaan 174 qof oo soo dhejiyay waxyaabo marin habaabin ah isla markaana sameeyay hanjabaado ama baaqyo waxqabad ayaa la aqoonsaday; 127 ka mid ah ayaa la soo qabtay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emniyet'ten okul saldırıları hakkında açıklama: 127 kişi gözaltına alındı |url=https://www.birgun.net/haber/emniyet-ten-okul-saldirilari-hakkinda-aciklama-127-kisi-gozaltina-alindi-706271 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[BirGün]] |language=Turkish|trans-title=Statement from the Police on school attacks: 127 people have been arrested}}</ref> Koox Telegram ah oo leh qiyaastii 100,000 oo xubnood oo loogu magac daray "C31K", oo markii hore laamaha ammaanka u garanayeen [[murders of Ayşenur Halil and İkbal Uzuner|dilalkii Ayşenur Halil iyo İkbal Uzuner]], ayaa amaanay weeraryahannada waxayna faafiyeen taariiko iyo goobo khayaali ah oo loogu talagalay weeraro cusub oo loogu talagalay in lagu kiciyo argagax baahsan oo dadweyne.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 April 2026 |title=After the attack in Kahramanmaras, terrifying posts from provocateurs! Investigation into 591 accounts. |url=https://en.haberler.com/after-the-attack-in-kahramanmaras-terrifying-posts-19753308/ |access-date=15 April 2026 |work=Haberler}}</ref> Kooxda Telegram-ka waxaa la xiray April 16, 2026, mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasheeda ayaa la xiray maalintii ku xigtay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Telegram’daki “C31K” grubu kapatıldı, soruşturma başlatıldı |url=https://bianet.org/haber/telegramdaki-c31k-grubu-kapatildi-sorusturma-baslatildi-318756 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[Bianet]] |language=tr|trans-title=The “C31K” group on Telegram has been shut down, and an investigation has been launched}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Okul saldırıları sonrası gündem olan Telegram’daki C31K grubuna operasyon: Yönetici gözaltında |url=https://www.gzt.com/gundem/c31k-telegram-grubu-operasyonu-kahramanmaras-saldirisi-sonrasi-16-yasindaki-yonetici-yakalandi-gundem-haberleri-4208083 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=GZT |language=tr|publisher=[[Albayrak Group]]|trans-title=Raid on the C31K group on Telegram, which came to the fore following the school attacks: Administrator in custody}}</ref> Ka dib dhacdooyinkan, Telegram waxaa loogu yeeray inuu bixiyo bayaan hor yaala [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Golaha Shacabka Weyn ee Turkiga]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evcil |first=Zehra |date=16 April 2026 |title=Korkunç mesajların hesabı sorulacak! Okul saldırılarından sonra TBMM'den Telegram hamlesi: İzahat verecek! |url=https://www.trhaber.com/gundem/korkunc-mesajlarin-hesabi-sorulacak-okul-saldirilarindan-sonra-tbmm-den-telegram-hamlesi-izahat-verecek-h965977.html |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=TR Haber |language=tr |trans-title=Those responsible for the horrific messages will be held to account! Following the school attacks, the Turkish Grand National Assembly takes action against Telegram: he will be called to account! }}</ref> Dhanka kale, laamaha ammaanka ayaa xiray shakhsiyaad badan oo isticmaalay qoraallo marin habaabin ah si ay u abuuraan argagax baahsan oo dadweyne. Tan ugu caansan, Xafiiska Guddoomiyaha Sivas ayaa sheegay in E.A., oo ah arday dhiganayay fasalka 10-aad oo dhashay 2009, lagu xiray gurigiisa ka dib markii loo aqoonsaday inuu soo dhejiyeen sheegashooyin ah in dugsiyada deegaanka ay ku jiraan khatar weerar.<ref name="Evrensel-2026" /> April 16, 2026 saacadu markay ahayd 3:30{{nbsp}}p.m, EGM waxay ku dhawaaqday in weeraryahanka aabihiis, Uğur Mersinli, xabsiga loo taxaabay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=16.04.2026 Tarihli Basın Açıklaması |url=https://www.egm.gov.tr/16042026-tarihli-basin-aciklamasi-2 |access-date=16 April 2026 |trans-title=Press Release dated 16 April 2026 |publisher=[[General Directorate of Security (Turkey)|General Directorate of Security]]}}</ref> Sidaas darteed waa la xiray waxaana loo wareejiyay Xabsiga Elazığ. Aabaha ayaa wajahaya eedaymo suurtagal ah oo ah [[gross negligence|dayacaad weyn]] iyo ku guuldareysiga sugidda hubka. Amar xabsi ah ayaa loo soo saaray Salih Gergerlioğlu, oo ah wiilka uu dhalay xildhibaan Ömer Faruk Gergerlioğlu oo ka tirsan [[Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party|Xisbiga DEM]], kaas oo lagu eedeeyay inuu barta warbaahinta bulshada soo dhigey qoraallo loogu talagalay inay faafiyaan cabsi iyo argagax toogashada ka dib isla markaana si furan u faafiyey macluumaad marin habaabin ah oo ku saabsan dadweynaha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Merkezi |first=Haber |date=2026-04-16 |title=Salih Gergerlioğlu hakkında gözaltı kararı |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/omer-faruk-gergerlioglu-nun-oglu-salih-gergerlioglu-hakkinda-gozalti-karari-iddiasi-p311883 |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr|trans-title=Arrest warrant issued for Salih Gergerlioğlu}}</ref> Dugsiga Sare ee Ayser Çalık, oo ah goobtii ay toogashadu ka dhacday, ayaa si kumeelgaar ah loo xiray April 17, 2026. Waxaa lagu dhawaaqay in ardaydu ay waxbarashadooda ka sii fariisan doonaan dugsi kale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maraş'ta saldırının gerçekleştiği okul geçici olarak kapatıldı |url=https://www.birgun.net/haber/maras-ta-saldirinin-gerceklestigi-okul-gecici-olarak-kapatildi-706482 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[BirGün]] |language=tr|trans-title=The school where the attack took place in Maraş has been temporarily closed}}</ref> Isla maalintaas, arday dugsi sare ah oo la wadaagay sawirka bam iyo farriimo ay ku jiraan hanjabaado lagu fulinayo qarax gudaha [[Istanbul]] ayaa la xiray. Jaakada aan xabbada karin, qalabka is-qariya (camouflage), koofiyad, toorey, iyo basbaaska lagu buufiyo (pepper spray) ayaa laga soo qabtay guriga shaqsigaas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=İstanbul'da bombalama yapacağını söyleyen liseli tutuklandı |url=https://www.birgun.net/haber/istanbul-da-bombalama-yapacagini-soyleyen-liseli-tutuklandı-706494 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[BirGün]] |language=tr|trans-title=A high school student who claimed he would carry out a bombing in Istanbul has been arrested}}</ref> Baaritaan ayaa laga furay kanaalka YouTube ee "Minecraft Parodileri", oo leh in ka badan 7.5 milyan oo macaamiil ah, iyadoo lagu eedaynayo inuu ahaa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku dhiirigeliyay Mersinli inuu fuliyo toogashada. Intaa waxaa dheer, helitaanka kanaalka ayaa laga xannibay gudaha Turkiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-17 |title=Başsavcılıktan "Minecraft Parodileri" hesabına "okul saldırısı" soruşturması: Hesaba erişim engeli getirildi |url=https://t24.com.tr/gundem/bassavciliktan-minecraft-parodileri-hesabina-okul-saldirisi-sorusturmasi-hesaba-erisim-engeli-getirildi,1315046 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]] |language=tr|trans-title=Prosecutor’s Office launches ‘school attack’ investigation into ‘Minecraft Parodies’ account: Account access blocked}}</ref> Arday dhiganayay fasalka siddeedaad ee [[Bolu Province|Gobolka Bolu]], oo loo aqoonsaday A.A., ayaa waxaa xiray [[Gendarmerie General Command|Taliska Guud ee Jandarmada]] ka dib eedaymo sheegaya inuu ku hanjabay weerar dugsigiisa ah. Intii lagu guda jiray su'aalo weydiinta, ardayga ayaa la sheegay inuu sheegay in hanjabaadaha loo sameeyay sidii kaftan.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-17 |title=Bolu’da "Okula saldırı yapacağım" diyen öğrenci gözaltına alındı |url=https://t24.com.tr/gundem/boluda-okula-saldiri-yapacagim-diyen-ogrenci-gozaltina-alindi,1315056 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]] |language=tr|trans-title=A student who said, ‘I’m going to attack the school’ has been taken into custody in Bolu}}</ref> Talooyin siddeed arday ah oo looga shakisan yahay inay qorsheynayeen weerar dugsi ku yaal [[Torbalı]], [[İzmir Province|Gobolka İzmir]], ayaa xabsiga loo taxaabay. Waxaa la ogaaday inay shakhsiyaadku qorsheeyeen weerarka koox WhatsApp ah oo uu isaga ku dhex abuuray dhexdiisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-17 |title=İzmir’de okul saldırısı hazırlığı iddiası: 8 öğrenci gözaltına alındı |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/izmir-de-okul-saldirisi-hazirligi-iddiasi-8-ogrenci-gozaltina-alindi-2496088 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[Cumhuriyet]] |language=tr|trans-title=Alleged plot to attack a school in Izmir: Two of the eight high school students taken into custody have been placed under house arrest, whilst two others have been placed under judicial supervision}}</ref> Wasiirka Caddaaladda [[Akın Gürlek]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay in xeerar cusub lagu soo kordhin doono Sharciga Lambarkiisu yahay 6136 ee ku saabsan kaydinta hubka, oo ay ku jiraan qorshayaal lagu ballaarinayo mas'uuliyadda waalidiinta laguna kordhinayo ganaaxyada dambiyada dhiigga ee halista ah ee khuseeya carruurta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-17 |title=Bakan Gürlek: Aileleri bakım yükümlülüğünü ihmal ettikleri gerekçesiyle çocukların işlediği bazı suçlardan sorumlu tutmayı gündeme getireceğiz |url=https://www.indyturk.com/node/775834/haber/bakan-g%C3%BCrlek-aileleri-bak%C4%B1m-y%C3%BCk%C3%BCml%C3%BCl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BCn%C3%BC-ihmal-ettikleri-gerek%C3%A7esiyle-%C3%A7ocuklar%C4%B1n |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Independent Türkçe |language=tr|publisher=[[The Independent]]|trans-title=Minister Gürlek: We will be proposing that parents be held responsible for certain crimes committed by his children on the grounds that he have neglected his duty of care}}</ref> Tallaabooyinka amniga ee dugsiyada dalka oo dhan ayaa la xoojiyay. Sida qayb ka mid ah borotokoollada cusub, booliska ayaa la dhigay bannaanka dugsiyada, iyadoo kooxo dheeraad ah ay heegan ku jireen inta lagu jiro saacadaha dugsiga iyadoo ugu yaraan laba sarkaal loo xilsaaray dugsi kasta. Intaa waxaa dheer, dugsiyada qaarkood waxay mamnuuceen taleefannada gacanta, saacadaha casriga ah, iyo tablet-yada, waxaana la hirgeliyay xakameyn adag oo xagga gelitaanka ah, oo ay ku jiraan hubinta aqoonsiga iyo shuruudaha ballanta waalidiinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Turkish school security measures reshape daily routines for families |url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/lifestyle/new-turkish-school-security-measures-reshape-daily-routines-for-families-3218440 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=[[Türkiye Today]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Mahinur Özdemir Göktaş]], [[Ministry of Family and Social Services|Wasiirka Qoyska iyo Adeegyada Bulshada]], ayaa sheegtay in qorshe hawleed lix bilood ah loo dejiyay dugsiyada toogashada ka dib. Göktaş waxay sidoo her ku dhawaaqday in koox u gaar ah loo dhisay dugsi kasta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-21 |title=Bakan Göktaş: Kahramanmaraş saldırısı sonrası okullarla ilgili 6 aylık eylem planı oluşturduk |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/bakan-goktas-kahramanmaras-saldirisi-sonrasi-okullarla-ilgili-6-aylik-eylem-plani-olusturduk-43155746 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=[[Hürriyet]] |language=tr|trans-title=Minister Göktaş: We have drawn up a six-month action plan for schools following the Kahramanmaraş attack}}</ref> April 19, 2026, Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Qaranka (MEB) waxay ku dhawaaqday in Erhan Baydur, oo u adeegeysay sidii Agaasimaha Waxbarashada Qaranka ee Gobolka Kahramanmaraş, laga qaaday xilkii uu hayay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Merkezi |first=Haber |date=2026-04-20 |title=Erhan Baydur kimdir? Kahramanmaraş İl Milli Eğitim Müdürü Erhan Baydur neden görevden alındı? |url=https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/erhan-baydur-kimdir-kahramanmaras-il-milli-egitim-muduru-erhan-baydur-neden-gorevden-alindi-2496646 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=[[Cumhuriyet]] |language=tr|trans-title=Who is Erhan Baydur? Why was Erhan Baydur, the Director of National Education for Kahramanmaraş Province, removed from his post?}}</ref> April 21, 2026, mooshin loogu talagalay guddiga baarlamaanka si ay u baaraan, toogashooyinka ka dhacay Şanlıurfa iyo Kahramanmaraş, iyo sidoo her khataraha iyo saameynta xun ee carruurtu wajahayaan deegaannada dhijitaalka ah, ayaa waxaa ansixiyay TBMM.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gök |first=Fazlı |date=2026-04-21 |title=Meclis'te okul saldırıları için komisyon kuruldu |url=https://www.diken.com.tr/mecliste-okul-saldirilari-icin-komisyon-kuruldu/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=[[Diken (newspaper)|Diken]] |language=tr|trans-title=A parliamentary committee has been set up to investigate school attacks}}</ref> Isla maalintaas, Wasiirka Caddaaladda Gürlek ayaa ku dhawaaqay in weeraryahanka hooyadiis, Pınar Peyman Mersinli la xiray.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-21 |title=Okul saldırısıyla ilgili yeni gelişme: İsa Aras Mersinli'nin annesi tutuklandı |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/pinar-peyman-mersinli-tutuklandi-mi-p313240 |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr|trans-title=Latest development in the school attack: İsa Aras Mersinli’s mother has been arrested}}</ref> April 23, 2026, hindise sharciyeed wax ka beddelaya Sharciga Adeegyada Bulshada iyo xeerar kale oo dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan qodobbada la xiriira warbaahinta bulshada iyo fasaxa umusha, ayaa waxaa meel mariyay TBMM wuxuuna noqday sharci. Sida uu sharcigu dhigayo, bixiyayaasha warbaahinta bulshada waxaa laga mamnuuci doonaa inay adeegyo siiyaan carruurta ka yar 15 sano waxaana looga baahan doonaa inay qaadaan tillaabooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah, oo ay ku jirto hubinta da'da, si loo hubiyo in adeegyadaas aan la bixin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-22 |title=Doğum izni süreleri ve sosyal medya düzenlemelerini kapsayan kanun teklifi yasalaştı |url=https://www.indyturk.com/node/776083/haber/do%C4%9Fum-izni-s%C3%BCreleri-ve-sosyal-medya-d%C3%BCzenlemelerini-kapsayan-kanun-teklifi |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Independent Türkçe |language=tr|trans-title=A bill covering maternity leave periods and social media regulations has become law|publisher=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-23 |title=Sosyal medyaya yaş sınırı geldi mi? 15 yaş altı sosyal medya yasağı neleri kapsıyor? Doğum izni uzatıldı mı? TBMM'de kabul edildi! |url=https://www.cnbce.com/haberler/sosyal-medyaya-yas-siniri-geldi-mi-15-yas-alti-sosyal-medya-yasagi-neleri-kapsiyor-dogum-izni-uzatildi-mi-tbmmde-kabul-edildi-h28859 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=[[CNBC-e]] |language=tr|trans-title=Has an age limit been introduced for social media? What does the social media ban for under-15s cover? Has maternity leave been extended? It has been approved by the Turkish Grand National Assembly!}}</ref> === Falcelinta === Uruurada macallimiinta ee Eğitim-İş iyo [[Eğitim-Sen]] ayaa ku dhawaaqay shaqo-joojin saddex maalmood ah oo dalka oo dhan ah April 15–17 si ay dareenka u soo jiidamaan heerka sii kordhaya ee rabshadaha ka jira dugsiyada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Öğretmenlerden 3 günlük 'iş bırakma' kararı! |url=https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/ogretmenlerden-3-gunluk-is-birakma-karari-1022396h |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Halk TV]] |language=tr |trans-title=Teachers have decided on a 3-day “work stoppage”! }}</ref> Muuqaal muujinaya isku day lagu aamusiiyay aabbe wiilkiisa lagu dilay toogashada iyadoo afka laga daboolay ka dib markii uu ka mudaaharaaday gudoomiyaha ayaa dhaliyay carro weyn barta warbaahinta bulshada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deniz |first=Ece |date=2026-04-16 |title=Kahramanmaraş valisine 'Oğlum öldürüldü' diye bağıran kişi susturuldu |url=https://www.diken.com.tr/kahramanmaras-valisine-oglum-olduruldu-diye-bagiran-kisi-susturuldu/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |language=tr|website=[[Diken (newspaper)|Diken]]|trans-title=A man who shouted 'My son has been killed' at the governor of Kahramanmaraş was silenced}}</ref> Madaxweynaha Turkiga [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] ayaa soo saaray bayaan tacsi ah isagoo isticmaalaya xisaabaadka rasmiga ah ee warbaahinta bulshada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erdoğan mourns school shooting victims in Kahramanmaraş |url=https://en.yenisafak.com/turkiye/erdogan-mourns-school-shooting-victims-in-kahramanmaras-3717115 |date=15 April 2026 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[Yeni Şafak]] |language=en }}</ref> Hogaamiyaha [[Republican People's Party|Xisbiga Shacabka ee Jamhuuriga]] (CHP) [[Ozgür Özel]] ayaa muujiyay tiiraanyo hufan oo ku saabsan toogashada, halka afhayeenka xisbiga Zeynel Emre uu soo jeediyay in la geeyo 65,000 oo ah jeneraalo ranti ah (sergeant majors) si ay ugu adeegaan sidii shaqaale amni gudaha dugsiyada dalka oo dhan ee Turkiga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHP'den okul saldırıları sonrası açıklama: '65 bin uzman çavuş derhal görevlendirilmelidir' |url=https://www.birgun.net/haber/chp-den-okul-saldirilari-sonrasi-aciklama-65-bin-uzman-cavus-derhal-gorevlendirilmelidir-706034 |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=[[BirGün]] |language=tr |trans-title=Statement from the CHP following the school attacks: '65,000 specialist sergeants must be deployed immediately' }}</ref> [[Ahmet Davutoğlu]], hogaamiyaha [[Future Party (Turkey)|Xisbiga Mustaqbalka]], ayaa soo jeediyay in April 23, oo ah [[National Sovereignty and Children's Day|Maalinta Madax-bannaanida Qaranka iyo Carruurta]] aan loo dabbaaldegir weerarka dartiis. Davutoğlu wuxuu sheegay, "Ma aysan ku dhawaaqin maalin baroor-diiq qaran ah, laakiin anigu mid ayaan ku dhawaaqayaa. Kama qaybgeli doono wax soo dhaweyn ah oo ku saabsan dabbaaldeg, qosol ama rayrayn."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-22 |title=Davutoğlu’nun hedefinde 23 Nisan var |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/davutoglu-nun-hedefinde-23-nisan-var-p313543 |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr|trans-title=Davutoğlu has 23 April in his sights}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah xarumaha wararka ee Turkiga, gaar ahaan weriye [[Ahmet Hakan]] iyo borofisar Ali Murat Kırık, ayaa ku xiray weerarka — iyo weerarada la midka ah ee adduunka oo dhan — baahsanaanta [[Violence and video games|ciyaaraha muuqaalka ee rabshadaha leh]] iyo ammaanidda rabshadaha iyo dhaqanka bulshada ka dhanka ah ee baraha bulshada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-16 |title=Uzmanlar, dijital platformların şiddeti normalleştirme riski taşıdığını belirtiyor |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/uzmanlar-dijital-platformlarin-siddeti-normallestirme-riski-tasidigini-belirtiyor/3907969 |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]] |language=tr|trans-title=Experts point out that digital platforms carry the risk of normalising violence}}</ref> Wadahadal ballaran oo dhacay toogashada ka dib ayaa dhexda ku qabtay eedaymo ku saabsan [[Turkish media|warbaahinta Turkiga]] iyo gaddoonka ay ka geysatay abuurista dhaqanka rabshadaha. Mas'uuliyiinta dowladda iyo naqdiyayaasha ayaa inta badan u nisbeeyay dareen-la'aanta dhimirka ee dhalinyarada iyo jacaylka isticmaalka hubka caannimada [[Television in Turkey|barnaamijyada telefishanka]] ee xambaarsan mawduucyada [[Turkish mafia|mafiyada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yücel |first=Senem Görür |date=16 April 2026 |title=Şiddetin kaynağı video oyunlar ve mafya temalı diziler mi? |url=https://medyascope.tv/2026/04/16/siddetin-kaynagi-video-oyunlar-ve-mafya-temali-diziler-mi/ |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Medyascope |language=tr }}</ref> Xubinta [[Radio and Television Supreme Council|Golaha Sare ee Raadiyaha iyo Telefishanka]] (RTÜK) İlhan Taşcı, ayaa sheegay in "inkastoo dhacdooyinka noocaas ahi ay yihiin kuwo dhinacyo badan leh oo aan lagu soo koobi karin hal sabab oo keliya, saameynta waxyaabaha ku jira telefishanka iyo deegaannada dhijitaalka ah waa inaan la iska indhatirin."<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=16 April 2026 |title=RTÜK üyesi İlhan Taşçı'dan okul saldırılarına ilişkin açıklama: Haftanın 7 günü televizyonlarda mafya temalı diziler ekrana geliyor |url=https://t24.com.tr/gundem/rtuk-uyesi-ilhan-tascidan-okul-saldirilarina-iliskin-aciklama-haftanin-7-gunu-televizyonlarda-mafya-temali-diziler-ekrana-geliyor,1314755 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]] |language=Turkish |trans-title=Statement from RTÜK member İlhan Taşçı regarding school attacks: Mafia-themed series are broadcast on television seven days a week. Experts point out that digital platforms carry the risk of normalising violence}}</ref> Si la mid ah, hogaamiyaha [[Nationalist Movement Party|Xisbiga Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga]] (MHP) [[Devlet Bahçeli]] ayaa sheegay in dhijitaalaynta aan la xakameyn ay meesha ka saarayso qiyamka qaranka iyo dhaqanka isla markaana ay kordhineyso khatarta dhacdooyinka noocaas ah inay dhacaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahçeli'den okul saldırısı açıklaması. "Kontrolsüz dijitalleşme gençlerde tahribat yaratıyor" |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/gundem/bahceliden-okul-saldirisi-aciklamasi-kontrolsuz-dijitallesme-genclerde-tahribat-yaratiyor-1720255 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[NTV (Turkey)|NTV]] |language=tr |trans-title=Bahçeli comments on the school attack. ‘Uncontrolled digitalisation is causing damage among young people’}}</ref> Natiijadii dib-u-dhaca, taxanaha Eşref Rüya iyo Yeraltı ayaa laga saaray jadwalkooda usbuuclaha ah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Eşref Rüya dizisi yayın akışından çıkarıldı |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/esref-ruya-dizisi-yayin-akisindan-cikarildi-p311653 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr |trans-title=The Eşref Rüya series has been taken off the schedule }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2026 |title=Yeraltı dizisi yayın akışından çıkarıldı |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/yeralti-dizisi-yayin-akisindan-cikarildi-p311636 |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=[[Sözcü]] |language=tr |trans-title=The Yeraltı series has been taken off the schedule }}</ref> Soo saarayaasha barnaamijyadan iyo kuwa la midka ah waxaa lagu amray inay dib u eegaan qoraalladooda (scripts) si dhab ah.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-17 |title=Eşref Rüya ve Yeraltı yayın akışından çıkarılmıştı: 'Şiddet içeren' dizilerin akıbeti belli oldu! |url=https://t24.com.tr/magazin/esref-ruya-ve-yeralti-yayin-akisindan-cikarilmisti-siddet-iceren-dizilerin-akibeti-belli-oldu,1314958 |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=[[T24 (newspaper)|T24]] |language=Turkish}}</ref> Xubnaha Eğitim-İş iyo Eğitim-Sen ayaa ka mudaaharaaday ammaan-darrada ka jirta dugsiyada waxayna dalbadeen iscasilaadda Yusuf Tekin bannaanka dhismaha [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Wasaaradda Waxbarashada Qaranka]] (MEB) ee [[Ankara Province|Gobolka Ankara]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-16 |title=Ankara'da öğretmenlere yine polis barikatı: Can güvenliğimiz yok! |url=https://www.gazetepencere.com/gundem/ankarada-ogretmenlere-yine-polis-barikati-can-guvenligimiz-yok-697191h |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Gazete Pencere |language=tr |trans-title=Another police cordon for teachers in Ankara: Our safety is at risk! }}</ref> == Xusuusin == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} gu3w0rfjrnw0kfkvutt9tvf49f47lkr 0 47574 298825 298304 2026-06-19T05:29:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isbahaysiga Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed''' (SYC) waa urur gaarsiiya bulshada oo xaruntiisu tahay [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]], [[Kanada|Canada]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2001-dii markii wakiillo ka socda dhowr urur oo adeegga carruurta iyo dhallinyarada ah ay midoobeen si ay u aqoonsadaan una xalliyaan baahiyaha iyo caqabadaha haysta dhallinyarada [[Soomaalida|Soomaaliyeed]] ee magaalada. == Mashruucyo == Sannadkii 2003, Hay'adda Trillium Foundation ee Ontario waxay ansixisay [[Grant (money)|deeq lacageed]] oo SYC ah si loo dhiso Mashruuca Taageerada Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed. Hadafyada mashruucu waxaa ka mid ah in dhallinyarada lagu hayo iskuulka, lagu daro hawlaha bulshada, bulshada, madadaalada, isboortiga iyo waxbarashada, dhiirigelinta iskaa wax u qabso, iyo kor u qaadida hoggaanka dhalinyarada ee bulshada Soomaaliyeed. Isla sannadkaas, SYC waxay bilowday laba barnaamij oo taageero dhalinyaro ah: barnaamijka Ka Hortagga Kooxaha Burcadka iyo mashruuca Adeegyada Taageerada Dhalinyarada. Mashruuca Ka Hortagga Kooxaha Burcadka waxaa loogu talagalay dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee ku nool aagga [[Rexdale]] ee Toronto iyadoo ujeedadu tahay in lala shaqeeyo bulshada Soomaaliyeed, waalidiinta Soomaaliyeed, iyo nidaamyada dadweynaha Kanada sida Waxbarashada, Beeraha & Madadaalada, Daryeelka Carruurta, iyo Caddaaladda Dembiyada si loo siiyo adeegyo waxbarasho iyo ka hortag ah dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee deegaanka iyo waalidiintooda. Barnaamijka Taageerada Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed, dhankiisa, wuxuu la shaqeeyaa bulshada Soomaaliyeed iyo sidoo kale hay'adaha waaweyn si loo yareeyo arrimaha khatarta ah ee sababi kara in dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed ay ka baxaan dugsiga, ku biiraan kooxaha burcadda ah oo ay la kulmaan dhibaato sharciga ah. Istaraatiijiyadda Mashruucu waa in la qaato hab ka hortag hore iyadoo la dhiirrigelinayo joogitaanka dugsiga, ka qaybgalka madadaalada bulshada iyo dhacdooyinka isboortiga, iyo horumarinta hoggaamiyeyaasha dhallinyarada ah ee u adeegi kara tusaaleyaal dhalinyarada kale ee Soomaaliyeed. == Abaalmarinada Aqoonsiga Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed == Iyada oo hoos timaada dalladda Isbahaysiga Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed, Ururka Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee Toronto (SOYAT), Midaynta (urur adeegyada dejinta iyo qoyska) iyo Ururka Gargaarka Carruurta ee Toronto ayaa aasaasay 2004 Abaalmarinta Aqoonsiga Dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed (SYRA), xaflad lagu aqoonsanayo guulaha muhiimka ah iyo wax ku biirinta bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee ay sameeyeen dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee shaqsiga ah. SYRA waxay sidoo kale siisaa bulshada Soomaaliyeed fursad ay ku muujiyaan lahaanshaha iyo ku faanidda dhallinyaradeeda. Si loogu guuleysto abaalmarinta, musharixiintu waa inay buuxiyaan shuruudo guud iyo kuwo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay abaalmarinta sida ilaalinta [[Grade point average|celceliska dhibcaha]] ugu yar, maaraynta ama lahaanshaha ganacsi, dejinta tusaale wanaagsan dhalinyarada kale ee Soomaaliyeed, ku lug lahaanshaha bulshada iyo iskaa wax u qabso joogto ah, iyo waxyaabo kale. Sagaal wiil oo dhalinyaro ah iyo sagaal gabdhood oo dhalinyaro ah ayaa markaa la doortaa si loogu aqoonsado guulo heer sare ah oo ay ka gaareen qayb gaar ah. === Shuruudaha u-qalmitaanka aasaasiga ah === Musharax: * waa inay asal ahaan ka soo jeedaan Soomaaliya * waa inuu degan yahay [[Greater Toronto Area|Aagga Weyn ee Toronto]] (GTA) * waa inay u dhaxaysaa da'da 14 iyo 29 * Guulaystayaal hore kuma guuleysan karaan isla qaybtaas == Qaybaha abaalmarinta == * Abaalmarinta Guusha Waxbarasho * Abaalmarinta Guulaha Ganacsiga * Abaalmarinta Guusha Shaqada ee Guuleysata * Abaalmarinta Guusha Ciyaaraha/Ciyaaraha * Abaalmarinta Guusha Shaqada Bulshada * Abaalmarinta Guusha Muusikada / Farshaxanka * Abaalmarinta Guusha Ruuxiga ah * Abaalmarinta Hoggaanka == Tixraacyada == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060923082144/http://www.soyat.org/Criteria_FORM.doc Abaalmarinada Aqoonsiga Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed] * [http://www.insidetoronto.com/PrintArticle/9191 Dhallinyaro Soomaaliyeed oo lagu abaalmariyay xaflad abaalmarinno gaar ah] {{Wayback|url=http://www.insidetoronto.com/PrintArticle/9191 |date=20110719115207 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070620041100/http://www.midaynta.com/documents/2003%20Annual%20Report1.pdf Ururka Hay'adaha Adeegga Soomaalida - Warbixinta Sannadlaha ah ee 2003: Dhisidda Bulsho Wanaagsan oo Barwaaqo leh] 35b9vuxx61sprofw0ta9s9q8l12e9sa 0 47575 298784 298494 2026-06-18T13:42:56Z Robertjamal12 45175 298784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hay'adda Isgaarsiinta Qaranka ee Soomaaliya''' (NCA) waa hay'adda sharciyeynta waaxda isgaarsiinta ee [[Soomaaliya]] . NCA waxaa lagu aasaasay Xeerka Isgaarsiinta ee 2017, waajibkeeduna waa inuu nidaamiyo waaxda [[Isgaadhsiinta Soomaaliya|isgaarsiinta]] oo ay ku jiraan [[isgaarsiinta]], [[Xuubcaarada caalamiga (Internet)|internetka]], [[Broadcasting|baahinta]], [[Information and communications technology|macluumaadka iyo tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta]] (ICT) iyo [[E-commerce|ganacsiga elektaroonigga ah]] . <ref name="ncaabout">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://nca.gov.so/background-2/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603020621/https://nca.gov.so/background-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hay'adda Qaranka ee Horumarinta Isgaarsiinta iyo Teknolojiyadda (NCA) waxay mas'uul ka tahay fududeynta horumarinta qaybta ICT-ga, awoodsiinta iyo hubinta tartan cadaalad ah oo waara, isku xirka shirkadaha isgaarsiinta, hufnaanta hirgelinta Sharciga Isgaarsiinta, [[Consumer protection|ilaalinta danaha iyo xuquuqda macaamiisha]], iyo ilaalinta doorkeeda hay'ad madax-bannaan. 19kii Nofeembar 2022, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya [[Xamse cabdi barre|Hamza Abdi Barre]] wuxuu [[Mustafa Y. Sheik|Mustafa Y. Sheikh]] u magacaabay [[General manager|Maareeyaha Guud]] ee Hay'adda Qaranka ee Laanqayrta Cas <ref name="ncagmappointed">https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalia-pm-appoints-mustafa-yasin-sheikh-as-the-general-manager-of-the-national-telecommunications-agency/</ref> == Heshiiska isku xirka == 5tii Diseembar 2022, Maareeyaha Guud ee NCA Mustafa Y. Sheik iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya waxay saxiixeen heshiis isku xir, kaasoo u oggolaanaya macaamiisha shirkadaha isgaarsiinta kala duwan ee dalka inay isku wacaan shabakado kala duwan. <ref name="ncainterconnection1">https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/12/08/nca-operators-sign-landmark-interconnection-agreement/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection2">https://www.telecomreviewafrica.com/en/articles/telecom-operators/3130-nca-and-somali-mobile-operators-sign-an-interconnection-agreement/</ref> Hay'adda Isgaarsiinta Qaranka ee Soomaaliya (NCA) waxay xaqiijisay in shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ay hirgeliyeen heshiis isku xir ah oo la saxiixay Diseembar 2022, kaasoo u oggolaanaya meelaynta wicitaannada oo aan kala go 'lahayn shabakadaha kala duwan ee moobaylka. Heshiiska, oo qayb ahaan ay hirgeliyeen [[Shirkada Isgaariinta Hormuud|Hormuud Telecom]], [[Somtel]], Amtel, SomLink, Golis Telecommunications, iyo [[Telesom]], ayaa dhaqan galay 10kii Janaayo. <ref name="ncainterconnection3">https://www.connectingafrica.com/author.asp?section_id=761&doc_id=784084/</ref> "Isku xirka guusha leh ee lixda shirkadood waa guul muhiim ah oo loo soo hooyay warshadaha isgaarsiinta ee Soomaaliya. Sidaa darteed, tani waxay kor u qaadi doontaa tartanka, yareyn doontaa qiimaha, waxayna siin doontaa fursado badan macaamiisha," ayuu yiri Mustafa Y. Sheik, maamulaha guud ee NCA. "Waxaan bogaadinaynaa dadaallada shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ee dhammaystirka tallaabadan muhiimka ah waxaanan ku dhiirigelinaynaa inay sii wadaan iskaashiga si ay uga faa'iidaystaan warshadaha iyo macaamiisha." <ref name="ncainterconnection4">https://www.mobileworldlive.com/top-three/somalia-operators-activate-interconnections/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection5">https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/telecom-regulation/14541-network-interconnection-now-active-in-somalia.html/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection6">https://sonna.so/en/somalia-launches-interconnection-service/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection7">https://english.news.cn/africa/20230327/e9353f6a44b6477daef46e33a5e54ab4/c.html#:~:text=MOGADISHU%2C%20March%2027%20(Xinhua),milestone%20for%20the%20telecom%20industry./</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection8">https://www.telecompaper.com/news/somali-telecom-firms-complete-interconnectivity--1457943/</ref> == Tixraacyada == 6chuqi5c7g7pl3dsfh7b0q7mt260u4l 298822 298784 2026-06-19T04:52:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hay'adda Isgaarsiinta Qaranka ee Soomaaliya''' (NCA) waa hay'adda sharciyeynta waaxda isgaarsiinta ee [[Soomaaliya]] . NCA waxaa lagu aasaasay Xeerka Isgaarsiinta ee 2017, waajibkeeduna waa inuu nidaamiyo waaxda [[Isgaadhsiinta Soomaaliya|isgaarsiinta]] oo ay ku jiraan [[isgaarsiinta]], [[Xuubcaarada caalamiga (Internet)|internetka]], [[Broadcasting|baahinta]], [[Information and communications technology|macluumaadka iyo tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta]] (ICT) iyo [[E-commerce|ganacsiga elektaroonigga ah]] . <ref name="ncaabout">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://nca.gov.so/background-2/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603020621/https://nca.gov.so/background-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hay'adda Qaranka ee Horumarinta Isgaarsiinta iyo Teknolojiyadda (NCA) waxay mas'uul ka tahay fududeynta horumarinta qaybta ICT-ga, awoodsiinta iyo hubinta tartan cadaalad ah oo waara, isku xirka shirkadaha isgaarsiinta, hufnaanta hirgelinta Sharciga Isgaarsiinta, [[Consumer protection|ilaalinta danaha iyo xuquuqda macaamiisha]], iyo ilaalinta doorkeeda hay'ad madax-bannaan. 19kii Nofeembar 2022, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya [[Xamse cabdi barre|Hamza Abdi Barre]] wuxuu [[Mustafa Y. Sheik|Mustafa Y. Sheikh]] u magacaabay [[General manager|Maareeyaha Guud]] ee Hay'adda Qaranka ee Laanqayrta Cas <ref name="ncagmappointed">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalia-pm-appoints-mustafa-yasin-sheikh-as-the-general-manager-of-the-national-telecommunications-agency/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2023-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623032951/https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somalia-pm-appoints-mustafa-yasin-sheikh-as-the-general-manager-of-the-national-telecommunications-agency/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Heshiiska isku xirka == 5tii Diseembar 2022, Maareeyaha Guud ee NCA Mustafa Y. Sheik iyo shirkadaha isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya waxay saxiixeen heshiis isku xir, kaasoo u oggolaanaya macaamiisha shirkadaha isgaarsiinta kala duwan ee dalka inay isku wacaan shabakado kala duwan. <ref name="ncainterconnection1">https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/12/08/nca-operators-sign-landmark-interconnection-agreement/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection2">https://www.telecomreviewafrica.com/en/articles/telecom-operators/3130-nca-and-somali-mobile-operators-sign-an-interconnection-agreement/</ref> Hay'adda Isgaarsiinta Qaranka ee Soomaaliya (NCA) waxay xaqiijisay in shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ay hirgeliyeen heshiis isku xir ah oo la saxiixay Diseembar 2022, kaasoo u oggolaanaya meelaynta wicitaannada oo aan kala go 'lahayn shabakadaha kala duwan ee moobaylka. Heshiiska, oo qayb ahaan ay hirgeliyeen [[Shirkada Isgaariinta Hormuud|Hormuud Telecom]], [[Somtel]], Amtel, SomLink, Golis Telecommunications, iyo [[Telesom]], ayaa dhaqan galay 10kii Janaayo. <ref name="ncainterconnection3">https://www.connectingafrica.com/author.asp?section_id=761&doc_id=784084/</ref> "Isku xirka guusha leh ee lixda shirkadood waa guul muhiim ah oo loo soo hooyay warshadaha isgaarsiinta ee Soomaaliya. Sidaa darteed, tani waxay kor u qaadi doontaa tartanka, yareyn doontaa qiimaha, waxayna siin doontaa fursado badan macaamiisha," ayuu yiri Mustafa Y. Sheik, maamulaha guud ee NCA. "Waxaan bogaadinaynaa dadaallada shirkadaha isgaarsiinta ee dhammaystirka tallaabadan muhiimka ah waxaanan ku dhiirigelinaynaa inay sii wadaan iskaashiga si ay uga faa'iidaystaan warshadaha iyo macaamiisha." <ref name="ncainterconnection4">https://www.mobileworldlive.com/top-three/somalia-operators-activate-interconnections/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection5">https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/telecom-regulation/14541-network-interconnection-now-active-in-somalia.html/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection6">https://sonna.so/en/somalia-launches-interconnection-service/</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection7">https://english.news.cn/africa/20230327/e9353f6a44b6477daef46e33a5e54ab4/c.html#:~:text=MOGADISHU%2C%20March%2027%20(Xinhua),milestone%20for%20the%20telecom%20industry./</ref> <ref name="ncainterconnection8">https://www.telecompaper.com/news/somali-telecom-firms-complete-interconnectivity--1457943/</ref> == Tixraacyada == 1woqdmjckgov8bgt372ry3f2bat7cfu 0 47576 298785 298312 2026-06-18T13:43:23Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marqaati''' waa urur la dagaalanka musuqmaasuqa oo fadhigoodu yahay [[Muqdisho|magaalada Muqdisho]] ee [[Soomaaliya|dalka Soomaaliya]] . <ref name="bbcsomaliasmohamedchosenaspresident">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-38904663</ref>"Marqaati" waxaa loola jeedaa "markhaati" [[Af Soomaali|afka Soomaaliga]] . <ref name="ftsomaliactiviststargetcorrupt">https://www.ft.com/content/ba441470-0e2f-11e3-81ab-00144feabdc0</ref> Marqaati wuxuu ku lug lahaa digniin ku saabsan qaska siyaasadeed ee Soomaaliya 2021. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/14/five-things-to-know-about-somalias-political-turmoil</ref> Ururka ayaa sidoo kale lama huraan u ahaa la dagaallanka musuqmaasuqa doorashada Soomaaliya ee 2016-ka. <ref>https://cdn.odi.org/media/documents/11938.pdf</ref> == Tixraacyada == 5w60xhl823je6e1vvou4wnabw8zuubh 0 47577 298786 298314 2026-06-18T13:44:45Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* Taariikh */ 298786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xarunta Xuquuqul Insaanka Suudaan''' ( {{Langx|ar|المركز السوداني لحقوق الإنسان}} ) waa urur [[Non-profit organization|aan faa'iido doon ahayn]], [[Non-governmental organization|aan dawli ahayn]], isku-dubarid iyo xarun kheyraad oo loogu talagalay in ka badan 40 [[Human rights group|kooxood oo xuquuqda aadanaha]] [[Grassroots|ah oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda]] [[Suudaan]] iyo la-hawlgalayaasha caalamiga ah. Xarunta oo la aasaasay 2020 iyada oo loo marayo iskaashi u dhexeeya [https://www.projectexpeditejustice.org/core-programs Project Expedite Justice] iyo Gisa Group, waxay higsaneysaa inay taageerto geeddi-socod caddaalad oo ku-meel-gaar ah oo dhammaystiran oo ka dhaca Suudaan. <ref>https://sudanhrh.org/en</ref> SHRH waxay u heellan tahay inay dhisto qaab-dhismeed [[Xuquuqda dadka|xuquuqda aadanaha]] oo xooggan oo ka jira Suudaan, taasoo u suurtagelinaysa bulshooyinka inay si wax ku ool ah u helaan caddaaladda. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii nidaam deegaan oo ay ku jiraan qareennada, ururada bulshada rayidka ah, kooxaha bulshada ee aasaasiga ah, iyo difaacayaasha xuquuqda aadanaha, iyagoo iska kaashanaya abuurista iyo [[Archive|kaydinta]]<nowiki/>dukumeentiyada muhiimka ah, ka qaybgalka [[Advocacy|u doodista]] iyo [[Investigative journalism|baaritaannada]], iyo "muujinta in [[Accountability|isla xisaabtanku]] uu suurtagal yahay". <ref>https://sudanhrh.org/en/about</ref> == Taariikh == SHRH waxay la shaqeysaa ururo kala duwan si ay u xoojiso saameynteeda tusaale ahaan [https://matmoora.adeela.org/en/partners/ Adeela], [https://www.sudanunlimited.com/sudan-eventsandanalysis Sudan Unlimited], [https://jalcalegalaid.org/2024/09/12/training-workshop-on-accountability-avenues/ Jalca Legal Aid] iwm. Shabakadda Ayin: si ay u soo saarto "Sudan Conflict Monitor" <ref>https://sudantransparency.org/the-sudan-conflict-monitor-8/</ref> warbixinno faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan xaaladaha xuquuqda aadanaha ee Suudaan. [[George Mason University|Jaamacadda George Mason]] : Rothbart iyo kooxdiisa ayaa isu keenay iyagoo kaashanaya Xarunta Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Suudaan, kuwaas oo, marka lagu daro sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka, ay bixiyaan sawir adag oo ku saabsan xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee gobolka. <ref>https://www.gmu.edu/news/2024-08/satellite-imagery-could-aid-seeking-justice-human-rights-violations-sudan</ref> [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom|Ururka Haweenka ee Nabadda iyo Xorriyadda]] : SHRH waxaa lagu xusay hadal ay soo saartay Niemat Ahmadi oo ka tirsan Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay oo ku saabsan rabshadaha galmada ee la xiriira colaadaha. <ref>https://www.womenpeacesecurity.org/resource/statement-unsc-crsv-open-debate-ahmadi/</ref> [[C4ADS]] : Bishii Sebtembar 2023, Danjire [[Beth Van Schaack]] waxay xustay khariidadda Suudaan Shahid, oo ay samaysay iyadoo kaashanaysa [[Nina Jankowicz#Centre for Information Resilience|Xarunta Adkeysiga Macluumaadka]] (CIR) iyo SHRH, hadallo dadweyne oo ku saabsan xaaladda Suudaan. <ref>https://c4ads.org/sudan/</ref> '''U doodista iyo ka-qaybgalka caalamiga ah''' Xaruntu waxay ku lug leedahay u doodista caalamiga ah, iyadoo ku boorrinaysa hay'adaha sida [[Golaha Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay]] inay ballaariyaan [[United Nations fact-finding mission|howlgallada xaqiiqo raadinta ee Suudaan]] . <ref>https://c4ads.org/sudan/</ref> Waxay sidoo kale ka qayb qaadataa [[OSINT|baaritaannada ilo furan]], iyadoo adeegsanaysa sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka iyo teknoolojiyada kale si loo diiwaangeliyo khataraha soo gaara dadka rayidka ah loona abuuro jawaabo degdeg ah oo ku saabsan walaacyada xuquuqda aadanaha. <ref>https://sudan-justice-hub.wayamo.com/information-sheet/open-source-investigations/</ref> == Hawlaha == * '''Suudaan oo Baaraysa''' Barnaamij diiradda saaraya sameynta baaritaanno dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee ka dhaca Suudaan, iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka dhaqameed iyo tignoolajiyada casriga ah si loo ururiyo caddayn loona taageero dadaallada isla xisaabtanka. Maadaama [[Conflict Observatory]] ay hadda joogsatay, qaar ka mid ah [https://sudanhrh.org/en/articles/mass-graves-discovered-in-west-darfur baaritaannadeeda ayaa wali laga heli karaa mareegta SHRH] . == Tixraacyada == krg0kuhxv409vwspl88vmetv9bi4cqb 298872 298786 2026-06-19T11:38:10Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298872 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xarunta Xuquuqul Insaanka Suudaan''' ( {{Langx|ar|المركز السوداني لحقوق الإنسان}} ) waa urur [[Non-profit organization|aan faa'iido doon ahayn]], [[Non-governmental organization|aan dawli ahayn]], isku-dubarid iyo xarun kheyraad oo loogu talagalay in ka badan 40 [[Human rights group|kooxood oo xuquuqda aadanaha]] [[Grassroots|ah oo asal ahaan ka soo jeeda]] [[Suudaan]] iyo la-hawlgalayaasha caalamiga ah. Xarunta oo la aasaasay 2020 iyada oo loo marayo iskaashi u dhexeeya [https://www.projectexpeditejustice.org/core-programs Project Expedite Justice] iyo Gisa Group, waxay higsaneysaa inay taageerto geeddi-socod caddaalad oo ku-meel-gaar ah oo dhammaystiran oo ka dhaca Suudaan. <ref>https://sudanhrh.org/en</ref> SHRH waxay u heellan tahay inay dhisto qaab-dhismeed [[Xuquuqda dadka|xuquuqda aadanaha]] oo xooggan oo ka jira Suudaan, taasoo u suurtagelinaysa bulshooyinka inay si wax ku ool ah u helaan caddaaladda. Waxay u adeegtaa sidii nidaam deegaan oo ay ku jiraan qareennada, ururada bulshada rayidka ah, kooxaha bulshada ee aasaasiga ah, iyo difaacayaasha xuquuqda aadanaha, iyagoo iska kaashanaya abuurista iyo [[Archive|kaydinta]]<nowiki/>dukumeentiyada muhiimka ah, ka qaybgalka [[Advocacy|u doodista]] iyo [[Investigative journalism|baaritaannada]], iyo "muujinta in [[Accountability|isla xisaabtanku]] uu suurtagal yahay". <ref>https://sudanhrh.org/en/about</ref> == Taariikh == SHRH waxay la shaqeysaa ururo kala duwan si ay u xoojiso saameynteeda tusaale ahaan [https://matmoora.adeela.org/en/partners/ Adeela], [https://www.sudanunlimited.com/sudan-eventsandanalysis Sudan Unlimited], [https://jalcalegalaid.org/2024/09/12/training-workshop-on-accountability-avenues/ Jalca Legal Aid]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} iwm. Shabakadda Ayin: si ay u soo saarto "Sudan Conflict Monitor" <ref>https://sudantransparency.org/the-sudan-conflict-monitor-8/</ref> warbixinno faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan xaaladaha xuquuqda aadanaha ee Suudaan. [[George Mason University|Jaamacadda George Mason]] : Rothbart iyo kooxdiisa ayaa isu keenay iyagoo kaashanaya Xarunta Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Suudaan, kuwaas oo, marka lagu daro sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka, ay bixiyaan sawir adag oo ku saabsan xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee gobolka. <ref>https://www.gmu.edu/news/2024-08/satellite-imagery-could-aid-seeking-justice-human-rights-violations-sudan</ref> [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom|Ururka Haweenka ee Nabadda iyo Xorriyadda]] : SHRH waxaa lagu xusay hadal ay soo saartay Niemat Ahmadi oo ka tirsan Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay oo ku saabsan rabshadaha galmada ee la xiriira colaadaha. <ref>https://www.womenpeacesecurity.org/resource/statement-unsc-crsv-open-debate-ahmadi/</ref> [[C4ADS]] : Bishii Sebtembar 2023, Danjire [[Beth Van Schaack]] waxay xustay khariidadda Suudaan Shahid, oo ay samaysay iyadoo kaashanaysa [[Nina Jankowicz#Centre for Information Resilience|Xarunta Adkeysiga Macluumaadka]] (CIR) iyo SHRH, hadallo dadweyne oo ku saabsan xaaladda Suudaan. <ref>https://c4ads.org/sudan/</ref> '''U doodista iyo ka-qaybgalka caalamiga ah''' Xaruntu waxay ku lug leedahay u doodista caalamiga ah, iyadoo ku boorrinaysa hay'adaha sida [[Golaha Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Golaha Xuquuqda Aadanaha ee Qaramada Midoobay]] inay ballaariyaan [[United Nations fact-finding mission|howlgallada xaqiiqo raadinta ee Suudaan]] . <ref>https://c4ads.org/sudan/</ref> Waxay sidoo kale ka qayb qaadataa [[OSINT|baaritaannada ilo furan]], iyadoo adeegsanaysa sawirrada dayax-gacmeedka iyo teknoolojiyada kale si loo diiwaangeliyo khataraha soo gaara dadka rayidka ah loona abuuro jawaabo degdeg ah oo ku saabsan walaacyada xuquuqda aadanaha. <ref>https://sudan-justice-hub.wayamo.com/information-sheet/open-source-investigations/</ref> == Hawlaha == * '''Suudaan oo Baaraysa''' Barnaamij diiradda saaraya sameynta baaritaanno dhammaystiran oo ku saabsan xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee ka dhaca Suudaan, iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka dhaqameed iyo tignoolajiyada casriga ah si loo ururiyo caddayn loona taageero dadaallada isla xisaabtanka. Maadaama [[Conflict Observatory]] ay hadda joogsatay, qaar ka mid ah [https://sudanhrh.org/en/articles/mass-graves-discovered-in-west-darfur baaritaannadeeda ayaa wali laga heli karaa mareegta SHRH] . == Tixraacyada == 28v1jari9bmxx3wdqkwlj61z0xdftp8 0 47578 298787 298364 2026-06-18T13:45:44Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* Sharci-dejinta Noofambar 2019 */ 298787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xoogagga Xoriyadda iyo Isbeddelka''' ( '''FFC''', <ref name="AJE_transition_plan">https://web.archive.org/web/20190705015919/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/07/sudan-military-council-opposition-reach-power-sharing-agreement-190705013332385.html</ref> sidoo kale ''Isbahaysiga Xoriyadda iyo Isbeddelka'', ama AFC, <ref name="Vox_TMC_FFC_deal">https://www.vox.com/2019/7/5/20683001/sudan-power-sharing-agreement-sovereign-council-protests</ref> iyo ''ku dhawaaqida Xoriyadda iyo Isbeddelka'', ama DFC; <ref name="TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5d306eb7c2ab1.pdf |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2019-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718222047/https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5d306eb7c2ab1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Langx|ar|قوى إعلان الحرية والتغيير}} )  waa isbahaysi siyaasadeed oo ballaaran oo ka kooban isbahaysiyo rayid ah iyo fallaago ah oo ka kooban kooxo Suudaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Sudanese Professionals Association|Ururka Xirfadlayaasha Suudaan]], [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Maya Dulmi ka dhan ah Hindisaha Haweenka]], [[MANSAM]], [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]], [[National Consensus Forces|Ciidamada Is-afgaradka Qaranka]], Suudaan Call, Ururinta Midnimada,  <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created">https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-48055973</ref> iyo [[Sudanese resistance committees|guddiyada iska caabinta Suudaan]], <ref name="AJE_neighbourhoods">https://web.archive.org/web/20191104230627/https://www.sudaneseprofessionals.org/en/declaration-of-freedom-and-change/</ref> oo la sameeyay Janaayo 2019 intii lagu jiray [[2018–19 Sudanese protests|dibadbaxyadii Suudaan ee 2018-19]] . <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created" /> FFC waxay qortay "Baaqa Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" <ref name="Decl_freedom_change">https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article66986</ref> iyo "Axdiga Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" kaas oo ku baaqay in madaxweyne [[Omar al-Bashir|Cumar Al-Bashiir]] laga qaado xukunka, kaas oo dhacay ka dib dhowr bilood oo mudaaharaad ah oo ka [[2019 Sudanese coup d'état|dhacay afgambigii Suudaan ee Abriil 2019.]] <ref name="AJE_alBurhan_TMC">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/sudan-neighbourhoods-mobilised-al-bashir-190506182950504.html</ref> FFC waxay sii wadday isku-dubaridka ficillada dibadbaxyada, bishii Luulyo 2019, waxay gorgortan ka gashay qorshe awood-qaybsi ah [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Golaha Milatariga ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah]] (TMC) si loogu [[2019 Sudanese transition to democracy|gudbo si loogu soo laabto dimuqraadiyadda]] . <ref name="AJE_transition_plan" /> <ref name="Vox_TMC_FFC_deal" /> Heshiiska waxaa la saxiixay 17 Luulyo 2019. <ref name="TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement" /> == Abuurista iyo halabuurka == [[2018–19 Sudanese protests|Mudaaharaadyadii Suudaan ee 2018–19]] ayaa horey u socday dhowr toddobaad markii isbahaysiyo rayid iyo fallaago ah oo ka kooban kooxo Suudaan ah, oo ay ku jiraan [[Sudanese Professionals Association|Ururka Xirfadlayaasha Suudaan]], [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Maya Dulmi ka dhan ah Hindisaha Haweenka]], [[MANSAM]], [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]], [[National Consensus Forces|Ciidamada Is-afgaradka Qaranka]], Suudaan Call, Ururinta Midnimada,  <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created2">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5cf94b02b2055.pdf |access-date=2026-06-08 |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716004035/https://www.dabangasudan.org/uploads/media/5cf94b02b2055.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo [[Sudanese resistance committees|guddiyada iska caabinta Suudaan]], <ref name="AJE_neighbourhoods2">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/sudan-military-council-ruler-ibn-auf-steps-190412194737727.html</ref> waxay qoreen oo saxiixeen "Baaqa Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" <ref name="Decl_freedom_change2">https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article67926</ref> iyo "Axdiga Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" oo ay ku baaqeen in madaxweyne [[Omar al-Bashir|Cumar Al-Bashiir]] laga qaado xukunka. <ref name="SudTrib_FFC_created2" /> Isbahaysiga kooxaha taageeraya axdiga waxaa loo yaqaanay dhowr magac oo isku mid ah, oo ay ku jiraan isbahaysiga "Ciidamada Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka" (FFC ama AFC). Baaqa 1 Janaayo 2019 waxaa wada saxiixday 22 urur. === Sharci-dejinta Noofambar 2019 === 4tii Nofembar 2019, FFC waxay ku dhawaaqday qaab-dhismeed cusub oo rasmi ah oo sare, oo ka kooban Golaha Dhexe, Golaha Isku-dubaridka, iyo Golaha La-talinta. Golaha Dhexe waa hay'adda "siyaasadda ugu sarreysa"; Golaha Isku-dubaridku wuxuu leeyahay awoodo fulineed; Golaha La-talintana "wuxuu xakameyn doonaa oo siin doonaa la-talin" Golaha Dhexe. Golaha Dhexe iyo Golaha La-talinta waxaa ka mid ah wakiillo ka socda saxiixayaasha ugu waaweyn ee Axdiga Baaqa Xorriyadda iyo Isbeddelka, halka Golaha La-talinta uu ka kooban yahay wakiillo ka socda dhammaan saxiixayaasha. == Tixraacyada == boxyya4tmf7v1yplz39gayllmvbmiuh 0 47583 298788 298416 2026-06-18T13:52:52Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amina Mohamed Abdi''' ( {{Langx|so|Aamina Maxamed Cabdi}} ; 21 Oktoobar 1981 - 23 Maarso 2022) waxay ahayd siyaasiyad Soomaaliyeed, waxay ahayd [[Member of parliament|xildhibaan]] ka tirsan [[Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya|Baarlamaanka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya]] laga bilaabo 2012 ilaa geerideeda, iyadoo xubin ka ahayd [[Union for Peace and Development Party|Xisbiga Mucaaradka ah ee Midowga Nabadda iyo Horumarinta]] . <ref>https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/young-female-somali-lawmaker-fights-corruption-/5743821.html </ref> == Nolosha == Aamina Maxamed Cabdi waxay ka soo jeeday qabiilka [[Hawiye]], oo ah qabiilka Gaaljecel. Waxay dugsi ka dhigan jirtay [[Muqdisho]], waxayna xasuusatay iyadoo siddeed jir ah, oo ka soo laabatay dugsiga inay gurigeeda madhan iyo qoyskeeda oo baxay markii [[dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya]] uu qarxay 1992. Waxay markii dambe la noolayd adeerkeed, oo isagu ahaa xildhibaan ka tirsan baarlamaanka Soomaaliya. <ref name="Mohammed">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> Sannadkii 2012, iyadoo 24 jir ah, Cabdi waxay u tartantay baarlamaanka. Waxay ka hortimid odayaasha qabiilka inay sidaas sameyso, iyadoo la kulantay diidmo ah inay sidaas sameyneyso oo ah inay u dhaqmayso sidii dhillo. Iyadoo ka adkaatay laba musharrax oo kale, waxay ku guuleysatay kursi loo qoondeeyay haweenka. <ref name="Mohammed2">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> [[Doorashada xigta ee Baarlamaanka Soomaaliya|Doorashadii baarlamaanka Soomaaliya ee 2016]], Cabdi ayaa ku guuleystay kursi xildhibaan oo furan oo ka dhacay [[Hiiraan|gobolka Hiiraan ee Soomaaliya]] . <ref name="Mohammed3">https://www.reuters.com/article/instant-article/idUSKBN29N0UG</ref> Cabdi waxay isu diyaarinaysay inay noqoto musharax ka tirsan [[Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya|doorashooyinka]] baarlamaanka ee loo qorsheeyay Febraayo 2021, <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/mar/24/female-opposition-mp-among-dozens-killed-in-somalia-bombings</ref> iyadoo difaacaysa kursigeeda shan nin. <ref name="Mohammed4">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/10/what-is-delaying-somalias-election</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, doorashooyinka ayaa dib loo dhigay iyadoo lagu muransan yahay habka codbixinta. == Tixraacyada == 13kpye3o5a69f1zhena6umx4u3i9ltr 0 47584 298789 298501 2026-06-18T13:53:21Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea''' waa mid baahsan, iyadoo laaluush looga baahan yahay inta badan adeegyada dowladda. <ref name=":0">https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-dashboard?isocode=ERI&cHash=9b6f27060253a7d19624760946748a09</ref> <ref name="awate">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> Sannadihii hore ee xornimada ka dib, [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] waxaa loo arkayay mid aan musuqmaasuq lahayn oo leh dhaqan xooggan oo ka dhan ah musuqmaasuqa. <ref name="tesfa">http://awate.com/isaias-of-eritrea-threatens-corrupt-government-functionaries/</ref> <ref name="bti">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1 |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2017-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315175524/http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cabbiraadaha caalamiga ah ee muhiimka ah, ayaa muujiyay hoos u dhac sii kordhaya oo ku yimid hababka ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa ee Eritrea. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1 |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2017-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315175524/http://bti2006.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de/75.0.html?L=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laga bilaabo 2024, yoolka rasmiga ah ee dowladda ee ah in la xakameeyo musuqmaasuqa si wax ku ool ah ayaa loo dayacay, shaqaalaha militariga iyo shaqaalaha rayidka ahna badanaa laguma soo oogo dacwado musuqmaasuq. <ref name=":0" /> Eritrea kuma biirin [[United Nations Convention against Corruption|Heshiiska Qaramada Midoobay ee ka dhanka ah Musuqmaasuqa]] ama hindisayaasha kale ee caalamiga ah ee ka hortagga musuqmaasuqa. Ma jiraan hay'ado samafal oo madax-bannaan oo ku sugan Eritrea, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa baara musuqmaasuqa. Ma jiraan hay'ado dowladeed ama ilaaliyeyaal ka madax-bannaan xisbiga talada haya [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|ee PFDJ]] ee Eritrea si ay musuqmaasuqa ugu soo sheegaan. <ref>https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-investment-climate-statements/eritrea/</ref> [[Corruption Perceptions Index|Tusmada Aragtida Musuqmaasuqa]] ee [[Transparency International]] ee 2024 iyo 2025, Eritrea waxay heshay 13 dhibcood oo ka bilaabmaysa 0 ("aad u musuqmaasuq badan") ilaa 100 ("aad u nadiifsan"). Kuwani waa dhibcaha ugu xun ee Eritrea abid hesho tan iyo markii habka dhibcaha hadda la qaatay 2012; dhibcaha ugu fiican abid waxay ahaayeen 25 sanadkaas. Markii lagu qiimeeyay dhibcaha, Eritrea waxay gashay kaalinta 177aad ee 182 waddan ee Tusmada 2025, halkaas oo dalka lagu tiriyo inuu kaalinta koowaad ka galay qaybta dadweynaha ugu daacadsan. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13</ref> Tusmada 2025, waddamada Afrika ee ka hooseeya Saxaraha [ Note 1 ] waxay celcelis ahaan ahaayeen 32, iyadoo dhibco u dhexeeya 9 ilaa 68. Adduunka oo dhan, waddamadu waxay celcelis ahaan ahaayeen 42 sannadkii 2025, iyadoo dhibco u dhexeeya 9 ilaa 89. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-U4U-13</ref> == Asalka == Eritrea waxay xor ka noqotay Itoobiya sanadkii 1991 ka dib [[Eritrean War of Independence|Dagaalkii Xorriyadda ee Eritrea]], madax-bannaanideedana waxaa si rasmi ah loo ansixiyay sanadkii 1993 iyada oo loo marayo afti ay Qaramada Midoobay kormeeraysay. <ref name="U4U">{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.tesfanews.net/president-isaias-warns-corrupt-officials/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2023-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922072351/https://tesfanews.net/president-isaias-warns-corrupt-officials/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Tobanaan sano oo dagaal ah ayaa beeray dhibaatooyin bulsho iyo dhaqaale oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan musuqmaasuq. <ref name="U4U" />Waqtigaas, Eritrea waxay lahayd qayb gaar loo leeyahay oo daciif ah oo ay ku yar yihiin shaqaale xirfad leh. [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War|Dagaalkii]]<nowiki/>lala galay Itoobiya laga bilaabo 1998 ilaa 2000 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay ayaa sii xumeeyay xasillooni darrada Eritrea. <ref name="U4U" /> Warbixinta [[Bertelsmann Stiftung]] ee 2006 ayaa xustay in inkastoo kiisaska musuqmaasuqa tan iyo markii xorriyadda la qaatay ay jireen, haddana musuqmaasuqa ka jira Eritrea uu ahaa mid hooseeya. <ref name="bti2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-14</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Tusmada Isbeddelka BTI ee Bertelsmann Stiftung ee 2024 ayaa ogaatay in musuqmaasuqu uu ku baahay maamulka rayidka iyo militariga. Waxay xustay la'aanta xorriyadaha madaniga ah, hubinta hay'adaha iyo dheelitirka, iyo hubinta kharashaadka dawladda ee Eritrea. <ref name=":02">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Eritrea#cite_note-14</ref> == Tixraacyada == 6qujivg8qt2688zerpuhf9vmglv29hc 0 47585 298790 298422 2026-06-18T13:53:45Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298790 wikitext text/x-wiki The  '''Assembly''' ( {{Langx|ti|ሃገራዊ ባይቶ}} Qaran bayto ) waa wakiilka ugu ''sarreeya'' iyo [[Sharcidajin|hay'adda sharci dejinta]] ee [[Eratareya|Dowladda Eritrea]] . Iyada oo lagu aasaasay [[Constitution of Eritrea|Dastuurkii 1997]] ee aan la hirgelin, waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka kooban tahay wakiillo ay dadku soo doorteen iyada oo loo marayo [[Secret ballot|codbixin qarsoodi ah]] . Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ahaa inuu noqdo hay'adda sharci dejinta ee ugu horreysa, oo loo xilsaaray dejinta sharciyada iyo matalaadda danaha dadka Eritrea. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Golaha Qaranka ayaa shaqada joojiyay 2002. <ref>https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> Tan iyo markaas, Eritrea waxaa lagu maamulayay digreeto madaxweyne, iyada oo aan waligood dhicin doorasho sharci-dejin qaran. Golaha Qaranka wuxuu ka kooban yahay 150 xubnood: <ref>https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> * 75 xubnood ayaa la magacaabay (oo inta badan ka kooban wakiillo [[Elections in Eritrea|ay dadweynaha guud doorteen]], kuwaas oo ugu yaraan 11 ka mid ah ay tahay inay noqdaan haween, iyo 15 xubnood oo matalaya dadka Eritrea ee ku nool dibadda). * 75 xubnood oo matalaya xubnaha Golaha Dhexe ee [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Jabhadda Dadweynaha ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]](PFDJ), oo ah [[One-party state|xisbiga kaliya ee sharciga ah]] ee Eritrea. Sida laga soo xigtay [[Inter-Parliamentary Union|IPU]], Golaha Qaranka waxaa si dadban loo soo doortay 150 xubnood. Golaha Qaranka waxaa la aasaasay 1994, goobta shirkuna waxay ku taal [[Asmara]] . [[Agence France Presse|Wakaaladda wararka ee AFP]] ayaa sheegtay in dadka reer Eritrea ay doorteen 399 wakiil oo ka tirsan [[Regions of Eritrea|lixda gobol ee dalka,]]<nowiki/>iyadoo ay socotay geeddi-socod dheer oo horseedaya sameynta shirweyne deegaan, iyadoo doorashooyinka gobolladu ay ka bilaabmeen 4-tii Janaayo 1997 qaybo ka mid ah dalka, kuwa kalena ay dhammaadeen 1-dii Maarso 1997. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">xigasho ayaa loo baahan yahay</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> As of 2026 , doorashooyin toos ah waligood lama qaban: doorashooyinkii la qorsheeyay 2001 ayaa si joogto ah dib loogu dhigay ka hor inta aan gebi ahaanba la joojin. As of 2016 , Golaha Qaranka waxaa [[Xafiiska Gudiga Sare Xuquuqda Dadka Qaramada Midoobay|Xafiiska Wakiilka Sare ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Xuquuqda Aadanaha]] ku tilmaamay mid aan jirin, <ref name="OHCHR_ER_crimes_humanity">https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> oo aan la isugu imaan tan iyo Janaayo 2002. <ref>https://www.eritreadigest.com/02-02-02-eritreas-day-of-shame/</ref> Dhaqan ahaan, Madaxweyne [[Isaias Afwerki]] [[Rule by decree|wuxuu adeegsadaa]] awoodaha sharci-dejinta marka lagu daro hawlaha fulinta ee [[Constitution of Eritrea|dastuurku]] siiyay. == Asalka == In kasta oo [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] ay [[Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea|ku biirtay Itoobiya]], laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1962, Golaha Asmara wuxuu ahaa hay'adda sharci-dejinta. Eritrea waxay leedahay Gole qaran oo hal xisbi ah oo ay maamusho [[People's Front for Democracy and Justice|Xisbiga Dadka ee Dimuqraadiyadda iyo Caddaaladda]] (PFDJ) (asal ahaan [[Eritrean People's Liberation Front|Jabhadda Xoreynta Dadka Eritrea]] (EPLF)). Laga soo bilaabo waqtigii xorriyadda tan iyo bishii Maajo 1991, dalka waxaa sii socday dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo la doortay intii lagu jiray doorashadii Juun 1993; doorashooyinkii loo qorsheeyay 2001 ayaa dib loo dhigay si aan xad lahayn. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/5/24/democracy-according-to-eritreas-afwerki-then-and-now</ref> Doorashooyinka gobolka iyo kuwa maxalliga ah waxaa si joogto ah loo qabtaa iyadoo la raacayo qaab-dhismeed xaddidan, iyadoo dhammaan ragga iyo dumarka asal kasta oo qowmiyadeed ama diimeed ah ay xaq u leeyihiin inay codeeyaan. Shakhsiyaad keliya, ee aan xisbiyo ahayn, ayaa loo oggol yahay inay ka qayb galaan doorashooyinka, kuwaas oo ay hoggaaminayaan wakiillo ka socda PDFJ. Go'aannada siyaasadeed waa inay diiradda saaraan waajibaadka xisbiga. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/5/24/democracy-according-to-eritreas-afwerki-then-and-now</ref> == Shahaadada == Xubnaha 150-ka xubnood ee Golaha Qaranka waa xubno ka socda xubnaha Golaha Dhexe ee xisbiga talada haya ee PFDJ iyo 75 kale oo laga soo doortay Golaha Deegaanka ee 527 xubnood sannadkii 1997. Doorashooyinka waxaa loo qabtay [[Dowlad ku meel gaar|dowlad ku meel gaar ah]] si ay uga wada hadlaan una ansixiyaan dastuurka cusub. Shuruudaha loo dejiyay 75-ta xubnood ee la doortay waxay ahaayeen: ugu yaraan 11 xubnood oo haween ah iyo ugu yaraan 15 xubnood oo matalaya dadka Eritrean [[Expatriate|-ka ah ee dibadda ka yimid]] . <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/5/24/democracy-according-to-eritreas-afwerki-then-and-now</ref> == Tixraacyada == alo222ebnl8rchrimkkxd2m3n2rkinn 0 47586 298791 298423 2026-06-18T13:53:49Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Mohammed Fathi Ahmed Ibrahim''' KCMG ( {{Langx|ar|محمد إبراهيم}} ; wuxuu dhashay 3 Maajo 1946) waa ganacsade [[Billionaire|bilyaneer ah oo u]] dhashay Suudaan iyo Ingiriis. Wuxuu u shaqeeyay dhowr shirkadood oo isgaarsiineed, ka hor inta uusan aasaasin [[Celtel]], oo markii la iibiyay ay lahaayeen in ka badan 24 milyan oo macaamiil taleefannada gacanta ah oo ku kala nool 14 waddan oo Afrikaan ah. Ka dib markii uu Celtel ku iibiyay $3.4 bilyan, wuxuu aasaasay [[Mo Ibrahim Foundation|Hay'adda Mo Ibrahim]] si uu u dhiirrigeliyo maamul wanaagsan oo Afrika ah, iyo sidoo kale abuurista Tusmada Ibrahim ee Maamulka Afrika, si loo qiimeeyo waxqabadka waddamada. Sidoo kale waa xubin ka tirsan guddiga la-talinta gobolka Afrika ee [[London Business School|Dugsiga Ganacsiga ee London]] . Sannadkii 2007 wuxuu bilaabay [[Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership|Abaalmarinta Mo Ibrahim ee Guusha Hoggaanka Afrika]], taasoo $5 milyan siinaysa madaxda Afrika ee amniga, caafimaadka, waxbarashada iyo horumarka dhaqaalaha gaarsiiya dadka ay matalaan, isla markaana si dimuqraadi ah ugu wareejiya awoodda kuwa beddelaya. Ibrahim wuxuu ballan qaaday inuu ugu yaraan kala bar hantidiisa siin doono hay'ad samafal isagoo ku biiraya [[The Giving Pledge|Ballanqaadka Bixinta]] . Sida laga soo xigtay Liiska Bilyaneerada ''[[Forbes]]'' 2011, <ref name=":0">https://www.forbes.com/profile/mohammed-ibrahim</ref> Mo Ibrahim wuxuu leeyahay hanti dhan $1.8 bilyan, taasoo ka dhigaysa qofka 692-aad ee ugu taajirsan adduunka. Waxaa sidoo kale loo doortay liiska "100-ka ugu sarreeya" ee majaladda ''[[Majladda Time|TIME]]'' sannadkii 2008, waxaana kaalinta koowaad ka galay liiska sanadlaha ah ee ''[[Powerlist]]'' ee dadka madow ee saameynta leh ee Britain. <ref name="The 100 powerful black Britons who are changing the world">https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/oct/05/britishidentity.race</ref> == Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada == Mo Ibrahim wuxuu ku dhashay 3-dii Maajo 1946-kii [[Suudaan]], wuxuuna ka soo jeedaa [[Nubians|Nubian]], wuxuuna ahaa kii labaad ee shan carruur ah, afar ka mid ahna waxay ahaayeen wiilal. <ref name="newyorker">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/03/07/the-dictator-index|title=The Dictator Index|first=Ken|last=Auletta|magazine=The New Yorker|date=28 February 2011|accessdate=13 November 2017|via=www.newyorker.com}}</ref> <ref name="Bedell">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Ibrahim#cite_note-newyorker-5</ref> Qoyskiisu waxay u guureen [[Askandariya|Alexandria]], Masar, markuu yaraa, aabihiis Fathi wuxuu halkaas ka shaqayn jiray shirkad cudbi ah, hooyadiis Aida aad bay u xiisaynaysay inay dhammaantood helaan waxbarasho wanaagsan. <ref name="newyorker" /> == Tixraacyada == jv7tdyeno27na6ern7mm56573786gls 0 47587 298792 298425 2026-06-18T13:54:16Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AFRINIC''' (Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadaha Afrika) waa [[Regional Internet registry|diiwaanka internetka ee gobolka]] (RIR) ee [[Afrika]] iyo jasiiradaha u dhow ee [[Badweynta Hindiya]], waxayna mas'uul ka tahay qoondaynta iyo diiwaangelinta [[Ciwaanka IP-ga|cinwaanada Protocol-ka Internetka (IP)]] iyo [[Nambarka Nidaamka Iskiis-u-taagan|lambarrada nidaamka madaxbannaan (AS)]] ee gobolka adeegga. Waxay sidoo kale bixisaa adeegyo farsamo iyo maamul oo la xiriira oo taageera [[Internet in Africa|Internetka Afrika]] . Waxaa la aasaasay 2004, iyadoo xarunteedu tahay [[Ebene, Mauritius]], AFRINIC waa mid ka mid ah shan diiwaan oo internetka gobolka ah oo isku xira qayb aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah kaabayaasha farsamada ee [[Xuubcaarada caalamiga (Internet)|Internetka]] . <ref name=":26">https://www.itweb.co.za/article/internet-registry-afrinic-comes-of-age/wbrpOMg26mP7DLZn</ref> <ref name=":28">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-:28-5</ref> AFRINIC waa [[Not-for-profit organization|urur aan faa'iido doon ahayn]] oo leh ilaa 2,400 oo xubnood oo ku kala baahsan 56 waddan oo ku yaal gobolkiisa adeegga. <ref name=":21">https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> <ref name=":27">https://www.internetac.org/archives/2142</ref> Xubnaha waxaa ka mid ah [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka]], [[Internet exchange point|goobaha is-weydaarsiga internetka]], dowladaha, hay'adaha tacliinta, iyo ururada kale iyo ganacsiyada ka shaqeeya shabakadaha. AFRINIC waxay u qoondeysaa booska cinwaanka IP xubnaha, waxay ilaalisaa xogta diiwaangelinta, waxay horumarisaa siyaasadaha iyadoo la tashanaya xubnaha iyo bulshada internetka ee ballaaran, waxayna siisaa tababar farsamo hawlwadeennada shabakadaha. AFRINIC waxay xubnaha ka qaadaa khidmado sannadle ah si ay u daboosho kharashaadka hawlgalka. AFRINIC waxay la kulantay dhibaatooyin waaweyn oo abaabul iyo sharci. Sannadkii 2019, mareegaha wararka ayaa sheegay in shaqaale ka tirsan AFRINIC uu wax ka beddelay macluumaadka diiwaangelinta 4.1 milyan oo cinwaanada [[IPv4|IPv4 ah]] si uu ugu iibiyo [[Grey market|suuqa madow]] . Sannadkii 2020, AFRINIC iyo shirkad xubin ka ah, Cloud Innovation Ltd, waxay bilaabeen taxane ah khilaafaad sharci oo la xiriira qoondaynta cinwaanka IPv4, taasoo keentay [[Asset freezing|hanti la xayiray]], [[Dacaree|amarro]]<nowiki/>badan, iyo, sannadkii 2022, kala dirista guddiga agaasimayaasha AFRINIC ee [[Supreme Court of Mauritius|Maxkamadda Sare ee Mauritius]] . AFRINIC waxay ku shaqaynaysay qaab- [[Receivership|dhismeed]] ay maxkamaddu u magacowday laga bilaabo 2023. Bishii Juun 2025, qaataha wuxuu isku dayay inuu qabto doorasho guddi, laakiin wuu joojiyay walaac laga qabo [[Electoral integrity|hufnaanta doorashada]] . qaataha wuxuu qabtay doorasho guddi oo guul leh Sebtembar 2025. == Hawlgallada farsamada iyo barnaamijyada == === Lambarrada internetka === [[File:IPv6_Prefix_Assignment_Example-en.svg|thumb|300x300px|Tusaale ahaan u wareejinta baloogyada waaweyn ee cinwaanada IP-ga ee ka imanaya [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]] una gudbaya diiwaannada internetka ee gobolka sida AFRINIC, kuwaas oo u qoondeeya baloogyada yaryar [[Internet service provider|bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka]] iyo hawl wadeennada kale ee shabakadda.]] Iyada oo ah diiwaan goboleed oo internetka ah, AFRINIC waxay ka heshaa baloogyo badan oo lambarrada internetka ah [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|Hay'adda Lambarrada Internetka ee la qoondeeyay]] (IANA), oo ah shaqo ay leedahay [[ICANN|Hay'adda Internetka ee aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee loogu talagalay Magacyada iyo Lambarrada la qoondeeyay]] (ICANN). <ref>https://afrinic.net/internet-routing-registry</ref> AFRINIC waxay mas'uul ka tahay qoondaynta iyo diiwaangelinta [[Ciwaanka IP-ga|cinwaannada IP-ga]] iyo [[Nambarka Nidaamka Iskiis-u-taagan|lambarrada nidaamka madaxbannaan (AS)]] ee hawl wadeennada shabakadda ee gobolka adeegga, oo ay ku jiraan Afrika iyo qayb ka mid ah [[Badweynta Hindiya]] . <ref name=":46">https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> AFRINIC waxay maamushaa cinwaanada [[IPv4]], kuwaas oo si weyn loo taageero laakiin aad u yar (fiiri [[IPv4 address exhaustion|daalka cinwaanka IPv4]] ), oo ay weheliso [[IPv6 address|cinwaanada IPv6]], kuwaas oo cusub oo badan laakiin aan weli taageerin dhammaan nidaamyada (fiiri [[IPv6 deployment|dejinta IPv6]] ). AFRINIC waxay maamushaa qiyaastii 6% [[Address pool|barkadda cinwaanka]] IPv4 ee adduunka, <ref>https://www.heise.de/news/Vorstandswahl-bei-Afrinic-Schwere-Vorwuerfe-der-Unregelmaessigkeiten-10459901.html</ref> qaddar ka yar [[Qiyaasta dakhliga qofka|qofkiiba]] marka loo eego gobollada kale. <ref name=":36">https://www.internetac.org/archives/2142</ref> == Xogta WHOIS == Kaydka xogta AFRINIC [[WHOIS]] waxa ku jira faahfaahinta diiwaangelinta ee cinwaanada IP-ga iyo lambarrada AS ee ay qoondaysay AFRINIC. <ref name=":35">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-13</ref> Waxay muujinaysaa ururada haya kheyraadka, meesha loo qoondeeyay, iyo faahfaahinta xiriirka ee shabakadaha. Haystayaasha kheyraadka ayaa mas'uul ka ah cusboonaysiinta macluumaadkooda ku jira kaydka xogta. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFRINIC#cite_note-:35-12</ref> Kaydka xogta waxaa laga baari karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo is-dhexgalka shabakadda ee bogga AFRINIC ama iyadoo macmiilka whois loo jihaynayo whois.afrinic.net (tusaale ahaan, whois -h whois.afrinic.net 196.1.0.0/24). <ref name=":35" /> == Tixraacyada == 0j333c1pnymlr4uvnurah22m4u7zz6g 0 47588 298793 298495 2026-06-18T13:56:46Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika */ 298793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isbahaysiga Smart Africa''' waa iskaashi ka dhexeeya dalalka Afrika <ref>https://smartafrica.org/sudan-joins-the-smart-africa-alliance/</ref> <ref name="UIA">https://uia.org/s/or/en/1122289464</ref> oo u [[File:Smart_Africa_Secretariat_logo.png|thumb| ]] hoggaansamaya Manifesto-ka Smart Africa. Hadafkiisu waa in la dedejiyo horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee waara ee qaaradda Afrika <ref>https://smartafrica.org/sudan-joins-the-smart-africa-alliance/</ref> iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka [[Information and Communications Technologies|Teknolojiyada Macluumaadka iyo Isgaarsiinta]] (ICTs) iyo iyada oo loo marayo marin u helid wanaagsan oo adeegyada [[Broadband|ballaaran]] . La-hawlgalayaasha kale ee Isbahaysiga Smart Africa waxaa ka mid ah [[Midowga Afrika]], [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|ITU]], [[Bankiga Aduunka|Bangiga Adduunka]], [[African Development Bank|Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Afrika]], [[GSMA]], [[ICANN]] iyo shirkadaha. <ref>https://uia.org/s/or/en/1122289464</ref> Guddiga Isbahaysiga Smart Africa waxaa guddoomiye ka ah Madaxweyne [[Paul Kagame]] <ref>https://engineering.cmu.edu/news-events/magazine/winter-2015/smart-africa-scholarship.html</ref>xoghayntana waxaa hoggaamisa agaasimaha guud Lacina Koné tan iyo Maarso 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://smartafrica.org/about/overview/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928102912/https://smartafrica.org/about/overview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika == Smart Africa waxay martigelisaa shir sannadeed oo ku saabsan Siyaasadda ICT iyo Teknolojiyadda oo loogu magac daray Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika. <ref>https://www.biometricupdate.com/201905/digitizing-africa-the-transform-africa-summit-and-leading-voices</ref> Kani waa mashruuca ugu muhiimsan ee Smart Africa kaas oo galaya daabacaaddiisii 6aad. Shir-madaxeedkan waxaa martigeliyay madax heer caalami ah, wasiirrada ICT-ga, <ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2019/05/15/heads-of-state-address-transform-africa-summit-2019-in-kigali/</ref>hoggaamiyeyaasha ganacsiga <ref>https://regionweek.com/eugene-kaspersky-founder-of-kaspersky-antivirus-confirmed-to-attend-the-5th-transform-africa-summit-in-rwanda/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> iyo sameeyayaasha siyaasadda. == Tixraacyada == kxa1js6b5islqlhfcg0bng1t8lg7n5v 298824 298793 2026-06-19T05:28:12Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isbahaysiga Smart Africa''' waa iskaashi ka dhexeeya dalalka Afrika <ref>https://smartafrica.org/sudan-joins-the-smart-africa-alliance/</ref> <ref name="UIA">https://uia.org/s/or/en/1122289464</ref> oo u [[File:Smart_Africa_Secretariat_logo.png|thumb| ]] hoggaansamaya Manifesto-ka Smart Africa. Hadafkiisu waa in la dedejiyo horumarka dhaqan-dhaqaale ee waara ee qaaradda Afrika <ref>https://smartafrica.org/sudan-joins-the-smart-africa-alliance/</ref> iyada oo loo marayo isticmaalka [[Information and Communications Technologies|Teknolojiyada Macluumaadka iyo Isgaarsiinta]] (ICTs) iyo iyada oo loo marayo marin u helid wanaagsan oo adeegyada [[Broadband|ballaaran]] . La-hawlgalayaasha kale ee Isbahaysiga Smart Africa waxaa ka mid ah [[Midowga Afrika]], [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|ITU]], [[Bankiga Aduunka|Bangiga Adduunka]], [[African Development Bank|Bangiga Horumarinta Afrika]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Afrika]], [[GSMA]], [[ICANN]] iyo shirkadaha. <ref>https://uia.org/s/or/en/1122289464</ref> Guddiga Isbahaysiga Smart Africa waxaa guddoomiye ka ah Madaxweyne [[Paul Kagame]] <ref>https://engineering.cmu.edu/news-events/magazine/winter-2015/smart-africa-scholarship.html{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>xoghayntana waxaa hoggaamisa agaasimaha guud Lacina Koné tan iyo Maarso 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://smartafrica.org/about/overview/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928102912/https://smartafrica.org/about/overview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika == Smart Africa waxay martigelisaa shir sannadeed oo ku saabsan Siyaasadda ICT iyo Teknolojiyadda oo loogu magac daray Shir-madaxeedka Isbeddelka Afrika. <ref>https://www.biometricupdate.com/201905/digitizing-africa-the-transform-africa-summit-and-leading-voices</ref> Kani waa mashruuca ugu muhiimsan ee Smart Africa kaas oo galaya daabacaaddiisii 6aad. Shir-madaxeedkan waxaa martigeliyay madax heer caalami ah, wasiirrada ICT-ga, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2019/05/15/heads-of-state-address-transform-africa-summit-2019-in-kigali/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |archive-date=2019-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517091454/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2019/05/15/heads-of-state-address-transform-africa-summit-2019-in-kigali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>hoggaamiyeyaasha ganacsiga <ref>https://regionweek.com/eugene-kaspersky-founder-of-kaspersky-antivirus-confirmed-to-attend-the-5th-transform-africa-summit-in-rwanda/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> iyo sameeyayaasha siyaasadda. == Tixraacyada == hbd5n6j0lexibox1l7z05q1ok649swh 0 47589 298863 298427 2026-06-19T10:53:14Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Golaha Maamulidda Internetka ee Afrika (AfIGF)''' waa gole [[Multistakeholder governance|ay ku mideysan yihiin daneeyayaal badan]] oo fududeeya wadahadallada ku saabsan arrimaha [[Internet governance|maamulka internetka]] . Waa mid ka mid ah 19-ka hindisaha [[Internet Governance Forum|IGF]] ee gobolka <ref>https://www.intgovforum.org/multilingual/content/regional-igf-initiatives</ref>waxayna higsaneysaa inay wax ka qabato oo ay ka wada hadasho arrimaha dhammaan 54-ta waddan ee Afrika. <ref>https://afrisig.org/2019/09/25/the-importance-of-the-african-internet-governance-forum/</ref> == Hawlgalka iyo taariikhda == Golaha Maamulka Internetka ee Afrika ayaa la aasaasay intii lagu jiray IGF-ga caalamiga ah ee lagu qabtay [[Nayroobi|Nairobi]]<nowiki/>sannadkii 2011. <ref name=":0">https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/30938-doc-african_internet_governance_forum_rev1_0.pdf</ref> 2 ilaa 4 Sebtembar, Golaha Wasiirrada ICT-ga ee Midowga Afrika ayaa ansixiyay hay'adda. <ref name=":3">https://www.afigf.africa/sites/default/files/report%20afigf%202012.pdf</ref> Shirkii ugu horreeyay ee AfIGF, halkaas oo ka qaybgalayaashu ay ku go'aamiyeen shuruudaha tixraaca, <ref name=":32">https://www.afigf.africa/sites/default/files/report%20afigf%202012.pdf</ref> wuxuu ka dhacay Qaahira sanadkii 2012. Tan iyo markaas, siddeed kulan oo kale ayaa xigay. <ref>https://www.afigf.africa/?q=past_events</ref> == Qaab-dhismeedka ururka iyo maaliyadda == === Xoghaynta === Xoghaynta AfIGF waxay u dhisan tahay si la mid ah xoghaynta caalamiga ah ee IGF. <ref name=":02">https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/30938-doc-african_internet_governance_forum_rev1_0.pdf</ref> Martigelinteeda waa Guddiga Dhaqaalaha ee Qaramada Midoobay ee Afrika ( [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|UNECA]] ) waxayna sidoo kale taageero ka heshaa [[African Union Commission|Guddiga Midowga Afrika]] . <ref>https://archive.uneca.org/afigf</ref> Waxay ku taal [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] . == Tixraacyo == qfqdeyjer6mhnyxp7xfu5iw6v5axs9i 0 47591 298826 298496 2026-06-19T05:31:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 298826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isgaarsiinta Eritrea''' waxaa hoos yimaada [[Siyaasadda Eritrea|Dowladda Eritrea]] == Kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha == [[Eritrean Telecommunications Corporation|Shirkadda Adeegyada Isgaarsiinta ee Eritrea]], oo loo yaqaan ''EriTel'', waa shirkadda kaliya ee maamusha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta taleefanka dhulka iyo kan gacanta ee [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid ka mid ah dhowr [[Internet service provider|shirkadood oo bixiya adeegyada internetka]] ee dalka. <ref>[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/membership/portal/index.asp?Name=1226 "Eritrea Telecommunication Services Corporation (EriTel)"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2013.</ref> Kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta gudaha aad uma fiicna. Inta badan taleefannada khadka tooska ah waxay ku yaalliin [[Asmara]], caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn. Taleefannada gacanta ayaa si isa soo taraysa looga isticmaalaa dalka oo dhan. Dowladdu waxay raadinaysaa qandaraasyo caalami ah si loo horumariyo nidaamka. <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-2013">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> 13kii Abriil 2006, Eritrea waxay heshay amaah jilicsan oo ka timid dowladda [[Shiinaha]] si ay u horumariso kaabayaasheeda isgaarsiinta. Wadarta guud ee la amaahiyay [[EriTel]] waxay ahayd $23 milyan. Dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn waxay ku xiran yihiin nidaamka taleefanka gacanta ee Eritrea marka laga reebo [[Casab|Assab]], laga bilaabo 2023. == Telefoon == * Taleefannada go'an ee la isticmaalo: 58,500 oo khadad, oo ah kaalinta 159aad ee adduunka (2011). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> * Taleefannada gacanta ee gacanta ayaa la isticmaalayaa: 241,900 oo khad, oo ah kaalinta 175aad ee adduunka (2011). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132" /> * Isku darka macaamiisha khadka go'an iyo kuwa moobaylka waa wax ka yar 5 qof 100kii qofba (2011). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132" /> * Koodhka waddanka caalamiga ah: 291. <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20132" /> == Raadiyaha iyo telefishanka == * Dowladdu waxay maamushaa dhammaan warbaahinta baahinta iyadoo la mamnuucay lahaanshaha gaarka ah. Iibsashada saxannada dayax-gacmeedka iyo rukhsadaha warbaahinta caalamiga ah waa la oggol yahay. <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20133">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> * Shabakadaha raadiyaha: 2 ay dawladdu leedahay (2007). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20133" /> * Telefishinada: 1 shirkad oo ay dawladdu leedahay (2007). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20133" /> == Internetka == * Isticmaalayaasha Internetka: 48,692 isticmaale, 180aad adduunka; 0.8% dadweynaha, 211aad adduunka (2012). <ref name="ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet">[http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"], International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</ref> * Broadband go'an: 122 rukun, 192aad (ugu dambeeyay) adduunka; 0.0% dadweynaha, 192aad (ugu dambeeyay) adduunka (2012). <ref name="FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx |date=20190726064920 }} {{Webarchive}}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref> * Mobaylka ballaaran ee moobaylka: lama yaqaan. <ref name="MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012">[http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx |date=20190726064920 }} {{Webarchive}}, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, [[Midowga Warisgaarsiinta Caalamiga|International Telecommunication Union]]. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</ref> * Martigeliyeyaasha Internetka: 701 martigeliye, 177aad adduunka (2012). <ref name="WFB-Eritrea-20134">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260114190905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ "Eritrea"], ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 November 2013.</ref> * Bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka (ISPs): 4 (2005) - [[EriTel]], CTS, TFanus, Ewan. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> [ cusboonaysiin u baahan ] * [[Country code|Koodhka waddanka]] : ER * [[Top level domain|Domain heer sare ah]] : [[.er]] === Faafreebka iyo dabagalka internetka === * Waxaa lagu taxay inay kormeer ku socoto [[Reporters Without Borders|Weriyeyaasha Aan Xuduudda Lahayn]] (RWB) sannadihii 2008, 2009, ma ahayn sannadkii 2010, iyo mar kale laga bilaabo 2011 ilaa 2012. <ref name="RWBEnemies2012">[http://march12.rsf.org/i/Report_EnemiesoftheInternet_2012.pdf ''Internet Enemies''] {{Webarchive}}, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 12&nbsp;March 2012</ref> Eritrea ma aysan samayn nidaam sifeyn internet oo otomaatig ah oo baahsan, laakiin kama labalabeyn inay amarto in la xiro dhowr bog oo internetka ah oo qurbajoog ah oo dhaleeceeya nidaamka. Helitaanka goobahan waxaa xannibay laba ka mid ah bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka, Erson iyo Ewan, iyo sidoo kale bogagga [[Pornography|internetka ee qaawan]] . iyo [[YuutYuub|YouTube]] . [[Self-censorship|Is-faafreebka]] ayaa la sheegay inuu aad u baahsan yahay. <ref>[http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-eritrea,39762.html "Countries under surveillance: Eritrea"] {{Wayback|url=http://en.rsf.org/surveillance-eritrea,39762.html |date=20160321232520 }} {{Webarchive}}, Reporters Without Borders, March 2011</ref> == References == jtpf5lno862vdgd5te2me8u0d8r8ne3 0 47594 298864 298447 2026-06-19T10:58:41Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References */ 298864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geedi socodka nabadda ee Suudaan''' wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Peace process|kulamo, heshiisyo qoran iyo tallaabooyin ujeedadoodu tahay in lagu xalliyo]] [[War in Darfur|Dagaalka Darfur]], [[Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile|khilaafka Suudaan ee Koonfurta Kordofan iyo Blue Nile]] ( ''Labada Aag''  ), iyo iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo ka dhaca bartamaha, waqooyiga iyo bariga Suudaan. Sannadkii 2005, [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Heshiiska Nabadda ee Dhammaystiran]] wuxuu horseeday in la xalliyo qaar ka mid ah iskahorimaadyadii hubaysanaa ee ka dhacay Suudaan, oo ay ku jiraan [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|aftidii madaxbannaanida Koonfurta Suudaan ee 2011]] iyo gooni u goosashadii [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . [[Darfur Peace Agreement|Heshiisyadii nabadda ee Abuja iyo Doha ee 2006 iyo 2011 ee Doha Darfur]] waxay ujeedadoodu ahayd in lagu xalliyo khilaafka Darfur. [[2019 Sudanese transition to democracy#4 August/17 August Draft Constitutional Declaration|Qabyo-qoraalka Dastuurka ee Agoosto 2019]], oo ay saxiixeen wakiillo militari iyo rayid ah intii lagu jiray [[Sudanese revolution|kacaankii Suudaan ee 2018–19]], wuxuu u baahan yahay in heshiis nabadeed la gaaro lixda bilood ee ugu horreeya [[Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)|xilliga kala-guurka 39-ka bilood ah]] ee loogu talagalay dowladda rayidka ah ee dimuqraadiga ah. <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-movement-denies-suspension-of-peace-negotiations</ref> <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-movement-denies-suspension-of-peace-negotiations</ref> Wareeggii koowaad ee wadahadallada ayaa ka dhacay [[Juba]] bartamihii Sebtembar. <ref name="Dabanga_4Darfur_Juba">{{Cite news}}</ref> <ref name="Dabanga_Hemetti_Juba">https://sudanreeves.org/2019/08/06/sudan-draft-constitutional-charter-for-the-2019-transitional-period/</ref> <ref name="Dabanga_PM2negotiate_Juba">https://sudanreeves.org/2019/08/06/sudan-draft-constitutional-charter-for-the-2019-transitional-period/</ref> Wareeggii labaad ee Oktoobar 2019, heshiisyo ayaa la saxiixay 18-kii Oktoobar wadada ''Labada Aag'' ee u dhaxaysay dowladda iyo [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Dadka Suudaan-Waqooyi]] (al-Hilu) (SPLM-N (al-Hilu)) <ref name="Dabanga_SPLMN_roadmap">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-darfur-armed-movements-to-enter-peace-negotiations-together</ref> iyo wadada ''Darfur'' ee u dhaxaysa dowladda iyo [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]](SRF). <ref name="Dabanga_SRF_signs_Juba">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/srf-rebels-sudan-govt-sign-agreement-in-juba</ref> Wareeggii saddexaad wuxuu bilaabmay bartamihii Diseembar wadada ''bariga Suudaan'',  wadada ''Labada Aag''ee SPLM-N (Agar),  iyo wadada ''Darfur'' . [[MANSAM]] iyo [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Hindisaha Maya Dulmi ka dhanka ah Haweenka]] ayaa si isdaba joog ah ugu baaqay in haweenka lagu daro geeddi-socodka nabadda.   == Shuruudaha dastuuriga ah ee qabyada ah == Qoraalka Dastuurka ee Qabyo-qoraalka 4-ta Agoosto wuxuu taxayaa "gaarista nabad caddaalad ah oo dhammaystiran, soo afjaridda dagaalka iyadoo wax laga qabanayo xididdada dhibaatada Suudaan" sida Qodobka 7.(1), oo ah qodobka ugu horreeya ee ku jira "Waajibaadka Xilliga Kala-guurka", wuxuuna faahfaahin ka bixinayaa Cutubka 15, Qodobbada 67 iyo 58 ee dukumeentiga. <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/srf-rebels-sudan-govt-sign-agreement-in-juba</ref> <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-alliance-sudan-govt-work-to-make-juba-peace-talks-inclusive</ref> Qodobka 67.(b) wuxuu sheegayaa in [[Peace treaty|heshiis nabadeed]] la dhammaystiro lix bilood gudahood laga bilaabo saxiixa Qabyo-qoraalka Baaqa Dastuurka. Qodobka 67.(c) wuxuu u baahan yahay haweenka inay ka qaybqaataan dhammaan heerarka geeddi-socodka nabadda iyo in [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 1325]]<nowiki/>la dabaqo, iyo dejinta sharciga ah ee xuquuqda haweenka waxaa lagu daboolay Qodobka 67.(d). Hababka kale ee lagu hirgelinayo geeddi-socodka nabadda ee dhammaystiran waxaa lagu taxay Qodobbada 67.(e) ( [[Ceasefire|joojinta colaadaha]], furitaanka [[Humanitarian corridor|marinnada gargaarka bani'aadamnimada]], sii deynta maxaabiista iyo [[Prisoner exchange|is-weydaarsiga]] ), 67.(f) ( [[Amnesty|cafisyada]]<nowiki/>hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadda iyo xubnaha dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka hubaysan), iyo 67.(g) ( [[Transitional justice|caddaalad ku-meel-gaar ah]]<nowiki/>iyo isla xisaabtanka [[Crimes against humanity|dambiyada ka dhanka ah aadanaha]] iyo [[War crime|dambiyada dagaalka]] iyo maxkamadaha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah). <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec2" /> Qodobka 68 wuxuu taxayaa 13 "arrimo muhiim u ah wadahadallada nabadda". <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial2" /> == Dhacdooyinka isku dhaca == Intii u dhaxaysay bartamihii Sebtembar ilaa bartamihii Noofambar 2019, 40 weerar oo ay ciidamada amniga Suudaan ku qaadeen dad rayid ah ayaa ka dhacay Darfur, kuwaas oo lagu dilay ama lagu dhaawacay dad rayid ah, Mershing, Shangil Tobai, Gray Kalakl, Andro, Kadner, Mukjar, Gereida iyo Krenk. Wakiil ka tirsan dadka gudaha ku barakacay (IDPs) ayaa xaaladda amniga ku tilmaamay mid aan isbeddelin tan iyo markii awoodda laga wareejiyay [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Golaha Milatariga ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah]] una wareejiyay Golaha Madaxbannaanida rayidka iyo militariga iyo [[Cabinet of Sudan|golaha wasiirada]] rayidka. Iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo u dhexeeya ciidamada amniga ee dawladda iyo [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Suudaan/Ciidanka]](al-Nur; SLM-al-Nur) ayaa dhacay As of November . , SLM (al-Nuur) way diiday inay ku biirto geeddi-socodka nabadda Juba. == Raadinta gorgortanka juqraafiyeed == Wadahadallada nabadda waxaa loo kala saaray waddooyin is barbar socda oo ku yaal shan gobol oo juqraafi ahaan kala duwan: * ''Darfur'' : heshiis siyaasadeed oo ay ku jiraan xabad joojin iyo gargaar bani'aadamnimo ayaa waxaa saxiixay [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Hemetti]]<nowiki/>iyo SRF 21kii Oktoobar 2019; <ref name="Dabanga_SRF_signs_Juba2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/women-demand-participation-in-peace-negotiations</ref> heshiis ''qaab-dhismeed'' ayaa la saxiixay 28kii Diseembar 2019;  heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' ayaa la saxiixay 31kii Agoosto 2020; <ref name="aljazeera2020">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/no-oppression-against-women-initiative-calls-for-social-peace-in-sudan</ref> * ''Labada Aag'' : Buuraha Koonfurta Kordofan/Nuba iyo gobolka Blue Nile; ** heshiis siyaasadeed waxaa u saxeexay SPLM-N (al-Hilu) iyo Khabbashi oo ka tirsan Golaha Qaranimada 18kii Oktoobar 2019; <ref name="Dabanga_SPLMN_roadmap2">https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68523</ref> ** Heshiis xabad joojin iyo hab-maamuuska bani'aadamnimada ah ayaa waxaa kala saxiixday SPLM-N (Agar) iyo Hemetti 17kii Diseembar 2019;  heshiis ''qaab-dhismeed'', oo ay ku jiraan heshiisyo siyaasadeed iyo amni, waxaa saxiixay Hemetti iyo Ahmed El Omda Badi oo matalaya SPLM-N (Agar) 24kii Janaayo 2020, oo ay ku jiraan madax-bannaanida sharci-dejinta ee Labada Aag iyo mideynta dhammaan ciidamada qalabka sida hal ciidan qaran;   heshiis amni oo lagu mideynayo SRF [[Sudanese Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Suudaan]] ayaa la saxiixay 17kii Agoosto 2020;  heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' ayaa la saxiixay 31kii Agoosto 2020 SRF; <ref name="Dabanga_Darfur_comprehensive">https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68772</ref> <ref name="dw">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/sudan-signs-peace-deal-rebel-groups-darfur-200831091517458.html</ref> * ''Waqooyiga'' Suudaan: Wadahadalladii lala galay SRF ayaa la hakiyey 22kii Janaayo 2020 iyadoo la eegayo go'aan ka gaarista sida loo ixtiraamo xuquuqda dadka ka barakacay [[Wadi Halfa]] ;  26kii Janaayo, heshiis ''kama dambays ah'', oo ay ku jiraan arrimaha qashin-qubka biyo-xireenka, waddooyinka iyo sunta, waxaa saxiixay Khabbashi iyo Dahab Ibrahim oo ka tirsan [[Kush Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kush]] ; * Suudaanta ''dhexe'' : heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' waxaa saxiixay Hemetti iyo [[el-Tom Hajo]] oo ka tirsan SRF 24 Diseembar 2019; * ''Bariga'' Suudaan: heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' oo kordhiyey matalaadda bariga ee qaab-dhismeedka federaalka iyo hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee la aasaasay ayaa la saxiixay 21kii Febraayo 2020; == Tixraacyada == oiyafz9mqu678ubi01wxs8rnid3jdof 298865 298864 2026-06-19T10:58:59Z Robertjamal12 45175 298865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geedi socodka nabadda ee Suudaan''' wuxuu ka kooban yahay [[Peace process|kulamo, heshiisyo qoran iyo tallaabooyin ujeedadoodu tahay in lagu xalliyo]] [[War in Darfur|Dagaalka Darfur]], [[Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile|khilaafka Suudaan ee Koonfurta Kordofan iyo Blue Nile]] ( ''Labada Aag''  ), iyo iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo ka dhaca bartamaha, waqooyiga iyo bariga Suudaan. Sannadkii 2005, [[Comprehensive Peace Agreement|Heshiiska Nabadda ee Dhammaystiran]] wuxuu horseeday in la xalliyo qaar ka mid ah iskahorimaadyadii hubaysanaa ee ka dhacay Suudaan, oo ay ku jiraan [[2011 South Sudanese independence referendum|aftidii madaxbannaanida Koonfurta Suudaan ee 2011]] iyo gooni u goosashadii [[Koonfur Suudaan|Koonfurta Suudaan]] . [[Darfur Peace Agreement|Heshiisyadii nabadda ee Abuja iyo Doha ee 2006 iyo 2011 ee Doha Darfur]] waxay ujeedadoodu ahayd in lagu xalliyo khilaafka Darfur. [[2019 Sudanese transition to democracy#4 August/17 August Draft Constitutional Declaration|Qabyo-qoraalka Dastuurka ee Agoosto 2019]], oo ay saxiixeen wakiillo militari iyo rayid ah intii lagu jiray [[Sudanese revolution|kacaankii Suudaan ee 2018–19]], wuxuu u baahan yahay in heshiis nabadeed la gaaro lixda bilood ee ugu horreeya [[Sudanese transition to democracy (2019–2021)|xilliga kala-guurka 39-ka bilood ah]] ee loogu talagalay dowladda rayidka ah ee dimuqraadiga ah. <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-movement-denies-suspension-of-peace-negotiations</ref> <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-movement-denies-suspension-of-peace-negotiations</ref> Wareeggii koowaad ee wadahadallada ayaa ka dhacay [[Juba]] bartamihii Sebtembar. <ref name="Dabanga_Hemetti_Juba">https://sudanreeves.org/2019/08/06/sudan-draft-constitutional-charter-for-the-2019-transitional-period/</ref> <ref name="Dabanga_PM2negotiate_Juba">https://sudanreeves.org/2019/08/06/sudan-draft-constitutional-charter-for-the-2019-transitional-period/</ref> Wareeggii labaad ee Oktoobar 2019, heshiisyo ayaa la saxiixay 18-kii Oktoobar wadada ''Labada Aag'' ee u dhaxaysay dowladda iyo [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Dadka Suudaan-Waqooyi]] (al-Hilu) (SPLM-N (al-Hilu)) <ref name="Dabanga_SPLMN_roadmap">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/four-darfur-armed-movements-to-enter-peace-negotiations-together</ref> iyo wadada ''Darfur'' ee u dhaxaysa dowladda iyo [[Sudan Revolutionary Front|Jabhadda Kacaanka Suudaan]](SRF). <ref name="Dabanga_SRF_signs_Juba">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/srf-rebels-sudan-govt-sign-agreement-in-juba</ref> Wareeggii saddexaad wuxuu bilaabmay bartamihii Diseembar wadada ''bariga Suudaan'',  wadada ''Labada Aag''ee SPLM-N (Agar),  iyo wadada ''Darfur'' . [[MANSAM]] iyo [[No to Oppression against Women Initiative|Hindisaha Maya Dulmi ka dhanka ah Haweenka]] ayaa si isdaba joog ah ugu baaqay in haweenka lagu daro geeddi-socodka nabadda.   == Shuruudaha dastuuriga ah ee qabyada ah == Qoraalka Dastuurka ee Qabyo-qoraalka 4-ta Agoosto wuxuu taxayaa "gaarista nabad caddaalad ah oo dhammaystiran, soo afjaridda dagaalka iyadoo wax laga qabanayo xididdada dhibaatada Suudaan" sida Qodobka 7.(1), oo ah qodobka ugu horreeya ee ku jira "Waajibaadka Xilliga Kala-guurka", wuxuuna faahfaahin ka bixinayaa Cutubka 15, Qodobbada 67 iyo 58 ee dukumeentiga. <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/srf-rebels-sudan-govt-sign-agreement-in-juba</ref> <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/rebel-alliance-sudan-govt-work-to-make-juba-peace-talks-inclusive</ref> Qodobka 67.(b) wuxuu sheegayaa in [[Peace treaty|heshiis nabadeed]] la dhammaystiro lix bilood gudahood laga bilaabo saxiixa Qabyo-qoraalka Baaqa Dastuurka. Qodobka 67.(c) wuxuu u baahan yahay haweenka inay ka qaybqaataan dhammaan heerarka geeddi-socodka nabadda iyo in [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325|Qaraarka Golaha Amniga ee Qaramada Midoobay 1325]]<nowiki/>la dabaqo, iyo dejinta sharciga ah ee xuquuqda haweenka waxaa lagu daboolay Qodobka 67.(d). Hababka kale ee lagu hirgelinayo geeddi-socodka nabadda ee dhammaystiran waxaa lagu taxay Qodobbada 67.(e) ( [[Ceasefire|joojinta colaadaha]], furitaanka [[Humanitarian corridor|marinnada gargaarka bani'aadamnimada]], sii deynta maxaabiista iyo [[Prisoner exchange|is-weydaarsiga]] ), 67.(f) ( [[Amnesty|cafisyada]]<nowiki/>hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadda iyo xubnaha dhaqdhaqaaqa mucaaradka hubaysan), iyo 67.(g) ( [[Transitional justice|caddaalad ku-meel-gaar ah]]<nowiki/>iyo isla xisaabtanka [[Crimes against humanity|dambiyada ka dhanka ah aadanaha]] iyo [[War crime|dambiyada dagaalka]] iyo maxkamadaha qaranka iyo kuwa caalamiga ah). <ref name="raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec2" /> Qodobka 68 wuxuu taxayaa 13 "arrimo muhiim u ah wadahadallada nabadda". <ref name="Const_Dec_En_unofficial2" /> == Dhacdooyinka isku dhaca == Intii u dhaxaysay bartamihii Sebtembar ilaa bartamihii Noofambar 2019, 40 weerar oo ay ciidamada amniga Suudaan ku qaadeen dad rayid ah ayaa ka dhacay Darfur, kuwaas oo lagu dilay ama lagu dhaawacay dad rayid ah, Mershing, Shangil Tobai, Gray Kalakl, Andro, Kadner, Mukjar, Gereida iyo Krenk. Wakiil ka tirsan dadka gudaha ku barakacay (IDPs) ayaa xaaladda amniga ku tilmaamay mid aan isbeddelin tan iyo markii awoodda laga wareejiyay [[Transitional Military Council (2019)|Golaha Milatariga ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah]] una wareejiyay Golaha Madaxbannaanida rayidka iyo militariga iyo [[Cabinet of Sudan|golaha wasiirada]] rayidka. Iskahorimaadyo hubaysan oo u dhexeeya ciidamada amniga ee dawladda iyo [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Xoreynta Suudaan/Ciidanka]](al-Nur; SLM-al-Nur) ayaa dhacay As of November . , SLM (al-Nuur) way diiday inay ku biirto geeddi-socodka nabadda Juba. == Raadinta gorgortanka juqraafiyeed == Wadahadallada nabadda waxaa loo kala saaray waddooyin is barbar socda oo ku yaal shan gobol oo juqraafi ahaan kala duwan: * ''Darfur'' : heshiis siyaasadeed oo ay ku jiraan xabad joojin iyo gargaar bani'aadamnimo ayaa waxaa saxiixay [[Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo|Hemetti]]<nowiki/>iyo SRF 21kii Oktoobar 2019; <ref name="Dabanga_SRF_signs_Juba2">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/women-demand-participation-in-peace-negotiations</ref> heshiis ''qaab-dhismeed'' ayaa la saxiixay 28kii Diseembar 2019;  heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' ayaa la saxiixay 31kii Agoosto 2020; <ref name="aljazeera2020">https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/no-oppression-against-women-initiative-calls-for-social-peace-in-sudan</ref> * ''Labada Aag'' : Buuraha Koonfurta Kordofan/Nuba iyo gobolka Blue Nile; ** heshiis siyaasadeed waxaa u saxeexay SPLM-N (al-Hilu) iyo Khabbashi oo ka tirsan Golaha Qaranimada 18kii Oktoobar 2019; <ref name="Dabanga_SPLMN_roadmap2">https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68523</ref> ** Heshiis xabad joojin iyo hab-maamuuska bani'aadamnimada ah ayaa waxaa kala saxiixday SPLM-N (Agar) iyo Hemetti 17kii Diseembar 2019;  heshiis ''qaab-dhismeed'', oo ay ku jiraan heshiisyo siyaasadeed iyo amni, waxaa saxiixay Hemetti iyo Ahmed El Omda Badi oo matalaya SPLM-N (Agar) 24kii Janaayo 2020, oo ay ku jiraan madax-bannaanida sharci-dejinta ee Labada Aag iyo mideynta dhammaan ciidamada qalabka sida hal ciidan qaran;   heshiis amni oo lagu mideynayo SRF [[Sudanese Armed Forces|Ciidamada Qalabka Sida ee Suudaan]] ayaa la saxiixay 17kii Agoosto 2020;  heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' ayaa la saxiixay 31kii Agoosto 2020 SRF; <ref name="Dabanga_Darfur_comprehensive">https://sudantribune.com/spip.php?article68772</ref> <ref name="dw">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/08/sudan-signs-peace-deal-rebel-groups-darfur-200831091517458.html</ref> * ''Waqooyiga'' Suudaan: Wadahadalladii lala galay SRF ayaa la hakiyey 22kii Janaayo 2020 iyadoo la eegayo go'aan ka gaarista sida loo ixtiraamo xuquuqda dadka ka barakacay [[Wadi Halfa]] ;  26kii Janaayo, heshiis ''kama dambays ah'', oo ay ku jiraan arrimaha qashin-qubka biyo-xireenka, waddooyinka iyo sunta, waxaa saxiixay Khabbashi iyo Dahab Ibrahim oo ka tirsan [[Kush Movement|Dhaqdhaqaaqa Kush]] ; * Suudaanta ''dhexe'' : heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' waxaa saxiixay Hemetti iyo [[el-Tom Hajo]] oo ka tirsan SRF 24 Diseembar 2019; * ''Bariga'' Suudaan: heshiis nabadeed ''oo kama dambays ah'' oo kordhiyey matalaadda bariga ee qaab-dhismeedka federaalka iyo hay'adaha maaliyadeed ee la aasaasay ayaa la saxiixay 21kii Febraayo 2020; == Tixraacyada == n3biap7zelht9lbonsbz2untivz1wsj 0 47595 298866 298449 2026-06-19T10:59:21Z Robertjamal12 45175 /* References§ */ 298866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirkadda Adeegyada Isgaarsiinta ee Eritrea''' (oo hore u ahayd '''Adeegga Isgaarsiinta ee Eritrea''' ), oo loo yaqaan '''EriTel''', waa shirkadda kaliya ee maamusha kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta taleefanka dhulka ee [[Eratareya|Eritrea]] . Sidoo kale waa shirkadda kaliya ee maamusha adeegga taleefanka gacanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid ka mid ah dhowr [[Internet service provider|shirkadood oo bixiya adeegyada internetka]] ee dalka. == Dulmar Guud == === EriTel (shirkadda taleefanka gacanta) === Adeegga moobaylka ee EriTel wuxuu bilaabmay Maarso 2004 adeegguna aad ayuu u kordhay tan iyo markii la aasaasay. EriTel, laga bilaabo 2013, waxay leedahay ku dhawaad 358,000 oo isticmaale, <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185714/http://www.itu.int/WORLD2003/forum/youthforum/national_report2003.pdf</ref> inkastoo helitaanka [[SIM card|kaararka SIM-ka]] ay aad u xaddidan yihiin, taasoo u baahan codsiyada dowladda. <ref>http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2013/02/13/eritel-begins-sale-of-shares/</ref> EriTel waxay maamushaa shabakad GSM 900 ah oo dabooleysa ku dhawaad dhammaan magaalooyinka waaweyn oo ay ku jiraan: [[Asmara]], Embatkala, [[Ghinda]], [[Massawa]], [[Dekemhare]], [[Mendefera]], [[Keren, Eritrea|Keren]], [[Adi Keyh]], [[Barentu, Eritrea|Barentu]], [[Teseney]], [[Agordat]], Sawa, <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49727573</ref> iyo [[Nakfa, Eritrea|Nakfa]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061107100028/http://www.shaebia.org/artman/publish/article_4699.html</ref> Laantan EriTel waxaa si wadajir ah u aasaasay [[Siyaasadda Eritrea|Dowladda Eritrea]] iyo shirkadda Ubambo Investment Holdings Limited, oo ah shirkad Koonfur Afrikaan ah. EriTel macaamiisheeda ma siiso adeegyo SMS ah oo ay ku tagaan dalalka dibadda. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015436/http://www.shabait.com/staging/publish/article_005593.html</ref> === EriTel (ISP) === Shirkadda EriTel oo ah shirkad internet, waxay ka mid ahayd shirkadihii ugu horreeyay ee hela ruqsad ay ku shaqeyso. Si ay u bixiso badeecadeeda, shirkaddu waxay bixisaa makhaayado internet, khadad kiro ah iyo isku xirka dial-up. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isku xirku badanaa waa mid aad u buux dhaafsan oo ciriirigu waa dhibaato la aqoonsan yahay. EriTel waxay maamushaa albaabka qaranka, kaas oo ay abuurtay iyadoo la kaashanaysa [[USAID]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193343/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/bfc5ed90ba2c9d6385256a5b0065a425</ref> == Tixraacyada == e4o9754f55qkuk52vvkvjjxwxevr3y5 0 47600 298870 298741 2026-06-19T11:33:01Z ~2026-34537-45 46057 298870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Rer Ali-Abdi | native_name = | flag = |image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}} |Region2= {{Flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region3={{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}|region4={{flagcountry|Kenya}} | regions = | languages = [[Somali language|Somali]] | religions = [[Islam]] | related = iyo kuwo kale }} Beesha '''Rer Ali-Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Ali-Abdi}}, {{lang-en|Ali-Abdi}}) waa beel ka mid ah beelaha Abokor Muuse , ku waasi oo dagan deegano badan oo katirsan Somaliland iyo DDS Itoobiya. <ref>Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). I.M Lewis : peoples of the Horn of Africa.</ref><ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615</ref>Beesha Maxamuud Muuse Waxa laga helaa konfurta magaalada Hargiesa iyo Bariga magalda Salahley.<ref>A General survey of the Somaliland protectorate 1944-1950, p.122, table 18. Somaliland </ref> ==Hordhac == Beesha Ali-Abdi waa farac ka tirsan beel-weynta Abokor Muse. Rer Ali-Abdi waxay door muhiim ah ku leeyihiin bulshada, waxayna si taariikhi ah u degganaayeen meelo kala duwan oo ka tirsan Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . Sidoo kale, waxaa laga helaa koofurta Hargeysa,Salaxley, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Dalka Itoobiya. ==Abtirsiin== {{Tree list}} *Ali Abdi (Rer Ali-Abbdi) **Mumin Ali ***Egal Mumin ***Ziyad Mumin ***Wais Mumin ***Hassan Munin ***Farah Mumin ***Wais Mumin ***Ali Mumin ***Essa Mumin ***Jibril Mumin ***Farah Mumin ***Dahir Mumin ***Guled Mumin ***Urmah Mumin ****Dhible Urmah ****Ismail Urmah **Naleye Ali ***Jama Naleye ***Dualeh Naleye ***Warfa Naleye ***Ahmed Naleye ***Yonis Naleye ***Aden Naleye ***Abdi Naleye ***Geedi Naleye ***Farah Naleye ***Jibril Naleye ****Egal Naleye ****Arralleh Egal *****Elmi Aralleh *****Aw-Jama Arralleh **Hussein Ali ***Nour Hussein ****Roble Nour ****Dahir Nour ****Wa'ays Nour ****Ali Nour ****Mohamed Nour ****Ismail Nour ****Gabal Nour ****Ismai Nour ****Yusuf Nour ****Guled Nour ***Mohamed Hussein ****Ali Mohamed ****Abdi Mohamed ****Sead Mohamed ****Warfa Mohamed ****Jibril Mohamed ****Omar Mohamed ****Farah Mohamed ***Jama Hussien ****Osman jama ****Geedi Jama ****Sead jama ****Hersi jama ****Abdi jama ****Ahmed jama ****Yusuf jama ****Jibril Jama ****Osman Jama ****Abdillahi Jama ****Yusuf jama ****Aden jama ****Egal Jama ****Muhumoad Jama {{tree list/end}} ==Notable figures== *Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud *Guled bihi Abdi *Almis Omar Sakriye *Mustafe Ali *Mohamoud ismail Gabush *Sheikh Harred *Mohamed Ahmed sulub ==Tixraac== shdg0l2pgmhblbswtx7w566v05o7x9k 2 47626 298848 2026-06-19T08:58:30Z Abdisamad Abdikadir Awad 46135 Bog cusub: {{Short description|Somali politician and former Puntland Minister of Finance}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Hassan Shire Abgal | native_name = Xasan Shire Abgaal | image = Hassan_Shire_Abgal.jpg | caption = Abgal in the 2020s | nationality = Somali | occupation = Politician | known_for = Former Puntland Minister of Finance; candidate in the 2024 Puntland presidential election }} '''Hassan Shire Abgal''' (Somali: '''Xasan Shire Abgaal''') is a Somali politician who served as... 298848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Somali politician and former Puntland Minister of Finance}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Hassan Shire Abgal | native_name = Xasan Shire Abgaal | image = Hassan_Shire_Abgal.jpg | caption = Abgal in the 2020s | nationality = Somali | occupation = Politician | known_for = Former Puntland Minister of Finance; candidate in the 2024 Puntland presidential election }} '''Hassan Shire Abgal''' (Somali: '''Xasan Shire Abgaal''') is a Somali politician who served as Minister of Finance in Puntland and later became a candidate in the 2024 Puntland presidential election. == Political career == Abgal served in the Puntland administration as [https://grokipedia.com/page/ministry_of_finance_puntland#:~:text=47%5D%5B48%5D-,Hassan%20Shire%20Abgaal,-was%20appointed%20under Minister of Finance]. During his tenure he advocated tax collection, fiscal reforms, and strengthening government revenue systems. He gained wider political prominence during debates over Somalia's federal system and relations between Puntland and the [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|Federal Government of Somalia.]] He advocated for the free elections against the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUJQqHRrl6I change of constitution] in 2024 When Then [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Deni]] tried to change it which caused [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/somalia-fighting-breaks-out-near-puntland-capital-amid-election-dispute unsettle] == [[:en:2024_Puntland_presidential_election|2024 Puntland presidential election]] == Abgal contested the 2024 Puntland presidential election as one of several candidates seeking to lead Puntland. Although unsuccessful, he remained active in Puntland politics after the election. == Political positions == Abgal has generally supported: * Strengthening Puntland institutions. * Improving government revenue collection. * Dialogue among Puntland political stakeholders. * Cooperation between Puntland and the Federal Government where beneficial. * Protection of Somalia's federal system. He has criticized governance failures, salary delays affecting public employees and security forces, and what he describes as political isolation of Puntland. == Later political activity == Following the 2024 election, Abgal continued to participate in political debates concerning Puntland's future, governance reforms, federal-state relations, and regional development. == See also == * [[Puntland]] * [[:en:Politics_of_Somalia|Politics of Somalia]] * [[:en:2024_Puntland_presidential_election|2024 Puntland presidential election]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdisamad Abdikadir Awad/politico}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Somalian politicians]] [[Category:Puntland politicians]] [[Category:Finance ministers of Puntland]] [[Category:Candidates in Puntland presidential elections]] fe14guemz3vdl6s1tw4ppl9phghxbv0 298850 298848 2026-06-19T09:01:09Z Abdisamad Abdikadir Awad 46135 298850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Somali politician and former Puntland Minister of Finance}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Hassan Shire Abgal | native_name = Xasan Shire Abgaal | image = Hassan_Shire_Abgal.jpg | caption = Abgal in the 2020s | nationality = Somali | occupation = Politician | known_for = Former Puntland Minister of Finance; candidate in the 2024 Puntland presidential election |birth_place=Sanaag}} '''Hassan Shire Abgal''' (Somali: '''Xasan Shire Abgaal''') is a Somali politician who served as Minister of Finance in Puntland and later became a candidate in the 2024 Puntland presidential election. == Political career == Abgal served in the Puntland administration as [https://grokipedia.com/page/ministry_of_finance_puntland#:~:text=47%5D%5B48%5D-,Hassan%20Shire%20Abgaal,-was%20appointed%20under Minister of Finance]. During his tenure he advocated tax collection, fiscal reforms, and strengthening government revenue systems. He gained wider political prominence during debates over Somalia's federal system and relations between Puntland and the [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|Federal Government of Somalia.]] He advocated for the free elections against the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUJQqHRrl6I change of constitution] in 2024 When Then [[Siciid Cabdulaahi Deni|Deni]] tried to change it which caused [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/somalia-fighting-breaks-out-near-puntland-capital-amid-election-dispute unsettle] == [[:en:2024_Puntland_presidential_election|2024 Puntland presidential election]] == Abgal contested the 2024 Puntland presidential election as one of several candidates seeking to lead Puntland. Although unsuccessful, he remained active in Puntland politics after the election. == Political positions == Abgal has generally supported: * Strengthening Puntland institutions. * Improving government revenue collection. * Dialogue among Puntland political stakeholders. * Cooperation between Puntland and the Federal Government where beneficial. * Protection of Somalia's federal system. He has criticized governance failures, salary delays affecting public employees and security forces, and what he describes as political isolation of Puntland. == Later political activity == Following the 2024 election, Abgal continued to participate in political debates concerning Puntland's future, governance reforms, federal-state relations, and regional development. == See also == * [[Puntland]] * [[:en:Politics_of_Somalia|Politics of Somalia]] * [[:en:2024_Puntland_presidential_election|2024 Puntland presidential election]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Abdisamad Abdikadir Awad/politico}} [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Somalian politicians]] [[Category:Puntland politicians]] [[Category:Finance ministers of Puntland]] [[Category:Candidates in Puntland presidential elections]] eq2rp8clln76zeo60duai5p608s0a8a